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<span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Aspect</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aspect-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Les_tiges_de_quatre_boules" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Les_tiges_de_quatre_boules"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Les tiges de quatre boules</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Les_tiges_de_quatre_boules-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manipulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manipulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Manipulation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manipulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Histoire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Histoire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Histoire</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Histoire-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Histoire</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Histoire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Autres_pays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autres_pays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Autres pays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autres_pays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table des matières" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Stchioty</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 12 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C3%B6tk%C9%99" title="Çötkə – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çötkə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Лічыльнікі – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лічыльнікі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Сметало – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сметало" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rech%C3%B2wnica" title="Rechòwnica – kachoube" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Rechòwnica" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kachoube" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%87%D1%83%D1%82" title="Шчут – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Шчут" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacus#Russian_abacus" title="Abacus – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Abacus" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arvelaud" title="Arvelaud – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Arvelaud" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="شاوتی – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شاوتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skaitliukai" title="Skaitliukai – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Skaitliukai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liczyd%C5%82o" title="Liczydło – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Liczydło" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%87%D1%91%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Русские счёты – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Русские счёты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F" title="Рахівниця – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рахівниця" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2512421#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Stchioty" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussion:Stchioty" rel="discussion" title="Discussion au sujet de cette page de contenu [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifier la variante de langue" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">français</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Affichages"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Stchioty"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stchioty&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stchioty&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stchioty&action=history" title="Historique des versions de cette page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils" > <label 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Stchioty"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stchioty&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stchioty&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stchioty&action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/Stchioty" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/Stchioty" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stchioty&oldid=201205243" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stchioty&action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&page=Stchioty&id=201205243&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FStchioty"><span>Obtenir l'URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FStchioty"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Stchioty"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Stchioty&action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stchioty&printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Russian_abacus" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2512421" title="Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirigé depuis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stchoty&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Stchoty">Stchoty</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><p>Le <i><b>stchioty</b></i> (Счёты) est le nom du <a href="/wiki/Boulier" title="Boulier">boulier</a> d'origine <a href="/wiki/Russie" title="Russie">russe</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Schoty_abacus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Schoty_abacus.jpg/220px-Schoty_abacus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Schoty_abacus.jpg/330px-Schoty_abacus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Schoty_abacus.jpg/440px-Schoty_abacus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="919" data-file-height="1064" /></a><figcaption>un stchioty</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aspect">Aspect</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stchioty&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Aspect" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stchioty&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Aspect"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il se caractérise par ses tiges de dix boules ayant toutes une valeur de 1, et où les boules <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 5 et <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 6 de chaque tige sont colorées de façon voyante, généralement en noir. </p><p>Les tiges sont généralement incurvées, ce qui permet aux boules de « tomber » naturellement d'un côté ou de l'autre sans garder entre elles d'espace vide. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Les_tiges_de_quatre_boules">Les tiges de quatre boules</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stchioty&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Les tiges de quatre boules" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stchioty&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Les tiges de quatre boules"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'une des tiges ne contient que quatre boules : elle servait à noter les quarts de <a href="/wiki/Rouble" title="Rouble">rouble</a>. Les deux suivantes servaient respectivement pour les dizaines et les unités de kopeks. Jusqu'en 1916, une tige de quatre boules était encore ajoutée à droite pour les quarts de kopek<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>La tige de quatre boules peut également servir à marquer la place de la virgule dans un nombre. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manipulation">Manipulation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stchioty&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Manipulation" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stchioty&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Manipulation"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On place le boulier face à soi, les boules regroupées à droite. On les active en les déplaçant vers la gauche. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Histoire">Histoire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stchioty&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Histoire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stchioty&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Histoire"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le <i>stchioty</i> a été utilisé jusque sous l'<a href="/wiki/Union_sovi%C3%A9tique" class="mw-redirect" title="Union soviétique">Union soviétique</a>, notamment dans les commerces. Son usage a été enseigné dans les écoles jusque dans les <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1990" title="Années 1990">années 1990</a>. Son usage a ensuite été largement abandonné, au profit des calculatrices mécaniques et électroniques. </p><p>Le boulier russe aurait été introduit en France en 1820 par le mathématicien <a href="/wiki/Jean-Victor_Poncelet" title="Jean-Victor Poncelet">Jean-Victor Poncelet</a>, de retour de captivité en Russie, où il avait servi dans l'<a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%A9e_napol%C3%A9onienne" class="mw-redirect" title="Armée napoléonienne">armée napoléonienne</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autres_pays">Autres pays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stchioty&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Autres pays" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stchioty&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Autres pays"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le <i>stchioty</i> a également été utilisé dans d'autres pays : il est désigné dans certaines contrées <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">iraniennes</a> sous le nom de <i>choreb</i> et en <a href="/wiki/Turquie" title="Turquie">Turquie</a> sous le nom de <i>coulba</i>. L'une de ses tiges ne contient que trois boules, conformément à une ancienne unité de monnaie<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stchioty&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stchioty&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Alain Schärlig, <i>Compter avec des cailloux. Le calcul élémentaire sur l'abaque chez les anciens Grecs</i>, Lausanne, Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes, 2001, p. 166. L'auteur propose une illustration de <i>stchioty</i> présentant, de gauche à droite : six tiges de dix boules pour les roubles, une de quatre boules pour les quarts de rouble, deux de dix pour les dizaines et les unités de kopeks, et une de quatre pour les quarts de kopek. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Alain Schärlig, <i>Compter avec des cailloux. Le calcul élémentaire sur l'abaque chez les anciens Grecs</i>, Lausanne, Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes, 2001, p. 166. L'auteur renvoie à <a href="/wiki/Karl_Menninger" title="Karl Menninger">Karl Menninger</a>, <i>Zahlwort und Ziffer, eine Kulturgeschichte der Zahl</i>, Göttingen, 1958.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Alain Schärlig, <i>Compter avec des cailloux. Le calcul élémentaire sur l'abaque chez les anciens Grecs</i>, Lausanne, Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes, 2001, p. 166.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stchioty&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stchioty&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soroban" title="Soroban">Soroban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulier" title="Boulier">Boulier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abaque_(calcul)" title="Abaque (calcul)">Abaque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SuanPan" class="mw-redirect" title="SuanPan">SuanPan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcul_mental" title="Calcul mental">Calcul mental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anzan" title="Anzan">Anzan</a></li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Math%C3%A9matiques" title="Portail des mathématiques"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Racine_carr%C3%A9e_bleue.svg/40px-Racine_carr%C3%A9e_bleue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Racine_carr%C3%A9e_bleue.svg/60px-Racine_carr%C3%A9e_bleue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Math%C3%A9matiques" title="Portail:Mathématiques">Portail des mathématiques</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stchioty&oldid=201205243">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stchioty&oldid=201205243</a> ».</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Accueil" title="Catégorie:Accueil">Catégories</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Boulier" title="Catégorie:Boulier">Boulier</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Science_en_Russie" title="Catégorie:Science en Russie">Science en Russie</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Catégories cachées : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Math%C3%A9matiques/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Mathématiques/Articles liés">Portail:Mathématiques/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Sciences/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Sciences/Articles liés">Portail:Sciences/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Projet:Math%C3%A9matiques/Articles" title="Catégorie:Projet:Mathématiques/Articles">Projet:Mathématiques/Articles</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 8 février 2023 à 15:52.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span style="white-space: normal"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Citation_et_r%C3%A9utilisation_du_contenu_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia" title="Wikipédia:Citation et réutilisation du contenu de Wikipédia">Droit d'auteur</a> : les textes sont disponibles sous <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions</a> ; d’autres conditions peuvent s’appliquer. 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