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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etruscan_Etruria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etruscan_Etruria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etruscan Etruria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etruscan_Etruria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Territorial_subdivision_of_Etruria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Territorial_subdivision_of_Etruria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Territorial subdivision of Etruria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Territorial_subdivision_of_Etruria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cities_of_Etruria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cities_of_Etruria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Cities of Etruria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cities_of_Etruria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman_Etruria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_Etruria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Roman Etruria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_Etruria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etruria_in_modern_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etruria_in_modern_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Etruria in modern history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etruria_in_modern_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Etruria</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 52 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruri%C3%AB" title="Etrurië – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Etrurië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etrurien" title="Etrurien – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Etrurien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="إتروريا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إتروريا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruria" title="Etruria – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Etruria" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruriya" title="Etruriya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Etruriya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Этрурыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Этрурыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Етрурия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Етрурия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruria" title="Etruria – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Etruria" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etr%C3%BAria" title="Etrúria – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Etrúria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruria" title="Etruria – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Etruria" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruria" title="Etruria – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Etruria" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etrurien" title="Etrurien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Etrurien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etrurien" title="Etrurien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Etrurien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruria" title="Etruria – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Etruria" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ετρουρία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ετρουρία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruria" title="Etruria – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Etruria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruria" title="Etruria – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Etruria" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruria" title="Etruria – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Etruria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="اتروریا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اتروریا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89trurie" title="Étrurie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Étrurie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%ED%8A%B8%EB%A3%A8%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84" title="에트루리아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에트루리아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Էտրուրիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էտրուրիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etrurija" title="Etrurija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Etrurija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruria" title="Etruria – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Etruria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruria" title="Etruria – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Etruria" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etr%C3%BAr%C3%ADa" title="Etrúría – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Etrúría" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruria" title="Etruria – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Etruria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94" title="אטרוריה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אטרוריה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ეტრურია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ეტრურია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruria" title="Etruria – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Etruria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etr%C5%ABrija" title="Etrūrija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Etrūrija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruria" title="Etruria – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Etruria" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Етрурија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Етрурија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruria" title="Etruria – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Etruria" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruria" title="Etruria – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Etruria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruri%C3%AB" title="Etrurië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Etrurië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2" title="エトルリア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エトルリア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruria" title="Etruria – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Etruria" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruria" title="Etruria – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Etruria" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etr%C3%BAria" title="Etrúria – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Etrúria" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruria" title="Etruria – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Etruria" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etr%C3%BAria" title="Etrúria – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Etrúria" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruria" title="Etruria – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Etruria" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Этрурия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Этрурия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etr%C3%BAria" title="Etrúria – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Etrúria" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etrurija" title="Etrurija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Etrurija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Етрурија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Етрурија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruria" title="Etruria – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Etruria" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruria" title="Etruria – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Etruria" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etr%C3%BCrya" title="Etrürya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Etrürya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Етрурія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Етрурія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E7%89%B9%E9%B2%81%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A" title="伊特鲁里亚 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊特鲁里亚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q206730#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Region of Central Italy</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the ancient region of Italy. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Etruria_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Etruria (disambiguation)">Etruria (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Tyrrhenia" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Tyrrhenia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Tyrrhenia (disambiguation)">Tyrrhenia (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Tyrsenia" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Tyrsenia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Tyrsenia (disambiguation)">Tyrsenia (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Etruscan_civilization_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Etruscan_civilization_map.png/300px-Etruscan_civilization_map.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="365" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Etruscan_civilization_map.png/450px-Etruscan_civilization_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Etruscan_civilization_map.png/600px-Etruscan_civilization_map.png 2x" data-file-width="994" data-file-height="1208" /></a><figcaption>Map showing Etruria and Etruscan colonies as of 750 BC and as expanded until 500 BC</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Etruria</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ʊər/: 'our' in 'tour'">ʊər</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">ih-<span style="font-size:90%">TROOR</span>-ee-ə</i></a>) was a region of <a href="/wiki/Central_Italy" title="Central Italy">Central Italy</a> delimited by the rivers <a href="/wiki/Arno" title="Arno">Arno</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tiber" title="Tiber">Tiber</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETreccani_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETreccani-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an area that covered what is now most of <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a>, northern <a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a>, and north-western <a href="/wiki/Umbria" title="Umbria">Umbria</a>. It was inhabited by the <a href="/wiki/Etruscans" class="mw-redirect" title="Etruscans">Etruscans</a>, an ancient civilization that flourished in the area from around the 8th century BC until they were assimilated into the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a> in the 4th century BC.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etruscan_Etruria">Etruscan Etruria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etruria&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etruscan Etruria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ancient people of Etruria<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are identified as <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscans</a>. Their complex <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">culture</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> centered on numerous city-states that arose during the <a href="/wiki/Villanovan" class="mw-redirect" title="Villanovan">Villanovan</a> period in the ninth century BC, and they were very powerful during the <a href="/wiki/Orientalizing" class="mw-redirect" title="Orientalizing">Orientalizing</a> <a href="/wiki/Archaic_period_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaic period in Greece">Archaic periods</a>. </p><p>The Etruscans were a dominant culture in Italy by 650 BC,<sup id="cite_ref-Rix-2008_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rix-2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> surpassing other ancient Italic peoples such as the <a href="/wiki/Ligures" title="Ligures">Ligures</a>. Their influence may be seen beyond Etruria's confines in the <a href="/wiki/Po_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Po River">Po River</a> Valley and <a href="/wiki/Latium" title="Latium">Latium</a>, as well as in <a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a> and through their contact with the <a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Greek colonies</a> in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">Southern Italy</a> (including Sicily). Indeed, at some Etruscan tombs, such as those of the <a href="/wiki/Tumulus_di_Montefortini" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumulus di Montefortini">Tumulus di Montefortini</a> at Comeana (see <a href="/wiki/Carmignano" title="Carmignano">Carmignano</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a>, physical evidence of trade with <a href="/wiki/Third_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Third Intermediate Period of Egypt">Egypt</a> has been found by archaeologists—fine <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_faience" title="Egyptian faience">Egyptian faience</a> cups are an example. Such trade occurred either directly with Egypt or through intermediaries such as Greek or Phoenician sailors. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_-_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0,_%D0%AD%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_-_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0%2C_%D0%AD%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F.jpg/220px-%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_-_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0%2C_%D0%AD%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_-_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0%2C_%D0%AD%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F.jpg/330px-%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_-_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0%2C_%D0%AD%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_-_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0%2C_%D0%AD%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F.jpg/440px-%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_-_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0%2C_%D0%AD%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1695" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption><i>Gate in <a href="/wiki/Volterra" title="Volterra">Volterra</a>, Etruria</i> or <i>Returning With Captives</i> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleksandr_Svedomsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aleksandr Svedomsky (page does not exist)">Aleksandr Svedomsky</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Svedomski" class="extiw" title="fr:Aleksandr Svedomski">fr</a>]</span> or Svedomskiy, 1884</figcaption></figure> <p>Rome was influenced strongly by the Etruscans even though it was separated from the early boundary of Etruria by the <a href="/wiki/Silva_Ciminia" title="Silva Ciminia">Silva Ciminia</a>, the Ciminian Forest. A series of Etruscan kings ruled <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> until 509 BC when the last Etruscan king, <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Tarquinius_Superbus" title="Lucius Tarquinius Superbus">Lucius Tarquinius Superbus</a>, was removed from power and the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a> was established.<sup id="cite_ref-Cary_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cary-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Etruscans are credited with influencing Roman architecture and ritual practice; it was under the Etruscan kings that important structures such as the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Jupiter_(Capitoline_Hill)" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple of Jupiter (Capitoline Hill)">Capitolium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cloaca_Maxima" title="Cloaca Maxima">Cloaca Maxima</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Via_Sacra" title="Via Sacra">Via Sacra</a> were realized. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscan civilization</a> had a great influence on the culture of early Republican Rome, some of what later became the most symbolic traditions of the city. It also included the introduction of new foods, the <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Civil_engineering" title="Civil engineering">engineering</a> elements.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Territorial_subdivision_of_Etruria">Territorial subdivision of Etruria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etruria&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Territorial subdivision of Etruria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Etruria usually is divided into two main territories, called Northern Etruria and Southern Etruria, to which must be added the northernmost territories are called Etruria Padana, and the southernmost territories are called Etruria Campana. </p> <dl><dt><b>Etruria</b> (proper)</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><b>Northern Etruria</b> - much of modern <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/Arno" title="Arno">Arno river</a> to the north, the <a href="/wiki/Apennine_Mountains" title="Apennine Mountains">Apennines</a> to the east, and the <a href="/wiki/Albegna" title="Albegna">Albegna river</a> to the south of Tuscany;</li> <li><b>Inner Etruria</b> - the Etruscan territories in the Perugia area in modern western <a href="/wiki/Umbria" title="Umbria">Umbria</a></li> <li><b>Southern Etruria</b> - small portions of the most southern areas of Tuscany, all of northern and central <a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a> to the gates of <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Etruscan colonies</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_cities#Etruria_Padana" title="Etruscan cities">Etruscan cities § Etruria Padana</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_cities#Etruria_Campana" title="Etruscan cities">Etruscan cities § Etruria Campana</a></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Etruria_Padana" class="mw-redirect" title="Etruria Padana">Etruria Padana</a></b> (Padanian Etruria) - territories in <a href="/wiki/Emilia-Romagna" title="Emilia-Romagna">Emilia-Romagna</a> and in the southern extremity of <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Veneto" title="Veneto">Veneto</a>, in northern Italy</li> <li><b>Etruria Campana</b> (Campanian Etruria) - territories in southern <a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a>, in southern Italy</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cities_of_Etruria">Cities of Etruria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etruria&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cities of Etruria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Etruscan_votive_heads_IV-II_century_BC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Etruscan_votive_heads_IV-II_century_BC.jpg/300px-Etruscan_votive_heads_IV-II_century_BC.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Etruscan_votive_heads_IV-II_century_BC.jpg/450px-Etruscan_votive_heads_IV-II_century_BC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Etruscan_votive_heads_IV-II_century_BC.jpg/600px-Etruscan_votive_heads_IV-II_century_BC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="2205" /></a><figcaption>Etruscan votive heads found in various sanctuaries throughout Etruria and dating from the fourth century BC through the second century BC </figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_cities" title="Etruscan cities">Etruscan cities</a></div> <p>Latin and Italian names are given between parentheses: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arezzo" title="Arezzo">Arritim</a> (Arretium, <b>Arezzo</b>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adria" title="Adria">Atria</a> (<b>Adria</b>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerveteri" title="Cerveteri">Caisra</a> (Caere, <b>Cerveteri</b>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiusi" title="Chiusi">Clevsin</a> (Clusium, <b>Chiusi</b>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortona" title="Cortona">Curtun</a> (Cortonium, <b>Cortona</b>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volterra" title="Volterra">Felathri</a> (Volaterrae, <b>Volterra</b>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populonia" title="Populonia">Fufluna</a> (Populonium, <b>Populonia</b>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia">Parusia</a> (Perusia, <b>Perugia</b>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terracina" title="Terracina">Tarchna</a> (<a href="/wiki/Volscian_language" title="Volscian language">Volscian</a> Anxur) (Tarracina, <b>Terracina</b>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarquinia" title="Tarquinia">Tarchnal</a> (Tarquinii, <b>Tarquinia</b>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veii" title="Veii">Veii</a> (Veii, Veio)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vetluna" class="mw-redirect" title="Vetluna">Vetluna</a> (Vetulonium, <b>Vetulonia</b>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiesole" title="Fiesole">Vipsul</a> (Faesulae, <b>Fiesole</b>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volci" class="mw-redirect" title="Volci">Velch</a> (Vulci, <b>Volci</b>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volsinii" title="Volsinii">Velzna</a> (Volsiniia, <b>Volsinii</b>)</li></ul> <p>There was a period between 600 BC and 500 BC, during which twelve Etruscan city-states formed a loose confederation known as the <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization#Etruscan_League" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscan League</a>. Etruscan was the official language for their meetings. When Etruria was conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> became the official language. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Roman_Etruria">Roman Etruria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etruria&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Roman Etruria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustan</a> organization of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Italy" title="Roman Italy">Roman Italy</a>, <i>Etruria</i> was the name of a region (Regio VII). Its borders were the <a href="/wiki/Tiber" title="Tiber">Tiber</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tyrrhenian_Sea" title="Tyrrhenian Sea">Tyrrhenian Sea</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Apuan_Alps" title="Apuan Alps">Apuan Alps</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Apennines" class="mw-redirect" title="Apennines">Apennines</a>. This is roughly coincident with those of Etruria before the Roman period that began in 509 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etruria_in_modern_history">Etruria in modern history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etruria&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Etruria in modern history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Grand Duchy of Tuscany</a> (which existed 1569–1801 and 1814–1859) styled itself in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> as <i>Magnus Ducatus Etruriae</i> (Grand Duchy of Etruria). The name Etruria also was applied to the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Etruria" title="Kingdom of Etruria">Kingdom of Etruria</a>, an ephemeral <a href="/wiki/Client_state" title="Client state">client state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I of France">Napoleon I of France</a> that replaced the Grand Duchy between 1801 and 1807. </p><p>A particularly noteworthy work dealing with Etruscan locations is <a href="/wiki/D._H._Lawrence" title="D. H. Lawrence">D. H. Lawrence</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Sketches_of_Etruscan_Places_and_Other_Italian_Essays" title="Sketches of Etruscan Places and Other Italian Essays">Sketches of Etruscan Places and Other Italian Essays</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etruria&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCoberly2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Leo_Coberly" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Leo Coberly">Coberly, Daniel</a> (2013). <i>An Ancient and Modern History of Etruria</i>. Italian Heritage Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0615819112" title="Special:BookSources/978-0615819112"><bdi>978-0615819112</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Ancient+and+Modern+History+of+Etruria&rft.pub=Italian+Heritage+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0615819112&rft.aulast=Coberly&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEtruria" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etruria&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Padanian_Etruria" title="Padanian Etruria">Padanian Etruria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_history" title="Etruscan history">Etruscan history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_origins" title="Etruscan origins">Etruscan origins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_cities" title="Etruscan cities">Etruscan cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscan civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_society" title="Etruscan society">Etruscan society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_language" title="Etruscan language">Etruscan language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Etruscan mythology">Etruscan mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Etruria" title="Kingdom of Etruria">Kingdom of Etruria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscia" title="Tuscia">Tuscia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etruria&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETreccani-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETreccani_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTreccani">Treccani</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/etruschi_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/">"Etruschi - Enciclopedia"</a>. <i>Treccani</i> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Treccani&rft.atitle=Etruschi+-+Enciclopedia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.treccani.it%2Fenciclopedia%2Fetruschi_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEtruria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPosthZaroSpyrouVai2021" class="citation journal cs1">Posth, Cosimo; et al. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8462907">"The origin and legacy of the Etruscans through a 2000-year archeogenomic time transect"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Science_Advances" title="Science Advances">Science Advances</a></i>. <b>7</b> (39): eabi7673. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021SciA....7.7673P">2021SciA....7.7673P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fsciadv.abi7673">10.1126/sciadv.abi7673</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8462907">8462907</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34559560">34559560</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+Advances&rft.atitle=The+origin+and+legacy+of+the+Etruscans+through+a+2000-year+archeogenomic+time+transect&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=39&rft.pages=eabi7673&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8462907%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34559560&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fsciadv.abi7673&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021SciA....7.7673P&rft.aulast=Posth&rft.aufirst=Cosimo&rft.au=Zaro%2C+Valentina&rft.au=Spyrou%2C+Maria+A.&rft.au=Vai%2C+Stefania&rft.au=Gnecchi-Ruscone%2C+Guido+A.&rft.au=Modi%2C+Alessandra&rft.au=Peltzer%2C+Alexander&rft.au=M%C3%B6tsch%2C+Angela&rft.au=N%C3%A4gele%2C+Kathrin&rft.au=V%C3%A5gene%2C+%C3%85shild+J.&rft.au=Nelson%2C+Elizabeth+A.&rft.au=Radzevi%C4%8Di%C5%ABt%C4%97%2C+Rita&rft.au=Freund%2C+C%C3%A4cilia&rft.au=Bondioli%2C+Lorenzo+M.&rft.au=Cappuccini%2C+Luca&rft.au=Frenzel%2C+Hannah&rft.au=Pacciani%2C+Elsa&rft.au=Boschin%2C+Francesco&rft.au=Capecchi%2C+Giulia&rft.au=Martini%2C+Ivan&rft.au=Moroni%2C+Adriana&rft.au=Ricci%2C+Stefano&rft.au=Sperduti%2C+Alessandra&rft.au=Turchetti%2C+Maria+Angela&rft.au=Riga%2C+Alessandro&rft.au=Zavattaro%2C+Monica&rft.au=Zifferero%2C+Andrea&rft.au=Heyne%2C+Henrike+O.&rft.au=Fern%C3%A1ndez-Dom%C3%ADnguez%2C+Eva&rft.au=Kroonen%2C+Guus+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8462907&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEtruria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kindy, David, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/dna-analysis-shows-early-etruscans-were-homegrown-180978772/">Where Did the Ancient Etruscans Come From?: A new DNA analysis suggests the enigmatic civilization was native to the Italian Peninsula</a></i>, Smithsonian, September 29, 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rix-2008-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rix-2008_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rix, Helmut. "Etruscan." In <i>The Ancient Languages of Europe,</i> ed. Roger D. Woodard. Cambridge University Press, 2008, pp. 141–164.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cary-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cary_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cary, M.; Scullard, H. H., <i>A History of Rome.</i> Page 28. 3rd Ed. 1979. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-38395-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-38395-9">0-312-38395-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoma.Com2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Roma.Com, Redazione (2021-08-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.roma.com/linfluenza-della-civilta-etrusca-sugli-antichi-romani/">"L'influenza della civiltà etrusca sugli antichi Romani"</a>. <i>Roma.Com</i> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Roma.Com&rft.atitle=L%27influenza+della+civilt%C3%A0+etrusca+sugli+antichi+Romani&rft.date=2021-08-04&rft.aulast=Roma.Com&rft.aufirst=Redazione&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.roma.com%2Flinfluenza-della-civilta-etrusca-sugli-antichi-romani%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEtruria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaracca1970" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Baracca, M. (1970). <i>Atlante Storico</i> (in Latin). Novara: De Agostini. p. 15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atlante+Storico&rft.place=Novara&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=De+Agostini&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Baracca&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEtruria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etruria&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBonfanteBonfante2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Giuliano_Bonfante" title="Giuliano Bonfante">Bonfante, Giuliano</a>; <a href="/wiki/Larissa_Bonfante" title="Larissa Bonfante">Bonfante, Larissa</a> (2003). <i>The Etruscan Language: an Introduction</i>. Manchester: Manchester U.P. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0719055407" title="Special:BookSources/0719055407"><bdi>0719055407</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Etruscan+Language%3A+an+Introduction&rft.place=Manchester&rft.pub=Manchester+U.P.&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0719055407&rft.aulast=Bonfante&rft.aufirst=Giuliano&rft.au=Bonfante%2C+Larissa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEtruria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall1996" class="citation book cs1">Hall, John F., ed. (1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/etruscanitaly00john/page/411"><i>Etruscan Italy: Etruscan Influences on the Civilizations of Italy from Antiquity to the Modern Era</i></a></span>. Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780842523349" title="Special:BookSources/9780842523349"><bdi>9780842523349</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Etruscan+Italy%3A+Etruscan+Influences+on+the+Civilizations+of+Italy+from+Antiquity+to+the+Modern+Era&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780842523349&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fetruscanitaly00john%2Fpage%2F411&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEtruria" class="Z3988"></span> Chronology of Etruscan Italy, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bUhT7i7XhOAC&pg=PA367%7Cp.96">[1]</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTreccani" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/etruria">"Etruria"</a>. <i>Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</i> (in Italian). Treccani.it.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Istituto+dell%27Enciclopedia+Italiana&rft.atitle=Etruria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.treccani.it%2Fenciclopedia%2Fetruria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEtruria" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etruria&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/etruria" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/etruria">etruria</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/_Periods/Roman/Archaic/Etruscan/_Texts/DENETR*/home.html">Cities and Cemeteries of Etruria</a>, by <a href="/wiki/George_Dennis_(explorer)" title="George Dennis (explorer)">George Dennis</a>, an overview of Etruscan civilisation</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Etruria"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Etruria">"Etruria" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Etruria&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEtruria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://transferinrome.cab/etruscan-cerveteri-an-ancient-civilization/">"The Mysteries of Etruscan Cerveteri: A Walk Through an Ancient Civilization"</a> . <i>transferinrome.cab</i> - 2023-06-30</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Etruscan_civilization337" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Etruscans" title="Template:Etruscans"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Etruscans" title="Template talk:Etruscans"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Etruscans" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Etruscans"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Etruscan_civilization337" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscan civilization</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_history" title="Etruscan history">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_origins" title="Etruscan origins">Origins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villanovan_culture" title="Villanovan culture">Villanovan culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padanian_Etruria" title="Padanian Etruria">Padanian Etruria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_of_Rome" title="Founding of Rome">Founding of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrrhenus" title="Tyrrhenus">Tyrrhenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrrhenians" title="Tyrrhenians">Tyrrhenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarchon" title="Tarchon">Tarchon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aulus_Vibenna" title="Aulus Vibenna">Aulus Vibenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caelius_Vibenna" title="Caelius Vibenna">Caelius Vibenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capys" title="Capys">Capys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Tarquinius_Priscus" title="Lucius Tarquinius Priscus">Lucius Tarquinius Priscus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanaquil" title="Tanaquil">Tanaquil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servius_Tullius" title="Servius Tullius">Servius Tullius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Tarquinius_Superbus" title="Lucius Tarquinius Superbus">Lucius Tarquinius Superbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arruns_Tarquinius_(son_of_Tarquin_the_Proud)" title="Arruns Tarquinius (son of Tarquin the Proud)">Arruns Tarquinius (son of Tarquin the Proud)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Porsena" title="Lars Porsena">Lars Porsena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Tolumnius" title="Lars Tolumnius">Lars Tolumnius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Vestricius_Spurinna" title="Titus Vestricius Spurinna">Titus Vestricius Spurinna</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GiorcesVeiiApollo1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Apollo of Veii"><img alt="Apollo of Veii" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/GiorcesVeiiApollo1.jpg/75px-GiorcesVeiiApollo1.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/GiorcesVeiiApollo1.jpg/113px-GiorcesVeiiApollo1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/GiorcesVeiiApollo1.jpg/150px-GiorcesVeiiApollo1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="327" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization#Culture" title="Etruscan civilization">Culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_society" title="Etruscan society">society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_of_Veii" title="Apollo of Veii">Apollo of Veii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_architecture" title="Etruscan architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_art" title="Etruscan art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimera_of_Arezzo" title="Chimera of Arezzo">Chimera of Arezzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_coins" title="Etruscan coins">Coins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Speculorum_Etruscorum" title="Corpus Speculorum Etruscorum">Corpus Speculorum Etruscorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization#Etruscan_League" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscan League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Etruscan_names_for_Greek_heroes" title="List of Etruscan names for Greek heroes">Etruscan names for Greek heroes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiburtine_Sibyl" title="Tiburtine Sibyl">Tiburtine Sibyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanum_Voltumnae" title="Fanum Voltumnae">Fanum Voltumnae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haruspex" title="Haruspex">Haruspex/Extispicy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_jewelry" title="Etruscan jewelry">Jewelry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lausus" title="Lausus">Lausus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liver_of_Piacenza" title="Liver of Piacenza">Liver of Piacenza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezentius" title="Mezentius">Mezentius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monterozzi_necropolis" title="Monterozzi necropolis">Monterozzi necropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Etruscan_mythological_figures" title="List of Etruscan mythological figures">Mythological figures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persius" title="Persius">Persius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Poppilia">Poppilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raeti" class="mw-redirect" title="Raeti">Raeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_religion" title="Etruscan religion">Religion</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sarcophagus_of_the_Spouses" title="Sarcophagus of the Spouses">Sarcophagus of the Spouses</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tages" title="Tages">Tages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_terracotta_warriors" title="Etruscan terracotta warriors">Terracotta warriors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Larcius" title="Titus Larcius">Titus Larcius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Roaring_Lions" title="Tomb of the Roaring Lions">Tomb of the Roaring Lions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegoia" title="Vegoia">Vegoia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulca" title="Vulca">Vulca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_military_history" title="Etruscan military history">Military history</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alalia" title="Battle of Alalia">Battle of Alalia (540 BC–535 BC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rome_(509_BC)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Rome (509 BC)">Siege of Rome (509 BC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rome_(508_BC)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Rome (508 BC)">Siege of Rome (508 BC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Cremera" title="Battle of the Cremera">Battle of the Cremera (477 BC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cumae" title="Battle of Cumae">Battle of Cumae (474 BC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fidenae_(437_BC)" title="Battle of Fidenae (437 BC)">Battle of Fidenae (437 BC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Fidenae_(435_BC)" title="Capture of Fidenae (435 BC)">Capture of Fidenae (435 BC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Veii" title="Battle of Veii">Battle of Veii (c. 396 BC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Vadimo_(310_BC)" title="Battle of Lake Vadimo (310 BC)">Battle of Lake Vadimo (310 BC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Populonia" title="Battle of Populonia">Battle of Populonia (282 BC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman-Etruscan_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman-Etruscan Wars">Roman-Etruscan Wars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_language" title="Etruscan language">Language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_alphabet" title="Etruscan alphabet">Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cippus_Perusinus" title="Cippus Perusinus">Cippus Perusinus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Inscriptionum_Etruscarum" title="Corpus Inscriptionum Etruscarum">Corpus Inscriptionum Etruscarum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liber_Linteus" title="Liber Linteus">Liber Linteus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrgi_Tablets" title="Pyrgi Tablets">Pyrgi Tablets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raetic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Raetic language">Raetic language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemnian_language" title="Lemnian language">Lemnian language</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tabula_Capuana" title="Tabula Capuana">Tabula Capuana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tabula_Cortonensis" title="Tabula Cortonensis">Tabula Cortonensis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrsenian_languages" title="Tyrsenian languages">Tyrsenian languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Etruscan_origin" title="List of English words of Etruscan origin">English words of Etruscan origin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Archeology" class="mw-redirect" title="Archeology">Archeology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bucchero" title="Bucchero">Bucchero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuniculi" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuniculi">Cuniculi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscology" title="Etruscology">Etruscology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impasto_(pottery)" title="Impasto (pottery)">Impasto (pottery)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monteleone_Chariot" class="mw-redirect" title="Monteleone Chariot">Monteleone Chariot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Etruscan_Museum" title="National Etruscan Museum">National Etruscan Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negau_helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Negau helmet">Negau helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portonaccio" title="Portonaccio">Portonaccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Orcus" title="Tomb of Orcus">Tomb of Orcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumulus_of_Montefortini" title="Tumulus of Montefortini">Tumulus of Montefortini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicus_Tuscus" title="Vicus Tuscus">Vicus Tuscus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_cities" title="Etruscan cities">Key sites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acquarossa,_Italy" title="Acquarossa, Italy">Acquarossa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adria" title="Adria">Adria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al%C3%A9ria" title="Aléria">Aleria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baratti_(town)" title="Baratti (town)">Baratti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caere" title="Caere">Caere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceri" title="Ceri">Ceri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerveteri" title="Cerveteri">Cerveteri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civita_di_Bagnoregio" title="Civita di Bagnoregio">Civita di Bagnoregio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clusium" title="Clusium">Clusium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumae" title="Cumae">Cumae</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Etruria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falerii" title="Falerii">Falerii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fescennia" title="Fescennia">Fescennia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidenae" title="Fidenae">Fidenae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norchia" title="Norchia">Norchia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto">Orvieto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perusia" title="Perusia">Perusia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poggio_Colla" title="Poggio Colla">Poggio Colla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populonia" title="Populonia">Populonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrgi" title="Pyrgi">Pyrgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusellae" title="Rusellae">Rusellae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giovenale" title="San Giovenale">San Giovenale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spina" title="Spina">Spina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarquinia" title="Tarquinia">Tarquinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscania" title="Tuscania">Tuscania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veii" title="Veii">Veii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vetulonia" title="Vetulonia">Vetulonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vie_Cave" class="mw-redirect" title="Vie Cave">Vie Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volsinii" title="Volsinii">Volsinii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volterra" title="Volterra">Volterra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulci" title="Vulci">Vulci</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Italy" title="Portal:Italy">Portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="metadata coord-missing"></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" 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href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtrYD8mjy4YM3Fb3Jb68C">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4256476-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80082610">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00628281">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Etrurie"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge137392&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007552506805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/413122">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027310442">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" 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href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Umbria" title="Category:History of Umbria">History of Umbria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Villanovan_culture" title="Category:Villanovan culture">Villanovan culture</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Italian-language_sources_(it)" title="Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it)">CS1 Italian-language sources (it)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Latin-language_sources_(la)" title="Category:CS1 Latin-language sources (la)">CS1 Latin-language sources (la)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a 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