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fluid</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: biological fluid"> <meta name="keywords" content="biological fluid"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="biological fluid"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 4415</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: biological fluid</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4235</span> Numerical Study of Laminar Mixed Convection Heat Transfer of a Nanofluid in a Concentric Annular Tube Using Two-Phase Mixture Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roghayyeh%20Motallebzadeh">Roghayyeh Motallebzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahin%20Hajizadeh"> Shahin Hajizadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Reza%20Ghasemi"> Mohammad Reza Ghasemi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Laminar mixed convection heat transfer of a nanofluid with prescribed constant heat flux on the inner wall of horizontal annular tube has been studied numerically based on two-phase mixture model in different Rayleigh numbers and Azimuth angles. Effects of applying of different volume fractions of Al2O3 nanoparticles in water as a base fluid on hydrodynamic and thermal behaviours of the fluid flow such as axial velocity, secondary flow, temperature, heat transfer coefficient and friction coefficient at the inner and outer wall region, has been investigated. Conservation equations in elliptical form has been utilized and solved in three dimensions for a steady flow. It is observed that, there is a good agreement between results in this work and previously published experimental and numerical works on mixed convection in horizontal annulus. These particles cause to increase convection heat transfer coefficient of the fluid, meanwhile there is no considerable effect on friction coefficient. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buoyancy%20force" title="buoyancy force">buoyancy force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laminar%20mixed%20convection" title=" laminar mixed convection"> laminar mixed convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixture%20model" title=" mixture model"> mixture model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-fluid" title=" nano-fluid"> nano-fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-phase" title=" two-phase"> two-phase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6099/numerical-study-of-laminar-mixed-convection-heat-transfer-of-a-nanofluid-in-a-concentric-annular-tube-using-two-phase-mixture-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6099.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">469</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4234</span> Numerical Study of Flapping-Wing Flight of Hummingbird Hawkmoth during Hovering: Longitudinal Dynamics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yao%20Jie">Yao Jie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yeo%20Khoon%20Seng"> Yeo Khoon Seng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent decades, flapping wing aerodynamics has attracted great interest. Understanding the physics of biological flyers such as birds and insects can help improve the performance of micro air vehicles. The present research focuses on the aerodynamics of insect-like flapping wing flight with the approach of numerical computation. Insect model of hawkmoth is adopted in the numerical study with rigid wing assumption currently. The numerical model integrates the computational fluid dynamics of the flow and active control of wing kinematics to achieve stable flight. The computation grid is a hybrid consisting of background Cartesian nodes and clouds of mesh-free grids around immersed boundaries. The generalized finite difference method is used in conjunction with single value decomposition (SVD-GFD) in computational fluid dynamics solver to study the dynamics of a free hovering hummingbird hawkmoth. The longitudinal dynamics of the hovering flight is governed by three control parameters, i.e., wing plane angle, mean positional angle and wing beating frequency. In present work, a PID controller works out the appropriate control parameters with the insect motion as input. The controller is adjusted to acquire desired maneuvering of the insect flight. The numerical scheme in present study is proven to be accurate and stable to simulate the flight of the hummingbird hawkmoth, which has relatively high Reynolds number. The PID controller is responsive to provide feedback to the wing kinematics during the hovering flight. The simulated hovering flight agrees well with the real insect flight. The present numerical study offers a promising route to investigate the free flight aerodynamics of insects, which could overcome some of the limitations of experiments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics" title="aerodynamics">aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flight%20control" title=" flight control"> flight control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics%20%28CFD%29" title=" computational fluid dynamics (CFD)"> computational fluid dynamics (CFD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flapping-wing%20flight" title=" flapping-wing flight"> flapping-wing flight</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58518/numerical-study-of-flapping-wing-flight-of-hummingbird-hawkmoth-during-hovering-longitudinal-dynamics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58518.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4233</span> Mineralogy and Fluid Inclusion Study of the Kebbouch South Pb-Zn Deposit, Northwest Tunisia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imen%20Salhi">Imen Salhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salah%20Bouhlel"> Salah Bouhlel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bernrd%20Lehmann"> Bernrd Lehmann</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Kebbouch South Pb-Zn deposit is located 20 km to the east of El Kef (NW) in the southeastern part of the Triassic diapir belt in the Tunisian Atlas. The deposit is composed of sulfide and non-sulfide zinc-lead ore bodies. The aim of this study is to provide petrographic results, mineralogy, as well as fluid inclusion data of the carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn Kebbouch South deposit. Mineralization forms two major ore types: (1) lenticular dolostones and clay breccias in the contact zone between Triassic and Upper Cretaceous strata;, it consists of small-scale lenticular, strata-or fault-controlled mineralization mainly composed of marcasite, galena, sphalerite, pyrite, and (2) stratiform mineralization in the Bahloul Formation (Upper Cenomanian-Lower Turonian) consisting of framboidal and cubic pyrite, disseminated sphalerite and galena. Non-metalliferous and/or gangue minerals are represented by dolomite, calcite, celestite and quartz. Fluid inclusion petrography study has been carried out on calcite and celestite. Fluid inclusions hosted in celestite are less than 20 µm large and show two types of aqueous inclusions: monophase liquid aqueous inclusions (L), abundant and very small, generally less than 15 µm and liquid-rich two phase inclusions (L+V). The gas phase forms a mobile vapor bubble. Microthermometric analyses of (L+V) fluid inclusions for celestite indicate that the homogenization temperature ranges from 121 to 156°C, and final ice melting temperatures are in the range of – 19 to -9°C corresponding to salinities of 12 to 21 wt% NaCl eq. (L+V) fluid inclusions from calcite are frequently localized along the growth zones; their homogenization temperature ranges from 96 to 164°C with final ice melting temperatures between -16 and -7°C corresponding to salinities of 9 to 19 wt% NaCl eq. According to mineralogical and fluid inclusion studies, mineralization in the Pb – Zn Kebbouch South deposit formed between 96 to 164°C with salinities ranging from 9 to 21 wt% NaCl eq. A contribution of basinal brines in the ore formation of the kebbouch South Pb–Zn deposit is likely. The deposit is part of the family of MVT deposits associated with the salt diapir environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluid%20inclusion" title="fluid inclusion">fluid inclusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kebbouch%20South" title=" Kebbouch South"> Kebbouch South</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineralogy" title=" mineralogy"> mineralogy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MVT%20deposits" title=" MVT deposits"> MVT deposits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pb-Zn" title=" Pb-Zn"> Pb-Zn</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68088/mineralogy-and-fluid-inclusion-study-of-the-kebbouch-south-pb-zn-deposit-northwest-tunisia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68088.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4232</span> A Fractional Derivative Model to Quantify Non-Darcy Flow in Porous and Fractured Media</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Golden%20J.%20Zhang">Golden J. Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dongbao%20Zhou"> Dongbao Zhou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Darcy’s law is the fundamental theory in fluid dynamics and engineering applications. Although Darcy linearity was found to be valid for slow, viscous flow, non-linear and non-Darcian flow has been well documented under both small and large velocity fluid flow. Various classical models were proposed and used widely to quantify non-Darcian flow, including the well-known Forchheimer, Izbash, and Swartzendruber models. Applications, however, revealed limitations of these models. Here we propose a general model built upon the Caputo fractional derivative to quantify non-Darcian flow for various flows (laminar to turbulence).Real-world applications and model comparisons showed that the new fractional-derivative model, which extends the fractional model proposed recently by Zhou and Yang (2018), can capture the non-Darcian flow in the relatively small velocity in low-permeability deposits and the relatively high velocity in high-permeability sand. A scale effect was also identified for non-Darcian flow in fractured rocks. Therefore, fractional calculus may provide an efficient tool to improve classical models to quantify fluid dynamics in aquatic environments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractional%20derivative" title="fractional derivative">fractional derivative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=darcy%E2%80%99s%20law" title=" darcy’s law"> darcy’s law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-darcian%20flow" title=" non-darcian flow"> non-darcian flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluid%20dynamics" title=" fluid dynamics"> fluid dynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154329/a-fractional-derivative-model-to-quantify-non-darcy-flow-in-porous-and-fractured-media" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154329.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4231</span> Radiation Effect on MHD Casson Fluid Flow over a Power-Law Stretching Sheet with Chemical Reaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Motahar%20Reza">Motahar Reza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajni%20Chahal"> Rajni Chahal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neha%20Sharma"> Neha Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article addresses the boundary layer flow and heat transfer of Casson fluid over a nonlinearly permeable stretching surface with chemical reaction in the presence of variable magnetic field. The effect of thermal radiation is considered to control the rate of heat transfer at the surface. Using similarity transformations, the governing partial differential equations of this problem are reduced into a set of non-linear ordinary differential equations which are solved by finite difference method. It is observed that the velocity at fixed point decreases with increasing the nonlinear stretching parameter but the temperature increases with nonlinear stretching parameter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boundary%20layer%20flow" title="boundary layer flow">boundary layer flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20stretching" title=" nonlinear stretching"> nonlinear stretching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Casson%20fluid" title=" Casson fluid"> Casson fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation" title=" radiation"> radiation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46451/radiation-effect-on-mhd-casson-fluid-flow-over-a-power-law-stretching-sheet-with-chemical-reaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46451.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4230</span> Numerical Simulation of Lifeboat Launching Using Overset Meshing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alok%20Khaware">Alok Khaware</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinay%20Kumar%20Gupta"> Vinay Kumar Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean%20Noel%20Pederzani"> Jean Noel Pederzani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lifeboat launching from marine vessel or offshore platform is one of the important areas of research in offshore applications. With the advancement of computational fluid dynamic simulation (CFD) technology to solve fluid induced motions coupled with Six Degree of Freedom (6DOF), rigid body dynamics solver, it is now possible to predict the motion of the lifeboat precisely in different challenging conditions. Traditionally dynamic remeshing approach is used to solve this kind of problems, but remeshing approach has some bottlenecks to control good quality mesh in transient moving mesh cases. In the present study, an overset method with higher-order interpolation is used to simulate a lifeboat launched from an offshore platform into calm water, and volume of fluid (VOF) method is used to track free surface. Overset mesh consists of a set of overlapping component meshes, which allows complex geometries to be meshed with lesser effort. Good quality mesh with local refinement is generated at the beginning of the simulation and stay unchanged throughout the simulation. Overset mesh accuracy depends on the precise interpolation technique; the present study includes a robust and accurate least square interpolation method and results obtained with overset mesh shows good agreement with experiment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title="computational fluid dynamics">computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20surface%20flow" title=" free surface flow"> free surface flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifeboat%20launching" title=" lifeboat launching"> lifeboat launching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overset%20mesh" title=" overset mesh"> overset mesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volume%20of%20fluid" title=" volume of fluid"> volume of fluid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76173/numerical-simulation-of-lifeboat-launching-using-overset-meshing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76173.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4229</span> Validation of a Fluid-Structure Interaction Model of an Aortic Dissection versus a Bench Top Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Khanafer">K. Khanafer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this investigation was to validate the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) model of type B aortic dissection with our experimental results from a bench-top-model. Another objective was to study the relationship between the size of a septectomy that increases the outflow of the false lumen and its effect on the values of the differential of pressure between true lumen and false lumen. FSI analysis based on Galerkin’s formulation was used in this investigation to study flow pattern and hemodynamics within a flexible type B aortic dissection model using boundary conditions from our experimental data. The numerical results of our model were verified against the experimental data for various tear size and location. Thus, CFD tools have a potential role in evaluating different scenarios and aortic dissection configurations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aortic%20dissection" title="aortic dissection">aortic dissection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluid-structure%20interaction" title=" fluid-structure interaction"> fluid-structure interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20vitro%20model" title=" in vitro model"> in vitro model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical" title=" numerical"> numerical</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74636/validation-of-a-fluid-structure-interaction-model-of-an-aortic-dissection-versus-a-bench-top-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74636.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4228</span> Blood Flow in Stenosed Arteries: Analytical and Numerical Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shashi%20Sharma">Shashi Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uaday%20Singh"> Uaday Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20K.%20Katiyar"> V. K. Katiyar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Blood flow through a stenosed tube, which is of great interest to mechanical engineers as well as medical researchers. If stenosis exists in an artery, normal blood flow is disturbed. The deposition of fatty substances, cholesterol, cellular waste products in the inner lining of an artery results to plaque formation .The present study deals with a mathematical model for blood flow in constricted arteries. Blood is considered as a Newtonian, incompressible, unsteady and laminar fluid flowing in a cylindrical rigid tube along the axial direction. A time varying pressure gradient is applied in the axial direction. An analytical solution is obtained using the numerical inversion method for Laplace Transform for calculating the velocity profile of fluid as well as particles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood%20flow" title="blood flow">blood flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stenosis" title=" stenosis"> stenosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Newtonian%20fluid" title=" Newtonian fluid"> Newtonian fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20biology%20and%20genetics" title=" medical biology and genetics"> medical biology and genetics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25427/blood-flow-in-stenosed-arteries-analytical-and-numerical-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25427.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">516</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4227</span> Magneto-Solutal Convection in Newtonian Fluid Layer with Modulated Gravity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Om%20Prakash%20Keshri">Om Prakash Keshri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anand%20Kumar"> Anand Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinod%20K.%20Gupta"> Vinod K. Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present study, the effect of gravity modulation on the onset of convection in viscous fluid layer under the influence of induced magnetic field, salted from above on the boundaries, has been investigated. Linear and nonlinear stability analysis has been performed. A linear stability analysis is performed to show that the gravity modulation can significantly affect the stability limits of the system. A method based on small amplitude of the modulation is used to compute the critical value of Rayleigh number and wave number. The effect of Smith number, salute Rayleigh number and magnetic Prandtl number on the stability of the system is investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscous%20fluid" title="viscous fluid">viscous fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induced%20magnetic%20field" title=" induced magnetic field"> induced magnetic field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravity%20modulation" title=" gravity modulation"> gravity modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salute%20convection" title=" salute convection"> salute convection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98873/magneto-solutal-convection-in-newtonian-fluid-layer-with-modulated-gravity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98873.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4226</span> Hydrofracturing for Low Temperature Waxy Reservoirs: Problems and Solutions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Megh%20Patel">Megh Patel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arjun%20Chauhan"> Arjun Chauhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jay%20Thakkar"> Jay Thakkar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydrofracturing is the most prominent but at the same time expensive, highly skilled and time consuming well stimulation technique. Due to high cost and skilled labor involved, it is generally carried out as the consummate solution among other well stimulation techniques. Considering today’s global petroleum market, no gaffe or complications could be entertained during fracturing, as it would further hamper the current dwindling economy. The literature would be dealing with the challenges encountered during fracturing low temperature waxy reservoirs and the prominent solutions to overcome such teething troubles. During fracturing treatment for, shallow and high freezing point waxy oil reservoirs, the first line problems are to overcome uncompleted breakdown, uncompleted cleanup of fracturing fluids and cold damages to the formations by injecting cold fluid (fluid at ambient conditions). Injecting fracturing fluids at ambient conditions have the tendency to decrease the near wellbore reservoir temperature below the freezing point of oil reservoir and hence leading to wax deposition around the wellbore thereby hampering the fluid production as well as fracture propagation. To overcome such problems, solutions such as hot fracturing fluid injection, encapsulated heat generating hydraulic fracturing fluid system, and injection of wax inhibitor techniques would be discussed. The paper would also be throwing light on changes in rheological properties occurred during heating fracturing fluids and solutions to deal with it taking economic considerations into account. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrofracturing" title="hydrofracturing">hydrofracturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waxy%20reservoirs" title=" waxy reservoirs"> waxy reservoirs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20temperature" title=" low temperature"> low temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscosity" title=" viscosity"> viscosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crosslinkers" title=" crosslinkers"> crosslinkers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57566/hydrofracturing-for-low-temperature-waxy-reservoirs-problems-and-solutions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57566.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4225</span> Three Dimensional Dynamic Analysis of Water Storage Tanks Considering FSI Using FEM</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Mahdi%20S.%20Kolbadi">S. Mahdi S. Kolbadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramezan%20Ali%20Alvand"> Ramezan Ali Alvand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afrasiab%20Mirzaei"> Afrasiab Mirzaei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, to investigate and analyze the seismic behavior of concrete in open rectangular water storage tanks in two-dimensional and three-dimensional spaces, the Finite Element Method has been used. Through this method, dynamic responses can be investigated together in fluid storages system. Soil behavior has been simulated using tanks boundary conditions in linear form. In this research, in addition to flexibility of wall, the effects of fluid-structure interaction on seismic response of tanks have been investigated to account for the effects of flexible foundation in linear boundary conditions form, and a dynamic response of rectangular tanks in two-dimensional and three-dimensional spaces using finite element method has been provided. The boundary conditions of both rigid and flexible walls in two-dimensional finite element method have been considered to investigate the effect of wall flexibility on seismic response of fluid and storage system. Furthermore, three-dimensional model of fluid-structure interaction issue together with wall flexibility has been analyzed under the three components of earthquake. The obtained results show that two-dimensional model is also accurately near to the results of three-dimension as well as flexibility of foundation leads to absorb received energy and relative reduction of responses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20behavior" title="dynamic behavior">dynamic behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20wall" title=" flexible wall"> flexible wall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluid-structure%20interaction" title=" fluid-structure interaction"> fluid-structure interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20storage%20tank" title=" water storage tank"> water storage tank</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83646/three-dimensional-dynamic-analysis-of-water-storage-tanks-considering-fsi-using-fem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83646.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4224</span> Circadian-Clock Controlled Drug Transport Across Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andr%C3%A9%20Furtado">André Furtado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafael%20Mineiro"> Rafael Mineiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isabel%20Gon%C3%A7alves"> Isabel Gonçalves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cec%C3%ADlia%20Santos"> Cecília Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Telma%20Quintela"> Telma Quintela</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of therapies for central nervous system (CNS) disorders is one of the biggest challenges of current pharmacology, given the unique features of brain barriers, which limit drug delivery. Efflux transporters (ABC transporters) expressed at the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB), are the main obstacles for the delivery of therapeutic compounds into the CNS, compromising the effective treatment of brain cancer, brain metastasis from peripheral cancers, or even neurodegenerative disorders. It is thus extremely important to understand the regulation of these transporters for reducing their expression while treating a brain disorder or choosing the most appropriate conditions for drug administration. Based on the fact that the BCSFB have fine-tuned biological rhythms, studying the circadian variation of drug transport processes is critical for choosing the most appropriate time of the day for drug administration. In our study, using an in vitro model of the BCSFB, we characterized the circadian transport profile of methotrexate (MTX) and donepezil (DNPZ), two drugs involved in the treatment of cancer and Alzheimer’s Disease symptoms, respectively. We found that MTX is transported across the basal and apical membranes of the BCSFB in a circadian way. The circadian pattern of an ABC transporter, Abcc4, might be partially responsible for MTX circadian transport. Furthermore, regarding the DNPZ transport study, we observed that the regulation of Abcg2 expression by the circadian rhythm will impact the circadian-dependent transport of DNPZ across the BCSFB. Overall, our results will contribute to the current knowledge on brain pharmacoresistance at the BCSFB by disclosing how circadian rhythms control drug delivery to the brain, setting the grounds for a potential application of chronotherapy to brain diseases to enhance the efficacy of medications and minimize their side effects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood-cerebrospinal%20fluid%20barrier" title="blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier">blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ABC%20transporters" title=" ABC transporters"> ABC transporters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20transport" title=" drug transport"> drug transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronotherapy" title=" chronotherapy"> chronotherapy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193438/circadian-clock-controlled-drug-transport-across-blood-cerebrospinal-fluid-barrier" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193438.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">13</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4223</span> Study of the Design and Simulation Work for an Artificial Heart</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Eltayeb%20Salih%20Elamin">Mohammed Eltayeb Salih Elamin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study discusses the concept of the artificial heart using engineering concepts, of the fluid mechanics and the characteristics of the non-Newtonian fluid. For the purpose to serve heart patients and improve aspects of their lives and since the Statistics review according to world health organization (WHO) says that heart disease and blood vessels are the first cause of death in the world. Statistics shows that 30% of the death cases in the world by the heart disease, so simply we can consider it as the number one leading cause of death in the entire world is heart failure. And since the heart implantation become a very difficult and not always available, the idea of the artificial heart become very essential. So it’s important that we participate in the developing this idea by searching and finding the weakness point in the earlier designs and hoping for improving it for the best of humanity. In this study a pump was designed in order to pump blood to the human body and taking into account all the factors that allows it to replace the human heart, in order to work at the same characteristics and the efficiency of the human heart. The pump was designed on the idea of the diaphragm pump. Three models of blood obtained from the blood real characteristics and all of these models were simulated in order to study the effect of the pumping work on the fluid. After that, we study the properties of this pump by using Ansys15 software to simulate blood flow inside the pump and the amount of stress that it will go under. The 3D geometries modeling was done using SOLID WORKS and the geometries then imported to Ansys design modeler which is used during the pre-processing procedure. The solver used throughout the study is Ansys FLUENT. This is a tool used to analysis the fluid flow troubles and the general well-known term used for this branch of science is known as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Basically, Design Modeler used during the pre-processing procedure which is a crucial step before the start of the fluid flow problem. Some of the key operations are the geometry creations which specify the domain of the fluid flow problem. Next is mesh generation which means discretization of the domain to solve governing equations at each cell and later, specify the boundary zones to apply boundary conditions for the problem. Finally, the pre–processed work will be saved at the Ansys workbench for future work continuation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Artificial%20heart" title="Artificial heart">Artificial heart</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamic%20%20%20heart%20chamber" title=" computational fluid dynamic heart chamber"> computational fluid dynamic heart chamber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design" title=" design"> design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pump" title=" pump "> pump </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33147/study-of-the-design-and-simulation-work-for-an-artificial-heart" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33147.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">459</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4222</span> Laser Keratoplasty in Human Eye Considering the Fluid Aqueous Humor and Vitreous Humor Fluid Flow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dara%20Singh">Dara Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keikhosrow%20Firouzbakhsh"> Keikhosrow Firouzbakhsh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Taghi%20Ahmadian"> Mohammad Taghi Ahmadian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, conventional laser Keratoplasty surgeries in the human eye are studied. For this purpose, a validated 3D finite volume model of the human eye is introduced. In this model the fluid flow has also been considered. The discretized domain of the human eye incorporates a bio-heat transfer equation coupled with a Boussinesq equation. Both continuous and pulsed lasers have been modeled and the results are compared. Moreover, two different conventional surgical positions that are upright and recumbent are compared for these laser therapies. The simulation results show that in these conventional surgeries, the temperature rises above the critical values at the laser insertion areas. However, due to the short duration and the localized nature, the potential damages are restricted to very small regions and can be ignored. The conclusion is that the present day lasers are acceptably safe to the human eye. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eye" title="eye">eye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat-transfer" title=" heat-transfer"> heat-transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=keratoplasty%20laser" title=" keratoplasty laser"> keratoplasty laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surgery" title=" surgery"> surgery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60990/laser-keratoplasty-in-human-eye-considering-the-fluid-aqueous-humor-and-vitreous-humor-fluid-flow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60990.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">273</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4221</span> Numerical Investigation of Slot Die Coating Based on VOF Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhidi%20Lei">Zhidi Lei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xixi%20Cai"> Xixi Cai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jue%20Ding"> Jue Ding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peifen%20Weng"> Peifen Weng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaowei%20Li"> Xiaowei Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the process of preparing thin films by chemical solution method, the uniformity of gel coating has a great influence on the subsequent film thickness. Based on a coating device, the research tracks the interface development of gas-liquid flow by volume of fluid method (VOF). The effects of fluid viscosity and wall wetting property for the shape and position of the coating window are discussed in the process of slot die coating. The result shows that downstream contact lines gets closer to the corner with the increase of fluid viscosity. When the viscosity increases from 0.2Pa∙s to 0.3Pa∙s, 18.2% of the vortex region area will be reduced. With the static contact angle of upper die head surface (θ_sd) increasing, X_u decreased gradually which cause the instability changes of upstream surface. Also, θ_sd increasing brings the reduction of vortex region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=film%20growth" title="film growth">film growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vortex" title=" vortex"> vortex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VOF" title=" VOF"> VOF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slot%20die%20coating" title=" slot die coating"> slot die coating</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27342/numerical-investigation-of-slot-die-coating-based-on-vof-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27342.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">373</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4220</span> Laminar Periodic Vortex Shedding over a Square Cylinder in Pseudoplastic Fluid Flow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shubham%20Kumar">Shubham Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaitanya%20Goswami"> Chaitanya Goswami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudipto%20Sarkar"> Sudipto Sarkar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pseudoplastic (n < 1, n being the power index) fluid flow can be found in food, pharmaceutical and process industries and has very complex flow nature. To our knowledge, inadequate research work has been done in this kind of flow even at very low Reynolds numbers. Here, in the present computation, we have considered unsteady laminar flow over a square cylinder in pseudoplastic flow environment. For Newtonian fluid flow, this laminar vortex shedding range lies between Re = 47-180. In this problem, we consider Re = 100 (Re = U∞ a/ ν, U∞ is the free stream velocity of the flow, a is the side of the cylinder and ν is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid). The pseudoplastic fluid range has been chosen from close to the Newtonian fluid (n = 0.8) to very high pseudoplasticity (n = 0.1). The flow domain is constituted using Gambit 2.2.30 and this software is also used to generate mesh and to impose the boundary conditions. For all places, the domain size is considered as 36a × 16a with 280 ×192 grid point in the streamwise and flow normal directions respectively. The domain and the grid points are selected after a thorough grid independent study at n = 1.0. Fine and equal grid spacing is used close to the square cylinder to capture the upper and lower shear layers shed from the cylinder. Away from the cylinder the grid is unequal in size and stretched out in all direction. Velocity inlet (u = U∞), pressure outlet (Neumann condition), symmetry (free-slip boundary condition du/dy = 0, v = 0) at upper and lower domain boundary conditions are used for this simulation. Wall boundary (u = v = 0) is considered on the square cylinder surface. Fully conservative 2-D unsteady Navier-Stokes equations are discretized and then solved by Ansys Fluent 14.5 to understand the flow nature. SIMPLE algorithm written in finite volume method is selected for this purpose which is the default solver in scripted in Fluent. The result obtained for Newtonian fluid flow agrees well with previous work supporting Fluent’s usefulness in academic research. A minute analysis of instantaneous and time averaged flow field is obtained both for Newtonian and pseudoplastic fluid flow. It has been observed that drag coefficient increases continuously with the reduced value of n. Also, the vortex shedding phenomenon changes at n = 0.4 due to flow instability. These are some of the remarkable findings for laminar periodic vortex shedding regime in pseudoplastic flow environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ansys%20Fluent" title="Ansys Fluent">Ansys Fluent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=periodic%20vortex%20shedding" title=" periodic vortex shedding"> periodic vortex shedding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pseudoplastic%20fluid%20flow" title=" pseudoplastic fluid flow"> pseudoplastic fluid flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97092/laminar-periodic-vortex-shedding-over-a-square-cylinder-in-pseudoplastic-fluid-flow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97092.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">203</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4219</span> Antioxidant Status in Synovial Fluid from Osteoarthritis Patients: A Pilot Study in Indian Demography</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Koppikar">S. Koppikar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Kulkarni"> P. Kulkarni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Ingale"> D. Ingale </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Wagh"> N. Wagh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Deshpande"> S. Deshpande</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mahajan"> A. Mahajan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Harsulkar"> A. Harsulkar </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Crucial role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the progression Osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis has been endorsed several times though its exact mechanism remains unclear. Oxidative stress is known to instigate classical stress factors such as cytokines, chemokines and ROS, which hampers cartilage remodelling process and ultimately results in worsening the disease. Synovial fluid (SF) is a biological communicator between cartilage and synovium that accumulates redox and biochemical signalling mediators. The present work attempts to measure several oxidative stress markers in the synovial fluid obtained from knee OA patients with varying degree of disease severity. Thirty OA and five Meniscal-tear (MT) patients were graded using Kellgren-Lawrence scale and assessed for Nitric oxide (NO), Nitrate-Nitrite (NN), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Potential (FRAP), Catalase (CAT), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels for comparison. Out of various oxidative markers studied, NO and SOD showed significant difference between moderate and severe OA (p= 0.007 and p= 0.08, respectively), whereas CAT demonstrated significant difference between MT and mild group (p= 0.07). Interestingly, NN revealed statistically positive correlation with OA severity (p= 0.001 and p= 0.003). MDA, a lipid peroxidation by-product was estimated maximum in early OA when compared to MT (p= 0.06). However, FRAP did not show any correlation with OA severity or MT control. NO is an essential bio-regulatory molecule essential for several physiological processes, and inflammatory conditions. However, due to its short life, exact estimation of NO becomes difficult. NO and its measurable stable products are still it is considered as one of the important biomarker of oxidative damage. Levels of NO and nitrite-nitrate in SF of patients with OA indicated its involvement in the disease progression. When SF groups were compared, a significant correlation among moderate, mild and MT groups was established. To summarize, present data illustrated higher levels of NO, SOD, CAT, DPPH and MDA in early OA in comparison with MT, as a control group. NN had emerged as a prognostic bio marker in knee OA patients, which may act as futuristic targets in OA treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant" title="antioxidant">antioxidant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knee%20osteoarthritis" title=" knee osteoarthritis"> knee osteoarthritis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidative%20stress" title=" oxidative stress"> oxidative stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synovial%20fluid" title=" synovial fluid"> synovial fluid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21280/antioxidant-status-in-synovial-fluid-from-osteoarthritis-patients-a-pilot-study-in-indian-demography" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21280.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">477</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4218</span> Thermal Regulation of Channel Flows Using Phase Change Material </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kira%20Toxopeus">Kira Toxopeus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamran%20Siddiqui"> Kamran Siddiqui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Channel flows are common in a wide range of engineering applications. In some types of channel flows, particularly the ones involving chemical or biological processes, the control of the flow temperature is crucial to maintain the optimal conditions for the chemical reaction or to control the growth of biological species. This often becomes an issue when the flow experiences temperature fluctuations due to external conditions. While active heating and cooling could regulate the channel temperature, it may not be feasible logistically or economically and is also regarded as a non-sustainable option. Thermal energy storage utilizing phase change material (PCM) could provide the required thermal regulation sustainably by storing the excess heat from the channel and releasing it back as required, thus regulating the channel temperature within a range in the proximity of the PCM melting temperature. However, in designing such systems, the configuration of the PCM storage within the channel is critical as it could influence the channel flow dynamics, which would, in turn, affect the heat exchange between the channel fluid and the PCM. The present research is focused on the investigation of the flow dynamical behavior in the channel during heat transfer from the channel flow to the PCM thermal energy storage. Offset vertical columns in a narrow channel were used that contained the PCM. Two different column shapes, square and circular, were considered. Water was used as the channel fluid that entered the channel at a temperature higher than that of the PCM melting temperature. Hence, as the water was passing through the channel, the heat was being transferred from the water to the PCM, causing the PCM to store the heat through a phase transition from solid to liquid. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to measure the two-dimensional velocity field of the channel flow as it flows between the PCM columns. Thermocouples were also attached to the PCM columns to measure the PCM temperature at three different heights. Three different water flow rates (0.5, 0.75 and 1.2 liters/min) were considered. At each flow rate, experiments were conducted at three different inlet water temperatures (28ᵒC, 33ᵒC and 38ᵒC). The results show that the flow rate and the inlet temperature influenced the flow behavior inside the channel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=channel%20flow" title="channel flow">channel flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20change%20material" title=" phase change material"> phase change material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20energy%20storage" title=" thermal energy storage"> thermal energy storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20regulation" title=" thermal regulation"> thermal regulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115336/thermal-regulation-of-channel-flows-using-phase-change-material" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115336.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4217</span> CFD Modeling of Mixing Enhancement in a Pitted Micromixer by High Frequency Ultrasound Waves </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faezeh%20Mohammadi">Faezeh Mohammadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ebrahim%20Ebrahimi"> Ebrahim Ebrahimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neda%20Azimi"> Neda Azimi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Use of ultrasound waves is one of the techniques for increasing the mixing and mass transfer in the microdevices. Ultrasound propagation into liquid medium leads to stimulation of the fluid, creates turbulence and so increases the mixing performance. In this study, CFD modeling of two-phase flow in a pitted micromixer equipped with a piezoelectric with frequency of 1.7 MHz has been studied. CFD modeling of micromixer at different velocity of fluid flow in the absence of ultrasound waves and with ultrasound application has been performed. The hydrodynamic of fluid flow and mixing efficiency for using ultrasound has been compared with the layout of no ultrasound application. The result of CFD modeling shows well agreements with the experimental results. The results showed that the flow pattern inside the micromixer in the absence of ultrasound waves is parallel, while when ultrasound has been applied, it is not parallel. In fact, propagation of ultrasound energy into the fluid flow in the studied micromixer changed the hydrodynamic and the forms of the flow pattern and caused to mixing enhancement. In general, from the CFD modeling results, it can be concluded that the applying ultrasound energy into the liquid medium causes an increase in the turbulences and mixing and consequently, improves the mass transfer rate within the micromixer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD%20modeling" title="CFD modeling">CFD modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound" title=" ultrasound"> ultrasound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixing" title=" mixing"> mixing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20transfer" title=" mass transfer"> mass transfer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102598/cfd-modeling-of-mixing-enhancement-in-a-pitted-micromixer-by-high-frequency-ultrasound-waves" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102598.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4216</span> Numerical Heat Transfer Performance of Water-Based Graphene Nanoplatelets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Amiri">Ahmad Amiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamed%20K.%20Arzani"> Hamed K. Arzani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20N.%20Kazi"> S. N. Kazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20T.%20Chew"> B. T. Chew</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) is a promising material due to desirable thermal properties, this paper is related to the thermophysical and heat transfer performance of covalently functionalized GNP-based water/ethylene glycol nanofluid through an annular channel. After experimentally measuring thermophysical properties of prepared samples, a computational fluid dynamics study has been carried out to examine the heat transfer and pressure drop of well-dispersed and stabilized nanofluids. The effect of concentration of GNP and Reynolds number at constant wall temperature boundary condition under turbulent flow regime on convective heat transfer coefficient has been investigated. Based on the results, for different Reynolds numbers, the convective heat transfer coefficient of the prepared nanofluid is higher than that of the base fluid. Also, the enhancement of convective heat transfer coefficient and thermal conductivity increase with the increase of GNP concentration in base-fluid. Based on the results of this investigation, there is a significant enhancement on the heat transfer rate associated with loading well-dispersed GNP in base-fluid. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofluid" title="nanofluid">nanofluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulent%20flow" title=" turbulent flow"> turbulent flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forced%20convection%20flow" title=" forced convection flow"> forced convection flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene" title=" graphene"> graphene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=annular" title=" annular"> annular</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=annulus" title=" annulus"> annulus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54948/numerical-heat-transfer-performance-of-water-based-graphene-nanoplatelets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54948.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4215</span> Suitability of Alternative Insulating Fluid for Power Transformer: A Laboratory Investigation </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20N.%20Deepa">S. N. Deepa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20D.%20Srinivasan"> A. D. Srinivasan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20T.%20Veeramanju"> K. T. Veeramanju</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Sandeep%20Kumar"> R. Sandeep Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashwini%20Mathapati"> Ashwini Mathapati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Power transformer is a vital element in a power system as it continuously regulates power flow, maintaining good voltage regulation. The working of transformer much depends on the oil insulation, the oil insulation also decides the aging of transformer and hence its reliability. The mineral oil based liquid insulation is globally accepted for power transformer insulation; however it is potentially hazardous due to its non-biodegradability. In this work efficient alternative biodegradable insulating fluid is presented as a replacement to conventional mineral oil. Dielectric tests are performed as distinct alternating fluid to evaluate the suitability for transformer insulation. The selection of the distinct natural esters for an insulation system is carried out by the laboratory investigation of Breakdown voltage, Oxidation stability, Dissipation factor, Permittivity, Viscosity, Flash and Fire point. It is proposed to study and characterize the properties of natural esters to be used in power transformer. Therefore for the investigation of the dielectric behavior rice bran oil, sesame oil, and sunflower oil are considered for the study. The investigated results have been compared with the mineral oil to validate the dielectric behavior of natural esters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20insulating%20fluid" title="alternative insulating fluid">alternative insulating fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dielectric%20properties" title=" dielectric properties"> dielectric properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20esters" title=" natural esters"> natural esters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20transformers" title=" power transformers"> power transformers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109877/suitability-of-alternative-insulating-fluid-for-power-transformer-a-laboratory-investigation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109877.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4214</span> Influence of Natural Gum on Curcumin Supersaturationin Gastrointestinal Fluids </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patcharawalai%20Jaisamut">Patcharawalai Jaisamut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamonthip%20Wiwattanawongsa"> Kamonthip Wiwattanawongsa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruedeekorn%20Wiwattanapatapee"> Ruedeekorn Wiwattanapatapee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Supersaturation of drugs in the gastrointestinal tract is one approach to increase the absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs. The stabilization of a supersaturated state was achieved by adding precipitation inhibitors that may act through a variety of mechanisms.In this study, the effect of the natural gums, acacia, gelatin, pectin and tragacanth on curcumin supersaturation in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) (pH 1.2), fasted state simulated gastric fluid (FaSSGF) (pH 1.6), and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) (pH 6.8)was investigated. The results indicated that all natural gums significantly increased the curcum insolubility (about 1.2-6-fold)when compared to the absence of gum, and assisted in maintaining the supersaturated drug solution. Among the tested gums, pectin at 3% w/w was the best precipitation inhibitor with a significant increase in the degree of supersaturation about 3-fold in SGF, 2.4-fold in FaSSGF and 2-fold in SIF. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curcumin" title="curcumin">curcumin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solubility" title=" solubility"> solubility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supersaturation" title=" supersaturation"> supersaturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precipitation%20inhibitor" title=" precipitation inhibitor"> precipitation inhibitor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1466/influence-of-natural-gum-on-curcumin-supersaturationin-gastrointestinal-fluids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1466.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4213</span> Effect of Carbon Nanotubes on Thermophysical Properties of Photothermal Fluid and Enhancement of Photothermal Deflection Signal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Shafiq%20Ahmed">Muhammad Shafiq Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabastine%20Ezugwu"> Sabastine Ezugwu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thermophysical properties of Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl₄), a photothermal fluid used frequently in Photothermal Deflection Spectroscopy (PDS), containing different volume fractions of single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNTs) and their effect on the amplitude of PDS signal are investigated. It is found that the presence of highly thermally conducting SWCNTs in CCl₄ enhances the heat transfer from heated sample to the adjoining photothermal fluid, resulting in an increase in the intensity of amplitude of PDS signal. With the increasing volume fraction of SWCNTs in CCl₄, the amplitude of PDS signal is nearly doubled for volume fraction fopt =3.7X10⁻³ %., after that the signal drops with a further increase in the fraction of SWCNTs. It is shown that the use of highly thermally conducting carbon nanotubes enhances the heat exchange coefficient between the heated sample surface and adjoining fluid, resulting to an enhancement of PDS signal and consequently the improvement in the sensitivity of PDS technique. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20nanotubes" title="carbon nanotubes">carbon nanotubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofluid" title=" nanofluid"> nanofluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photothermal%20deflection%20spectroscopy" title=" photothermal deflection spectroscopy"> photothermal deflection spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermophysical%20properties" title=" thermophysical properties"> thermophysical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89637/effect-of-carbon-nanotubes-on-thermophysical-properties-of-photothermal-fluid-and-enhancement-of-photothermal-deflection-signal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89637.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4212</span> Two Years Retrospective Study of Body Fluid Cultures Obtained from Patients in the Intensive Care Unit of General Hospital of Ioannina</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Varsamis">N. Varsamis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Gerasimou"> M. Gerasimou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Christodoulou"> P. Christodoulou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Mantzoukis"> S. Mantzoukis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Kolliopoulou"> G. Kolliopoulou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Zotos"> N. Zotos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: Body fluids (pleural, peritoneal, synovial, pericardial, cerebrospinal) are an important element in the detection of microorganisms. For this reason, it is important to examine them in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients. Material and Method: Body fluids are transported through sterile containers and enriched as soon as possible with Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB). After one day of incubation, the broth is poured into selective media: Blood, Mac Conkey No. 2, Chocolate, Mueller Hinton, Chapman and Saboureaud agar. The above selective media are incubated directly for 2 days. After this period, if any number of microbial colonies are detected, gram staining is performed. After that, the isolated organisms are identified by biochemical techniques in the automated Microscan system (Siemens) and followed by a sensitivity test on the same system using the minimum inhibitory concentration MIC technique. The sensitivity test is verified by Kirby Bauer-based plate test. Results: In 2017 the Laboratory of Microbiology received 60 samples of body fluids from the ICU. More specifically the Microbiology Department received 6 peritoneal fluid specimens, 18 pleural fluid specimens and 36 cerebrospinal fluid specimens. 36 positive cultures were tested. S. epidermidis was identified in 18 specimens, S. haemolyticus in 6, and E. faecium in 12. Conclusions: The results show low detection of microorganisms in body fluid cultures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20fluids" title="body fluids">body fluids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture" title=" culture"> culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intensive%20care%20unit" title=" intensive care unit"> intensive care unit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microorganisms" title=" microorganisms"> microorganisms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103213/two-years-retrospective-study-of-body-fluid-cultures-obtained-from-patients-in-the-intensive-care-unit-of-general-hospital-of-ioannina" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103213.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4211</span> Sloshing-Induced Overflow Assessment of the Seismically-Isolated Nuclear Tanks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kihyon%20Kwon">Kihyon Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun%20T.%20Park"> Hyun T. Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gil%20Y.%20Chung"> Gil Y. Chung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang-Hoon%20Lee"> Sang-Hoon Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper focuses on assessing sloshing-induced overflow of the seismically-isolated nuclear tanks based on Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) analysis. Typically, fluid motion in the seismically-isolated nuclear tank systems may be rather amplified and even overflowed under earthquake. Sloshing-induced overflow in those structures has to be reliably assessed and predicted since it can often cause critical damages to humans and environments. FSI analysis is herein performed to compute the total cumulative overflowed water volume more accurately, by coupling ANSYS with CFX for structural and fluid analyses, respectively. The approach is illustrated on a nuclear liquid storage tank, Spent Fuel Pool (SFP), forgiven conditions under consideration: different liquid levels, Peak Ground Accelerations (PGAs), and post earthquakes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FSI%20analysis" title="FSI analysis">FSI analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismically-isolated%20nuclear%20tank%20system" title=" seismically-isolated nuclear tank system"> seismically-isolated nuclear tank system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sloshing-induced%20overflow" title=" sloshing-induced overflow"> sloshing-induced overflow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7571/sloshing-induced-overflow-assessment-of-the-seismically-isolated-nuclear-tanks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7571.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">474</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4210</span> Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Effect of the Solid Gas Interface Nanolayer on Enhanced Thermal Conductivity of Copper-CO2 Nanofluid</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeeshan%20Ahmed">Zeeshan Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajinkya%20Sarode"> Ajinkya Sarode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pratik%20Basarkar"> Pratik Basarkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atul%20Bhargav"> Atul Bhargav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Debjyoti%20Banerjee"> Debjyoti Banerjee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of CO<sub>2</sub> in oil recovery and in CO<sub>2</sub> capture and storage is gaining traction in recent years. These applications involve heat transfer between CO<sub>2</sub> and the base fluid, and hence, there arises a need to improve the thermal conductivity of CO<sub>2</sub> to increase the process efficiency and reduce cost. One way to improve the thermal conductivity is through nanoparticle addition in the base fluid. The nanofluid model in this study consisted of copper (Cu) nanoparticles in varying concentrations with CO<sub>2</sub> as a base fluid. No experimental data are available on thermal conductivity of CO<sub>2</sub> based nanofluid. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are an increasingly adopted tool to perform preliminary assessments of nanoparticle (NP) fluid interactions. In this study, the effect of the formation of a nanolayer (or molecular layering) at the gas-solid interface on thermal conductivity is investigated using equilibrium MD simulations by varying NP diameter and keeping the volume fraction (1.413%) of nanofluid constant to check the diameter effect of NP on the nanolayer and thermal conductivity. A dense semi-solid fluid layer was seen to be formed at the NP-gas interface, and the thickness increases with increase in particle diameter, which also moves with the NP Brownian motion. Density distribution has been done to see the effect of nanolayer, and its thickness around the NP. These findings are extremely beneficial, especially to industries employed in oil recovery as increased thermal conductivity of CO<sub>2</sub> will lead to enhanced oil recovery and thermal energy storage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper-CO2%20nanofluid" title="copper-CO2 nanofluid">copper-CO2 nanofluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20dynamics%20simulation" title=" molecular dynamics simulation"> molecular dynamics simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20interfacial%20layer" title=" molecular interfacial layer"> molecular interfacial layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20conductivity" title=" thermal conductivity"> thermal conductivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62476/molecular-dynamics-simulation-of-the-effect-of-the-solid-gas-interface-nanolayer-on-enhanced-thermal-conductivity-of-copper-co2-nanofluid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62476.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4209</span> Analysis of Wire Coating for Heat Transfer Flow of a Viscoelastic PTT Fluid with Slip Boundary Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rehan%20Ali%20Shah">Rehan Ali Shah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Siddiqui"> A. M. Siddiqui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Haroon"> T. Haroon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Slip boundary value problem in wire coating analysis with heat transfer is examined. The fluid is assumed to be viscoelastic PTT (Phan-Thien and Tanner). The rheological constitutive equation of PTT fluid model simulates various polymer melts. Therefore, the current consequences are valuable in a number of realistic situations. Effects of slip parameter γ as well as εDec^2 (viscoelastic index) on the axial velocity, shear stress, normal stress, average velocity, volume flux, thickness of coated wire, shear stress, force on the total wire and temperature distribution profiles have been investigated. A new direction is explored to analyze the flow with the slip parameter. The slippage at the boundaries plays an important role in thickness of coated wire. It is noted that as the slip parameter increases the flow rate and thickness of coated wire increases while, temperature distribution decreases. The results reduce to no slip when the slip parameter is vanished. Furthermore, we can obtain the results for Maxwell and viscous model by setting ε and λ equal to zero respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wire%20coating" title="wire coating">wire coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=straight%20annular%20die" title=" straight annular die"> straight annular die</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PTT%20fluid" title=" PTT fluid"> PTT fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slip%20boundary%20conditions" title=" slip boundary conditions"> slip boundary conditions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42279/analysis-of-wire-coating-for-heat-transfer-flow-of-a-viscoelastic-ptt-fluid-with-slip-boundary-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42279.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">362</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4208</span> A Study of Laminar Natural Convection in Annular Spaces between Differentially Heated Horizontal Circular Cylinders Filled with Non-Newtonian Nano Fluids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behzad%20Ahdiharab">Behzad Ahdiharab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Senol%20Baskaya"> Senol Baskaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamer%20Calisir"> Tamer Calisir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heat exchangers are one of the most widely used systems in factories, refineries etc. In this study, natural convection heat transfer using nano-fluids in between two cylinders is numerically investigated. The inner and outer cylinders are kept at constant temperatures. One of the most important assumptions in the project is that the working fluid is non-Newtonian. In recent years, the use of nano-fluids in industrial applications has increased profoundly. In this study, nano-Newtonian fluids containing metal particles with high heat transfer coefficients have been used. All fluid properties such as homogeneity has been calculated. In the present study, solutions have been obtained under unsteady conditions, base fluid was water, and effects of various parameters on heat transfer have been investigated. These parameters are Rayleigh number (103 < Ra < 106), power-law index (0.6 < n < 1.4), aspect ratio (0 < AR < 0.8), nano-particle composition, horizontal and vertical displacement of the inner cylinder, rotation of the inner cylinder, and volume fraction of nanoparticles. Results such as the internal cylinder average and local Nusselt number variations, contours of temperature, flow lines are presented. The results are also discussed in detail. From the validation study performed it was found that a very good agreement exists between the present results and those from the open literature. It was found out that the heat transfer is always affected by the investigated parameters. However, the degree to which the heat transfer is affected does change in a wide range. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title="heat transfer">heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20space" title=" circular space"> circular space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-Newtonian" title=" non-Newtonian"> non-Newtonian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20fluid" title=" nano fluid"> nano fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics." title=" computational fluid dynamics."> computational fluid dynamics.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32508/a-study-of-laminar-natural-convection-in-annular-spaces-between-differentially-heated-horizontal-circular-cylinders-filled-with-non-newtonian-nano-fluids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32508.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">415</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4207</span> Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Vibration Control of an ERF Embedded Smart Structure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih-Jer%20Lin">Chih-Jer Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chun-Ying%20Lee"> Chun-Ying Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying%20Liu"> Ying Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chiang-Ho%20Cheng"> Chiang-Ho Cheng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main objective of this article is to present the semi-active vibration control using an electro-rheological fluid embedded sandwich structure for a cantilever beam. ER fluid is a smart material, which cause the suspended particles polarize and connect each other to form chain. The stiffness and damping coefficients of the ER fluid can be changed in 10 micro seconds; therefore, ERF is suitable to become the material embedded in the tunable vibration absorber to become a smart absorber. For the ERF smart material embedded structure, the fuzzy control law depends on the experimental expert database and the proposed self-tuning strategy. The electric field is controlled by a CRIO embedded system to implement the real application. This study investigates the different performances using the Type-1 fuzzy and interval Type-2 fuzzy controllers. The Interval type-2 fuzzy control is used to improve the modeling uncertainties for this ERF embedded shock absorber. The self-tuning vibration controllers using Type-1 and Interval Type-2 fuzzy law are implemented to the shock absorber system. Based on the resulting performance, Internal Type-2 fuzzy is better than the traditional Type-1 fuzzy control for this vibration control system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electro-rheological%20fluid" title="electro-rheological fluid">electro-rheological fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semi-active%20vibration%20control" title=" semi-active vibration control"> semi-active vibration control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock%20absorber" title=" shock absorber"> shock absorber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=type%202%20fuzzy%20control" title=" type 2 fuzzy control "> type 2 fuzzy control </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7630/interval-type-2-fuzzy-vibration-control-of-an-erf-embedded-smart-structure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7630.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">447</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4206</span> Effect of Temperature and CuO Nanoparticle Concentration on Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity of a Phase Change Material</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Bastian%20Aguila">V. Bastian Aguila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Diego%20Vasco"> C. Diego Vasco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Paula%20%20Galvez"> P. Paula Galvez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Paula%20Zapata"> R. Paula Zapata </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main results of an experimental study of the effect of temperature and nanoparticle concentration on thermal conductivity and viscosity of a nanofluid are shown. The nanofluid was made by using octadecane as a base fluid and CuO spherical nanoparticles of 75 nm (MkNano). Since the base fluid is a phase change material (PCM) to be used in thermal storage applications, the engineered nanofluid is referred as nanoPCM. Three nanoPCM were prepared through the two-step method (2.5, 5.0 and 10.0%wv). In order to increase the stability of the nanoPCM, the surface of the CuO nanoparticles was modified with sodium oleate, and it was verified by IR analysis. The modified CuO nanoparticles were dispersed by using an ultrasonic horn (Hielscher UP50H) during one hour (amplitude of 180 μm at 50 W). The thermal conductivity was measured by using a thermal properties analyzer (KD2-Pro) in the temperature range of 30ºC to 40ºC. The viscosity was measured by using a Brookfield DV2T-LV viscosimeter to 30 RPM in the temperature range of 30ºC to 55ºC. The obtained results for the nanoPCM showed that thermal conductivity is almost constant in the analyzed temperature range, and the viscosity decreases non-linearly with temperature. Respect to the effect of the nanoparticle concentration, both thermal conductivity and viscosity increased with nanoparticle concentration. The thermal conductivity raised up to 9% respect to the base fluid, and the viscosity increases up to 60%, in both cases for the higher concentration. Finally, the viscosity measurements for different rotation speeds (30 RPM - 80 RPM) exhibited that the addition of nanoparticles modifies the rheological behavior of the base fluid, from a Newtonian to a viscoplastic (Bingham) or shear thinning (power-law) non-Newtonian behavior. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NanoPCM" title="NanoPCM">NanoPCM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20conductivity" title=" thermal conductivity"> thermal conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscosity" title=" viscosity"> viscosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-Newtonian%20fluid" title=" non-Newtonian fluid"> non-Newtonian fluid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60397/effect-of-temperature-and-cuo-nanoparticle-concentration-on-thermal-conductivity-and-viscosity-of-a-phase-change-material" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60397.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20fluid&page=6" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20fluid&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20fluid&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20fluid&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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