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effect</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: topography effect"> <meta name="keywords" content="topography effect"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="topography effect"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 14998</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: topography effect</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14998</span> The Use of Fractional Brownian Motion in the Generation of Bed Topography for Bodies of Water Coupled with the Lattice Boltzmann Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elysia%20Barker">Elysia Barker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jian%20Guo%20Zhou"> Jian Guo Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ling%20Qian"> Ling Qian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steve%20Decent"> Steve Decent</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A method of modelling topography used in the simulation of riverbeds is proposed in this paper, which removes the need for datapoints and measurements of physical terrain. While complex scans of the contours of a surface can be achieved with other methods, this requires specialised tools, which the proposed method overcomes by using fractional Brownian motion (FBM) as a basis to estimate the real surface within a 15% margin of error while attempting to optimise algorithmic efficiency. This removes the need for complex, expensive equipment and reduces resources spent modelling bed topography. This method also accounts for the change in topography over time due to erosion, sediment transport, and other external factors which could affect the topography of the ground by updating its parameters and generating a new bed. The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is used to simulate both stationary and steady flow cases in a side-by-side comparison over the generated bed topography using the proposed method and a test case taken from an external source. The method, if successful, will be incorporated into the current LBM program used in the testing phase, which will allow an automatic generation of topography for the given situation in future research, removing the need for bed data to be specified. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bed%20topography" title="bed topography">bed topography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FBM" title=" FBM"> FBM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LBM" title=" LBM"> LBM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shallow%20water" title=" shallow water"> shallow water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulations" title=" simulations"> simulations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152925/the-use-of-fractional-brownian-motion-in-the-generation-of-bed-topography-for-bodies-of-water-coupled-with-the-lattice-boltzmann-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152925.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14997</span> Topography Effects on Wind Turbines Wake Flow </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Daaou%20Nedjari">H. Daaou Nedjari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Guerri"> O. Guerri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Saighi"> M. Saighi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A numerical study was conducted to optimize the positioning of wind turbines over complex terrains. Thus, a two-dimensional disk model was used to calculate the flow velocity deficit in wind farms for both flat and complex configurations. The wind turbine wake was assessed using the hybrid methods that combine CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) with the actuator disc model. The wind turbine rotor has been defined with a thrust force, coupled with the Navier-Stokes equations that were resolved by an open source computational code (Code_Saturne V3.0 developed by EDF) The simulations were conducted in atmospheric boundary layer condition considering a two-dimensional region located at the north of Algeria at 36.74掳N longitude, 02.97掳E latitude. The topography elevation values were collected according to a longitudinal direction of 1km downwind. The wind turbine sited over topography was simulated for different elevation variations. The main of this study is to determine the topography effect on the behavior of wind farm wake flow. For this, the wake model applied in complex terrain needs to selects the singularity effects of topography on the vertical wind flow without rotor disc first. This step allows to determine the existence of mixing scales and friction forces zone near the ground. So, according to the ground relief the wind flow waS disturbed by turbulence and a significant speed variation. Thus, the singularities of the velocity field were thoroughly collected and thrust coefficient Ct was calculated using the specific speed. In addition, to evaluate the land effect on the wake shape, the flow field was also simulated considering different rotor hub heights. Indeed, the distance between the ground and the hub height of turbine (Hhub) was tested in a flat terrain for different locations as Hhub=1.125D, Hhub = 1.5D and Hhub=2D (D is rotor diameter) considering a roughness value of z0=0.01m. This study has demonstrated that topographical farm induce a significant effect on wind turbines wakes, compared to that on flat terrain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title="CFD">CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbine%20wake" title=" wind turbine wake"> wind turbine wake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=k-epsilon%20model" title=" k-epsilon model"> k-epsilon model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulence" title=" turbulence"> turbulence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex%20topography" title=" complex topography"> complex topography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29700/topography-effects-on-wind-turbines-wake-flow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29700.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">563</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14996</span> Effects of Surface Topography on Roughness of Glazed Ceramic Substrates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Sarjahani">R. Sarjahani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sheikhattar"> M. Sheikhattar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Javadpour"> S. Javadpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Hashemi"> B. Hashemi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Glazes and their surface characterization is an important subject for ceramic industries. Fabrication of a super smooth surface resistant to stains is a big improvement for those industries. In this investigation, surface topography of popular glazes such as Zircon and Titania based opaque glazes, calcium based matte glaze and transparent glaze has been analyzed by Marsurf M300, SEM, EDS and XRD. Results shows that surface roughness of glazes seriously depends on surface crystallinity, crystal size and shapes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystallinity" title="crystallinity">crystallinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glaze" title=" glaze"> glaze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20roughness" title=" surface roughness"> surface roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topography" title=" topography"> topography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23918/effects-of-surface-topography-on-roughness-of-glazed-ceramic-substrates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23918.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">567</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14995</span> Study on Construction of 3D Topography by UAV-Based Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yun-Yao%20Chi">Yun-Yao Chi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chieh-Kai%20Tsai"> Chieh-Kai Tsai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dai-Ling%20Li"> Dai-Ling Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a method of fast 3D topography modeling using the high-resolution camera images is studied based on the characteristics of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) system for low altitude aerial photogrammetry and the need of three dimensional (3D) urban landscape modeling. Firstly, the existing high-resolution digital camera with special design of overlap images is designed by reconstructing and analyzing the auto-flying paths of UAVs, which improves the self-calibration function to achieve the high precision imaging by software, and further increased the resolution of the imaging system. Secondly, several-angle images including vertical images and oblique images gotten by the UAV system are used for the detail measure of urban land surfaces and the texture extraction. Finally, the aerial photography and 3D topography construction are both developed in campus of Chang-Jung University and in Guerin district area in Tainan, Taiwan, provide authentication model for construction of 3D topography based on combined UAV-based camera images from system. The results demonstrated that the UAV system for low altitude aerial photogrammetry can be used in the construction of 3D topography production, and the technology solution in this paper offers a new, fast, and technical plan for the 3D expression of the city landscape, fine modeling and visualization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D" title="3D">3D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topography" title=" topography"> topography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UAV" title=" UAV"> UAV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=images" title=" images"> images</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82548/study-on-construction-of-3d-topography-by-uav-based-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82548.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14994</span> Effect of Scarp Topography on Seismic Ground Motion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haiping%20Ding">Haiping Ding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rongchu%20Zhu"> Rongchu Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhenxia%20Song"> Zhenxia Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Local irregular topography has a great impact on earthquake ground motion. For scarp topography, using numerical simulation method, the influence extent and scope of the scarp terrain on scarp's upside and downside ground motion are discussed in case of different vertical incident SV waves. The results show that: (1) The amplification factor of scarp's upside region is greater than that of the free surface, while the amplification factor of scarp's downside part is less than that of the free surface; (2) When the slope angle increases, for x component, amplification factors of the scarp upside also increase, while the downside part decrease with it. For z component, both of the upside and downside amplification factors will increase; (3) When the slope angle changes, the influence scope of scarp's downside part is almost unchanged, but for the upside part, it slightly becomes greater with the increase of slope angle; (4) Due to the existence of the scarp, the z component ground motion appears at the surface. Its amplification factor increases for larger slope angle, and the peaks of the surface responses are related with incident waves. However, the input wave has little effects on the x component amplification factors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scarp%20topography" title="scarp topography">scarp topography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20motion" title=" ground motion"> ground motion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amplification%20factor" title=" amplification factor"> amplification factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20incident%20wave" title=" vertical incident wave"> vertical incident wave</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73482/effect-of-scarp-topography-on-seismic-ground-motion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73482.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14993</span> Surface Topography Measurement by Confocal Spectral Interferometry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Manallah">A. Manallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Meier"> C. Meier</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Confocal spectral interferometry (CSI) is an innovative optical method for determining microtopography of surfaces and thickness of transparent layers, based on the combination of two optical principles: confocal imaging, and spectral interferometry. Confocal optical system images at each instant a single point of the sample. The whole surface is reconstructed by plan scanning. The interference signal generated by mixing two white-light beams is analyzed using a spectrometer. In this work, five ‘rugotests’ of known standard roughnesses are investigated. The topography is then measured and illustrated, and the equivalent roughness is determined and compared with the standard values. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confocal%20spectral%20interferometry" title="confocal spectral interferometry">confocal spectral interferometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nondestructive%20testing" title=" nondestructive testing"> nondestructive testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20metrology" title=" optical metrology"> optical metrology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20topography" title=" surface topography"> surface topography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roughness" title=" roughness"> roughness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70452/surface-topography-measurement-by-confocal-spectral-interferometry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70452.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">276</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14992</span> The Effect of Tool Type on Surface Morphology of FSJ Joint</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yongfang%20Deng">Yongfang Deng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dunwen%20Zuo"> Dunwen Zuo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An attempt is made here to join 2024 aluminum alloy plate by friction stir joining (FSJ) using different types of tools. Joint surface morphology was observed, and both arc line spacing and flash were measured. Study is carried out on the effect of pin, shoulder and eccentricity of the tool on the surface topography of the joint and the formation of the joint surface topography is analyzed. It is found that, eccentric squeezing action of the tool is the mainly motive power to form arc lines contour and flash structure. Little flash appears in the advancing side but with severe deformation, while the flash in the retreating side is heavy but with soft deformation. The pin of tool has a deep impact on the flash on the advancing side of the joints. Shoulder can widen the arc lines, refine arcs structure, reduce flash in the retreat side, but will increase the flash in the advancing side. Increasing the amount of eccentricity, it has litter effect on the arc line spacing but will destroy the arc lines morphology in the joint surface and promote the formation of filamentous flash structure in the joint. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FSJ" title="FSJ">FSJ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20morphology" title=" surface morphology"> surface morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tool" title=" tool"> tool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joint" title=" joint "> joint </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29621/the-effect-of-tool-type-on-surface-morphology-of-fsj-joint" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29621.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14991</span> The Influence of Ice Topography on Sliding over Ice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ernests%20Jansons">Ernests Jansons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karlis%20Agris%20Gross"> Karlis Agris Gross</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Winter brings snow and ice in the Northern Europe and with it the need to move safely over ice. It has been customary to select an appropriate material surface for movement over ice, but another way to influence the interaction with ice is to modify the ice surface. The objective of this work was to investigate the influence of ice topography on initiating movement over ice and on sliding velocity over ice in the laboratory and real-life conditions. The ice was prepared smooth, scratched or with solidified ice-droplets to represent the surface of ice after ice rain. In the laboratory, the coefficient of friction and the sliding velocity were measured, but the sliding velocity measured at the skeleton push-start facility. The scratched ice surface increased the resistance to movement and also showed the slowest sliding speed. Sliding was easier on the smooth ice and ice covered with frozen droplets. The contact surface was measured to determine the effect of contact area with sliding. Results from laboratory tests will be compared to loading under heavier loads to show the influence of load on sliding over different ice surfaces. This outcome provides a useful indicator for pedestrians and road traffic on the safety of movement over different ice surfaces as well as a reference for those involved with winter sports. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20area" title="contact area">contact area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction" title=" friction"> friction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ice%20topography" title=" ice topography"> ice topography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sliding%20velocity" title=" sliding velocity"> sliding velocity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91177/the-influence-of-ice-topography-on-sliding-over-ice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91177.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">240</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14990</span> Role of Biomaterial Surface Nanotopography on Protein Unfolding and Immune Response</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahul%20Madathiparambil%20Visalakshan">Rahul Madathiparambil Visalakshan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alex%20Cavallaro"> Alex Cavallaro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Hayball"> John Hayball</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krasimir%20Vasilev"> Krasimir Vasilev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The role of biomaterial surface nanotopograhy on fibrinogen adsorption and unfolding, and the subsequent immune response were studied. Inconsistent topography and varying chemical functionalities along with a lack of reproducibility pose a challenge in determining the specific effects of nanotopography or chemistry on proteins and cells. It is important to have a well-defined nanotopography with a homogeneous chemistry to study the real effect of nanotopography on biological systems. Therefore, we developed a technique that can produce well-defined and highly reproducible topography to identify the role of specific roughness, size, height and density with the presence of homogeneous chemical functionality. Using plasma polymerisation of oxazoline monomers and immobilized gold nanoparticles we created surfaces with an equal number density of nanoparticles of different sizes. This surface was used to study the role of surface nanotopography and the interplay of surface chemistry on proteins and immune cells. The effect of nanotopography on fibrinogen adsorption was investigated using Quartz Cristal Microbalance with Dissipation and micro BCA. The mass of fibrinogen adsorbed on the surface increased with increasing size of nano-topography. Protein structural changes up on adsorption to the nano rough surface was studied using circular dichroism spectroscopy. Fibrinogen unfolding varied depending on the specific nanotopography of the surfaces. It was revealed that the in vitro immune response to the nanotopography surfaces changed due to this protein unfolding. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomaterial%20inflammation" title="biomaterial inflammation">biomaterial inflammation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein%20and%20cell%20responses" title=" protein and cell responses"> protein and cell responses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein%20unfolding" title=" protein unfolding"> protein unfolding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20nanotopography" title=" surface nanotopography"> surface nanotopography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66388/role-of-biomaterial-surface-nanotopography-on-protein-unfolding-and-immune-response" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66388.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14989</span> Analysis of the Theoretical Values of Several Characteristic Parameters of Surface Topography in Rotational Turning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Kundr%C3%A1k">J. Kundr谩k</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Sztankovics"> I. Sztankovics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Gy%C3%A1ni"> K. Gy谩ni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In addition to the increase of the material removal rate or surface rate, or the improvement of the surface quality, which are the main aims of the development of manufacturing technology, a growing number of other manufacturing requirements have appeared in the machining of workpiece surfaces. Among these, it is becoming increasingly dominant to generate a surface topography in finishing operations which meet more closely the needs of operational requirements. These include the examination of the surface periodicity and/or ensuring that the twist structure values are within the limits (or even preventing its occurrence) in specified cases such as on the sealing surfaces of rotating shafts or on the inside working surfaces of needle roller bearings. In the view of the measurement, the twist has different parameters from surface roughness, which must be determined for the machining procedures. Therefore in this paper the alteration of the theoretical values of the parameters determining twist structure are studied as a function of the kinematic properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinematic%20parameters" title="kinematic parameters">kinematic parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotational%20turning" title=" rotational turning"> rotational turning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20topography" title=" surface topography"> surface topography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=twist%20structure" title=" twist structure"> twist structure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11004/analysis-of-the-theoretical-values-of-several-characteristic-parameters-of-surface-topography-in-rotational-turning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11004.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14988</span> 3D Modeling for Frequency and Time-Domain Airborne EM Systems with Topography</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Yin">C. Yin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Zhang"> B. Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Liu"> Y. Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Cai"> J. Cai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Airborne EM (AEM) is an effective geophysical exploration tool, especially suitable for ridged mountain areas. In these areas, topography will have serious effects on AEM system responses. However, until now little study has been reported on topographic effect on airborne EM systems. In this paper, an edge-based unstructured finite-element (FE) method is developed for 3D topographic modeling for both frequency and time-domain airborne EM systems. Starting from the frequency-domain Maxwell equations, a vector Helmholtz equation is derived to obtain a stable and accurate solution. Considering that the AEM transmitter and receiver are both located in the air, the scattered field method is used in our modeling. The Galerkin method is applied to discretize the Helmholtz equation for the final FE equations. Solving the FE equations, the frequency-domain AEM responses are obtained. To accelerate the calculation speed, the response of source in free-space is used as the primary field and the PARDISO direct solver is used to deal with the problem with multiple transmitting sources. After calculating the frequency-domain AEM responses, a Hankel鈥檚 transform is applied to obtain the time-domain AEM responses. To check the accuracy of present algorithm and to analyze the characteristic of topographic effect on airborne EM systems, both the frequency- and time-domain AEM responses for 3 model groups are simulated: 1) a flat half-space model that has a semi-analytical solution of EM response; 2) a valley or hill earth model; 3) a valley or hill earth with an abnormal body embedded. Numerical experiments show that close to the node points of the topography, AEM responses demonstrate sharp changes. Special attentions need to be paid to the topographic effects when interpreting AEM survey data over rugged topographic areas. Besides, the profile of the AEM responses presents a mirror relation with the topographic earth surface. In comparison to the topographic effect that mainly occurs at the high-frequency end and early time channels, the EM responses of underground conductors mainly occur at low frequencies and later time channels. For the signal of the same time channel, the dB/dt field reflects the change of conductivity better than the B-field. The research of this paper will serve airborne EM in the identification and correction of the topographic effects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D" title="3D">3D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Airborne%20EM" title=" Airborne EM"> Airborne EM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forward%20modeling" title=" forward modeling"> forward modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topographic%20effect" title=" topographic effect"> topographic effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46216/3d-modeling-for-frequency-and-time-domain-airborne-em-systems-with-topography" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46216.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14987</span> Management Effects on Different Sustainable Agricultural with Diverse Topography</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kusay%20Wheib">Kusay Wheib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandra%20Krvchenko"> Alexandra Krvchenko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Crop yields are influenced by many factors, including natural ones, such as soil and environmental characteristics of the agricultural land, as well as manmade ones, such as management applications. One of the factors that frequently affect crop yields in undulating Midwest landscapes is topography, which controls the movement of water and nutrients necessary for plant life. The main objective of this study is to examine how field topography influences performance of different management practices in undulated terrain of southwest Michigan. A total of 26 agricultural fields, ranging in size from 1.1 to 7.4 ha, from the Scale-Up at Kellogg Biological Station were included in the study. The two studied factors were crop species with three levels, i.e., corn (Zea mays L.) soybean (Glycine max L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and management practice with three levels, i.e., conventional, low input, and organic managements. They were compared under three contrasting topographical settings, namely, summit (includes summits and shoulders), slope (includes backslopes), and depression (includes footslope and toeslope). Yield data of years 2007 through 2012 was processed, cleaned, and filtered, average yield then was calculated for each field, topographic setting, and year. Topography parameters, including terrain, slope, curvature, flow direction and wetness index were computed under ArcGIS environment for each topographic class of each field to seek their effects on yield. Results showed that topographical depressions produced greatest yields in most studied fields, while managements with chemical inputs, both low input and conventional, resulted in higher yields than the organic management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20agriculture" title="sustainable agriculture">sustainable agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precision%20agriculture" title=" precision agriculture"> precision agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topography" title=" topography"> topography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield" title=" yield"> yield</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122226/management-effects-on-different-sustainable-agricultural-with-diverse-topography" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122226.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14986</span> Macroscopic Anatomy of the Nutrient Foramina of Human Scaphoid Bone</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20V.%20Murlimanju">B. V. Murlimanju</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Scaphoid bone is commonly fractured among all the bones of the wrist. The fracture can damage the arteries and would cause avascular necrosis of the scaphoid. In this present study, the goal was to study the topography and number of nutrient foramina in the scaphoid bones of South Indian population. Methods: We studied 46 human scaphoid bones, among them 20 were left sided and 26 belonged to the right side. The scaphoid bones were available at the department of anatomy of our institution. The scaphoid bones were macroscopically observed for the topography and number of nutrient foramina. The data was collected, tabulated and analyzed. Results: The nutrient foramina were observed in all the scaphoid bones (100%). The locations of the foramina were over the non-articular surfaces in all these scaphoids. They were distributed over the palmar and dorsal surfaces. The foramina were found proximal as well as distal to the mid waist of the scaphoid bone. Their number ranged between 9 and 54 in each scaphoid bone. The number ranged between 2-24 over the palmar surface and 7-36 over the dorsal surface. They ranged between 2-24 proximal to the waist and 3-39 distal to the waist. Conclusion: The knowledge of arterial supply, topography of nutrient foramen and their number is essential to understand the concepts of avascular necrosis of scaphoid bone. It will be enlightening to understand the non-union of the fracture of waist of the scaphoid. The morphological data is required to the operating hand surgeon. We do believe that the present study has provided additional information about the topography and number of nutrient foramina of the human scaphoid bones. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=avascular%20necrosis" title="avascular necrosis">avascular necrosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrient%20foramen" title=" nutrient foramen"> nutrient foramen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scaphoid" title=" scaphoid"> scaphoid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vascular" title=" vascular"> vascular</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42463/macroscopic-anatomy-of-the-nutrient-foramina-of-human-scaphoid-bone" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42463.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14985</span> Submarine Topography and Beach Survey of Gang-Neung Port in South Korea, Using Multi-Beam Echo Sounder and Shipborne Mobile Light Detection and Ranging System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Won%20Hyuck%20Kim">Won Hyuck Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chang%20Hwan%20Kim"> Chang Hwan Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun%20Wook%20Kim"> Hyun Wook Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myoung%20Hoon%20Lee"> Myoung Hoon Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chan%20Hong%20Park"> Chan Hong Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyeon%20Yeong%20Park"> Hyeon Yeong Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We conducted submarine topography & beach survey from December 2015 and January 2016 using multi-beam echo sounder EM3001(Kongsberg corporation) & Shipborne Mobile LiDAR System. Our survey area were the Anmok beach in Gangneung, South Korea. We made Shipborne Mobile LiDAR System for these survey. Shipborne Mobile LiDAR System includes LiDAR (RIEGL LMS-420i), IMU ((Inertial Measurement Unit, MAGUS Inertial+) and RTKGNSS (Real Time Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System, LEIAC GS 15 GS25) for beach's measurement, LiDAR's motion compensation & precise position. Shipborne Mobile LiDAR System scans beach on the movable vessel using the laser. We mounted Shipborne Mobile LiDAR System on the top of the vessel. Before beach survey, we conducted eight circles IMU calibration survey for stabilizing heading of IMU. This exploration should be as close as possible to the beach. But our vessel could not come closer to the beach because of latency objects in the water. At the same time, we conduct submarine topography survey using multi-beam echo sounder EM3001. A multi-beam echo sounder is a device observing and recording the submarine topography using sound wave. We mounted multi-beam echo sounder on left side of the vessel. We were equipped with a motion sensor, DGNSS (Differential Global Navigation Satellite System), and SV (Sound velocity) sensor for the vessel's motion compensation, vessel's position, and the velocity of sound of seawater. Shipborne Mobile LiDAR System was able to reduce the consuming time of beach survey rather than previous conventional methods of beach survey. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anmok" title="Anmok">Anmok</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beach%20survey" title=" beach survey"> beach survey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shipborne%20Mobile%20LiDAR%20System" title=" Shipborne Mobile LiDAR System"> Shipborne Mobile LiDAR System</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=submarine%20topography" title=" submarine topography"> submarine topography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65092/submarine-topography-and-beach-survey-of-gang-neung-port-in-south-korea-using-multi-beam-echo-sounder-and-shipborne-mobile-light-detection-and-ranging-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65092.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">429</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14984</span> An Investigation of Surface Texturing by Ultrasonic Impingement of Micro-Particles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nagalingam%20Arun%20Prasanth">Nagalingam Arun Prasanth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Syed%20Adnan"> Ahmed Syed Adnan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20H.%20Yeo"> S. H. Yeo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Surface topography plays a significant role in the functional performance of engineered parts. It is important to have a control on the surface geometry and understanding on the surface details to get the desired performance. Hence, in the current research contribution, a non-contact micro-texturing technique has been explored and developed. The technique involves ultrasonic excitation of a tool as a prime source of surface texturing for aluminum alloy workpieces. The specimen surface is polished first and is then immersed in a liquid bath containing 10% weight concentration of Ti6Al4V grade 5 spherical powders. A submerged slurry jet is used to recirculate the spherical powders under the ultrasonic horn which is excited at an ultrasonic frequency and amplitude of 40 kHz and 70 µm respectively. The distance between the horn and workpiece surface was remained fixed at 200 µm using a precision control stage. Texturing effects were investigated for different process timings of 1, 3 and 5 s. Thereafter, the specimens were cleaned in an ultrasonic bath for 5 mins to remove loose debris on the surface. The developed surfaces are characterized by optical and contact surface profiler. The optical microscopic images show a texture of circular spots on the workpiece surface indented by titanium spherical balls. Waviness patterns obtained from contact surface profiler supports the texturing effect produced from the proposed technique. Furthermore, water droplet tests were performed to show the efficacy of the proposed technique to develop hydrophilic surfaces and to quantify the texturing effect produced. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20texturing" title="surface texturing">surface texturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20modification" title=" surface modification"> surface modification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topography" title=" topography"> topography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonic" title=" ultrasonic"> ultrasonic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74468/an-investigation-of-surface-texturing-by-ultrasonic-impingement-of-micro-particles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74468.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">221</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14983</span> Mimicking of Various ECM Tangible Cues for the Manipulation of Hepatocellular Behaviours</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Abdellatef">S. A. Abdellatef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Taniguchi"> A. Taniguchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Namiki"> Namiki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsukuba"> Tsukuba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibaraki"> Ibaraki </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The alterations in the physicochemical characteristics of bio-materials are renowned for their impact in cellular behaviors. Surface chemistry and substratum topography are separately considered as mutable characteristics with deep impact on the overall cell behaviors. In our recent work, we examined the manipulation of the physical cues on hepatic cellular behaviors. We have proven that the geometrical or dimensional characteristics of nano features are essential for the optimum hepatocellular functions. While here, the collective impact of both physical and chemical cues on hepatocellular behaviors was investigated. On which RGD peptide was immobilized on a TiO2 nano pattern that imitates the hierarchically extend collagen nano fibrillar structures. The hepatocytes morphological and functional changes induced by simultaneously combining the diversified cues were investigated. TiO2 substrates that integrate nano topography with the adhesive peptide motif (RGD) had showed an increase in the hepatocellular functionality to the maximum extent. While a significant enhancement in expression of these liver specific markers on RGD coated surfaces were observed compared to uncoated substrates regardless of topography. Consequently in depth understanding of the relationship between various kind of cues and hepatocytes behaviors would be a paving step in the application of tissue engineering and bio reactor technology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomaterial" title="biomaterial">biomaterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tiO2" title=" tiO2"> tiO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepG2" title=" hepG2"> hepG2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RGD" title=" RGD"> RGD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16029/mimicking-of-various-ecm-tangible-cues-for-the-manipulation-of-hepatocellular-behaviours" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16029.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">393</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14982</span> An Optimal Control Method for Reconstruction of Topography in Dam-Break Flows</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alia%20Alghosoun">Alia Alghosoun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nabil%20El%20Mo%C3%A7ayd"> Nabil El Mo莽ayd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Seaid"> Mohammed Seaid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Modeling dam-break flows over non-flat beds requires an accurate representation of the topography which is the main source of uncertainty in the model. Therefore, developing robust and accurate techniques for reconstructing topography in this class of problems would reduce the uncertainty in the flow system. In many hydraulic applications, experimental techniques have been widely used to measure the bed topography. In practice, experimental work in hydraulics may be very demanding in both time and cost. Meanwhile, computational hydraulics have served as an alternative for laboratory and field experiments. Unlike the forward problem, the inverse problem is used to identify the bed parameters from the given experimental data. In this case, the shallow water equations used for modeling the hydraulics need to be rearranged in a way that the model parameters can be evaluated from measured data. However, this approach is not always possible and it suffers from stability restrictions. In the present work, we propose an adaptive optimal control technique to numerically identify the underlying bed topography from a given set of free-surface observation data. In this approach, a minimization function is defined to iteratively determine the model parameters. The proposed technique can be interpreted as a fractional-stage scheme. In the first stage, the forward problem is solved to determine the measurable parameters from known data. In the second stage, the adaptive control Ensemble Kalman Filter is implemented to combine the optimality of observation data in order to obtain the accurate estimation of the topography. The main features of this method are on one hand, the ability to solve for different complex geometries with no need for any rearrangements in the original model to rewrite it in an explicit form. On the other hand, its achievement of strong stability for simulations of flows in different regimes containing shocks or discontinuities over any geometry. Numerical results are presented for a dam-break flow problem over non-flat bed using different solvers for the shallow water equations. The robustness of the proposed method is investigated using different numbers of loops, sensitivity parameters, initial samples and location of observations. The obtained results demonstrate high reliability and accuracy of the proposed techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erodible%20beds" title="erodible beds">erodible beds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title=" finite element method"> finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20volume%20method" title=" finite volume method"> finite volume method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20elasticity" title=" nonlinear elasticity"> nonlinear elasticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shallow%20water%20equations" title=" shallow water equations"> shallow water equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stresses%20in%20soil" title=" stresses in soil "> stresses in soil </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116853/an-optimal-control-method-for-reconstruction-of-topography-in-dam-break-flows" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116853.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14981</span> The Effect of Micro/Nano Structure of Poly (蔚-caprolactone) (PCL) Film Using a Two-Step Process (Casting/Plasma) on Cellular Responses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=JaeYoon%20Lee">JaeYoon Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gi-Hoon%20Yang"> Gi-Hoon Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=JongHan%20Ha"> JongHan Ha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MyungGu%20Yeo"> MyungGu Yeo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SeungHyun%20Ahn"> SeungHyun Ahn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyeongjin%20Lee"> Hyeongjin Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HoJun%20Jeon"> HoJun Jeon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=YongBok%20Kim"> YongBok Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minseong%20Kim"> Minseong Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GeunHyung%20Kim"> GeunHyung Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the important factors in tissue engineering is to design optimal biomedical scaffolds, which can be governed by topographical surface characteristics, such as size, shape, and direction. Of these properties, we focused on the effects of nano- to micro-sized hierarchical surface. To fabricate the hierarchical surface structure on poly(蔚-caprolactone) (PCL) film, we employed a micro-casting technique by pressing the mold and nano-etching technique using a modified plasma process. The micro-sized topography of PCL film was controlled by sizes of the micro structures on lotus leaf. Also, the nano-sized topography and hydrophilicity of PCL film were controlled by a modified plasma process. After the plasma treatment, the hydrophobic property of the PCL film was significantly changed into hydrophilic property, and the nano-sized structure was well developed. The surface properties of the modified PCL film were investigated in terms of initial cell morphology, attachment, and proliferation using osteoblast-like-cells (MG63). In particular, initial cell attachment, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in the hierarchical structure were enhanced dramatically compared to those of the smooth surface. We believe that these results are because of a synergistic effect between the hierarchical structure and the reactive functional groups due to the plasma process. Based on the results presented here, we propose a new biomimetic surface model that maybe useful for effectively regenerating hard tissues. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hierarchical%20surface" title="hierarchical surface">hierarchical surface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lotus%20leaf" title=" lotus leaf"> lotus leaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-etching" title=" nano-etching"> nano-etching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20treatment" title=" plasma treatment"> plasma treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40656/the-effect-of-micronano-structure-of-poly-e-caprolactone-pcl-film-using-a-two-step-process-castingplasma-on-cellular-responses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40656.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14980</span> Modeling and Simulation of Pad Surface Topography by Diamond Dressing in Chemical-Mechanical Polishing Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.Chen%20Chao-Chang">A.Chen Chao-Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phong%20Pham-Quoc"> Phong Pham-Quoc</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) process has been widely applied on fabricating integrated circuits (IC) with a soft polishing pad combined with slurry composed of micron or nano-scaled abrasives for generating chemical reaction to remove substrate or film materials from wafer. During CMP process, pad uniformity usually works as a datum surface of wafer planarization and pad asperities can dominate the microscopic pad-slurry-wafer interaction. However, pad topography can be changed by related mechanism factors of CMP and it needs to be re-conditioned or dressed by a diamond dresser of well-distributed diamond grits on a disc surface. It is still very complicated to analyze and understand kinematic of diamond dressing process under the effects of input variables including oscillatory of diamond dresser and rotation speed ratio between the pad and the diamond dresser. This paper has developed a generic geometric model to clarify the kinematic modeling of diamond dressing processes such as dresser/pad motion, pad cutting locus, the relative velocity of the diamond abrasive grits on pad surface, and overlap of cutting for prediction of pad surface topography. Simulation results focus on comparing and analysis kinematics of the diamond dressing on certain CMP tools. Results have shown the significant parameters for diamond dressing process and also discussed. Future study can apply on diamond dresser design and experimental verification of pad dressing process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinematic%20modeling" title="kinematic modeling">kinematic modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diamond%20dresser" title=" diamond dresser"> diamond dresser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pad%20cutting%20locus" title=" pad cutting locus"> pad cutting locus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CMP" title=" CMP"> CMP</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50957/modeling-and-simulation-of-pad-surface-topography-by-diamond-dressing-in-chemical-mechanical-polishing-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50957.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14979</span> Immediate Geometric Solution of Irregular Quadrilaterals: A Digital Tool Applied to Topography</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miguel%20Mariano%20Rivera%20Galvan">Miguel Mariano Rivera Galvan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this research was to create a digital tool by which users can obtain an immediate and accurate solution of the angular characteristics of an irregular quadrilateral. The development of this project arose because of the frequent absence of a polygon鈥檚 geometric information in land ownership accreditation documents. The researcher created a mathematical model using a linear approximation iterative method, employing various disciplines and techniques including trigonometry, geometry, algebra, and topography. This mathematical model uses as input data the surface of the quadrilateral, as well as the length of its sides, to obtain its interior angles and make possible its representation in a coordinate system. The results are as accurate and reliable as the user requires, offering the possibility of using this tool as a support to develop future engineering and architecture projects quickly and reliably. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20tool" title="digital tool">digital tool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geometry" title=" geometry"> geometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20model" title=" mathematical model"> mathematical model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quadrilateral" title=" quadrilateral"> quadrilateral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solution" title=" solution"> solution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125087/immediate-geometric-solution-of-irregular-quadrilaterals-a-digital-tool-applied-to-topography" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125087.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14978</span> Comparison of Corneal Curvature Measurements Conducted with Tomey AO-2000庐 and the Current Standard Biometer IOL Master庐</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Radzi%20Hilmi">Mohd Radzi Hilmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khairidzan%20Mohd%20Kamal"> Khairidzan Mohd Kamal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Che%20Azemin%20Mohd%20Zulfaezal"> Che Azemin Mohd Zulfaezal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ariffin%20Azrin%20Esmady"> Ariffin Azrin Esmady</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: Corneal curvature (CC) is an important anterior segment parameter. This study compared CC measurements conducted with two optical devices in phakic eyes. Methods: Sixty phakic eyes of 30 patients were enrolled in this study. CC was measured three times with the optical biometer and topography-keratometer Tomey AO-2000 (Tomey Corporation, Nagoya, Japan), then with the standard partial optical coherence interferometry (PCI) IOL Master (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) and data were statistically analysed. Results: The measurements resulted in a mean CC of 43.86 卤 1.57 D with Tomey AO-2000 and 43.84 卤 1.55 D with IOL Master. Distribution of data is normal, and no significance difference in CC values was detected (P = 0.952) between the two devices. Correlation between CC measurements was highly significant (r = 0. 99; P < 0.0001). The mean difference of CC values between devices was 0.017 D and 95% limit of agreement was -0.088 to 0.12. Duration taken for measurements with the standard biometer IOL Master was longer (55.17 卤 2.24 seconds) than with Tomey AO-2000 (39.88 卤 2.38 seconds) in automatic mode. Duration of manual measurement with Tomey AO-2000 in manual mode was the shortest (28.57 卤 2.71 seconds). Conclusion: In phakic eyes, CC measured with Tomey AO-2000 and IOL Master showed similar values, and high correlation was observed between these two devices. This shows that both devices can be used interchangeably. Tomey AO-2000 is better in terms of faster to operate and has its own topography systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corneal%20topography" title="corneal topography">corneal topography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corneal%20curvature" title=" corneal curvature"> corneal curvature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IOL%20Master" title=" IOL Master"> IOL Master</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomey%20AO2000" title=" Tomey AO2000 "> Tomey AO2000 </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38452/comparison-of-corneal-curvature-measurements-conducted-with-tomey-ao-2000-and-the-current-standard-biometer-iol-master" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38452.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14977</span> Studies on Race Car Aerodynamics at Wing in Ground Effect</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dharni%20Vasudhevan%20Venkatesan">Dharni Vasudhevan Venkatesan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20E.%20Shanjay"> K. E. Shanjay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Sujith%20Kumar"> H. Sujith Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20A.%20Abhilash"> N. A. Abhilash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Aswin%20Ram"> D. Aswin Ram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20R.%20Sanal%20Kumar"> V. R. Sanal Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Numerical studies on race car aerodynamics at wing in ground effect have been carried out using a steady 3d, double precision, pressure-based, and standard k-epsilon turbulence model. Through various parametric analytical studies we have observed that at a particular speed and ground clearance of the wings a favorable negative lift was found high at a particular angle of attack for all the physical models considered in this paper. The fact is that if the ground clearance height to chord length (h/c) is too small, the developing boundary layers from either side (the ground and the lower surface of the wing) can interact, leading to an altered variation of the aerodynamic characteristics at wing in ground effect. Therefore a suitable ground clearance must be predicted throughout the racing for a better performance of the race car, which obviously depends upon the coupled effects of the topography, wing orientation with respect to the ground, the incoming flow features and/or the race car speed. We have concluded that for the design of high performance and high speed race cars the adjustable wings capable to alter the ground clearance and the angles of attack is the best design option for any race car for racing safely with variable speeds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20aerodynamics" title="external aerodynamics">external aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20flow%20choking" title=" external flow choking"> external flow choking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=race%20car%20aerodynamics" title=" race car aerodynamics"> race car aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wing%20in%20ground%20effect" title=" wing in ground effect"> wing in ground effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12103/studies-on-race-car-aerodynamics-at-wing-in-ground-effect" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12103.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14976</span> The Discussion on the Composition of Feng Shui by the Environmental Planning Viewpoint</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jhuang%20Jin-Jhong">Jhuang Jin-Jhong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hsieh%20Wei-Fan"> Hsieh Wei-Fan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Climate change causes natural disasters persistently. Therefore, nowadays environmental planning objective tends to the issues of respecting nature and coexisting with nature. As a result, the natural environment analysis, e.g., the analysis of topography, soil, hydrology, climate, vegetation, is highly emphasized. On the other hand, Feng Shui has been a criterion of site selection for residence in Eastern since the ancient times and has had farther influence on site selection for castles and even for temples and tombs. The primary criterion of site selection is judging the quality of Long: mountain range, Sha: nearby mountains, Shui: hydrology, Xue: foundation, Xiang: aspect, which are similar to the environmental variables of mountain range, topography, hydrology and aspect. For the reason, a lot researchers attempt to probe into the connection between the criterion of Feng Shui and environmental planning factors. Most researches only discussed with the composition and theory of space of Feng Shui, but there is no research which explained Feng Shui through the environmental field. Consequently, this study reviewed the theory of Feng Shui through the environmental planning viewpoint and assembled essential composition factors of Feng Shui. The results of this study point. From literature review and comparison of theoretical meanings, we find that the ideal principles for planning the Feng Shui environment can also be used for environmental planning. Therefore, this article uses 12 ideal environmental features used in Feng Shui to contrast the natural aspects of the environment and make comparisons with previous research and classifies the environmental factors into climate, topography, hydrology, vegetation, and soil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20composition%20of%20Feng%20Shui" title="the composition of Feng Shui">the composition of Feng Shui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20planning" title=" environmental planning"> environmental planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=site%20selection" title=" site selection"> site selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=main%20components%20of%20the%20Feng%20Shui%20environment" title=" main components of the Feng Shui environment"> main components of the Feng Shui environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20624/the-discussion-on-the-composition-of-feng-shui-by-the-environmental-planning-viewpoint" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20624.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">509</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14975</span> Mnemotopic Perspectives: Communication Design as Stabilizer for the Memory of Places </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Galasso">C. Galasso</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ancestral relationship between humans and geographical environment has long been at the center of an interdisciplinary dialogue, which sees one of its main research nodes in the relationship between memory and places. Given its deep complexity, this symbiotic connection continues to look for a proper definition that appears increasingly negotiated by different disciplines. Numerous fields of knowledge are involved, from anthropology to semiotics of space, from photography to architecture, up to subjects traditionally far from these reasonings. This is the case of Design of Communication, a young discipline, now confident in itself and its objectives, aimed at finding and investigating original forms of visualization and representation, between sedimented knowledge and new technologies. In particular, Design of Communication for the Territory offers an alternative perspective to the debate, encouraging the reactivation and reconstruction of the memory of places. Recognizing <em>mnemotopes</em> as a cultural object of vertical interpretation of the memory-place relationship, design can become a real mediator of the territorial fixation of memories, making them increasingly accessible and perceptible, contributing to build a topography of memory. According to a mnemotopic vision, Communication Design can support the passage from a memory in which the observer participates only as an individual to a collective form of memory. A mnemotopic form of Communication Design can, through geolocation and content map-based systems, make chronology a topography rooted in the territory and practicable; it can be useful to understand how the perception of the memory of places changes over time, considering how to insert them in the contemporary world. <em>Mnemotopes</em> can be materialized in different format of translation, editing and narration and then involved in complex systems of communication. The memory of places, therefore, if stabilized by the tools offered by Communication Design, can make visible ruins and territorial stratifications, illuminating them with new communicative interests that can be shared and participated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memory%20of%20places" title="memory of places">memory of places</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20of%20communication" title=" design of communication"> design of communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=territory" title=" territory"> territory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mnemotope" title=" mnemotope"> mnemotope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topography%20of%20memory" title=" topography of memory"> topography of memory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132198/mnemotopic-perspectives-communication-design-as-stabilizer-for-the-memory-of-places" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132198.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14974</span> Quantification of Effects of Shape of Basement Topography below the Circular Basin on the Ground Motion Characteristics and Engineering Implications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamal">Kamal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dinesh%20Kumar"> Dinesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20P.%20Narayan"> J. P. Narayan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Komal%20Rani"> Komal Rani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the effects of shape of basement topography on the characteristics of the basin-generated surface (BGS) waves and associated average spectral amplification (ASA) in the 3D basins having circular surface area. Seismic responses were computed using a recently developed 3D fourth-order spatial accurate time-domain finite-difference (FD) algorithm based on parsimonious staggered-grid approximation of 3D viscoelastic wave equations. An increase of amplitude amplification and ASA towards the centre of different considered basins was obtained. Further, it may be concluded that ASA in basin very much depends on the impedance contrast, exposure area of basement to the incident wave front, edge-slope, focusing of the BGS-waves and sediment-damping. There is an urgent need of incorporation of a map of differential ground motion (DGM) caused by the BGS-waves as one of the output maps of the seismic microzonation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20viscoelastic%20simulation" title="3D viscoelastic simulation">3D viscoelastic simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basin-generated%20surface%20waves" title=" basin-generated surface waves"> basin-generated surface waves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20displacement" title=" maximum displacement"> maximum displacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=average%20spectral%20amplification" title=" average spectral amplification"> average spectral amplification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70070/quantification-of-effects-of-shape-of-basement-topography-below-the-circular-basin-on-the-ground-motion-characteristics-and-engineering-implications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70070.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14973</span> Assessment of Dimensions and Gully Recovery With GPS Receiver and RPA (Drone)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariana%20Roberta%20Ribeiro">Mariana Roberta Ribeiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isabela%20de%20C%C3%A1ssia%20Caramello"> Isabela de C谩ssia Caramello</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roberto%20Saverio%20Souza%20Costa"> Roberto Saverio Souza Costa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently, one of the most important environmental problems is soil degradation. This wear is the result of inadequate agricultural practices, with water erosion as the main agent. As the runoff water is concentrated in certain points, it can reach a more advanced stage, which are the gullies. In view of this, the objective of this work was to evaluate which methodology is most suitable for the purpose of elaborating a project for the recovery of a gully, relating work time, data reliability, and the final cost. The work was carried out on a rural road in Monte Alto - SP, where there is 0.30 hectares of area under the influence of a gully. For the evaluation, an aerophotogrammetric survey was used with RPA, with georeferenced points, and with a GNSS L1/L2 receiver. To assess the importance of georeferenced points, there was a comparison of altimetric data using the support points with altimetric data using only the aircraft's internal GPS. Another method used was the survey by conventional topography, where coordinates were collected by total station and L1/L2 Geodetic GPS receiver. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the F test (p<0.05), and the means between treatments were compared using the Tukey test (p<0.05). The results showed that the surveys carried out by aerial photogrammetry and by conventional topography showed no significant difference for the analyzed parameters. Considering the data presented, it is possible to conclude that, when comparing the parameters of accuracy, the final volume of the gully, and cost, for the purpose of elaborating a project for the recovery of a gully, the methodologies of aerial photogrammetric survey and conventional topography do not differ significantly. However, when working time, use of labor, and project detail are compared, the aerial photogrammetric survey proves to be more viable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drones" title="drones">drones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erosion" title=" erosion"> erosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20conservation" title=" soil conservation"> soil conservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology%20in%20agriculture" title=" technology in agriculture"> technology in agriculture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152487/assessment-of-dimensions-and-gully-recovery-with-gps-receiver-and-rpa-drone" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152487.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14972</span> The Multiaxial Load Proportionality Effect on the Fracture Surface Topography of Forged Magnesium Alloys</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Grygu%C4%87">Andrew Grygu膰</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Behzad%20Behravesh"> Seyed Behzad Behravesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Jahed"> Hamid Jahed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mary%20Wells"> Mary Wells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wojciech%20Macek"> Wojciech Macek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bruce%20Williams"> Bruce Williams</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This extended abstract investigates the influence of the multiaxial loading on the fatigue behavior of forged magnesium through quantitative analysis of its fracture surface topography and mesoscopic cracking orientation. Fatigue tests were performed on hollow tubular sample geometries extracted from closed-die forged AZ80 Mg components, with three different multiaxial strain paths (axial/shear), proportional, 45掳 out of phase, and 90掳 out of phase. Regardless of the strain path, fatigue cracks are initiated at the outer surface of the specimen where the combined stress state is largest. Depending on the salient mode of deformation, distinctive features in the fracture surface manifested themselves with different topographic amplitudes, surface roughness, and mesoscopic cracking orientation in the vicinity of the initiation site. The dominant crack propagation path was in the circumferential direction of the hollow tubular specimen (i.e., cracking transverse to the sample axis, with little to no branching), which is congruent with previous findings of low to moderate shear strain energy density (SED) multiaxial loading. For proportional loading, the initiation zone surface morphology was largely flat and striated, whereas, at phase angles of 45掳 and 90掳, the initiation surface became more faceted and inclined. Overall, both a qualitative and quantitative link was developed between the fracture surface morphology and the level of non-proportionality in the loading providing useful insight into the fracture mechanics of forged magnesium as a relevant focus for future study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue" title="fatigue">fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fracture" title=" fracture"> fracture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnesium" title=" magnesium"> magnesium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forging" title=" forging"> forging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractography" title=" fractography"> fractography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anisotropy" title=" anisotropy"> anisotropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strain%20energy%20density" title=" strain energy density"> strain energy density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymmetry" title=" asymmetry"> asymmetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiaxial%20fatigue" title=" multiaxial fatigue"> multiaxial fatigue</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162670/the-multiaxial-load-proportionality-effect-on-the-fracture-surface-topography-of-forged-magnesium-alloys" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162670.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14971</span> Estimates of Freshwater Content from ICESat-2 Derived Dynamic Ocean Topography</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adan%20Valdez">Adan Valdez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shawn%20Gallaher"> Shawn Gallaher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Morison"> James Morison</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jordan%20Aragon"> Jordan Aragon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Global climate change has impacted atmospheric temperatures contributing to rising sea levels, decreasing sea ice, and increased freshening of high latitude oceans. This freshening has contributed to increased stratification inhibiting local mixing and nutrient transport and modifying regional circulations in polar oceans. In recent years, the Western Arctic has seen an increase in freshwater volume at an average rate of 397+-116 km3/year. The majority of the freshwater volume resides in the Beaufort Gyre surface lens driven by anticyclonic wind forcing, sea ice melt, and Arctic river runoff. The total climatological freshwater content is typically defined as water fresher than 34.8. The near-isothermal nature of Arctic seawater and non-linearities in the equation of state for near-freezing waters result in a salinity driven pycnocline as opposed to the temperature driven density structure seen in the lower latitudes. In this study, we investigate the relationship between freshwater content and remotely sensed dynamic ocean topography (DOT). In-situ measurements of freshwater content are useful in providing information on the freshening rate of the Beaufort Gyre; however, their collection is costly and time consuming. NASA鈥檚 Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) derived dynamic ocean topography (DOT), and Air Expendable CTD (AXCTD) derived Freshwater Content are used to develop a linear regression model. In-situ data for the regression model is collected across the 150掳 West meridian, which typically defines the centerline of the Beaufort Gyre. Two freshwater content models are determined by integrating the freshwater volume between the surface and an isopycnal corresponding to reference salinities of 28.7 and 34.8. These salinities correspond to those of the winter pycnocline and total climatological freshwater content, respectively. Using each model, we determine the strength of the linear relationship between freshwater content and satellite derived DOT. The result of this modeling study could provide a future predictive capability of freshwater volume changes in the Beaufort-Chukchi Sea using non in-situ methods. Successful employment of the ICESat-2鈥檚 DOT approximation of freshwater content could potentially reduce reliance on field deployment platforms to characterize physical ocean properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICESat-2" title="ICESat-2">ICESat-2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20ocean%20topography" title=" dynamic ocean topography"> dynamic ocean topography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freshwater%20content" title=" freshwater content"> freshwater content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beaufort%20gyre" title=" beaufort gyre"> beaufort gyre</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167144/estimates-of-freshwater-content-from-icesat-2-derived-dynamic-ocean-topography" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167144.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14970</span> Effect of Chemical Additive on Fixed Abrasive Polishing of LBO Crystal with Non-Water Based Slurry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Li">Jun Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenze%20Wang"> Wenze Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhanggui%20Hu"> Zhanggui Hu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yongwei%20Zhu"> Yongwei Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dunwen%20Zuo"> Dunwen Zuo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Non-water based fixed abrasive polishing was adopted to manufacture LBO crystal for nano precision surface quality because of its deliquescent. Ethyl alcohol was selected as the non-water based slurry solvent and ethanediamine, lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide were add in the slurry as a chemical additive, respectively. Effect of different additives with non-water based slurry on material removal rate, surface topography, microscopic appearances and surface roughness were investigated in fixed abrasive polishing of LBO crystal. The results show the best surface quality of LBO crystal with surface roughness Sa 8.2 nm and small damages was obtained by non-water based slurry with lactic acid. Non-water based fixed abrasive polishing can achieve nano precision surface quality of LBO crystal with high material removal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-water%20based%20slurry" title="non-water based slurry">non-water based slurry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LBO%20crystal" title=" LBO crystal"> LBO crystal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixed%20abrasive%20polishing" title=" fixed abrasive polishing"> fixed abrasive polishing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20roughness" title=" surface roughness"> surface roughness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20129/effect-of-chemical-additive-on-fixed-abrasive-polishing-of-lbo-crystal-with-non-water-based-slurry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20129.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">473</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14969</span> A Study of ZY3 Satellite Digital Elevation Model Verification and Refinement with Shuttle Radar Topography Mission</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bo%20Wang">Bo Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As the first high-resolution civil optical satellite, ZY-3 satellite is able to obtain high-resolution multi-view images with three linear array sensors. The images can be used to generate Digital Elevation Models (DEM) through dense matching of stereo images. However, due to the clouds, forest, water and buildings covered on the images, there are some problems in the dense matching results such as outliers and areas failed to be matched (matching holes). This paper introduced an algorithm to verify the accuracy of DEM that generated by ZY-3 satellite with Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). Since the accuracy of SRTM (Internal accuracy: 5 m; External accuracy: 15 m) is relatively uniform in the worldwide, it may be used to improve the accuracy of ZY-3 DEM. Based on the analysis of mass DEM and SRTM data, the processing can be divided into two aspects. The registration of ZY-3 DEM and SRTM can be firstly performed using the conjugate line features and area features matched between these two datasets. Then the ZY-3 DEM can be refined by eliminating the matching outliers and filling the matching holes. The matching outliers can be eliminated based on the statistics on Local Vector Binning (LVB). The matching holes can be filled by the elevation interpolated from SRTM. Some works are also conducted for the accuracy statistics of the ZY-3 DEM. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZY-3%20satellite%20imagery" title="ZY-3 satellite imagery">ZY-3 satellite imagery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DEM" title=" DEM"> DEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SRTM" title=" SRTM"> SRTM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refinement" title=" refinement"> refinement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76112/a-study-of-zy3-satellite-digital-elevation-model-verification-and-refinement-with-shuttle-radar-topography-mission" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76112.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge 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