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id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terbaru" title="Daftar perubahan terbaru dalam wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pencarian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class=""><span>Menyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Iran" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Iran" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Iran" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Iran" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Sejarah</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sejarah_awal,_Kekaisaran_Media_dan_Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah_(3200_SM_–_330_SM)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah_awal,_Kekaisaran_Media_dan_Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah_(3200_SM_–_330_SM)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Sejarah awal, Kekaisaran Media dan Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah (3200 SM – 330 SM)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah_awal,_Kekaisaran_Media_dan_Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah_(3200_SM_–_330_SM)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kekaisaran_Iran_Ketiga:_Kekaisaran_Parthia_(248_SM_–_224_M)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kekaisaran_Iran_Ketiga:_Kekaisaran_Parthia_(248_SM_–_224_M)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Kekaisaran Iran Ketiga: Kekaisaran Parthia (248 SM – 224 M)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kekaisaran_Iran_Ketiga:_Kekaisaran_Parthia_(248_SM_–_224_M)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kekaisaran_Iran_Keempat:_Kekaisaran_Sassania_(226–651)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kekaisaran_Iran_Keempat:_Kekaisaran_Sassania_(226–651)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Kekaisaran Iran Keempat: Kekaisaran Sassania (226–651)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kekaisaran_Iran_Keempat:_Kekaisaran_Sassania_(226–651)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam_Persia_dan_Zaman_Kegemilangan_Islam_Persia_(700–1400)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam_Persia_dan_Zaman_Kegemilangan_Islam_Persia_(700–1400)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Islam Persia dan Zaman Kegemilangan Islam Persia (700–1400)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam_Persia_dan_Zaman_Kegemilangan_Islam_Persia_(700–1400)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam_Syi'ah,_Kekaisaran_Safawi,_Dinasti_Qajar/Pahlavi_dan_Iran_Modern_(1501_–_1979)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam_Syi'ah,_Kekaisaran_Safawi,_Dinasti_Qajar/Pahlavi_dan_Iran_Modern_(1501_–_1979)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Islam Syi'ah, Kekaisaran Safawi, Dinasti Qajar/Pahlavi dan Iran Modern (1501 – 1979)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam_Syi'ah,_Kekaisaran_Safawi,_Dinasti_Qajar/Pahlavi_dan_Iran_Modern_(1501_–_1979)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revolusi_Islam_dan_Perang_Iran-Irak_(1979-88)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revolusi_Islam_dan_Perang_Iran-Irak_(1979-88)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Revolusi Islam dan Perang Iran-Irak (1979-88)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revolusi_Islam_dan_Perang_Iran-Irak_(1979-88)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geografi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Geografi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Iklim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iklim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Iklim</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iklim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Politik</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politik-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Politik</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pemerintahan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pemerintahan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Pemerintahan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pemerintahan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pemimpin_Agung" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pemimpin_Agung"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Pemimpin Agung</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pemimpin_Agung-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksekutif" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksekutif"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Eksekutif</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksekutif-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Majelis_Wali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Majelis_Wali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Majelis Wali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Majelis_Wali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Majelis_Kebijaksanaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Majelis_Kebijaksanaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.4</span> <span>Majelis Kebijaksanaan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Majelis_Kebijaksanaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parlemen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parlemen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.5</span> <span>Parlemen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parlemen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kehakiman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kehakiman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.6</span> <span>Kehakiman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kehakiman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Majelis_Ahli" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Majelis_Ahli"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.7</span> <span>Majelis Ahli</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Majelis_Ahli-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dewan_Kota_Setempat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dewan_Kota_Setempat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.8</span> <span>Dewan Kota Setempat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dewan_Kota_Setempat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pembagian_administratif" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pembagian_administratif"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Pembagian administratif</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pembagian_administratif-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Militer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Militer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Militer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Militer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ekonomi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ekonomi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Ekonomi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ekonomi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Komunikasi_dan_pengangkutan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Komunikasi_dan_pengangkutan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Komunikasi dan pengangkutan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Komunikasi_dan_pengangkutan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demografi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Demografi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bahasa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bahasa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Bahasa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bahasa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kelompok_etnis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kelompok_etnis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Kelompok etnis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kelompok_etnis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Agama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kota-kota_utama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kota-kota_utama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Kota-kota utama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kota-kota_utama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Budaya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Budaya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Budaya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Budaya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Iran</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 287 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-287" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">287 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%82%D3%99%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Џьамтәыла – Abkhaz" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Џьамтәыла" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhaz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Aceh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Aceh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Adygei" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adygei" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%8B%E1%88%AD%E1%88%B5" title="ፋርስ – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፋርስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A1n" title="Irán – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Irán" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persealand" title="Persealand – Inggris Kuno" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Persealand" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Inggris Kuno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="ईरान – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="ईरान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="إيران – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيران" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%9D%DC%AA%DC%90%DC%A2" title="ܐܝܪܐܢ – Aram" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܝܪܐܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aram" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="إيران – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="إيران" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ايران – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايران" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="ইৰান – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ইৰান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A1n" title="Irán – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Irán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irana" title="Irana – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Irana" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="इरान – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="इरान" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ran" title="İran – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İran" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ایران – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایران" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Bavaria" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irans" title="Irans – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Irans" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Іран – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іран" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Іран – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Іран" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="ईरान – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ईरान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="ইরান – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইরান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%8D" title="ཡི་ལང་། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཡི་ལང་།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="ইরান – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ইরান" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%95%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%88" title="ᨕᨗᨈ – Bugis" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨕᨗᨈ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Bugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A1n" title="Irán – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Irán" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A2%E1%8E%B4%E1%8F%82" title="ᎢᎴᏂ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎢᎴᏂ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ئێران – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئێران" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranu" title="Iranu – Korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Iranu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ran" title="İran – Tatar Krimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İran" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Tatar Krimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dr%C3%A1n" title="Írán – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Írán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Kashubia" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ran" title="İran – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İran" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Sorbia Hilir" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hilir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="इरान – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="इरान" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A9%DE%83%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%B0" title="އީރާން – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އީރާން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B1%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B" title="ཨི་རཱན་ – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཨི་རཱན་" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Ιράν – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιράν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A0n" title="Iràn – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Iràn" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irano" title="Irano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Irano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A1n" title="Irán – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Irán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraan" title="Iraan – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Iraan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A1n" title="Irán – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Irán" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ایران – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایران" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraan" title="Iraan – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Iraan" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Fiji" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraan" title="Iraan – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Iraan" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Iar%C3%A1in" title="An Iaráin – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Iaráin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ran" title="İran – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="İran" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="伊朗" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ior%C3%A0n" title="Ioràn – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ioràn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A1n" title="Irán – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Irán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ايران – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="ايران" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3" title="ईराण – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="ईराण" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD" title="𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 – Gotik" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gotik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%88%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8" title="ઈરાન – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઈરાન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Eeraan" title="Yn Eeraan – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Eeraan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBIlana" title="ʻIlana – Hawaii" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻIlana" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaii" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9F" title="איראן – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איראן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="ईरान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ईरान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Sorbia Hulu" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A1n" title="Irán – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Irán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Իրան – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իրան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Իրան – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Իրան" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="ХӀиран – Ingushetia" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="ХӀиран" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingushetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dran" title="Íran – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Íran" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3" title="イラン – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イラン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/iran" title="iran – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="iran" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ირანი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ირანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%E1%B9%9Ban" title="Iṛan – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Iṛan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B6%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Къажэрей – Kabardi" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Къажэрей" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%C9%A9" title="Iranɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Iranɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B" title="អ៊ីរ៉ង់ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អ៊ីរ៉ង់" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಇರಾನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇರಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%9E%80" title="이란 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이란" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Karachai Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachai Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%96%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ایٖران – Kashmir" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ایٖران" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Eran" title="Îran – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Îran" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irania" title="Irania – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Irania" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Lezghia" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Liguria" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liguria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A3%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99" title="ປະເທດອິຫຣ່ານ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດອິຫຣ່ານ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranas" title="Iranas – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Iranas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C4%81na" title="Irāna – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Irāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Madura" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madura" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="इरान – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="इरान" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A0na" title="Iràna – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Iràna" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%AAr%C4%81na" title="Īrāna – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Īrāna" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="ഇറാൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇറാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯏꯔꯥꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯏꯔꯥꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3" title="इराण – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इराण" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiran" title="Eiran – Miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Eiran" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="အီရန်နိုင်ငံ – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အီရန်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Иран Мастор – Eryza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Иран Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Eryza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="ایرون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ایرون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="इरान – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="इरान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="इरान – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="इरान" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%8C%DF%99%DF%8A%DF%B2%DF%AB" title="ߌߙߊ߲߫ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߌߙߊ߲߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Sotho Utara" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Sotho Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsiik%CA%BCi_D%C3%A9%C3%ADbaal%C3%AD_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Tsiikʼi Déíbaalí Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tsiikʼi Déíbaalí Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraan" title="Iraan – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Iraan" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ଇରାନ – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଇରାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Ossetia" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਈਰਾਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਈਰਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Pangasina" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraen" title="Iraen – Jerman Pennsylvania" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Iraen" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Pennsylvania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="ईरान – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="ईरान" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eraan" title="Eraan – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Eraan" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ایران – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایران" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ايران – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ايران" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A3" title="Irã – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Irã" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Reto-Roman" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Roman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irani" title="Irani – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Irani" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Aromania" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Іран – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Іран" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irani" title="Irani – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Irani" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="ईरान – Sanskerta" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="ईरान" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskerta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ираан – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ираан" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱤᱨᱟᱱ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱤᱨᱟᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ايران – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ايران" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Sami Utara" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Sami Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A2%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%80%9B%E1%81%A2%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="မိူင်းဢီႇရၢၼ်း – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းဢီႇရၢၼ်း" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="ඉරානය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඉරානය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A1n" title="Irán – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Irán" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ایران – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ایران" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Samoa" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irani" title="Irani – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Irani" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iiraan" title="Iiraan – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Iiraan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irani" title="Irani – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Irani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Irani" title="I-Irani – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="I-Irani" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Sotho Selatan" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Sotho Selatan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iroan" title="Iroan – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Iroan" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uajemi" title="Uajemi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uajemi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Silesia" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%88%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="ஈரான் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஈரான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಇರಾನ್ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಇರಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఇరాన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇరాన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraun" title="Iraun – Tetun" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Iraun" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Эрон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Эрон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ประเทศอิหร่าน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศอิหร่าน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A2%E1%88%AB%E1%8A%95" title="ኢራን – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ኢራን" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C3%BDran" title="Eýran – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Eýran" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron" title="Iron – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Iron" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBIlaani" title="ʻIlaani – Tonga" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="ʻIlaani" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ran" title="İran – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İran" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Tuvinia" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Иран" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ئىران – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىران" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Іран – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Іран" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ایران – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایران" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eron" title="Eron – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Eron" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lir%C3%A4n" title="Lirän – Volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lirän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraan" title="Iraan – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Iraan" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="伊朗" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IIran" title="IIran – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IIran" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ირანი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ირანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9F" title="איראן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="איראן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cr%C3%A1n%C3%AC" title="Ìránì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìránì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%94%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F" title="ⵉⵔⴰⵏ – Tamazight Maroko Standar" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵉⵔⴰⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Tamazight Maroko Standar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊朗" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="伊朗" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Iran" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="伊朗" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Irani" title="I-Irani – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="I-Irani" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q794#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div 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title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIran"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIran"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Iran"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a 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accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24155656">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-b{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Picto_infobox_map.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard" style="font-size:88%;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr" style="padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:1.25em;"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org country-name">Republik Islam Iran</div><br /><div style="padding-top:0.25em; font-weight:normal;">جمهوری اسلامی ايران <br /> <i>Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Iran</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Persia" title="Bahasa Persia">Persia</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;padding:0.5em 0;"><div style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; width:58%; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Flag_of_Iran_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bendera Iran"><img alt="Bendera Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Iran_2.svg/125px-Flag_of_Iran_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Iran_2.svg/188px-Flag_of_Iran_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Iran_2.svg/250px-Flag_of_Iran_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></div> <div style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Bendera_Iran" title="Bendera Iran">Bendera</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Emblem_of_Iran.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lambang Iran"><img alt="{{{coat_alt}}}" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_Iran.svg/74px-Emblem_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="74" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_Iran.svg/111px-Emblem_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_Iran.svg/148px-Emblem_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></a></span></div> <div style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Lambang_Iran" title="Lambang Iran"> Lambang</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="line-height:1.2em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Semboyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Semboyan">Semboyan</a>: </b>استقلال، آزادی، جمهوری اسلامی <br /> <i>Esteglal, Ezadi, Jomhuri-ye Eslami</i><br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Indonesia" title="Bahasa Indonesia">Indonesia</a>: "Kemerdekaan, Kebebasan, Republik Islam")</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><div style="line-height:1.2em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lagu_kebangsaan" title="Lagu kebangsaan">Lagu kebangsaan</a>: </b><br /> سرود ملی ایران <br /> <i><a href="/wiki/Lagu_kebangsaan_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lagu kebangsaan Iran">Soruud-e Melli-ye Iran</a></i> <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Indonesia" title="Bahasa Indonesia">Indonesia</a>: "Lagu Kebangsaan Iran")</span> <br /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="58" data-mwtitle="Sorud-e_Mellí-e_Yomhurí-e_Eslamí-e_Irán_(instrumental).oga" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Sorud-e_Mell%C3%AD-e_Yomhur%C3%AD-e_Eslam%C3%AD-e_Ir%C3%A1n_%28instrumental%29.oga" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f2/Sorud-e_Mell%C3%AD-e_Yomhur%C3%AD-e_Eslam%C3%AD-e_Ir%C3%A1n_%28instrumental%29.oga/Sorud-e_Mell%C3%AD-e_Yomhur%C3%AD-e_Eslam%C3%AD-e_Ir%C3%A1n_%28instrumental%29.oga.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASorud-e_Mell%C3%AD-e_Yomhur%C3%AD-e_Eslam%C3%AD-e_Ir%C3%A1n_%28instrumental%29.oga&lang=ar&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ar" label="العربية ‪(ar)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASorud-e_Mell%C3%AD-e_Yomhur%C3%AD-e_Eslam%C3%AD-e_Ir%C3%A1n_%28instrumental%29.oga&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASorud-e_Mell%C3%AD-e_Yomhur%C3%AD-e_Eslam%C3%AD-e_Ir%C3%A1n_%28instrumental%29.oga&lang=fa&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fa" label="فارسی ‪(fa)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASorud-e_Mell%C3%AD-e_Yomhur%C3%AD-e_Eslam%C3%AD-e_Ir%C3%A1n_%28instrumental%29.oga&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia ‪(id)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASorud-e_Mell%C3%AD-e_Yomhur%C3%AD-e_Eslam%C3%AD-e_Ir%C3%A1n_%28instrumental%29.oga&lang=kge&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="kge" label="Kumoring ‪(kge)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASorud-e_Mell%C3%AD-e_Yomhur%C3%AD-e_Eslam%C3%AD-e_Ir%C3%A1n_%28instrumental%29.oga&lang=ko&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ko" label="한국어 ‪(ko)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASorud-e_Mell%C3%AD-e_Yomhur%C3%AD-e_Eslam%C3%AD-e_Ir%C3%A1n_%28instrumental%29.oga&lang=ro&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ro" label="română ‪(ro)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASorud-e_Mell%C3%AD-e_Yomhur%C3%AD-e_Eslam%C3%AD-e_Ir%C3%A1n_%28instrumental%29.oga&lang=tr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tr" label="Türkçe ‪(tr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASorud-e_Mell%C3%AD-e_Yomhur%C3%AD-e_Eslam%C3%AD-e_Ir%C3%A1n_%28instrumental%29.oga&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASorud-e_Mell%C3%AD-e_Yomhur%C3%AD-e_Eslam%C3%AD-e_Ir%C3%A1n_%28instrumental%29.oga&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體） ‪(zh-hant)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Iran_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Iran_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/220px-Iran_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Iran_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/330px-Iran_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Iran_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/440px-Iran_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="553" /></a></span><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none" data-switcher-default="">Perlihatkan Bumi</span></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Flag_map_of_Iran.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flag_map_of_Iran.svg/220px-Flag_map_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flag_map_of_Iran.svg/330px-Flag_map_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flag_map_of_Iran.svg/440px-Flag_map_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="401" data-file-height="360" /></a></span><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Perlihatkan peta Bendera</span></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Iran_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_IRN_-_UNOCHA.svg&lang=id" class="mw-file-description" title="Lokasi Iran"><img alt="Lokasi Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Iran_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_IRN_-_UNOCHA.svg/langid-250px-Iran_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_IRN_-_UNOCHA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Iran_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_IRN_-_UNOCHA.svg/langid-375px-Iran_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_IRN_-_UNOCHA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Iran_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_IRN_-_UNOCHA.svg/langid-500px-Iran_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_IRN_-_UNOCHA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ibu_kota" title="Ibu kota">Ibu kota</a><br /><div style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_kota_di_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar kota di Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">(dan kota terbesar)</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tehran" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehran">Tehran</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25917590">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Iran&language=id&params=35_41_N_51_25_E_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°41′N</span> <span class="longitude">51°25′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.683°N 51.417°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.683; 51.417</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_resmi" title="Bahasa resmi">Bahasa resmi</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Persia_Iran" title="Bahasa Persia Iran">Persia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Agama" title="Agama">Agama</a> <div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"> (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>99% <a href="/wiki/Islam_di_Iran" title="Islam di Iran">Islam</a></li><li>—90% <a href="/wiki/Islam_Syiah" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam Syiah">Syiah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Agama_negara" title="Agama negara">Resmi</a>)</li><li>—9% <a href="/wiki/Islam_Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam Sunni">Sunni</a></li><li>0,4% <a href="/wiki/Baha%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Baha'i">Baha'i</a></li><li>0,1% <a href="/wiki/Kekristenan_di_Iran" title="Kekristenan di Iran">Kristen</a></li><li>0,01% <a href="/wiki/Yahudi_Iran" title="Yahudi Iran">Yudaisme</a></li><li>0,4% <a href="/wiki/Agama_di_Iran" title="Agama di Iran">Lainnya</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politik_Iran" title="Politik Iran">Pemerintahan</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Negara_kesatuan" title="Negara kesatuan">Kesatuan</a> <a href="/wiki/Republik_Islam" title="Republik Islam">islam</a> <a href="/wiki/Teokrasi" title="Teokrasi">teokratis</a> <a href="/wiki/Sistem_presidensial" title="Sistem presidensial">presidensial</a> <a href="/wiki/Republik" title="Republik">republik</a> <a href="/wiki/Konstitusional" title="Konstitusional">konstitusional</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Pemimpin_Agung_Iran" title="Pemimpin Agung Iran">Pemimpin Agung</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Presiden_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Presiden Iran">Presiden</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Masoud_Pezeshkian" title="Masoud Pezeshkian">Masoud Pezeshkian</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Wakil_Presiden" class="mw-redirect" title="Wakil Presiden">Wakil Presiden</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Aref" class="extiw" title="en:Mohammad Reza Aref">Mohammad Reza Aref</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Legislatif" title="Legislatif">Legislatif</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">مجلس شورای اسلامی</span> <br /> <i><a href="/wiki/Majelis_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Majelis Iran">Majles-e Showrā-ye Eslāmī</a></i></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">Pembentukan</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Medes" class="mw-redirect" title="Medes">Medes</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">sekitar 678 SM</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah" title="Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah">Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">550 SM</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Parthia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Parthia">Kekaisaran Parthia</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">247 SM</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Sasaniyah" title="Kekaisaran Sasaniyah">Kekaisaran Sasaniyah</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">224 M</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Safawiyah" title="Dinasti Safawiyah">Dinasti Safawiyah</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1501</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Afshariyah" title="Dinasti Afshariyah">Dinasti Afshariyah</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1736</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Zand" title="Dinasti Zand">Dinasti Zand</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1751</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Qajar" title="Dinasti Qajar">Dinasti Qajar</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1796</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Pahlavi" title="Dinasti Pahlavi">Dinasti Pahlavi</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">15 Desember 1925</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Republik_Islam" title="Republik Islam">Republik Islam</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1 April 1979</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Konstitusi saat ini </div></th><td class="infobox-data">3 Desember 1979</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Geografi_Iran" title="Geografi Iran">Luas </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1.648.195 km<sup>2</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_luas_wilayah" title="Daftar negara menurut luas wilayah">18</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - <a href="/wiki/Perairan" title="Perairan">Perairan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Persentase" title="Persentase">%</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,63</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Demografi_Iran" title="Demografi Iran">Penduduk</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - Perkiraan 2022</div></th><td class="infobox-data">86.758.304<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_jumlah_penduduk" title="Daftar negara menurut jumlah penduduk">17</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - <a href="/wiki/Kepadatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepadatan">Kepadatan</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">48/km<sup>2</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_kepadatan_penduduk" title="Daftar negara menurut kepadatan penduduk">162</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Produk_domestik_bruto" title="Produk domestik bruto">PDB</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/Keseimbangan_kemampuan_berbelanja" title="Keseimbangan kemampuan berbelanja">KKB</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2022</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kenaikan"><img alt="Kenaikan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $1,573 trilliun<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEOIR_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOIR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_PDB_(KKB)" title="Daftar negara menurut PDB (KKB)">21</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - <a href="/wiki/Per_kapita" title="Per kapita">Per kapita</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kenaikan"><img alt="Kenaikan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $18.332<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEOIR_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOIR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_PDB_(KKB)" title="Daftar negara menurut PDB (KKB)">66</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Produk_domestik_bruto" title="Produk domestik bruto">PDB</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(nominal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2022</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Penurunan"><img alt="Penurunan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $231,55 miliar<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceC_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_PDB_(nominal)" title="Daftar negara menurut PDB (nominal)">14</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - <a href="/wiki/Per_kapita" title="Per kapita">Per kapita</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Penurunan"><img alt="Penurunan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $2.757<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceC_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_PDB_(nominal)_per_kapita" title="Daftar negara menurut PDB (nominal) per kapita">78</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Koefisien_Gini" title="Koefisien Gini">Gini</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2018)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="color: red; font-size: larger;">▲</span> 42,0<sup id="cite_ref-Data.worldbank.org_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Data.worldbank.org-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:orange">sedang</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Indeks_Pembangunan_Manusia" title="Indeks Pembangunan Manusia">IPM</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2021)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Penurunan"><img alt="Penurunan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0,774<sup id="cite_ref-HDI_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDI-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:forestgreen">tinggi</span></span> · <a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_Indeks_Pembangunan_Manusia" title="Daftar negara menurut Indeks Pembangunan Manusia">76</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mata_uang" title="Mata uang">Mata uang</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rial_Iran" title="Rial Iran">Rial Iran</a> (﷼) <br />(<code><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">IRR</a></code>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Zona_waktu" title="Zona waktu">Zona waktu</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Waktu_Standar_Iran" title="Waktu Standar Iran">Waktu Standar Iran</a> (IRST)<br />(<span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Waktu_Universal_Terkoordinasi" title="Waktu Universal Terkoordinasi">UTC</a>+3:30</span>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - Musim panas (<a href="/wiki/Waktu_Musim_Panas" title="Waktu Musim Panas">DST</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Waktu_Universal_Terkoordinasi" title="Waktu Universal Terkoordinasi">UTC</a>+4:30</span> (Waktu Musim Panas Iran (IRDT))</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Arah_lalu_lintas" title="Arah lalu lintas">Lajur kemudi</a></th><td class="infobox-data">kanan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_kode_telepon_negara_di_dunia" title="Daftar kode telepon negara di dunia">Kode telepon</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%2B98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="+98 (halaman belum tersedia)">+98</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">Kode ISO 3166</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:IR" title="ISO 3166-2:IR">IR</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ranah_Internet_tingkat_teratas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranah Internet tingkat teratas">Ranah Internet</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.ir" title=".ir">.ir</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ایران. (halaman belum tersedia)">ایران.</a></td></tr><tr style="font-size:90%;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="text-align:left;margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Iran_infobox" title="Templat:Iran infobox"><span title="Lihat templat ini">lihat</span></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Iran_infobox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Iran infobox (halaman belum tersedia)"><span title="Diskusikan templat ini">bicara</span></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Iran_infobox&action=edit"><span title="Sunting templat ini">sunting</span></a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below mergedtoprow noprint"><div class="none" style="font-weight:normal;font-size:80%; line-height:normal;text-align:left;height:20px;padding-top:0.2em;;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;padding-top:0.1em"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Sunting kotak info" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Infobox_country&action=edit&section=top&editintro=Templat:Infobox/editintro2"><span style="color:#3464c9"><b>Sunting kotak info</b></span></a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Templat:Infobox_country" title="Templat:Infobox country"><span style="display:inline-text;color:#3464c9">Lihat</span></a> • <a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Infobox_country" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Infobox country"><span style="color:#3464c9">Bicara</span></a><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Infobox_country/doc" title="Bantuan penggunaan templat ini"><img alt="Info templat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/10px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/15px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/20px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Bantuan penggunaan templat ini</figcaption></figure> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Iran</b>, juga dikenal sebagai <b>Persia</b> dan secara resmi bernama <b>Republik Islam Iran</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Persia" title="Bahasa Persia">bahasa Persia</a>: <span lang="fa"><i>جمهوری اسلامی ايران</i></span> <i>Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Iran</i>), adalah sebuah negara yang terletak di <a href="/wiki/Asia_Barat" title="Asia Barat">Asia Barat</a>. Meski negara ini telah dikenal penduduk lokal sebagai "Iran" sejak zaman kuno, hingga tahun <a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a> Iran masih disebut sebagai "<a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a>" di <a href="/wiki/Dunia_Barat" title="Dunia Barat">dunia Barat</a>. Pada tahun <a href="/wiki/1959" title="1959">1959</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" title="Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">Mohammad Reza Pahlavi</a> mengumumkan bahwa kedua <a href="/wiki/Istilah" class="mw-redirect" title="Istilah">istilah</a> tersebut boleh digunakan. Nama Iran adalah sebuah perkataan "<a href="/wiki/Arya" title="Arya">Arya</a>" yang berarti "Tanah Bangsa Arya". </p><p>Iran berbatasan dengan <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> (500 km) dan <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> (35 km) di barat laut, <a href="/wiki/Laut_Kaspia" title="Laut Kaspia">Laut Kaspia</a> di utara, <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> (1.000 km) di timur laut, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> (909 km) dan <a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a> (936 km) di timur, <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" class="mw-redirect" title="Türkiye">Türkiye</a> (500 km) dan <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a> (1.458 km) di barat, dan perairan <a href="/wiki/Teluk_Persia" title="Teluk Persia">Teluk Persia</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Teluk_Oman" title="Teluk Oman">Teluk Oman</a> di selatan. </p><p>Pada tahun <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a>, sebuah <a href="/wiki/Revolusi_Iran" title="Revolusi Iran">Revolusi Iran</a> yang dipimpin <a href="/wiki/Ayatollah_Khomeini" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayatollah Khomeini">Ayatollah Khomeini</a> mendirikan sebuah <a href="/wiki/Republik_Islam" title="Republik Islam">Republik Islam</a> <a href="/wiki/Teokrasi" title="Teokrasi">Teokrasi</a> sehingga nama lengkap Iran saat ini adalah "Republik Islam Iran" (جمهوری اسلامی ایران). </p><p>Iran adalah negara multibudaya yang memiliki banyak kelompok <a href="/wiki/Suku" class="mw-redirect" title="Suku">suku</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa" title="Bahasa">bahasa</a>. Persia (61%), Azerbaijan (16%), Kurdistan (10%) dan Lorestan (6%).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Iran" title="Sejarah Iran">Sejarah Iran</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Persia" title="Kekaisaran Persia">Kekaisaran Persia</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Nama_Iran_dan_Persia" title="Nama Iran dan Persia">Nama Iran dan Persia</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sejarah_awal,_Kekaisaran_Media_dan_Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah_(3200_SM_–_330_SM)"><span id="Sejarah_awal.2C_Kekaisaran_Media_dan_Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah_.283200_SM_.E2.80.93_330_SM.29"></span>Sejarah awal, Kekaisaran Media dan Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah (3200 SM – 330 SM)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah awal, Kekaisaran Media dan Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah (3200 SM – 330 SM)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah awal, Kekaisaran Media dan Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah (3200 SM – 330 SM)"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Two_horned_elam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Two_horned_elam.jpg/220px-Two_horned_elam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="421" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Two_horned_elam.jpg/330px-Two_horned_elam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Two_horned_elam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="418" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Peninggalan peradaban <a href="/wiki/Elam" title="Elam">Elam</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Illustrerad_Verldshistoria_band_I_Ill_058.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Illustrerad_Verldshistoria_band_I_Ill_058.jpg/200px-Illustrerad_Verldshistoria_band_I_Ill_058.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="358" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Illustrerad_Verldshistoria_band_I_Ill_058.jpg/300px-Illustrerad_Verldshistoria_band_I_Ill_058.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Illustrerad_Verldshistoria_band_I_Ill_058.jpg/400px-Illustrerad_Verldshistoria_band_I_Ill_058.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1361" data-file-height="2433" /></a><figcaption>Cyrus atau <a href="/wiki/Koresh_yang_Agung" class="mw-redirect" title="Koresh yang Agung">Koresh yang Agung</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Dari tulisan-tulisan sejarah, peradaban Iran yang pertama ialah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proto-Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">Proto-Iran</a>, diikuti dengan peradaban <a href="/wiki/Elam" title="Elam">Elam</a>. Pada milenium kedua, dan ketiga, <a href="/wiki/Ras_Arya" title="Ras Arya">Bangsa Arya</a> hijrah ke Iran, dan mendirikan kekaisaran pertama Iran, <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Media">Kekaisaran Media</a> (728-550 SM). Kekaisaran ini telah menjadi simbol pendiri bangsa, dan juga kekaisaran Iran, yang disusul dengan <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah" title="Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah">Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah</a> (648–330 SM) yang didirikan oleh <a href="/wiki/Koresy_Agung" class="mw-redirect" title="Koresy Agung">Koresy Agung</a>. </p><p>Koresy Agung juga terkenal sebagai pemerintah pertama yang mewujudkan undang-undang mengenai hak-hak kemanusiaan, tertulis di atas artefak yang dikenal sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Silinder_Cyrus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silinder Cyrus (halaman belum tersedia)">Silinder Koresy</a>. Ia juga merupakan pemerintah pertama yang memakai gelar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agung (halaman belum tersedia)">Agung</a>, dan juga <a href="/wiki/Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah">Shah</a> Iran. Di zamannya, perbudakan dilarang di kawasan-kawasan taklukannya (juga dikenal sebagai <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Kekaisaran Persia</a>.) Gagasan ini kemudian memberi dampak yang besar pada peradaban-peradaban manusia setelah zamannya. </p><p>Kekaisaran Persia kemudian diperintah oleh Kambisus selama tujuh tahun (531-522 M), dan kemangkatannya disusul dengan perebutan kuasa di mana akhirnya <a href="/wiki/Darius_Agung" class="mw-redirect" title="Darius Agung">Darius Agung</a> (522-486 M) dinyatakan sebagai raja. </p><p>Ibu kota Persia pada zaman <a href="/wiki/Darius_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Darius I">Darius I</a> dipindahkan ke <a href="/wiki/Susa" class="mw-disambig" title="Susa">Susa</a>, dan ia mulai membangun <a href="/wiki/Persepolis" title="Persepolis">Persepolis</a>. Sebuah terusan di antara <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Nil" title="Sungai Nil">Sungai Nil</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Laut_Merah" title="Laut Merah">Laut Merah</a> turut dibangun, dan menjadikannya pelopor untuk pembangunan <a href="/wiki/Terusan_Suez" title="Terusan Suez">Terusan Suez</a>. Sistem jalan juga turut diperbaharui, dan sebuah jalan raya dibangun menghubungkan <a href="/wiki/Susa" class="mw-disambig" title="Susa">Susa</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Sardis" title="Sardis">Sardis</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jalan_raya" title="Jalan raya">Jalan raya</a> ini dikenal sebagai <a href="/wiki/Jalan_Kerajaan" title="Jalan Kerajaan">Jalan Kerajaan</a>. </p><p>Selain itu, pen-<i>syiling</i>-an dalam bentuk <i>daric</i> (<i>syiling</i> emas), dan juga <i>Shekel</i> (<i>syiling</i> perak) diperkenalkan ke seluruh dunia. <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Persia_Kuno" title="Bahasa Persia Kuno">Bahasa Persia Kuno</a> turut diperkenalkan, dan diterbitkan di dalam prasasti-prasasti kerajaan. </p><p>Di bawah pemerintahan <a href="/wiki/Koresy_Agung" class="mw-redirect" title="Koresy Agung">Koresy Agung</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Darius_yang_Agung" class="mw-redirect" title="Darius yang Agung">Darius yang Agung</a>, Kekaisaran Persia menjadi sebuah kekaisaran yang terbesar dan terkuat di <a href="/wiki/Dunia" title="Dunia">dunia</a> zaman itu. Pencapaian utamanya ialah sebuah kekaisaran besar pertama yang mengamalkan sikap toleransi, dan menghormati budaya-budaya, dan agama-agama lain di kawasan jajahannya. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kekaisaran_Iran_Ketiga:_Kekaisaran_Parthia_(248_SM_–_224_M)"><span id="Kekaisaran_Iran_Ketiga:_Kekaisaran_Parthia_.28248_SM_.E2.80.93_224_M.29"></span>Kekaisaran Iran Ketiga: Kekaisaran Parthia (248 SM – 224 M)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Kekaisaran Iran Ketiga: Kekaisaran Parthia (248 SM – 224 M)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kekaisaran Iran Ketiga: Kekaisaran Parthia (248 SM – 224 M)"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Parthia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parthia">Parthia</a> bermula dengan <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Arsacida" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinasti Arsacida">Dinasti Arsacida</a> yang menyatukan, dan memerintah dataran tinggi Iran, yang juga turut menaklukkan wilayah timur <a href="/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani">Yunani</a> pada awal abad ketiga Masehi, dan juga <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> antara tahun 150 SM, dan 224 M. Parthia juga merupakan musuh bebuyutan Romawi di sebelah timur, dan membatasi bahaya Romawi di <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>. Tentara-tentara Parthia terhagi atas dua kelompok berkuda, tentara berkuda yang berperisai, dan membawa senjata berat, dan tentara berkuda yang bersenjata ringan, dan kudanya lincah bergerak. Sementara itu, tentara Romawi terlalu bergantung kepada infantri, menyebabkan Romawi sukar untuk mengalahkan Parthia. Tetapi, Parthia kekurangan teknik dalam perang tawan, menyebabkan mereka sukar mengawal kawasan taklukan. Ini menyebabkan kedua belah pihak gagal mengalahkan satu sama lain. </p><p>Kekaisaran Parthia tegak selama lima abad (Berakhir pada tahun 224 M,), dan raja terakhirnya kalah di tangan kekaisaran lindungannya, yaitu <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Sassania" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinasti Sassania">Sassania</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kekaisaran_Iran_Keempat:_Kekaisaran_Sassania_(226–651)"><span id="Kekaisaran_Iran_Keempat:_Kekaisaran_Sassania_.28226.E2.80.93651.29"></span>Kekaisaran Iran Keempat: Kekaisaran Sassania (226–651)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Kekaisaran Iran Keempat: Kekaisaran Sassania (226–651)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kekaisaran Iran Keempat: Kekaisaran Sassania (226–651)"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:ArdashirIGoldCoinHistoryofIran.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/ArdashirIGoldCoinHistoryofIran.jpg/209px-ArdashirIGoldCoinHistoryofIran.jpg" decoding="async" width="209" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/ArdashirIGoldCoinHistoryofIran.jpg/314px-ArdashirIGoldCoinHistoryofIran.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/ArdashirIGoldCoinHistoryofIran.jpg 2x" data-file-width="388" data-file-height="376" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ardashir_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardashir I">Ardashir I</a>, pendiri <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Sassania" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinasti Sassania">Dinasti Sassania</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Ardashir_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardashir I">Ardashir I</a>, shah pertama <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Sassania" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Sassania">Kekaisaran Sassania</a>, mula membangun kembali ekonomi, dan militer Persia. Wilayahnya meliputi kawasan Iran modern, <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suriah" title="Suriah">Suriah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asia_Tengah" title="Asia Tengah">Asia Tengah</a>, dan wilayah <a href="/wiki/Jazirah_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Jazirah Arab">Arab</a>. Pada zaman <a href="/wiki/Khosrau_II" title="Khosrau II">Khosrau II</a> (590-628) pula, kekaisaran ini diperluas hingga <a href="/wiki/Mesir" title="Mesir">Mesir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yordania" title="Yordania">Yordania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palestina" title="Palestina">Palestina</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>. Orang-orang Sassanid menamakan kekaisaran mereka <i>Erānshahr</i> (atau <i>Iranshæhr</i>, "Penguasaan Orang Arya".) </p><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Sassanid_empire_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Sassanid_empire_map.png/150px-Sassanid_empire_map.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Sassanid_empire_map.png/225px-Sassanid_empire_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Sassanid_empire_map.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="165" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Sassania" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Sassania">Kekaisaran Sassania</a> pada zaman kegemilangannya.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sejarah Iran seterusnya diikuti dengan konflik selama enam ratus tahun dengan Kekaisaran Romawi. Menurut sejarawan, Persia kalah dalam <a href="/wiki/Perang_al-Q%C4%81disiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Perang al-Qādisiyyah">Perang al-Qādisiyyah</a> (632 M) di <a href="/wiki/Hilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Hilla">Hilla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rostam_Farrokhz%C4%81d&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rostam Farrokhzād (halaman belum tersedia)">Rostam Farrokhzād</a>, seorang jenderal Persia, dikritik karena keputusannya untuk berperang dengan orang Arab di bumi Arab sendiri. Kekalahan Sassania di Irak menyebabkan tentara mereka tidak keruan, dan akhirnya ini memberi jalan kepada <i>futuhat</i> Islam atas Persia. </p><p>Era Sassania menyaksikan memuncaknya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peradaban_Persia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peradaban Persia (halaman belum tersedia)">peradaban Persia</a>, dan merupakan kekaisaran Persia terakhir sebelum kedatangan <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. Pengaruh, dan kebudayaan Sassania kemudian diteruskan setelah pemelukan Islam oleh bangsa Persia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam_Persia_dan_Zaman_Kegemilangan_Islam_Persia_(700–1400)"><span id="Islam_Persia_dan_Zaman_Kegemilangan_Islam_Persia_.28700.E2.80.931400.29"></span>Islam Persia dan Zaman Kegemilangan Islam Persia (700–1400)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Islam Persia dan Zaman Kegemilangan Islam Persia (700–1400)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Islam Persia dan Zaman Kegemilangan Islam Persia (700–1400)"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Setelah pemelukan Islam, orang-orang Persia mulai membentuk gambaran Islam Persia, di mana mereka melestarikan gambaran sebagai orang Persia tetapi pada masa yang sama juga sebagai muslim. Pada tahun 8 M, Parsi memberi bantuan kepada <a href="/wiki/Abbassiyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbassiyah">Abbassiyah</a> memerangi tentara <a href="/wiki/Umayyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyah">Umayyah</a>, karena Bani Umayyah hanya mementingkan bangsa Arab, dan memandang rendah kepada orang Persia. Pada zaman Abbassiyah, orang-orang Persia mula melibatkan diri dalam administrasi kerajaan. Sebagian mendirikan dinasti sendiri. </p><p>Pada abad kesembilan, dan kesepuluh, terdapat beberapa kebangkitan ashshobiyyah Persia yang menentang gagasan Arab sebagai Islam, dan Muslim. Tetapi kebangkitan ini tidak menentang identitas seorang Islam. Salah satu dampak kebangkitan ini ialah penggunaan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Persia" title="Bahasa Persia">bahasa Persia</a> sebagai bahasa resmi Iran (hingga hari ini.) </p><p>Pada zaman ini juga, para ilmuwan Persia menciptakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zaman_Kegemilangan_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zaman Kegemilangan Islam (halaman belum tersedia)">Zaman Kegemilangan Islam</a>. Sementara itu Persia menjadi tumpuan penyebaran ilmu sains, filsafat, dan teknik. Ini kemudian memengaruhi sains di Eropa, dan juga kebangkitan <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>. </p><p>Bermula pada tahun 1220, Parsi dimasuki oleh tentara Mongolia di bawah pimpinan <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a>, diikuti dengan <a href="/wiki/Tamerlane" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamerlane">Tamerlane</a>, di mana kedua penjelajah ini menyebabkan kemusnahan yang parah di Persia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam_Syi'ah,_Kekaisaran_Safawi,_Dinasti_Qajar/Pahlavi_dan_Iran_Modern_(1501_–_1979)"><span id="Islam_Syi.27ah.2C_Kekaisaran_Safawi.2C_Dinasti_Qajar.2FPahlavi_dan_Iran_Modern_.281501_.E2.80.93_1979.29"></span>Islam Syi'ah, Kekaisaran Safawi, Dinasti Qajar/Pahlavi dan Iran Modern (1501 – 1979)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Islam Syi'ah, Kekaisaran Safawi, Dinasti Qajar/Pahlavi dan Iran Modern (1501 – 1979)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Islam Syi'ah, Kekaisaran Safawi, Dinasti Qajar/Pahlavi dan Iran Modern (1501 – 1979)"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Parsi mulai berganti menjadi <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> <a href="/wiki/Syiah" title="Syiah">Syiah</a> pada zaman <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Safawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinasti Safawi">Safawi</a>, pada tahun 1501. Dinasti Safawi kemudian menjadi salah satu penguasa dunia yang utama, dan mulai mempromosikan industri pariwisata di Iran. Di bawah pemerintahannya, arsitektur Persia berkembang kembali, dan menyaksikan pembangunan monumen-monumen yang indah. Kejatuhan Safawi disusuli dengan Persia yang menjadi sebuah medan persaingan antara kekuasaan <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Rusia" title="Kekaisaran Rusia">Kekaisaran Rusia</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Britania" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Britania">Kekaisaran Britania</a> (yang menggunakan pengaruh <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Qajar" title="Dinasti Qajar">Dinasti Qajar</a>). Namun begitu, Iran tetap melestarikan kemerdekaan, dan wilayah-wilayahnya, menjadikannya unik di rantau itu. Modernisasi Iran yang bermula pada lewat abad ke-19, membangkitkan keinginan untuk berubah dari orang-orang Persia. Ini menyebabkan terjadinya Revolusi Konstitusi Persia pada tahun 1905 hingga 1911. Pada tahun 1921, <a href="/wiki/Reza_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Reza Khan">Reza Khan</a> (juga dikenal sebagai Reza Shah) mengambil alih tahta melalui perebutan kekuasaan dari Qajar yang semakin lemah. Sebagai penyokong modernisasi, Shah Reza memulai pembangunan <a href="/wiki/Industri" title="Industri">industri</a> modern, jalan kereta api, dan pendirian sistem pendidikan tinggi di Iran. Malangnya, sikap aristokratik, dan ketidakseimbangan pemulihan kemasyarakatan menyebabkan banyak rakyat Iran tidak puas. </p><p>Pada <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II" title="Perang Dunia II">Perang Dunia II</a>, tentara Inggris, dan Uni Soviet menyerang Iran dari 25 Agustus hingga 17 September 1941, untuk membatasi Blok Poros, dan menggagas infrastruktur penggalian minyak Iran. Blok Sekutu memaksa Shah untuk melantik anaknya, <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" title="Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">Mohammad Reza Pahlavi</a> menggantikannya, dengan harapan Mohammad Reza menyokong mereka. </p><p>Malangnya, pemerintahan Shah Mohammad Reza bersifat otokratis. Dengan bantuan dari Amerika, dan Inggris, Shah meneruskan modernisasi Industri Iran, tetapi pada masa yang sama menghancurkan partai-partai oposisi melalui badan intelijennya, <a href="/wiki/SAVAK" title="SAVAK">SAVAK</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ayatollah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayatollah">Ayatollah</a> <a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ruhollah Khomeini</a> menjadi oposisi, dan pengkritik aktif terhadap pemerintahan Shah Mohammad Reza, dan kemudian ia dipenjarakan selama delapan belas bulan. Melalui nasihat jenderal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_Pakravan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hassan Pakravan (halaman belum tersedia)">Hassan Pakravan</a>, Khomeini dibuang ke luar negeri, dan diantar ke <a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a>, dan selepas itu ke <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Revolusi_Islam_dan_Perang_Iran-Irak_(1979-88)"><span id="Revolusi_Islam_dan_Perang_Iran-Irak_.281979-88.29"></span><a href="/wiki/Revolusi_Islam_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolusi Islam Iran">Revolusi Islam</a> dan Perang Iran-Irak (1979-88)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Revolusi Islam dan Perang Iran-Irak (1979-88)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Revolusi Islam dan Perang Iran-Irak (1979-88)"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Protes menentang <a href="/wiki/Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah">Shah</a> semakin meningkat, dan akhirnya terjadilah <a href="/wiki/Revolusi_Iran" title="Revolusi Iran">Revolusi Iran</a>. <a href="/wiki/Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah">Shah</a> Iran terpaksa melarikan diri ke negara lain setelah kembalinya <a href="/wiki/Imam_Khomeini" class="mw-redirect" title="Imam Khomeini">Imam Khomeini</a> dari pembuangan pada <a href="/wiki/1_Februari" title="1 Februari">1 Februari</a> <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a>. Khomeini kemudian mengambil alih kekuasaan, dan membentuk pemerintahan sementara, pada <a href="/wiki/11_Februari" title="11 Februari">11 Februari</a> yang dikepalai <a href="/wiki/Mehdi_Bazargan" title="Mehdi Bazargan">Mehdi Bazargan</a> sebagai perdana menteri. Setelah itu, Khomeini mengadakan pungutan suara untuk membentuk sebuah <a href="/wiki/Republik_Islam" title="Republik Islam">Republik Islam</a>. Keputusan undian menunjukkan lebih dari 98% rakyat Iran setuju dengan pembentukan itu. Sistem pemerintahan baru yang dibentuk berasaskan undang-undang Islam, sayangnya hanya diterapkan sebagian. </p><p>Tetapi, hubungan Iran dengan Amerika menjadi keruh setelah revolusi ini, terutama saat mahasiswa-mahasiswa Iran menawan kedutaan Amerika pada <a href="/wiki/4_November" title="4 November">4 November</a> <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a>, atas alasan kedutaan itu menjadi pusat intelijen Amerika. Khomeini tidak mengambil tindakan apapun mengenai tidakan ini sebaliknya memuji mahasiswa-mahasiswa itu. Sebagai balasan, Iran menginginkan <a href="/wiki/Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah">Shah</a> <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" title="Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">Mohammad Reza Pahlavi</a> dikembalikan ke Iran, tetapi ini tidak mereka setujui. Setelah 444 hari di dalam tawanan, akhirnya para tawanan itu dibebaskan sebagai tindak lanjut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deklarasi_Aljir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deklarasi Aljir (halaman belum tersedia)">Deklarasi Aljir</a>. </p><p>Pada saat yang sama, <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a>, presiden <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a> saat itu, mengambil kesempatan di atas kesempitan setelah revolusi Iran, dan juga kekurangan popularitas Iran di negara-negara barat, untuk melancarkan perang atas Iran. Tujuan utama peperangan ini ialah menaklukkan beberapa wilayah yang dituntut Irak, terutamanya wilayah <a href="/wiki/Khuzestan" class="mw-redirect" title="Khuzestan">Khuzestan</a> yang kaya dengan sumber minyak. Saddam pula ketika itu mendapat sokongan dari <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uni_Soviet" title="Uni Soviet">Uni Soviet</a>, dan beberapa negara Arab lain. Tentara Iran pula yang suatu masa dahulu merupakan sebuah tentara yang kuat, telah dibubarkan saat itu. Walau bagaimanapun, mereka berhasil mencegah bahaya tentara <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a> seterusnya menaklukkan kembali wilayah Iran yang ditaklukkan Irak. Dalam peperangan ini puluhan ribu nyawa, baik penduduk awam maupun laskar Iran, menjadi korban. Jumlah korban diperkirakan antara 500.000 hingga 1.000.000. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografi">Geografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Geografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Geografi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Iran_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Peta Iran"><img alt="Peta Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Iran_map.png/225px-Iran_map.png" decoding="async" width="225" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Iran_map.png 1.5x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>Peta Iran</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Geografi_Iran" title="Geografi Iran">Geografi Iran</a></div> <p>Iran berbatasan dengan <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> (panjang perbatasan: 432 km), dan <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> (35 km) di barat laut, <a href="/wiki/Laut_Kaspia" title="Laut Kaspia">Laut Kaspia</a> di utara, <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> (992 km) di timur laut, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> (909 km), dan <a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a> (936 km) di timur, <a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a> (499 km), dan <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a> (1.458 km) di barat, dan akhirnya <a href="/wiki/Teluk_Persia" title="Teluk Persia">Teluk Persia</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Teluk_Oman" title="Teluk Oman">Teluk Oman</a> di selatan. Luas tanah total adalah 1.648.000 km² (daratan: 1.636.000 km², perairan: 12.000 km²). </p><p>Lansekap Iran didominasi oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barisan_gunung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barisan gunung (halaman belum tersedia)">barisan gunung</a> yang kasar yang memisahkan <i>basin drainage</i> atau <a href="/wiki/Dataran_tinggi" title="Dataran tinggi">dataran tinggi</a> yang beragam. Bagian barat yang memiliki populasi terbanyak adalah bagian yang paling bergunung, dengan jajaran gunung seperti <a href="/wiki/Pegunungan_Kaukasus" title="Pegunungan Kaukasus">Pegunungan Kaukasus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pegunungan_Zagros" title="Pegunungan Zagros">Pegunungan Zagros</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Alborz" title="Alborz">Alborz</a>, Pegunungan Alborz merupakan tempat dimana terdapat titik tertinggi Iran, <a href="/wiki/Gunung_Damavand" title="Gunung Damavand">Gunung Damavand</a> pada 5.604 m. Sebelah timur terdiri dari <a href="/wiki/Gurun" title="Gurun">gurun</a> dan dataran rendah yang tak dihuni seperti <a href="/wiki/Dasht-e_Kavir" title="Dasht-e Kavir">Dasht-e Kavir</a> yang mengandung mineral garam, dengan <a href="/wiki/Danau_garam" title="Danau garam">danau garam</a> yang kadang muncul. </p><p>Ladang lapang luas ditemukan di sepanjang pesisir <a href="/wiki/Laut_Kaspia" title="Laut Kaspia">Laut Kaspia</a>, dan di ujung utara <a href="/wiki/Teluk_Persia" title="Teluk Persia">Teluk Persia</a>, di mana Iran berbatasan dengan sungai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arvand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arvand (halaman belum tersedia)">Arvand</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Shatt_al-Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Shatt al-Arab">Shatt al-Arab</a></i>). Dataran yang lebih kecil, dan terputus ditemukan di sepanjang pesisir Teluk Persia, <a href="/wiki/Selat_Hormuz" title="Selat Hormuz">Selat Hormuz</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laut_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laut Oman (halaman belum tersedia)">Laut Oman</a>. <a href="/wiki/Iklim" title="Iklim">Iklim</a> Iran kebanyakan <a href="/wiki/Kering" title="Kering">kering</a> atau setengah kering, meskipun ada yang <a href="/wiki/Subtropis" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtropis">subtropis</a> sepanjang pesisir Kaspia. Iran dianggap sebagai salah satu dari 15 negara yang membentuk sesuatu yang disebut sebagai tempat lahirnya kebudayaan manusia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iklim">Iklim</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Iklim" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Iklim"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lanskap Iran memiliki beberapa <a href="/wiki/Iklim" title="Iklim">iklim</a> yang berbeda. Di sisi utara negeri itu (dataran pesisir Kaspia) suhu amat rendah membekukan, dan tetap lembap selama beberapa tahun terakhir. Suhu musim panas jarang mencapai 29 °C. Penguapan tahunan adalah 680 mm di bagian timur dataran, dan lebih dari 1700 mm di sisi barat dataran. Di barat, permukiman-permukiman di lereng Pegunungan Zagros mengalami rendahnya suhu. Daerah-daerah itu memiliki musim dingin yang hebat, dengan rerata suhu harian membekukan, dan curah saljunya keras. Lembah timur, dan tengahnya kering, yang curah hujannya kurang dari 200 mm, dan bergurun. Suhu musim panas rata-rata melebihi 38 °C. Dataran pesisir Teluk Persia, dan Teluk Oman di Iran selatan memiliki musim dingin yang sejuk, dan mengalami musim panas yang lembap, dan panas. Penguapan tahunan berkisar dari 135 mm hingga 355 mm. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politik">Politik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Politik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Politik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemerintahan_dan_politik_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemerintahan dan politik Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemerintahan dan politik Iran</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_luar_negeri_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan luar negeri Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">Hubungan luar negeri Iran</a></div> <p>Iran adalah salah satu di antara anggota pendiri <a href="/wiki/PBB" class="mw-redirect" title="PBB">PBB</a>, dan juga kepada <a href="/wiki/OKI" class="mw-disambig" title="OKI">OKI</a>, dan juga <a href="/wiki/GNB" class="mw-redirect" title="GNB">GNB</a>. Sistem politik di Iran berasaskan konstitusi yang dinamakan "<i>Qanun-e Asasi</i>" (Undang-undang Dasar) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pemerintahan">Pemerintahan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Pemerintahan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pemerintahan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pemimpin_Agung">Pemimpin Agung</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Pemimpin Agung" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pemimpin Agung"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pemimpin Agung Iran bertanggung jawab terhadap "kebijakan-kebijakan umum Republik Islam Iran". Ia juga merupakan ketua pasukan bersenjata, dan badan intelijen Iran, dan mempunyai kuasa mutlak untuk menyatakan perang. Ketua kehakiman, stasiun radio, dan rangkaian televisi, ketua polisi, dan tentara, dan enam dari dua belas anggota <a href="/wiki/Majelis_Wali_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Majelis Wali Iran">Majelis Wali Iran</a> juga dilantik oleh Pemimpin Agung. <a href="/wiki/Majelis_Ahli" class="mw-redirect" title="Majelis Ahli">Majelis Ahli</a> bertanggung jawab memilih, dan juga memecat Pemimpin Agung atas justifikasi kelayakan, dan popularitas individu itu. Majelis ini juga bertanggung jawab memantau tugasan Pemimpin Agung. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Eksekutif">Eksekutif</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Eksekutif" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Eksekutif"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Orang kedua terpenting dalam <a href="/wiki/Republik_Islam_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Islam Iran">Republik Islam Iran</a> adalah <a href="/wiki/Presiden" title="Presiden">presiden</a>. Setiap <a href="/wiki/Presiden_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Presiden Iran">presiden</a> dipilih melalui <a href="/wiki/Pemilihan_umum" title="Pemilihan umum">pemilihan umum</a>, dan akan memerintah Iran selama empat tahun. Setiap calon presiden mesti mendapat persetujuan dari <a href="/wiki/Majelis_Wali_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Majelis Wali Iran">Majelis Wali Iran</a> sebelum pemilu dilaksanakan agar mereka 'serasi' dengan gagasan negara Islam. Tanggung jawab presiden adalah memastikan konstitusi negara diikuti, dan juga mempraktikkan kekuasaan eksekutif. Tetapi presiden tidak berkuasa atas perkara-perkara yang di bawah kekuasaan Pemimpin Agung. </p><p>Presiden melantik, dan mengepalai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kabinet_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kabinet Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">Kabinet Iran</a>, dan berkuasa membuat keputusan mengenai administrasi negara. Terdapat delapan wakil presiden, dan dua puluh satu menteri yang ikut serta membantu presiden dalam administrasi, dan mereka semua mesti mendapat persetujuan badan perundangan. Tidak seperti negara-negara lain, cabang eksekutif tidak memiliki kekuasaan dalam pasukan bersenjata, tetapi presiden Iran berkuasa melantik <a href="/wiki/Menteri_Pertahanan" class="mw-redirect" title="Menteri Pertahanan">Menteri Pertahanan</a>, dan Intelijen, dan harus mendapat persetujuan Pemimpin Agung, dan badan perundangan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Majelis_Wali">Majelis Wali</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Majelis Wali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Majelis Wali"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majlis_Wali_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majlis Wali Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">Majlis Wali Iran</a> mempunyai dua belas ahli undang-undang, dan enam dari mereka dilantik oleh Pemimpin Agung. Ketua Kehakiman akan mencadangkan enam anggota cadangan, dan mereka akan dilantik secara resmi oleh parlemen Iran atau <i><a href="/wiki/Majles" class="mw-redirect" title="Majles">Majles</a></i>. Majelis ini akan menafsirkan konstitusi, dan mempunyai hak veto untuk keputusan, dan keanggotaan parlemen Iran. Jikalau terdapat undang-undang yang tidak sesuai dengan hukum <a href="/wiki/Syariah" class="mw-redirect" title="Syariah">syariah</a>, maka akan dirujuk kembali oleh parlemen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Majelis_Kebijaksanaan">Majelis Kebijaksanaan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bagian: Majelis Kebijaksanaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Majelis Kebijaksanaan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Majelis Kebijaksanaan berkuasa untuk menyelesaikan konflik antara <a href="/wiki/Majles" class="mw-redirect" title="Majles">parlemen</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Majelis_Wali_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Majelis Wali Iran">Majelis Wali Iran</a>. Badan ini juga turut menjadi penasihat Pemimpin Agung. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Parlemen">Parlemen</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Sunting bagian: Parlemen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Parlemen"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Majles" class="mw-redirect" title="Majles"><i>Majles-e Shura-ye Eslami</i></a> (Majlis Perundingan Islam) mempunyai 290 anggota yang dilantik, dan akan bertugas selama empat tahun. Semua calon Majles, dan ahli undang-undang dari parlemen haruslah mendapat persetujuan <a href="/wiki/Majelis_Wali_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Majelis Wali Iran">Majelis Wali</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kehakiman">Kehakiman</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Sunting bagian: Kehakiman" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=17" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kehakiman"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pemimpin Agung akan melantik ketua kehakiman Iran, dan ia pula akan melantik Mahkamah Agung, dan juga ketua penuntut umum. Terdapat beberapa jenis mahkamah di Iran termasuk mahkamah umum yang bertanggung jawab atas kasus-kasus umum, dan kejahatan. Terdapat juga "Mahkamah Revolusi" yang mengadili beberapa kasus tertentu termasuk isu mengenai keselamatan negara. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Majelis_Ahli">Majelis Ahli</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Sunting bagian: Majelis Ahli" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=18" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Majelis Ahli"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Majelis_Ahli" class="mw-redirect" title="Majelis Ahli">Majelis Ahli</a> yang bermusyawarah selama seminggu setiap tahun mempunyai 86 anggota yang ahli dalam ilmu-ilmu agama. Mereka diundi secara umum, dan akan bertugas selama delapan tahun. Majelis ini akan menentukan kelayakan calon-calon presiden, dan anggota parlemen. Majelis ini juga akan mengundi untuk jabatan Pemimpin Agung, dan juga berkuasa untuk memecatnya. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dewan_Kota_Setempat">Dewan Kota Setempat</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Sunting bagian: Dewan Kota Setempat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=19" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Dewan Kota Setempat"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Majelis setempat akan dipilih secara umum untuk bertugas selama empat tahun di semua kota, dan desa. Kekuasaan majelis ini luas, dari melantik pimpinan kota hinggal menjaga kepercayaan rakyat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pembagian_administratif">Pembagian administratif</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Sunting bagian: Pembagian administratif" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=20" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pembagian administratif"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Pembagian_administratif_Iran" title="Pembagian administratif Iran">Pembagian administratif Iran</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:IranNumbered.png" class="mw-file-description" title="wilyah-wilayah Iran menurut nomor-nomor di sebelah kiri"><img alt="wilyah-wilayah Iran menurut nomor-nomor di sebelah kiri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/IranNumbered.png/250px-IranNumbered.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/IranNumbered.png/375px-IranNumbered.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/IranNumbered.png/500px-IranNumbered.png 2x" data-file-width="879" data-file-height="813" /></a><figcaption>wilyah-wilayah Iran menurut nomor-nomor di sebelah kiri</figcaption></figure> <p>Iran terbagi atas tiga puluh <a href="/wiki/Provinsi" title="Provinsi">provinsi</a> yang diperintah seorang gubernur (استاندار, ostāndār). Peta di sebelah tidak menunjukkan <a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Hormozgan" title="Provinsi Hormozgan">provinsi Hormozgan</a>, (#20 di dalam daftar) yang merupakan sebuah pulau: </p> <table style="background:transparent;"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td> <table style="background:transparent; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <td>1.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Tehran" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinsi Tehran">Tehran</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Qom" title="Provinsi Qom">Qom</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Markazi" title="Provinsi Markazi">Markazi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Qazvin" title="Provinsi Qazvin">Qazvin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_G%C4%ABl%C4%81n" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinsi Gīlān">Gīlān</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Ardabil" title="Provinsi Ardabil">Ardabil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Zanjan" title="Provinsi Zanjan">Zanjan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Azarbaijan_Timur" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinsi Azarbaijan Timur">Azarbaijan Timur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Azarbaijan_Barat" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinsi Azarbaijan Barat">Azarbaijan Barat</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Kurdistan_(Iran)" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinsi Kurdistan (Iran)">Kurdistan</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> <table style="background:transparent; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <td>11.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Hamad%C4%81n" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinsi Hamadān">Hamadān</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Kermanshah" title="Provinsi Kermanshah">Kermanshah</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_%C4%AAl%C4%81m" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinsi Īlām">Īlām</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Lorest%C4%81n" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinsi Lorestān">Lorestān</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>15.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Kh%C5%ABzest%C4%81n" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinsi Khūzestān">Khūzestān</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>16.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Chaharmahal_dan_Bakhtiari" title="Provinsi Chaharmahal dan Bakhtiari">Chaharmahal dan Bakhtiari</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>17.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Kohgiluyeh_dan_Boyer-Ahmad" title="Provinsi Kohgiluyeh dan Boyer-Ahmad">Kohgiluyeh dan Boyer-Ahmad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>18.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Bushehr" title="Provinsi Bushehr">Bushehr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>19.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Fars" title="Provinsi Fars">Fārs</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>20.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Hormozg%C4%81n" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinsi Hormozgān">Hormozgān</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> <table style="background:transparent; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <td>21.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Sistan_dan_Baluchestan" title="Provinsi Sistan dan Baluchestan">Sistan dan Baluchestan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Kerm%C4%81n" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinsi Kermān">Kermān</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>23.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Yazd" title="Provinsi Yazd">Yazd</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>24.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Isfahan" title="Provinsi Isfahan">Isfahan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>25.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Semn%C4%81n" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinsi Semnān">Semnān</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>26.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_M%C4%81zandar%C4%81n" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinsi Māzandarān">Māzandarān</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>27.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Golest%C4%81n" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinsi Golestān">Golestān</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>28.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Khorasan_Utara" title="Provinsi Khorasan Utara">Khorasan Utara</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>29.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Provinsi Razavi Khorasan">Razavi Khorasan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>30.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Khorasan_Selatan" title="Provinsi Khorasan Selatan">Khorasan Selatan</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Militer">Militer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Sunting bagian: Militer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=21" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Militer"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Militer_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Militer Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">Militer Iran</a></div> <p>Militer Iran terbagi atas dua pasukan yaitu pasukan militer negara, dan pasukan militer revolusi. Pasukan militer revolusi berjumlah 545.000 jiwa.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kedua-dua pasukan bersenjata ini dibawah kendali Menteri Pertahanan, dan Logistik Pasukan Bersenjata Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tentara nasional Iran mempunyai 420.000 prajurit yang terbagi atas tiga angkatan utama yaitu <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Darat_Iran" title="Angkatan Darat Iran">Angkatan Darat Iran</a> sebanyak 350.000 pasukan, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angkatan_Laut_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angkatan Laut Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">Angkatan Laut Iran</a> sebanyak 18.000 pasukan, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angkatan_Udara_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angkatan Udara Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">Angkatan Udara Iran</a> sebanyak 52.000 pasukan.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Angkatan revolusi mempunyai 125.000 pegawai yang terbagi atas lima cabang yaitu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasukan_Qods&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasukan Qods (halaman belum tersedia)">Pasukan Qods</a> (pasukan khusus), <a href="/wiki/Basij" title="Basij">Basij</a> (paramiliter), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angkatan_Laut_Revolusi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angkatan Laut Revolusi (halaman belum tersedia)">Angkatan Laut Revolusi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angkatan_Udara_Revolusi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angkatan Udara Revolusi (halaman belum tersedia)">Angkatan Udara Revolusi</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angkatan_Darat_Revolusi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angkatan Darat Revolusi (halaman belum tersedia)">Angkatan Darat Revolusi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Angkatan Basij adalah tentara paramiliter yang mempunyai anggota penuh 90.000 prajurit, dan juga 30.000 prajurit cadangan ditambah dengan 11 juta pria, dan wanita yang dapat dimobilisasi.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kekuatan tentara Iran dirahasiakan dari pengetahuan umum. Namun, pada beberapa tahun terakhir, Iran mengumumkan pembangunan beberapa senjata seperti peluru kendali <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fajr-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fajr-3 (halaman belum tersedia)">Fajr-3</a>, peluru kendali <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kowsar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kowsar (halaman belum tersedia)">Kowsar</a>, peluru kendali <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fateh-110&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fateh-110 (halaman belum tersedia)">Fateh-110</a>, peluru kendali <a href="/wiki/Shahab-3" title="Shahab-3">Shahab-3</a>, dan beberapa pembangunan jentera militer. </p><p>Peluru kendali <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fajr-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fajr-3 (halaman belum tersedia)">Fajr-3</a> berada di antara pembangunan militer Iran yang paling canggih saat ini, yang dibuat di Iran sendiri, dan menggunakan bendalir minyak untuk pembakaran bahan api. Julat peluru kendali ini dirahasiakan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomi">Ekonomi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Sunting bagian: Ekonomi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=22" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Ekonomi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Iran" title="Ekonomi Iran">Ekonomi Iran</a></div> <p>Ekonomi Iran adalah campuran Ekonomi Perencanaan Sentral dengan sumber minyak, dan perusahaan-perusahaan utamanya dimiliki pemerintahan, dan juga terdapat beberapa perusahaan swasta. Pertumbuhan ekonomi Iran stabil semenjak dua abad yang lalu. </p><p>Pada awal abad ke-21, persenan sektor jasa dalam pengeluaran negara kasarnya, PNK, adalah yang tertinggi, diikuti dengan pertambangan, dan pertanian. 45% belanja negara adalah hasil pertambangan minyak, dan gas alam, dan 31% dari cukai. Pada 2004, PNK Iran diperkirakan sebanyak $163 miliar atau $2.440 per kapita. </p><p>Rekan dagang Iran adalah <a href="/wiki/Tiongkok" title="Tiongkok">Tiongkok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis">Prancis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang">Jepang</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Korea_Selatan" title="Korea Selatan">Korea Selatan</a>. Sementara itu, semenjak lewat 90-an, Iran mulai meningkatkan kerja sama ekonomi dengan beberapa negara berkembang termasuk <a href="/wiki/Suriah" title="Suriah">Suriah</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Selatan" title="Afrika Selatan">Afrika Selatan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Komunikasi_dan_pengangkutan">Komunikasi dan pengangkutan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Sunting bagian: Komunikasi dan pengangkutan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=23" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Komunikasi dan pengangkutan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komunikasi_dan_pengangkutan_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komunikasi dan pengangkutan Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">Komunikasi dan pengangkutan Iran</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Iran_2001_CIA_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Iran_2001_CIA_map.jpg/200px-Iran_2001_CIA_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Iran_2001_CIA_map.jpg/300px-Iran_2001_CIA_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Iran_2001_CIA_map.jpg/400px-Iran_2001_CIA_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2036" data-file-height="2037" /></a><figcaption>Peta menunjukkan jalan raya dan jalan kereta api utama di Iran.</figcaption></figure> <p>Jaringan jalan raya di Iran adalah salah satu yang terbaik di dunia, dan menghubungkan kota-kota utama, dan kawasan-kawasan luar kota. Pada 2002, Iran mempunyai 178.152 km jalan raya, dan 66% beraspal. Sementara itu terdapat 30 pengguna kereta bagi setiap 1000 penduduknya. Jalan KA di Iran sepanjang 6.405 km (3.980 mil). Pelabuhan utama Iran ialah pelabuhan <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Abbas" title="Bandar Abbas">Bandar Abbas</a> yang terletak di <a href="/wiki/Selat_Hormuz" title="Selat Hormuz">Selat Hormuz</a>. Pelabuhan ini dihubungkan dengan sistem jalan raya, dan jalan kereta api untuk pengangkutan kargo. Jaringan kereta api Tehran-Bandar Abbas dibangun pada 1995 yang menghubungkan Bandar Abbas dengan seluruh Iran, dan Asia Tengah melewati Teheran, dan Masyhad. Pelabuhan-pelabuhan lain ialah pelabuhan <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Anzali" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandar Anzali">Bandar Anzali</a> di <a href="/wiki/Laut_Kaspia" title="Laut Kaspia">Laut Kaspia</a>, pelabuhan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Turkmen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bandar Turkmen (halaman belum tersedia)">Bandar Turkmen</a> juga berhadapan dengan Laut Kaspia, dan pelabuhan korramshahr, dan pelabuhan Bandar Khomeyni di <a href="/wiki/Teluk_Persia" title="Teluk Persia">Teluk Persia</a>. Kota-kota utama di Iran juga dihubungkan dengan Pengangkutan Udara. <a href="/wiki/Iran_Air" title="Iran Air">Iran Air</a> adalah maskapai penerbangan kebangsaan Iran yang bertanggungjawab dalam pengangkutan udara di Iran, dan luar Iran. Sistem transit pula terdapat di semua bandar-bandar utama sedangkan <a href="/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran">Teheran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masyhad" title="Masyhad">Masyhad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syiraz" title="Syiraz">Syiraz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahwaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahwaz">Ahwaz</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Isfahan" title="Isfahan">Isfahan</a> sedang dalam proses membangun jalan kereta api bawah tanah. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografi">Demografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Sunting bagian: Demografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=24" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Demografi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Provinces_of_Iran_by_population.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Provinces_of_Iran_by_population.svg/270px-Provinces_of_Iran_by_population.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Provinces_of_Iran_by_population.svg/405px-Provinces_of_Iran_by_population.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Provinces_of_Iran_by_population.svg/540px-Provinces_of_Iran_by_population.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1071" /></a><figcaption>Provinsi Iran menurut populasi, 2014.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Provinces_of_Iran_by_population_density.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Provinces_of_Iran_by_population_density.svg/270px-Provinces_of_Iran_by_population_density.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Provinces_of_Iran_by_population_density.svg/405px-Provinces_of_Iran_by_population_density.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Provinces_of_Iran_by_population_density.svg/540px-Provinces_of_Iran_by_population_density.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Provinsi Iran menurut kepadatan penduduk, 2013.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Demografi_Iran" title="Demografi Iran">Demografi Iran</a></div> <table class="toccolours" style="width: 15em; text-align: center; border-spacing: 0; float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="3" class="navbox-title" style="padding:0.25em; font-size:110%">1956–2011</th></tr> <tr style="font-size: 95%"><th style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 1px; width: 3em;">Tahun</th> <th style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 1px; text-align: right;"><abbr title="Jumlah Penduduk">Jumlah<br />Pend.</abbr>  </th><th style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 1px; text-align: right"><abbr title="Laju pertumbuhan per tahun">±% p.a.</abbr>  </th> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center; padding: 1px;">1956</th> <td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">18,954,704 </td><td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">—    </td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center; padding: 1px;">1966</th> <td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">25,785,210 </td><td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">—    </td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center; padding: 1px;">1976</th> <td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">33,708,744 </td><td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">—    </td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center; padding: 1px;">1986</th> <td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">49,445,010 </td><td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">—    </td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center; padding: 1px;">1996</th> <td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">60,055,488 </td><td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">—    </td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center; padding: 1px;">2006</th> <td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">70,495,782 </td><td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">—    </td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center; padding: 1px;">2011</th> <td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">75,149,669 </td><td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">—    </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 1px solid black; font-size: 85%; text-align: left;">Sumber: United Nations Demographic Yearbook<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>Iran adalah negara yang beragam, terdiri dari banyak kelompok agama dan etnis yang bersatu melalui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Budaya_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Budaya Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">bahasa dan budaya bersama Iran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Populasi Iran tumbuh pesat pada paruh kedua abad ke-20, meningkat dari sekitar 19 juta pada tahun 1956 menjadi sekitar 75 juta pada tahun 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-una_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-una-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namun, <a href="/wiki/Tingkat_kelahiran" class="mw-redirect" title="Tingkat kelahiran">tingkat kelahiran</a> Iran telah menurun secara signifikan dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, yang mengarah ke tingkat pertumbuhan penduduk—pada Juli 2012—sekitar 1,29%.<sup id="cite_ref-DW_Persian_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DW_Persian-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Studi-studi memproyeksikan bahwa pertumbuhan akan terus melambat sampai stabil di atas 105 juta pada tahun 2050.<sup id="cite_ref-bureau_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bureau-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-payvand_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-payvand-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Iran menjadi tempat tinggal salah satu populasi <a href="/wiki/Pengungsi" title="Pengungsi">pengungsi</a> terbesar di dunia, dengan lebih dari satu juta pengungsi, sebagian besar dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengungsi_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengungsi Afghanistan (halaman belum tersedia)">Afghanistan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sejak tahun 2006, para pejabat Iran telah bekerja dengan <a href="/wiki/UNHCR" class="mw-redirect" title="UNHCR">UNHCR</a> dan pejabat Afghanistan untuk <a href="/wiki/Repatriasi" title="Repatriasi">repatriasi</a> mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-bbcb_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcb-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Menurut perkiraan, sekitar lima juta warga Iran telah beremigrasi ke negara-negara lain, terutama sejak Revolusi 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-Ganji2002_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ganji2002-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Menurut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konstitusi_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konstitusi Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">Konstitusi Iran</a>, pemerintah wajib memberikan setiap warga negara akses ke <a href="/wiki/Jaminan_sosial" title="Jaminan sosial">jaminan sosial</a> yang meliputi pensiun, pengangguran, usia tua, <a href="/wiki/Cacat" class="mw-redirect" title="Cacat">cacat</a>, kecelakaan, bencana, kesehatan dan perawatan medis dan layanan perawatan.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ini ditutupi oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hukum_buruh_dan_pajak_di_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hukum buruh dan pajak di Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">penerimaan pajak</a> dan penghasilan yang diperoleh dari kontribusi masyarakat.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bahasa">Bahasa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Sunting bagian: Bahasa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=25" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bahasa"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_di_Iran" title="Bahasa di Iran">Bahasa di Iran</a></div> <p>Mayoritas penduduk berbahasa <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Persia" title="Bahasa Persia">Persia</a>, yang juga merupakan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_resmi" title="Bahasa resmi">bahasa resmi</a> negara. Lainnya termasuk penutur dari sisa <a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Iran" title="Rumpun bahasa Iran">rumpun bahasa Iran</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Indo-Eropa" title="Rumpun bahasa Indo-Eropa">rumpun bahasa Indo-Eropa</a> yang lebih besar, dan bahasa dari etnis lainnya di Iran. </p><p>Di Iran utara, sebagian besar terbatas pada provinsi <a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Gilan" title="Provinsi Gilan">Gilan</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinsi_Mazenderan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Provinsi Mazenderan (halaman belum tersedia)">Mazenderan</a>, bahasa <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Gilaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Gilaki">Gilaki</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Mazenderani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Mazenderani (halaman belum tersedia)">Mazenderani</a> secara luas diucapkan. Mereka memiliki kedekatan dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_di_Kaukasus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa di Kaukasus (halaman belum tersedia)">bahasa Kaukasia</a> tetangga. Di bagian <a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Gilan" title="Provinsi Gilan">Gilan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Talysh" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Talysh">bahasa Talysh</a> juga digunakan secara luas, yang membentang sampai ke negara tetangga <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Kurdi" title="Bahasa Kurdi">Bahasa Kurdi</a> digunakan secara luas di <a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Kurdistan" title="Provinsi Kurdistan">Provinsi Kurdistan</a> dan sekitarnya. Dalam <a href="/wiki/Khuzestan" class="mw-redirect" title="Khuzestan">Khuzestan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dialek_Persia_di_Khuzestan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dialek Persia di Khuzestan (halaman belum tersedia)">banyak dialek Persia yang berbeda</a> dituturkan. <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Luri" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Luri">Bahasa Luri</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Lari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Lari (halaman belum tersedia)">Lari</a> diucapkan di barat daya dan selatan Iran. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Turki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rumpun bahasa Turki (halaman belum tersedia)">Rumpun bahasa Turki</a> dan dialeknya, yang paling penting <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Azerbaijan" title="Bahasa Azerbaijan">Turki Azerbaijan</a> yang sejauh ini bahasa yang paling diucapkan di negara itu setelah Persia,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dituturkan di berbagai wilayah di Iran, tetapi terutama luas dan dominan digunakan di provinsi <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_(Iran)" title="Azerbaijan (Iran)">Azerbaijan</a>. </p><p>Bahasa minoritas penting di Iran termasuk <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Armenia" title="Bahasa Armenia">Armenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Georgia" title="Bahasa Georgia">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Neo-Aram" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Neo-Aram">Neo-Aram</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">Arab</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Khuzestan" title="Bahasa Arab Khuzestan">Arab Khuzi</a> dituturkan oleh orang-orang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_Ahwazi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arab Ahwazi (halaman belum tersedia)">Arab di Khuzestan</a>, dan kelompok yang lebih luas dari <a href="/wiki/Arab_Iran" title="Arab Iran">Arab Iran</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Sirkasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Sirkasia">Bahasa Sirkasia</a> juga pernah digunakan secara luas oleh minoritas besar Sirkasia, namun, karena asimilasi selama bertahun-tahun, tidak ada jumlah yang cukup besar dari Sirkasia yang menuturkan bahasa itu lagi.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Persentase bahasa lisan terus menjadi titik perdebatan, karena banyak memilih bahwa mereka adalah bermotif politik; terutama mengenai etnis terbesar dan terbesar kedua di Iran, Persia dan <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>. Persentase berikut menurut <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a> <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" class="mw-redirect" title="The World Factbook">World Factbook</a>: 53% <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Persia" title="Bahasa Persia">Persia</a>, 16% <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Azerbaijan" title="Bahasa Azerbaijan">Turki Azerbaijan</a>, 10% <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Kurdi" title="Bahasa Kurdi">Kurdi</a>, 7% <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Mazenderani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Mazenderani (halaman belum tersedia)">Mazenderani</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahaxa_Gilaki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahaxa Gilaki (halaman belum tersedia)">Gilaki</a>, 7% <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Luri" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Luri">Luri</a>, 2% <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Turkmen" title="Bahasa Turkmen">Turkmen</a>, 2% <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Baluchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Baluchi">Balochi</a>, 2% <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">Arab</a>, dan 2% sisanya <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Armenia" title="Bahasa Armenia">Armenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Georgia" title="Bahasa Georgia">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Neo-Aram" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Neo-Aram">Neo-Aram</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Sirkasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Sirkasia">Sirkasia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kelompok_etnis">Kelompok etnis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Sunting bagian: Kelompok etnis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=26" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kelompok etnis"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etnis_di_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etnis di Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">Etnis di Iran</a></div> <p>Seperti dengan bahasa lisan, komposisi kelompok etnis juga tetap menjadi titik perdebatan, terutama mengenai kelompok etnis terbesar dan terbesar kedua, Persia dan Azerbaijan, karena kurangnya sensus pemerintah Iran berdasarkan etnis. <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" class="mw-redirect" title="The World Factbook">CIA World Factbook</a> memperkirakan bahwa sekitar 79% dari populasi Iran adalah <a href="/wiki/Etnolinguistik" title="Etnolinguistik">kelompok etno-linguistik</a> <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Eropa" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Indo-Eropa">Indo-Eropa</a> beragam yang terdiri dari penutur <a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Iran" title="Rumpun bahasa Iran">rumpun bahasa Iran</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dengan <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Persia">Persia</a> (termasuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangsa_Mazenderani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bangsa Mazenderani (halaman belum tersedia)">Mazenderani</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Gilak" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilak">Gilak</a>) merupakan 61% dari populasi, <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Kurdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Kurdi">Kurdi</a> 10%, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangsa_Lur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bangsa Lur (halaman belum tersedia)">Lur</a> 6%, dan <a href="/wiki/Suku_Baloch" title="Suku Baloch">Baloch</a> 2%. Masyarakat dari kelompok etno-linguistik lainnya membuat sisanya 21%, dengan <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> 16%, <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Arab">Arab</a> 2%, <a href="/wiki/Turkmen" title="Turkmen">Turkmen</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Turki" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Turki">suku-suku Turki</a> 2%, dan lain-lain 1% (seperti <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Armenia">Armenia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangsa_Talysh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bangsa Talysh (halaman belum tersedia)">Talysh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Georgia">Georgia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangsa_Sirkasia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bangsa Sirkasia (halaman belum tersedia)">Sirkasia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Asiria" title="Bangsa Asiria">Asiria</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Perpustakaan_Kongres" class="mw-redirect" title="Perpustakaan Kongres">Perpustakaan Kongres</a> mengeluarkan perkiraan yang sedikit berbeda: Persia 65% (termasuk Mazenderanis, Gilaks dan talysh), Azerbaijan 16%, Kurdi 7%, Lur 6%, <a href="/wiki/Suku_Baloch" title="Suku Baloch">Baluchi</a> 2%; kelompok-kelompok suku Turki seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suku_Qashqai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suku Qashqai (halaman belum tersedia)">Qashqai</a> 1%, dan Turkmen 1%; dan non-Iran, kelompok non-Turki seperti Armenia, Georgia, Asiria, Sirkasia, dan Arab kurang dari 3%. Ini ditentukan bahwa Persia adalah bahasa pertama minimal 65% dari penduduk negara itu, dan merupakan bahasa kedua bagi sebagian besar 35% sisanya.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Pengunggahan&wpDestFile=Ethnicities_and_religions_in_Iran.png" class="new" title="Berkas:Ethnicities and religions in Iran.png"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="300">Berkas:Ethnicities and religions in Iran.png</span></a><figcaption>Persebaran suku bangsa dan <a href="/wiki/Agama_di_Iran" title="Agama di Iran">Agama</a> di Iran.</figcaption></figure> <p>Estimasi non-pemerintah lainnya mengenai kelompok selain Persia dan Azerbaijan secara kasar <i>congruate</i> dengan The World Factbook dan Perpustakaan Kongres. Namun, banyak estimasi ilmiah dan organisasi mengenai jumlah kedua kelompok berbeda secara signifikan dari sensus disebutkan. Menurut banyak dari mereka, jumlah etnis Azerbaijan di Iran terdiri antara 21,6-30% dari total penduduk, dengan mayoritas pada 25%.<sup class="reference plainlinks nourlexpansion" id="ref_New_America_Foundation"><a href="#endnote_New_America_Foundation">c</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-New_America_Foundation_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_America_Foundation-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference plainlinks nourlexpansion" id="ref_Minority_Rights"><a href="#endnote_Minority_Rights">d</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Minority_Rights_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minority_Rights-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Criticism_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Criticism-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam kasus apapun, populasi terbesar dari bangsa Azerbaijan di dunia hidup di Iran. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agama">Agama</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Sunting bagian: Agama" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=27" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Agama"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Agama_di_Iran" title="Agama di Iran">Agama di Iran</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketidakberagamaan_di_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ketidakberagamaan di Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">Ketidakberagamaan di Iran</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamisasi_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islamisasi Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">Islamisasi Iran</a></div> <p>Secara historis, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_Proto-Indo-Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama Proto-Indo-Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">agama Proto-Iran</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianisme" title="Zoroastrianisme">Zoroastrianisme</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Manichaeisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Manichaeisme">Manichaeisme</a> berikutnya adalah agama yang dominan di Iran, khususnya selama kekaisaran <a href="/wiki/Medes" class="mw-redirect" title="Medes">Median</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Achaemenid" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Achaemenid">Achaemenid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Parthia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Parthia">Parthia</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Sassania" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Sassania">Sassania</a>. Ini berubah setelah jatuhnya Kekaisaran Sassania oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penaklukan_Islam_dari_Persia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penaklukan Islam dari Persia (halaman belum tersedia)">penaklukan Islam dari Iran</a>. Iran adalah Sunni sampai konversi negara (serta orang-orang dari apa yang sekarang negara tetangga Republik Azerbaijan) ke Islam Syiah dengan pemerintahan <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Safawiyah" title="Dinasti Safawiyah">dinasti Safawiyah</a> pada abad ke-16.<sup id="cite_ref-Abdullah2014_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abdullah2014-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hari ini, Islam Syiah <a href="/wiki/Dua_Belas_Imam" title="Dua Belas Imam">Dua Belas Imam</a> adalah <a href="/wiki/Agama_negara" title="Agama negara">agama resmi negara</a>, yang dipeluk sekitar 90% sampai 95%<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> penduduk. Sekitar 4% sampai 8% dari populasi adalah <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim Sunni">Muslim Sunni</a>, terutama <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Iran" title="Kurdistan Iran">Kurdi</a> dan Baloch. Sisanya 2% adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_minoritas_di_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama minoritas di Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">agama minoritas</a> non-Muslim, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Kekristenan_di_Iran" title="Kekristenan di Iran">Kristen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yahudi_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahudi Persia">Yahudi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baha%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Baha'i">Baha'i</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandean">Mandean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yezidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yezidi">Yezidi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yarsani" class="mw-redirect" title="Yarsani">Yarsani</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Zoroaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroaster">Zoroaster</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-saving_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-saving-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yudaisme memiliki sejarah panjang di Iran, kembali ke <a href="/wiki/Nabonidus#Penaklukan_Persia_dari_Babilonia" title="Nabonidus">Penaklukan Achaemenid dari Babilonia</a>. Meskipun banyak yang meninggalkan Iran pada pembentukan Negara Israel dan Revolusi 1979, sekitar 8.756 orang Yahudi tetap di Iran, menurut sensus terakhir.<sup id="cite_ref-IranCensusMurder_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IranCensusMurder-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iran memiliki populasi Yahudi terbesar di Timur Tengah di luar Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sekitar 250.000-370.000 orang Kristen berada di Iran,<sup id="cite_ref-Worldpopulationreview.com_November_29_2015c_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Worldpopulationreview.com_November_29_2015c-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan itu adalah agama minoritas yang terbesar yang diakui di negara ini. Kebanyakan dari latar belakang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orang_Armenia_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orang Armenia Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">Armenia</a> dengan minoritas yang cukup besar dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orang_Asiria_di_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orang Asiria di Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">Asiria</a> juga.<sup id="cite_ref-IRFR2009-Iran_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IRFR2009-Iran-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kristen, Yahudi, Zoroastrianisme, dan Islam Sunni secara resmi diakui oleh pemerintah, dan mendapat kursi di Parlemen Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-Colin_Brock_p_99_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Colin_Brock_p_99-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tapi Agama Bahá'í, yang dikatakan sebagai agama minoritas terbesar non-Muslim di Iran,<sup id="cite_ref-fdih2_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fdih2-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tidak secara resmi diakui, dan telah dianiaya selama keberadaannya di Iran sejak abad ke-19. Sejak Revolusi 1979, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penganiayaan_Bahai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penganiayaan Bahai (halaman belum tersedia)">penganiayaan Bahai</a> telah meningkat dengan eksekusi, pengingkaran hak-hak sipil dan kebebasan, dan penolakan akses ke pendidikan tinggi dan pekerjaan.<sup id="cite_ref-fdih1_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fdih1-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ihrdc_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ihrdc-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pemerintah belum merilis statistik mengenai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketidakberagamaan_di_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ketidakberagamaan di Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">ketidakberagamaan</a>. Namun, jumlah penduduk yang tidak beragama tumbuh dan lebih tinggi di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diaspora_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diaspora Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">diaspora</a>, terutama di kalangan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orang_Amerika_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orang Amerika Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">orang Amerika Iran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-irreligion_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irreligion-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 124px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 122px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Takht-e-soleiman-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kuil Adur Gushnasp"><img alt="Kuil Adur Gushnasp" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Takht-e-soleiman-3.jpg/183px-Takht-e-soleiman-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Takht-e-soleiman-3.jpg/275px-Takht-e-soleiman-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Takht-e-soleiman-3.jpg/366px-Takht-e-soleiman-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1971" data-file-height="1938" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Takht-e_Soleym%C4%81n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Takht-e Soleymān (halaman belum tersedia)">Kuil Adur Gushnasp</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 78.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 76.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:IranShushGrabDaniels3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Makam Daniel"><img alt="Makam Daniel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/IranShushGrabDaniels3.jpg/115px-IranShushGrabDaniels3.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/IranShushGrabDaniels3.jpg/172px-IranShushGrabDaniels3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/IranShushGrabDaniels3.jpg/230px-IranShushGrabDaniels3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2110" data-file-height="3304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Makam_Daniel" title="Makam Daniel">Makam Daniel</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 113.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 111.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Armenian_Monastery_of_Saint_Thaddeus_-_closeup.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Biara Santo Thaddeus"><img alt="Biara Santo Thaddeus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Armenian_Monastery_of_Saint_Thaddeus_-_closeup.jpg/167px-Armenian_Monastery_of_Saint_Thaddeus_-_closeup.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Armenian_Monastery_of_Saint_Thaddeus_-_closeup.jpg/250px-Armenian_Monastery_of_Saint_Thaddeus_-_closeup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Armenian_Monastery_of_Saint_Thaddeus_-_closeup.jpg/333px-Armenian_Monastery_of_Saint_Thaddeus_-_closeup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2983" data-file-height="3221" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biara_Santo_Thaddeus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biara Santo Thaddeus (halaman belum tersedia)">Biara Santo Thaddeus</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Saint_Stephen_Church_-_8614907041.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Biara Santo Stepanos"><img alt="Biara Santo Stepanos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Saint_Stephen_Church_-_8614907041.jpg/270px-Saint_Stephen_Church_-_8614907041.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Saint_Stephen_Church_-_8614907041.jpg/405px-Saint_Stephen_Church_-_8614907041.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Saint_Stephen_Church_-_8614907041.jpg/541px-Saint_Stephen_Church_-_8614907041.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3974" data-file-height="2648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biara_Santo_Stepanos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biara Santo Stepanos (halaman belum tersedia)">Biara Santo Stepanos</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Sheikh_lotfolla.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Masjid Sheikh Lotfollah"><img alt="Masjid Sheikh Lotfollah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Sheikh_lotfolla.jpg/240px-Sheikh_lotfolla.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Sheikh_lotfolla.jpg/360px-Sheikh_lotfolla.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Sheikh_lotfolla.jpg/480px-Sheikh_lotfolla.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Masjid_Sheikh_Lotfollah" title="Masjid Sheikh Lotfollah">Masjid Sheikh Lotfollah</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 178px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 176px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Mosque_of_Jamkaran.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Masjid Jamkaran"><img alt="Masjid Jamkaran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Mosque_of_Jamkaran.png/264px-Mosque_of_Jamkaran.png" decoding="async" width="176" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Mosque_of_Jamkaran.png/397px-Mosque_of_Jamkaran.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Mosque_of_Jamkaran.png/529px-Mosque_of_Jamkaran.png 2x" data-file-width="1035" data-file-height="705" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Masjid_Jamkaran" title="Masjid Jamkaran">Masjid Jamkaran</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 159.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 157.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Imam_reza_shrine_in_Mashhad.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Imam Reza Shrine"><img alt="Imam Reza Shrine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Imam_reza_shrine_in_Mashhad.jpg/236px-Imam_reza_shrine_in_Mashhad.jpg" decoding="async" width="158" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Imam_reza_shrine_in_Mashhad.jpg/354px-Imam_reza_shrine_in_Mashhad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Imam_reza_shrine_in_Mashhad.jpg/472px-Imam_reza_shrine_in_Mashhad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1455" data-file-height="1110" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imam_Reza_Shrine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imam Reza Shrine (halaman belum tersedia)">Imam Reza Shrine</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kota-kota_utama">Kota-kota utama</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Sunting bagian: Kota-kota utama" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=28" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kota-kota utama"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Iran mempunyai tingkat pertumbuhan penduduk di kawasan kota tertinggi di dunia. Dari tahun 1950 hingga tahun 2002, persenan penduduk kota meningkat dari 27% hingga 60%.<sup id="cite_ref-payvand2_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-payvand2-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tourismandtravel_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tourismandtravel-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PBB memperkirakan pada tahun 2030, populasi di kota akan mencapai 80% dari jumlah keseluruhan penduduk Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-tourismandtravel_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tourismandtravel-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tumpuan migrasi dalam negeri pula ialah <a href="/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran">Teheran</a> yang merupakan kota terbesar di Iran. Teheran mempunyai penduduk sebanyak 7.160.094, dan kawasan <a href="/wiki/Metropolis" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Metropolis">metropolisnya</a> pula sebanyak 14 juta. Kebanyakan industri Iran bertumpu di kota ini. Di antaranya ialah industri otomobil, elektronik, dan listrik, pembuatan senjata api, tekstil, dan industri kimia. Berikut adalah 8 kota terbesar Iran beserta jumlah penduduknya. </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <center> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Bazar_Reza_Mashhad_(By_R.Boroujerdi).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Masyhad 2.463.393"><img alt="Masyhad 2.463.393" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Bazar_Reza_Mashhad_%28By_R.Boroujerdi%29.JPG/90px-Bazar_Reza_Mashhad_%28By_R.Boroujerdi%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Bazar_Reza_Mashhad_%28By_R.Boroujerdi%29.JPG/135px-Bazar_Reza_Mashhad_%28By_R.Boroujerdi%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Bazar_Reza_Mashhad_%28By_R.Boroujerdi%29.JPG/180px-Bazar_Reza_Mashhad_%28By_R.Boroujerdi%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="4320" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Masyhad" title="Masyhad">Masyhad</a><br />2.463.393</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Caravansarai_Karaj.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karaj 1.602.350"><img alt="Karaj 1.602.350" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Caravansarai_Karaj.jpg/120px-Caravansarai_Karaj.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Caravansarai_Karaj.jpg/180px-Caravansarai_Karaj.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Caravansarai_Karaj.jpg/240px-Caravansarai_Karaj.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Karaj" title="Karaj">Karaj</a><br />1.602.350</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:40sotoon.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Isfahan 1.600.554"><img alt="Isfahan 1.600.554" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/40sotoon.jpg/120px-40sotoon.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/40sotoon.jpg/180px-40sotoon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/40sotoon.jpg/240px-40sotoon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="699" data-file-height="522" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Isfahan" title="Isfahan">Isfahan</a><br />1.600.554</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Tabriz_Aerial_View.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Tabriz 1.496.319"><img alt="Tabriz 1.496.319" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Tabriz_Aerial_View.JPG/120px-Tabriz_Aerial_View.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Tabriz_Aerial_View.JPG/180px-Tabriz_Aerial_View.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Tabriz_Aerial_View.JPG/240px-Tabriz_Aerial_View.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a><br />1.496.319</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Baghe_Eram_Shiraz_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shiraz 1.307.552"><img alt="Shiraz 1.307.552" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Baghe_Eram_Shiraz_edit.jpg/120px-Baghe_Eram_Shiraz_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Baghe_Eram_Shiraz_edit.jpg/180px-Baghe_Eram_Shiraz_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Baghe_Eram_Shiraz_edit.jpg/240px-Baghe_Eram_Shiraz_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1075" data-file-height="955" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kota_Shiraz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kota Shiraz (halaman belum tersedia)">Shiraz</a><br />1.307.552</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Qom_masjed-e-hazrat-masumeh.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Qom 1.081.745"><img alt="Qom 1.081.745" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Qom_masjed-e-hazrat-masumeh.jpg/90px-Qom_masjed-e-hazrat-masumeh.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Qom_masjed-e-hazrat-masumeh.jpg/135px-Qom_masjed-e-hazrat-masumeh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Qom_masjed-e-hazrat-masumeh.jpg/180px-Qom_masjed-e-hazrat-masumeh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Qom" title="Qom">Qom</a><br />1.081.745</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Ahvaz_Bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ahvaz 832.969"><img alt="Ahvaz 832.969" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Ahvaz_Bridge.jpg/120px-Ahvaz_Bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Ahvaz_Bridge.jpg/180px-Ahvaz_Bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Ahvaz_Bridge.jpg/240px-Ahvaz_Bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1765" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Ahvaz" title="Ahvaz">Ahvaz</a><br />832.969</div> </li> </ul> </center> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Budaya">Budaya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Sunting bagian: Budaya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=29" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Budaya"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Budaya_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Budaya Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">Budaya Iran</a></div> <p>Sebagai negara yang tua, Iran mempunyai sejarah yang panjang dalam <a href="/wiki/Kesenian" class="mw-redirect" title="Kesenian">kesenian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musik" title="Musik">musik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puisi" title="Puisi">puisi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filsafat" title="Filsafat">filsafat</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Ideologi" title="Ideologi">ideologi</a>. </p><p>Kebudayaan Iran telah lama memengaruhi kebudayaan-kebudayaan lain di <a href="/wiki/Timur_Tengah" title="Timur Tengah">Timur Tengah</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Asia_Tengah" title="Asia Tengah">Asia Tengah</a>. Pada masa pra-Islam, Iran adalah salah satu kekaisaran terkuat di dunia karena prestasinya menguasai wilayah dari <a href="/wiki/Asia_Selatan" title="Asia Selatan">Asia Selatan</a> melewati Timur Tengah hingga penjuru <a href="/wiki/Balkan" title="Balkan">Balkan</a> di <a href="/wiki/Eropa" title="Eropa">Eropa</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Mesir" title="Mesir">Mesir</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Persia" title="Bahasa Persia">Bahasa Persia</a>, salah satu bahasa tertua di dunia, berdampak kuat pada perkembangan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Armenia" title="Bahasa Armenia">bahasa Armenia</a>, sementara pemerintahan <a href="/wiki/Koresh_yang_Agung" class="mw-redirect" title="Koresh yang Agung">Koresh yang Agung</a> dicirikan dengan adanya prasasti pertama tentang <a href="/wiki/Hak_asasi_manusia" title="Hak asasi manusia">hak asasi manusia</a> beserta pemulangan <a href="/wiki/Bani_Israil" title="Bani Israil">Bani Israil</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> kembali ke <a href="/wiki/Palestina" title="Palestina">Palestina</a> yang membuatnya dianugerahkan gelar <a href="/wiki/Mesias" title="Mesias">Mesias</a> dan mempengaruhi perkembangan <a href="/wiki/Alkitab_Ibrani" title="Alkitab Ibrani">Alkitab Ibrani</a>. Setelah Islam diperkenalkan, bahasa Persia bukannya lenyap seperti yang terjadi pada bahasa-bahasa lain di Timur Tengah, namun malah menjadi bahasa pertama yang dapat mendobrak dominasi <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">bahasa Arab</a> dalam budaya Islam. Kebanyakan karya tulis Arab diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Persia sebelum diterjemahkan lagi ke bahasa-bahasa lain, dan literatur orisinil Persia juga berkembang pesat; <i>Shahnameh</i>, sebuah karya mengenai sejarah negara Iran yang ditulis <a href="/wiki/Ferdowsi" title="Ferdowsi">Ferdowsi</a> adalah salah satu contoh. Setelah budaya Arab meredup pada akhir <a href="/wiki/Zaman_Kejayaan_Islam" title="Zaman Kejayaan Islam">Zaman Kejayaan Islam</a>, Iran menjadi tempat perantara budaya Islam sebelum disebarkan ke <a href="/wiki/Asia_Tengah" title="Asia Tengah">Asia Tengah</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Asia_Selatan" title="Asia Selatan">Asia Selatan</a>; alhasil, bahasa Persia menjadi bahasa kelas atas di daerah sana, paling tidak sampai <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Turk" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Turk">Bangsa Turk</a> mulai mendominasi kawasan Asia Tengah dan Eropa, dan mereka sekalipun juga terpengaruh, ditunjukkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Turki_Utsmaniyah" title="Bahasa Turki Utsmaniyah">bahasa Turki Utsmaniyah</a>, di mana setengah dari kosakatanya adalah kata serapan dari bahasa Persia. </p><p>Kesusasteraan Iran juga tidak kurang hebatnya. Sastrawan Iran yang terkenal ialah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalal_ad-Din_Muhammad_Rumi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi (halaman belum tersedia)">Rumi</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Saadi" class="mw-disambig" title="Saadi">Saadi</a>. Mereka merupakan ahli <a href="/wiki/Sufi" title="Sufi">Sufi</a>, dan banyak menyumbang dalam puisi-puisi <a href="/wiki/Sufi" title="Sufi">Sufi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=30" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_di_dunia" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar negara di dunia">Daftar negara di dunia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skandal_Iran_Contra" title="Skandal Iran Contra">Skandal Iran Contra</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografi">Bibliografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Sunting bagian: Bibliografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=31" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bibliografi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/pdf/CS_Iran.pdf">Iran: A Country Study</a></i>. 2008, Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>, 354 pp.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMikaberidze2011" class="citation book">Mikaberidze, Alexander (2011). <i>Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia</i>. <b>1</b>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1598843362" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1598843362">1598843362</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conflict+and+Conquest+in+the+Islamic+World%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=1598843362&rft.aulast=Mikaberidze&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFisherAveryHamblyMelville1991" class="citation book">Fisher, William Bayne; Avery, P.; Hambly, G. R. G; Melville, C. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.nl/books?id=H20Xt157iYUC&dq=agha+muhammad+khan+invade+georgia&hl=nl&source=gbs_navlinks_s"><i>The Cambridge History of Iran</i></a>. <b>7</b>. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0521200954" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0521200954">0521200954</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Iran&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0521200954&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=William+Bayne&rft.au=Avery%2C+P.&rft.au=Hambly%2C+G.+R.+G&rft.au=Melville%2C+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.nl%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH20Xt157iYUC%26dq%3Dagha%2Bmuhammad%2Bkhan%2Binvade%2Bgeorgia%26hl%3Dnl%26source%3Dgbs_navlinks_s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRoismanWorthington2011" class="citation book">Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.nl/books?id=QsJ183uUDkMC&pg=PA345&lpg=PA345&dq=Achaemenid+Persians+ruled+balkans&source=bl&ots=K7qasgPG1K&sig=lkiajbVuNcHEbI5Lz3MnvIUBG1U&hl=nl&sa=X&ei=sb6RVP2qHoPUaqeGgZgE&ved=0CEkQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=Achaemenid%20Persians%20ruled%20balkans&f=false"><i>A Companion to Ancient Macedonia</i></a>. John Wiley and Sons. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-44-435163-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-44-435163-7">978-1-44-435163-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Ancient+Macedonia&rft.pub=John+Wiley+and+Sons&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-44-435163-7&rft.aulast=Roisman&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.au=Worthington%2C+Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.nl%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQsJ183uUDkMC%26pg%3DPA345%26lpg%3DPA345%26dq%3DAchaemenid%2BPersians%2Bruled%2Bbalkans%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DK7qasgPG1K%26sig%3DlkiajbVuNcHEbI5Lz3MnvIUBG1U%26hl%3Dnl%26sa%3DX%26ei%3Dsb6RVP2qHoPUaqeGgZgE%26ved%3D0CEkQ6AEwBQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DAchaemenid%2520Persians%2520ruled%2520balkans%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Ubaidillah, M. F. (2022). Emancipating Critical Thinking Skills in a Writing Class: What and How?. <i>Pengantar Dekan</i>, 33.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=32" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/Files/abstract/1390/n_sarshomari90_2.pdf">"Statistical Center of Iran 2011"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistical+Center+of+Iran+2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amar.org.ir%2FPortals%2F0%2FFiles%2Fabstract%2F1390%2Fn_sarshomari90_2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran/">"Explore all countries–Iran"</a>. <i>World Fact Book</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">24 Oktober</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Fact+Book&rft.atitle=Explore+all+countries%E2%80%93Iran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Firan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMFWEOIR-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEOIR_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEOIR_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/April/weo-report?c=429,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2021&ey=2022&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2022"</a>. <i>IMF.org</i>. International Monetary Fund<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMF.org&rft.atitle=World+Economic+Outlook+Database%2C+April+2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2022%2FApril%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D429%2C%26s%3DNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2C%26sy%3D2021%26ey%3D2022%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceC-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceC_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceC_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?locations=IR">"GDP per capita (current US$) - Iran, Islamic Rep. | Data"</a>. <i>data.worldbank.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2022-08-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.worldbank.org&rft.atitle=GDP+per+capita+%28current+US%24%29+-+Iran%2C+Islamic+Rep.+%7C+Data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FNY.GDP.PCAP.CD%3Flocations%3DIR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Data.worldbank.org-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Data.worldbank.org_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150209003326/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/si.pov.gini">"GINI index (World Bank estimate)"</a>. <i>Data.worldbank.org</i>. 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Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Data.worldbank.org&rft.atitle=GINI+index+%28World+Bank+estimate%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2Fsi.pov.gini&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HDI-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HDI_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf">"Human Development Report 2021/2022"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> (dalam bahasa Inggris). <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a>. 8 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2021%2F2022&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.date=2022-09-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fglobal-report-document%2Fhdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120203093100/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html">"Middle East: Iran — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency"</a>. <i>www.cia.gov</i>. 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Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Oktober</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cia.gov&rft.atitle=Middle+East%3A+Iran+%E2%80%94+The+World+Factbook+-+Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fir.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=IISS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IISS (halaman belum tersedia)">IISS</a> Military Balance 2006, Routledge for the IISS, London, 2006, p.187</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081216064203/http://www.mod.ir/">"Salinan arsip"</a>. 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Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2007-05-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Salinan+arsip&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mod.ir%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>IISS Military Balance 2006, Routledge for the IISS, London, 2006</i>, m/s:187</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Military Balance 2006, Routledge for the IISS</i>, London, 2006, m/s:187</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/world/iran/basij.htm">"Niruyeh Moghavemat Basij - Mobilisation Resistance Force"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110430031747/http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/world/iran/basij.htm">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2011-04-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+New+Direction+in+Population+Policy+and+Family+Planning+in+the+Islamic+Republic+of+Iran&rft.aulast=Asia-Pacific+Population+Journal&rft.aufirst=United+Nations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2FDepts%2Fescap%2Fpop%2Fjournal%2Fv10n1a1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/iran/32.htm">"Iran – population"</a>. Countrystudies.us. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161227192909/http://countrystudies.us/iran/32.htm">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2016-12-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iran+%E2%80%93+population&rft.pub=Countrystudies.us&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Firan%2F32.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DW_Persian-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DW_Persian_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw.de/dw/article/0,,16112833,00.html?maca=per-rss-per-all_volltext-5613-xml-mrss">"Iran – کاهش غیرمنتظره نرخ رشد جمعیت در ایران"</a>. DW Persian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200409082819/https://www.dw.com/fa-ir/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4-%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B8%D8%B1%D9%87-%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%AE-%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AF-%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/a-16112833?maca=per-rss-per-all_volltext-5613-xml-mrss">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2020-04-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iran+%E2%80%93+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4+%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B8%D8%B1%D9%87+%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%AE+%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AF+%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AA+%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86&rft.pub=DW+Persian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.de%2Fdw%2Farticle%2F0%2C%2C16112833%2C00.html%3Fmaca%3Dper-rss-per-all_volltext-5613-xml-mrss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bureau-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bureau_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2005. Unpublished work tables for estimating Iran’s mortality. 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Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iran%27s+population+growth+rate+falls+to+1.5+percent%3A+UNFP&rft.aulast=Iran+News&rft.aufirst=Payvand.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.payvand.com%2Fnews%2F04%2Faug%2F1017.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=77107">"Afghanistan-Iran: Iran says it will deport over one million Afghans"</a>. Irinnews.org. 4 March 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110902170454/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=77107">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2011-09-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Afghanistan-Iran%3A+Iran+says+it+will+deport+over+one+million+Afghans&rft.pub=Irinnews.org&rft.date=2008-03-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irinnews.org%2FReport.aspx%3FReportId%3D77107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbcb-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbcb_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">United Nations, <a href="/wiki/UNHCR" class="mw-redirect" title="UNHCR">UNHCR</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/news/NEWS/452b78394.html">"Tripartite meeting on returns to Afghanistan"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181003213837/http://www.unhcr.org/news/NEWS/452b78394.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2018-10-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tripartite+meeting+on+returns+to+Afghanistan&rft.aulast=United+Nations&rft.aufirst=UNHCR&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Fnews%2FNEWS%2F452b78394.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ganji2002-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ganji2002_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Manouchehr Ganji (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NboVl-CeYs0C&pg=PA210"><i>Defying the Iranian Revolution: From a Minister to the Shah to a Leader of Resistance</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. hlm. 210. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-275-97187-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-275-97187-8">978-0-275-97187-8</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230211033456/https://books.google.com/books?id=NboVl-CeYs0C&pg=PA210">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-02-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2016-10-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Defying+the+Iranian+Revolution%3A+From+a+Minister+to+the+Shah+to+a+Leader+of+Resistance&rft.pages=210&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-275-97187-8&rft.au=Manouchehr+Ganji&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNboVl-CeYs0C%26pg%3DPA210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424">"Migration Information Institute: Characteristics of the Iranian Diaspora"</a>. 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Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Migration+Information+Institute%3A+Characteristics+of+the+Iranian+Diaspora&rft.pub=Migrationinformation.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.migrationinformation.org%2FProfiles%2Fdisplay.cfm%3FID%3D424&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://info.worldbank.org/etools/docs/library/77421/june2003/ppt/w1/iran.pdf">"Iran Social Security System"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 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Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iran+Social+Security+System&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft.date=2003&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finfo.worldbank.org%2Fetools%2Fdocs%2Flibrary%2F77421%2Fjune2003%2Fppt%2Fw1%2Firan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Aurelio Mejía (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151216074956/http://aprendeenlinea.udea.edu.co/revistas/index.php/lecturasdeeconomia/article/view/15770/17868">"Is tax funding of health care more likely to be regressive than systems based on social insurance in low and middle-income countries?"</a>. <i>Universidad de Antioquia</i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aprendeenlinea.udea.edu.co/revistas/index.php/lecturasdeeconomia/article/view/15770/17868">versi asli</a> tanggal 2015-12-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul, 2005 <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9186884131" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 91-86884-13-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.nl/books?id=stl97FdyRswC&pg=PA141&lpg=PA141&dq=number+of+circassians+in+iran&source=bl&ots=u_SmExfuC8&sig=2lK8k9IsUQZyjCtdKqIAIr6Rc5M&hl=nl&sa=X&ved=0CDwQ6AEwBDgKahUKEwins7Whz4vGAhVRCNsKHb9pAME#v=onepage&q=number%20of%20circassians%20in%20iran&f=false"><i>Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230211033457/https://books.google.nl/books?id=stl97FdyRswC&pg=PA141&lpg=PA141&dq=number+of+circassians+in+iran&source=bl&ots=u_SmExfuC8&sig=2lK8k9IsUQZyjCtdKqIAIr6Rc5M&hl=nl&sa=X&ved=0CDwQ6AEwBDgKahUKEwins7Whz4vGAhVRCNsKHb9pAME#v=onepage&q=number%20of%20circassians%20in%20iran&f=false">Diarsipkan</a> 2023-02-11 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Facts On File, Incorporated <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/143812676X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-4381-2676-X</a> p 141</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Oberling, Pierre (7 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/georgia-iv--2">"Georgia viii: Georgian communities in Persia"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopaedia_Iranica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Encyclopaedia Iranica (halaman belum tersedia)">Encyclopaedia Iranica</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130517031826/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/georgia-iv--2">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2013-05-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.atitle=Georgia+viii%3A+Georgian+communities+in+Persia&rft.date=2012-02-07&rft.aulast=Oberling&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fgeorgia-iv--2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035542/http://mcha.kbsu.ru/english/m_hist_01E.htm.html">"Circassian"</a>. Official Circassian Association. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mcha.kbsu.ru/english/m_hist_01E.htm.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2016-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Circassian&rft.pub=Official+Circassian+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmcha.kbsu.ru%2Fenglish%2Fm_hist_01E.htm.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Chardin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Chardin (halaman belum tersedia)">Chardin, Sir John</a> (June 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iranian.com/Travelers/June97/Chardin/index.shtml">"Persians: Kind, hospitable, tolerant flattering cheats?"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian.com&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iranian.com (halaman belum tersedia)">The Iranian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19970620173929/http://www.iranian.com/Travelers/June97/Chardin/index.shtml">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 20 June 1997<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Iranian&rft.atitle=Persians%3A+Kind%2C+hospitable%2C+tolerant+flattering+cheats%3F&rft.date=1997-06&rft.aulast=Chardin&rft.aufirst=Sir+John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Firanian.com%2FTravelers%2FJune97%2FChardin%2Findex.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> Excerpted from: <ul><li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Chardin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Chardin (halaman belum tersedia)">Chardin, Sir John</a> (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5jPL0A31H5MC&pg=PA183#v=twopage&q&f=false">"Book 2, Chapter XI: Of the Temper, Manners, and Customs of the Persians: A XVII th. Century Viewpoint"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5jPL0A31H5MC"><i>Travels in Persia, 1673–1677</i></a>. New York: Dover Publications. hlm. 183–197. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780486256368" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780486256368">9780486256368</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/798310290">798310290</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230211033457/https://books.google.com/books?id=5jPL0A31H5MC">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-02-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Book+2%2C+Chapter+XI%3A+Of+the+Temper%2C+Manners%2C+and+Customs+of+the+Persians%3A+A+XVII+th.+Century+Viewpoint&rft.btitle=Travels+in+Persia%2C+1673%E2%80%931677&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=183-197&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F798310290&rft.isbn=9780486256368&rft.aulast=Chardin&rft.aufirst=Sir+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5jPL0A31H5MC%26pg%3DPA183%23v%3Dtwopage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-CIA-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="id" dir="ltr">Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <code><ref></code> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama <code>CIA</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Harmatta in "History of Civilizations of Central Asia", Chapter 14, <i>The Emergence of Indo-Iranians: The Indo-Iranian Languages</i>, ed. by A. H. Dani & V.N. Masson, 1999, p. 357</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121119021206/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html">"The World Factbook: Iran"</a>. <i>CIA</i>. 2012. People and Society. Archived from the original on 19 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA&rft.atitle=The+World+Factbook%3A+Iran&rft.pages=People+and+Society&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fir.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Url tak layak (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Url_tak_layak" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Url tak layak">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/cs/pdf/CS_Iran.pdf#27">"Country Profile: Iran"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Research_Division&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federal Research Division (halaman belum tersedia)">Federal Research Division</a>, <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>. May 2008. hlm. xxvi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190412082039/https://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/cs/pdf/CS_Iran.pdf#27">Diarsipkan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> dari versi asli tanggal 2019-04-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Country+Profile%3A+Iran&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=xxvi&rft.pub=Federal+Research+Division%2C+Library+of+Congress&rft.date=2008-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Frr%2Ffrd%2Fcs%2Fpdf%2FCS_Iran.pdf%2327&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-New_America_Foundation-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-New_America_Foundation_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.terrorfreetomorrow.org/upimagestft/TFT%20Iran%20Survey%20Report%200609.pdf">"Results a new nationwide public opinion survey of Iran"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_America_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New America Foundation (halaman belum tersedia)">New America Foundation</a>. June 12, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130723044939/http://www.terrorfreetomorrow.org/upimagestft/TFT%20Iran%20Survey%20Report%200609.pdf">Diarsipkan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> dari versi asli tanggal 2013-07-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Results+a+new+nationwide+public+opinion+survey+of+Iran&rft.date=2009-06-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.terrorfreetomorrow.org%2Fupimagestft%2FTFT%2520Iran%2520Survey%2520Report%25200609.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Minority_Rights-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Minority_Rights_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minorityrights.org/?lid=5096">"Azeris"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_Rights_Group_International&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minority Rights Group International (halaman belum tersedia)">Minority Rights Group International</a>. 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053530/http://www.minorityrights.org/?lid=5096">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2013-09-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Azeris&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.minorityrights.org%2F%3Flid%3D5096&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">* Shaffer, Brenda (2003). Borders and Brethren: Iran and the Challenge of Azerbaijani Identity. MIT Press. pp. 221–225. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0262194775" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-262-19477-5</a> "There is considerable lack of consensus regarding the number of Azerbaijanis in Iran ... Most conventional estimates of the Azerbaijani population range between one-fifth to one-third of the general population of Iran, the majority claiming one-fourth." – "Azerbaijani student groups in Iran claim that there are 27 million Azerbaijanis residing in Iran." <ul><li>Minahan, James (2002). Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: S-Z. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 1765. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780313323843" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-313-32384-3</a> "Approximately (2002e) 18,500,000 Southern Azeris in Iran, concentrated in the northwestern provinces of East and West Azerbaijan. It is difficult to determine the exact number of Southern Azeris in Iran, as official statistics are not published detailing Iran's ethnic structure. Estimates of the Southern Azeri population range from as low as 12 million up to 40% of the population of Iran – that is, nearly 27 million..."</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rasmus Christian Elling, Minorities in Iran: Nationalism and Ethnicity after Khomeini, Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. Excerpt: "The number of Azeris in Iran is heavily disputed. In 2005, Amanolahi estimated all Turkic-speaking communities in Iran to number no more than 9 million. CIA and Library of congress estimates range from 16 percent to 24 percent – that is, 12–18 million people if we employ the latest total figure for Iran's population (77.8 million). Azeri ethnicsts, on the other hand, argue that overall number is much higher, even as much as 50 percent or more of the total population. Such inflated estimates may have influenced some Western scholars who suggest that up to 30 percent (that is, some 23 million today) Iranians are Azeris." <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rWEbrv5oD8AC&pg=PT33&dq=argue+that+overall+number+is+much+higher,+even+as+much+as+50+percent+azeri&hl=en&sa=X&ei=WVJrUcnJE62g4AO5n4HADw&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230211033457/https://books.google.com/books?id=rWEbrv5oD8AC&pg=PT33&dq=argue+that+overall+number+is+much+higher,+even+as+much+as+50+percent+azeri&hl=en&sa=X&ei=WVJrUcnJE62g4AO5n4HADw&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA">Diarsipkan</a> 2023-02-11 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Criticism-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Criticism_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ali Gheissari. <i>Contemporary Iran: Economy, Society – Politics: Economy, Society, Politics</i>. Page 300. "Azeri ethnonationalist activist, however, claim that number to be 24 million, hence as high as 35 percent of the Iranian population." Oxford University Press. 2 April 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.terrorfreetomorrow.org/upimagestft/TFT%20Iran%20Survey%20Report%200609.pdf">"Iran"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_America_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New America Foundation (halaman belum tersedia)">New America Foundation</a>. June 12, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130723044939/http://www.terrorfreetomorrow.org/upimagestft/TFT%20Iran%20Survey%20Report%200609.pdf">Diarsipkan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> dari versi asli tanggal 2013-07-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Iran&rft.date=2009-06-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.terrorfreetomorrow.org%2Fupimagestft%2FTFT%2520Iran%2520Survey%2520Report%25200609.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Abdullah2014-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Abdullah2014_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="id" dir="ltr">Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <code><ref></code> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama <code>Abdullah2014</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Walter Martin (1 October 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Yra4KhlMBYQC&pg=PA421"><i>Kingdom of the Cults, The</i></a>. Baker Books. hlm. 421. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7642-2821-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7642-2821-6">978-0-7642-2821-6</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230211033458/https://books.google.com/books?id=Yra4KhlMBYQC&pg=PA421">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-02-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2013</span>. <q>Ninety-five percent of Iran's Muslims are Shi'ites.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kingdom+of+the+Cults%2C+The&rft.pages=421&rft.pub=Baker+Books&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.isbn=978-0-7642-2821-6&rft.au=Walter+Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYra4KhlMBYQC%26pg%3DPA421&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bhabani Sen Gupta (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/persiangulfsouth0000unse"><i>The Persian Gulf and South Asia: prospects and problems of inter-regional cooperation</i></a>. South Asian Publishers. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/persiangulfsouth0000unse/page/158">158</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-81-7003-077-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-81-7003-077-5">978-81-7003-077-5</a>. <q>Shias constitute seventy-five percent of the population of the Gulf. Of this, ninety-five percent of Iranians and sixty of Iraqis are Shias.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Persian+Gulf+and+South+Asia%3A+prospects+and+problems+of+inter-regional+cooperation&rft.pages=158&rft.pub=South+Asian+Publishers&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-81-7003-077-5&rft.au=Bhabani+Sen+Gupta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpersiangulfsouth0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-saving-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-saving_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Contrera, Russell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120306012853/http://www.hollandsentinel.com/lifestyle/x1558731033/Saving-the-people-killing-the-faith">"Saving the people, killing the faith"</a>. <i>The Holland Sentinel</i>. Holland, MI. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hollandsentinel.com/lifestyle/x1558731033/Saving-the-people-killing-the-faith">versi asli</a> tanggal 6 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2015-03-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Holland+Sentinel&rft.atitle=Saving+the+people%2C+killing+the+faith&rft.aulast=Contrera&rft.aufirst=Russell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollandsentinel.com%2Flifestyle%2Fx1558731033%2FSaving-the-people-killing-the-faith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IranCensusMurder-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IranCensusMurder_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/jewish-woman-brutally-murdered-in-iran-over-property-dispute/#ixzz3Ac6duaqw">"Jewish woman brutally murdered in Iran over property dispute"</a>. <i>The Times of Israel</i>. November 28, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200430094907/https://www.timesofisrael.com/jewish-woman-brutally-murdered-in-iran-over-property-dispute/#ixzz3Ac6duaqw">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2020-04-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">Aug 16,</span> 2014</span>. <q>A government census published earlier this year indicated there were a mere 8,756 Jews left in Iran</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Jewish+woman+brutally+murdered+in+Iran+over+property+dispute&rft.date=2012-11-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fjewish-woman-brutally-murdered-in-iran-over-property-dispute%2F%23ixzz3Ac6duaqw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/11/26/in-iran-mideast-largest-jewish-population-outside-israel-finds-new-acceptance">"In Iran, Mideast's largest Jewish population outside Israel finds new acceptance by officials"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151014124935/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/11/26/in-iran-mideast-largest-jewish-population-outside-israel-finds-new-acceptance/">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2015-10-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2015-09-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+Iran%2C+Mideast%27s+largest+Jewish+population+outside+Israel+finds+new+acceptance+by+officials&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2F11%2F26%2Fin-iran-mideast-largest-jewish-population-outside-israel-finds-new-acceptance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Worldpopulationreview.com_November_29_2015c-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Worldpopulationreview.com_November_29_2015c_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/iran-population/">"Iran Population 2015"</a>. <i>World Population Review</i>. 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407145139/http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/iran-population/">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2014-04-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">November 29,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Population+Review&rft.atitle=Iran+Population+2015&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldpopulationreview.com%2Fcountries%2Firan-population%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Country Information and Guidance "Christians and Christian converts, Iran" December 2014. p.9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IRFR2009-Iran-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IRFR2009-Iran_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">U.S. State Department (26 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2009/127347.htm">"Iran – International Religious Freedom Report 2009"</a>. The Office of Electronic Information, Bureau of Public Affair. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091029231558/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2009/127347.htm">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2009-10-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iran+%E2%80%93+International+Religious+Freedom+Report+2009&rft.pub=The+Office+of+Electronic+Information%2C+Bureau+of+Public+Affair&rft.date=2009-10-26&rft.au=U.S.+State+Department&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fg%2Fdrl%2Frls%2Firf%2F2009%2F127347.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Colin_Brock_p_99-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Colin_Brock_p_99_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="id" dir="ltr">Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <code><ref></code> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama <code>Colin Brock p 99</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-fdih2-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fdih2_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">International Federation for Human Rights (1 August 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/ir0108a.pdf">"Discrimination against religious minorities in Iran"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. fdih.org. hlm. 6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061031221624/http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/ir0108a.pdf">Diarsipkan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> dari versi asli tanggal 2006-10-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Discrimination+against+religious+minorities+in+Iran&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=fdih.org&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.au=International+Federation+for+Human+Rights&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fidh.org%2FIMG%2Fpdf%2Fir0108a.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fdih1-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fdih1_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">International Federation for Human Rights (1 August 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/ir0108a.pdf">"Discrimination against religious minorities in Iran"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. fdih.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061031221624/http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/ir0108a.pdf">Diarsipkan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> dari versi asli tanggal 2006-10-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Discrimination+against+religious+minorities+in+Iran&rft.pub=fdih.org&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.au=International+Federation+for+Human+Rights&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fidh.org%2FIMG%2Fpdf%2Fir0108a.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ihrdc-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ihrdc_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Iran Human Rights Documentation Center (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070611140854/http://www.iranhrdc.org/english/pdfs/Reports/bahai_report.pdf">"A Faith Denied: The Persecution of the Bahá'ís of Iran"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Iran Human Rights Documentation Center. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranhrdc.org/english/pdfs/Reports/bahai_report.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 2007-06-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Faith+Denied%3A+The+Persecution+of+the+Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%ADs+of+Iran&rft.pub=Iran+Human+Rights+Documentation+Center&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Iran+Human+Rights+Documentation+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranhrdc.org%2Fenglish%2Fpdfs%2FReports%2Fbahai_report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Kamali, Saeed (27 February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/feb/27/bahai-student-expelled-iranian-university">"Bahá'í student expelled from Iranian university 'on grounds of religion<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">'</span>"</a>. Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130705123847/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/feb/27/bahai-student-expelled-iranian-university">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2013-07-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD+student+expelled+from+Iranian+university+%27on+grounds+of+religion%27&rft.pub=Guardian&rft.date=2013-02-27&rft.aulast=Kamali&rft.aufirst=Saeed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Fworld%2F2013%2Ffeb%2F27%2Fbahai-student-expelled-iranian-university&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081221105629/http://paaia.org/galleries/new-gallery/Survey_of_Iranian_Americans_Final_Report_Dec_10%202008.pdf">Public Opinion Survey of Iranian Americans</a>. Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans (PAAIA)/Zogby, December 2008. Retrieved April 11, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-irreligion-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-irreligion_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.payvand.com/news/09/sep/1230.html">"Disparaging Islam and the Iranian-American Identity: To Snuggle or to Struggle"</a>. payvand.com. 21 September 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140508070138/http://www.payvand.com/news/09/sep/1230.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2014-05-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Disparaging+Islam+and+the+Iranian-American+Identity%3A+To+Snuggle+or+to+Struggle&rft.pub=payvand.com&rft.date=2009-09-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.payvand.com%2Fnews%2F09%2Fsep%2F1230.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-payvand2-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-payvand2_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Payvand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.payvand.com/news/03/nov/1135.html">"<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">"</span>Iran: Focus on reverse migration<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</span>"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060326185508/http://www.payvand.com/news/03/nov/1135.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2006-03-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2006-04-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Iran%3A+Focus+on+reverse+migration%22&rft.au=Payvand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.payvand.com%2Fnews%2F03%2Fnov%2F1135.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tourismandtravel-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tourismandtravel_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tourismandtravel_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Cultural Heritage New Agency. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060823183650/http://tourism.chn.ir/en/aboutIran/">"<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">"</span>Tourism and Travel: About Iran<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</span>"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tourism.chn.ir/en/aboutIran/">versi asli</a> tanggal 2006-08-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Tourism+and+Travel%3A+About+Iran%22&rft.au=Cultural+Heritage+New+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftourism.chn.ir%2Fen%2FaboutIran%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIran" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran&action=edit&section=33" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage memiliki panduan wisata <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Iran#Q794" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Iran">Iran</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leader.ir/langs/EN/index.php">Situs Pemimpin Agung</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160311143643/http://www.leader.ir/langs/EN/index.php">Diarsipkan</a> 2016-03-11 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040714094508/http://www.president.ir/eng/">Situs Kepresidenan</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://itto.org/index.asp">Situs resmi pariwisata</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.farhangsara.com/">Farhangsara.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150801120529/http://farhangsara.com/">Diarsipkan</a> 2015-08-01 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ahmadinejad.ir/">Blog Presiden Iran</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071003013439/http://www.ahmadinejad.ir/">Diarsipkan</a> 2007-10-03 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranologyfo.com/low-e01.htm">Perlembagaan Iran</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/nations/Iran">Situs Encyclopaedia Britannica - "Iran"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080522005433/http://www.britannica.com/nations/Iran">Diarsipkan</a> 2008-05-22 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articlenavigation/index.isc">Encyclopædia Iranica</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wikiran.org/">WikIran Encyclopedia</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25847331">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Artikel_yang_terkait_dengan_Iran" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Artikel_yang_terkait_dengan_Iran" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Artikel yang terkait dengan Iran</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <table class="navbox" style="text-align: center; width:80%; font-size:95%; margin:0.5em auto"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:0%; padding-right:5px" rowspan="5"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/50px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/75px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/100px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="width:33%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a> </td> <td style="width:33%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laut_Kaspia" title="Laut Kaspia">Laut Kaspia</a> </td> <td style="width:33%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> </td> <td style="width:0%; padding-left:5px" rowspan="5"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/50px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/75px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/100px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%" rowspan="3"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a> </td> <td style="width:33%"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Utara"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/17px-North.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/26px-North.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/34px-North.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /></span></span> </td> <td style="width:33%" rowspan="3"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%"> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%; text-align:right"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Barat"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/17px-West.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/26px-West.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/34px-West.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /></span><figcaption>Barat</figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="width:0%; text-align: center" nowrap="nowrap">  <b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iran</a></b>   </td> <td style="width:50%; text-align:left"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Timur"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/17px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/26px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/34px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /></span><figcaption>Timur</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Selatan"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/17px-South.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/26px-South.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/34px-South.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Teluk_Persia" title="Teluk Persia">Teluk Persia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teluk_Oman" title="Teluk Oman">Teluk Oman</a> </td> <td style="width:33%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Iran&#124;link=Iran_Iran" style="text-align:left;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #ADFF2F"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Topik_Iran" title="Templat:Topik Iran"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Topik_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Topik Iran (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Topik_Iran&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Iran&#124;link=Iran_Iran" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iran</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ADFF2F;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Iran" title="Sejarah Iran">Sejarah</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arya" title="Arya">Arya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Persia" title="Kekaisaran Persia">Kekaisaran Persia</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah" title="Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah">Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Sasaniyah" title="Kekaisaran Sasaniyah">Kekaisaran Sasaniyah</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_Awal_Islam_di_Persia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah Awal Islam di Persia (halaman belum tersedia)">Sejarah Awal Islam di Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_Safawi" title="Iran Safawi">Monarki Iran</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Safawiyah" title="Dinasti Safawiyah">Dinasti Safawiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Afshariyah" title="Dinasti Afshariyah">Dinasti Afshariyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Zand" title="Dinasti Zand">Dinasti Zand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Qajar" title="Dinasti Qajar">Dinasti Qajar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Pahlavi" title="Dinasti Pahlavi">Dinasti Pahlavi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolusi_Iran" title="Revolusi Iran">Revolusi Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Islam" title="Republik Islam">Republik Islam</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Emblem_of_Iran.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_Iran.svg/100px-Emblem_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_Iran.svg/150px-Emblem_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_Iran.svg/200px-Emblem_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ADFF2F;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politik_Iran" title="Politik Iran">Politik dan Kenegaraan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_penguasa_monarki_Iran" title="Daftar penguasa monarki Iran">Penguasa Monarki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemimpin_Agung_Iran" title="Pemimpin Agung Iran">Pemimpin Agung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presiden_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Presiden Iran">Presiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_Perdana_Menteri_Iran" title="Daftar Perdana Menteri Iran">Perdana Menteri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_luar_negeri_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan luar negeri Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">Hubungan luar negeri Iran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ADFF2F;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geografi_Iran" title="Geografi Iran">Geografi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iklim_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iklim Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">Iklim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_dan_fauna_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flora dan fauna Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">Flora dan Fauna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ADFF2F;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Iran" title="Ekonomi Iran">Ekonomi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perindustrian_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perindustrian Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">Perindustrian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jasa_di_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jasa di Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">Jasa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertambangan_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertambangan Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertambangan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertanian_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertanian Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bursa_Saham_Teheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Bursa Saham Teheran">Bursa Saham Teheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rial_Iran" title="Rial Iran">Rial Iran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ADFF2F;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demografi_Iran" title="Demografi Iran">Demografi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_di_Iran" title="Bahasa di Iran">Bahasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_di_Iran" title="Agama di Iran">Agama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etnik_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etnik Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">Etnik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ADFF2F;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kebudayaan_Iran" title="Kebudayaan Iran">Kebudayaan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesenian_Persia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kesenian Persia (halaman belum tersedia)">Kesenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sastra_Persia" title="Sastra Persia">Sastra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarian_Persia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarian Persia (halaman belum tersedia)">Tarian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arsitektur_Persia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arsitektur Persia (halaman belum tersedia)">Arsitektur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ADFF2F;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komunikasi_dan_transportasi_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komunikasi dan transportasi Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">Komunikasi dan Transportasi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportasi_darat_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transportasi darat Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">Transportasi darat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportasi_laut_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transportasi laut Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">Transportasi Laut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportasi_udara_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transportasi udara Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">Transportasi Udara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telekomunikasi_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telekomunikasi Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">Telekomunikasi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ADFF2F;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Bersenjata_Republik_Islam_Iran" title="Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Islam Iran">Militer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Darat_Iran" title="Angkatan Darat Iran">Angkatan Darat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Laut_Republik_Islam_Iran" title="Angkatan Laut Republik Islam Iran">Angkatan Laut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angkatan_Udara_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angkatan Udara Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">Tentera Udara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tentara_Revolusi_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tentara Revolusi Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">Tentara Revolusi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasukan_Basij&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasukan Basij (halaman belum tersedia)">Pasukan Basij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Program_nuklir_Iran" title="Program nuklir Iran">Program nuklir Iran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Negara_di_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Negara_di_Asia" title="Templat:Negara di Asia"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Negara_di_Asia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Negara di Asia (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Negara_di_Asia&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Negara_di_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_di_Asia" title="Daftar negara di Asia">Negara</a> di <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_berdaulat" title="Daftar negara berdaulat">Negara<br />berdaulat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi">Arab Saudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipina" title="Filipina">Filipina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang">Jepang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamboja" title="Kamboja">Kamboja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirgizstan" title="Kirgizstan">Kirgizstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Selatan" title="Korea Selatan">Korea Selatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Utara" title="Korea Utara">Korea Utara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maladewa" title="Maladewa">Maladewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesir" title="Mesir">Mesir</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapura" title="Singapura">Singapura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siprus" title="Siprus">Siprus</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriah" title="Suriah">Suriah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timor_Leste" title="Timor Leste">Timor Leste</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiongkok" title="Tiongkok">Tiongkok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uni_Emirat_Arab" title="Uni Emirat Arab">Uni Emirat Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaman" title="Yaman">Yaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yordania" title="Yordania">Yordania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_dengan_pengakuan_terbatas" title="Daftar negara dengan pengakuan terbatas">Negara dengan<br />pengakuan terbatas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Artsakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Artsakh">Republik Artsakh</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossetia_Selatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ossetia Selatan">Ossetia Selatan</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negara_Palestina" class="mw-redirect" title="Negara Palestina">Palestina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siprus_Utara" title="Siprus Utara">Siprus Utara</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Tiongkok" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Tiongkok">Republik Tiongkok</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Wilayah_dependensi" title="Wilayah dependensi">Dependensi</a> dan<br />wilayah lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Cocos_(Keeling)" title="Kepulauan Cocos (Keeling)">Kepulauan Cocos (Keeling)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makau" title="Makau">Makau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulau_Natal" title="Pulau Natal">Pulau Natal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Samudra_Hindia_Britania" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah Samudra Hindia Britania">Wilayah Samudra Hindia Britania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>1</sup></span> Terkadang dimasukkan ke <a href="/wiki/Eropa" title="Eropa">Eropa</a>, tergantung definisi perbatasan. <span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>2</sup></span> Terkadang dimasukkan ke <a href="/wiki/Oseania" title="Oseania">Oseania</a>. <span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>3</sup></span> Negara <a href="/wiki/Lintas_benua" class="mw-redirect" title="Lintas benua">lintas benua</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Negara_di_Timur_Tengah" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Timur_Tengah" title="Templat:Timur Tengah"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Timur_Tengah" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Timur Tengah"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Timur_Tengah&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Negara_di_Timur_Tengah" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_di_dunia" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar negara di dunia">Negara</a> di <a href="/wiki/Timur_Tengah" title="Timur Tengah">Timur Tengah</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi">Arab Saudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Irak" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdistan Irak">Kurdistan Irak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesir" title="Mesir">Mesir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negara_Palestina" class="mw-redirect" title="Negara Palestina"><i>Palestina</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jalur_Gaza" title="Jalur Gaza"><i>Gaza</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siprus" title="Siprus">Siprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Turki_Siprus_Utara" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Turki Siprus Utara"><i>Siprus Utara</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriah" title="Suriah">Suriah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rojava" title="Rojava">Federasi Suriah Utara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendudukan_Turki_di_Suriah_utara" class="mw-redirect" title="Pendudukan Turki di Suriah utara">Pendudukan Turki di Suriah utara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uni_Emirat_Arab" title="Uni Emirat Arab">Uni Emirat Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaman" title="Yaman">Yaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yordania" title="Yordania">Yordania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Organisasi_Kerja_Sama_Islam_(OKI)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:OKI" title="Templat:OKI"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:OKI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:OKI (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:OKI&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Organisasi_Kerja_Sama_Islam_(OKI)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Organisasi_Kerja_Sama_Islam" title="Organisasi Kerja Sama Islam">Organisasi Kerja Sama Islam (OKI)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anggota</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Aljazair" title="Aljazair">Aljazair</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi">Arab Saudi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunei">Brunei</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gambia" title="Gambia">Gambia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Guinea_Bissau" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinea Bissau">Guinea Bissau</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iran</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Jibuti" title="Jibuti">Jibuti</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun">Kamerun</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Komoro" title="Komoro">Komoro</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kirgizstan" title="Kirgizstan">Kirgizstan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Maladewa" title="Maladewa">Maladewa</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Maroko" title="Maroko">Maroko</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mesir" title="Mesir">Mesir</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik">Mozambik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Negara_Palestina" class="mw-redirect" title="Negara Palestina">Palestina</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pantai_Gading" title="Pantai Gading">Pantai Gading</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Suriah" title="Suriah">Suriah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Uni_Emirat_Arab" title="Uni Emirat Arab">Uni Emirat Arab</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Yaman" title="Yaman">Yaman</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Yordania" title="Yordania">Yordania</a> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pengamat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Negara</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Afrika_Tengah" title="Afrika Tengah">Afrika Tengah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_dan_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia dan Herzegovina">Bosnia dan Herzegovina</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Republik_Turki_Siprus_Utara" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Turki Siprus Utara">Siprus Turki</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisasi/komunitas muslim</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Front_Pembebasan_Nasional_Moro" title="Front Pembebasan Nasional Moro">Front Pembebasan Nasional Moro</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institusi Islam</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Uni_Parlemen_Negara_Anggota_OKI" title="Uni Parlemen Negara Anggota OKI">Uni Parlemen Negara Anggota OKI</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisasi internasional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Gerakan_Non-Blok" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerakan Non-Blok">Gerakan Non-Blok</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Liga_Arab" title="Liga Arab">Liga Arab</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Organisasi_Kerja_Sama_Ekonomi" title="Organisasi Kerja Sama Ekonomi">Organisasi Kerja Sama Ekonomi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa">Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Uni_Afrika" title="Uni Afrika">Uni Afrika</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q794#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q794#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengawasan_otoritas" title="Bantuan:Pengawasan otoritas">Pengawasan otoritas</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q794#identifiers" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4027653-3">Integrated Authority File (Jerman)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISNI_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISNI (identifier)">ISNI</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000404539679">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIAF_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="VIAF (identifier)">VIAF</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/149669363">1</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/2945159337534613150000">2</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/149669363">WorldCat (via VIAF)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perpustakaan nasional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90221401">Norwegia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000270238">Chili</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX451360">Spanyol</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb153420449">Prancis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb153420449">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=12589">Ukraina</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79039880">Amerika Serikat</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00564213">Jepang</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge131735&CON_LNG=ENG">Republik Ceko</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35236304">Australia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000975032&local_base=nlx10">Israel</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/497_633">Vatikan</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Galeri seni dan museum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/collection/artist/12696/">Victoria</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lembaga penelitian seni</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/03ebe7c5-ec5a-4b92-85e6-28f8c4ffbb97">KulturNav (Norway)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basis data ilmiah</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01363859?l=en">CiNii (Jepang)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1204889/">Faceted Application of Subject Terminology</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/003410">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a href="/wiki/MBAREA_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="MBAREA (identifier)">MusicBrainz</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/a63fbc7f-af00-33c7-8616-3e86df9fc16b">area</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044493">National Archives (US)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUDOC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SUDOC (identifier)">SUDOC (Prancis)</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026488655">1</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026488930">2</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/iran">Encyclopedia of Islam</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trove_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trove (identifier)">Trove (Australia)</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/876427">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/vePVRKUd">UK Parliament</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iran&oldid=25532443">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iran&oldid=25532443</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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