CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "dl.acm.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '8ec98da3799d4c7d',cH: 'x5HWQpnFyN2fU1zZrAKmjZBdkctsse0rs4IFNW_gQNc-1733291786-1.2.1.1-k.vQ.s3aTuv6o7LdY0n2l.ke3KY3qGpYvW83qrwHo14RpHRCwQdWt_aUP0A.TkEc',cUPMDTk: "\/doi\/10.1145\/3589335.3651242?__cf_chl_tk=ygbAHHkbmJtoylcCkmlDz4KsunZuOS1xyHBPXkzEb3w-1733291786-1.0.1.1-SgfTSvhv3eD_73n83aiCynacchwXYoyicxpNnpxbZOM",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1733291786',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/doi\/10.1145\/3589335.3651242?__cf_chl_f_tk=ygbAHHkbmJtoylcCkmlDz4KsunZuOS1xyHBPXkzEb3w-1733291786-1.0.1.1-SgfTSvhv3eD_73n83aiCynacchwXYoyicxpNnpxbZOM",md: "g0h2e5Mq9cBSUFWBGV1HEEPNr4bESXE3fl6Fftcg9R4-1733291786-1.2.1.1-tn8xrQHUgkxv78ZK24nFKa65HjvcKYMXanrrJvHcG205d1GyzkzWae_VFw80GkWzodS.eDv.kjtHPB9ow4o9u0sp91ueJk5D8jWVRyj8A9FUo2CedupQ8iVchCuj.lNliCn24e.CAUm6cznb_sb1f6mb.yFalBIHjV00y25wc8WrZxJ3kDNbX6954EQMih.37k2YaXszrsBT7oaeFn3eVfbOxYeHQfwAKUZ.d1P4vrAUGaEcgjZzicfNMmRn7w5u2bAdBthjjnHsEKcwjUQEWWxuNkby5oFJAv_RzYinRC7mfJzCC6zAqkwE80qmfpuGAna1xpeHtDQA3.ZAmOP.MvR4aqTKlOA09tTEMmek07uPg3bosj9eBMRUtPjDx._3g3zIeXuRJwQWXpQQZwvqX9keWeHWR1eR_IncrQsEdRMuQdFfSZSvsSkAcmULDg0Wzg7nldl.5uNGaaimcQkNAeC4RjVJbAofk6MJN9Nxtg6rBEB78E9TLGdF9A3r_et_qRYMp1gGF6Jj5psTLHHVQE5amLvICv5EPmTG_oMOut0sY1_.6Y_CzIknEHdrWe36zUT4_VTr2VpSqI0QHDGCrWAI0H2IDkIrmWaoqr4ELDnpem2l2wFmhvL1_txvndDyHe6CO8A6uPhWRV7dxbtc_0jv02qK7sqWbXiOQFI_BO6myTbu_qiPS9HUM1s6L3jkUEAYtsHv0Z9V30g72qIn96yM7nzltmy7QblO5cViMKC13yR4opaKIJ5fXdvaRCFIHh9tK9WY9fOiHpPI1ZSn1e81QVEXjIdcKcjSnODYlR5A3H91qwN0i7uZlmvUMMG0vIIPMhjoDLw140dYtNy03pa1aqPjN.VoqltfYVSfMxeFt7wdYA4fmqWMTvE27X5LqkzH0IdAMzcWalZQIAnDC1GZ5u7LI7JWypaBYR5pV97OlRIiQwiIp0q.JaEBYRGeSXds1bCBQcObkFndFlPhhg5i2G5KnTgegNYBn0F3Ph3Z5HKuIpBMrzzSC3gi6o0dWut2A9XgKwzucNmYWJGFGLYXmPnQe9Aky6QaoB3LK23UgsB5.eUgyDiT.zXMUIs4CzjrPpXrj2QMITbrUFlZcPuRWX_jrz_DByASwzTZzB6lQGXGHxa5vuH.xW_O454icQz9fHeUVH3FJe2lvOApefGV8whhq1PU3IqhTy7C1NLIi9Apk0YuNVq0iuV2DaGvPp.I9mbH.WUpWDuODM7_jWLMLiaf2QHyiWyVBmCbRq1kXxLJA7wJNzLTksNj2NOQbKmcGQiSljUwCfTBMk.tqvBtOOT0rQQ4Sitx0sxC5xAh0O4C5COVqG1YyVE8cOLZQFFXf9tBxoUjRoS5I6v4JIXdv5bm4N8xyOMiZ.gYpWYewReX_ITKD8f9SBAudx74IosVTS8DbcRf2TnWG1xCuacEnMhq..WcX99wuw.eOwMZTOJt4TrU2kiWvARDFeHvVewHV0bNKSFgamI9e.YEy_lBFTm2_RpQbtWvQ0ey1eFClf4hOQ8h_XsmTr8pkoIpZQtvWsBNN8gFKzBF3VVMt_NDfwFQYMzxEiIVeM_HDDFnAoXDNzqT5Oo_we9Fz5vSz.tn0R6apVGlin6InlniC.hZmpWuY9HbAKHCKHqQFGSHFefeAO.sAHU9ltiIIGLL3Z1qm_68Gif6aKQxk1iTj7zO3pfNSnXlJQqcd4_SxYdOIyjb5HaCu8oADm84utZKyMwOdqhDMiOz7FFUsV3ik0Ugmwh4fIXy0gerKMLK0_A6cpu.sGY04yn0PecS11X7WA0moAV5mvgxaUyvoW8Zc_tZmGAIz2UTqF386V3bSjQtVKoeQdLAllJ5UUFOFdImLQiYPPI1FP_xGJ4XSWqhos.6A2QqlwwtUUg0GxMPRxG2KHi4Xg3k487FT8TvdQZQ0zDt8nzGtHou7y5PUgo5g76QvcEU9o2u46A_DH1ZsrtG7YEy8a3CPvZxLWwm7LTOGmzK6ep7vLinGjgUXEwkW1AtB5KbOCEnCuS.BGJ8nvfNp9AOH8gk.vE_q_pi5c.k.SPG2W8er5PMPzAMM.6s0A2pnvEuKcbYON_7qHVPAzVA6Kpu9Wji5gB4vHbZsHw8fUKMmYFStPw3xRFJGMwEdRLPFqzOzGUnjQvbZ7ZjsfsdCDvUNM78RnoG6QN83aj7t.9j78Tz1v021biXorbjWnGiP9IaAoL_Q9wzCUkOrK38LimhCY9y9d40uD8JVGLBp8FwmVru6xQVVKqP.7KEEo3AkaT_W7URBfw7jGEqnHLVDTxjMw6.t34nkU4ZrbhrtQGx1F_rx.Kvngj0AQKdkRhj6dzhwKbjIM9OQXP8JMHNzu1_FbvUiR8HrLoDzJ9W2LvQwiJVbn5kRjgypb7Ufc4ggQjisDnU6qH6hRNGR7TmXqJeMmRdbpm0o69uDePpZ3zg8vsRXcy6gKWU92rHvivBvlfVNczeBWZkVEGECbntq8QUofvKXfHegP9xYYjGF9GIUyibTGYCeakDnk3fkIOL_uNhj8944ZKL7an.5IJ9AXnBn9SStBMrXGRNo77ddXVkGqoFHaiodjXzAojJoz_wMdIUOP4qLt092DPrdUWvBTrBGhnhgcmw1i8oYWoX4nQNyK4.i_nnTBtoiaiGPWzF6SPEgDXMzqmYFTzHU9LG1zDhG1ezWF81.ZsLbXMwURy7n8ZNAd0Jp_CU7lS2TmLWvWCHwdtIhsw2PaIheGSg0bZ.PGJJikYCTr1wxLQlWB0DwEPX.AvFYkI2Guo6fDIVNeLybtGbhXs3wU15nGsHvJu5DKiNLSxgw17PXr1IhOq_m0ISCBIKZOAHkBVwUF8OIsC3gFrmkIDp_io2CyIu6W6qsoMfEb5g4YTMDx8H9i_mCSk77ZgCjZP_.lEXU_FcanezIJuj1S5ovOg_7ZhQ07lJoUTGFQIip.zfJ09PHqBOGDJQB5Uaqm5HmsyM170J.rY8paznD9FR.3G7G1N6rA7C8md5zHKVwBVs0TmQ",mdrd: "7AdGJN4h9ndXP_Idpkiu.quhbEjFuM6ic1.yVh4cwf4-1733291786-1.2.1.1-ICdGCWxCj3vGTzVMpPCGP8POFUFyee0L_uILTLkDy5r3xKvHqbhblcTnnUqjpR6RwgMhubvTYTANEJEXvylWNldTpzHAv._4a0jyAC3U7Wl_P4xXTUhJ7m_hd8Oa9gO.mvSax.uyr5xLQlQU_ZQ7CpuIGfL0s9v4c5o1yGTp8Nc5ukBAxjB02VZUZ5hsL4bH4KweVL6fX_rTNgcOkDqv9XK04jhCGKfhGfHXsfXkR36hnUOSaTXq9AmliSk8jMAwAj32yqBLTCeQ5t31xWEiTCOZgpoPLIDBss1U9Bxb2suGwJY.1GF4iZVThJHR194mevqQSnbTIyqHTsTkBBZzj_2gSCLDl7gfr6vWMVbxCAU_01KL3vTrq7FapF_NSMQBx1ac8XBc_oQ85.EteK0sC1cPtrhvVvLoIkjbPOqr0smzt7Ad0bLWEuAbIH99118_wbBAWcaG6tAvjdU0zE2JI9AXfLF3F0orcWuh_uZhfGIlmdKUkbT1MIrzuzGnV0.zHzID2MZE7W47jD.OHvqGn.OLIL6vu1c6YaCY8HkJ8DDH0L7p8JjwJhJIoYO4L7Yny6dIEp2zszIlRuY0N1jYmKlKHLoUUSzI6tTSLKelHCGZM7V6k.Zi50tT2Jz6l2t28njd3qjoTsQx9C.HJt4MOjL9O9EgpAWcIy9jf2.1ogI_kfeOdeuYqYkUJPNZ4zQCXWRbs5F44woLpes_JbnReJLeCGHHjEtFuwFUzk1bMY98AmpUHNWffdQ7ESeuNQwpUWLYLs4AGmdUIfTPdu1VjJsYmDYle82sVMgmVv6kPa1Ts_oWAPaO6nkHzTzIB.tpoDUxum9wsGXFfMwp7qF20jTx3V2BnoidmDIRx_B1eAa9xJORmp3M38QG414ph2wg_Wpp9I.wyrrhNXYYFuLBnfkl9XduJXdlnsZV7OjN8qDPr.5duRWf3.1lc.qTVmh5mwErIPiZ1StLnDePNjyQ1bI1Ro28CzCa1rO1B8r4kmmMlPhGEl4jcGBuNUS9TIXuuYcNKD8JV_rOqeh2tTHi.HYww29N1f85KGB4CFOopFe4hX3GnwhkQaLWBz974RdNL5SiV2w61BOsIao6RX4vlbTMKZel163YUdnzcG3nHEg197r.PIT.tcTGjYggYiwf6eAlIEP65hhLvnZJu0E1iNWdfuPhVtrrkfjBFZOJfkdlTx8PgBXm.KjOfAwuqUTBbyGuRcpG5Tp0G66aX5flN5tZalmxyim3acVZLJ2O8s.SbmlcRnxwIZMx54v0PTLASKJZoELT58fQjlpRvq0B509TWd.ICyU9PoWx8CtSGSy_zHkhazDcH1a5OlvqCxEL3FeD75rE4uPJlsOjz6xxuS2Hdzmu4wBoB_7YxIBieS11zo2u6QZn_1k.qYmKSaVpcLHf3D9CQqCZFTdXxukqEq9.N89wNcV3ZADUnmMh1HfsfRFXzHhO6CvWiBAJqv_T_lU7SGPGAraKi.8dQ6O6cwqeBeNK4XVr13AHlJxbUBb5ccYbdhBpt7oJJGmofdDsw11ACBus1_rQ6LrOzVFjExLE58ZpxFqrElcSGGgXu3a0yVO7hIHBNulvxpZAStAxLCEkrrMKXEPtvWvEnreTDJkrUGv5aTNmXba_z1ZMacWKjHVG0iJ1yFjZ0RRZs3Ge6tLkMAg6akij5nyCge0zsHFenUGLLhVAgUG1kVZI0EfrFkp15o5MlL5PhFQ.R6yxPX3oxJtW7gQWonafg9SwUDaitBmYBnf__CeoiOUI2zVnjgXuyUk1Y_eVugVlCbq0SFbYNUKx67Ls72WOWKJtHMrpqXJb_t2.35iOI4ar0_EQwRr6IZBlaj0iw1NihAQ37YJZc5MLDCAhhN.pi.X3GemC_0MkZzOwp_sfZkmOQVCzgaGef5Zu.NKepGwkQqmTpZ6FujDxo6uRUXG_Z0ylPQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8ec98da3799d4c7d';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/doi\/10.1145\/3589335.3651242?__cf_chl_rt_tk=ygbAHHkbmJtoylcCkmlDz4KsunZuOS1xyHBPXkzEb3w-1733291786-1.0.1.1-SgfTSvhv3eD_73n83aiCynacchwXYoyicxpNnpxbZOM" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>