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id="toc-Post-war_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-independence_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-independence_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Post-independence era </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-independence_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Governance and politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Governance and politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Governance_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Executive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Executive </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Legislature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_governments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_governments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Local governments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_governments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judiciary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judiciary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Judiciary </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judiciary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Foreign relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Consulates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consulates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5.1 Consulates </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consulates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Security </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Topography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Topography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Nature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Manufacturing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manufacturing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Manufacturing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manufacturing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Services </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Utilities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Transportation </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Transportation subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Land" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Land"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Land </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Land-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.1 Public transportation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Air </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Sea </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnicities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnicities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Ethnicities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnicities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Religions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Healthcare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Healthcare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Healthcare </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Healthcare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Festivals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.4 Architecture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.5 Cuisine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.6 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Notable people </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Penang</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 70 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-70" aria-hidden="true" > 70 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulo_Pinang" title="Pulo Pinang – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Pulo Pinang" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82" title="بينانق – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بينانق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penang" title="Penang – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Penang" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinanq" title="Pinanq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pinanq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82" title="পেনাং – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পেনাং" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Pinang" title="Pulau Pinang – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pulau Pinang" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Пенанг – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пенанг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penang" title="Penang – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Penang" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Pinang_(estado)" title="Pulau Pinang (estado) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pulau Pinang (estado)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penang" title="Penang – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Penang" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penang" title="Penang – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Penang" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penang" title="Penang – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Penang" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Pinangi_osariik" title="Pulau Pinangi osariik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pulau Pinangi osariik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Πενάνγκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πενάνγκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penang" title="Penang – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Penang" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penango" title="Penango – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Penango" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penang" title="Penang – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Penang" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF" title="پنانگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پنانگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penang" title="Penang – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Penang" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Pinang" title="Pulau Pinang – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Pulau Pinang" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%82%AD%EC%A3%BC" title="페낭주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="페낭주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="पिनांग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पिनांग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penang" title="Penang – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Penang" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Pinang" title="Pulau Pinang – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pulau Pinang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penang" title="Penang – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Penang" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Пинанг – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Пинанг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penang" title="Penang – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Penang" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%A0%D7%92" title="פננג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פננג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulo_Pinang" title="Pulo Pinang – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pulo Pinang" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D" title="ಪಿನಾಂಗ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪಿನಾಂಗ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="პინანგი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პინანგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penangas" title="Penangas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Penangas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinang" title="Pinang – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pinang" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Пенанг – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пенанг" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D" title="പെനാംഗ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പെനാംഗ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="पेनांग – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पेनांग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF" title="پینانگ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پینانگ" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Pinang" title="Pulau Pinang – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pulau Pinang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Pinang" title="Pulau Pinang – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Pulau Pinang" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penang_(staat)" title="Penang (staat) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Penang (staat)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9A%E3%83%8A%E3%83%B3%E5%B7%9E" title="ペナン州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ペナン州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penang_(Bundesstoot)" title="Penang (Bundesstoot) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Penang (Bundesstoot)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penang" title="Penang – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Penang" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97" title="ਪੀਨਾਂਗ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੀਨਾਂਗ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF" title="پینانگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پینانگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penang" title="Penang – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Penang" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penang_(stan)" title="Penang (stan) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Penang (stan)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen%C3%A3o" title="Penão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Penão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penang_suyu" title="Penang suyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Penang suyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Пинанг – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пинанг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penang" title="Penang – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Penang" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penang" title="Penang – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Penang" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Пенанг – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пенанг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penang" title="Penang – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Penang" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinang_(delstat)" title="Pinang (delstat) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pinang (delstat)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81" title="பினாங்கு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பினாங்கு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87" title="รัฐปีนัง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐปีนัง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penang" title="Penang – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Penang" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Pinang" title="Pulau Pinang – Buginese" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="Pulau Pinang" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Buginese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Ugi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Пінанг – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пінанг" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF" title="پینانگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پینانگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penang" title="Penang – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Penang" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penang" title="Penang – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Penang" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A7%9F%E5%9F%8E" title="槟城 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="槟城" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AA%B3%E5%9F%8E" title="檳城 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="檳城" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penang" title="Penang – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Penang" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A7%9F%E5%9F%8E" title="槟城 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="槟城" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Pinang" title="Pulau Pinang – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Pulau Pinang" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kadazandusun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Pinang" title="Pulau Pinang – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Pulau Pinang" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penang" title="Penang – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Penang" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q188096#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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<div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Penang&params=05_24_52_N_100_19_45_E_region:MY_type:city">05°24′52″N 100°19′45″E / 5.41444°N 100.32917°E / 5.41444; 100.32917</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. 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.infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192207">.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;width:23em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div td,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-official-below{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-other{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-caption{padding-top:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-nick,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-motto{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-elevation{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style><table class="infobox ib-pol-div vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Penang</div><div class="ib-pol-div-native nickname">Pulau Pinang</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">State</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Penang_(Malaysia).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Penang"><img alt="Flag of Penang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Penang_%28Malaysia%29.svg/100px-Flag_of_Penang_%28Malaysia%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Penang_%28Malaysia%29.svg/150px-Flag_of_Penang_%28Malaysia%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Penang_%28Malaysia%29.svg/200px-Flag_of_Penang_%28Malaysia%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="512" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Penang" title="Flag of Penang">Flag</a></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Penang.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Penang"><img alt="Coat of arms of Penang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Coat_of_arms_of_Penang.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Penang.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Coat_of_arms_of_Penang.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_Penang.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Coat_of_arms_of_Penang.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Penang.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="540" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Penang" title="Coat of arms of Penang">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Etymology: <a href="/wiki/Areca_nut" title="Areca nut">Areca nut</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname(s): <div class="ib-pol-div-nick nickname">"Pulau Mutiara" "Pearl of the Orient"</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: <div class="ib-pol-div-motto nickname">"Bersatu dan Setia" "United and Loyal"</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Anthem: "<a href="/wiki/Untuk_Negeri_Kita" title="Untuk Negeri Kita">Untuk Negeri Kita</a>" "For Our State" <div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;"><div class="center"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="43" data-mwtitle="Untuk_Negeri_Kita.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Untuk_Negeri_Kita.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/Untuk_Negeri_Kita.ogg/Untuk_Negeri_Kita.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUntuk_Negeri_Kita.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUntuk_Negeri_Kita.ogg&lang=mg&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="mg" label="Malagasy ‪(mg)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUntuk_Negeri_Kita.ogg&lang=ms&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ms" label="Bahasa Melayu ‪(ms)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Penang_in_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Penang_in_Malaysia.svg/250px-Penang_in_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Penang_in_Malaysia.svg/500px-Penang_in_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="457" /></a><div class="ib-pol-div-caption"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style>   Penang in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" />   <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="986" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded by the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">British East India Company</a></th><td class="infobox-data">11 August 1786</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">Straits Settlements</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1 April 1867 – 1 April 1946</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Malaya" title="Japanese occupation of Malaya">Japanese occupation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">19 December 1941 – 3 September 1945</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Union" title="Malayan Union">Malayan Union</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1 April 1946</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a></th><td class="infobox-data">31 August 1957</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Malaysia" title="Proclamation of Malaysia">Proclamation of Malaysia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">16 September 1963</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Penang&params=05_24_52_N_100_19_45_E_region:MY_type:city">05°24′52″N 100°19′45″E / 5.41444°N 100.32917°E / 5.41444; 100.32917</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Seberang_Perai" title="Seberang Perai">Seberang Perai</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-pol-div-ethnic"> (2020)<a href="#cite_note-2020KF-1">[1]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li>41.3% <a href="/wiki/Penangite_Chinese" title="Penangite Chinese">Chinese</a></li> <li>41.1% <a href="/wiki/Bumiputera_(Malaysia)" title="Bumiputera (Malaysia)">Bumiputera</a> <ul><li>40.7% <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malays" title="Malaysian Malays">Malay</a></li> <li>0.5% <a href="/wiki/Orang_Asal" title="Orang Asal">indigenous groups</a> from <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a></li></ul></li> <li>8.9% <a href="/wiki/Malaysians_of_Indian_descent_in_Penang" title="Malaysians of Indian descent in Penang">Indian</a></li> <li>0.6% Other ethnicities</li> <li>8.1% Non-citizens</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-pol-div-religion"> (2020)<a href="#cite_note-2020KF-1">[1]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>45.5% <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Malaysia" title="Islam in Malaysia">Sunni Islam</a> (<a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">official</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Penang_State_Gov-2">[2]</a></li><li>37.6% <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Malaysia" title="Buddhism in Malaysia">Buddhism</a></li><li>8.4% <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Malaysia" title="Hinduism in Malaysia">Hinduism</a></li><li>4.3% <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Malaysia" title="Christianity in Malaysia">Christianity</a></li><li>2.4% Other religions</li><li>1.7% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">No religion</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Penangite</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">Parliamentary</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Penang" title="List of governors of Penang">Yang di-Pertua Negeri</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Fuzi_Abdul_Razak" title="Ahmad Fuzi Abdul Razak">Ahmad Fuzi Abdul Razak</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Penang" title="Chief Minister of Penang">Chief Minister</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chow_Kon_Yeow" title="Chow Kon Yeow">Chow Kon Yeow</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Harapan" title="Pakatan Harapan">PH</a>–<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Action_Party" title="Democratic Action Party">DAP</a>)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Penang_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Penang State Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,049 km2 (405 sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia#States" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">12th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-pol-div-elevation"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">24 m (79 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-pol-div-elevation"> (<a href="/wiki/Penang_Hill" title="Penang Hill">Penang Hill</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">833 m (2,733 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Penang" title="Demographics of Penang">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• 2020 census</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,740,405</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,659.11/km2 (4,297.1/sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Malaysia#Demographic_trends_and_key_rate" title="Demographics of Malaysia">3rd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">2023 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$89.925 billion (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">5th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$50,759 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">3rd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" />(nominal)</th><td class="infobox-data">2023 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$28.016 billion (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_states_by_GDP#Gross_Domestic_Product_by_state" title="List of Malaysian states by GDP">5th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$15,814 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_states_by_GDP#Gross_Domestic_Product_per_capita_by_state" title="List of Malaysian states by GDP">3rd</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" />(2022)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/20px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/40px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0.371<a href="#cite_note-dosm2024-3">[3]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>low</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" />(2023)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0.839<a href="#cite_note-MHDI_2024-4">[4]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494" />very high · <a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_states_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Malaysian states by Human Development Index">4th</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_ringgit" title="Malaysian ringgit">Malaysian ringgit</a> (RM/MYR)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B8" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+8">UTC+8</a> (<a href="/wiki/Time_in_Malaysia" title="Time in Malaysia">Malaysian Time</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date format</th><td class="infobox-data">dd-mm-yyyy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Driving side</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Left</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Calling code</th><td class="infobox-data">+604-2, +604-6, +604-8 (<a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a>) +604-3, +604-5 (<a href="/wiki/Seberang_Perai" title="Seberang Perai">Seberang Perai</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_postal_codes_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of postal codes in Malaysia">Postal code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="postal-code">10xxx–11xxx (<a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a>) 12xxx-14xxx (<a href="/wiki/Seberang_Perai" title="Seberang Perai">Seberang Perai</a>)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:MY#Current_codes" title="ISO 3166-2:MY">MY-07</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.penang.gov.my">www.penang.gov.my</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Penang<a href="#cite_note-5">[a]</a> is a <a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">Malaysian state</a> located on the northwest coast of <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia" title="Peninsular Malaysia">Peninsular Malaysia</a> along the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Malacca" title="Strait of Malacca">Strait of Malacca</a>. It has two parts: <a href="/wiki/Penang_Island" title="Penang Island">Penang Island</a>, where the capital city, <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a>, is located, and <a href="/wiki/Seberang_Perai" title="Seberang Perai">Seberang Perai</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Malay Peninsula</a>. These two halves are physically connected by the <a href="/wiki/Penang_Bridge" title="Penang Bridge">Penang Bridge</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Abdul_Halim_Muadzam_Shah_Bridge" title="Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge">Second Penang Bridge</a>. The state shares borders with <a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a> to the north and east, and <a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a> to the south. Penang is one of Malaysia's most <a href="/wiki/World_Bank_high-income_economy" title="World Bank high-income economy">developed</a> economic powerhouses, with the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_states_by_GDP#Gross_Domestic_Product_per_capita_by_state" title="List of Malaysian states by GDP">highest GDP per capita</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_states_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Malaysian states by Human Development Index">Human Development Index of all states</a>. It also ranks <a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_states_by_mean_wage_and_median_wage#Mean_salary_map" title="List of Malaysian states by mean wage and median wage">second among the states in terms of average wages</a>. Penang is <a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_states_and_municipalities_by_exports#Exports_by_state_and_federal_territory" title="List of Malaysian states and municipalities by exports">Malaysia's leading exporter</a> with over RM447 billion (US$108.94 billion) in exports in 2023, primarily through the <a href="/wiki/Penang_International_Airport" title="Penang International Airport">Penang International Airport</a> which is also the <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_Malaysia#Passenger_traffic" title="List of the busiest airports in Malaysia">nation's third busiest</a>. Established by <a href="/wiki/Francis_Light" title="Francis Light">Francis Light</a> in 1786, Penang became part of the <a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">Straits Settlements</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Crown_colony" title="Crown colony">British crown colony</a> also comprising <a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Japan occupied Penang, but the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Jurist" title="Operation Jurist">British regained control</a> in 1945. Penang was later merged with the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a> (now Malaysia), which gained independence in 1957. <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Penang" title="Economy of Penang">Penang's economy</a> shifted from <a href="/wiki/Entrep%C3%B4t" title="Entrepôt">entrepôt</a> trade to electronics manufacturing and the <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">tertiary sector</a> throughout the late 20th century. With 1.74 million residents and a population density of 1,659/km2 (4,300/sq mi) as of 2020<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit">[update]</a>, Penang is one of Malaysia's most densely populated and urbanised states.<a href="#cite_note-Malay_Mail-2022-6">[5]</a> Seberang Perai is <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Malaysia_by_population#Within_defined_boundaries" title="List of cities and towns in Malaysia by population">Malaysia's third largest city by population</a>. Penang is culturally diverse with a population that includes <a href="/wiki/Penangite_Chinese" title="Penangite Chinese">Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malays" title="Malaysian Malays">Malays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysians_of_Indian_descent_in_Penang" title="Malaysians of Indian descent in Penang">Indians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kristang_people" title="Kristang people">Eurasians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Siamese" title="Malaysian Siamese">Siamese</a> and expatriates. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a>]</div> The name Penang comes from the modern <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> name Pulau Pinang which means '<a href="/wiki/Areca_nut" title="Areca nut">areca nut</a> island'.<a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a> Penang is also colloquially referred to as the "Pearl of the Orient" and "The Island of Pearls" (<a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>: Pulau Mutiara).<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a> Over the course of history, <a href="/wiki/Penang_Island" title="Penang Island">Penang Island</a> had been known by different names by seafarers from various regions. The locals named it Pulo Ka Satu, meaning "The First Island", as it was the largest island on the maritime route between <a href="/wiki/Lingga_Regency" title="Lingga Regency">Lingga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ayutthaya_Kingdom" title="Ayutthaya Kingdom">Siamese</a>, who were the overlords of Kedah, called it Ko Mak (<a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: เกาะหมาก).<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> Maritime explorers also took note of the island's abundance of areca nut. During the 15th century, <a href="/wiki/Zheng_He" title="Zheng He">Admiral Zheng He</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming China</a> referred to the island as Bīngláng Yǔ (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%AA%B3%E6%A6%94%E5%B6%BC" class="extiw" title="wikt:檳榔嶼">檳榔嶼</a>; <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A7%9F%E6%A6%94%E5%B1%BF" class="extiw" title="wikt:槟榔屿">槟榔屿</a>; <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">Pe̍h-ōe-jī</a>: Pin-nn̂g-sū; <abbr title="Literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'areca nut island') in his navigational charts.<a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a> In the Description of Malacca, Portuguese cartographer <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Godinho_de_Er%C3%A9dia" title="Manuel Godinho de Erédia">Manuel Godinho de Erédia</a> named it Pulo Pinaom.<a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Penang" title="History of Penang">History of Penang</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:23em; ; font-size: 90%; color: #202122;background-color: #FFE0AF;"> <div class="quotebox-title" style="color: #202122;background-color: #FFE0AF;">Historical affiliations</div> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">British East India Company</a> 1786–1858 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a> 1858–1867 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_British_Straits_Settlements_%281925%E2%80%931946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_British_Straits_Settlements_%281925%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_British_Straits_Settlements_%281925%E2%80%931946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_British_Straits_Settlements_%281925%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_British_Straits_Settlements_%281925%E2%80%931946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_British_Straits_Settlements_%281925%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">Straits Settlements</a> 1826–1941; 1945–1946 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a> 1941–1945 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Malaya_%281896%E2%80%931950%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Malaya_%281896%E2%80%931950%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Malaya_%281896%E2%80%931950%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Malaya_%281896%E2%80%931950%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Union" title="Malayan Union">Malayan Union</a> 1946–1948 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Malaya_%281950%E2%80%931963%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaya_%281950%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Malaya_%281950%E2%80%931963%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaya_%281950%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Malaya_%281950%E2%80%931963%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaya_%281950%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="550" /> <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a> 1948–1963 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> 1963–present </blockquote> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history">edit</a>]</div> Archaeologists have discovered human remains such as the "Penang Woman", along with seashells, pottery and stone tools, in <a href="/wiki/Seberang_Perai" title="Seberang Perai">Seberang Perai</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> The artefacts indicate that around 5,000 to 6,000 years ago, Penang was inhabited by nomadic <a href="/wiki/Melanesians" title="Melanesians">Melanesians</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> era.<a href="#cite_note-TODAY-2017-15">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Star-2017c-16">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pali" title="Pali">Pali</a> inscriptions on the <a href="/wiki/Cherok_Tok_Kun" title="Cherok Tok Kun">Cherok Tok Kun</a> <a href="/wiki/Megalith" title="Megalith">megalith</a> suggest the <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindu</a>-<a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> <a href="/wiki/Bujang_Valley" title="Bujang Valley">Bujang Valley</a> civilisation, based in present-day <a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a>, held authority over parts of <a href="/wiki/Seberang_Perai" title="Seberang Perai">Seberang Perai</a> by the 6th century.<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a> The entirety of Penang later formed part of <a href="/wiki/Kedah_Sultanate" title="Kedah Sultanate">Kedah</a>, which came under <a href="/wiki/Rattanakosin_Kingdom_(1782%E2%80%931932)" title="Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)">Siamese</a> <a href="/wiki/Suzerainty" title="Suzerainty">suzerainty</a> by the late 18th century.<a href="#cite_note-Bisalputra-2020-19">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment_and_British_rule">Establishment and British rule</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Establishment and British rule">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_George_Town,_Penang" title="History of George Town, Penang">History of George Town, Penang</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Penang.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Penang.gif/220px-Penang.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Penang.gif/330px-Penang.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Penang.gif/440px-Penang.gif 2x" data-file-width="461" data-file-height="604" /></a><figcaption>British acquisition and expansion of Penang (in yellow) occurred between 1786 and 1874, when the final alterations to Penang's boundaries were enacted.<a href="#cite_note-nas.gov.sg-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-22">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a></figcaption></figure> Penang's modern history began in 1786 when <a href="/wiki/Francis_Light" title="Francis Light">Francis Light</a>, a representative of the British <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> (EIC), obtained <a href="/wiki/Penang_Island" title="Penang Island">Penang Island</a> from Sultan <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Mukarram_Shah_of_Kedah" title="Abdullah Mukarram Shah of Kedah">Abdullah Mukarram Shah</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kedah_Sultanate" title="Kedah Sultanate">Kedah</a> in exchange for military aid. Light had been sent to the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Malay Peninsula</a> by the EIC to build trade relations in the region, where he saw the strategic potential of Penang Island as a "convenient magazine for trade" that could enable the British to check Dutch and French territorial ambitions in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> After negotiating an agreement with the Sultan, Light and his entourage landed on Penang Island on 17 July that year and took formal possession of the island "in the name of King <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">George III</a> of England" on 11 August.<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> The island was renamed Prince of Wales Island after the <a href="/wiki/George_IV" title="George IV">heir to the British throne</a> and the new settlement of <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a> was established in honour of King George III.<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> Unbeknownst to Sultan Abdullah, Light had acted without the authority or the consent of his superiors in <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">India</a>. When the EIC reneged on military protection, the Sultan launched an attempt to recapture the Prince of Wales Island in 1791. However, the attempt was defeated by EIC forces and the Sultan sued for peace.<a href="#cite_note-Ooi-2015-27">[26]</a> An annual payment of 6,000 Spanish dollars was agreed in exchange for British sovereignty over the island.<a href="#cite_note-Jenkins-2008-28">[27]</a> In 1800, <a href="/wiki/George_Alexander_William_Leith" title="George Alexander William Leith">Lieutenant-Governor George Leith</a> secured a strip of <a href="/wiki/Hinterland" title="Hinterland">hinterland</a> across the <a href="/wiki/Penang_Strait" title="Penang Strait">Penang Strait</a>, which was subsequently named Province Wellesley (now <a href="/wiki/Seberang_Perai" title="Seberang Perai">Seberang Perai</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Jenkins-2008-28">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> The EIC gained permanent sovereignty over both Prince of Wales Island and the new mainland territory, while the annual payment to the Sultan of Kedah was increased to 10,000 Spanish dollars.<a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a> The British and Malaysian governments maintained the annual payments to Kedah until 2018, when the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Malaysia" title="Government of Malaysia">Malaysian federal government</a> increased the amount by RM10 million yearly.<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KITLV_-_80020_-_Kleingrothe,_C.J._-_Medan_-_Quay_in_Penang_-_circa_1910.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/KITLV_-_80020_-_Kleingrothe%2C_C.J._-_Medan_-_Quay_in_Penang_-_circa_1910.tif/lossy-page1-220px-KITLV_-_80020_-_Kleingrothe%2C_C.J._-_Medan_-_Quay_in_Penang_-_circa_1910.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/KITLV_-_80020_-_Kleingrothe%2C_C.J._-_Medan_-_Quay_in_Penang_-_circa_1910.tif/lossy-page1-330px-KITLV_-_80020_-_Kleingrothe%2C_C.J._-_Medan_-_Quay_in_Penang_-_circa_1910.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/KITLV_-_80020_-_Kleingrothe%2C_C.J._-_Medan_-_Quay_in_Penang_-_circa_1910.tif/lossy-page1-440px-KITLV_-_80020_-_Kleingrothe%2C_C.J._-_Medan_-_Quay_in_Penang_-_circa_1910.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4838" data-file-height="3238" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Penang" title="Port of Penang">Port of Penang</a> in <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1910. Port functions were eventually relocated to <a href="/wiki/Seberang_Perai" title="Seberang Perai">Seberang Perai</a> in 1974.<a href="#cite_note-Jou-2014-33">[32]</a></figcaption></figure> George Town grew rapidly as a <a href="/wiki/Free_economic_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Free economic zone">free port</a> and a conduit for <a href="/wiki/Spice_trade" title="Spice trade">spice trade</a>, diverting maritime commerce away from <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch</a> outposts in the region.<a href="#cite_note-Jackson20132-34">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> In 1805, Penang became a separate <a href="/wiki/Presidencies_and_provinces_of_British_India" title="Presidencies and provinces of British India">presidency</a> of <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a>, sharing similar status with <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Presidency" title="Bombay Presidency">Bombay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madras_Presidency" title="Madras Presidency">Madras</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> By 1808, George Town had established its local government, while the founding of the <a href="/wiki/Penang_High_Court" title="Penang High Court">Supreme Court of Penang</a> marked the birth of Malaysia's modern judiciary.<a href="#cite_note-Koay-2014-38">[37]</a> In 1826, George Town was made the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">Straits Settlements</a> which included <a href="/wiki/Singapore_in_the_Straits_Settlements" title="Singapore in the Straits Settlements">Singapore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a>. As Singapore soon supplanted George Town as the region's premier <a href="/wiki/Entrep%C3%B4t" title="Entrepôt">entrepôt</a>, Singapore became the capital instead in 1832.<a href="#cite_note-NLB-2024-39">[38]</a> Despite its secondary importance to Singapore, George Town retained its importance as a vital British entrepôt.<a href="#cite_note-Turnbull-2012-40">[39]</a> Towards the end of the 19th century, it became a major tin exporter and <a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">Malaya</a>'s primary financial centre.<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-Langdon-2014-43">[42]</a> Penang's prosperity attracted a cosmopolitan population comprising <a href="/wiki/Penangite_Chinese" title="Penangite Chinese">Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malays_(ethnic_group)" title="Malays (ethnic group)">Malay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysians_of_Indian_descent_in_Penang" title="Malaysians of Indian descent in Penang">Indian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peranakan_Chinese" title="Peranakan Chinese">Peranakan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Siamese" title="Malaysian Siamese">Siamese</a> and migrants of mixed European-Asian lineage referred to as "<a href="/wiki/Kristang_people" title="Kristang people">Eurasians</a>", and led to the development of hitherto rural areas such as <a href="/wiki/Butterworth,_Seberang_Perai" title="Butterworth, Seberang Perai">Butterworth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bukit_Mertajam" title="Bukit Mertajam">Bukit Mertajam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Chan-44">[43]</a> However, the population growth created social problems such as inadequate sanitation, health facilities and rampant crime, culminating in <a href="/wiki/1867_Penang_riots" title="1867 Penang riots">street violence and rioting in 1867</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ooi-19912-45">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> The Straits Settlements <a href="/wiki/Transfer_of_the_Straits_Settlements" title="Transfer of the Straits Settlements">became a British crown colony</a> within the same year.<a href="#cite_note-Koh-2024-48">[47]</a> Direct British rule led to improved law enforcement, and investments in health care and public transportation in Penang.<a href="#cite_note-Turnbull-2012-40">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ooi-19912-45">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> Owing to enhanced access to education, active participation of Asian residents in municipal affairs and substantial press freedom, George Town was perceived as being more intellectually receptive than Singapore.<a href="#cite_note-Turnbull-2012-40">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-Goh-2014-50">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> The settlement attracted intellectuals and revolutionaries, including <a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a>, <a href="/wiki/W._Somerset_Maugham" title="W. Somerset Maugham">Somerset Maugham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun Yat-sen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Turnbull-2012-40">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-Reuters-2007-53">[52]</a> In 1910, Sun selected George Town as the centre for the <a href="/wiki/Tongmenghui" title="Tongmenghui">Tongmenghui</a>'s political activities in Southeast Asia, aimed at overthrowing the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters-2007-53">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_wars">World wars</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: World wars">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Marines_Parade_in_Penang_(5316034010).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Royal_Marines_Parade_in_Penang_%285316034010%29.jpg/250px-Royal_Marines_Parade_in_Penang_%285316034010%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Royal_Marines_Parade_in_Penang_%285316034010%29.jpg/330px-Royal_Marines_Parade_in_Penang_%285316034010%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Royal_Marines_Parade_in_Penang_%285316034010%29.jpg/500px-Royal_Marines_Parade_in_Penang_%285316034010%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2496" data-file-height="1950" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines">British Royal Marines</a> liberating <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a> on 3 September 1945.</figcaption></figure>Penang emerged from <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> relatively unscathed, apart from the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Penang" title="Battle of Penang">Battle of Penang</a> during which the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_German_Navy" title="Imperial German Navy">Imperial German Navy</a> cruiser <a href="/wiki/SMS_Emden_(1908)" class="mw-redirect" title="SMS Emden (1908)">SMS Emden</a> sank two <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allied</a> warships off George Town.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">interwar years</a>, the British had acknowledged the need to fortify their armed forces in northern Malaya. However, complacency and lack of resources left British forces ill-prepared to confront the Japanese invasion at the onset of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a>. Although Penang Island had been designated as a fortress, Penang fell without struggle to the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese Army</a> on 19 December 1941 after daily aerial attacks.<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> The British covertly evacuated Penang's European populace; historian Raymond Callahan since contended that "the moral collapse of British rule in Southeast Asia came not at Singapore, but at Penang".<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> Penang Island was subsequently renamed Tojo-to after <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Tojo" title="Hideki Tojo">Prime Minister Hideki Tojo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kempeitai" title="Kempeitai">Japanese military police</a> imposed order by massacring <a href="/wiki/Penangite_Chinese" title="Penangite Chinese">Chinese civilians</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Sook_Ching" title="Sook Ching">Sook Ching</a> policy, while women were forced into <a href="/wiki/Comfort_women" title="Comfort women">sexual slavery</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> <a href="/wiki/Swettenham_Pier" title="Swettenham Pier">Swettenham Pier</a> was converted into a major submarine base by the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis Powers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> Between 1944 and 1945, Allied bombers from India <a href="/wiki/Air_raids_on_Penang" title="Air raids on Penang">targeted naval and administrative buildings in George Town</a>, damaging and destroying several colonial buildings in the process.<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Penang_Strait" title="Penang Strait">Penang Strait</a> was mined to restrict Japanese shipping.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> Following <a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">Japan's surrender</a>, George Town was the first Malayan settlement liberated by <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines">British marines</a> through <a href="/wiki/Operation_Jurist" title="Operation Jurist">Operation Jurist</a> on 3 September 1945.<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-war_years">Post-war years</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Post-war years">edit</a>]</div> Penang was placed under <a href="/wiki/British_Military_Administration_(Malaya)" title="British Military Administration (Malaya)">British military administration</a> until 1946, after which the <a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">Straits Settlements</a> was abolished. The British sought to consolidate the various political entities in <a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">British Malaya</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Penang" title="Crown Colony of Penang">Crown Colony of Penang</a>, under a single polity known as the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Union" title="Malayan Union">Malayan Union</a>. Initially, the impending annexation of Penang into the vast Malay heartland proved unpopular among Penangites.<a href="#cite_note-Koay-2016b-67">[66]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Penang_secessionist_movement" title="Penang secessionist movement">Penang Secessionist Committee</a> was formed in 1948 due to economic and ethnic concerns, but their attempt to avert Penang's merger with Malaya was unsuccessful due to British disapproval.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-Christie-1998-69">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-Koay-2016a-70">[69]</a> To relieve the concerns raised by the secessionists, the British government guaranteed George Town's free port status and <a href="/wiki/1951_Malayan_local_elections#Municipal_election" title="1951 Malayan local elections">reintroduced municipal elections</a> in 1951.<a href="#cite_note-Koay-2014-38">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-Koay-2016a-70">[69]</a> George Town became the first fully-elected municipality in Malaya by 1956 and was granted city status by Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> in the following year. This made George Town the first city within the Federation of Malaya, and by extension, Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-Wong-2013-71">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-independence_era">Post-independence era</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Post-independence era">edit</a>]</div> George Town's status as a free port was rescinded by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Malaysia" title="Government of Malaysia">Malaysian federal government</a> in 1969.<a href="#cite_note-Goh-2014-50">[49]</a> This led to a loss of maritime trade, causing massive unemployment and <a href="/wiki/Human_capital_flight" title="Human capital flight">brain drain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Goh-2014-50">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ooi-2009-72">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> To revive the economy, <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Penang" title="Chief Minister of Penang">Chief Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Lim_Chong_Eu" title="Lim Chong Eu">Lim Chong Eu</a> established the <a href="/wiki/Bayan_Lepas_Free_Industrial_Zone" title="Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone">Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone</a> in 1972.<a href="#cite_note-Athukorala-2012-74">[73]</a> Massive industrialisation proved instrumental in reversing Penang's economic slump and led to the state's rapid economic growth until the late 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-Athukorala-2012-74">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-Teh-2016-75">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ooi-2010-76">[75]</a> Under Lim's tenure, the <a href="/wiki/Penang_Bridge" title="Penang Bridge">Penang Bridge</a>, the first road link between Penang Island and the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Malay Peninsula</a>, was built. Persistent brain drain, aggravated by federal policies prioritising the growth of Kuala Lumpur, resulted in Penang losing its leading position in the national economy by the 21st century.<a href="#cite_note-Goh-2014-50">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> This decline, compounded by various issues including incoherent urban planning, poor traffic management and the dilapidation of George Town's heritage enclave following the repeal of the Rent Control Act in 2001, contributed to growing dissatisfaction within Penang's society.<a href="#cite_note-Jou-2014-33">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jayaratnam-2008-78">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a> In response, civil societies in George Town mobilised public support to rejuvenate the city.<a href="#cite_note-Goh-2014-50">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-Li-2011-81">[80]</a> Resentment against the <a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a> (BN) administration led to the <a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Rakyat" title="Pakatan Rakyat">Pakatan Rakyat</a> bloc (now <a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Harapan" title="Pakatan Harapan">Pakatan Harapan</a>) rising to power through the <a href="/wiki/2008_Penang_state_election" title="2008 Penang state election">2008 state election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Jayaratnam-2008-78">[77]</a> Efforts to preserve George Town's heritage architecture led to the city's historical core being designated as a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/Historic_Cities_of_the_Straits_of_Malacca#George_Town" title="Historic Cities of the Straits of Malacca">World Heritage Site</a> that year.<a href="#cite_note-Li-2011-81">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-2008-82">[81]</a> <div class="center"><div class="thumb tnone" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:-moz-fit-content; width:fit-content;"><div class="thumbimage noresize" style="width:auto;"> <div style="width:100%; overflow-x:auto;"><div class=""> <div style="width: 800px; height: 360px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -30px; left: -0px; width: 800px"><div class="noresize"><a href="/wiki/File:Skyline_of_George_Town,_Penang_at_night_Nov2024-29-17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Skyline of George Town, Penang at night Nov2024-29-17.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Skyline_of_George_Town%2C_Penang_at_night_Nov2024-29-17.jpg/960px-Skyline_of_George_Town%2C_Penang_at_night_Nov2024-29-17.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="450" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Skyline_of_George_Town%2C_Penang_at_night_Nov2024-29-17.jpg/1200px-Skyline_of_George_Town%2C_Penang_at_night_Nov2024-29-17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Skyline_of_George_Town%2C_Penang_at_night_Nov2024-29-17.jpg/1600px-Skyline_of_George_Town%2C_Penang_at_night_Nov2024-29-17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7994" data-file-height="4496" /></a></div></div> </div> </div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption">Skyline of <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a> at night <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 2024</div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance_and_politics">Governance and politics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Governance and politics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Penang" title="Government of Penang">Government of Penang</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_State_of_Penang" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of the State of Penang">Constitution of the State of Penang</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:248px;max-width:248px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Current leaders</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:122px;max-width:122px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Ahmad_Fuzi_Abdul_Razak_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Ahmad_Fuzi_Abdul_Razak_2022.jpg/120px-Ahmad_Fuzi_Abdul_Razak_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Ahmad_Fuzi_Abdul_Razak_2022.jpg/180px-Ahmad_Fuzi_Abdul_Razak_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Ahmad_Fuzi_Abdul_Razak_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="293" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Fuzi_Abdul_Razak" title="Ahmad Fuzi Abdul Razak">Ahmad Fuzi Abdul Razak</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Penang" title="List of governors of Penang">Governor</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:122px;max-width:122px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Chow_Kon_Yeow_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Chow_Kon_Yeow_2019.jpg/120px-Chow_Kon_Yeow_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Chow_Kon_Yeow_2019.jpg/250px-Chow_Kon_Yeow_2019.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1399" data-file-height="1866" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Chow_Kon_Yeow" title="Chow Kon Yeow">Chow Kon Yeow</a> <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Penang" title="Chief Minister of Penang">Chief Minister</a></div></div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seri_Mutiara_in_George_Town,_Penang_2025.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Seri_Mutiara_in_George_Town%2C_Penang_2025.jpg/250px-Seri_Mutiara_in_George_Town%2C_Penang_2025.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Seri_Mutiara_in_George_Town%2C_Penang_2025.jpg/330px-Seri_Mutiara_in_George_Town%2C_Penang_2025.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Seri_Mutiara_in_George_Town%2C_Penang_2025.jpg/500px-Seri_Mutiara_in_George_Town%2C_Penang_2025.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7925" data-file-height="5944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Residency,_Penang" title="The Residency, Penang">Seri Mutiara</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Official_residence" title="Official residence">official residence</a> of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Penang" title="List of governors of Penang">Governor of Penang</a></figcaption></figure> Penang, a former <a href="/wiki/Crown_colony" title="Crown colony">British crown colony</a>, is one of the four <a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">Malaysian states</a> without hereditary monarchies. The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_State_of_Penang" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of the State of Penang">Constitution of Penang</a>, codified in 1957, is the state's highest law, consisting of 42 articles that govern the proceedings and powers of the state government.<a href="#cite_note-Penang_State_Gov-2">[2]</a> The head of state is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Penang" title="List of governors of Penang">Governor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>: Yang di-Pertua Negeri), who is appointed by the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Malaysia" title="King of Malaysia">King of Malaysia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Fuzi_Abdul_Razak" title="Ahmad Fuzi Abdul Razak">Ahmad Fuzi Abdul Razak</a> is the current Governor of Penang, having assumed office in 2021. In practice, the Governor's role is largely symbolic and ceremonial. This includes the authority to appoint the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Penang" title="Chief Minister of Penang">head of government</a> and approve legislation that has been passed by the state's legislature.<a href="#cite_note-Penang_State_Gov-2023-83">[82]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Penang" title="Government of Penang">Penang state government</a> has its own executive body and legislature, but their powers are limited compared to the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Malaysia" title="Government of Malaysia">Malaysian federal government</a>. According to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia" title="Constitution of Malaysia">Federal Constitution</a>, the state can legislate on matters pertaining to Malay customs, land, agriculture and forestry, local government, civil and water works, and state administration. Matters falling under the joint purview of state and federal authorities include social welfare, wildlife protection and national parks, scholarships, husbandry, town planning, drainage and irrigation, and public health regulations.<a href="#cite_note-Constitution-84">[83]</a> The 40-member <a href="/wiki/Penang_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Penang State Legislative Assembly">Penang State Legislative Assembly</a> forms the state's legislature and is elected for a maximum term of five years from single-member constituencies through <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Penang" title="Elections in Penang">state elections</a>. Compared to the rest of <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia" title="Peninsular Malaysia">Peninsular Malaysia</a>, Penang's electoral landscape is perceived as being more liberal and distinct due to the state's ethnic diversity and socio-economic development.<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chew-2008-86">[85]</a> Unlike other Peninsular states, <a href="/wiki/Penangite_Chinese" title="Penangite Chinese">ethnic Chinese</a> have formed the plurality in Penang for decades, and the state's economic infrastructure is based primarily on commerce and trade rather than agriculture.<a href="#cite_note-Chew-2008-86">[85]</a> As of 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit">[update]</a>, non-Malays formed the majority in 25 of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_electoral_districts_in_Penang" title="List of electoral districts in Penang">40 state constituencies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hutchinson-2023-87">[86]</a> Thus, non-Malay electoral support is crucial to any political coalition aiming for power in Penang.<a href="#cite_note-Chew-2008-86">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hutchinson-2023-87">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executive">Executive</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Executive">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Komtar_at_dusk,_George_Town,_Penang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Komtar_at_dusk%2C_George_Town%2C_Penang.jpg/250px-Komtar_at_dusk%2C_George_Town%2C_Penang.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Komtar_at_dusk%2C_George_Town%2C_Penang.jpg/330px-Komtar_at_dusk%2C_George_Town%2C_Penang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Komtar_at_dusk%2C_George_Town%2C_Penang.jpg/500px-Komtar_at_dusk%2C_George_Town%2C_Penang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="4096" /></a><figcaption>The 68-storey <a href="/wiki/Komtar" title="Komtar">Komtar Tower</a> in <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a> also houses the Office of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chief_Ministers_of_Penang" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chief Ministers of Penang">Chief Minister of Penang</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Penang_State_Executive_Council" title="Penang State Executive Council">Penang State Executive Council</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Penang" title="Chief Minister of Penang">Chief Minister of Penang</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Penang_State_Executive_Council" title="Penang State Executive Council">Penang State Executive Council</a> is the executive authority of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Penang" title="Government of Penang">Penang state government</a>, similar in function to the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Malaysia" title="Cabinet of Malaysia">federal Cabinet</a>. It is led by the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Penang" title="Chief Minister of Penang">Chief Minister</a>, who serves as the head of government in Penang. To this day, Penang remains the only Malaysian state where the position of the head of government has been continuously held by an <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese" title="Malaysian Chinese">ethnic Chinese</a> since the nation's independence.<a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> Additionally, Penang was the first state to impose a two-term limit for the head of government's tenure.<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> The current Chief Minister of Penang is <a href="/wiki/Chow_Kon_Yeow" title="Chow Kon Yeow">Chow Kon Yeow</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Action_Party" title="Democratic Action Party">Democratic Action Party</a> (DAP), having assumed office after the <a href="/wiki/2018_Penang_state_election" title="2018 Penang state election">2018 state election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislature">Legislature</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Legislature">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Penang_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Penang State Legislative Assembly">Penang State Legislative Assembly</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_electoral_districts_in_Penang" title="List of electoral districts in Penang">List of electoral districts in Penang</a></div> The unicameral 40-seat <a href="/wiki/Penang_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Penang State Legislative Assembly">Penang State Legislative Assembly</a>, whose members are called State Assemblymen, convenes at the <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">neoclassical</a> <a href="/wiki/Penang_State_Assembly_Building" title="Penang State Assembly Building">State Assembly Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a>. Penang practises the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_system" title="Westminster system">Westminster system</a> whereby the <a href="/wiki/Penang_State_Executive_Council" title="Penang State Executive Council">State Executive Council</a> members are appointed from the elected State Assemblymen. Any amendment to <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_State_of_Penang" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of the State of Penang">Penang's Constitution</a> requires the support of at least two-thirds of the State Legislative Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-Penang_State_Gov-2">[2]</a> Prior to a state election, it is customary to dissolve the legislature, which necessitates the consent of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Penang" title="List of governors of Penang">Governor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Penang_State_Gov-2023-83">[82]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2023_Penang_state_election" title="2023 Penang state election">2023 state election</a> witnessed an unprecedented alliance between <a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Harapan" title="Pakatan Harapan">Pakatan Harapan</a> (PH) and its erstwhile adversaries <a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a> (BN).<a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a> The PH–BN alliance currently commands a <a href="/wiki/Supermajority" title="Supermajority">supermajority</a> in the State Legislative Assembly, controlling 29 out of the 40 seats. However, the election also saw the <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">right-wing</a> <a href="/wiki/Perikatan_Nasional" title="Perikatan Nasional">Perikatan Nasional</a> (PN) opposition bloc gaining ground in the rural Malay-majority constituencies, occupying the remaining 11 seats in the legislature.<a href="#cite_note-Hutchinson-2023-87">[86]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/File:DUN_Penang_2023.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/DUN_Penang_2023.svg/360px-DUN_Penang_2023.svg.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/DUN_Penang_2023.svg/540px-DUN_Penang_2023.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/DUN_Penang_2023.svg/720px-DUN_Penang_2023.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2">Affiliation </th> <th rowspan="2">Coalition/Party Leader </th> <th rowspan="2">Status </th> <th colspan="2">Seats </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2023_Penang_state_election" title="2023 Penang state election">2023 election</a> </th> <th>Current </th></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" />  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" />  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Harapan" title="Pakatan Harapan">Pakatan Harapan</a> <a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chow_Kon_Yeow" title="Chow Kon Yeow">Chow Kon Yeow</a> </td> <td>Government </td> <td>29 </td> <td>29 </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" />  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Perikatan_Nasional" title="Perikatan Nasional">Perikatan Nasional</a> </td> <td>Muhammad Fauzi Yusoff<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Opposition_(Malaysia)#State_Legislative_Assemblies" title="Opposition (Malaysia)">Opposition</a> </td> <td>11 </td> <td>11 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Total </th> <th>40 </th> <th>40 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Government majority </th> <th>18 </th> <th>18 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_governments">Local governments</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Local governments">edit</a>]</div> Penang is further divided into two city-level municipalities, each administered by a <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Malaysia" title="Local government in Malaysia">local government</a>. The local governments exercise power in areas such as planning and development control, public housing, public spaces, waste disposal, business licensing, markets, local transport, and municipal roads.<a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Penang_Island_City_Council" title="Penang Island City Council">Penang Island City Council</a> (MBPP) administers the city of <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a>, which includes the entirety of <a href="/wiki/Penang_Island" title="Penang Island">Penang Island</a>. It is made up of a <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Penang_Island" title="Mayor of Penang Island">mayor</a>, a city secretary and 24 councillors.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Seberang_Perai_City_Council" title="Seberang Perai City Council">Seberang Perai City Council</a> (MBSP) is in charge of <a href="/wiki/Seberang_Perai" title="Seberang Perai">Seberang Perai</a>. Similar in structure to the MBPP, it also consists of a mayor, a city secretary and 24 councillors.</li></ul> Penang is also divided into five administrative districts – two in George Town and three in Seberang Perai. Each district is headed by a district officer. The lands and district office in each district deals with land taxation, thus differing from local governments that manage urban administration and maintenance of infrastructure.<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a> After <a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Rakyat" title="Pakatan Rakyat">Pakatan Rakyat</a> was <a href="/wiki/2008_Penang_state_election" title="2008 Penang state election">voted into power in 2008</a>, the newly-elected state government attempted to reinstate local government elections within Penang, which have been suspended since the 1960s.<a href="#cite_note-Gooi-2022-96">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-Abdullah-2023-97">[96]</a> At the time, the <a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a>-controlled <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Malaysia" title="Government of Malaysia">federal government</a> objected to the move, which eventually led to the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Court_of_Malaysia" title="Federal Court of Malaysia">Federal Court</a>'s decision that local government elections do not fall under the jurisdiction of state governments.<a href="#cite_note-Gooi-2022-96">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judiciary">Judiciary</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Judiciary">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Penang_High_Court_(I).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Penang_High_Court_%28I%29.jpg/250px-Penang_High_Court_%28I%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Penang_High_Court_%28I%29.jpg/330px-Penang_High_Court_%28I%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Penang_High_Court_%28I%29.jpg/500px-Penang_High_Court_%28I%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5110" data-file-height="3407" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Penang_High_Court" title="Penang High Court">Penang High Court</a> building in <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a> was built in 1903.<a href="#cite_note-Hockton-2012-99">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a></figcaption></figure> The present-day <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Malaysia" title="Judiciary of Malaysia">Malaysian judicial system</a> traces its roots to 19th-century <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Federal_Court_Malaysia-2016-101">[100]</a> In 1807, Penang was granted a <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">Royal Charter</a> which paved the way for the establishment of a Supreme Court.<a href="#cite_note-Ooi-2015-27">[26]</a> In the following year, the Supreme Court of Penang (now <a href="/wiki/Penang_High_Court" title="Penang High Court">Penang High Court</a>) was inaugurated at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Cornwallis" title="Fort Cornwallis">Fort Cornwallis</a> with the appointment of <a href="/wiki/Edmond_Stanley" title="Edmond Stanley">Edmond Stanley</a> as the first Recorder. The Penang High Court serves as the highest court in the state. Notable lawyers who served the high court include <a href="/wiki/Tunku_Abdul_Rahman" title="Tunku Abdul Rahman">Tunku Abdul Rahman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Rajendra" title="Cecil Rajendra">Cecil Rajendra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karpal_Singh" title="Karpal Singh">Karpal Singh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hockton-2012-99">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-Borneo_Post-2014-102">[101]</a> There are also four Magistrates Courts and two Sessions Courts throughout Penang.<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Foreign relations">edit</a>]</div> Penang is home to the largest contingent of foreign diplomatic missions among <a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">Malaysian states</a>. As of 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit">[update]</a>, a total of 27 countries have either established consulates or appointed honorary consuls within Penang.<a href="#cite_note-Okt-104">[103]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Penang" title="Government of Penang">Penang state government</a> has also inked a sister state agreement with Japan's <a href="/wiki/Kanagawa_Prefecture" title="Kanagawa Prefecture">Kanagawa Prefecture</a> and a friendship state partnership with China's <a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan Province</a>.<a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Consulates">Consulates</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Consulates">edit</a>]</div> This list is based on information from the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Malaysia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Malaysia)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a>, unless otherwise cited.<a href="#cite_note-Okt-104">[103]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Security">Security</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Security">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cope_Taufan_140618-F-XT249-549.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Cope_Taufan_140618-F-XT249-549.jpg/250px-Cope_Taufan_140618-F-XT249-549.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Cope_Taufan_140618-F-XT249-549.jpg/330px-Cope_Taufan_140618-F-XT249-549.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Cope_Taufan_140618-F-XT249-549.jpg/500px-Cope_Taufan_140618-F-XT249-549.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4787" data-file-height="3186" /></a><figcaption>Fighter jets from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Malaysian_Air_Force" title="Royal Malaysian Air Force">Royal Malaysian Air Force</a> (RMAF) and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a> (USAF) over <a href="/wiki/RMAF_Butterworth_Air_Base" title="RMAF Butterworth Air Base">RMAF Butterworth Air Base</a></figcaption></figure> In 1861, the <a href="/wiki/Penang_and_Province_Wellesley_Volunteer_Corps" title="Penang and Province Wellesley Volunteer Corps">Penang and Province Wellesley Volunteer Corps</a> (P&PWVC) was established as the second <a href="/wiki/Volunteer_military" title="Volunteer military">volunteer military force</a> in <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Malaya</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Singapore_Volunteer_Corps" title="Singapore Volunteer Corps">Singapore Volunteer Corps</a>. Initially, the unit was exclusively formed by Europeans, with other races being barred until 1899.<a href="#cite_note-Beckett-2005-107">[106]</a> Over time, the P&PWVC transformed into the 3rd Battalion of the <a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements_Volunteer_Force" title="Straits Settlements Volunteer Force">Straits Settlements Volunteer Force</a> (SSVF) and by 1937, the unit also contained a European machine gun platoon, a Malay rifle company, a medical section and headquarters reserve. Although enlistment increased prior to the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_campaign" title="Malayan campaign">Japanese invasion of Malaya</a>, 3rd Battalion SSVF was eventually evacuated from Penang without engaging in any combat.<a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a> Since independence, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Malaysia" title="Government of Malaysia">Malaysian federal government</a> assumes sole responsibility for the country's defence.<a href="#cite_note-Constitution-84">[83]</a> Penang houses the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Army" title="Malaysian Army">Malaysian Army</a>'s 2nd Battalion of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Malay_Regiment" title="Royal Malay Regiment">Royal Malay Regiment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rejimen_Askar_Wataniah" title="Rejimen Askar Wataniah">Rejimen 509 Askar Wataniah</a>, which traces its lineage back to the P&PWVC.<a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Malaysian_Navy" title="Royal Malaysian Navy">Royal Malaysian Navy</a> maintains a volunteer reserve base in <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a> <a href="/wiki/RMAF_Butterworth_Air_Base" title="RMAF Butterworth Air Base">RMAF Butterworth Air Base</a> also serves as the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Five_Power_Defence_Arrangements" title="Five Power Defence Arrangements">Five Power Defence Arrangements</a> Integrated Area Defence System (HQIADS).<a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a> The air base continues to host Australian air force and army units on a rotational basis, including <a href="/wiki/Rifle_Company_Butterworth" title="Rifle Company Butterworth">Rifle Company Butterworth</a>.<a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Calflier001_George_Town_Penang_aerial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Calflier001_George_Town_Penang_aerial.jpg/200px-Calflier001_George_Town_Penang_aerial.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Calflier001_George_Town_Penang_aerial.jpg/300px-Calflier001_George_Town_Penang_aerial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Calflier001_George_Town_Penang_aerial.jpg/400px-Calflier001_George_Town_Penang_aerial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a> is physically separated from <a href="/wiki/Butterworth,_Penang" class="mw-redirect" title="Butterworth, Penang">Butterworth</a> (bottom) by the <a href="/wiki/Penang_Strait" title="Penang Strait">Penang Strait</a>.</figcaption></figure> With a land area of only 1,049 km2 (405 sq mi), Penang is the second smallest <a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">state in Malaysia</a> after <a href="/wiki/Perlis" title="Perlis">Perlis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Penang_Institute-2020-114">[113]</a> It is located on the northwestern coastline of Peninsular Malaysia, lying between latitudes 5.59° and 5.12°N, and longitudes 100.17° and 100.56°E. The state is divided into two major halves by the <a href="/wiki/Penang_Strait" title="Penang Strait">Penang Strait</a>, which is only 3 km (1.9 mi) wide at the narrowest point and 13 km (8.1 mi) at its widest.<a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penang_Island" title="Penang Island">Penang Island</a>, a 295 km2 (114 sq mi) island.<a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seberang_Perai" title="Seberang Perai">Seberang Perai</a>, a 748 km2 (289 sq mi) hinterland on the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Malay Peninsula</a>. It shares land borders with <a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a> to the north and east, and <a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a> to the south.<a href="#cite_note-Penang_Institute-2020-114">[113]</a></li></ul> The state capital, <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a>, encompasses the entirety of Penang Island and a few surrounding islets, including <a href="/wiki/Jerejak_Island" title="Jerejak Island">Jerejak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Betong_Island" title="Betong Island">Betong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kendi_Island" title="Kendi Island">Kendi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rimau_Island" title="Rimau Island">Rimau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andaman_Island,_Penang" title="Andaman Island, Penang">Andaman</a> islands.<a href="#cite_note-PICC-118">[117]</a> On the other hand, the city of Seberang Perai covers the mainland side of Penang.<a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a> <div class="center"><div class="thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner" style="position: relative; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 650px;"><div class="thumbinner noresize" style="position: relative; top: 0px; right: 0px; outline:0px; border:0px; padding:0px;height: 700px; width: 650px"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container floatright" style="width: 650px; height: 700px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm" data-width="650" data-height="700" data-zoom="11" data-lat="5.34776" data-lon="100.352" data-overlays="["_e113fcb7c98f3651d43f3a79b5f2b5b0aba26f99"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/11/5.34776/100.352/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm,11,5.34776,100.352,650x700.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Penang&revid=1282760895&groups=_e113fcb7c98f3651d43f3a79b5f2b5b0aba26f99" width="650" height="700" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm,11,5.34776,100.352,650x700@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Penang&revid=1282760895&groups=_e113fcb7c98f3651d43f3a79b5f2b5b0aba26f99 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div style="position: absolute;width:650px; height:700px;top:0px;left:0px;background-color:#FFFFFF00; color:inherit;"></div><div style="position: absolute; top: 682px; left: 637px; width: 12px; height: 12px"><a href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright" title="About OpenStreetMaps" rel="nofollow"><img alt="About OpenStreetMaps" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Transparent.svg/12px-Transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Transparent.svg/18px-Transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Transparent.svg/24px-Transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></div><div style="position: absolute; top: 682px; left: 540px;width: 12px; height: 12px background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Maps_Terms_of_Use" title="Maps: terms of use"><img alt="Maps: terms of use" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Transparent.svg/12px-Transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Transparent.svg/18px-Transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Transparent.svg/24px-Transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; background-color: #111111; color:inherit; clip-path:path(nonzero, 'M0,8 l0,4 l20,0 l0,-4 l-0.3,0 l0,3.7 l-19.4,0 l0,-3.7 z') ; top:657px; left:604px; width:20px; height:20px; transform:scale(2.5, 1.5)"></div><div style="position: absolute; top: 658px; left: 635px; font-size: 9.5px; line-height: 126%; width: fit-content;color: #444433; background-color: transparent; text-align: right; transform: translateX(-100%);">4km 2.5miles</div><div style="position: absolute; top: 397.66px; left: 169.39px; transform: rotate( -100deg);width:44px; text-align: center; background-color:transparent; color: #000000;vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 22px;">G</div><div style="position: absolute; top: 375.85px; left: 166.28px; transform: rotate( -96deg);width:44px; text-align: center; background-color:transparent; color: #000000;vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 22px;">e</div><div style="position: absolute; top: 353.89px; left: 164.59px; transform: rotate( -93deg);width:44px; text-align: center; background-color:transparent; color: #000000;vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 22px;">o</div><div style="position: absolute; top: 331.86px; left: 164.34px; transform: rotate( -89deg);width:44px; text-align: center; background-color:transparent; color: #000000;vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 22px;">r</div><div style="position: absolute; top: 309.86px; left: 165.53px; transform: rotate( -85deg);width:44px; text-align: center; background-color:transparent; color: #000000;vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 22px;">g</div><div style="position: absolute; top: 287.99px; left: 168.15px; transform: rotate( -81deg);width:44px; text-align: center; background-color:transparent; color: #000000;vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 22px;">e</div><div style="position: absolute; top: 266.34px; left: 172.19px; transform: rotate( -78deg);width:44px; text-align: center; background-color:transparent; color: #000000;vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 22px;"> </div><div style="position: absolute; top: 244.99px; left: 177.64px; transform: rotate( -74deg);width:44px; text-align: center; background-color:transparent; color: #000000;vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 22px;">T</div><div style="position: absolute; top: 224.05px; left: 184.47px; transform: rotate( -70deg);width:44px; text-align: center; background-color:transparent; color: #000000;vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 22px;">o</div><div style="position: absolute; top: 203.59px; left: 192.64px; transform: rotate( -66deg);width:44px; text-align: center; background-color:transparent; color: #000000;vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 22px;">w</div><div style="position: absolute; top: 183.72px; left: 202.14px; transform: rotate( -63deg);width:44px; text-align: center; background-color:transparent; color: #000000;vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 22px;">n</div><div style="position: absolute; top: 100.92px; left: 440.32px; transform: rotate( 65deg);width:54px; text-align: center; background-color:transparent; color: #000000;vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 27px;">S</div><div style="position: absolute; top: 137.04px; left: 455.49px; transform: rotate( 69deg);width:54px; text-align: center; background-color:transparent; color: #000000;vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 27px;">e</div><div style="position: absolute; top: 174.23px; left: 467.82px; transform: rotate( 74deg);width:54px; text-align: center; background-color:transparent; color: #000000;vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 27px;">b</div><div style="position: absolute; top: 212.26px; left: 477.24px; transform: rotate( 78deg);width:54px; text-align: center; background-color:transparent; color: #000000;vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 27px;">e</div><div style="position: absolute; top: 250.9px; left: 483.69px; transform: rotate( 83deg);width:54px; text-align: center; background-color:transparent; color: #000000;vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 27px;">r</div><div style="position: absolute; top: 289.93px; left: 487.14px; transform: rotate( 87deg);width:54px; text-align: center; background-color:transparent; color: #000000;vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 27px;">a</div><div style="position: absolute; top: 329.11px; left: 487.55px; transform: rotate( 92deg);width:54px; text-align: center; background-color:transparent; color: #000000;vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 27px;">n</div><div style="position: absolute; top: 368.2px; left: 484.93px; transform: rotate( 96deg);width:54px; text-align: center; background-color:transparent; color: #000000;vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 27px;">g</div><div style="position: absolute; top: 406.97px; left: 479.3px; transform: rotate( 100deg);width:54px; text-align: center; background-color:transparent; color: #000000;vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 27px;"> </div><div style="position: absolute; top: 445.2px; left: 470.69px; transform: rotate( 105deg);width:54px; text-align: center; background-color:transparent; color: #000000;vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 27px;">P</div><div style="position: absolute; top: 482.64px; left: 459.14px; transform: rotate( 109deg);width:54px; text-align: center; background-color:transparent; color: #000000;vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 27px;">e</div><div style="position: absolute; top: 519.07px; left: 444.74px; transform: rotate( 114deg);width:54px; text-align: center; background-color:transparent; color: #000000;vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 27px;">r</div><div style="position: absolute; top: 554.28px; left: 427.56px; transform: rotate( 118deg);width:54px; text-align: center; background-color:transparent; color: #000000;vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 27px;">a</div><div style="position: absolute; top: 588.06px; left: 407.71px; transform: rotate( 123deg);width:54px; text-align: center; background-color:transparent; color: #000000;vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 27px;">i</div><div title="Teluk Air Tawar" style="position:absolute;top:150.5px;left:365.6px;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background-color:#000000;color:inherit"></div><div title="Teluk Air Tawar" style="position:absolute; line-height: 120%; top: 151.28px; left: 370.1px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; color: #FFFFFF; background-color: transparent;transform: translateX(-50%); font-size: 6.75px;">35</div><div title="Teluk Air Tawar" style="position:absolute; font-size: 12px; padding:0px 3px;line-height: 120%; top: 148.8px; left: 320.1px; color: #444433; width: max-content; background-color: transparent;text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) ; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; letter-spacing:0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><a href="/wiki/Teluk_Air_Tawar" title="Teluk Air Tawar">Teluk Air Tawar</a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:311.1px;top:143px"><a href="/wiki/Teluk_Air_Tawar" title="35 Teluk Air Tawar"><img alt="35 Teluk Air Tawar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/18px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/27px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/36px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:363.1px;top:142px"><a href="/wiki/Teluk_Air_Tawar" title="35 Teluk Air Tawar"><img alt="35 Teluk Air Tawar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/14px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/21px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/28px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div title="Tasek Gelugor" style="position:absolute;top:150.2px;left:527.5px;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background-color:#000000;color:inherit"></div><div title="Tasek Gelugor" style="position:absolute; line-height: 120%; top: 150.98px; left: 532px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; color: #FFFFFF; background-color: transparent;transform: translateX(-50%); font-size: 6.75px;">34</div><div title="Tasek Gelugor" style="position:absolute; font-size: 12px; padding:0px 3px;line-height: 120%; top: 148.5px; left: 577px; color: #444433; width: max-content; background-color: transparent;text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) ; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; letter-spacing:0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><a href="/wiki/Tasek_Gelugor" title="Tasek Gelugor">Tasek Gelugor</a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:568px;top:142.7px"><a href="/wiki/Tasek_Gelugor" title="34 Tasek Gelugor"><img alt="34 Tasek Gelugor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/18px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/27px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/36px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:525px;top:141.7px"><a href="/wiki/Tasek_Gelugor" title="34 Tasek Gelugor"><img alt="34 Tasek Gelugor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/14px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/21px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/28px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div title="Sungai Jawi" style="position:absolute;top:562.1px;left:523.1px;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background-color:#000000;color:inherit"></div><div title="Sungai Jawi" style="position:absolute; line-height: 120%; top: 562.88px; left: 527.6px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; color: #FFFFFF; background-color: transparent;transform: translateX(-50%); font-size: 6.75px;">33</div><div title="Sungai Jawi" style="position:absolute; font-size: 12px; padding:0px 3px;line-height: 120%; top: 560.4px; left: 567.6px; color: #444433; width: max-content; background-color: transparent;text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) ; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; letter-spacing:0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Jawi" title="Sungai Jawi">Sungai Jawi</a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:558.6px;top:554.6px"><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Jawi" title="33 Sungai Jawi"><img alt="33 Sungai Jawi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/18px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/27px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/36px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:520.6px;top:553.6px"><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Jawi" title="33 Sungai Jawi"><img alt="33 Sungai Jawi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/14px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/21px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/28px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div title="Sungai Bakap" style="position:absolute;top:528.6px;left:530.4px;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background-color:#000000;color:inherit"></div><div title="Sungai Bakap" style="position:absolute; line-height: 120%; top: 529.38px; left: 534.9px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; color: #FFFFFF; background-color: transparent;transform: translateX(-50%); font-size: 6.75px;">32</div><div title="Sungai Bakap" style="position:absolute; font-size: 12px; padding:0px 3px;line-height: 120%; top: 526.9px; left: 579.9px; color: #444433; width: max-content; background-color: transparent;text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) ; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; letter-spacing:0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Bakap" title="Sungai Bakap">Sungai Bakap</a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:570.9px;top:521.1px"><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Bakap" title="32 Sungai Bakap"><img alt="32 Sungai Bakap" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/18px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/27px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/36px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:527.9px;top:520.1px"><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Bakap" title="32 Sungai Bakap"><img alt="32 Sungai Bakap" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/14px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/21px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/28px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;top:273.7px;left:387.9px;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background-color:#000000;color:inherit"></div><div title="Seberang Jaya" style="position:absolute; line-height: 120%; top: 274.48px; left: 392.4px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; color: #FFFFFF; background-color: transparent;transform: translateX(-50%); font-size: 6.75px;">31</div><div title="Seberang Jaya" style="position:absolute; font-size: 12px; padding:0px 3px;line-height: 120%; top: 280px; left: 392.4px; color: #444433; width: max-content; background-color: transparent;text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) ; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; letter-spacing:0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><a href="/wiki/Seberang_Jaya" title="Seberang Jaya">Seberang Jaya</a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:383.4px;top:274.2px"><a href="/wiki/Seberang_Jaya" title="31 Seberang Jaya"><img alt="31 Seberang Jaya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/18px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/27px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/36px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:385.4px;top:265.2px"><a href="/wiki/Seberang_Jaya" title="31 Seberang Jaya"><img alt="31 Seberang Jaya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/14px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/21px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/28px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div title="Permatang Pauh" style="position:absolute;top:251.9px;left:407.3px;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background-color:#000000;color:inherit"></div><div title="Permatang Pauh" style="position:absolute; line-height: 120%; top: 252.68px; left: 411.8px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; color: #FFFFFF; background-color: transparent;transform: translateX(-50%); font-size: 6.75px;">30</div><div title="Permatang Pauh" style="position:absolute; font-size: 12px; padding:0px 3px;line-height: 120%; top: 250.2px; left: 461.8px; color: #444433; width: max-content; background-color: transparent;text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) ; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; letter-spacing:0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><a href="/wiki/Permatang_Pauh" title="Permatang Pauh">Permatang Pauh</a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:452.8px;top:244.4px"><a href="/wiki/Permatang_Pauh" title="30 Permatang Pauh"><img alt="30 Permatang Pauh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/18px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/27px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/36px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:404.8px;top:243.4px"><a href="/wiki/Permatang_Pauh" title="30 Permatang Pauh"><img alt="30 Permatang Pauh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/14px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/21px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/28px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div title="Perai" style="position:absolute;top:292px;left:358.5px;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background-color:#000000;color:inherit"></div><div title="Perai" style="position:absolute; line-height: 120%; top: 292.78px; left: 363px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; color: #FFFFFF; background-color: transparent;transform: translateX(-50%); font-size: 6.75px;">29</div><div title="Perai" style="position:absolute; font-size: 12px; padding:0px 3px;line-height: 120%; top: 290.3px; left: 343px; color: #444433; width: max-content; background-color: transparent;text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) ; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; letter-spacing:0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><a href="/wiki/Perai" title="Perai">Perai</a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:334px;top:284.5px"><a href="/wiki/Perai" title="29 Perai"><img alt="29 Perai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/18px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/27px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/36px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:356px;top:283.5px"><a href="/wiki/Perai" title="29 Perai"><img alt="29 Perai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/14px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/21px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/28px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;top:605.5px;left:504.2px;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background-color:#000000;color:inherit"></div><div title="Nibong Tebal" style="position:absolute; line-height: 120%; top: 606.28px; left: 508.7px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; color: #FFFFFF; background-color: transparent;transform: translateX(-50%); font-size: 6.75px;">28</div><div title="Nibong Tebal" style="position:absolute; font-size: 12px; padding:0px 3px;line-height: 120%; top: 615.8px; left: 508.7px; color: #444433; width: max-content; background-color: transparent;text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) ; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; letter-spacing:0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><a href="/wiki/Nibong_Tebal" title="Nibong Tebal">Nibong Tebal</a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:499.7px;top:610px"><a href="/wiki/Nibong_Tebal" title="28 Nibong Tebal"><img alt="28 Nibong Tebal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/18px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/27px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/36px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:501.7px;top:597px"><a href="/wiki/Nibong_Tebal" title="28 Nibong Tebal"><img alt="28 Nibong Tebal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/14px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/21px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/28px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;top:224.7px;left:377px;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background-color:#000000;color:inherit"></div><div title="Mak Mandin" style="position:absolute; line-height: 120%; top: 225.48px; left: 381.5px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; color: #FFFFFF; background-color: transparent;transform: translateX(-50%); font-size: 6.75px;">27</div><div title="Mak Mandin" style="position:absolute; font-size: 12px; padding:0px 3px;line-height: 120%; top: 213px; left: 381.5px; color: #444433; width: max-content; background-color: transparent;text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) ; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; letter-spacing:0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><a href="/wiki/Mak_Mandin" title="Mak Mandin">Mak Mandin</a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:372.5px;top:207.2px"><a href="/wiki/Mak_Mandin" title="27 Mak Mandin"><img alt="27 Mak Mandin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/18px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/27px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/36px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:374.5px;top:216.2px"><a href="/wiki/Mak_Mandin" title="27 Mak Mandin"><img alt="27 Mak Mandin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/14px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/21px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/28px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;top:94.2px;left:433.8px;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background-color:#000000;color:inherit"></div><div title="Kepala Batas" style="position:absolute; line-height: 120%; top: 94.98px; left: 438.3px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; color: #FFFFFF; background-color: transparent;transform: translateX(-50%); font-size: 6.75px;">26</div><div title="Kepala Batas" style="position:absolute; font-size: 12px; padding:0px 3px;line-height: 120%; top: 82.5px; left: 438.3px; color: #444433; width: max-content; background-color: transparent;text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) ; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; letter-spacing:0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><a href="/wiki/Kepala_Batas,_Seberang_Perai" title="Kepala Batas, Seberang Perai">Kepala Batas</a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:429.3px;top:76.7px"><a href="/wiki/Kepala_Batas,_Seberang_Perai" title="26 Kepala Batas"><img alt="26 Kepala Batas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/18px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/27px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/36px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:431.3px;top:85.7px"><a href="/wiki/Kepala_Batas,_Seberang_Perai" title="26 Kepala Batas"><img alt="26 Kepala Batas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/14px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/21px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/28px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div title="Juru" style="position:absolute;top:359.4px;left:435.1px;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background-color:#000000;color:inherit"></div><div title="Juru" style="position:absolute; line-height: 120%; top: 360.18px; left: 439.6px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; color: #FFFFFF; background-color: transparent;transform: translateX(-50%); font-size: 6.75px;">25</div><div title="Juru" style="position:absolute; font-size: 12px; padding:0px 3px;line-height: 120%; top: 357.7px; left: 419.6px; color: #444433; width: max-content; background-color: transparent;text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) ; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; letter-spacing:0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><a href="/wiki/Juru,_Malaysia" title="Juru, Malaysia">Juru</a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:410.6px;top:351.9px"><a href="/wiki/Juru,_Malaysia" title="25 Juru"><img alt="25 Juru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/18px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/27px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/36px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:432.6px;top:350.9px"><a href="/wiki/Juru,_Malaysia" title="25 Juru"><img alt="25 Juru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/14px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/21px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/28px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div title="Bukit Tengah" style="position:absolute;top:321.1px;left:421.4px;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background-color:#000000;color:inherit"></div><div title="Bukit Tengah" style="position:absolute; line-height: 120%; top: 321.88px; left: 425.9px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; color: #FFFFFF; background-color: transparent;transform: translateX(-50%); font-size: 6.75px;">24</div><div title="Bukit Tengah" style="position:absolute; font-size: 12px; padding:0px 3px;line-height: 120%; top: 321.4px; left: 386.9px; color: #444433; width: max-content; background-color: transparent;text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) ; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; letter-spacing:0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Tengah" title="Bukit Tengah">Bukit Tengah</a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:377.9px;top:315.6px"><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Tengah" title="24 Bukit Tengah"><img alt="24 Bukit Tengah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/18px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/27px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/36px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:418.9px;top:312.6px"><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Tengah" title="24 Bukit Tengah"><img alt="24 Bukit Tengah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/14px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/21px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/28px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div title="Bukit Tambun" style="position:absolute;top:455.3px;left:480.6px;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background-color:#000000;color:inherit"></div><div title="Bukit Tambun" style="position:absolute; line-height: 120%; top: 456.08px; left: 485.1px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; color: #FFFFFF; background-color: transparent;transform: translateX(-50%); font-size: 6.75px;">23</div><div title="Bukit Tambun" style="position:absolute; font-size: 12px; padding:0px 3px;line-height: 120%; top: 453.6px; left: 445.1px; color: #444433; width: max-content; background-color: transparent;text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) ; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; letter-spacing:0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Tambun" title="Bukit Tambun">Bukit Tambun</a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:436.1px;top:447.8px"><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Tambun" title="23 Bukit Tambun"><img alt="23 Bukit Tambun" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/18px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/27px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/36px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:478.1px;top:446.8px"><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Tambun" title="23 Bukit Tambun"><img alt="23 Bukit Tambun" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/14px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/21px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/28px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div title="Bukit Minyak" style="position:absolute;top:408.7px;left:466px;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background-color:#000000;color:inherit"></div><div title="Bukit Minyak" style="position:absolute; line-height: 120%; top: 409.48px; left: 470.5px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; color: #FFFFFF; background-color: transparent;transform: translateX(-50%); font-size: 6.75px;">22</div><div title="Bukit Minyak" style="position:absolute; font-size: 12px; padding:0px 3px;line-height: 120%; top: 407px; left: 510.5px; color: #444433; width: max-content; background-color: transparent;text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) ; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; letter-spacing:0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Minyak" title="Bukit Minyak">Bukit Minyak</a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:501.5px;top:401.2px"><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Minyak" title="22 Bukit Minyak"><img alt="22 Bukit Minyak" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/18px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/27px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/36px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:463.5px;top:400.2px"><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Minyak" title="22 Bukit Minyak"><img alt="22 Bukit Minyak" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/14px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/21px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/28px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div title="Bukit Mertajam" style="position:absolute;top:319.7px;left:478.3px;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background-color:#000000;color:inherit"></div><div title="Bukit Mertajam" style="position:absolute; line-height: 120%; top: 320.48px; left: 482.8px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; color: #FFFFFF; background-color: transparent;transform: translateX(-50%); font-size: 6.75px;">21</div><div title="Bukit Mertajam" style="position:absolute; font-size: 12px; padding:0px 3px;line-height: 120%; top: 326px; left: 527.8px; color: #444433; width: max-content; background-color: transparent;text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) ; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; letter-spacing:0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Mertajam" title="Bukit Mertajam">Bukit Mertajam</a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:518.8px;top:320.2px"><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Mertajam" title="21 Bukit Mertajam"><img alt="21 Bukit Mertajam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/18px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/27px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/36px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:475.8px;top:311.2px"><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Mertajam" title="21 Bukit Mertajam"><img alt="21 Bukit Mertajam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/14px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/21px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/28px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div title="Batu Kawan" style="position:absolute;top:515.5px;left:454.3px;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background-color:#000000;color:inherit"></div><div title="Batu Kawan" style="position:absolute; line-height: 120%; top: 516.28px; left: 458.8px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; color: #FFFFFF; background-color: transparent;transform: translateX(-50%); font-size: 6.75px;">20</div><div title="Batu Kawan" style="position:absolute; font-size: 12px; padding:0px 3px;line-height: 120%; top: 513.8px; left: 418.8px; color: #444433; width: max-content; background-color: transparent;text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) ; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; letter-spacing:0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><a href="/wiki/Batu_Kawan" title="Batu Kawan">Batu Kawan</a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:409.8px;top:508px"><a href="/wiki/Batu_Kawan" title="20 Batu Kawan"><img alt="20 Batu Kawan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/18px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/27px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/36px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:451.8px;top:507px"><a href="/wiki/Batu_Kawan" title="20 Batu Kawan"><img alt="20 Batu Kawan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/14px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/21px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/28px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;top:276.5px;left:342.1px;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background-color:#000000;color:inherit"></div><div title="Butterworth" style="position:absolute; line-height: 120%; top: 277.28px; left: 346.6px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; color: #FFFFFF; background-color: transparent;transform: translateX(-50%); font-size: 6.75px;">19</div><div title="Butterworth" style="position:absolute; font-size: 12px; padding:0px 3px;line-height: 120%; top: 264.8px; left: 346.6px; color: #444433; width: max-content; background-color: transparent;text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) ; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; letter-spacing:0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><a href="/wiki/Butterworth,_Seberang_Perai" title="Butterworth, Seberang Perai">Butterworth</a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:337.6px;top:259px"><a href="/wiki/Butterworth,_Seberang_Perai" title="19 Butterworth"><img alt="19 Butterworth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/18px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/27px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/36px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:339.6px;top:268px"><a href="/wiki/Butterworth,_Seberang_Perai" title="19 Butterworth"><img alt="19 Butterworth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/14px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/21px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/28px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div title="Silicon Island" style="position:absolute;top:477.5px;left:202.7px;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background-color:#000000;color:inherit"></div><div title="Silicon Island" style="position:absolute; line-height: 120%; top: 478.28px; left: 207.2px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; color: #FFFFFF; background-color: transparent;transform: translateX(-50%); font-size: 6.75px;">18</div><div title="Silicon Island" style="position:absolute; font-size: 12px; padding:0px 3px;line-height: 120%; top: 475.8px; left: 177.2px; color: #444433; width: max-content; background-color: transparent;text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) ; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; letter-spacing:0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Island" title="Silicon Island">Silicon I.</a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:168.2px;top:470px"><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Island" title="18 Silicon Island"><img alt="18 Silicon Island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/18px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/27px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/36px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:200.2px;top:469px"><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Island" title="18 Silicon Island"><img alt="18 Silicon Island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/14px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/21px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/28px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;top:434.6px;left:155.4px;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background-color:#000000;color:inherit"></div><div title="Teluk Kumbar" style="position:absolute; line-height: 120%; top: 435.38px; left: 159.9px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; color: #FFFFFF; background-color: transparent;transform: translateX(-50%); font-size: 6.75px;">17</div><div title="Teluk Kumbar" style="position:absolute; font-size: 12px; padding:0px 3px;line-height: 120%; top: 444.9px; left: 159.9px; color: #444433; width: max-content; background-color: transparent;text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) ; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; letter-spacing:0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><a href="/wiki/Teluk_Kumbar" title="Teluk Kumbar">Teluk Kumbar</a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:150.9px;top:439.1px"><a href="/wiki/Teluk_Kumbar" title="17 Teluk Kumbar"><img alt="17 Teluk Kumbar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/18px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/27px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/36px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:152.9px;top:426.1px"><a href="/wiki/Teluk_Kumbar" title="17 Teluk Kumbar"><img alt="17 Teluk Kumbar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/14px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/21px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/28px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div title="Teluk Bahang" style="position:absolute;top:186.2px;left:117.9px;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background-color:#000000;color:inherit"></div><div title="Teluk Bahang" style="position:absolute; line-height: 120%; top: 186.98px; left: 122.4px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; color: #FFFFFF; background-color: transparent;transform: translateX(-50%); font-size: 6.75px;">16</div><div title="Teluk Bahang" style="position:absolute; font-size: 12px; padding:0px 3px;line-height: 120%; top: 184.5px; left: 82.4px; color: #444433; width: max-content; background-color: transparent;text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) ; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; letter-spacing:0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><a href="/wiki/Teluk_Bahang" title="Teluk Bahang">Teluk Bahang</a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:73.4px;top:178.7px"><a href="/wiki/Teluk_Bahang" title="16 Teluk Bahang"><img alt="16 Teluk Bahang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/18px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/27px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/36px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:115.4px;top:177.7px"><a href="/wiki/Teluk_Bahang" title="16 Teluk Bahang"><img alt="16 Teluk Bahang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/14px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/21px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/28px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div title="Tanjong Tokong" style="position:absolute;top:194.6px;left:252.9px;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background-color:#000000;color:inherit"></div><div title="Tanjong Tokong" style="position:absolute; line-height: 120%; top: 195.38px; left: 257.4px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; color: #FFFFFF; background-color: transparent;transform: translateX(-50%); font-size: 6.75px;">15</div><div title="Tanjong Tokong" style="position:absolute; font-size: 12px; padding:0px 3px;line-height: 120%; top: 192.9px; left: 212.4px; color: #444433; width: max-content; background-color: transparent;text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) ; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; letter-spacing:0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><a href="/wiki/Tanjong_Tokong" title="Tanjong Tokong">Tanjong Tokong</a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:203.4px;top:187.1px"><a href="/wiki/Tanjong_Tokong" title="15 Tanjong Tokong"><img alt="15 Tanjong Tokong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/18px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/27px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/36px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:250.4px;top:186.1px"><a href="/wiki/Tanjong_Tokong" title="15 Tanjong Tokong"><img alt="15 Tanjong Tokong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/14px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/21px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/28px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div title="Tanjong Pinang" style="position:absolute;top:183.9px;left:260.7px;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background-color:#000000;color:inherit"></div><div title="Tanjong Pinang" style="position:absolute; line-height: 120%; top: 184.68px; left: 265.2px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; color: #FFFFFF; background-color: transparent;transform: translateX(-50%); font-size: 6.75px;">14</div><div title="Tanjong Pinang" style="position:absolute; font-size: 12px; padding:0px 3px;line-height: 120%; top: 182.2px; left: 315.2px; color: #444433; width: max-content; background-color: transparent;text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) ; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; letter-spacing:0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><a href="/wiki/Tanjong_Pinang" title="Tanjong Pinang">Tanjong Pinang</a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:306.2px;top:176.4px"><a href="/wiki/Tanjong_Pinang" title="14 Tanjong Pinang"><img alt="14 Tanjong Pinang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/18px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/27px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/36px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:258.2px;top:175.4px"><a href="/wiki/Tanjong_Pinang" title="14 Tanjong Pinang"><img alt="14 Tanjong Pinang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/14px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/21px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/28px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;top:173.9px;left:221.7px;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background-color:#000000;color:inherit"></div><div title="Tanjong Bungah" style="position:absolute; line-height: 120%; top: 174.68px; left: 226.2px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; color: #FFFFFF; background-color: transparent;transform: translateX(-50%); font-size: 6.75px;">13</div><div title="Tanjong Bungah" style="position:absolute; font-size: 12px; padding:0px 3px;line-height: 120%; top: 162.2px; left: 226.2px; color: #444433; width: max-content; background-color: transparent;text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) ; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; letter-spacing:0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><a href="/wiki/Tanjong_Bungah" title="Tanjong Bungah">Tanjong Bungah</a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:217.2px;top:156.4px"><a href="/wiki/Tanjong_Bungah" title="13 Tanjong Bungah"><img alt="13 Tanjong Bungah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/18px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/27px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/36px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:219.2px;top:165.4px"><a href="/wiki/Tanjong_Bungah" title="13 Tanjong Bungah"><img alt="13 Tanjong Bungah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/14px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/21px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/28px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div title="Relau" style="position:absolute;top:366.2px;left:203.8px;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background-color:#000000;color:inherit"></div><div title="Relau" style="position:absolute; line-height: 120%; top: 366.98px; left: 208.3px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; color: #FFFFFF; background-color: transparent;transform: translateX(-50%); font-size: 6.75px;">12</div><div title="Relau" style="position:absolute; font-size: 12px; padding:0px 3px;line-height: 120%; top: 364.5px; left: 188.3px; color: #444433; width: max-content; background-color: transparent;text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) ; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; letter-spacing:0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><a href="/wiki/Relau" title="Relau">Relau</a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:179.3px;top:358.7px"><a href="/wiki/Relau" title="12 Relau"><img alt="12 Relau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/18px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/27px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/36px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:201.3px;top:357.7px"><a href="/wiki/Relau" title="12 Relau"><img alt="12 Relau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/14px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/21px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/28px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div title="Penang Hill" style="position:absolute;top:233.6px;left:199.8px;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background-color:#000000;color:inherit"></div><div title="Penang Hill" style="position:absolute; line-height: 120%; top: 234.38px; left: 204.3px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; color: #FFFFFF; background-color: transparent;transform: translateX(-50%); font-size: 6.75px;">11</div><div title="Penang Hill" style="position:absolute; font-size: 12px; padding:0px 3px;line-height: 120%; top: 231.9px; left: 169.3px; color: #444433; width: max-content; background-color: transparent;text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) ; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; letter-spacing:0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><a href="/wiki/Penang_Hill" title="Penang Hill">Penang Hill</a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:160.3px;top:226.1px"><a href="/wiki/Penang_Hill" title="11 Penang Hill"><img alt="11 Penang Hill" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/18px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/27px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/36px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:197.3px;top:225.1px"><a href="/wiki/Penang_Hill" title="11 Penang Hill"><img alt="11 Penang Hill" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/14px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/21px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/28px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div title="Paya Terubong" style="position:absolute;top:309px;left:215.5px;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background-color:#000000;color:inherit"></div><div title="Paya Terubong" style="position:absolute; line-height: 120%; top: 309.78px; left: 220px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; color: #FFFFFF; background-color: transparent;transform: translateX(-50%); font-size: 6.75px;">10</div><div title="Paya Terubong" style="position:absolute; font-size: 12px; padding:0px 3px;line-height: 120%; top: 307.3px; left: 175px; color: #444433; width: max-content; background-color: transparent;text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) ; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; letter-spacing:0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><a href="/wiki/Paya_Terubong" title="Paya Terubong">Paya Terubong</a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:166px;top:301.5px"><a href="/wiki/Paya_Terubong" title="10 Paya Terubong"><img alt="10 Paya Terubong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/18px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/27px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/36px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:213px;top:300.5px"><a href="/wiki/Paya_Terubong" title="10 Paya Terubong"><img alt="10 Paya Terubong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/14px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/21px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/28px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div title="Pantai Acheh" style="position:absolute;top:243px;left:94.5px;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background-color:#000000;color:inherit"></div><div title="Pantai Acheh" style="position:absolute; line-height: 120%; top: 243.78px; left: 99px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; color: #FFFFFF; background-color: transparent;transform: translateX(-50%); font-size: 6.75px;">9</div><div title="Pantai Acheh" style="position:absolute; font-size: 12px; padding:0px 3px;line-height: 120%; top: 241.3px; left: 59px; color: #444433; width: max-content; background-color: transparent;text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) ; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; letter-spacing:0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><a href="/wiki/Pantai_Acheh" title="Pantai Acheh">Pantai Acheh</a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:50px;top:235.5px"><a href="/wiki/Pantai_Acheh" title="9 Pantai Acheh"><img alt="9 Pantai Acheh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/18px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/27px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/36px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:92px;top:234.5px"><a href="/wiki/Pantai_Acheh" title="9 Pantai Acheh"><img alt="9 Pantai Acheh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/14px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/21px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/28px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div title="Jelutong" style="position:absolute;top:283.2px;left:263.9px;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background-color:#000000;color:inherit"></div><div title="Jelutong" style="position:absolute; line-height: 120%; top: 283.98px; left: 268.4px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; color: #FFFFFF; background-color: transparent;transform: translateX(-50%); font-size: 6.75px;">8</div><div title="Jelutong" style="position:absolute; font-size: 12px; padding:0px 3px;line-height: 120%; top: 281.5px; left: 298.4px; color: #444433; width: max-content; background-color: transparent;text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) ; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; letter-spacing:0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><a href="/wiki/Jelutong,_Penang" title="Jelutong, Penang">Jelutong</a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:289.4px;top:275.7px"><a href="/wiki/Jelutong,_Penang" title="8 Jelutong"><img alt="8 Jelutong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/18px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/27px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/36px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:261.4px;top:274.7px"><a href="/wiki/Jelutong,_Penang" title="8 Jelutong"><img alt="8 Jelutong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/14px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/21px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/28px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div title="Gertak Sanggul" style="position:absolute;top:440.8px;left:91px;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background-color:#000000;color:inherit"></div><div title="Gertak Sanggul" style="position:absolute; line-height: 120%; top: 441.58px; left: 95.5px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; color: #FFFFFF; background-color: transparent;transform: translateX(-50%); font-size: 6.75px;">7</div><div title="Gertak Sanggul" style="position:absolute; font-size: 12px; padding:0px 3px;line-height: 120%; top: 439.1px; left: 45.5px; color: #444433; width: max-content; background-color: transparent;text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) ; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; letter-spacing:0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><a href="/wiki/Gertak_Sanggul" title="Gertak Sanggul">Gertak Sanggul</a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:36.5px;top:433.3px"><a href="/wiki/Gertak_Sanggul" title="7 Gertak Sanggul"><img alt="7 Gertak Sanggul" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/18px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/27px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/36px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:88.5px;top:432.3px"><a href="/wiki/Gertak_Sanggul" title="7 Gertak Sanggul"><img alt="7 Gertak Sanggul" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/14px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/21px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/28px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div title="Gelugor" style="position:absolute;top:314.7px;left:254px;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background-color:#000000;color:inherit"></div><div title="Gelugor" style="position:absolute; line-height: 120%; top: 315.48px; left: 258.5px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; color: #FFFFFF; background-color: transparent;transform: translateX(-50%); font-size: 6.75px;">6</div><div title="Gelugor" style="position:absolute; font-size: 12px; padding:0px 3px;line-height: 120%; top: 313px; left: 288.5px; color: #444433; width: max-content; background-color: transparent;text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) ; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; letter-spacing:0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><a href="/wiki/Gelugor" title="Gelugor">Gelugor</a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:279.5px;top:307.2px"><a href="/wiki/Gelugor" title="6 Gelugor"><img alt="6 Gelugor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/18px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/27px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/36px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:251.5px;top:306.2px"><a href="/wiki/Gelugor" title="6 Gelugor"><img alt="6 Gelugor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/14px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/21px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/28px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div title="Bayan Lepas" style="position:absolute;top:439.5px;left:196.6px;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background-color:#000000;color:inherit"></div><div title="Bayan Lepas" style="position:absolute; line-height: 120%; top: 440.28px; left: 201.1px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; color: #FFFFFF; background-color: transparent;transform: translateX(-50%); font-size: 6.75px;">5</div><div title="Bayan Lepas" style="position:absolute; font-size: 12px; padding:0px 3px;line-height: 120%; top: 437.8px; left: 241.1px; color: #444433; width: max-content; background-color: transparent;text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) ; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; letter-spacing:0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><a href="/wiki/Bayan_Lepas" title="Bayan Lepas">Bayan Lepas</a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:232.1px;top:432px"><a href="/wiki/Bayan_Lepas" title="5 Bayan Lepas"><img alt="5 Bayan Lepas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/18px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/27px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/36px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:194.1px;top:431px"><a href="/wiki/Bayan_Lepas" title="5 Bayan Lepas"><img alt="5 Bayan Lepas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/14px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/21px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/28px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div title="Batu Ferringhi" style="position:absolute;top:169.7px;left:160.8px;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background-color:#000000;color:inherit"></div><div title="Batu Ferringhi" style="position:absolute; line-height: 120%; top: 170.48px; left: 165.3px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; color: #FFFFFF; background-color: transparent;transform: translateX(-50%); font-size: 6.75px;">4</div><div title="Batu Ferringhi" style="position:absolute; font-size: 12px; padding:0px 3px;line-height: 120%; top: 158px; left: 130.3px; color: #444433; width: max-content; background-color: transparent;text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) ; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; letter-spacing:0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><a href="/wiki/Batu_Ferringhi" title="Batu Ferringhi">Batu Ferringhi</a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:121.3px;top:152.2px"><a href="/wiki/Batu_Ferringhi" title="4 Batu Ferringhi"><img alt="4 Batu Ferringhi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/18px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/27px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/36px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:158.3px;top:161.2px"><a href="/wiki/Batu_Ferringhi" title="4 Batu Ferringhi"><img alt="4 Batu Ferringhi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/14px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/21px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/28px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div title="Balik Pulau" style="position:absolute;top:342.2px;left:148.2px;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background-color:#000000;color:inherit"></div><div title="Balik Pulau" style="position:absolute; line-height: 120%; top: 342.98px; left: 152.7px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; color: #FFFFFF; background-color: transparent;transform: translateX(-50%); font-size: 6.75px;">3</div><div title="Balik Pulau" style="position:absolute; font-size: 12px; padding:0px 3px;line-height: 120%; top: 340.5px; left: 117.7px; color: #444433; width: max-content; background-color: transparent;text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) ; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; letter-spacing:0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><a href="/wiki/Balik_Pulau" title="Balik Pulau">Balik Pulau</a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:108.7px;top:334.7px"><a href="/wiki/Balik_Pulau" title="3 Balik Pulau"><img alt="3 Balik Pulau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/18px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/27px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/36px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:145.7px;top:333.7px"><a href="/wiki/Balik_Pulau" title="3 Balik Pulau"><img alt="3 Balik Pulau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/14px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/21px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/28px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div title="Ayer Itam" style="position:absolute;top:266.9px;left:213.3px;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background-color:#000000;color:inherit"></div><div title="Ayer Itam" style="position:absolute; line-height: 120%; top: 267.68px; left: 217.8px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; color: #FFFFFF; background-color: transparent;transform: translateX(-50%); font-size: 6.75px;">2</div><div title="Ayer Itam" style="position:absolute; font-size: 12px; padding:0px 3px;line-height: 120%; top: 265.2px; left: 187.8px; color: #444433; width: max-content; background-color: transparent;text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) ; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; letter-spacing:0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><a href="/wiki/Ayer_Itam" title="Ayer Itam">Ayer Itam</a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:178.8px;top:259.4px"><a href="/wiki/Ayer_Itam" title="2 Ayer Itam"><img alt="2 Ayer Itam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/18px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/27px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/36px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:210.8px;top:258.4px"><a href="/wiki/Ayer_Itam" title="2 Ayer Itam"><img alt="2 Ayer Itam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/14px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/21px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/28px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div title="Downtown George Town" style="position:absolute;top:248.1px;left:287.1px;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background-color:#000000;color:inherit"></div><div title="Downtown George Town" style="position:absolute; line-height: 120%; top: 248.88px; left: 291.6px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; color: #FFFFFF; background-color: transparent;transform: translateX(-50%); font-size: 6.75px;">1</div><div title="Downtown George Town" style="position:absolute; font-size: 12px; padding:0px 3px;line-height: 120%; top: 241.4px; left: 271.6px; color: #444433; width: max-content; background-color: transparent;text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) ; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; letter-spacing:0px; vertical-align: bottom;"><a href="/wiki/Central_George_Town,_Penang" title="Central George Town, Penang">City centre</a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:262.6px;top:235.6px"><a href="/wiki/Central_George_Town,_Penang" title="1 Downtown George Town"><img alt="1 Downtown George Town" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/18px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/27px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/36px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position:absolute;left:284.6px;top:239.6px"><a href="/wiki/Central_George_Town,_Penang" title="1 Downtown George Town"><img alt="1 Downtown George Town" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/14px-Transparent_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/21px-Transparent_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Transparent_square.svg/28px-Transparent_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></div><div style="position: absolute;top: 9px;left: 616px"><div style="color: white; opacity:100; font-size: 19px; font-weight:normal; text-align: left;"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink no-icon" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Special:Map/12/5.34776/100.352/en" data-zoom="12" data-lat="5.34776" data-lon="100.352" data-overlays="["_275d87fda0f145e545575a630fb319f34facda83"]"><div title="Click for interactive fullscreen map with links to nearby articles">   </div></a></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:left">Map of subdistricts within <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seberang_Perai" title="Seberang Perai">Seberang Perai</a>. Click link at the top right corner to zoom in.<div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="column-count:3; column-rule:solid 1px;text-align:left;padding-top:5px"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:110%;vertical-align:middle; padding:1px 4px;border-radius:8px;border: 0.5px solid black;background-color:#000000;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">1</div> <a href="/wiki/Central_George_Town,_Penang" title="Central George Town, Penang">Downtown George Town</a> <div style="display:inline-block;line-height:110%;vertical-align:middle; padding:1px 4px;border-radius:8px;border: 0.5px solid black;background-color:#000000;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">2</div> <a href="/wiki/Ayer_Itam" title="Ayer Itam">Ayer Itam</a> <div style="display:inline-block;line-height:110%;vertical-align:middle; padding:1px 4px;border-radius:8px;border: 0.5px solid black;background-color:#000000;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">3</div> <a href="/wiki/Balik_Pulau" title="Balik Pulau">Balik Pulau</a> <div style="display:inline-block;line-height:110%;vertical-align:middle; padding:1px 4px;border-radius:8px;border: 0.5px solid black;background-color:#000000;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">4</div> <a href="/wiki/Batu_Ferringhi" title="Batu Ferringhi">Batu Ferringhi</a> <div style="display:inline-block;line-height:110%;vertical-align:middle; padding:1px 4px;border-radius:8px;border: 0.5px solid black;background-color:#000000;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">5</div> <a href="/wiki/Bayan_Lepas" title="Bayan Lepas">Bayan Lepas</a> <div style="display:inline-block;line-height:110%;vertical-align:middle; padding:1px 4px;border-radius:8px;border: 0.5px solid black;background-color:#000000;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">6</div> <a href="/wiki/Gelugor" title="Gelugor">Gelugor</a> <div style="display:inline-block;line-height:110%;vertical-align:middle; padding:1px 4px;border-radius:8px;border: 0.5px solid black;background-color:#000000;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">7</div> <a href="/wiki/Gertak_Sanggul" title="Gertak Sanggul">Gertak Sanggul</a> <div style="display:inline-block;line-height:110%;vertical-align:middle; padding:1px 4px;border-radius:8px;border: 0.5px solid black;background-color:#000000;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">8</div> <a href="/wiki/Jelutong,_Penang" title="Jelutong, Penang">Jelutong</a> <div style="display:inline-block;line-height:110%;vertical-align:middle; padding:1px 4px;border-radius:8px;border: 0.5px solid black;background-color:#000000;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">9</div> <a href="/wiki/Pantai_Acheh" title="Pantai Acheh">Pantai Acheh</a> <div style="display:inline-block;line-height:110%;vertical-align:middle; padding:1px 4px;border-radius:8px;border: 0.5px solid black;background-color:#000000;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">10</div> <a href="/wiki/Paya_Terubong" title="Paya Terubong">Paya Terubong</a> <div style="display:inline-block;line-height:110%;vertical-align:middle; padding:1px 4px;border-radius:8px;border: 0.5px solid black;background-color:#000000;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">11</div> <a href="/wiki/Penang_Hill" title="Penang Hill">Penang Hill</a> <div style="display:inline-block;line-height:110%;vertical-align:middle; padding:1px 4px;border-radius:8px;border: 0.5px solid black;background-color:#000000;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">12</div> <a href="/wiki/Relau" title="Relau">Relau</a> <div style="display:inline-block;line-height:110%;vertical-align:middle; padding:1px 4px;border-radius:8px;border: 0.5px solid black;background-color:#000000;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">13</div> <a href="/wiki/Tanjong_Bungah" title="Tanjong Bungah">Tanjong Bungah</a> <div style="display:inline-block;line-height:110%;vertical-align:middle; padding:1px 4px;border-radius:8px;border: 0.5px solid black;background-color:#000000;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">14</div> <a href="/wiki/Tanjong_Pinang" title="Tanjong Pinang">Tanjong Pinang</a> <div style="display:inline-block;line-height:110%;vertical-align:middle; padding:1px 4px;border-radius:8px;border: 0.5px solid black;background-color:#000000;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">15</div> <a href="/wiki/Tanjong_Tokong" title="Tanjong Tokong">Tanjong Tokong</a> <div style="display:inline-block;line-height:110%;vertical-align:middle; padding:1px 4px;border-radius:8px;border: 0.5px solid black;background-color:#000000;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">16</div> <a href="/wiki/Teluk_Bahang" title="Teluk Bahang">Teluk Bahang</a> <div style="display:inline-block;line-height:110%;vertical-align:middle; padding:1px 4px;border-radius:8px;border: 0.5px solid black;background-color:#000000;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">17</div> <a href="/wiki/Teluk_Kumbar" title="Teluk Kumbar">Teluk Kumbar</a> <div style="display:inline-block;line-height:110%;vertical-align:middle; padding:1px 4px;border-radius:8px;border: 0.5px solid black;background-color:#000000;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">18</div> <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Island" title="Silicon Island">Silicon Island</a> <div style="display:inline-block;line-height:110%;vertical-align:middle; padding:1px 4px;border-radius:8px;border: 0.5px solid black;background-color:#000000;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">19</div> <a href="/wiki/Butterworth,_Seberang_Perai" title="Butterworth, Seberang Perai">Butterworth</a> <div style="display:inline-block;line-height:110%;vertical-align:middle; padding:1px 4px;border-radius:8px;border: 0.5px solid black;background-color:#000000;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">20</div> <a href="/wiki/Batu_Kawan" title="Batu Kawan">Batu Kawan</a> <div style="display:inline-block;line-height:110%;vertical-align:middle; padding:1px 4px;border-radius:8px;border: 0.5px solid black;background-color:#000000;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">21</div> <a href="/wiki/Bukit_Mertajam" title="Bukit Mertajam">Bukit Mertajam</a> <div style="display:inline-block;line-height:110%;vertical-align:middle; padding:1px 4px;border-radius:8px;border: 0.5px solid black;background-color:#000000;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">22</div> <a href="/wiki/Bukit_Minyak" title="Bukit Minyak">Bukit Minyak</a> <div style="display:inline-block;line-height:110%;vertical-align:middle; padding:1px 4px;border-radius:8px;border: 0.5px solid black;background-color:#000000;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">23</div> <a href="/wiki/Bukit_Tambun" title="Bukit Tambun">Bukit Tambun</a> <div style="display:inline-block;line-height:110%;vertical-align:middle; padding:1px 4px;border-radius:8px;border: 0.5px solid black;background-color:#000000;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">24</div> <a href="/wiki/Bukit_Tengah" title="Bukit Tengah">Bukit Tengah</a> <div style="display:inline-block;line-height:110%;vertical-align:middle; padding:1px 4px;border-radius:8px;border: 0.5px solid black;background-color:#000000;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">25</div> <a href="/wiki/Juru,_Malaysia" title="Juru, Malaysia">Juru</a> <div style="display:inline-block;line-height:110%;vertical-align:middle; padding:1px 4px;border-radius:8px;border: 0.5px solid black;background-color:#000000;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">26</div> <a href="/wiki/Kepala_Batas,_Seberang_Perai" title="Kepala Batas, Seberang Perai">Kepala Batas</a> <div style="display:inline-block;line-height:110%;vertical-align:middle; padding:1px 4px;border-radius:8px;border: 0.5px solid black;background-color:#000000;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">27</div> <a href="/wiki/Mak_Mandin" title="Mak Mandin">Mak Mandin</a> <div style="display:inline-block;line-height:110%;vertical-align:middle; padding:1px 4px;border-radius:8px;border: 0.5px solid black;background-color:#000000;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">28</div> <a href="/wiki/Nibong_Tebal" title="Nibong Tebal">Nibong Tebal</a> <div style="display:inline-block;line-height:110%;vertical-align:middle; padding:1px 4px;border-radius:8px;border: 0.5px solid black;background-color:#000000;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">29</div> <a href="/wiki/Perai" title="Perai">Perai</a> <div style="display:inline-block;line-height:110%;vertical-align:middle; padding:1px 4px;border-radius:8px;border: 0.5px solid black;background-color:#000000;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">30</div> <a href="/wiki/Permatang_Pauh" title="Permatang Pauh">Permatang Pauh</a> <div style="display:inline-block;line-height:110%;vertical-align:middle; padding:1px 4px;border-radius:8px;border: 0.5px solid black;background-color:#000000;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">31</div> <a href="/wiki/Seberang_Jaya" title="Seberang Jaya">Seberang Jaya</a> <div style="display:inline-block;line-height:110%;vertical-align:middle; padding:1px 4px;border-radius:8px;border: 0.5px solid black;background-color:#000000;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">32</div> <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Bakap" title="Sungai Bakap">Sungai Bakap</a> <div style="display:inline-block;line-height:110%;vertical-align:middle; padding:1px 4px;border-radius:8px;border: 0.5px solid black;background-color:#000000;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">33</div> <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Jawi" title="Sungai Jawi">Sungai Jawi</a> <div style="display:inline-block;line-height:110%;vertical-align:middle; padding:1px 4px;border-radius:8px;border: 0.5px solid black;background-color:#000000;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">34</div> <a href="/wiki/Tasek_Gelugor" title="Tasek Gelugor">Tasek Gelugor</a> <div style="display:inline-block;line-height:110%;vertical-align:middle; padding:1px 4px;border-radius:8px;border: 0.5px solid black;background-color:#000000;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">35</div> <a href="/wiki/Teluk_Air_Tawar" title="Teluk Air Tawar">Teluk Air Tawar</a> </div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topography">Topography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Topography">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andaman_Island_in_George_Town,_Penang_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Andaman_Island_in_George_Town%2C_Penang_2024.jpg/220px-Andaman_Island_in_George_Town%2C_Penang_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Andaman_Island_in_George_Town%2C_Penang_2024.jpg/330px-Andaman_Island_in_George_Town%2C_Penang_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Andaman_Island_in_George_Town%2C_Penang_2024.jpg/440px-Andaman_Island_in_George_Town%2C_Penang_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7816" data-file-height="5862" /></a><figcaption>The ongoing <a href="/wiki/Andaman_Island,_Penang" title="Andaman Island, Penang">Andaman Island</a> reclamation project in <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 2024.<a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a> <a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation" title="Land reclamation">Reclamation</a> allows the creation of valuable land for urban development, particularly in land-scarce Penang.<a href="#cite_note-Ramly-2008-121">[120]</a></figcaption></figure> Penang Island is irregularly shaped, with a hilly and mostly forested interior. The island's coastal plains are narrow, with the most extensive plain located at the northeastern cape.<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a> George Town, which started off as a small settlement at the northeastern tip of the island, has expanded over the centuries to encompass the entire island, although the marshy western coast remains relatively underdeveloped.<a href="#cite_note-Chau-2005-123">[122]</a> The highest point of the state is <a href="/wiki/Penang_Hill" title="Penang Hill">Penang Hill</a>, which stands at a height of 833 m (2,733 ft) at the centre of the island. On the other hand, Seberang Perai has mostly flat topography, save for a hilly region along the eastern border with Kedah.<a href="#cite_note-Rahman-2000b-124">[123]</a> Due to land scarcity in George Town, <a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation" title="Land reclamation">land reclamation</a> projects have been undertaken at high-demand areas, particularly along the island's east coast.<a href="#cite_note-Ramly-2008-121">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chee-2017-125">[124]</a> In 2023, a massive reclamation project commenced off the city's southern coast to build the 920 ha (2,300-acre) <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Island" title="Silicon Island">Silicon Island</a>, envisioned as a new hub for high-tech manufacturing and commerce.<a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a> Following years of reclamation works, the <a href="/wiki/Gurney_Drive,_George_Town" title="Gurney Drive, George Town">Gurney Drive</a> shoreline is also being transformed into <a href="/wiki/Gurney_Bay" title="Gurney Bay">Gurney Bay</a>, intended as "a new iconic waterfront destination for Penang".<a href="#cite_note-Opalyn_Mok-2016-127">[126]</a> The major rivers within Penang include the <a href="/wiki/Pinang_River_(Penang)" title="Pinang River (Penang)">Pinang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perai_River" title="Perai River">Perai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muda_River" title="Muda River">Muda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kerian_River" title="Kerian River">Kerian</a> rivers. The Muda River serves as the northern border between Seberang Perai and <a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a>, while the Kerian River forms part of the southern boundary between Seberang Perai, Kedah and <a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rahman-2000a-128">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Penang <a href="/wiki/Bayan_Lepas" title="Bayan Lepas">(Bayan Lepas)</a> (1961-1990) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.6 (88.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2 (90.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2 (90.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.9 (89.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.6 (88.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.4 (88.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0 (87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.9 (87.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.4 (86.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.4 (86.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.7 (87.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.1 (88.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">31.3 (88.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9 (80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4 (81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6 (81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7 (81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6 (81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3 (81.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9 (80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.8 (80.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5 (79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4 (79.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5 (79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7 (80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">27.0 (80.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2 (73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5 (74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7 (74.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.1 (75.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2 (75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8 (74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4 (74.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4 (74.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2 (73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3 (73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3 (73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4 (74.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">23.5 (74.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #98FF98; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.7 (2.70) </td> <td style="background: #89FF89; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.7 (2.82) </td> <td style="background: #24FF24; color:#000000;" class="notheme">146.4 (5.76) </td> <td style="background: #00AA00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">220.5 (8.68) </td> <td style="background: #00CE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">203.4 (8.01) </td> <td style="background: #00EB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">178.0 (7.01) </td> <td style="background: #00DF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">192.1 (7.56) </td> <td style="background: #009400; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">242.4 (9.54) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">356.1 (14.02) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">383.0 (15.08) </td> <td style="background: #009900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">231.8 (9.13) </td> <td style="background: #55FF55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">113.5 (4.47) </td> <td style="background: #00CD00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,407.6 (94.79) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) </th> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #ADADFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #4C4CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #1919FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18 </td> <td style="background: #1414FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">19 </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">146 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">248.8 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">233.2 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">235.3 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">224.5 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">203.6 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">202.4 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">205.5 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">188.8 </td> <td style="background: #CBCB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">161.0 </td> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">170.2 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">182.1 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">209.0 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,464.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: NOAA<a href="#cite_note-NOAA2-129">[128]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div>Penang has a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest_climate" title="Tropical rainforest climate">tropical rainforest climate</a> under the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> (Af). The state experiences relatively consistent temperatures throughout the course of the year, with an average high of about 32 °C and an average low of 24°C.<a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a> Penang's proximity to <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a> makes it susceptible to dust particles carried by wind from transient forest fires that create the perennial <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_haze" title="Southeast Asian haze">Southeast Asian haze</a>.<a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a> The Penang Meteorological Office at <a href="/wiki/Bayan_Lepas" title="Bayan Lepas">Bayan Lepas</a> is the primary weather forecast facility for northwestern Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nature">Nature</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Nature">edit</a>]</div> In spite of rapid urbanisation, Penang has managed to preserve a significant portion of its natural environment. Within the state, 7,761 ha (77.61 km2) have been designated as protected forest reserves.<a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a> In 2021, the 12,481 ha (124.81 km2) Penang Hill Biosphere Reserve was designated a <a href="/wiki/World_Network_of_Biosphere_Reserves" title="World Network of Biosphere Reserves">UNESCO Biosphere Reserve</a> in recognition of the area's biodiversity.<a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-2022-134">[133]</a> The gazetted nature reserve includes the <a href="/wiki/Penang_National_Park" title="Penang National Park">Penang National Park</a>, which covers 2,562 ha (25.62 km2) of the northwestern tip of the island.<a href="#cite_note-Vimal-2022-135">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hong-2010-136">[135]</a> It has been identified as one of the state's ecotourism destinations, alongside the <a href="/wiki/Penang_Botanic_Gardens" title="Penang Botanic Gardens">Penang Botanic Gardens</a> and the Tropical Spice Garden.<a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Penang" title="Economy of Penang">Economy of Penang</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox" style="width:26.0em;padding:0;"><caption class="infobox-title adr">Economy of Penang</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightblue;">Statistics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a></th><td class="infobox-data">US$28.016 billion (2023)<a href="#cite_note-GDP_by_state_2024-138">[137]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">GDP growth</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3.3% (2023)<a href="#cite_note-GDP_by_state_2024-138">[137]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">GDP per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data">US$15,814 (2023)<a href="#cite_note-GDP_by_state_2024-138">[137]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini coefficient</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">0.371 (2022)<a href="#cite_note-dosm2024-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">Human Development Index</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">0.839 (2023)<a href="#cite_note-MHDI_2024-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Labour force</div></th><td class="infobox-data">71.3% (participation rate in 2023)<a href="#cite_note-dosm2024-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unemployment</th><td class="infobox-data">2.2% (2023)<a href="#cite_note-dosm2024-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightblue;">External</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment" title="Foreign direct investment">FDI</a> stock</div></th><td class="infobox-data">US$13.4 billion (2023)<a href="#cite_note-mida23-139">[138]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightblue;">Public finances</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_government_debt" title="List of countries by government debt">Government debt</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">US$9.93 million<a href="#cite_note-Mashut-2017-140">[139]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background:lightblue;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em;padding:0.2em;"> All values, unless otherwise stated, are in <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US dollars</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1279587269">.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie{display:none;position:relative;width:100px;height:100px;border-radius:50%;background-color:yellowgreen;color:black;border:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie div{position:absolute;transform-origin:left bottom;background-color:#655;color:black;top:0;left:50%;width:50%;height:50%;border-radius:0 500%0 0}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie50{transform-origin:left center;height:100%;border-radius:0 100%100%0/50%}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie12-5{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,100%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie5{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,32.49197%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie7{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,47.056428%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie1{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,6.2914667%0%,0 100%)}@supports(clip-path:circle(50%)){.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie{display:block}}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-container{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:1em;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend{list-style-type:none!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend>li{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:.5em;margin:0;margin-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend>li>span{display:block;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend>li>.l-color{border:1px solid var(--color-base,black);width:.8em;height:.8em;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .pie-thumb .smooth-pie-container{padding:.5em;padding-bottom:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .pie-thumb .smooth-pie-caption{margin-bottom:1em;font-size:94%}.mw-parser-output .thumbinner>.smooth-pie-container{flex-direction:column-reverse}@media screen and (min-width:641px){.mw-parser-output .thumbinner>.smooth-pie-container{width:min-content}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-container{break-inside:avoid-page}}body.mw-mf .mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-container{align-items:center}body.mw-mf .mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-legend-container{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.5;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-legend{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(190px,1fr));gap:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-footer{margin-top:.5em}}</style> <div class="pie-thumb thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="smooth-pie-container" style=""> <div class="smooth-pie-legend-container"><div class="smooth-pie-caption">Economic sectors in Penang by GDP share (2023)<a href="#cite_note-GDP_by_state_2024-138">[137]</a></div> <ol class="smooth-pie-legend"> <li>Services (48%)</li> <li>Manufacturing (46.5%)</li> <li>Construction (2.9%)</li> <li>Agriculture (1.9%)</li> <li>Mining (0.1%)</li> </ol> </div> <div class="smooth-pie" style="width:200px;height:200px;background:#FEFDFD;color:#000;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;" title="Other (0.60%)" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="pie25" style="background:red;color:#000" title="Services (48%)"></div> <div class="pie25" style="background:red;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.230turn)" title="Services (48%)"></div> <div class="pie25" style="background:green;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.480turn)" title="Manufacturing (46.5%)"></div> <div class="pie25" style="background:green;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.695turn)" title="Manufacturing (46.5%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.945turn); background:blue;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 18.42560853% 0%, 0 100%)" title="Construction (2.9%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.974turn); background:yellow;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 11.99508981% 0%, 0 100%)" title="Agriculture (1.9%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.993turn); background:orange;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 0.62832680% 0%, 0 100%)" title="Mining (0.1%)"></div> </div> </div></div></div> Despite its small size, Penang has one of the most robust economies in Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a> The state's <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">tertiary-based economy</a> is largely driven by the manufacturing and services sectors.<a href="#cite_note-Stats-Malaysia-2022-142">[141]</a> In 2023, Penang's <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> was worth nearly RM128.593 billion (US$28.016 billion) with a growth rate of 3.3%.<a href="#cite_note-GDP_by_state_2024-138">[137]</a> Penang's GDP per capita of RM72,586 (US$15,814) was the highest among <a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">Malaysian states</a>, surpassing the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>'s threshold of US$14,005 to be considered a <a href="/wiki/World_Bank_high-income_economy" title="World Bank high-income economy">high-income economy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GDP_by_state_2024-138">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-wb-143">[142]</a> In addition, the <a href="/wiki/George_Town_Conurbation" title="George Town Conurbation">George Town Conurbation</a> had a GDP worth US$30 billion in 2020, making it the second largest <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_economy" title="Metropolitan economy">metropolitan economy</a> in Malaysia after the <a href="/wiki/Klang_Valley" title="Klang Valley">Klang Valley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GDPdistrict-144">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-145">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-146">[145]</a> Penang contributed approximately RM7 billion (US$1.69 billion) of Malaysia's yearly tax revenue and consistently records one of the lowest unemployment rates in the nation – at 2.2% as of 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dosm2024-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Opalyn_Mok-2023a-147">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ong-2017-148">[147]</a> Average monthly salaries rose to RM3,557 (US$859.18), the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_states_by_mean_wage_and_median_wage#Mean_salary_map" title="List of Malaysian states by mean wage and median wage">second highest among Malaysian states</a> after <a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a>, while labour force participation rate increased to 71.3% from 70.1% in the previous year.<a href="#cite_note-dosm2024-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[148]</a> Penang is the top destination in Malaysia for foreign investors, capturing US$13.4 billion – or nearly 33% – of the country's inbound <a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment" title="Foreign direct investment">foreign direct investments</a> (FDI) in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-mida23-139">[138]</a> As of 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit">[update]</a>, the bulk of Penang's FDI originated from the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dosm2024-3">[3]</a> The state has also attracted hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinational corporations</a> (MNCs) to its shores and plays a growing role in the global electronics supply chain, holding a share of more than 5% in the world's semiconductor sales.<a href="#cite_note-Parker-2018-150">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a> Penang is concurrently <a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_states_and_municipalities_by_exports" title="List of Malaysian states and municipalities by exports">Malaysia's largest exporter</a>, accounting for over RM447 billion (US$107.97 billion) – or 31% – of the country's exports in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-Trade_statistics_2024-152">[151]</a> The services sector has been growing in tandem as well, with Penang being the second most popular hub in Malaysia for Global Business Services (GBS) and the financial heart of the country's northwestern region, complemented by the state's traditional popularity as a destination for tourism, <a href="/wiki/MICE_tourism" title="MICE tourism">business events</a> and health care.<a href="#cite_note-Opalyn_Mok-2018-153">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[153]</a> Penang's economic renaissance, particularly since 2008, was described by <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg</a> as Malaysia's "biggest economic success", in spite of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Malaysia" title="Government of Malaysia">federal government</a>'s focus on other states such as Johor and Sarawak.<a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Penang" title="Government of Penang">Penang state government</a> has also managed to pare down public debt to RM41.1 million (US$9.93 million) by 2022.<a href="#cite_note-Mashut-2017-140">[139]</a> In addition, Penang's <a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">Human Development Index</a> (HDI) value increased to 0.839 as of 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit">[update]</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_states_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Malaysian states by Human Development Index">the highest of all Malaysian states</a> excluding the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Territories_of_Malaysia" title="Federal Territories of Malaysia">federal territories</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MHDI_2024-4">[4]</a> The booming economy has also led to a considerable interest in real estate in Penang. In 2016, <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a> was ranked Malaysia's most attractive destination for commercial property investment by <a href="/wiki/Knight_Frank" title="Knight Frank">Knight Frank</a>, surpassing even Kuala Lumpur.<a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a> In 2023, Penang's residential market was ranked the second most popular in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> after Singapore.<a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manufacturing">Manufacturing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Manufacturing">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bayan_Lepas_Free_Industrial_Zone_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Bayan_Lepas_Free_Industrial_Zone_2023.jpg/250px-Bayan_Lepas_Free_Industrial_Zone_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Bayan_Lepas_Free_Industrial_Zone_2023.jpg/330px-Bayan_Lepas_Free_Industrial_Zone_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Bayan_Lepas_Free_Industrial_Zone_2023.jpg/500px-Bayan_Lepas_Free_Industrial_Zone_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8064" data-file-height="6048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bayan_Lepas_Free_Industrial_Zone" title="Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone">Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone</a>, known as the Silicon Valley of the East, was the first designated <a href="/wiki/Free-trade_zone" title="Free-trade zone">free-trade zone</a> in post-independence Malaysia and is now a major electronics manufacturing hub.<a href="#cite_note-Parker-2018-150">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a></figcaption></figure>In the early years following Malaya's independence, Penang's industrialisation efforts were limited to <a href="/wiki/Import_substitution_industrialization" title="Import substitution industrialization">import substitution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Athukorala-2012-74">[73]</a> This was when <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a> still enjoyed its free port status.<a href="#cite_note-Goh-2014-50">[49]</a> The first industrial estates were built in the 1960s at <a href="/wiki/Mak_Mandin" title="Mak Mandin">Mak Mandin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Perai" title="Perai">Perai</a> during the tenure of Penang's first <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Penang" title="Chief Minister of Penang">Chief Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Wong_Pow_Nee" title="Wong Pow Nee">Wong Pow Nee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a> However, the revocation of George Town's free port status and the fall of Wong's administration in 1969 marked a turning point in Penang's economic fortunes.<a href="#cite_note-Goh-2014-50">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-Athukorala-2012-74">[73]</a> Wong's successor, <a href="/wiki/Lim_Chong_Eu" title="Lim Chong Eu">Lim Chong Eu</a>, initiated a massive transformation of Penang's economy.<a href="#cite_note-Athukorala-2012-74">[73]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bayan_Lepas_Free_Industrial_Zone" title="Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone">Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone</a> (Bayan Lepas FIZ) in <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a> was established in 1972, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Perai_Free_Industrial_Zone" title="Perai Free Industrial Zone">Perai Free Industrial Zone</a> (Perai FIZ) in 1980.<a href="#cite_note-Athukorala-2012-74">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nijkamp-160">[159]</a> The zones played a critical role in reviving Penang's economy and driving the state's economic growth in the late 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-Ooi-2009-72">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ooi-2010-76">[75]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Penang" title="Government of Penang">Penang state government</a> has since embarked on building newer industrial parks within <a href="/wiki/Seberang_Perai" title="Seberang Perai">Seberang Perai</a> where land is more readily available, such as at <a href="/wiki/Seberang_Jaya" title="Seberang Jaya">Seberang Jaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bukit_Minyak" title="Bukit Minyak">Bukit Minyak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Batu_Kawan" title="Batu Kawan">Batu Kawan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MIDA-2021-161">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a> Penang's manufacturing sector attracted US$13.1 billion of <a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment" title="Foreign direct investment">foreign direct investments</a> (FDI) in 2023, accounting for almost 47% of Malaysia's total that year.<a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a> Among the hundreds of MNCs with manufacturing operations in Penang are <a href="/wiki/Technology_company" title="Technology company">technology firms</a> such as <a href="/wiki/AMD" title="AMD">AMD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosch_(company)" title="Bosch (company)">Bosch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broadcom" title="Broadcom">Broadcom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dell" title="Dell">Dell</a>, <a href="/wiki/HP_Inc." title="HP Inc.">HP Inc.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motorola" title="Motorola">Motorola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osram_Opto_Semiconductors_GmbH" title="Osram Opto Semiconductors GmbH">Osram</a> and <a href="/wiki/Renesas_Electronics" title="Renesas Electronics">Renesas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MIDA-20212-165">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[165]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a> in 2024, Penang is well-positioned to benefit from the ongoing <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">China–United States trade war</a>, as restrictions push businesses to adopt the <a href="/wiki/China_Plus_One" title="China Plus One">China Plus One</a> strategy.<a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Services">Services</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Services">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Skyline_of_George_Town,_Penang_at_night_January_2025_02-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Skyline_of_George_Town%2C_Penang_at_night_January_2025_02-01.jpg/250px-Skyline_of_George_Town%2C_Penang_at_night_January_2025_02-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Skyline_of_George_Town%2C_Penang_at_night_January_2025_02-01.jpg/330px-Skyline_of_George_Town%2C_Penang_at_night_January_2025_02-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Skyline_of_George_Town%2C_Penang_at_night_January_2025_02-01.jpg/500px-Skyline_of_George_Town%2C_Penang_at_night_January_2025_02-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7979" data-file-height="5984" /></a><figcaption>Skyscrapers along <a href="/wiki/Gurney_Drive,_George_Town" title="Gurney Drive, George Town">Gurney Drive</a>, part of <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a>'s <a href="/wiki/George_Town_Central_Business_District,_Penang" title="George Town Central Business District, Penang">Central Business District</a> (CBD).</figcaption></figure> The services sector contributed 48% of Penang's GDP as of 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit">[update]</a> and employed almost <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>3⁄5 of the state's workforce.<a href="#cite_note-dosm2024-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-GDP_by_state_2024-138">[137]</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a> is the commercial hub of northern Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a> As of 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit">[update]</a>, finance and ancillary services contributed 9% of Penang's GDP.<a href="#cite_note-GDP_by_state_2024-138">[137]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Penang_International_Airport" title="Penang International Airport">Penang International Airport</a> (PIA) is the country's third busiest and in 2023, handled RM365 billion (US$93 billion) worth of exports, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_states_and_municipalities_by_exports#Exports_by_city_and_municipality" title="List of Malaysian states and municipalities by exports">highest of all entry points nationwide</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Dept_Statistics_Malaysia-2023-170">[169]</a> In 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Penang" title="Port of Penang">Port of Penang</a> processed over 1.4 million <a href="/wiki/Twenty-foot_equivalent_unit" title="Twenty-foot equivalent unit">TEUs</a> of cargo, the third highest among Malaysia's seaports.<a href="#cite_note-Ministry_of_Transport_2024-171">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-172">[171]</a> Traditionally one of Malaysia's most popular tourist destinations, Penang has embarked on <a href="/wiki/Economic_diversity" title="Economic diversity">economic diversification</a> by expanding its tourism offerings in areas such as <a href="/wiki/Medical_tourism" title="Medical tourism">health care</a>, <a href="/wiki/MICE_tourism" title="MICE tourism">business events</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecotourism" title="Ecotourism">ecotourism</a> and cruise arrivals.<a href="#cite_note-Penang_state_govt-2021b-173">[172]</a> Penang is the leading destination in Malaysia for <a href="/wiki/Medical_tourism" title="Medical tourism">medical tourism</a>, as well as the country's second most popular destination for meetings, incentives, conferences and exhibitions (MICE) after Kuala Lumpur.<a href="#cite_note-Mulyanto-2023-174">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[175]</a> The state's retail sector is characterised by a diverse range of establishments, including modern shopping malls and traditional shophouses that specialise in local delicacies and produce.<a href="#cite_note-Mui-20032-177">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ng-20062-178">[177]</a> Penang is also a major hub for <a href="/wiki/Outsourcing" title="Outsourcing">shared services and outsourcing</a> (SSO). By 2016, the state attracted RM4.1 billion of investments for global business services (GBS), the second largest share in the country after Kuala Lumpur.<a href="#cite_note-Opalyn_Mok-2018a-179">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Offshoring" title="Offshoring">offshore</a> expansion of multinational firms to Penang has led to the creation of thousands of jobs and an increased demand for new office spaces within the state.<a href="#cite_note-Opalyn_Mok-2018a-179">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[180]</a> In addition, Penang is home to a thriving <a href="/wiki/Startup_company" title="Startup company">startup</a> community, driven by home-grown companies like <a href="/wiki/Piktochart" title="Piktochart">Piktochart</a> and DeliverEat.<a href="#cite_note-Chia-2017-182">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[182]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utilities">Utilities</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Utilities">edit</a>]</div> Water supply, which comes under the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Penang" title="Government of Penang">Penang state government</a>, is wholly managed by the <a href="/wiki/Penang_Water_Supply_Corporation" title="Penang Water Supply Corporation">Penang Water Supply Corporation</a> (PBAPP). The state enjoys the lowest domestic <a href="/wiki/Water_tariff" title="Water tariff">water tariff</a> in Malaysia, at RM0.32 (US$0.08) per 1,000 litres, but also records the highest domestic water consumption per capita in Malaysia at 278 L (61 imp gal; 73 US gal) in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-184">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[184]</a> Over 80% of Penang's water supply comes from the <a href="/wiki/Muda_River" title="Muda River">Muda River</a>, which forms the northern border between <a href="/wiki/Seberang_Perai" title="Seberang Perai">Seberang Perai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-186">[185]</a> This leaves the state vulnerable to effluents from upstream Kedah, as well as constant political disputes between the neighbouring states over the river.<a href="#cite_note-187">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[187]</a> To counter water supply disruptions, PBAPP has contingency plans in place to draw water from alternative sources such as the <a href="/wiki/Ayer_Itam_Dam" title="Ayer Itam Dam">Ayer Itam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teluk_Bahang_Dam" title="Teluk Bahang Dam">Teluk Bahang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mengkuang_Dam" title="Mengkuang Dam">Mengkuang</a> dams.<a href="#cite_note-189">[188]</a> The state government has also been negotiating with neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a> to secure additional water supply.<a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a> In 1904, <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a> became the first city within <a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">British Malaya</a> to be supplied with electricity.<a href="#cite_note-191">[190]</a> At present, electricity for industrial and domestic consumption is provided by <a href="/wiki/Tenaga_Nasional" title="Tenaga Nasional">Tenaga Nasional</a> (TNB). In 2024, TNB built a RM500 million (US$120.77 million) overhead power grid comprising 31 <a href="/wiki/High-voltage_direct_current#Monopole" title="High-voltage direct current">monopole</a> <a href="/wiki/Transmission_tower" title="Transmission tower">transmission towers</a> across the <a href="/wiki/Penang_Strait" title="Penang Strait">Penang Strait</a>, boosting power transmission to George Town to 2,000 MW.<a href="#cite_note-The_Star-2022a-192">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Star-2022b-193">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a> Collaboration between TNB and the two city governments in Penang to replace existing street lighting with energy-efficient <a href="/wiki/LED_street_light" title="LED street light">LED street lights</a> is ongoing.<a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a> <a href="/wiki/Municipal_solid_waste" title="Municipal solid waste">Municipal solid waste</a> is disposed at the Pulau Burung landfill in Seberang Perai.<a href="#cite_note-196">[195]</a> The amount of solid waste generated in Penang has been steadily increasing over the years, from 838,365 metric tons in 2009 to 1,518,010 metric tons in 2019, with an average increase of 6.5%.<a href="#cite_note-Penang_report_2020-197">[196]</a> However, Penang boasts the highest recycling rate in the country, standing at 47% as of 2019<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Penang_report_2020-197">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[197]</a> To streamline the waste management process, the two city governments reintroduced a <a href="/wiki/Waste_sorting" title="Waste sorting">waste sorting</a> policy in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-199">[198]</a> In 2020, Penang had become the first Malaysian state to require the installation of <a href="/wiki/Fiber-optic_communication" title="Fiber-optic communication">fibre-optic communication infrastructure</a> for all development projects.<a href="#cite_note-200">[199]</a> As of September 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit">[update]</a>, <a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a> coverage had reached 73.4% of the populated areas in the state.<a href="#cite_note-201">[200]</a> In 2024, <a href="/wiki/DE-CIX" title="DE-CIX">DE-CIX</a> inaugurated the Penang Internet Exchange (PIX), with internet traffic being routed through a <a href="/wiki/Data_center" title="Data center">data centre</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bayan_Baru" title="Bayan Baru">Bayan Baru</a>.<a href="#cite_note-202">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[202]</a> State government agencies have been promoting the <a href="/wiki/Digital_economy" title="Digital economy">digital economy</a> and intensifying efforts to attract high-value <a href="/wiki/Technology_company" title="Technology company">technology players</a> to further boost the state's economic growth.<a href="#cite_note-204">[203]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Transportation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Penang" title="Transport in Penang">Transport in Penang</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Land">Land</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Land">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Penang_Bridge_2025.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/View_of_Penang_Bridge_2025.jpg/220px-View_of_Penang_Bridge_2025.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/View_of_Penang_Bridge_2025.jpg/330px-View_of_Penang_Bridge_2025.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/View_of_Penang_Bridge_2025.jpg/440px-View_of_Penang_Bridge_2025.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2984" data-file-height="2238" /></a><figcaption>Middle span of the <a href="/wiki/Penang_Bridge" title="Penang Bridge">Penang Bridge</a>, with <a href="/wiki/High-voltage_direct_current#Monopole" title="High-voltage direct current">monopole</a> <a href="/wiki/Transmission_tower" title="Transmission tower">transmission towers</a> in the background, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 2025.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_in_George_Town,_Penang" title="List of streets in George Town, Penang">List of streets in George Town, Penang</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Penang_Island" title="Penang Island">Penang Island</a> is physically connected to mainland <a href="/wiki/Seberang_Perai" title="Seberang Perai">Seberang Perai</a> by two road bridges – the 13.5 km (8.4 mi) <a href="/wiki/Penang_Bridge" title="Penang Bridge">Penang Bridge</a> and the 24 km (15 mi) <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Abdul_Halim_Muadzam_Shah_Bridge" title="Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge">Second Penang Bridge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ICE-2023-205">[204]</a> Seberang Perai is accessible through the <a href="/wiki/North%E2%80%93South_Expressway_(Malaysia)" title="North–South Expressway (Malaysia)">North-South Expressway</a>, a 966 km-long (600 mi) expressway that stretches along the western part of <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia" title="Peninsular Malaysia">Peninsular Malaysia</a>. Furthermore, the <a href="/wiki/Keretapi_Tanah_Melayu" title="Keretapi Tanah Melayu">Keretapi Tanah Melayu</a> (KTM) <a href="/wiki/KTM_West_Coast_railway_line" title="KTM West Coast railway line">West Coast Line</a> runs through the city, with the <a href="/wiki/Butterworth_railway_station" title="Butterworth railway station">Butterworth railway station</a> serving as the principal terminal in northwestern Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-206">[205]</a> Aside from regular KTM services, Butterworth is also one of the main stops of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_and_Oriental_Express" title="Eastern and Oriental Express">Eastern and Oriental Express service</a> between <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a> and <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>.<a href="#cite_note-207">[206]</a> <a href="/wiki/Penang_Sentral" title="Penang Sentral">Penang Sentral</a> is the main transit hub within Penang, located in close proximity to the <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Abdul_Halim_Ferry_Terminal" title="Sultan Abdul Halim Ferry Terminal">Sultan Abdul Halim Ferry Terminal</a> and the Butterworth railway station.<a href="#cite_note-208">[207]</a> Within George Town, the <a href="/wiki/Tun_Dr_Lim_Chong_Eu_Expressway" title="Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu Expressway">Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu Expressway</a> is a coastal highway that runs along the city's eastern seaboard, connecting the <a href="/wiki/Central_George_Town,_Penang" title="Central George Town, Penang">city centre</a> with the Penang Bridge, the <a href="/wiki/Bayan_Lepas_Free_Industrial_Zone" title="Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone">Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone</a> and the Second Penang Bridge.<a href="#cite_note-209">[208]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Federal_Route_6" title="Malaysia Federal Route 6">Federal Route 6</a> is a pan-island trunk road that circles the city, while the <a href="/wiki/George_Town_Inner_Ring_Road" title="George Town Inner Ring Road">George Town Inner Ring Road</a> serves as the main thoroughfare within the city centre.<a href="#cite_note-jkr-210">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[210]</a> Meanwhile, the major <a href="/wiki/Toll_road" title="Toll road">toll routes</a> within Seberang Perai include the <a href="/wiki/Butterworth_Outer_Ring_Road" title="Butterworth Outer Ring Road">Butterworth Outer Ring Road</a> (BORR) and the <a href="/wiki/Butterworth%E2%80%93Kulim_Expressway" title="Butterworth–Kulim Expressway">Butterworth-Kulim Expressway</a>.<a href="#cite_note-212">[211]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Public_transportation">Public transportation</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Public transportation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Funicular_to_the_top_of_the_Penang_Hill,_Georgetown,_Penang,_Malaysia.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Funicular_to_the_top_of_the_Penang_Hill%2C_Georgetown%2C_Penang%2C_Malaysia.JPG/220px-Funicular_to_the_top_of_the_Penang_Hill%2C_Georgetown%2C_Penang%2C_Malaysia.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Funicular_to_the_top_of_the_Penang_Hill%2C_Georgetown%2C_Penang%2C_Malaysia.JPG/330px-Funicular_to_the_top_of_the_Penang_Hill%2C_Georgetown%2C_Penang%2C_Malaysia.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Funicular_to_the_top_of_the_Penang_Hill%2C_Georgetown%2C_Penang%2C_Malaysia.JPG/440px-Funicular_to_the_top_of_the_Penang_Hill%2C_Georgetown%2C_Penang%2C_Malaysia.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Penang_Hill_Railway" title="Penang Hill Railway">Penang Hill Railway</a>, Malaysia's only funicular railway system, ascends slopes that are said to be the steepest in the world at an angle of 27.9°.<a href="#cite_note-213">[212]</a></figcaption></figure><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_bus_routes_in_Penang" title="List of bus routes in Penang">List of bus routes in Penang</a>; <a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Penang_Island" title="Cycling in Penang Island">Cycling in Penang Island</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_George_Town,_Penang" title="Trolleybuses in George Town, Penang">Trolleybuses in George Town, Penang</a></div> Under British rule, <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a> was a pioneer in public transportation within <a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">Malaya</a>. The city's first tram system, originally powered by steam, began operations in the 1880s, but the trams became obsolete by 1936.<a href="#cite_note-214">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[214]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Cycle_rickshaw" title="Cycle rickshaw">trishaw</a> from the colonial era still plies the city's streets, catering primarily to tourists.<a href="#cite_note-216">[215]</a> <a href="/wiki/Transit_bus" title="Transit bus">Public buses</a> form the backbone of public transportation in Penang. Established in 2007, <a href="/wiki/Rapid_Penang" title="Rapid Penang">Rapid Penang</a> is the state's main public transport operator, with 46 active routes throughout the <a href="/wiki/George_Town_Conurbation" title="George Town Conurbation">George Town Conurbation</a> including interstate routes into the neighbouring towns of <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Petani" title="Sungai Petani">Sungai Petani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kulim_District" title="Kulim District">Kulim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kerian_District" title="Kerian District">Kerian</a>.<a href="#cite_note-217">[216]</a> The only rail-based transportation system within Penang is the century-old <a href="/wiki/Penang_Hill_Railway" title="Penang Hill Railway">Penang Hill Railway</a>, a funicular service to the peak of <a href="/wiki/Penang_Hill" title="Penang Hill">Penang Hill</a>.<a href="#cite_note-218">[217]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Penang_Hill_cable_car" title="Penang Hill cable car">cable car system is being constructed</a> as of 2025<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit">[update]</a> to reduce overreliance on the railway.<a href="#cite_note-:0-219">[218]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Penang" title="Government of Penang">Penang state government</a> has also planned to introduce <a href="/wiki/Urban_rail_transit" title="Urban rail transit">urban rail</a> throughout the state as part of the <a href="/wiki/Penang_Transport_Master_Plan" title="Penang Transport Master Plan">Penang Transport Master Plan</a>. In 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Malaysia" title="Government of Malaysia">Malaysian federal government</a> assumed control of the <a href="/wiki/Mutiara_line" title="Mutiara line">Mutiara LRT line</a> from the state government. Spanning a distance of 29.5 km (18.3 mi), the line is the first domestic <a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">light rail system</a> outside the <a href="/wiki/Klang_Valley" title="Klang Valley">Klang Valley</a>, and will link the cities of George Town and <a href="/wiki/Seberang_Perai" title="Seberang Perai">Seberang Perai</a>.<a href="#cite_note-The_Sun-2024-220">[219]</a> Construction commenced in 2025 and is expected to be complete by 2031.<a href="#cite_note-221">[220]</a> To promote urban mobility, pedestrian and cycling infrastructure throughout the state are also being upgraded.<a href="#cite_note-222">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chan-2017b-223">[222]</a> In 2016, George Town became the first city in Malaysia to operate a <a href="/wiki/Bicycle-sharing_system" title="Bicycle-sharing system">public bicycle-sharing service</a> with the inauguration of <a href="/wiki/LinkBike" title="LinkBike">LinkBike</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Chan-2017a-224">[223]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Air">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Penang_International_Airport_Dec2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Penang_International_Airport_Dec2024.jpg/220px-Penang_International_Airport_Dec2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Penang_International_Airport_Dec2024.jpg/330px-Penang_International_Airport_Dec2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Penang_International_Airport_Dec2024.jpg/440px-Penang_International_Airport_Dec2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5677" data-file-height="4258" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Penang_International_Airport" title="Penang International Airport">Penang International Airport</a> (PIA) has an annual capacity of 6.5 million passengers, but passenger traffic had already exceeded its capacity even before the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-225">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[225]</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Penang_International_Airport" title="Penang International Airport">Penang International Airport</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Penang_International_Airport" title="Penang International Airport">Penang International Airport</a> (PIA) is located 16 km (9.9 mi) south of <a href="/wiki/Central_George_Town,_Penang" title="Central George Town, Penang">downtown George Town</a>. It serves as the main airport for northwestern Malaysia, with services to major regional cities such as <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Penang_state_govt-2021a-227">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[227]</a> PIA is <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_Malaysia" title="List of the busiest airports in Malaysia">Malaysia's third busiest airport in passenger traffic</a>, recording more than 7.6 million passengers in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-Ministry_of_Transport-2023a-229">[228]</a> It is also the country's second busiest in terms of cargo tonnage and handles the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_states_and_municipalities_by_exports#Exports_by_city_and_municipality" title="List of Malaysian states and municipalities by exports">largest export volume of all entry points nationwide</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Dept_Statistics_Malaysia-2023-170">[169]</a> As of 2025<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit">[update]</a>, the airport is being upgraded to raise its annual capacity from 6.5 million passengers to 12 million by 2028.<a href="#cite_note-:0-219">[218]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sea">Sea</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Sea">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Port_of_Penang,_Seberang_Perai_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Port_of_Penang%2C_Seberang_Perai_2024.jpg/220px-Port_of_Penang%2C_Seberang_Perai_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Port_of_Penang%2C_Seberang_Perai_2024.jpg/330px-Port_of_Penang%2C_Seberang_Perai_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Port_of_Penang%2C_Seberang_Perai_2024.jpg/440px-Port_of_Penang%2C_Seberang_Perai_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8064" data-file-height="6048" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Penang" title="Port of Penang">Port of Penang</a> was declared a <a href="/wiki/Free_economic_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Free economic zone">Free Commercial Zone</a> (FCZ) in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-230">[229]</a></figcaption></figure> Formerly a vital British <a href="/wiki/Entrep%C3%B4t" title="Entrepôt">entrepôt</a>, Penang's maritime trade has significantly declined due to the loss of <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a>'s free-port status in 1969 and the concurrent development of <a href="/wiki/Port_Klang" title="Port Klang">Port Klang</a> near the federal capital <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Goh-2014-50">[49]</a> Despite this, the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Penang" title="Port of Penang">Port of Penang</a> remains the primary harbour for northwestern Malaysia and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Thailand" title="Southern Thailand">southern Thailand</a>.<a href="#cite_note-231">[230]</a> It handled more than 1.4 million <a href="/wiki/Twenty-foot_equivalent_unit" title="Twenty-foot equivalent unit">TEUs</a> of cargo in 2024, the third highest among Malaysia's seaports.<a href="#cite_note-GDP_by_state_2024-138">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-172">[171]</a> <a href="/wiki/Swettenham_Pier" title="Swettenham Pier">Swettenham Pier</a>, situated within <a href="/wiki/George_Town_Central_Business_District,_Penang" title="George Town Central Business District, Penang">downtown George Town</a>, accommodates cruise ships and is one of the major entry points into the city. In 2017, Swettenham Pier recorded 125 port calls, surpassing <a href="/wiki/Port_Klang" title="Port Klang">Port Klang</a> as the busiest cruise shipping terminal in Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-The_Sun-2017-232">[231]</a> The pier has attracted some of the world's largest cruise liners, such as the <a href="/wiki/Queen_Mary_2" title="Queen Mary 2">Queen Mary 2</a>, and also sees occasional port visits by warships.<a href="#cite_note-233">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-234">[233]</a> The cross-strait <a href="/wiki/Penang_ferry_service" title="Penang ferry service">Penang ferry service</a> connects George Town and <a href="/wiki/Seberang_Perai" title="Seberang Perai">Seberang Perai</a>, and was formerly the only transportation link between the island city and the mainland until the completion of the <a href="/wiki/Penang_Bridge" title="Penang Bridge">Penang Bridge</a> in 1985. At present, four ferries ply the <a href="/wiki/Penang_Strait" title="Penang Strait">Penang Strait</a> between both cities daily.<a href="#cite_note-235">[234]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1881 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">190,597</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1891 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">231,224</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+21.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">247,808</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+7.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">270,537</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+9.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">292,485</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+8.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">340,259</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+16.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1947 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">446,321</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+31.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1957 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">572,100</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+28.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1970 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">776,124</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+35.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1980 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">954,638</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+23.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1991 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,116,801</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+17.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2000 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,313,449</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+17.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2010 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,526,324</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+16.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2020 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,740,405</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+14.0%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <a href="#cite_note-2020KF-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-236">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-237">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-238">[237]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Penang" title="Demographics of Penang">Demographics of Penang</a></div> As of 2020<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit">[update]</a>, Penang had a population of 1,740,405 and the highest population density of all <a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">Malaysian states</a> at 1,659/km2 (4,300/sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-2020KF-1">[1]</a> Penang is Malaysia's second most urbanised state, with an urbanisation level of 92.5%.<a href="#cite_note-Malay_Mail-2022-6">[5]</a> Residents of Penang are colloquially known as Penangites or "Penang-lang".<a href="#cite_note-239">[238]</a> 54% of Penang's population resided in <a href="/wiki/Seberang_Perai" title="Seberang Perai">Seberang Perai</a>, Malaysia's third largest city, while <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a> was home to the remaining 46%.<a href="#cite_note-Dept_Statistics_Malaysia-2022-240">[239]</a> George Town serves as the <a href="/wiki/Core_city" title="Core city">core city</a> of the <a href="/wiki/George_Town_Conurbation" title="George Town Conurbation">George Town Conurbation</a>, Malaysia's <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Malaysia_by_population#Largest_metropolitan_areas_by_population" title="List of cities and towns in Malaysia by population">second largest metropolitan area</a>.<a href="#cite_note-World_Bank-2015-241">[240]</a> Between 2015 and 2016, Penang had the highest migration effectiveness ratio among Malaysian states, due to the state's diversified economy. Most interstate immigrants came from Perak, Selangor, Kedah, Johor and Kuala Lumpur.<a href="#cite_note-242">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-interstatemigrant2-244">[243]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnicities">Ethnicities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Ethnicities">edit</a>]</div> <div class="barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,white); color: var(--color-base,black)"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:none"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Ethnic composition of Penang (2020)<a href="#cite_note-Dept_Statistics_Malaysia-2022-240">[239]</a></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Ethnicities / Nationality</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Percentage</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Penangite_Chinese" title="Penangite Chinese">Chinese</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Red; width:41.3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">41.3%</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Malays_(ethnic_group)" title="Malays (ethnic group)">Malay</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Green; width:40.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">40.7%</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Orang_Asal" title="Orang Asal">Other Bumiputeras</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Teal; width:0.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.5%</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Malaysians_of_Indian_descent_in_Penang" title="Malaysians of Indian descent in Penang">Indian</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Orange; width:8.9%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">8.9%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Others</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:DarkGray; width:0.6%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.6%</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Non-Malaysians</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Purple; width:8.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">8.1%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> As of 2020<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit">[update]</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penangite_Chinese" title="Penangite Chinese">ethnic Chinese</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bumiputera_(Malaysia)" title="Bumiputera (Malaysia)">Bumiputeras</a>, which include <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malays" title="Malaysian Malays">Malays</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orang_Asal" title="Orang Asal">indigenous East Malaysians</a>, each constituted about 41% of Penang's population, while <a href="/wiki/Malaysians_of_Indian_descent_in_Penang" title="Malaysians of Indian descent in Penang">Indians</a> made up nearly 9%.<a href="#cite_note-2020KF-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Borneo_Post-2017-245">[244]</a> The Chinese community in Penang includes the <a href="/wiki/Peranakan_Chinese" title="Peranakan Chinese">Peranakan Chinese</a>, a hybrid ethnicity known for their distinctive architecture, costumes and <a href="/wiki/Peranakan_cuisine" title="Peranakan cuisine">cuisine</a>. The state is also home to a cosmopolitan mix of <a href="/wiki/Kristang_people" title="Kristang people">ethnic Eurasians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Siamese" title="Malaysian Siamese">Siamese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arab_Malaysians" title="Arab Malaysians">Arabs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-246">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-247">[246]</a><a href="#cite_note-248">[247]</a> Foreigners comprised 8% of Penang's population in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-Dept_Statistics_Malaysia-2022-240">[239]</a> Over 38% of Penang's expatriates resided within <a href="/wiki/Central_George_Town,_Penang" title="Central George Town, Penang">downtown George Town</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paya_Terubong" title="Paya Terubong">Paya Terubong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bayan_Lepas" title="Bayan Lepas">Bayan Lepas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Dept_Statistics_Malaysia-2024-249">[248]</a> George Town's affordable living costs, natural destinations, health care infrastructure, an established ecosystem of <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinational companies</a> (MNCs) and the widespread use of English have been cited as pull factors for expatriates.<a href="#cite_note-250">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-251">[250]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Languages">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> is the official language of Penang. <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">English</a> once served as the official language during British rule and recently there have been calls to reinstate it as one of Penang's official languages.<a href="#cite_note-252">[251]</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[252]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> is the most widely spoken language among ethnic Indians, while Penang's Chinese population uses a variety of Chinese dialects such as <a href="/wiki/Teochew_Min" title="Teochew Min">Teochew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ooi-2015-27">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-Teresa_Wai-2022-254">[253]</a> <a href="/wiki/Penang_Hokkien" title="Penang Hokkien">Penang Hokkien</a> serves as the <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> between the different ethnic groups in Penang, with efforts being made at the grassroots level to preserve its relevance.<a href="#cite_note-Opalyn_Mok-2016-12-255">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-256">[255]</a><a href="#cite_note-257">[256]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religions">Religions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Religions">edit</a>]</div> <div class="barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,white); color: var(--color-base,black)"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religions in Penang (2020)<a href="#cite_note-2020KF-1">[1]</a></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Religion</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Percentage</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Green; width:45.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">45.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:gold; width:37.6%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">37.6%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkorange; width:8.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">8.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Blue; width:4.3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">4.3%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Gray; width:2.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">No religion</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Black; width:1.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.7%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div>Penang, like other <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia" title="Peninsular Malaysia">Peninsular</a> states, has Islam as its official religion.<a href="#cite_note-Penang_State_Gov-2">[2]</a> Even so, Penang is one of two states in Malaysia where Islam is not in the majority, the other being <a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a>. As of 2020<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit">[update]</a>, Muslims constituted over 45% of Penang's population, followed by Buddhists at nearly 38%, Hindus at more than 8% and Christians at 4%.<a href="#cite_note-2020KF-1">[1]</a> Penang allows freedom of religion and religious assembly, and is one of three states to have a dedicated department for non-Muslim affairs. In 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Penang" title="Government of Penang">Penang state government</a> formed the Penang Harmony Corporation to further enhance interreligious harmony in the state.<a href="#cite_note-Opalyn_Mok-2023-258">[257]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Main_gate_at_the_Universiti_Sains_Malaysia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Main_gate_at_the_Universiti_Sains_Malaysia.jpg/250px-Main_gate_at_the_Universiti_Sains_Malaysia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Main_gate_at_the_Universiti_Sains_Malaysia.jpg/330px-Main_gate_at_the_Universiti_Sains_Malaysia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Main_gate_at_the_Universiti_Sains_Malaysia.jpg/500px-Main_gate_at_the_Universiti_Sains_Malaysia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Universiti_Sains_Malaysia" title="Universiti Sains Malaysia">Universiti Sains Malaysia</a>, Malaysia's second oldest tertiary institution, was founded in 1969.<a href="#cite_note-259">[258]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cmglee_Penang_Free_School_main_gate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Cmglee_Penang_Free_School_main_gate.jpg/220px-Cmglee_Penang_Free_School_main_gate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Cmglee_Penang_Free_School_main_gate.jpg/330px-Cmglee_Penang_Free_School_main_gate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Cmglee_Penang_Free_School_main_gate.jpg/440px-Cmglee_Penang_Free_School_main_gate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Penang_Free_School" title="Penang Free School">Penang Free School</a>, founded in 1816, is the oldest English school in Southeast Asia.</figcaption></figure><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Penang" title="Education in Penang">Education in Penang</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Penang" title="List of schools in Penang">List of schools in Penang</a></div>As with the rest of Malaysia, Penang's education system falls under the purview of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Malaysia" title="Government of Malaysia">federal government</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Constitution-84">[83]</a> While <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">English</a> are mandatory subjects in all schools, vernacular schools are also permitted to use either <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> as the medium of instruction.<a href="#cite_note-260">[259]</a> Penang's literacy rate is the third highest in Malaysia after <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a>, standing at 99.5% as of 2014<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-UN-2016-261">[260]</a> Moreover, Penang's <a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">Human Development Index</a> (HDI) value of 0.839 is also <a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_states_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Malaysian states by Human Development Index">the highest among Malaysian states</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MHDI_2024-4">[4]</a> Penang is home to 49 tertiary institutions (including universities, colleges, medical colleges, industrial training institutes and teaching schools), 13 international and expatriate schools, 128 secondary schools, 271 primary schools and 609 kindergartens.<a href="#cite_note-InvestPenang-2011-262">[261]</a><a href="#cite_note-263">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-264">[263]</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a> is home to some of Malaysia's oldest schools. Established in 1816, <a href="/wiki/Penang_Free_School" title="Penang Free School">Penang Free School</a> (PFS) is the oldest English school in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>. British colonial rule had also encouraged the growth of <a href="/wiki/Mission_school" title="Mission school">mission schools</a> in George Town such as <a href="/wiki/St._Xavier%27s_Institution" title="St. Xavier's Institution">St. Xavier's Institution</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._George%27s_Girls%27_School" title="St. George's Girls' School">St. George's Girls' School</a> and <a href="/wiki/Methodist_Boys%27_School,_Penang" title="Methodist Boys' School, Penang">Methodist Boys' School</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ooi-2015-27">[26]</a> Penang is also a pioneer in Malaysia's present-day Chinese education system, with the establishment of its first Chinese school in 1819.<a href="#cite_note-265">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-266">[265]</a> Prominent Chinese schools in the state include <a href="/wiki/Chung_Ling_High_School" title="Chung Ling High School">Chung Ling High School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penang_Chinese_Girls%27_High_School" title="Penang Chinese Girls' High School">Penang Chinese Girls' High School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heng_Ee_High_School" title="Heng Ee High School">Heng Ee High School</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jit_Sin_High_School" title="Jit Sin High School">Jit Sin High School</a>, among others. In addition, George Town has 13 international and expatriate schools that offer either British, American or <a href="/wiki/International_Baccalaureate" title="International Baccalaureate">International Baccalaureate</a> syllabuses.<a href="#cite_note-267">[266]</a> <a href="/wiki/Universiti_Sains_Malaysia" title="Universiti Sains Malaysia">Universiti Sains Malaysia</a> (USM) is the premier public university in Penang. As of 2025<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit">[update]</a>, it is ranked 146th in the <a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS World University Rankings</a>, third in Malaysia after <a href="/wiki/University_of_Malaya" title="University of Malaya">Universiti Malaya</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Malaysia" title="National University of Malaysia">Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-268">[267]</a> Most of the other tertiary institutions in the state are privately-run, including <a href="/wiki/Wawasan_Open_University" title="Wawasan Open University">Wawasan Open University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Han_Chiang_University_College_of_Communication" class="mw-redirect" title="Han Chiang University College of Communication">Han Chiang University College of Communication</a>, <a href="/wiki/DISTED_College" title="DISTED College">DISTED College</a> and <a href="/wiki/RCSI_%26_UCD_Malaysia_Campus" title="RCSI & UCD Malaysia Campus">RCSI & UCD Malaysia Campus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-InvestPenang-2011-262">[261]</a> <a href="/wiki/RECSAM" title="RECSAM">RECSAM</a>, one of the 26 specialist institutions of the <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_Ministers_of_Education_Organization" title="Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization">Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization</a>, is headquartered in George Town.<a href="#cite_note-269">[268]</a> The Penang Public Library Corporation is the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Penang" title="Government of Penang">state government</a> body tasked with the operation of public libraries throughout the state.<a href="#cite_note-270">[269]</a> In 2016, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Penang" title="Government of Penang">Penang state government</a> launched Malaysia's first <a href="/wiki/Digital_library" title="Digital library">digital library</a>, situated within the grounds of PFS.<a href="#cite_note-Francis-2016-271">[270]</a> Similar digital libraries have since been built at various locations throughout the state.<a href="#cite_note-272">[271]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Healthcare">Healthcare</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Healthcare">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Penang_General_Hospital_(2011).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Penang_General_Hospital_%282011%29.jpg/220px-Penang_General_Hospital_%282011%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Penang_General_Hospital_%282011%29.jpg/330px-Penang_General_Hospital_%282011%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Penang_General_Hospital_%282011%29.jpg/440px-Penang_General_Hospital_%282011%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Penang_General_Hospital" title="Penang General Hospital">Penang General Hospital</a> in <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a> is a 1,100-bedded <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_referral_hospital" title="Tertiary referral hospital">tertiary referral hospital</a> within northwestern Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-Voon-2020-273">[272]</a></figcaption></figure>Health care in Penang is provided by a <a href="/wiki/Two-tier_healthcare" title="Two-tier healthcare">two-tier system</a> consisting of public and private hospitals. The <a href="/wiki/Penang_General_Hospital" title="Penang General Hospital">Penang General Hospital</a>, administered and funded by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Malaysia)" title="Ministry of Health (Malaysia)">Malaysian Ministry of Health</a>, is the main <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_referral_hospital" title="Tertiary referral hospital">tertiary referral hospital</a> within northwestern Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-Voon-2020-273">[272]</a> It is supported by five other public hospitals in Penang, all of which also come under the administration of the country's Ministry of Health.<a href="#cite_note-274">[273]</a> In addition, Penang has 19 private hospitals that offer specialist services, making the state the leading hub for <a href="/wiki/Medical_tourism_in_Malaysia" title="Medical tourism in Malaysia">medical tourism in Malaysia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Mulyanto-2023-174">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-Penang_Institute-2023-275">[274]</a> The total number of beds in public and private hospitals in Penang is 4,329, or nearly 248.7 beds per 10,000 people, higher than the national average.<a href="#cite_note-Penang_Institute-2023-275">[274]</a> While private hospitals in Penang operate independently of the Ministry of Health, there have been instances of public-private cooperation, such as during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> which saw private hospitals sharing equipment and taking in non-COVID-19 patients in need of urgent medical procedures.<a href="#cite_note-276">[275]</a> The infant mortality rate in Penang has decreased significantly, dropping by 85% between 1970 and 2000 to 5.7 per 1,000 live births.<a href="#cite_note-OECD-277">[276]</a> Similarly, the neonatal mortality rate has also decreased by 84.7% during the corresponding period to 4.1 per 1,000 live births. As of 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit">[update]</a>, the life expectancy at birth in Penang is 71.9 years for men and 77.2 years for women.<a href="#cite_note-278">[277]</a> According to an official survey in 2019, Penang recorded one of the lowest obesity rates in Malaysia, with an obesity rate of 18.6%.<a href="#cite_note-279">[278]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Penang" title="Culture of Penang">Culture of Penang</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chingay_in_George_Town_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Chingay_in_George_Town_2024.jpg/220px-Chingay_in_George_Town_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Chingay_in_George_Town_2024.jpg/330px-Chingay_in_George_Town_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Chingay_in_George_Town_2024.jpg/440px-Chingay_in_George_Town_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2936" data-file-height="3915" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Chingay_parade" title="Chingay parade">Chingay</a> troupe in <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a>. To this day, the Chingay parade continues to be a major expression of <a href="/wiki/Penangite_Chinese" title="Penangite Chinese">Penang Chinese</a> identity.<a href="#cite_note-280">[279]</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivals">Festivals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Festivals">edit</a>]</div> Penang's cosmopolitan society results in a great number of celebrations and festivities throughout the year. The state hosts major cultural and religious events, including <a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Chinese New Year</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr" title="Eid al-Fitr">Eid al-Fitri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thaipusam" title="Thaipusam">Thaipusam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi">Vaisakhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vesak" title="Vesak">Vesak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Songkran_(Thailand)" title="Songkran (Thailand)">Songkran</a>.<a href="#cite_note-281">[280]</a> Chinese New Year celebrations last for 15 days and are marked with festivities unique to the state, such as the birthday of the <a href="/wiki/Jade_Emperor" title="Jade Emperor">Jade Emperor</a>, and the annual opening of Chinese ancestral halls and associations in <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a>.<a href="#cite_note-282">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jeremy_Tan-2024-283">[282]</a> The 15th and final day of Chinese New Year is celebrated with a <a href="/wiki/Peranakan_Chinese" title="Peranakan Chinese">Peranakan Chinese</a>-inspired <a href="/wiki/Lantern_Festival" title="Lantern Festival">Lantern Festival</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Jeremy_Tan-2024-283">[282]</a> George Town is credited as the origin of a unique form of the <a href="/wiki/Chingay_parade" title="Chingay parade">Chingay procession</a>, which involves participants balancing oversized flags on their heads or hands.<a href="#cite_note-284">[283]</a> A state-held Chingay parade takes place in George Town annually, although Chingay performances are also frequently included in Chinese festivals and significant state events throughout Penang.<a href="#cite_note-285">[284]</a> Expatriates residing in Penang have introduced their celebrations to the state. <a href="/wiki/Bon_(festival)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bon (festival)">Bon Odori</a>, a Japanese festival celebrated annually in George Town, has gained popularity among locals.<a href="#cite_note-286">[285]</a> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Day" title="Saint Patrick's Day">St. Patrick's Day</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oktoberfest" title="Oktoberfest">Oktoberfest</a>, traditionally celebrated by ethnic Irish and German communities respectively, are also celebrated in the city.<a href="#cite_note-287">[286]</a><a href="#cite_note-288">[287]</a> Penang also hosts several major festivals each year, including the <a href="/wiki/George_Town_Festival" title="George Town Festival">George Town Festival</a> which has become one of the largest arts events in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> since its inaugural event in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-Chen-2014-289">[288]</a> In 2018, the <a href="/wiki/George_Town_Literary_Festival" title="George Town Literary Festival">George Town Literary Festival</a> became the first Southeast Asian literary event to achieve the international Literary Festival Award at the <a href="/wiki/London_Book_Fair" title="London Book Fair">London Book Fair</a>.<a href="#cite_note-290">[289]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts">Arts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Arts">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Motion_And_Stillness_(243518115).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Motion_And_Stillness_%28243518115%29.jpeg/220px-Motion_And_Stillness_%28243518115%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Motion_And_Stillness_%28243518115%29.jpeg/330px-Motion_And_Stillness_%28243518115%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Motion_And_Stillness_%28243518115%29.jpeg/440px-Motion_And_Stillness_%28243518115%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1363" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Zacharevic" title="Ernest Zacharevic">Ernest Zacharevic</a>'s Children on a Bicycle at <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Street,_George_Town" title="Armenian Street, George Town">Armenian Street</a> in <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a>. This mural was among <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>'s compilation of graffiti destinations worldwide in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-Chang-2014-291">[290]</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Bangsawan" title="Bangsawan">Bangsawan</a> is a form of Malay theatre that originated in Penang at the end of the 19th century, and incorporates Indian, Western, Islamic, Chinese and Indonesian influences. It was a popular outdoor performance in the 1920s.<a href="#cite_note-292">[291]</a> Another unique form of theatre that began in Penang is <a href="/wiki/Boria_(theatre)" title="Boria (theatre)">boria</a>, which features singing accompanied by violin, maracas and tabla. Boria reached the height of its popularity in the 1930s and was typically performed as a form of satire. While the British imposed a ban on boria in <a href="/wiki/Singapore_in_the_Straits_Settlements" title="Singapore in the Straits Settlements">Singapore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a>, the art form was never banned in Penang.<a href="#cite_note-293">[292]</a> Apart from traditional forms of art, the <a href="/wiki/Penang_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="Penang Philharmonic Orchestra">Penang Philharmonic Orchestra</a>, funded by the state, was established in 2010 to elevate the standard of <a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical music</a> in Penang. Dewan Sri Pinang and <a href="/wiki/SPICE_Arena" title="SPICE Arena">SPICE Arena</a> in George Town are the main venues for performing arts and concerts within the state.<a href="#cite_note-PCEB-2022a-294">[293]</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a> is a hub for the arts and culture scene in Malaysia. The inscription of parts of George Town as a <a href="/wiki/Historic_Cities_of_the_Straits_of_Malacca#George_Town" title="Historic Cities of the Straits of Malacca">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a> has enhanced cultural and creative industries within the city.<a href="#cite_note-295">[294]</a> In 2012, Lithuanian artist <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Zacharevic" title="Ernest Zacharevic">Ernest Zacharevic</a> created a series of six wall paintings depicting local culture, inhabitants and lifestyles as part of the <a href="/wiki/George_Town_Festival" title="George Town Festival">George Town Festival</a>. The city is also adorned with 52 wrought iron caricatures and 18 wall murals that showcase the city's history and the daily lives of the local community.<a href="#cite_note-Chang-2014-291">[290]</a> Additionally, art exhibitions are held at the city's event spaces like the <a href="/wiki/Hin_Bus_Depot" title="Hin Bus Depot">Hin Bus Depot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sia_Boey_Urban_Archaeological_Park" title="Sia Boey Urban Archaeological Park">Sia Boey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-296">[295]</a><a href="#cite_note-297">[296]</a> Penang's literary heritage stems from the colonial-era <a href="/wiki/Peranakan_Chinese" title="Peranakan Chinese">Peranakan Chinese</a> literature and its role as a translation hub in <a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">Malaya</a>, where prior to <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the publishing industry facilitated the translation of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_literature" title="Chinese literature">Chinese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_literature" title="Western literature">Western</a> literary works into <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>.<a href="#cite_note-298">[297]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ramli_2017-299">[298]</a> Post-independence, the state's literary scene has diversified, with independent local publishers and retailers such as Areca Books, Gerakbudaya and the George Town World Heritage Incorporated (GTWHI) running alongside major bookstore chains like <a href="/wiki/Popular_Holdings" title="Popular Holdings">Popular Holdings</a> and <a href="/wiki/MPH_Group" title="MPH Group">MPH Group</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ramli_2017-299">[298]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cmglee_Penang_The_Star_Northern_Hub.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Cmglee_Penang_The_Star_Northern_Hub.jpg/250px-Cmglee_Penang_The_Star_Northern_Hub.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Cmglee_Penang_The_Star_Northern_Hub.jpg/330px-Cmglee_Penang_The_Star_Northern_Hub.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Cmglee_Penang_The_Star_Northern_Hub.jpg/500px-Cmglee_Penang_The_Star_Northern_Hub.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Star_(Malaysia)" title="The Star (Malaysia)">The Star</a>'s Northern Hub in <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a>. One of the major English dailies in Malaysia, it had been known for its "liberal flavour" prior to <a href="/wiki/Operation_Lalang" title="Operation Lalang">a government crackdown in 1987</a>.<a href="#cite_note-300">[299]</a> </figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a> was once the hub of Malaysia's print press. The nation's first newspaper, the Prince of Wales Island Gazette, was founded in the city in 1806.<a href="#cite_note-Wong2-301">[300]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nambiar-2021-302">[301]</a> Under British rule, Penang had relatively more press freedom as compared to <a href="/wiki/Singapore_in_the_Straits_Settlements" title="Singapore in the Straits Settlements">Singapore</a>, which had a stronger government apparatus.<a href="#cite_note-Goh-2014-50">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-303">[302]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Star_(Malaysia)" title="The Star (Malaysia)">The Star</a>, one of Malaysia's top English dailies, started as a regional newspaper that was first published in George Town in the 1970s, while the country's oldest Chinese newspaper, <a href="/wiki/Kwong_Wah_Yit_Poh" title="Kwong Wah Yit Poh">Kwong Wah Yit Poh</a>, was also established in the city in 1910.<a href="#cite_note-304">[303]</a><a href="#cite_note-mcy-305">[304]</a> In addition, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Penang" title="Government of Penang">Penang state government</a> publishes its own multi-lingual newspaper, Buletin Mutiara, which is distributed for free every fortnight. The newspaper focuses on current issues within Penang, providing valuable information and insights for the local community.<a href="#cite_note-Mutiara-2013-306">[305]</a> The well-preserved colonial-era cityscape has made <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a> a popular <a href="/wiki/Filming_location" title="Filming location">filming location</a> for movies and television series that depict Asian culture.<a href="#cite_note-307">[306]</a> Films and series that were filmed within the city include <a href="/wiki/Crazy_Rich_Asians" title="Crazy Rich Asians">Crazy Rich Asians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anna_and_the_King" title="Anna and the King">Anna and the King</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lust,_Caution" title="Lust, Caution">Lust, Caution</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Little_Nyonya" title="The Little Nyonya">The Little Nyonya</a> and <a href="/wiki/You_Mean_the_World_to_Me_(film)" title="You Mean the World to Me (film)">You Mean the World to Me</a>; the latter was the first movie to be produced entirely in <a href="/wiki/Penang_Hokkien" title="Penang Hokkien">Penang Hokkien</a>.<a href="#cite_note-308">[307]</a> George Town was also featured as a pit-stop in <a href="/wiki/The_Amazing_Race_16" title="The Amazing Race 16">The Amazing Race 16</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Amazing_Race_Asia_5" title="The Amazing Race Asia 5">The Amazing Race Asia 5</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Amazing_Race_Australia_7" title="The Amazing Race Australia 7">The Amazing Race Australia 7</a>.<a href="#cite_note-309">[308]</a><a href="#cite_note-310">[309]</a><a href="#cite_note-311">[310]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Architecture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Penang" title="Architecture of Penang">Architecture of Penang</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_George_Town,_Penang" title="List of tallest buildings in George Town, Penang">List of tallest buildings in George Town, Penang</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:155px;max-width:155px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:98px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Penang_Malaysia_Sunrise_at_Tanjong_Bungah_Mosque-04and_(4461552447).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Penang_Malaysia_Sunrise_at_Tanjong_Bungah_Mosque-04and_%284461552447%29.jpg/250px-Penang_Malaysia_Sunrise_at_Tanjong_Bungah_Mosque-04and_%284461552447%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="153" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Penang_Malaysia_Sunrise_at_Tanjong_Bungah_Mosque-04and_%284461552447%29.jpg/330px-Penang_Malaysia_Sunrise_at_Tanjong_Bungah_Mosque-04and_%284461552447%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1988" data-file-height="1272" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:133px;max-width:133px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:98px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Kek_Lok_Si_at_dusk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Kek_Lok_Si_at_dusk.jpg/131px-Kek_Lok_Si_at_dusk.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Kek_Lok_Si_at_dusk.jpg/197px-Kek_Lok_Si_at_dusk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Kek_Lok_Si_at_dusk.jpg/262px-Kek_Lok_Si_at_dusk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Hindu_temple_in_Penang_Malaysia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/A_Hindu_temple_in_Penang_Malaysia.jpg/250px-A_Hindu_temple_in_Penang_Malaysia.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/A_Hindu_temple_in_Penang_Malaysia.jpg/330px-A_Hindu_temple_in_Penang_Malaysia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Cmglee_Penang_Anglican_church_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Cmglee_Penang_Anglican_church_night.jpg/250px-Cmglee_Penang_Anglican_church_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Cmglee_Penang_Anglican_church_night.jpg/330px-Cmglee_Penang_Anglican_church_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1024" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Clockwise from top left: <a href="/wiki/Penang_Floating_Mosque" title="Penang Floating Mosque">Tanjong Bungah Floating Mosque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kek_Lok_Si" title="Kek Lok Si">Kek Lok Si</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._George%27s_Church,_Penang" title="St. George's Church, Penang">St. George's Church</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arulmigu_Karumariamman_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Arulmigu Karumariamman Temple">Arulmigu Karumariamman Temple</a></div></div></div></div> In 2008, <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> gazetted nearly 260 ha (2.6 km2) within <a href="/wiki/Central_George_Town,_Penang" title="Central George Town, Penang">downtown George Town</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Historic_Cities_of_the_Straits_of_Malacca#George_Town" title="Historic Cities of the Straits of Malacca">World Heritage Site</a>. The city centre is recognised by UNESCO for its "unique architectural and cultural townscape without parallel anywhere in East and Southeast Asia".<a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-2008-82">[81]</a> <a href="/wiki/Shophouse" title="Shophouse">Shophouses</a> sit alongside Anglo-Indian bungalows, mosques, temples, churches, and European-style administrative and commercial complexes, forming the city's multicultural framework.<a href="#cite_note-312">[311]</a> Elsewhere within the city, Siamese and Burmese cultures are prominently displayed at places of worship such as <a href="/wiki/Wat_Chayamangkalaram" title="Wat Chayamangkalaram">Wat Chayamangkalaram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dhammikarama_Burmese_Temple" title="Dhammikarama Burmese Temple">Dhammikarama Burmese Temple</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kek_Lok_Si" title="Kek Lok Si">Kek Lok Si</a>.<a href="#cite_note-313">[312]</a> Apart from the colonial-era architecture, George Town is home to most of Penang's skyscrapers, including <a href="/wiki/Komtar" title="Komtar">Komtar Tower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marriott_Residences_Penang" title="Marriott Residences Penang">Marriott Residences</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muze_@_PICC" title="Muze @ PICC">Muze @ PICC</a>. There has been rising demand for residential high-rises at the suburbs since 2015, driven by the growing need for strata housing and the city's thriving economy.<a href="#cite_note-Lum-2016-314">[313]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Cuisine">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Penang_cuisine" title="Penang cuisine">Penang cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Penang_Hokkien_Prawn_Noodles.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Penang_Hokkien_Prawn_Noodles.JPG/220px-Penang_Hokkien_Prawn_Noodles.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Penang_Hokkien_Prawn_Noodles.JPG/330px-Penang_Hokkien_Prawn_Noodles.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Penang_Hokkien_Prawn_Noodles.JPG/440px-Penang_Hokkien_Prawn_Noodles.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>A bowl of Penang <a href="/wiki/Hokkien_mee" title="Hokkien mee">Hokkien mee</a></figcaption></figure>Penang's culinary scene incorporates <a href="/wiki/Malay_cuisine" title="Malay cuisine">Malay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Indian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peranakan_cuisine" title="Peranakan cuisine">Peranakan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thai_cuisine" title="Thai cuisine">Thai</a> influences, evident in the variety of street food that includes <a href="/wiki/Char_kway_teow" title="Char kway teow">char kway teow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laksa" title="Laksa">asam laksa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nasi_kandar" title="Nasi kandar">nasi kandar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cripps-2017-315">[314]</a> Described by <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> as "the food capital of Malaysia", <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a> was also listed by <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lonely_Planet" title="Lonely Planet">Lonely Planet</a> as one of the best in Asia for street food.<a href="#cite_note-Cripps-2017-315">[314]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fitzpatrick-20042-316">[315]</a><a href="#cite_note-Barton-20142-317">[316]</a> According to Time in 2004, only in the city "could food this good be this cheap".<a href="#cite_note-Fitzpatrick-20042-316">[315]</a> Robin Barton of the Lonely Planet remarked that the city was a "culinary epicentre of the many cultures that arrived after it was set up as a trading port in 1786, from Malays to Indians, Acehenese to Chinese, Burmese to Thais".<a href="#cite_note-Barton-20142-317">[316]</a> Over the years, Penang's culinary scene has expanded to include fine dining establishments, adding to its already diverse street food options.<a href="#cite_note-318">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-319">[318]</a> In 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Michelin_Guide" title="Michelin Guide">Michelin Guide</a> made its debut in the state, in recognition of its "small-scale restaurants and street food that embodies Malaysia's distinctive streetside dining culture".<a href="#cite_note-320">[319]</a> The 2025 edition of the Michelin Guide features 69 eateries throughout the state.<a href="#cite_note-321">[320]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SPICE_Arena_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/SPICE_Arena_2023.jpg/199px-SPICE_Arena_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="199" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/SPICE_Arena_2023.jpg/298px-SPICE_Arena_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/SPICE_Arena_2023.jpg/397px-SPICE_Arena_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6048" data-file-height="8064" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/SPICE_Arena" title="SPICE Arena">SPICE Arena</a> is also one of the major venues in Penang for <a href="/wiki/MICE_tourism" title="MICE tourism">business events</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PCEB-2022a-294">[293]</a></figcaption></figure> Despite its small size, Penang has hosted regional and international sporting events, such as the <a href="/wiki/2001_SEA_Games" title="2001 SEA Games">2001 SEA Games</a>, <a href="/wiki/2013_Women%27s_World_Open_Squash_Championship" title="2013 Women's World Open Squash Championship">2013 Women's World Open Squash Championship</a> and <a href="/wiki/2018_Asia_Pacific_Masters_Games" title="2018 Asia Pacific Masters Games">Asia's first Masters Games in 2018</a>.<a href="#cite_note-322">[321]</a><a href="#cite_note-323">[322]</a><a href="#cite_note-324">[323]</a> The state represents itself with its own sports teams in the interstate <a href="/wiki/Sukma_Games" title="Sukma Games">Sukma Games</a>. Penang is home to a variety of sports facilities. The <a href="/wiki/Penang_State_Stadium" title="Penang State Stadium">Penang State Stadium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Seberang_Perai" title="Seberang Perai">Seberang Perai</a> is the state's main stadium, while the <a href="/wiki/City_Stadium,_Penang" title="City Stadium, Penang">City Stadium</a> in <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a> is the home ground of <a href="/wiki/Penang_F.C." title="Penang F.C.">Penang FC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PCEB-2022a-294">[293]</a><a href="#cite_note-325">[324]</a> <a href="/wiki/SPICE_Arena" title="SPICE Arena">SPICE Arena</a> in George Town is another major sporting venue, consisting of an indoor arena and an aquatics centre.<a href="#cite_note-326">[325]</a> The city is also home to Malaysia's oldest equestrian centre – the <a href="/wiki/Penang_Turf_Club" title="Penang Turf Club">Penang Turf Club</a>, which was established in 1864.<a href="#cite_note-327">[326]</a> Major annual sporting events in Penang include the Penang International Dragon Boat Festival and the <a href="/wiki/Penang_Bridge_International_Marathon" title="Penang Bridge International Marathon">Penang Bridge International Marathon</a>. The Penang International Dragon Boat Festival takes place every December and attracts participants from abroad.<a href="#cite_note-328">[327]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Penang_Bridge_International_Marathon" title="Penang Bridge International Marathon">Penang Bridge International Marathon</a>, which features the iconic <a href="/wiki/Penang_Bridge" title="Penang Bridge">Penang Bridge</a> as its route, has also gained international recognition, attracting about 20,000 participants from 61 countries in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-329">[328]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Notable people">edit</a>]</div> Penang is the birthplace of illustrious Malaysian and Singaporean personalities, professionals and politicians, including: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chan_Kim_Boon" title="Chan Kim Boon">Chan Kim Boon</a> (1851–1920), novelist and translator<a href="#cite_note-330">[329]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Lien-teh" title="Wu Lien-teh">Wu Lien-teh</a> (1879–1960), physician and inventor of the respiratory mask<a href="#cite_note-331">[330]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hon_Sui_Sen" title="Hon Sui Sen">Hon Sui Sen</a> (1916–1983), former <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Singapore)" title="Ministry of Finance (Singapore)">cabinet minister in Singapore</a><a href="#cite_note-332">[331]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wee_Chong_Jin" title="Wee Chong Jin">Wee Chong Jin</a> (1917–2005), first <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Singapore" title="Chief Justice of Singapore">Chief Justice of Singapore</a><a href="#cite_note-333">[332]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Ramlee" title="P. Ramlee">P. Ramlee</a> (1929–1973), actor, filmmaker, musician, composer and icon of Malay-language entertainment<a href="#cite_note-334">[333]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Ahmad_Badawi" title="Abdullah Ahmad Badawi">Abdullah Ahmad Badawi</a> (born 1939), fifth <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Prime Minister of Malaysia</a><a href="#cite_note-335">[334]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karpal_Singh" title="Karpal Singh">Karpal Singh</a> (1940–2014), lawyer, politician and former national chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Action_Party" title="Democratic Action Party">Democratic Action Party</a><a href="#cite_note-Borneo_Post-2014-102">[101]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pik-Sen_Lim" title="Pik-Sen Lim">Lim Pik-Sen</a> (born 1944), British actress<a href="#cite_note-336">[335]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar Ibrahim</a> (born 1947), tenth and current Prime Minister of Malaysia<a href="#cite_note-337">[336]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Choo" title="Jimmy Choo">Jimmy Choo</a> (born 1948), fashion designer knighted with the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">Order of the British Empire</a><a href="#cite_note-338">[337]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Arumugam" title="David Arumugam">David Arumugam</a> (born 1950), singer and founder of the pop band <a href="/wiki/Alleycats_(Malaysian_band)" title="Alleycats (Malaysian band)">Alleycats</a><a href="#cite_note-339">[338]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeohlee_Teng" title="Yeohlee Teng">Yeohlee Teng</a> (born 1951), American fashion designer<a href="#cite_note-340">[339]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaw_Boon_Wan" title="Khaw Boon Wan">Khaw Boon Wan</a> (born 1952), former <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Singapore" title="Cabinet of Singapore">cabinet minister in Singapore</a><a href="#cite_note-341">[340]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hock_Tan" title="Hock Tan">Tan Hock Eng</a> (born 1952), <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">chief executive officer</a> of <a href="/wiki/Broadcom" title="Broadcom">Broadcom</a><a href="#cite_note-342">[341]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazrin_Shah_of_Perak" title="Nazrin Shah of Perak">Sultan Nazrin Shah</a> (born 1956), reigning monarch of the neighbouring state of <a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a><a href="#cite_note-343">[342]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keat_Gin_Ooi" title="Keat Gin Ooi">Ooi Keat Gin</a> (born 1959), academician and historian<a href="#cite_note-344">[343]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saw_Teong_Hin" title="Saw Teong Hin">Saw Teong Hin</a> (born 1962), film director<a href="#cite_note-345">[344]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tan_Twan_Eng" title="Tan Twan Eng">Tan Twan Eng</a> (born 1972), award-winning novelist<a href="#cite_note-346">[345]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol_David" title="Nicol David">Nicol David</a> (born 1983), former world number one female <a href="/wiki/Squash_(sport)" title="Squash (sport)">squash</a> player<a href="#cite_note-347">[346]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamak_Puteh" title="Mamak Puteh">Mamak Puteh</a> (born 1984), actor and comedian<a href="#cite_note-348">[347]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loh_Kean_Yew" title="Loh Kean Yew">Loh Kean Yew</a> (born 1997), Singaporean badminton player<a href="#cite_note-349">[348]</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Malaysia" title="Portal:Malaysia">Malaysia portal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>: Pulau Pinang; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>Malay pronunciation: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:IPA/Malay">[pi.naŋ]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-3"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2020KF-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2020KF_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2020KF_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2020KF_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2020KF_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2020KF_1-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2020KF_1-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2020KF_1-6">g</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dosm.gov.my/uploads/publications/20221020150523.pdf">"Key Findings of Population and Housing Census of Malaysia 2020"</a> (pdf) (in Malay and English). 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Retrieved 23 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Malaysian-born+Broadcom+CEO+Tan+Hock+Eng%27s+pay+more+than+doubles+to+%24217.5+million+in+2023&rft.date=2024-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fbusiness%2Fmalaysian-born-broadcom-ceo-tan-hock-eng-s-pay-more-than-doubles-to-2175-million-in-2023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenang" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-343"><a href="#cite_ref-343">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nst.com.my/news/2015/09/throwback-thursday-hrh-sultan-dr-nazrin-muizzuddin-shah">"Throwback Thursday: HRH Sultan Dr Nazrin Muizzuddin Shah"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Straits_Times" title="New Straits Times">New Straits Times</a>. 7 May 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Throwback+Thursday%3A+HRH+Sultan+Dr+Nazrin+Muizzuddin+Shah&rft.date=2015-05-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nst.com.my%2Fnews%2F2015%2F09%2Fthrowback-thursday-hrh-sultan-dr-nazrin-muizzuddin-shah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenang" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-344"><a href="#cite_ref-344">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFuller2007" class="citation book cs1">Fuller, Amy Elisabeth (September 2007). Contemporary Authors. Cengage Gale. p. 267. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7876-7887-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7876-7887-6"><bdi>978-0-7876-7887-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Authors&rft.pages=267&rft.pub=Cengage+Gale&rft.date=2007-09&rft.isbn=978-0-7876-7887-6&rft.aulast=Fuller&rft.aufirst=Amy+Elisabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenang" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-345"><a href="#cite_ref-345">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOpalyn_Mok2014" class="citation news cs1">Opalyn Mok (14 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaymail.com/news/showbiz/2014/09/14/10-things-about-saw-teong-hin-award-winning-producer-director-and-son-of-pe/745535">"10 Things About: Saw Teong Hin, Award-winning Producer/Director and Son of Penang"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Malay_Mail" title="Malay Mail">Malay Mail</a>. Retrieved 23 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Malay+Mail&rft.atitle=10+Things+About%3A+Saw+Teong+Hin%2C+Award-winning+Producer%2FDirector+and+Son+of+Penang&rft.date=2014-09-14&rft.au=Opalyn+Mok&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaymail.com%2Fnews%2Fshowbiz%2F2014%2F09%2F14%2F10-things-about-saw-teong-hin-award-winning-producer-director-and-son-of-pe%2F745535&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenang" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-346"><a href="#cite_ref-346">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMayberry2023" class="citation news cs1">Mayberry, Kate (23 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/23/books-need-time-tan-twan-engs-new-novel-opens-door-on-history">"'Books Need Time': Tan Twan Eng's New Novel Opens Door on History"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera English</a>. Retrieved 13 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera+English&rft.atitle=%27Books+Need+Time%27%3A+Tan+Twan+Eng%27s+New+Novel+Opens+Door+on+History&rft.date=2023-05-23&rft.aulast=Mayberry&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F5%2F23%2Fbooks-need-time-tan-twan-engs-new-novel-opens-door-on-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenang" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-347"><a href="#cite_ref-347">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDennis_Chua2014" class="citation news cs1">Dennis Chua (15 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nst.com.my/news/2015/09/close-nicol-david">"Up Close with Nicol David"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Straits_Times" title="New Straits Times">New Straits Times</a>. Retrieved 7 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Up+Close+with+Nicol+David&rft.date=2014-08-15&rft.au=Dennis+Chua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nst.com.my%2Fnews%2F2015%2F09%2Fclose-nicol-david&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenang" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-348"><a href="#cite_ref-348">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gempak.com/berita-terkini/mamak-terharu-sokongan-orang-ramai-saya-nak-fokus-cari-duit-untuk-isteri-anak-back-untuk-mereka-40952">"Mamak Terharu Sokongan Orang Ramai - "Saya Nak Fokus Cari Duit Untuk Isteri Anak Back-Untuk Mereka...""</a>. gempak.com (in Malay). 2 September 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gempak.com&rft.atitle=Mamak+Terharu+Sokongan+Orang+Ramai+-+%22Saya+Nak+Fokus+Cari+Duit+Untuk+Isteri+Anak+Back-Untuk+Mereka...%22&rft.date=2020-09-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgempak.com%2Fberita-terkini%2Fmamak-terharu-sokongan-orang-ramai-saya-nak-fokus-cari-duit-untuk-isteri-anak-back-untuk-mereka-40952&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenang" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-349"><a href="#cite_ref-349">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOng2021" class="citation news cs1">Ong, K.H. (20 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buletinmutiara.com/a-super-happy-day-for-the-loh-family-after-kean-yew-becomes-world-badminton-champion/">"A Super Happy Day for the Loh Family After Kean Yew Becomes World Badminton Champion"</a>. Buletin Mutiara. Retrieved 7 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Buletin+Mutiara&rft.atitle=A+Super+Happy+Day+for+the+Loh+Family+After+Kean+Yew+Becomes+World+Badminton+Champion&rft.date=2021-12-20&rft.aulast=Ong&rft.aufirst=K.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buletinmutiara.com%2Fa-super-happy-day-for-the-loh-family-after-kean-yew-becomes-world-badminton-champion%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenang" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarber2010" class="citation book cs1">Barber, Andrew (2010). Penang At War : A History of Penang During and Between the First and Second World Wars 1914–1945. AB&B. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-983-43372-3-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-983-43372-3-0"><bdi>978-983-43372-3-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Penang+At+War+%3A+A+History+of+Penang+During+and+Between+the+First+and+Second+World+Wars+1914%E2%80%931945&rft.pub=AB%26B&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-983-43372-3-0&rft.aulast=Barber&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenang" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBayly2004" class="citation book cs1">Bayly, Christopher (2004). Forgotten Armies: The Fall of British Asia, 1941–1945. <a href="/wiki/Allen_Lane" title="Allen Lane">Allen Lane</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7139-9463-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7139-9463-6"><bdi>978-0-7139-9463-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forgotten+Armies%3A+The+Fall+of+British+Asia%2C+1941%E2%80%931945&rft.pub=Allen+Lane&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7139-9463-6&rft.aulast=Bayly&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenang" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJenkins2008" class="citation book cs1">Jenkins, Gwynn (2008). Contested Space: Cultural Heritage and Identity Reconstructions: Conservation Strategies Within a Developing Asian City. <a href="/wiki/LIT_Verlag" title="LIT Verlag">LIT Verlag</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8258-1366-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8258-1366-6"><bdi>978-3-8258-1366-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contested+Space%3A+Cultural+Heritage+and+Identity+Reconstructions%3A+Conservation+Strategies+Within+a+Developing+Asian+City&rft.pub=LIT+Verlag&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-3-8258-1366-6&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Gwynn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenang" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJouMichael_HsiaoAveline-Dubach2014" class="citation book cs1">Jou, Sue-Ching; Michael Hsiao, Hsin-Huang; Aveline-Dubach, Natacha (2014). Globalization and New Intra-Urban Dynamics in Asian Cities. <a href="/wiki/National_Taiwan_University" title="National Taiwan University">National Taiwan University</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-986-350-021-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-986-350-021-6"><bdi>978-986-350-021-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Globalization+and+New+Intra-Urban+Dynamics+in+Asian+Cities&rft.pub=National+Taiwan+University&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-986-350-021-6&rft.aulast=Jou&rft.aufirst=Sue-Ching&rft.au=Michael+Hsiao%2C+Hsin-Huang&rft.au=Aveline-Dubach%2C+Natacha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenang" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHockton2012" class="citation book cs1">Hockton, Keith (2012). Penang: An Inside Guide to Its Historic Homes, Buildings, Monuments and Parks. <a href="/wiki/MPH_Group" title="MPH Group">MPH Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-967-415-303-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-967-415-303-8"><bdi>978-967-415-303-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Penang%3A+An+Inside+Guide+to+Its+Historic+Homes%2C+Buildings%2C+Monuments+and+Parks&rft.pub=MPH+Group&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-967-415-303-8&rft.aulast=Hockton&rft.aufirst=Keith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenang" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKhoo2007" class="citation book cs1">Khoo, Su Nin (2007). Streets of George Town, Penang. Areca Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-983-9886-00-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-983-9886-00-9"><bdi>978-983-9886-00-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Streets+of+George+Town%2C+Penang&rft.pub=Areca+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-983-9886-00-9&rft.aulast=Khoo&rft.aufirst=Su+Nin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenang" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLewis_Su2016" class="citation book cs1">Lewis Su, Lin (2016). Cities in Motion: Urban Life and Cosmopolitanism in Southeast Asia, 1920–1940. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-10833-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-10833-2"><bdi>978-1-107-10833-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cities+in+Motion%3A+Urban+Life+and+Cosmopolitanism+in+Southeast+Asia%2C+1920%E2%80%931940&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-107-10833-2&rft.aulast=Lewis+Su&rft.aufirst=Lin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenang" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLangdon2014" class="citation book cs1">Langdon, Marcus (2014). George Town's Historic Commercial and Civic Precincts. George Town World Heritage Incorporated. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-967-12281-2-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-967-12281-2-8"><bdi>978-967-12281-2-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=George+Town%27s+Historic+Commercial+and+Civic+Precincts&rft.pub=George+Town+World+Heritage+Incorporated&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-967-12281-2-8&rft.aulast=Langdon&rft.aufirst=Marcus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenang" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOoiGoh2010" class="citation book cs1">Ooi, Kee Beng; Goh, Ban Lee (2010). Pilot Studies for a New Penang. <a href="/wiki/ISEAS_%E2%80%93_Yusof_Ishak_Institute" title="ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute">ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-4279-69-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-4279-69-7"><bdi>978-981-4279-69-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pilot+Studies+for+a+New+Penang&rft.pub=ISEAS+%E2%80%93+Yusof+Ishak+Institute&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-981-4279-69-7&rft.aulast=Ooi&rft.aufirst=Kee+Beng&rft.au=Goh%2C+Ban+Lee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenang" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFrancis2006" class="citation book cs1">Francis, Ric (2006). Penang Trams, Trolleybuses & Railways: Municipal Transport History, 1880s–1963. Areca Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-983-42834-0-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-983-42834-0-7"><bdi>978-983-42834-0-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Penang+Trams%2C+Trolleybuses+%26+Railways%3A+Municipal+Transport+History%2C+1880s%E2%80%931963&rft.pub=Areca+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-983-42834-0-7&rft.aulast=Francis&rft.aufirst=Ric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenang" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penang&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.penang.gov.my/index.php?lang=en">Penang state government</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="15px_State_of_Penang584" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Penang" title="Template:Penang"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Penang" title="Template talk:Penang"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Penang" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Penang"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="15px_State_of_Penang584" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Penang.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Coat_of_arms_of_Penang.svg/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_Penang.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Coat_of_arms_of_Penang.svg/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_Penang.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Coat_of_arms_of_Penang.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_Penang.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="540" /></a> <a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">State</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Penang</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capital: <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_State_of_Penang" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of the State of Penang">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Penang" title="Elections in Penang">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Penang_state_election" title="2008 Penang state election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Penang_state_election" title="2013 Penang state election">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Penang_state_election" title="2018 Penang state election">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Penang_state_election" title="2023 Penang state election">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_electoral_districts_in_Penang" title="List of electoral districts in Penang">Constituencies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Penang" title="Government of Penang">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penang_State_Executive_Council" title="Penang State Executive Council">Executive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Penang" title="List of governors of Penang">Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chief_Ministers_of_Penang" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chief Ministers of Penang">Chief Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chief_Minister_of_Penang" title="Deputy Chief Minister of Penang">Deputy Chief Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penang_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Penang State Legislative Assembly">Legislature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Penang_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Speaker of the Penang State Legislative Assembly">Speaker</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Geography_of_Penang" title="Template:Geography of Penang">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Penang" title="History of Penang">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_George_Town,_Penang" title="History of George Town, Penang">George Town</a></li></ul></li> <li>Symbols <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Untuk_Negeri_Kita" title="Untuk Negeri Kita">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Penang" title="Coat of arms of Penang">Coats of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Penang" title="Flag of Penang">Flag</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Penang" title="Architecture of Penang">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_George_Town,_Penang" title="List of tallest buildings in George Town, Penang">Tallest skyscrapers in George Town</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Penang" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Penang">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Penang" title="Demographics of Penang">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penangite_Chinese" title="Penangite Chinese">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysians_of_Indian_descent_in_Penang" title="Malaysians of Indian descent in Penang">Indians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Penang" title="Economy of Penang">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Penang" title="Education in Penang">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Penang" title="List of schools in Penang">List of schools</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Penang" title="Transport in Penang">Transportation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_in_George_Town,_Penang" title="List of streets in George Town, Penang">Streets in George Town</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Penang" title="List of tourist attractions in Penang">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administrative divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metropolitan area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Town_Conurbation" title="George Town Conurbation">George Town Conurbation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_George_Town.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Seal_of_George_Town.svg/20px-Seal_of_George_Town.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Seal_of_George_Town.svg/30px-Seal_of_George_Town.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Seal_of_George_Town.svg/40px-Seal_of_George_Town.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="452" data-file-height="427" /></a> <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;">Local government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Penang_Island_City_Council" title="Penang Island City Council">Penang Island City Council</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;">Downtown and suburbs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayer_Itam" title="Ayer Itam">Ayer Itam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balik_Pulau" title="Balik Pulau">Balik Pulau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batu_Ferringhi" title="Batu Ferringhi">Batu Ferringhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayan_Lepas" title="Bayan Lepas">Bayan Lepas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayan_Lepas_Free_Industrial_Zone" title="Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone">FIZ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_George_Town,_Penang" title="Central George Town, Penang">Downtown George Town</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Town_Central_Business_District,_Penang" title="George Town Central Business District, Penang">CBD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelugor" title="Gelugor">Gelugor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertak_Sanggul" title="Gertak Sanggul">Gertak Sanggul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jelutong,_Penang" title="Jelutong, Penang">Jelutong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantai_Acheh" title="Pantai Acheh">Pantai Acheh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paya_Terubong" title="Paya Terubong">Paya Terubong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penang_Hill" title="Penang Hill">Penang Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relau" title="Relau">Relau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanjong_Bungah" title="Tanjong Bungah">Tanjong Bungah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanjong_Pinang" title="Tanjong Pinang">Tanjong Pinang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanjong_Tokong" title="Tanjong Tokong">Tanjong Tokong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teluk_Bahang" title="Teluk Bahang">Teluk Bahang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teluk_Kumbar" title="Teluk Kumbar">Teluk Kumbar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;">Residential neighbourhoods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayer_Rajah,_Penang" title="Ayer Rajah, Penang">Ayer Rajah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farlim" title="Farlim">Bandar Baru Air Itam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Sri_Pinang" title="Bandar Sri Pinang">Bandar Sri Pinang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batu_Lanchang" title="Batu Lanchang">Batu Lanchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batu_Maung" title="Batu Maung">Batu Maung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batu_Uban" title="Batu Uban">Batu Uban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayan_Baru" title="Bayan Baru">Bayan Baru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Dumbar" title="Bukit Dumbar">Bukit Dumbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Jambul" title="Bukit Jambul">Bukit Jambul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clan_Jetties" title="Clan Jetties">Clan Jetties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Serani" title="Kampong Serani">Kampong Serani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Siam,_Penang" title="Kampung Siam, Penang">Kampung Siam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macallum_Street_Ghaut" title="Macallum Street Ghaut">Macallum Street Ghaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minden_Heights" title="Minden Heights">Minden Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Erskine" title="Mount Erskine">Mount Erskine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Court,_Penang" title="People's Court, Penang">People's Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulau_Tikus" title="Pulau Tikus">Pulau Tikus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifle_Range,_Penang" title="Rifle Range, Penang">Rifle Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Ara" title="Sungai Ara">Sungai Ara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Dua" title="Sungai Dua">Sungai Dua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Nibong" title="Sungai Nibong">Sungai Nibong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Pinang" title="Sungai Pinang">Sungai Pinang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_Free_School" title="Taman Free School">Taman Free School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_Tun_Sardon" title="Taman Tun Sardon">Taman Tun Sardon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Light_Waterfront" title="The Light Waterfront">The Light</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;">Villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Buah_Pala" title="Kampung Buah Pala">Kampung Buah Pala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Seronok" title="Kampung Seronok">Kampung Seronok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permatang_Damar_Laut" title="Permatang Damar Laut">Permatang Damar Laut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teluk_Tempoyak" title="Teluk Tempoyak">Teluk Tempoyak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;">Islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_Island,_Penang" title="Andaman Island, Penang">Andaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betong_Island" title="Betong Island">Betong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazumbo_Island" title="Gazumbo Island">Gazumbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerejak_Island" title="Jerejak Island">Jerejak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendi_Island" title="Kendi Island">Kendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovers%27_Isle" title="Lovers' Isle">Lovers'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penang_Island" title="Penang Island">Penang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimau_Island" title="Rimau Island">Rimau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Island" title="Silicon Island">Silicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikus_Island" title="Tikus Island">Tikus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North-East_District_(Penang)" title="North-East District (Penang)">Northeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South-West_District_(Penang)" title="South-West District (Penang)">Southwest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/File:Seberang_Perai_City_Council_(MBSP_-_Majlis_Bandaraya_Seberang_Perai)_Logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Seberang_Perai_City_Council_%28MBSP_-_Majlis_Bandaraya_Seberang_Perai%29_Logo.png/20px-Seberang_Perai_City_Council_%28MBSP_-_Majlis_Bandaraya_Seberang_Perai%29_Logo.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Seberang_Perai_City_Council_%28MBSP_-_Majlis_Bandaraya_Seberang_Perai%29_Logo.png/30px-Seberang_Perai_City_Council_%28MBSP_-_Majlis_Bandaraya_Seberang_Perai%29_Logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Seberang_Perai_City_Council_%28MBSP_-_Majlis_Bandaraya_Seberang_Perai%29_Logo.png/40px-Seberang_Perai_City_Council_%28MBSP_-_Majlis_Bandaraya_Seberang_Perai%29_Logo.png 2x" data-file-width="1199" data-file-height="1250" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Seberang_Perai" title="Seberang Perai">Seberang Perai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;">Local government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Seberang_Perai_City_Council" title="Seberang Perai City Council">Seberang Perai City Council</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;">Downtown and suburbs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batu_Kawan" title="Batu Kawan">Batu Kawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Mertajam" title="Bukit Mertajam">Bukit Mertajam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Minyak" title="Bukit Minyak">Bukit Minyak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Tambun" title="Bukit Tambun">Bukit Tambun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Tengah" title="Bukit Tengah">Bukit Tengah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butterworth,_Seberang_Perai" title="Butterworth, Seberang Perai">Butterworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juru,_Malaysia" title="Juru, Malaysia">Juru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepala_Batas,_Seberang_Perai" title="Kepala Batas, Seberang Perai">Kepala Batas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mak_Mandin" title="Mak Mandin">Mak Mandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nibong_Tebal" title="Nibong Tebal">Nibong Tebal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perai" title="Perai">Perai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perai_Free_Industrial_Zone" title="Perai Free Industrial Zone">FIZ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permatang_Pauh" title="Permatang Pauh">Permatang Pauh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seberang_Jaya" title="Seberang Jaya">Seberang Jaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Bakap" title="Sungai Bakap">Sungai Bakap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Jawi" title="Sungai Jawi">Sungai Jawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasek_Gelugor" title="Tasek Gelugor">Tasek Gelugor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teluk_Air_Tawar" title="Teluk Air Tawar">Teluk Air Tawar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;">Residential neighbourhoods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alma,_Bukit_Mertajam" title="Alma, Bukit Mertajam">Alma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagan_Ajam" title="Bagan Ajam">Bagan Ajam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagan_Dalam" title="Bagan Dalam">Bagan Dalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagan_Jermal,_Butterworth" title="Bagan Jermal, Butterworth">Bagan Jermal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagan_Luar" title="Bagan Luar">Bagan Luar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherok_Tok_Kun" title="Cherok Tok Kun">Cherok Tok Kun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penanti" title="Penanti">Penanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinang_Tunggal" title="Pinang Tunggal">Pinang Tunggal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simpang_Ampat,_Seberang_Perai" title="Simpang Ampat, Seberang Perai">Simpang Ampat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Dua,_Butterworth" title="Sungai Dua, Butterworth">Sungai Dua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val_d%27Or,_Penang" title="Val d'Or, Penang">Val d'Or</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;">Villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Machang_Bubok" title="Machang Bubok">Machang Bubok New Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengkuang_Titi" title="Mengkuang Titi">Mengkuang Titi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permatang_Pasir" title="Permatang Pasir">Permatang Pasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permatang_Rambai" title="Permatang Rambai">Permatang Rambai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permatang_Tinggi" title="Permatang Tinggi">Permatang Tinggi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;">Islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aman_Island" title="Aman Island">Aman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gedung_Island" title="Gedung Island">Gedung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Seberang_Perai_District" title="North Seberang Perai District">North Seberang Perai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Seberang_Perai_District" title="Central Seberang Perai District">Central Seberang Perai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Seberang_Perai_District" title="South Seberang Perai District">South Seberang Perai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Penang" class="extiw" title="commons:Penang">Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikisource page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:Penang" class="extiw" title="s:Portal:Penang">Wikisource</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Penang" title="Category:Penang">Category</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Penang" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Penang">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia145" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:States_and_Federal_Territories_of_Malaysia" title="Template:States and Federal Territories of Malaysia"><abbr title="View this 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navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Penang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perlis" title="Perlis">Perlis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terengganu" title="Terengganu">Terengganu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Territories_of_Malaysia" title="Federal Territories of Malaysia">Federal Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan">Labuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putrajaya" title="Putrajaya">Putrajaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_in_Malaysia" title="Singapore in Malaysia">Singapore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188096#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1680" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188096#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1680" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188096#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/307433917">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1920831/">FAST</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4115892-1">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2014019409">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12361389v">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12361389v">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge1139843&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007548085805171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058616047606706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/92f6eade-9f6d-4370-87ad-b9f3ffa573b0">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/03261828X">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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3041.638 1 -total"," 49.81% 1514.893 2 Template:Reflist"," 14.30% 434.951 129 Template:Cite_news"," 12.75% 387.681 1 Template:Infobox_political_division"," 12.08% 367.382 3 Template:Infobox"," 12.07% 367.129 69 Template:Cite_web"," 11.10% 337.657 91 Template:Cite_journal"," 9.20% 279.891 1 Template:Major_urban_areas_in_Penang"," 9.05% 275.239 1 Template:OSM_Location_map"," 4.02% 122.217 29 Template:Harvard_citation_no_brackets"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.801","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":24664614,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAbd._Rahman2000\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFAbdullah\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAbe2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAdnanSuratmanSamsudin2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAfaaf_Adam2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAgatha_Wong2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAkmal2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAllenStockwellWright1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAng2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAng2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAthukorala\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAzman2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAznam_Shah2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFB._Frank2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarber2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarton2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBayly2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeckett2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeh2023\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBernard_Cheah2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBisalputraSng2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlackledge1950\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBonny_Tan2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrian_Cheong,_KatelynTan2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChan\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChang2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChau2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChee2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChen2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCheryl_Sim2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChew2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChin2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChong2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChong2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChow2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChristie1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChristopher_Tan2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChristopher_Tan2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChristopher_Tan2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChristopher_Tan2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCorfield2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCripps2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCripps2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDaniel_Goh2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDaniel_Goh2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDaniel_Tay2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDarrelle_Ng2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDennis_Chua2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEugene_Quah2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvelyn_Teh2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFerrarese2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFilmer2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFitzpatrick2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrancis2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrancis2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFranich2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFreedman_Leonard1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFuller2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGanason\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGardner2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoh2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoh2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGooi_Hsiao_Leung\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFH._Kratoska1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHabibu2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaji_Endut1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarding2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHill1839\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHilmy2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHockton2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHon2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHong2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHutchinson2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIda_Lim2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJackson2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJaime_Koh\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJason_Ng,_Yimie_Yong2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJayne2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJenkins2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJeremy_Tan2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJeremy_Tan2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJeremy_Tan2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohn_Hilley2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnson_Lee2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJoshua_Woo_Sze_Zeng2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJouMichael_HsiaoAveline-Dubach2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFK._Mandal2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKelvin_Voon2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKevin_Tan2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKevin_Vimal2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKevin_Vimal2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhoo2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhoo2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhoo2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhoo_Salma_Nasution2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKoay2016\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKoay_Su_Lin2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLangdon2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLarry\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLewis2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLewis_Su2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLi2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLianne_Chia2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiew2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLilian_Chan2017\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFLim2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLim_Yoke_MuiNurwati_BadarulzamanA._Ghafar_Ahmad2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiu2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLo2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLopez2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLum2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMak_Hoy_Ken2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarcus_Langdon2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMayberry2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcDonnell2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcIntyre2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcIntyre2023\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMelissa_GohAbu_Baker2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMerican2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoniot1860\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoroter2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMulyanto2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFN._Trisha2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNambiar2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNeil_Khor2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNg2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNicole_Chang2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOmar\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOng2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOng2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOng2023\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFOoi1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOoi2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOoi2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOoi2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOoi2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOoi2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOoi2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOoiGoh2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOpalyn_Mok2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOpalyn_Mok2016\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFOpalyn_Mok2017\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFOpalyn_Mok2018\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFOpalyn_Mok2019\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFOpalyn_Mok2023\"] = 6,\n [\"CITEREFOpalyn_Mok2024\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFParker2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeter_Nijkamp2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRaman2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamli2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamly2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRuehl2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSaieed2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSaravanamuttu_Jayaratnam,_Lee_Hock_Guan2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchiro1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSee2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSinghRasiahWong2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSinnappan2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStanford1870\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStevens\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTeresa_Wai2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTurnbull\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVaghefi2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVaghefi2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVelloo2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVivien_Wong2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWang2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWong2013\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFWong2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYeap1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYeong2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZairill2022\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 18,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Bar box\"] = 2,\n [\"Bar percent\"] = 12,\n [\"CSS image crop\"] = 1,\n [\"Center\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 37,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 91,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 129,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 67,\n [\"Color box\"] = 3,\n [\"Convert\"] = 1,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"Cvt\"] = 18,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 1,\n [\"Endash\"] = 4,\n [\"EngvarB\"] = 1,\n [\"Flag\"] = 30,\n [\"Flagdeco\"] = 3,\n [\"Frac\"] = 1,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvard citation no brackets\"] = 29,\n [\"Historical populations\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 1,\n [\"Image frame\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox economy\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox political division\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 3,\n [\"Langx\"] = 4,\n [\"Legend inline\"] = 2,\n [\"Linktext\"] = 2,\n [\"MYS\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 12,\n [\"Major urban areas in Penang\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 2,\n [\"My10\"] = 7,\n [\"Ndash\"] = 4,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Penang\"] = 1,\n [\"Penang weatherbox\"] = 1,\n [\"Pie chart\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Quote box\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 8,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Small\"] = 12,\n [\"States and Federal Territories of Malaysia\"] = 1,\n [\"To USD\"] = 9,\n [\"Tree list\"] = 1,\n [\"Tree list/end\"] = 1,\n [\"URL\"] = 1,\n [\"Ubl\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Zh\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","400","21.7"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","300","16.3"],["?","240","13.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","100","5.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::anchorEncode","80","4.3"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","80","4.3"],["gsub","60","3.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","40","2.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::fetchLanguageName","40","2.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::get","40","2.2"],["[others]","460","25.0"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-65585cc8dc-jgh99","timestamp":"20250331231236","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Penang","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Penang","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q188096","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q188096","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-06-26T12:02:52Z","dateModified":"2025-03-28T12:57:16Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f4\/Penang_in_Malaysia.svg","headline":"Malaysian state"}</script> </body> </html>