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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Religious clothing of Jews</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hasidic_Men_on_Street.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Hasidic_Men_on_Street.jpg/220px-Hasidic_Men_on_Street.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Hasidic_Men_on_Street.jpg/330px-Hasidic_Men_on_Street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Hasidic_Men_on_Street.jpg/440px-Hasidic_Men_on_Street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1954" data-file-height="3036" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hasidic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasidic">Hasidic</a> men in <a href="/wiki/Borough_Park,_Brooklyn" title="Borough Park, Brooklyn">Borough Park, Brooklyn</a>. The man on the left is wearing a <a href="/wiki/Shtreimel" title="Shtreimel">shtreimel</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Tallit" title="Tallit">tallit</a>, and the other man traditional <a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism#Appearance" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidic garb</a>: long suit, black hat, and <a href="/wiki/Gartel" title="Gartel">gartel</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Jewish religious clothing</b> is <a href="/wiki/Apparel" class="mw-redirect" title="Apparel">apparel</a> worn by <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> in connection with the practice of the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish religion">Jewish religion</a>. Jewish religious clothing has changed over time while maintaining the influences of <a href="/wiki/Mitzvah" title="Mitzvah">biblical commandments</a> and <a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Jewish religious law</a> regarding clothing and modesty (<i><a href="/wiki/Tzniut" title="Tzniut">tzniut</a></i>). Contemporary styles in the wider culture also have a bearing on Jewish religious clothing, although this extent is limited. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_background">Historical background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_religious_clothing&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Historical background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> set forth rules for dress that, following later rabbinical tradition, were interpreted as setting Jews apart from the communities in which they lived.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Classical Greek and Roman sources, that often ridicule many aspects of Jewish life, do not remark on their clothing and subject it to caricature, as they do when touching on Celtic, Germanic, and Persian peoples, and mock their different modes of dress.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cultural anthropologist <a href="/wiki/Eric_Silverman" title="Eric Silverman">Eric Silverman</a> argues that Jews in the <a href="/wiki/Late_antiquity" title="Late antiquity">late antiquity</a> period used clothes and hair-styles like the people around them.<sup id="cite_ref-Silverman_24-26_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silverman_24-26-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At <a href="/wiki/2_Maccabees" title="2 Maccabees">2 Maccabees</a> 4:12, it is said that the <a href="/wiki/Maccabees" title="Maccabees">Maccabees</a> slaughtered Jewish youths guilty of <a href="/wiki/Hellenization" title="Hellenization">Hellenizing</a> in wearing caps typical of Greek youths.<sup id="cite_ref-Silverman_24-26_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silverman_24-26-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Mishnaic_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Mishnaic period">Mishnaic period</a>, as well as in many Islamic countries until the mid-20th century, Jewish men typically wore a <a href="/wiki/Tunic" title="Tunic">tunic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">חלוק</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">ḥaluq</i></span>), instead of trousers.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same countries, many different local regulations emerged to make Christian and Jewish <a href="/wiki/Dhimmi" title="Dhimmi">dhimmis</a> look distinctive in their public appearance. In 1198, the <a href="/wiki/Almohad_Caliphate" title="Almohad Caliphate">Almohad caliph</a> <a href="/wiki/Yaqub_al-Mansur" title="Yaqub al-Mansur">Yaqub al-Mansur</a> decreed Jews must wear dark blue garb with very large sleeves and a grotesquely oversized hat;<sup id="cite_ref-Silverman_47-48_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silverman_47-48-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> his son altered the colour to <a href="/wiki/Yellow_badge" title="Yellow badge">yellow</a>, a change that may have influenced Catholic ordinances some time later.<sup id="cite_ref-Silverman_47-48_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silverman_47-48-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> German ethnographer <a href="/wiki/Erich_Brauer" title="Erich Brauer">Erich Brauer</a> (1895–1942) noted that in Yemen of his time, Jews were not allowed to wear clothing of any color besides blue.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Earlier, in <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Saphir" title="Jacob Saphir">Jacob Saphir</a>'s time (1859), they would wear outer garments that were "utterly black".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In France, during the Middle Ages, Jewish men typically wore trousers and <a href="/wiki/Chemise" title="Chemise">chemise</a>, thought by Rashi to have been equivalent to the tunic worn by Jewish men of the east.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Men's_clothing"><span id="Men.27s_clothing"></span>Men's clothing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_religious_clothing&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Men's clothing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many Jewish men historically wore a <a href="/wiki/Turban" title="Turban">turban</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sudra_(headdress)" title="Sudra (headdress)">sudra</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Tunic" title="Tunic">tunic</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Tallit" title="Tallit">tallit</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sandal" title="Sandal">sandals</a> in summer.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oriental Jewish men in late-<a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British Mandate Palestine</a> would wear the <a href="/wiki/Tarbush" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarbush">tarbush</a> on their heads.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yosef_Saleh_the_silversmith.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Yosef_Saleh_the_silversmith.jpg/220px-Yosef_Saleh_the_silversmith.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Yosef_Saleh_the_silversmith.jpg/330px-Yosef_Saleh_the_silversmith.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Yosef_Saleh_the_silversmith.jpg 2x" data-file-width="361" data-file-height="511" /></a><figcaption>A Yemenite Jewish elder wearing a <a href="/wiki/Sudra_(headdress)" title="Sudra (headdress)">sudra</a> with central hat</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tallit,_tzitzit"><span id="Tallit.2C_tzitzit"></span>Tallit, tzitzit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_religious_clothing&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Tallit, tzitzit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Tallit" title="Tallit">tallit</a> is a Jewish prayer shawl worn while reciting <a href="/wiki/Shacharit" title="Shacharit">morning prayers</a> as well as in the <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogue</a> on <a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jewish_holidays" title="Jewish holidays">holidays</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>, the wearing of such garments was not unique to prayer time alone but was worn the entire day.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In many <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashkenazi">Ashkenazi</a> communities, a tallit is worn only after <a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_marriage" title="Jewish views on marriage">marriage</a>. The tallit has special twined and knotted fringes known as <a href="/wiki/Tzitzit" title="Tzitzit">tzitzit</a> attached to its four corners. It is sometimes referred to as <i>Arba kanefot</i> (lit. 'four corners')<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the term is more common for a tallit katan, an undergarment with tzitzit. According to the <a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Biblical commandments</a>, tzitzit must be attached to any four-cornered garment, and a thread with a blue dye known as <a href="/wiki/Tekhelet" title="Tekhelet">tekhelet</a> was originally included in the tzitzit. However, the missing blue thread does not impair the validness of the white.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jewish tradition varies with respect to burial with or without a tallit. While all the deceased are buried in <a href="/wiki/Tachrichim" title="Tachrichim">tachrichim</a> (burial shrouds), some communities (<a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Jews" title="Yemenite Jews">Yemenite Jews</a>) do not bury their dead in their tallit. The <i><a href="/wiki/Shulhan_Arukh" class="mw-redirect" title="Shulhan Arukh">Shulhan Arukh</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Arba%27ah_Turim" title="Arba'ah Turim">Arba'ah Turim</a></i>, following the legal opinion of <a href="/wiki/Nahmanides" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahmanides">Nahmanides</a>, require burying the dead with their tallit,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and which has become the general practice amongst most religious Jews. Among others, the matter is dependent upon custom. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jewish_Woman_Praying.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Jewish_Woman_Praying.jpg/170px-Jewish_Woman_Praying.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Jewish_Woman_Praying.jpg/255px-Jewish_Woman_Praying.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Jewish_Woman_Praying.jpg/340px-Jewish_Woman_Praying.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>A Jewish woman praying with a <a href="/wiki/Tallit" title="Tallit">tallit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tefillin" title="Tefillin">tefillin</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Since tzitzit are considered to be a time-bound commandment, only men are required to wear them.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Authorities have differed as to whether women are prohibited, permitted or encouraged to wear them. Medieval authorities tended toward leniency, with more prohibitive rulings gaining in precedence since the 16th century.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative Judaism</a> regards women as exempt from wearing tzitzit, not as prohibited,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the tallit has become more common among Conservative women since the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gordan_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordan-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some <a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">progressive Jewish</a> women choose to take on the obligations of <i>tzitzit</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Tefillin" title="Tefillin">tefillin</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it has become common for a girl to receive a tallit when she becomes <a href="/wiki/Bat_mitzvah" class="mw-redirect" title="Bat mitzvah">bat mitzvah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gordan_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordan-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kippah">Kippah</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_religious_clothing&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Kippah"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahane_Yehuda_Market_(5100813967).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mahane_Yehuda_Market_%285100813967%29.jpg/220px-Mahane_Yehuda_Market_%285100813967%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mahane_Yehuda_Market_%285100813967%29.jpg/330px-Mahane_Yehuda_Market_%285100813967%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mahane_Yehuda_Market_%285100813967%29.jpg/440px-Mahane_Yehuda_Market_%285100813967%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption>Kippahs sold in the <a href="/wiki/Mahane_Yehuda_Market" title="Mahane Yehuda Market">Mahane Yehuda Market</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Kippah" title="Kippah">kippah</a> or <i>yarmulke</i> (also called a <i>kappel</i>) is a thin, slightly-rounded skullcap traditionally worn at all times by Orthodox Jewish men, and sometimes by both men and women in Conservative and Reform communities. Its use is associated with demonstrating respect and reverence for <a href="/wiki/God_in_Judaism" title="God in Judaism">God</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_under_Muslim_rule" title="History of the Jews under Muslim rule">Jews in Arab lands</a> did not traditionally wear yarmulkes, but rather larger, rounded, brimless hats, such as the <a href="/wiki/Kufi" title="Kufi">kufi</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tarboush" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarboush">tarboush</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kittel">Kittel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_religious_clothing&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Kittel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Kittel" title="Kittel">kittel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a>: <span lang="yi" dir="rtl">קיטל</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Yiddish" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Yiddish">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Yiddish-language romanization"><i lang="yi-Latn">kitl</i></span>) is a white, knee-length, cotton robe worn by Jewish prayer leaders and some Orthodox Jews on the <a href="/wiki/High_Holy_Days" title="High Holy Days">High Holy Days</a>. In some families, the head of the household wears a <i>kittel</i> at the <a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Passover</a> <a href="/wiki/Seder" class="mw-redirect" title="Seder">seder</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while in other families all married men wear them.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In many Ashkenazi Orthodox circles, it is customary for the groom to wear a kittel under the <a href="/wiki/Chuppah" title="Chuppah">chuppah</a> (wedding canopy).<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Women's_clothing"><span id="Women.27s_clothing"></span>Women's clothing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_religious_clothing&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Women's clothing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jewish_religious_clothing&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:12_years_old_Jewish_Yemenite_mother.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/12_years_old_Jewish_Yemenite_mother.jpg/220px-12_years_old_Jewish_Yemenite_mother.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/12_years_old_Jewish_Yemenite_mother.jpg/330px-12_years_old_Jewish_Yemenite_mother.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/12_years_old_Jewish_Yemenite_mother.jpg/440px-12_years_old_Jewish_Yemenite_mother.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2155" data-file-height="2918" /></a><figcaption>Jewish Yemenite women and children in a refugee camp near <a href="/wiki/Aden" title="Aden">Aden</a>, Yemen in 1949. According to <a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Jewish religious law</a>, a married woman must <a href="/wiki/Tzniut#Hair_covering" title="Tzniut">cover her hair</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Married observant Jewish women wear a scarf (<span title="Yiddish-language romanization"><i lang="yi-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Tichel" class="mw-redirect" title="Tichel">tichel</a></i></span> or <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">mitpahat</i></span>), <a href="/wiki/Snood_(headgear)" title="Snood (headgear)">snood</a>, hat, beret, or sometimes a wig (<a href="/wiki/Sheitel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheitel">sheitel</a>) in order to conform with the requirement of <a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Jewish religious law</a> that married women <a href="/wiki/Tzniut#Hair_covering" title="Tzniut">cover their hair</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_jewish_wedding_costume.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Greek_jewish_wedding_costume.jpg/220px-Greek_jewish_wedding_costume.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Greek_jewish_wedding_costume.jpg/330px-Greek_jewish_wedding_costume.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Greek_jewish_wedding_costume.jpg/440px-Greek_jewish_wedding_costume.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>A Greek Sephardic couple in wedding costume ca. late 19th century. The woman wears a veil in accordance with wedding custom.</figcaption></figure> <p>Jewish women were distinguished from others in the western regions of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> by their custom of veiling in public. The custom of veiling was shared by Jews with others in the eastern regions.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The custom petered out among Roman women, but was retained by Jewish women as a sign of their identification as Jews. The custom has been retained among Orthodox women.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evidence drawn from the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> shows that pious Jewish women would wear shawls over their heads when they would leave their homes, but there was no practice of fully covering the face.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the medieval era, Jewish women started veiling their faces under the influence of the Islamic societies they lived in.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some Muslim regions such as in Baghdad, Jewish women veiled their faces until the 1930s. In the more lax <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Kurdistan#Ottoman_era" title="History of the Jews in Kurdistan">Kurdish regions</a>, Jewish women did not cover their faces.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jewish_vs_gentile_customs">Jewish vs gentile customs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_religious_clothing&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Jewish vs gentile customs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Based on the rabbinic traditions of the Talmud, the 12th century philosopher <a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a> forbade emulating gentile dress and apparel when those same items of clothing have immodest designs, or that they are connected somehow to an idolatrous practice, or are worn because of some superstitious practice (i. e., "the ways of an Amorite").<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A question was posed to 15th-century Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Colon_Trabotto" title="Joseph Colon Trabotto">Joseph Colon</a> (Maharik) regarding "gentile clothing" and whether or not a Jew who wears such clothing transgresses a biblical prohibition that states, "You shall not walk in their precepts" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/e/et/et0318.htm#3">Leviticus 18:3</a>). In a protracted <a href="/wiki/Responsum" class="mw-redirect" title="Responsum">responsum</a>, Rabbi Colon wrote that any Jew who might be a practising physician is permitted to wear a physician's cape (traditionally worn by gentile physicians on account of their expertise in that particular field of science and their wanting to be recognized as such), and that the Jewish physician who wore it has not infringed upon any law in the Torah, even though Jews were not wont to wear such garments in former times.<sup id="cite_ref-Colon88_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Colon88-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He noted that there is nothing attributed to "superstitious" practice by their wearing such a garment, while, at the same time, there isn't anything promiscuous or immodest about wearing such a cape, neither is it worn out of haughtiness. Moreover, he has understood from Maimonides (<i>Hilkhot Avodat Kokhavim</i> 11:1) that there is no commandment requiring a fellow Jew to seek out and look for clothing which would make them stand out as "different" from what is worn by gentiles, but rather, only to make sure that what a Jew might wear is not an "exclusive" gentile item of clothing. He noted that wearing a physician's cape is not an exclusive gentile custom, noting, moreover, that since the custom to wear the cape varies from place to place, and that, in France, physicians do not have it as a custom to wear such capes, it cannot therefore be an exclusive gentile custom.<sup id="cite_ref-Colon88_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Colon88-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Rabbi Colon, modesty was still a criterion for wearing gentile clothing, writing: "...even if Israel made it as their custom [to wear] a certain item of clothing, while the Gentiles [would wear] something different, if the Israelite garment should not measure up to [the standard established in] Judaism or of modesty more than what the Gentiles hold as their practice, there is no prohibition whatsoever for an Israelite to wear the garment that is practised among the Gentiles, seeing that it is in [keeping with] the way of fitness and modesty just as that of Israel."<sup id="cite_ref-Colon88_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Colon88-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Karo" title="Joseph Karo">Joseph Karo</a> (1488–1575), following in the footsteps of Colon, ruled in accordance with Colon's teaching in his seminal work <i><a href="/wiki/Beit_Yosef_(book)" title="Beit Yosef (book)">Beit Yosef</a></i> on the <a href="/wiki/Arba%27ah_Turim" title="Arba'ah Turim">Tur</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Yoreh_De%27ah" title="Yoreh De'ah">Yoreh De'ah</a></i> §178), and in his commentary <i><a href="/wiki/Kessef_Mishneh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kessef Mishneh">Kessef Mishneh</a></i> (on Maimonides' <i><a href="/wiki/Mishne_Torah" class="mw-redirect" title="Mishne Torah">Mishne Torah</a></i>, Hilkhot <i>Avodat Kokhavim</i> 11:1), making the wearing of gentile clothing contingent upon three factors: 1) that they not be promiscuous clothing; 2) not be clothing linked to an idolatrous practice; 3) not be clothing that was worn because of some superstitious practice (or "the way of the Amorites"). Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Moses_Isserles" title="Moses Isserles">Moses Isserles</a> (1530–1572) opines that to these strictures can be added one additional prohibition of wearing clothes that are a "custom" for them (the gentiles) to wear, that is to say, an exclusive gentile custom where the clothing is immodest.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rabbi and <a href="/wiki/Posek" title="Posek">posek</a> <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Feinstein" title="Moshe Feinstein">Moshe Feinstein</a> (1895–1986) subscribed to the same strictures.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_religious_clothing&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/24px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/36px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/48px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Judaism" title="Portal:Judaism">Judaism portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_clothing" title="Biblical clothing">Biblical clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_fashion" title="Israeli fashion">Israeli fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_hat" title="Jewish hat">Jewish hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaftan" title="Kaftan">Kaftan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_clothing" title="Religious clothing">Religious clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bekishe" title="Bekishe">Bekishe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_covering_for_Jewish_women" title="Head covering for Jewish women">Head covering for Jewish women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gartel" title="Gartel">Gartel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephod" title="Ephod">Ephod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haredi_burqa_sect" title="Haredi burqa sect">Haredi burqa sect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spodik" title="Spodik">Spodik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashket" title="Kashket">Kashket</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_religious_clothing&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSilverman2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Silverman" title="Eric Silverman">Silverman, Eric</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nZYdAAAAQBAJ&pg=PR15"><i>A Cultural History of Jewish Dress</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Academic" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloomsbury Academic">Bloomsbury Academic</a>. p. XV. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84520-513-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84520-513-3"><bdi>978-1-84520-513-3</bdi></a>. <q>Jews dressed differently as God's outcasts. But Jews also dressed differently in premodern Europe because their rabbis understood any emulation of non-Jews as a violation of the divine Law as revealed by God to Moses atop Mount Sinai. The Five Books of Moses, after all, together called the Torah, clearly specify that Jews must adhere to a particular dress code-modesty, for example, and fringes. The very structure of the cosmos demanded nothing less. Clothing, too, served as a "fence" that protected Jews from the profanities and pollutions of the non-Jewish societies in which they dwelled. From this angle, Jews dressed distinctively as God's elect.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Cultural+History+of+Jewish+Dress&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=XV&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-84520-513-3&rft.aulast=Silverman&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnZYdAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPR15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+religious+clothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilverman2013" class="citation book cs1">Silverman, Eric (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nZYdAAAAQBAJ&pg=PR15"><i>A Cultural History of Jewish Dress</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Academic" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloomsbury Academic">Bloomsbury Academic</a>. pp. XV, 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84520-513-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84520-513-3"><bdi>978-1-84520-513-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Cultural+History+of+Jewish+Dress&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=XV%2C+24&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-84520-513-3&rft.aulast=Silverman&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnZYdAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPR15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+religious+clothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Silverman_24-26-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Silverman_24-26_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Silverman_24-26_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilverman2013" class="citation book cs1">Silverman, Eric (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nZYdAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA24"><i>A Cultural History of Jewish Dress</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Academic" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloomsbury Academic">Bloomsbury Academic</a>. pp. 24–26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84520-513-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84520-513-3"><bdi>978-1-84520-513-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Cultural+History+of+Jewish+Dress&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=24-26&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-84520-513-3&rft.aulast=Silverman&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnZYdAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+religious+clothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Shabbat_(Talmud)" title="Shabbat (Talmud)">Shabbat</a></i> 10:3; <i>Shabbat</i> 15:2; <i><a href="/wiki/Me%27ilah" title="Me'ilah">Me'ilah</a></i> 6:4), <a href="/wiki/Tosefta" title="Tosefta">Tosefta</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Kil%27ayim_(tractate)" title="Kil'ayim (tractate)">Kil'ayim</a></i> 5:12), <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Mo%27ed_Katan" title="Mo'ed Katan">Mo'ed Katan</a></i> 14a; <i><a href="/wiki/Abodah_Zarah" class="mw-redirect" title="Abodah Zarah">Abodah Zarah</a></i> 34a, <i>et al.</i>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Silverman_47-48-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Silverman_47-48_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Silverman_47-48_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilverman2013" class="citation book cs1">Silverman, Eric (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nZYdAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA48"><i>A Cultural History of Jewish Dress</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Academic" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloomsbury Academic">Bloomsbury Academic</a>. pp. 47–48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84520-513-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84520-513-3"><bdi>978-1-84520-513-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Cultural+History+of+Jewish+Dress&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=47-48&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-84520-513-3&rft.aulast=Silverman&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnZYdAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+religious+clothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrauer1934" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Erich_Brauer" title="Erich Brauer">Brauer, Erich</a> (1934). <i>Ethnologie der Jemenitischen Juden</i>. Vol. 7. Heidelberg: Carl Winters Kulturgeschichte Bibliothek, I. Reihe: Ethnologische bibliothek.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnologie+der+Jemenitischen+Juden&rft.place=Heidelberg&rft.pub=Carl+Winters+Kulturgeschichte+Bibliothek%2C+I.+Reihe%3A+Ethnologische+bibliothek&rft.date=1934&rft.aulast=Brauer&rft.aufirst=Erich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+religious+clothing" class="Z3988"></span>, p. 79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a> (<i>Shabbat</i> 120a, s.v. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">חלוק</span>‎)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">סודר</span>= <i>sūdar</i>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHai_Gaon1921" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Hai_Gaon" class="mw-redirect" title="Hai Gaon">Hai Gaon</a> (1921), "Hai Gaon's Commentary on Seder Taharot", in Epstein, J.N. (ed.), <i>The Geonic Commentary on Seder Taharot - Attributed to Rabbi Hai Gaon</i> (in Hebrew), vol. 1, Berlin: Itzkowski, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=34567&st=&pgnum=81&hilite=">74</a>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/13977130">13977130</a>, <q><i>ha-sūdarīn</i>: meaning, that which is like a small turban.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hai+Gaon%27s+Commentary+on+Seder+Taharot&rft.btitle=The+Geonic+Commentary+on+Seder+Taharot+-+Attributed+to+Rabbi+Hai+Gaon&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=Itzkowski&rft.date=1921&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F13977130&rft.au=Hai+Gaon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+religious+clothing" class="Z3988"></span>. Cf. <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a>, <i>Kiddushin</i> 29b; <a href="/wiki/Yosef_Qafih" title="Yosef Qafih">Yosef Qafih</a>, <i>Halikhot Teman</i>, <a href="/wiki/Ben-Zvi_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ben-Zvi Institute">Ben-Zvi Institute</a>: Jerusalem 1982, p. 186. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">חלוק</span>= <i>ḥalūq</i>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChananel_ben_Chushiel1995" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Chananel_ben_Chushiel" title="Chananel ben Chushiel">Chananel ben Chushiel</a> (1995). Metzger, David (ed.). <i>Commentary of Rabbeinu Chananel on Tractate Shabbat</i> (in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Lev Sameach Institute. p. 237 (<i>Shabbat</i> 120a). <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/754770102">754770102</a>. <q><i>ḥalūq</i> [= tunic], it is the outer garment [which is worn].</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Commentary+of+Rabbeinu+Chananel+on+Tractate+Shabbat&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pages=237+%28%27%27Shabbat%27%27+120a%29&rft.pub=Lev+Sameach+Institute&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F754770102&rft.au=Chananel+ben+Chushiel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+religious+clothing" class="Z3988"></span>. Cf. <a href="/wiki/Erich_Brauer" title="Erich Brauer">Erich Brauer</a>, <i>Ethnologie der jemenitischen Juden</i>, Heidelberg 1934, p. 81 (German). Quote (translation): "A blue tunic that has a split that extends down to the waistline and that is closed at neck level is worn over the <i>maizar</i> (i.e. undergarment). If the tunic is multicolored and striped, it is called [in Arabic] <i>taḥtāni</i>, meaning, the lower. If it is monochrome, it is called [in Arabic] ‘<i>antari</i>. Finally, the outer layer of clothing, worn over the <i>maizar</i> and ‘<i>antari</i>, is a dark-blue cotton <i><a href="/wiki/Kaftan" title="Kaftan">kuftān</a></i>. The <i>kuftān</i> is a coat-like garment that extends down to the knees, that is fully open in the front and is closed with a single button in the neck."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Baba_Bathra" class="mw-redirect" title="Baba Bathra">Baba Bathra</a></i> 57b)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKahlenberg2018" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Kahlenberg, Caroline R. (Feb 2018). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shx164">"The Tarbush Transformation: Oriental Jewish Men and the Significance of Headgear in Ottoman and British Mandate Palestine"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Tarbush+Transformation%3A+Oriental+Jewish+Men+and+the+Significance+of+Headgear+in+Ottoman+and+British+Mandate+Palestine&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018-02&rft.aulast=Kahlenberg&rft.aufirst=Caroline+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%2Fjsh%2Fshx164&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+religious+clothing" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yehuda Ratzaby, <i>Ancient Customs of the Yemenite Jewish Community</i> (ed. Shalom Seri and <a href="/wiki/Israel_Kessar" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel Kessar">Israel Kessar</a>), Tel-Aviv 2005, p. 30 (Hebrew)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0522.htm#12">Deuteronomy 22:12</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMishnah1977" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a> (1977). <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Danby" title="Herbert Danby">Herbert Danby</a> (ed.). <i>The Mishnah</i> (12th ed.). Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/DanbyMishnah/page/n525/mode/1up">496</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-815402-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-815402-X"><bdi>0-19-815402-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mishnah&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=496&rft.edition=12th&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-19-815402-X&rft.au=Mishnah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+religious+clothing" class="Z3988"></span>, s.v. <a href="/wiki/Menachot" title="Menachot">Menahot</a> 4:1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shulhan Arukh, <a href="/wiki/Yoreh_De%27ah" title="Yoreh De'ah">Yoreh De'ah</a> § 351:2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Kiddushin_(tractate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiddushin (tractate)">Kiddushin</a></i> 29a): "Every affirmative biblical command that is contingent upon time (e. g., residing in a <a href="/wiki/Sukkah" title="Sukkah">Sukkah</a> on the 15th day of the lunar month <a href="/wiki/Tishri" class="mw-redirect" title="Tishri">Tishri</a>, or donning <a href="/wiki/Tefillin" title="Tefillin">Tefillin</a> during the day but not at night), men are obligated to perform them, but women are exempt from doing them." This teaching has been the common practice among Jews in all places for ages, and is forever perpetuated in the legal codes known to the Jewish nation, such as in <a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a>' Code of Jewish Law, the <i><a href="/wiki/Mishne_Torah" class="mw-redirect" title="Mishne Torah">Mishne Torah</a></i> (<i>Hil. Avodah Zarah</i> 12:3). The same <a href="/wiki/Posek" title="Posek">Posek</a> (decisor) has, however, cited its leniency, where women are permitted to wear them if they wish to do so.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrody2010" class="citation news cs1">Brody, Shlomo (October 15, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/Magazine/Personal-Notes/Why-do-Orthodox-women-not-wear-tefillin-or-tallit">"Why Do Orthodox Women Not Wear Tefillin or Tallit?"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Why+Do+Orthodox+Women+Not+Wear+Tefillin+or+Tallit%3F&rft.date=2010-10-15&rft.aulast=Brody&rft.aufirst=Shlomo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FMagazine%2FPersonal-Notes%2FWhy-do-Orthodox-women-not-wear-tefillin-or-tallit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+religious+clothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewfaq.org/signs.htm">Signs and Symbols</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRebecca_Shulman_Herz2003" class="citation journal cs1">Rebecca Shulman Herz (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.utoronto.ca/wjudaism/contemporary/articles/Tallitot/a_shulman_herz_1.html">"The Transformation of Tallitot: How Jewish Prayer Shawls Have Changed Since Women Began Wearing Them"</a>. <i>Women in Judaism: Contemporary Writings</i>. <b>3</b> (2). University of Toronto. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120317125946/http://www.utoronto.ca/wjudaism/contemporary/articles/Tallitot/a_shulman_herz_1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-03-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Women+in+Judaism%3A+Contemporary+Writings&rft.atitle=The+Transformation+of+Tallitot%3A+How+Jewish+Prayer+Shawls+Have+Changed+Since+Women+Began+Wearing+Them&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2003&rft.au=Rebecca+Shulman+Herz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.utoronto.ca%2Fwjudaism%2Fcontemporary%2Farticles%2FTallitot%2Fa_shulman_herz_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+religious+clothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gordan-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gordan_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gordan_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordan2013" class="citation book cs1">Gordan, Rachel (2013). Leonard Jay Greenspoon (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fZOtAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA167"><i>Fashioning Jews: Clothing, Culture, and Commerce</i></a>. Purdue University Press. pp. 167–176. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55753-657-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55753-657-0"><bdi>978-1-55753-657-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fashioning+Jews%3A+Clothing%2C+Culture%2C+and+Commerce&rft.pages=167-176&rft.pub=Purdue+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-55753-657-0&rft.aulast=Gordan&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfZOtAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+religious+clothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalpern2014" class="citation web cs1">Halpern, Avigayil (22 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.myjewishlearning.com/the-torch/women-tefillin-and-double-standards/">"Women, Tefillin, and Double Standards"</a>. <i>My Jewish Learning</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=My+Jewish+Learning&rft.atitle=Women%2C+Tefillin%2C+and+Double+Standards&rft.date=2014-01-22&rft.aulast=Halpern&rft.aufirst=Avigayil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.myjewishlearning.com%2Fthe-torch%2Fwomen-tefillin-and-double-standards%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+religious+clothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarin_Davis2010" class="citation book cs1">Carin Davis (25 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g1xXDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT22"><i>Life, Love, Lox: Real-World Advice for the Modern Jewish Girl</i></a>. Running Press. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7624-4041-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7624-4041-2"><bdi>978-0-7624-4041-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life%2C+Love%2C+Lox%3A+Real-World+Advice+for+the+Modern+Jewish+Girl&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Running+Press&rft.date=2010-05-25&rft.isbn=978-0-7624-4041-2&rft.au=Carin+Davis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg1xXDgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+religious+clothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebra_Nussbaum_Cohen2001" class="citation book cs1">Debra Nussbaum Cohen (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=W7ZilJOAWuQC&pg=PA134"><i>Celebrating Your New Jewish Daughter: Creating Jewish Ways to Welcome Baby Girls Into the Covenant : New and Traditional Ceremonies</i></a>. Jewish Lights Publishing. p. 134. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58023-090-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58023-090-2"><bdi>978-1-58023-090-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Celebrating+Your+New+Jewish+Daughter%3A+Creating+Jewish+Ways+to+Welcome+Baby+Girls+Into+the+Covenant+%3A+New+and+Traditional+Ceremonies&rft.pages=134&rft.pub=Jewish+Lights+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-58023-090-2&rft.au=Debra+Nussbaum+Cohen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DW7ZilJOAWuQC%26pg%3DPA134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+religious+clothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090214234042/http://judaism.about.com/od/prayersworshiprituals/f/kippah.htm">"Kippah"</a>. 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Univ of Wisconsin Press. pp. 188–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-299-13854-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-299-13854-7"><bdi>978-0-299-13854-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+of+Roman+Costume&rft.pages=188-&rft.pub=Univ+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-299-13854-7&rft.au=Judith+Lynn+Sebesta&rft.au=Larissa+Bonfante&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGxGPLju4KEkC%26pg%3DPA188&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+religious+clothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_B._Hurley2002" class="citation book cs1">James B. Hurley (3 July 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wHtKAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA270"><i>Man and Woman in Biblical Perspective</i></a>. Wipf and Stock Publishers. pp. 270–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57910-284-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57910-284-5"><bdi>978-1-57910-284-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Man+and+Woman+in+Biblical+Perspective&rft.pages=270-&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=2002-07-03&rft.isbn=978-1-57910-284-5&rft.au=James+B.+Hurley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwHtKAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA270&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+religious+clothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMary_Ellen_Snodgrass2015" class="citation book cs1">Mary Ellen Snodgrass (17 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gO9nBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA337"><i>World Clothing and Fashion: An Encyclopedia of History, Culture, and Social Influence</i></a>. Routledge. pp. 337–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-45167-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-45167-9"><bdi>978-1-317-45167-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Clothing+and+Fashion%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+History%2C+Culture%2C+and+Social+Influence&rft.pages=337-&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015-03-17&rft.isbn=978-1-317-45167-9&rft.au=Mary+Ellen+Snodgrass&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgO9nBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA337&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+religious+clothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReeva_Spector_SimonMichael_LaskierSara_Reguer2003" class="citation book cs1">Reeva Spector Simon; Michael Laskier; Sara Reguer (8 March 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VxEJrEY22egC&pg=PA212"><i>The Jews of the Middle East and North Africa in Modern Times</i></a>. Columbia University Press. pp. 212–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-50759-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-50759-2"><bdi>978-0-231-50759-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jews+of+the+Middle+East+and+North+Africa+in+Modern+Times&rft.pages=212-&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2003-03-08&rft.isbn=978-0-231-50759-2&rft.au=Reeva+Spector+Simon&rft.au=Michael+Laskier&rft.au=Sara+Reguer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVxEJrEY22egC%26pg%3DPA212&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+religious+clothing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maimonides, <i><a href="/wiki/Mishne_Torah" class="mw-redirect" title="Mishne Torah">Mishne Torah</a></i> (Hilkhot <i>Avodat Kokhavim</i> 11:1)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Colon88-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Colon88_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Colon88_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Colon88_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Questions & Responsa of Rabbi Joseph Colon, <i>responsum</i> # 88</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Yoreh_De%27ah" title="Yoreh De'ah">Yoreh De'ah</a></i> §178:1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Igrot Moshe</i> (Epistles of Moshe), <i>Yoreh De'ah</i> I, <i>responsum</i> # 81</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_religious_clothing&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Rubens, Alfred, (1973) <i>A History of Jewish Costume</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-297-76593-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-297-76593-0">0-297-76593-0</a>.</li> <li>Silverman, Eric. (2013) <i>A Cultural History of Jewish Dress</i>. London: Bloomsbury. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84788-286-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84788-286-8">978-1-84788-286-8</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_religious_clothing&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jewish_clothing" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Jewish clothing">Jewish clothing</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Folk_costumes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Folk_costumes" title="Template:Folk costumes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Folk_costumes" title="Template talk:Folk costumes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Folk_costumes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Folk costumes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Folk_costumes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Folk_costume" title="Folk costume">Folk costumes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Clothing_in_Africa" title="Clothing in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balgha" title="Balgha">Balgha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agbada" title="Agbada">Boubou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashiki" title="Dashiki">Dashiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djellaba" title="Djellaba">Djellaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_tie" title="Head tie">Head tie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jellabiya" title="Jellabiya">Jellabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanzu" title="Kanzu">Kanzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kente_cloth" title="Kente cloth">Kente cloth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kufi" title="Kufi">Kufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litham" title="Litham">Litham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pareo" title="Pareo">Pareo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_kaftan" title="Senegalese kaftan">Senegalese kaftan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagelmust" class="mw-redirect" title="Tagelmust">Tagelmust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrapper_(clothing)" title="Wrapper (clothing)">Wrapper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_clothing" title="Pashtun clothing">Afghanistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakol" title="Pakol">Pakol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapan" title="Chapan">Chapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deel_(clothing)" title="Deel (clothing)">Deel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malahai" title="Malahai">Malahai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranja" title="Paranja">Paranja</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_clothing" title="Chinese clothing">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheongsam" title="Cheongsam">Cheongsam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanfu" title="Hanfu">Hanfu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao_suit" title="Mao suit">Mao suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangzhuang" title="Tangzhuang">Tangzhuang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_clothing" title="Japanese clothing">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hachimaki" title="Hachimaki">Hachimaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimono" title="Kimono">Kimono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obi_(sash)" title="Obi (sash)">Obi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Korean_clothing" title="List of Korean clothing">Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheopji" title="Cheopji">Cheopji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daenggi" title="Daenggi">Daenggi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gache" title="Gache">Gache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanbok" title="Hanbok">Hanbok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hwagwan" title="Hwagwan">Hwagwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jokduri" title="Jokduri">Jokduri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangjin" title="Wangjin">Manggeon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bhutan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gho" title="Gho">Gho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kira_(Bhutan)" title="Kira (Bhutan)">Kira</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhoti" title="Dhoti">Dhoti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dupatta" title="Dupatta">Dupatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_in_India" title="Clothing in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lungi" title="Lungi">Lungi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newar_traditional_clothing" title="Newar traditional clothing">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_clothing" title="Pakistani clothing">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathin" title="Pathin">Pathin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perak_(headdress)" title="Perak (headdress)">Perak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peshawari_turban" title="Peshawari turban">Peshawari pagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sari" title="Sari">Sari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalwar_kameez" title="Shalwar kameez">Shalwar kameez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherwani" title="Sherwani">Sherwani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_clothing" title="Burmese clothing">Burma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longyi" title="Longyi">Longyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaung_baung" title="Gaung baung">Gaung baung</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_clothing" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmer clothing">Cambodia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sompot_Chong_Kben" title="Sompot Chong Kben">Chong Kben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krama" title="Krama">Krama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sompot" class="mw-redirect" title="Sompot">Sompot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sbai" title="Sbai">Sbai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_costume_of_Indonesia" title="National costume of Indonesia">Indonesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodo_blouse" title="Bodo blouse">Baju bodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batik" title="Batik">Batik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blangkon" title="Blangkon">Blangkon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikat" title="Ikat">Ikat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebaya" title="Kebaya">Kebaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemben" title="Kemben">Kemben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupiah" title="Kupiah">Kupiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songket" title="Songket">Songket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songkok" title="Songkok">Songkok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengkolok" title="Tengkolok">Tanjak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulos" title="Ulos">Ulos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Laos#Traditional_clothing" title="Culture of Laos">Laos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xout_lao" title="Xout lao">Xout lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suea_pat" title="Suea pat">Suea pat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinh_(clothing)" title="Sinh (clothing)">Sinh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_cultural_outfits" title="Malaysian cultural outfits">Malaysia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baju_Kurung" title="Baju Kurung">Baju Kurung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baju_Melayu" title="Baju Melayu">Baju Melayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songket" title="Songket">Songket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songkok" title="Songkok">Songkok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengkolok" title="Tengkolok">Tengkolok</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_and_clothing_in_the_Philippines" title="Fashion and clothing in the Philippines">Philippines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barong_tagalog" title="Barong tagalog">Barong tagalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baro%27t_saya" title="Baro't saya">Baro't saya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buntal_hat" title="Buntal hat">Buntal hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malong" title="Malong">Malong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Clara_gown" title="Maria Clara gown">Maria Clara gown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patadyong" title="Patadyong">Patadyong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salakot" title="Salakot">Salakot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing" title="Traditional Thai clothing">Thailand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing#Banong" title="Traditional Thai clothing">Banong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chong_kraben" class="mw-redirect" title="Chong kraben">Chong kraben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing" title="Traditional Thai clothing">Chut Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formal_Thai_national_costume" title="Formal Thai national costume">Formal Chut Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing#Pha_khao_ma" title="Traditional Thai clothing">Pha khao ma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pha_nung" class="mw-redirect" title="Pha nung">Pha nung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_pattern" title="Raj pattern">Raj pattern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabai" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabai">Sabai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinh_(clothing)" title="Sinh (clothing)">Sinh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suea_pat" title="Suea pat">Suea pat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing#Tabengman" title="Traditional Thai clothing">Tabengman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudong" title="Tudong">Tudong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_clothing" title="Vietnamese clothing">Vietnam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81o_b%C3%A0_ba" title="Áo bà ba">Áo bà ba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81o_d%C3%A0i" title="Áo dài">Áo dài</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81o_giao_l%C4%A9nh" title="Áo giao lĩnh">Áo giao lĩnh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81o_t%E1%BB%A9_th%C3%A2n" title="Áo tứ thân">Áo tứ thân</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abaya" title="Abaya">Abaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agal_(accessory)" title="Agal (accessory)">Agal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_clothing" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian clothing">Assyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisht_(clothing)" title="Bisht (clothing)">Bisht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boshiya" title="Boshiya">Boshiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burqa" title="Burqa">Burqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chador" title="Chador">Chador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izaar" title="Izaar">Izaar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kippah" title="Kippah">Kippah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheitel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheitel">Sheitel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallit" title="Tallit">Tallit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallit_katan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tallit katan">Tallit katan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tefillin" title="Tefillin">Tefillin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzitzit" title="Tzitzit">Tzitzit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilb%C4%81b" title="Jilbāb">Jilbāb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keffiyeh" title="Keffiyeh">Keffiyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_clothing" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish clothing">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niq%C4%81b" title="Niqāb">Niqāb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_costumes" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian costumes">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandama" title="Pandama">Pandama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thawb" title="Thawb">Thawb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turban" title="Turban">Turban</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hejazi_turban" title="Hejazi turban">Hejazi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Balkan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Albanian_clothing" title="Traditional Albanian clothing">Traditional Albanian clothing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brez_(clothing)" title="Brez (clothing)">Brez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87orape" title="Çorape">Çorape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinga" title="Opinga">Opinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qeleshe" title="Qeleshe">Qeleshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xhamadan" title="Xhamadan">Xhamadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xhubleta" title="Xhubleta">Xhubleta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aromanian_traditional_clothing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aromanian traditional clothing (page does not exist)">Aromanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_national_costume" title="Croatian national costume">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fustanella" title="Fustanella">Fustanella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_dress" title="Greek dress">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiton_(costume)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiton (costume)">Chiton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlamys" title="Chlamys">Chlamys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himation" title="Himation">Himation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_national_costume" title="Macedonian national costume">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_dress" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian dress">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_traditional_clothing" title="Serbian traditional clothing">Serbia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_clothing_of_Kosovo" title="Traditional clothing of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">British Isles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Britain <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_country_clothing" title="British country clothing">Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_uniform_and_dress_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Court uniform and dress in the United Kingdom">Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_uniform" title="Windsor uniform">Windsor uniform</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_clothing" title="Irish clothing">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_dress" title="Highland dress">Scottish highlands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aboyne_dress" title="Aboyne dress">Aboyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feather_bonnet" title="Feather bonnet">Feather bonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilt" title="Kilt">Kilt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporran" title="Sporran">Sporran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Welsh_costume" title="Traditional Welsh costume">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dirndl" title="Dirndl">Dirndl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lederhosen" title="Lederhosen">Lederhosen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_costumes_of_Poland" title="National costumes of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracht" title="Tracht">Tracht</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_dress" title="Armenian dress">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_traditional_clothing" title="Azerbaijani traditional clothing">Azerbaijan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kelaghayi" title="Kelaghayi">Kelaghayi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_national_clothing" title="Ukrainian national clothing">Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kobeniak" title="Kobeniak">Kobeniak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozhukh" title="Kozhukh">Kozhukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozhushanka" title="Kozhushanka">Kozhushanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ochipok" title="Ochipok">Ochipok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharovary" title="Sharovary">Sharovary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyshyvanka" title="Vyshyvanka">Vyshyvanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_wreath" title="Ukrainian wreath">Ukrainian wreath</a></li></ul></li> <li>Russia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kokoshnik" title="Kokoshnik">Kokoshnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovorotka" title="Kosovorotka">Kosovorotka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bast_shoe" title="Bast shoe">Lapti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orenburg_shawl" title="Orenburg shawl">Orenburg shawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarafan" title="Sarafan">Sarafan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Netherlands <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poffer" title="Poffer">Poffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraplap" title="Kraplap">Kraplap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oorijzer" title="Oorijzer">Oorijzer</a></li></ul></li> <li>France <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breton_costume" title="Breton costume">Breton costume</a></li></ul></li> <li>Spain <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traje_de_flamenca" title="Traje de flamenca">Traje de flamenca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barretina" title="Barretina">Barretina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cachirulo" title="Cachirulo">Cachirulo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordovan_hat" title="Cordovan hat">Cordovan hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sombrero_de_catite" title="Sombrero de catite">Sombrero de catite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantilla" title="Mantilla">Mantilla</a></li></ul></li> <li>Italy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ciocia" title="Ciocia">Ciocia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coppola_cap" title="Coppola cap">Coppola cap</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scandinavian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bunad" title="Bunad">Bunad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1kti" title="Gákti">Gákti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_national_costume" title="Icelandic national costume">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Sweden#Folk_costuming" title="Culture of Sweden">Sweden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationella_dr%C3%A4kten" title="Nationella dräkten">Nationella dräkten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A4ckadr%C3%A4kten" title="Bäckadräkten">Bäckadräkten</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sverigedr%C3%A4kten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sverigedräkten (page does not exist)">Sverigedräkten</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aguayo_(cloth)" title="Aguayo (cloth)">Aguayo</a></li> <li>Chile <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamanto" title="Chamanto">Chamanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilote_cap" title="Chilote cap">Chilote cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilote_poncho" title="Chilote poncho">Chilote poncho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chupalla" title="Chupalla">Chupalla</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chullo" title="Chullo">Chullo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guayabera" title="Guayabera">Guayabera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liqui_liqui" title="Liqui liqui">Liqui liqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lliklla" title="Lliklla">Lliklla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama_hat" title="Panama hat">Panama hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollera" title="Pollera">Pollera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poncho" title="Poncho">Poncho</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruana" title="Ruana">Ruana</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_clothing" title="Inuit clothing">Inuit skin clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tignon" title="Tignon">Tignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceinture_fl%C3%A9ch%C3%A9e" title="Ceinture fléchée">Ceinture fléchée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_wear" title="Western wear">Western wear</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolo_tie" title="Bolo tie">Bolo tie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaps" title="Chaps">Chaps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huipil" title="Huipil">Huipil</a></li> <li>Mexico <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huarache_(shoe)" title="Huarache (shoe)">Huarache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_pointy_boots" title="Mexican pointy boots">Mexican pointy boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebozo" title="Rebozo">Rebozo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serape" title="Serape">Serape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sombrero" title="Sombrero">Sombrero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quechquemitl" title="Quechquemitl">Quechquemitl</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grass_skirt" title="Grass skirt">Grass skirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feather_cloak" title="Feather cloak">Feather cloak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I-sala" title="I-sala">I-sala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lap-lap" title="Lap-lap">Lap-lap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavalava" title="Lavalava">Lavalava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiekie_(clothing)" title="Kiekie (clothing)">Kiekie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pareo" title="Pareo">Pareo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulu_(skirt)" title="Sulu (skirt)">Sulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%CA%BBovala" title="Taʻovala">Taʻovala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C4%93fui" title="Tēfui">Tēfui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupenu" title="Tupenu">Tupenu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jewish_religious_clothing&oldid=1253348386">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jewish_religious_clothing&oldid=1253348386</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_religious_clothing" title="Category:Jewish religious clothing">Jewish religious clothing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_clothing" title="Category:History of clothing">History of clothing</a></li></ul></div><div 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