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<span>Toggle Major conferences and tabletop exercises subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Major_conferences_and_tabletop_exercises-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Operation_Dark_Winter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operation_Dark_Winter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Operation Dark Winter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operation_Dark_Winter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atlantic_Storm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atlantic_Storm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Atlantic Storm</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atlantic_Storm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clade_X" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clade_X"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Clade X</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clade_X-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Event_201" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Event_201"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Event 201</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Event_201-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Nonprofit public health think tank</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">CHS<sup id="cite_ref-open_phil_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-open_phil-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">1998<span class="noprint">; 26 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1998</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-open_phil_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-open_phil-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank">Think tank</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">United States of America</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Executive Officer">CEO</a> and Director</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Inglesby" title="Tom Inglesby">Tom Inglesby</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chief_Operating_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Operating Officer">COO</a> and Deputy Director</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Anita Cicero</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/D._A._Henderson" class="mw-redirect" title="D. A. Henderson">D. A. Henderson</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tara_O%27Toole" title="Tara O'Toole">Tara O'Toole</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Bloomberg_School_of_Public_Health" title="Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health">Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Staff</th><td class="infobox-data">29<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (in 2021)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/">www<wbr />.centerforhealthsecurity<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Formerly called</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Johns Hopkins Center for Civilian Biodefense Strategies (1998–2003)</li><li>Center for Biosecurity of UPMC (2003–2013)</li><li>UPMC Center for Health Security (2013–2017)</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security</b> (abbreviated <b>CHS</b>) is an independent, <a href="/wiki/Nonprofit_organization" title="Nonprofit organization">nonprofit organization</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Bloomberg_School_of_Public_Health" title="Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health">Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health</a>. The center works to protect people's health from epidemics and pandemics and ensures that communities are resilient to major challenges. The center is also concerned with biological weapons and the biosecurity implications of emerging biotechnology. </p><p>The Center for Health Security gives policy recommendations to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_government" class="mw-redirect" title="United States government">United States government</a>, the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> and the UN <a href="/wiki/Biological_Weapons_Convention" title="Biological Weapons Convention">Biological Weapons Convention</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-open_phil_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-open_phil-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-about_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johns_Hopkins_Center_for_Health_Security&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Center for Health Security began as the Johns Hopkins Center for Civilian Biodefense Strategies (CCBS) in 1998 at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.<sup id="cite_ref-roos_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roos-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/D._A._Henderson" class="mw-redirect" title="D. A. Henderson">D. A. Henderson</a> served as the founding director.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that time, the center was the first and only academic center focused on biosecurity policy and practice.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>At one point around 2003, CHS had become part of a new <a href="/wiki/Umbrella_organization" title="Umbrella organization">umbrella organization</a> called the Institute for Global Health and Security at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.<sup id="cite_ref-roos_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roos-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2003, some of the leaders left Johns Hopkins to join the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_Medical_Center" title="University of Pittsburgh Medical Center">University of Pittsburgh Medical Center</a> (UPMC), and launched their own Center for Biosecurity of UPMC. This move apparently split the organization in two, and it is unclear what happened to the old organization.<sup id="cite_ref-roos_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roos-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 30, 2013, the UPMC Center changed its name from "Center for Biosecurity of UPMC" to "UPMC Center for Health Security". This name change reflected a broadening of the scope of CHS's work.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In January 2017, the JHU Center became part of the <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Bloomberg_School_of_Public_Health" title="Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health">Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health</a>. Its <a href="/wiki/Domain_name" title="Domain name">domain name</a> changed from upmchealthsecurity.org to centerforhealthsecurity.org.<sup id="cite_ref-jh_rename_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jh_rename-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funding">Funding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johns_Hopkins_Center_for_Health_Security&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Funding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2002, the center received a $1 million grant from the US federal government.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before 2017, CHS was heavily reliant on government funding.<sup id="cite_ref-open_phil_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-open_phil-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2017, the <a href="/wiki/Open_Philanthropy_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Philanthropy Project">Open Philanthropy Project</a> awarded a $16 million grant over three years to the Center for Health Security.<sup id="cite_ref-open_phil_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-open_phil-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another grant of $19.5 million was awarded in September 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johns_Hopkins_Center_for_Health_Security&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Center for Health Security publishes three online newsletters: </p> <ul><li><i>Clinicians' Biosecurity News</i> (formerly the <i>Clinicians' Biosecurity Network Report</i>), published twice each month<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Health Security Headlines</i>, a news digest published 3 times a week<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (previously called <i>Biosecurity Briefing</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> then <i>Biosecurity News in Brief</i> starting in 2009,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> then <i>Biosecurity News Today</i> starting in 2010 or 2011,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and finally <i>Health Security Headlines</i> starting in 2013;<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the digest used to also be weekly until in February 2009, HSH was published daily from 2009 until late 2021 when it was changed to 3 times per week to accommodate the <i>COVID-19 Update</i> briefings published twice a week since January 2020)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Preparedness Pulsepoints</i>, published weekly<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>It maintains and edits a peer-reviewed journal <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liebertpub.com/loi/hs">Health Security</a> which is part of the Mary Ann Liebert publishing group. </p><p>It also provides editorial oversight for the journal <i>Health Security</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was launched in 2003 and called <i>Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science</i> until 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CHS published the <a href="/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">blog</a> <i>The Bifurcated Needle</i> until 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Open Philanthropy Project's grant writeup of CHS noted several publications:<sup id="cite_ref-open_phil_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-open_phil-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBoddieWatsonAckermanGronvall2015" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Watson" title="Crystal Watson">Boddie, Crystal</a>; Watson, Matthew; Ackerman, Gary; Gronvall, Gigi Kwik (August 21, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upmchealthsecurity.org/our-work/pubs_archive/pubs-pdfs/2015/Science2015Boddie7923_1.pdf">"Assessing the bioweapons threat: Is there a foundation of agreement among experts about risk?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Science</i>. <b>349</b> (6250): 792–793. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.aab0713">10.1126/science.aab0713</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075">0036-8075</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26293941">26293941</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:206637099">206637099</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Assessing+the+bioweapons+threat%3A+Is+there+a+foundation+of+agreement+among+experts+about+risk%3F&rft.volume=349&rft.issue=6250&rft.pages=792-793&rft.date=2015-08-21&rft.issn=0036-8075&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A206637099%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26293941&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.aab0713&rft.aulast=Boddie&rft.aufirst=Crystal&rft.au=Watson%2C+Matthew&rft.au=Ackerman%2C+Gary&rft.au=Gronvall%2C+Gigi+Kwik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.upmchealthsecurity.org%2Four-work%2Fpubs_archive%2Fpubs-pdfs%2F2015%2FScience2015Boddie7923_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohns+Hopkins+Center+for+Health+Security" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInglesbyRelman2016" class="citation journal cs1">Inglesby, Thomas V.; Relman, David A. (February 1, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5290809">"How likely is it that biological agents will be used deliberately to cause widespread harm?"</a>. <i>EMBO Reports</i>. <b>17</b> (2): 127–130. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15252%2Fembr.201541674">10.15252/embr.201541674</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1469-3178">1469-3178</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5290809">5290809</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26682799">26682799</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EMBO+Reports&rft.atitle=How+likely+is+it+that+biological+agents+will+be+used+deliberately+to+cause+widespread+harm%3F&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=127-130&rft.date=2016-02-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5290809%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1469-3178&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26682799&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15252%2Fembr.201541674&rft.aulast=Inglesby&rft.aufirst=Thomas+V.&rft.au=Relman%2C+David+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5290809&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohns+Hopkins+Center+for+Health+Security" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGronvallShearerCollinsInglesby2016" class="citation web cs1">Gronvall, Gigi Kwik; Shearer, Matthew; Collins, Hannah; Inglesby, Thomas (July 14, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upmchealthsecurity.org/our-work/pubs_archive/pubs-pdfs/2016/Final_report_to_PASCC_071416.pdf">"Improving Security through International Biosafety Norms"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. UPMC Center for Health Security.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Improving+Security+through+International+Biosafety+Norms&rft.pub=UPMC+Center+for+Health+Security&rft.date=2016-07-14&rft.aulast=Gronvall&rft.aufirst=Gigi+Kwik&rft.au=Shearer%2C+Matthew&rft.au=Collins%2C+Hannah&rft.au=Inglesby%2C+Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.upmchealthsecurity.org%2Four-work%2Fpubs_archive%2Fpubs-pdfs%2F2016%2FFinal_report_to_PASCC_071416.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohns+Hopkins+Center+for+Health+Security" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p>The center has published in journals including <i><a href="/wiki/JAMA_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="JAMA (journal)">JAMA</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet">The Lancet</a></i>. A full list of publications is available on the CHS website. As of February 2017<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johns_Hopkins_Center_for_Health_Security&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the list shows more than 400 publications.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_conferences_and_tabletop_exercises">Major conferences and tabletop exercises</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johns_Hopkins_Center_for_Health_Security&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Major conferences and tabletop exercises"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Operation_Dark_Winter">Operation Dark Winter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johns_Hopkins_Center_for_Health_Security&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Operation Dark Winter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Dark_Winter" title="Operation Dark Winter">Operation Dark Winter</a></div> <p>From June 22–23, 2001, CHS co-hosted <a href="/wiki/Operation_Dark_Winter" title="Operation Dark Winter">Operation Dark Winter</a>, a senior-level bioterrorism attack simulation involving a covert and widespread smallpox attack on the United States. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Atlantic_Storm">Atlantic Storm</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johns_Hopkins_Center_for_Health_Security&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Atlantic Storm"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On January 14, 2005, CHS helped to host <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Storm" title="Atlantic Storm">Atlantic Storm</a>, a table-top <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a> <a href="/wiki/Bioterrorism" title="Bioterrorism">bioterrorism</a> simulation.<sup id="cite_ref-open_phil_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-open_phil-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clade_X">Clade X</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johns_Hopkins_Center_for_Health_Security&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Clade X"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On May 15, 2018, the Center hosted Clade X,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a day-long pandemic tabletop exercise that simulated a series of National Security Council–convened meetings of 10 US government leaders, played by individuals prominent in the fields of national security or epidemic response. </p><p>Drawing from actual events, Clade X identified important policy issues and preparedness challenges that could be solved with sufficient political will and attention. These issues were designed in a narrative to engage and educate the participants and the audience. </p><p>Clade X was livestreamed on Facebook and extensive materials from the exercise are available online.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Event_201">Event 201</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johns_Hopkins_Center_for_Health_Security&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Event 201"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On October 18, 2019, the CHS partnered with the <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bill_and_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation</a> to host the tabletop exercise Event 201 in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-event_201_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-event_201-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the CHS, "the exercise illustrated areas where public/private partnerships will be necessary during the response to a severe <a href="/wiki/Pandemic" title="Pandemic">pandemic</a> in order to diminish large-scale economic and societal consequences".<sup id="cite_ref-event_201_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-event_201-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Event 201 simulated the effects of a fictional <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus" title="Coronavirus">coronavirus</a> passing to humans via infected <a href="/wiki/Pig" title="Pig">pig</a> farms in <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> with "no possibility of a <a href="/wiki/Vaccine" title="Vaccine">vaccine</a> being available in the first year".<sup id="cite_ref-Full_Fact_Event_201_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Full_Fact_Event_201-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The simulation ended after 18 months and projected 65 million deaths from the coronavirus.<sup id="cite_ref-Full_Fact_Event_201_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Full_Fact_Event_201-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johns_Hopkins_Center_for_Health_Security&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li>Improving Epidemic Response: Building Bridges Between the US and China. May 2012.</li> <li>Considerations for the Reauthorization of the Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act (PAHPA). March 2012.</li> <li>U.S. Preparedness for a Nuclear Detonation. October 2011.</li> <li>Charting the Future of Biosecurity: Ten Years After the Anthrax Attacks. October 2011.</li> <li>Advancing US Resilience to a Nuclear Catastrophe. May 2011.</li> <li>Preserving National Security: The Growing Role of the Life Sciences. March 2011.</li> <li>Improving Global Health, Strengthening Global Security. November 2010.</li> <li>The State of BIOPreparedness: Lessons from Leaders, Proposals for Progress. September 2010.</li> <li>Preparing to Save Lives and Recover After a Nuclear Detonation: Implications for US Policy. April 2010.</li> <li>The 2009 H1N1 Experience: Policy Implications for Future Infectious Disease Emergencies. March 2010.</li> <li>Resilient American Communities: Progress In Practice and Policy. December 10, 2009.</li> <li>Prevention of Biothreats: A Look Ahead. October 6, 2009.</li> <li>Disease, Disaster, and Democracy: The Public's Stake in Health Emergency Planning. May 2006.</li> <li>Bulls, Bears, and Birds: Preparing the Financial Industry for a Pandemic. September 2005.</li> <li>Conference on Biosafety and Biorisks. May 2005.</li> <li>The Public as an Asset, Not a Problem: A Summit on Leadership During Bioterrorism. February 2003.</li> <li>2nd National Symposium on Medical and Public Health Response to Bioterrorism. November 2000.</li> <li>National Symposium on Medical and Public Health Response to Bioterrorism. February 1999.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johns_Hopkins_Center_for_Health_Security&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_P._Sloan_Foundation" title="Alfred P. Sloan Foundation">Alfred P. Sloan Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-terrorism_legislation" title="Anti-terrorism legislation">Anti-terrorism legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_Weapons_Anti-Terrorism_Act_of_1989" title="Biological Weapons Anti-Terrorism Act of 1989">Biological Weapons Anti-Terrorism Act of 1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartagena_Protocol_on_Biosafety" title="Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety">Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Strategic_and_International_Studies" title="Center for Strategic and International Studies">Center for Strategic and International Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_Biological_Diversity" title="Convention on Biological Diversity">Convention on Biological Diversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe_Convention_on_the_Prevention_of_Terrorism" title="Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism">Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimson_Contagion" title="Crimson Contagion">Crimson Contagion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_BioSafety_Association" title="European BioSafety Association">European BioSafety Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Programme_for_Intervention_Epidemiology_Training" title="European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training">European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eurosurveillance" title="Eurosurveillance">Eurosurveillance</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_catastrophic_risk" title="Global catastrophic risk">Global catastrophic risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Health_Security_Initiative" title="Global Health Security Initiative">Global Health Security Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_Threat_Unit" title="Health Threat Unit">Health Threat Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Health_Regulations" title="International Health Regulations">International Health Regulations</a></li> <li>Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Assistant_Secretary_for_Preparedness_and_Response" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response">Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Philanthropy_Project#Biosecurity" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Philanthropy Project">Open Philanthropy Project § Biosecurity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dark_Winter" title="Operation Dark Winter">Operation Dark Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandemic_and_All-Hazards_Preparedness_Reauthorization_Act_of_2013" title="Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Reauthorization Act of 2013">Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Reauthorization Act of 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Emergency_Preparedness" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Health Emergency Preparedness">Public Health Emergency Preparedness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PublicHealthEmergency.gov" title="PublicHealthEmergency.gov">PublicHealthEmergency.gov</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johns_Hopkins_Center_for_Health_Security&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-open_phil-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-open_phil_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-open_phil_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-open_phil_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-open_phil_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-open_phil_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-open_phil_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-open_phil_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/global-catastrophic-risks/biosecurity/center-health-security-biosecurity-global-health-security-and-global-catastrophic">"Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security — Biosecurity, Global Health Security, and Global Catastrophic Risks"</a>. Open Philanthropy Project. January 13, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 8,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Johns+Hopkins+Center+for+Health+Security+%E2%80%94+Biosecurity%2C+Global+Health+Security%2C+and+Global+Catastrophic+Risks&rft.pub=Open+Philanthropy+Project&rft.date=2017-01-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.openphilanthropy.org%2Ffocus%2Fglobal-catastrophic-risks%2Fbiosecurity%2Fcenter-health-security-biosecurity-global-health-security-and-global-catastrophic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohns+Hopkins+Center+for+Health+Security" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeddy_Karambelas2021" class="citation web cs1">Teddy Karambelas (August 17, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/our-staff/profiles/index.html">"Our Staff"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 17,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+Staff&rft.date=2021-08-17&rft.au=Teddy+Karambelas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.centerforhealthsecurity.org%2Four-staff%2Fprofiles%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohns+Hopkins+Center+for+Health+Security" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeddy_Karambelas2017" class="citation web cs1">Teddy Karambelas (February 7, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/">"JHSPH Center for Health Security"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 9,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JHSPH+Center+for+Health+Security&rft.date=2017-02-07&rft.au=Teddy+Karambelas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.centerforhealthsecurity.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohns+Hopkins+Center+for+Health+Security" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-about-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-about_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upmchealthsecurity.org/website/about_us/">Center for Health Security</a> Mission Statement <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130622081819/http://www.upmchealthsecurity.org/website/about_us/">Archived</a> June 22, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-roos-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-roos_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-roos_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-roos_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoos2003" class="citation web cs1">Roos, Robert (September 23, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2003/09/johns-hopkins-biodefense-experts-head-new-direction">"Johns Hopkins biodefense experts head in new direction"</a>. CIDRAP<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 8,</span> 2017</span>. <q>the four full-time faculty members and 16 administrative staff members of the CCBS are all leaving Hopkins to join the UPMC. 'No decision has been made exactly what to do with the Center for Civilian Biodefense Strategies, whether it'll have a new direction or mission incorporated into some other center,' [Tim Parsons] said. 'But its biodefense activities will be incorporated in some way into the new initiative of the Institute for Global Health Security.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Johns+Hopkins+biodefense+experts+head+in+new+direction&rft.pub=CIDRAP&rft.date=2003-09-23&rft.aulast=Roos&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cidrap.umn.edu%2Fnews-perspective%2F2003%2F09%2Fjohns-hopkins-biodefense-experts-head-new-direction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohns+Hopkins+Center+for+Health+Security" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUPMC_Center_for_Health_Security2017" class="citation web cs1">UPMC Center for Health Security (January 18, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/our-staff/profiles/henderson/index.html">"D. A. Henderson"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2017</span>. <q>He was Dean Emeritus and Professor at the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health and a Founding Director (1998) of the Johns Hopkins Center for Civilian Biodefense Strategies.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=D.+A.+Henderson&rft.date=2017-01-18&rft.au=UPMC+Center+for+Health+Security&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.centerforhealthsecurity.org%2Four-staff%2Fprofiles%2Fhenderson%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohns+Hopkins+Center+for+Health+Security" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParsons2003" class="citation web cs1">Parsons, Tim (September 22, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pages.jh.edu/~gazette/2003/22sep03/22global.html">"Public Health forms Global Health, Security Institute"</a>. Johns Hopkins Gazette<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 9,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biosecurity+and+Bioterrorism%3A+Biodefense+Strategy%2C+Practice%2C+and+Science+%7C+Issue+List&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.liebertpub.com%2Fbsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohns+Hopkins+Center+for+Health+Security" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bifurcatedneedle.com/about/">"About"</a>. <i>The Bifurcated Needle</i>. Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Bifurcated+Needle&rft.atitle=About&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bifurcatedneedle.com%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohns+Hopkins+Center+for+Health+Security" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/our-work/publications/?resultCount=9999&view=list">"All Publications"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 9,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=All+Publications&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.centerforhealthsecurity.org%2Four-work%2Fpublications%2F%3FresultCount%3D9999%26view%3Dlist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohns+Hopkins+Center+for+Health+Security" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCizek2019" class="citation web cs1">Cizek, Julia (January 7, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/our-work/events/2018_clade_x_exercise/index.html">"Clade X, a tabletop exercise hosted by the Center for Health Security"</a>. <i>Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Johns+Hopkins+Center+for+Health+Security&rft.atitle=Clade+X%2C+a+tabletop+exercise+hosted+by+the+Center+for+Health+Security&rft.date=2019-01-07&rft.aulast=Cizek&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.centerforhealthsecurity.org%2Four-work%2Fevents%2F2018_clade_x_exercise%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohns+Hopkins+Center+for+Health+Security" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCizek2019" class="citation web cs1">Cizek, Julia (January 7, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/our-work/events/2018_clade_x_exercise/livestream">"Livestream (Archived) from Clade X, a pandemic tabletop exercise"</a>. <i>Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Johns+Hopkins+Center+for+Health+Security&rft.atitle=Livestream+%28Archived%29+from+Clade+X%2C+a+pandemic+tabletop+exercise&rft.date=2019-01-07&rft.aulast=Cizek&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.centerforhealthsecurity.org%2Four-work%2Fevents%2F2018_clade_x_exercise%2Flivestream&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohns+Hopkins+Center+for+Health+Security" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCenter2019" class="citation web cs1">Center, Johns Hopkins (January 7, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/our-work/events/2018_clade_x_exercise/clade-x-resources">"Resources from Clade X, a day-long pandemic tabletop exercise"</a>. <i>Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Johns+Hopkins+Center+for+Health+Security&rft.atitle=Resources+from+Clade+X%2C+a+day-long+pandemic+tabletop+exercise&rft.date=2019-01-07&rft.aulast=Center&rft.aufirst=Johns+Hopkins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.centerforhealthsecurity.org%2Four-work%2Fevents%2F2018_clade_x_exercise%2Fclade-x-resources&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohns+Hopkins+Center+for+Health+Security" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-event_201-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-event_201_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-event_201_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohns_Hopkins_Center_for_Health_Security2020" class="citation web cs1">Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security (January 24, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/event201/">"Event 201, a pandemic exercise to illustrate preparedness efforts"</a>. <i>Event 201</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Event+201&rft.atitle=Event+201%2C+a+pandemic+exercise+to+illustrate+preparedness+efforts&rft.date=2020-01-24&rft.au=Johns+Hopkins+Center+for+Health+Security&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.centerforhealthsecurity.org%2Fevent201%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohns+Hopkins+Center+for+Health+Security" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kirsten Salyer (15 October 2019), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weforum.org/press/2019/10/live-simulation-exercise-to-prepare-public-and-private-leaders-for-pandemic-response/">"Live Simulation Exercise to Prepare Public and Private Leaders for Pandemic Response"</a>, press release from <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a>: "Event 201 exercise will bring together public and private leaders to inform multistakeholder cooperation for pandemic preparedness and response"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Full_Fact_Event_201-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Full_Fact_Event_201_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Full_Fact_Event_201_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fullfact.org/online/event-201-pitbull-coronavirus/">"US rapper Pitbull wrong to claim Event 201 was 'rehearsal' for coronavirus pandemic"</a>. <i>Full Fact</i>. February 18, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Full+Fact&rft.atitle=US+rapper+Pitbull+wrong+to+claim+Event+201+was+%27rehearsal%27+for+coronavirus+pandemic&rft.date=2021-02-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffullfact.org%2Fonline%2Fevent-201-pitbull-coronavirus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohns+Hopkins+Center+for+Health+Security" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johns_Hopkins_Center_for_Health_Security&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/08/health/coronavirus-pandemic-training-scenario/index.html">"Experts predicted a coronavirus pandemic years ago. Now it's playing out before our eyes"</a> CNN</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/our-work/Center-projects/completed-projects/spars-pandemic-scenario.html">"SPARS Pandemic Scenario"</a></li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bifurcatedneedle.com/"><i>The Bifurcated Needle</i></a>, the Center for Health Security's blog</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/cbn/index.html">Clinicians' Biosecurity News</a></i>, a twice monthly newsletter published by the Center</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/resources/rrc/">Rad Resilient City</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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white;width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zanvyl_Krieger_School_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences">Arts and Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiting_School_of_Engineering" title="Whiting School of Engineering">Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_School_of_Medicine" title="Johns Hopkins School of Medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Bloomberg_School_of_Public_Health" title="Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health">Public Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_School_of_Nursing" title="Johns Hopkins School of Nursing">Nursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Advanced_International_Studies" title="School of Advanced International Studies">International Studies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SAIS_Europe" title="SAIS Europe">Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carey_Business_School" title="Carey Business School">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_School_of_Education" title="Johns Hopkins School of Education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_Physics_Laboratory" title="Applied Physics Laboratory">Applied Physics Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Johns_Hopkins_University_Research_Centers_and_Institutes" title="List of Johns Hopkins University Research Centers and Institutes">Others</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peabody_Institute" title="Peabody Institute">Peabody Institute</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #002D72; color: white;width:1%">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homewood_Campus_of_Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Homewood Campus of Johns Hopkins University">Homewood Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Club" title="Johns Hopkins Club">Johns Hopkins Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homewood_Field" title="Homewood Field">Homewood Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homewood_Museum" title="Homewood Museum">Homewood Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evergreen_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Evergreen House">Evergreen House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Telescope_Science_Institute" title="Space Telescope Science Institute">Space Telescope Science Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peabody_Institute_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Peabody Institute Library">Peabody Institute Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Hospital" title="Johns Hopkins Hospital">Johns Hopkins Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Children%27s_Center" title="Johns Hopkins Children's Center">Johns Hopkins Children's Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #002D72; color: white;width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins" title="Johns Hopkins">Johns Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Johns_Hopkins_University_people" title="List of Johns Hopkins University people">Notable faculty and alumni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University#Presidents_of_the_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">University presidents</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #002D72; color: white;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Press" title="Johns Hopkins University Press"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Publications</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Press" title="Johns Hopkins University Press">Johns Hopkins University Press</a> (<a href="/wiki/Category:Johns_Hopkins_University_Press_academic_journals" title="Category:Johns Hopkins University Press academic journals">journals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Johns_Hopkins_University_Press_books" title="Category:Johns Hopkins University Press books">books</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_MUSE" class="mw-redirect" title="Project MUSE">Project MUSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University#Student_publications" title="Johns Hopkins University">Student publications</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #002D72; color: white;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Blue_Jays" title="Johns Hopkins Blue Jays"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Athletics</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Blue_Jays" title="Johns Hopkins Blue Jays">Blue Jays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Blue_Jays_football" title="Johns Hopkins Blue Jays football">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Blue_Jays_men%27s_lacrosse" title="Johns Hopkins Blue Jays men's lacrosse">Men's lacrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Blue_Jays_women%27s_lacrosse" title="Johns Hopkins Blue Jays women's lacrosse">Women's lacrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centennial_Conference" title="Centennial Conference">Centennial Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins%E2%80%93Loyola_lacrosse_rivalry" title="Johns Hopkins–Loyola lacrosse rivalry">Loyola rivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins%E2%80%93Maryland_lacrosse_rivalry" title="Johns Hopkins–Maryland lacrosse rivalry">Maryland rivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins%E2%80%93McDaniel_football_rivalry" title="Johns Hopkins–McDaniel football rivalry">McDaniel rivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins%E2%80%93Navy_football_rivalry" title="Johns Hopkins–Navy football rivalry">Navy (football) rivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins%E2%80%93Navy_lacrosse_rivalry" title="Johns Hopkins–Navy lacrosse rivalry">Navy (lacrosse) rivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins%E2%80%93Princeton_lacrosse_rivalry" title="Johns Hopkins–Princeton lacrosse rivalry">Princeton rivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins%E2%80%93Syracuse_lacrosse_rivalry" title="Johns Hopkins–Syracuse lacrosse rivalry">Syracuse rivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins%E2%80%93Virginia_lacrosse_rivalry" title="Johns Hopkins–Virginia lacrosse rivalry">Virginia rivalry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #002D72; color: white;width:1%">Student life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Johns_Hopkins_News-Letter" title="The Johns Hopkins News-Letter">The News-Letter</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Film_Festival" title="Johns Hopkins Film Festival">Johns Hopkins Film Festival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #002D72; color: white;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Talented_Youth" title="Center for Talented Youth">Center for Talented Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Writing_Seminars" title="Johns Hopkins Writing Seminars">Writing Seminars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_S._Eisenhower_Symposium" title="Milton S. Eisenhower Symposium">Eisenhower Symposium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Symposium" title="Foreign Affairs Symposium">Foreign Affairs Symposium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Shaw_Lectures_on_Diplomatic_History" title="Albert Shaw Lectures on Diplomatic History">Shaw Lectures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Johns_Hopkins_Health_System" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#000099;color:#c8102e;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000066, inset -2px -2px 0 #000066;;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Johns_Hopkins_Health_System" title="Template:Johns Hopkins Health System"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#c8102e">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Johns_Hopkins_Health_System" title="Template talk:Johns Hopkins Health System"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#c8102e">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Johns_Hopkins_Health_System" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Johns Hopkins Health System"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#c8102e">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Johns_Hopkins_Health_System" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Hospital" title="Johns Hopkins Hospital"><span style="color:#FFFF00">Johns Hopkins Health System</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#000099;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000066, inset -2px -2px 0 #000066;;color:#FFFF00;">Main campuses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Hospital" title="Johns Hopkins Hospital">Johns Hopkins Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Children%27s_Center" title="Johns Hopkins Children's Center">Johns Hopkins Children's Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Bayview_Medical_Center" title="Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center">Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#000099;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000066, inset -2px -2px 0 #000066;;color:#FFFF00;">Member institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_All_Children%27s_Hospital" title="Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital">All Children's Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_County_General_Hospital" title="Howard County General Hospital">Howard County General Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibley_Memorial_Hospital" title="Sibley Memorial Hospital">Sibley Memorial Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Hospital" title="Suburban Hospital">Suburban Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#000099;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000066, inset -2px -2px 0 #000066;;color:#FFFF00;">Community centers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Johns Hopkins Bethesda</li> <li>Johns Hopkins Greenspring</li> <li>Johns Hopkins Odenton</li> <li>Johns Hopkins White Marsh</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#000099;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000066, inset -2px -2px 0 #000066;;color:#FFFF00;">Affiliations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Krieger_Institute" title="Kennedy Krieger Institute">Kennedy Krieger Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_School_of_Medicine" title="Johns Hopkins School of Medicine">Johns Hopkins School of Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_School_of_Nursing" title="Johns Hopkins School of Nursing">Johns Hopkins School of Nursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Bloomberg_School_of_Public_Health" title="Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health">Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="University_of_Pittsburgh_Medical_Center_(UPMC)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#712C6B; color:#FFFFFF"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:University_of_Pittsburgh_Medical_Center" title="Template:University of Pittsburgh Medical Center"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:University_of_Pittsburgh_Medical_Center" title="Template talk:University of Pittsburgh Medical Center"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:University_of_Pittsburgh_Medical_Center" title="Special:EditPage/Template:University of Pittsburgh Medical Center"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="University_of_Pittsburgh_Medical_Center_(UPMC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_Medical_Center" title="University of Pittsburgh Medical Center"><span style="color:white;">University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC)</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#712C6B; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Pittsburgh</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UPMC_Shadyside" title="UPMC Shadyside">UPMC Shadyside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPMC_Presbyterian" title="UPMC Presbyterian">UPMC Presbyterian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPMC_Heart_and_Transplant_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="UPMC Heart and Transplant Hospital">UPMC Heart and Transplant Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPMC_Children%27s_Hospital_of_Pittsburgh" title="UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh">Children's Hospital</a></li> <li>Ear & Eye</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPMC_Magee-Women%27s_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="UPMC Magee-Women's Hospital">Magee Women's Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPMC_Mercy" title="UPMC Mercy">Mercy</a></li> <li>Montefiore</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPMC_St._Margaret" title="UPMC St. Margaret">St. Margaret</a></li> <li>Western Psychiatric Institute</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#712C6B; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UPMC_Altoona" title="UPMC Altoona">Altoona</a></li> <li>Bedford</li> <li>Carlisle</li> <li>Chautauqua</li> <li>Cole</li> <li>Community Osteopathic</li> <li>East</li> <li>Greene</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPMC_Hamot" title="UPMC Hamot">Hamot</a></li> <li>Hanover</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPMC_Harrisburg" title="UPMC Harrisburg">Harrisburg</a></li> <li>Horizon (Greenville and Shenango Valley)</li> <li>Jameson</li> <li>Kane</li> <li>Lititz</li> <li>Lock Haven</li> <li>McKeesport</li> <li>Memorial</li> <li>Muncy</li> <li>Northwest</li> <li>Passavant (Cranberry Township and McCandless)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPMC_Somerset" title="UPMC Somerset">Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPMC_Washington" title="UPMC Washington">Washington</a></li> <li>Wellsboro</li> <li>West Shore</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPMC_Western_Maryland" title="UPMC Western Maryland">Western Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPMC_Susquehanna_Williamsport" title="UPMC Susquehanna Williamsport">Williamsport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#712C6B; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>China (Chengdu)</li> <li>Ireland (<a href="/wiki/Aut_Even_Hospital" title="Aut Even Hospital">Aut Even</a>, <a href="/wiki/UPMC_Kildare" title="UPMC Kildare">Kildare</a>, Whitefield)</li> <li>Italy (<a href="/wiki/ISMETT" title="ISMETT">ISMETT</a>, Salvator Muni)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#712C6B; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UPMC_Sports_Performance_Complex" class="mw-redirect" title="UPMC Sports Performance Complex">UPMC Sports Performance Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPMC_Hillman_Cancer_Center" title="UPMC Hillman Cancer Center">UPMC Hillman Cancer Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPMC_Mercy_South_Side_Outpatient_Center" title="UPMC Mercy South Side Outpatient Center">UPMC Mercy South Side Outpatient Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyclinic_Medical_Center" title="Polyclinic Medical Center">UPMC Polyclinic Medical Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPMC_Braddock" title="UPMC Braddock">UPMC Braddock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbes_Tower" title="Forbes Tower">Forbes Tower</a></li> <li>UPMC Health Plan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPMC_Shadyside_School_of_Nursing" title="UPMC Shadyside School of Nursing">UPMC Shadyside School of Nursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Emergency_Medicine_of_Western_Pennsylvania" title="Center for Emergency Medicine of Western Pennsylvania">Center for Emergency Medicine of Western Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STAT_Medevac" title="STAT Medevac">STAT Medevac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Life_Sciences_Greenhouse" title="Pittsburgh Life Sciences Greenhouse">Pittsburgh Life Sciences Greenhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._Yuk" title="Mr. Yuk">Mr. Yuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Steel_Tower" title="U.S. Steel Tower">U.S. Steel Tower (corporate headquarters)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Pittsburgh_buildings#UPMC" title="List of University of Pittsburgh buildings">List of UPMC buildings in Pittsburgh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#712C6B; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Affiliation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh" title="University of Pittsburgh">University of Pittsburgh</a> Schools of the Health Sciences: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_School_of_Dental_Medicine" title="University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine">Dental Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_School_of_Health_and_Rehabilitation_Sciences" title="University of Pittsburgh School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences">Health and Rehabilitation Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_School_of_Medicine" title="University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_School_of_Nursing" title="University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing">Nursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_School_of_Pharmacy" title="University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy">Pharmacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_Graduate_School_of_Public_Health" title="University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health">Public Health</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#712C6B; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Sponsorships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UPMC_Cooper_Fieldhouse" title="UPMC Cooper Fieldhouse">UPMC Cooper Fieldhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPMC_Events_Center" title="UPMC Events Center">UPMC Events Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPMC_Park" title="UPMC Park">UPMC Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Biological_warfare_and_bioterrorism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bioterrorism" title="Template:Bioterrorism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bioterrorism" title="Template talk:Bioterrorism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bioterrorism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bioterrorism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Biological_warfare_and_bioterrorism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Biological_warfare" title="Biological warfare">Biological warfare</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bioterrorism" title="Bioterrorism">bioterrorism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unit_731#Biological_warfare" title="Unit 731">Unit 731</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Rajneeshee_bioterror_attack" title="1984 Rajneeshee bioterror attack">1984 Rajneeshee bioterror attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_California_medfly_attack" title="1989 California medfly attack">1989 California medfly attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_anthrax_attacks" title="2001 anthrax attacks">2001 anthrax attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_Green_ricin_plot" title="Wood Green ricin plot">Wood Green ricin plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_ricin_letters" title="2003 ricin letters">2003 ricin letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2013_ricin_letters" title="April 2013 ricin letters">2013 ricin letters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prevention<br />and response</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia_Group" title="Australia Group">Australia Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Public_Health_Agency" title="Caribbean Public Health Agency">Caribbean Public Health Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Health_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="Center for Health Security">Center for Health Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Center_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention">Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe_Convention_on_the_Prevention_of_Terrorism" title="Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism">Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA">Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Threat_Reduction_Agency" title="Defense Threat Reduction Agency">Defense Threat Reduction Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Centre_for_Disease_Prevention_and_Control" title="European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control">European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Health_Security_Initiative" title="Global Health Security Initiative">Global Health Security Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_Threat_Unit_(European_Commission)" class="mw-redirect" title="Health Threat Unit (European Commission)">Health Threat Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_Response_Network" title="Laboratory Response Network">Laboratory Response Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_and_Family_Welfare" title="Ministry of Health and Family Welfare">India's Ministry of Health and Family Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Biodefense_Analysis_and_Countermeasures_Center" title="National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center">National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Science_Advisory_Board_for_Biosecurity" title="National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity">National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Disarmament_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs">United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Medical_Research_Institute_of_Infectious_Diseases" title="United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases">United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biological_agent" title="Biological agent">Biological agents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthrax" title="Anthrax">Anthrax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avian_influenza" title="Avian influenza">Avian influenza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botulinum_toxin" title="Botulinum toxin">Botulinum toxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brucellosis" title="Brucellosis">Brucellosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkholderia_pseudomallei" title="Burkholderia pseudomallei">Burkholderia pseudomallei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlamydophila_psittaci" class="mw-redirect" title="Chlamydophila psittaci">Chlamydophila psittaci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coxiella_burnetii" title="Coxiella burnetii">Coxiella burnetii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebola" title="Ebola">Ebola</a></li> <li>Equine encephalitis <small>(<a href="/wiki/Eastern_equine_encephalitis_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern equine encephalitis virus">Eastern</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Western_equine_encephalitis_virus" title="Western equine encephalitis virus">Western</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_equine_encephalitis_virus" title="Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus">Venezuelan</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foodborne_illness" title="Foodborne illness">Foodborne illness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fungus" title="Fungus">Fungi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glanders" title="Glanders">Glanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hantavirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hantavirus">Hantavirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henipavirus" title="Henipavirus">Henipavirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legionnaires%27_disease" title="Legionnaires' disease">Legionnaires' disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marburg_virus" title="Marburg virus">Marburg virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mold_(fungus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mold (fungus)">Mold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bubonic_plague" title="Bubonic plague">Plague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricin" title="Ricin">Ricin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmonella_enterica" title="Salmonella enterica">Salmonella enterica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmonellosis" title="Salmonellosis">Salmonellosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoid_fever" title="Typhoid fever">Salmonella typhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">Smallpox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staphylococcus" title="Staphylococcus">Staphylococcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tularemia" title="Tularemia">Tularemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhus" title="Typhus">Typhus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viral_hemorrhagic_fever" title="Viral hemorrhagic fever">Viral hemorrhagic fever</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agro-terrorism" title="Agro-terrorism">Agro-terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthrax_hoaxes" title="Anthrax hoaxes">Anthrax hoaxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychochemical_weapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychochemical weapon">Psychochemical weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">Bacteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biocontainment" title="Biocontainment">Biocontainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_hazard" title="Biological hazard">Biological hazard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_warfare_in_popular_culture" title="Biological warfare in popular culture">Biological warfare in popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_bioweapon" title="Ethnic bioweapon">Ethnic bioweapon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_decontamination" title="Human decontamination">Decontamination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entomological_warfare" title="Entomological warfare">Entomological warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infection" title="Infection">Infectious disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">Virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxin" title="Toxin">Toxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">Terrorism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International law</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Protocol" title="Geneva Protocol">Geneva Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_Weapons_Convention" title="Biological Weapons Convention">Biological Weapons Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1540" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540">United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a 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