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<span>Milestones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Milestones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature_of_the_Revival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature_of_the_Revival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Literature of the Revival</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature_of_the_Revival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Results</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8D%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Чэшскае нацыянальнае адраджэнне – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чэшскае нацыянальнае адраджэнне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Чэскае нацыянальнае адраджэньне – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Чэскае нацыянальнае адраджэньне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Чешко национално възраждане – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Чешко национално възраждане" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaixement_nacional_txec" title="Renaixement nacional txec – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Renaixement nacional txec" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9_n%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_obrozen%C3%AD" title="České národní obrození – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="České národní obrození" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88e%C4%A5a_nacia_renaski%C4%9Do" title="Ĉeĥa nacia renaskiĝo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉeĥa nacia renaskiĝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance_culturelle_tch%C3%A8que" title="Renaissance culturelle tchèque – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Renaissance culturelle tchèque" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C5%A1ki_narodni_preporod" title="Češki narodni preporod – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Češki narodni preporod" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebangkitan_Nasional_Ceko" title="Kebangkitan Nasional Ceko – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kebangkitan Nasional Ceko" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cek%C5%B3_tautinis_atgimimas" title="Čekų tautinis atgimimas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Čekų tautinis atgimimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjechische_nationale_wedergeboorte" title="Tsjechische nationale wedergeboorte – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tsjechische nationale wedergeboorte" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czeskie_odrodzenie_narodowe" title="Czeskie odrodzenie narodowe – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Czeskie odrodzenie narodowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Zakladni_kamen_Narodniho_divadla.JPG/220px-Zakladni_kamen_Narodniho_divadla.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Zakladni_kamen_Narodniho_divadla.JPG/330px-Zakladni_kamen_Narodniho_divadla.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Zakladni_kamen_Narodniho_divadla.JPG/440px-Zakladni_kamen_Narodniho_divadla.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1231" data-file-height="589" /></a><figcaption>Ceremonial laying of the foundation stone of the <a href="/wiki/National_Theatre_(Prague)" title="National Theatre (Prague)">National Theatre</a>, 1868</figcaption></figure> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p>The <b>Czech National Revival</b> was a cultural movement which took place in the <a href="/wiki/Czech_lands" title="Czech lands">Czech lands</a> during the 18th and 19th centuries. The purpose of this movement was to revive the Czech <a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">language</a>, culture and national identity. The most prominent figures of the revival movement were <a href="/wiki/Josef_Dobrovsk%C3%BD" title="Josef Dobrovský">Josef Dobrovský</a> and <a href="/wiki/Josef_Jungmann" title="Josef Jungmann">Josef Jungmann</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Czech_National_Revival&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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lands">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bohemia" title="Kingdom of Bohemia">Kingdom of Bohemia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Czech National Revival</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Czechs" title="Czechs">People</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Czech Republic">Languages</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Slavic_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavic mythology">Mythology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Czech_folklore" title="Czech folklore">folklore</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Czech_cuisine" title="Czech cuisine">Cuisine</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Czech_Republic" title="Portal:Czech Republic">Czech Republic portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Template:Culture of the Czech Republic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Template talk:Culture of the Czech Republic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of the Czech Republic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_White_Mountain" title="Battle of White Mountain">Battle of White Mountain</a> in 1620, Czech lands experienced <a href="/wiki/Germanisation" title="Germanisation">Germanisation</a> politics spearheaded by the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg">Habsburg</a> emperors. </p><p>The oppression was also connected with religion – about one half of the inhabitants of Bohemia were Protestants (<i>see <a href="/wiki/Hussite" class="mw-redirect" title="Hussite">Hussite</a></i>) when the Habsburgs took power.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Habsburgs started rampant anti-Reformation and re-Catholicization efforts which made some Czech elites flee the country. This violent re-Catholicization has been suggested to be one of the reasons behind today's widespread <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic#Religion" title="Czech Republic">Czech atheism</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>During the two following centuries, Czech language had been more or less eradicated from state administration, literature, schools, <a href="/wiki/Charles_University" title="Charles University">Charles University</a>, and among the upper classes. Large numbers of books written in Czech were burned for confessional reasons. For example, Jesuit Antonín Koniáš alone is credited with burning as many as 30,000 Czech-language books.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gradually, Czech was reduced to a means of communication between peasants, who were often illiterate. Therefore, the revival looked for inspiration among ordinary Czechs in the countryside. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Milestones">Milestones</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Czech_National_Revival&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Milestones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Josef_Dobrovsk%C3%BD" title="Josef Dobrovský">Josef Dobrovský</a> published his Czech grammar book in 1809. In 1817, <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Hanka" title="Václav Hanka">Václav Hanka</a> claimed to have discovered medieval <a href="/wiki/Manuscripts_of_Dv%C5%AFr_Kr%C3%A1lov%C3%A9_and_Zelen%C3%A1_Hora" title="Manuscripts of Dvůr Králové and Zelená Hora">Manuscripts of Dvůr Králové and Zelená Hora</a>, which were decades later proven as Hanka's and Linda's forgeries. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Josef_Jungmann" title="Josef Jungmann">Josef Jungmann</a> published the five-volume Czech-German dictionary in 1834–1839. It was a major lexicographical work, which had a great formative influence on Czech. Jungmann used vocabulary of the <a href="/wiki/Bible_of_Kralice" title="Bible of Kralice">Bible of Kralice</a> (1579–1613) period and of the language used by his contemporaries. He borrowed words not present in Czech from other Slavic languages or created neologisms.<sup id="cite_ref-Czech_Literature_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Czech_Literature-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also inspired development of Czech scientific terminology, thus making it possible for original Czech research to develop. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Praha_N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_muzeum_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Praha_N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_muzeum_2.jpg/220px-Praha_N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_muzeum_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Praha_N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_muzeum_2.jpg/330px-Praha_N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_muzeum_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Praha_N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_muzeum_2.jpg/440px-Praha_N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_muzeum_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2960" data-file-height="1748" /></a><figcaption>National Museum in Prague, an important institution of the Revival</figcaption></figure> <p>This work was published by the <a href="/wiki/Matice_%C4%8Desk%C3%A1" title="Matice česká">Matice česká</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an institution created by František Palacký in 1831 as a branch of the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_(Prague)" title="National Museum (Prague)">National Museum</a>. The Matice became an important institution as it was at the time one of the few routes through which works in Czech could be published. In 1832 it took over the publication of the journal of the Bohemian Museum. This journal was important as it provided a forum for the Czech intelligentsia to publish their ideas in their own language, in contrast to the journal published by the Royal Bohemian Academy of Sciences, which was published in German. </p><p>With the renaissance of language, Czech culture flourished. Czech institutions were established to celebrate Czech history and culture. The <a href="/wiki/National_Theatre_(Prague)" title="National Theatre (Prague)">National Theatre</a> opened in 1883 and the National Museum in 1818. The foundations were financially supported by the nobility, industrialists, as well as the Habsburg emperors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature_of_the_Revival">Literature of the Revival</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Czech_National_Revival&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Literature of the Revival"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the beginning of the Revival, written works focused more on developing the language and culture. Artistic works became more common towards the later phase of the Revival and it is in this period that some of the defining works of Czech Literature appeared. </p><p>Possibly as a consequence of the domination of urban society by the German-speaking population at the start of the century, Czech writers of the period often looked to the countryside for inspiration. In a similar fashion to how the <a href="/wiki/Brothers_Grimm" title="Brothers Grimm">Brothers Grimm</a> recorded German folklore, <a href="/wiki/Karel_Jarom%C3%ADr_Erben" title="Karel Jaromír Erben">Karel Jaromír Erben</a> wrote <i>Prostonárodní české písně a říkadla</i> (Czech Folk Songs and Nursery Rhymes) which brought together various folktales.<sup id="cite_ref-Karel_Jaromír_Erben_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karel_Jaromír_Erben-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The countryside was looked to as the true Bohemia, where Czech folklore and traditions had survived away from the foreign influences of the cities. This can be seen in the work of <a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%BEena_N%C4%9Bmcov%C3%A1" title="Božena Němcová">Božena Němcová</a>, whose novel <i>The Grandmother</i> explores life in a rural East Bohemian village.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Results">Results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Czech_National_Revival&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a> became the language of the elites, literature, and after the creation of Czechoslovakia also the internal language of bureaucracy. Today Czech serves as the official language of the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>; however, due to the Revivalists' reverence for the outdated language of the <a href="/wiki/Kralice_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Kralice Bible">Kralice Bible</a>, which they used as a model for their grammar and dictionaries, a <a href="/wiki/Diglossia" title="Diglossia">gap</a> emerged between the everyday, colloquial language, and the learned language of literature,<sup id="cite_ref-Bohemia_in_History_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bohemia_in_History-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which to a lesser extent still exists. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raspraga.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Monument of Josef Jungmann in Prague"><img alt="Monument of Josef Jungmann in Prague" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Raspraga.jpg/120px-Raspraga.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Raspraga.jpg/180px-Raspraga.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Raspraga.jpg/240px-Raspraga.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="588" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Monument of <a href="/wiki/Josef_Jungmann" title="Josef Jungmann">Josef Jungmann</a> in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Franti%C5%A1ek_Ladislav_%C4%8Celakovsk%C3%BD_%E2%80%93_Jan_Vil%C3%ADmek_%E2%80%93_%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9_album.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="František Ladislav Čelakovský (1799–1852)"><img alt="František Ladislav Čelakovský (1799–1852)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Franti%C5%A1ek_Ladislav_%C4%8Celakovsk%C3%BD_%E2%80%93_Jan_Vil%C3%ADmek_%E2%80%93_%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9_album.jpg/91px-Franti%C5%A1ek_Ladislav_%C4%8Celakovsk%C3%BD_%E2%80%93_Jan_Vil%C3%ADmek_%E2%80%93_%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9_album.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Franti%C5%A1ek_Ladislav_%C4%8Celakovsk%C3%BD_%E2%80%93_Jan_Vil%C3%ADmek_%E2%80%93_%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9_album.jpg/137px-Franti%C5%A1ek_Ladislav_%C4%8Celakovsk%C3%BD_%E2%80%93_Jan_Vil%C3%ADmek_%E2%80%93_%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9_album.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Franti%C5%A1ek_Ladislav_%C4%8Celakovsk%C3%BD_%E2%80%93_Jan_Vil%C3%ADmek_%E2%80%93_%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9_album.jpg/183px-Franti%C5%A1ek_Ladislav_%C4%8Celakovsk%C3%BD_%E2%80%93_Jan_Vil%C3%ADmek_%E2%80%93_%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9_album.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2715" data-file-height="3566" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek_Ladislav_%C4%8Celakovsk%C3%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="František Ladislav Čelakovský">František Ladislav Čelakovský</a> (1799–1852)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PalackyLitho.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="František Palacký (1798–1876)"><img alt="František Palacký (1798–1876)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/PalackyLitho.jpg/93px-PalackyLitho.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/PalackyLitho.jpg/139px-PalackyLitho.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/PalackyLitho.jpg/186px-PalackyLitho.jpg 2x" data-file-width="722" data-file-height="932" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek_Palack%C3%BD" title="František Palacký">František Palacký</a> (1798–1876)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RS(1872)_p2.0833_Angriff_auf_den_Altst%C3%A4dter_Br%C3%BCckenthurm_zu_Prag.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="June Revolution in Prague (1848)"><img alt="June Revolution in Prague (1848)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/RS%281872%29_p2.0833_Angriff_auf_den_Altst%C3%A4dter_Br%C3%BCckenthurm_zu_Prag.jpg/110px-RS%281872%29_p2.0833_Angriff_auf_den_Altst%C3%A4dter_Br%C3%BCckenthurm_zu_Prag.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/RS%281872%29_p2.0833_Angriff_auf_den_Altst%C3%A4dter_Br%C3%BCckenthurm_zu_Prag.jpg/164px-RS%281872%29_p2.0833_Angriff_auf_den_Altst%C3%A4dter_Br%C3%BCckenthurm_zu_Prag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/RS%281872%29_p2.0833_Angriff_auf_den_Altst%C3%A4dter_Br%C3%BCckenthurm_zu_Prag.jpg/219px-RS%281872%29_p2.0833_Angriff_auf_den_Altst%C3%A4dter_Br%C3%BCckenthurm_zu_Prag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1914" data-file-height="2095" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848_in_the_Austrian_Empire" title="Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire">June Revolution</a> in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> (1848)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Czech_National_Revival&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czech_chemical_nomenclature" title="Czech chemical nomenclature">Czech chemical nomenclature</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Czech_National_Revival&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CZECH+LITERATURE%2C+1774+TO+1918&rft.pub=Oxford+University&rft.aulast=Naughton&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusers.ox.ac.uk%2F~tayl0010%2Flit_to_1918.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACzech+National+Revival" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120601060203/http://www.nm.cz/snm/matice/matice_historie.html">"Matice české"</a>. 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University of Glasgow. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arts.gla.ac.uk/Slavonic/Erben.html">the original</a> on 16 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Karel+Jarom%C3%ADr+Erben&rft.pub=University+of+Glasgow&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arts.gla.ac.uk%2FSlavonic%2FErben.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACzech+National+Revival" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancisca_de_Haan,_Krassimira_Daskalova,_Anna_Loutfi2006" class="citation book cs1">Francisca de Haan, Krassimira Daskalova, Anna Loutfi (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict0000unse_u3f7/page/366"><i>A Biographical Dictionary of Women's Movements and Feminisms: Central, Eastern and South Eastern Europe, 19th and 20th Centuries</i></a></span>. Budapest: Central European University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict0000unse_u3f7/page/366">366–369</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-963-7326-39-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-963-7326-39-4"><bdi>978-963-7326-39-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Biographical+Dictionary+of+Women%27s+Movements+and+Feminisms%3A+Central%2C+Eastern+and+South+Eastern+Europe%2C+19th+and+20th+Centuries&rft.place=Budapest&rft.pages=366-369&rft.pub=Central+European+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-963-7326-39-4&rft.au=Francisca+de+Haan%2C+Krassimira+Daskalova%2C+Anna+Loutfi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbiographicaldict0000unse_u3f7%2Fpage%2F366&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACzech+National+Revival" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bohemia_in_History-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bohemia_in_History_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeich1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mikul%C3%A1%C5%A1_Teich" title="Mikuláš Teich">Teich, Mikuláš</a> (1998). <i>Bohemia in History</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 189.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bohemia+in+History&rft.pages=189&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Teich&rft.aufirst=Mikul%C3%A1%C5%A1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACzech+National+Revival" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_revivals" title="Template:National revivals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_revivals" title="Template talk:National revivals"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_revivals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National revivals"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_revivals_during_the_19th_century62" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_revival" title="National revival">National revivals</a> during the 19th century</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_National_Awakening" title="Albanian National Awakening">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahda" title="Nahda">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_national_awakening" title="Armenian national awakening">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromanian_question" title="Aromanian question">Aromanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asturian_nationalism" title="Asturian nationalism">Asturian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_nationalism" title="Basque nationalism">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_national_revival" title="Belarusian national revival">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Renaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali Renaissance">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Revival" title="Bulgarian National Revival">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaixen%C3%A7a" title="Renaixença">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic revival">Celtic</a> (incl. <a href="/wiki/Gaelic_revival" title="Gaelic revival">Irish</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyrian_movement" title="Illyrian movement">Croatian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_national_awakening" title="Estonian national awakening">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fennoman_movement" title="Fennoman movement">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Movement" title="Flemish Movement">Flemish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorm%C3%A4rz" title="Vormärz">German <i>Vormärz</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rexurdimento" title="Rexurdimento">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_nationalism" title="Georgian nationalism">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_National_Awakening" title="Greek National Awakening">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_national_awakening" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian national awakening">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_independence_movement" title="Icelandic independence movement">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meiji_Restoration" title="Meiji Restoration">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_National_Awakening" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian National Awakening">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Revival" title="Lithuanian National Revival">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_nationalism" title="Macedonian nationalism">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_romantic_nationalism" title="Norwegian romantic nationalism">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9librige" title="Félibrige">Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_nationalism" title="Filipino nationalism">Philippine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_nationalism" title="Polish nationalism">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Principalities_of_Moldavia_and_Wallachia" title="United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Revival" title="Serbian Revival">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Arno%C5%A1t_Smoler" title="Jan Arnošt Smoler">Sorbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%BDudov%C3%ADt_%C5%A0t%C3%BAr" title="Ľudovít Štúr">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Slovenia" title="United Slovenia">Slovene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_nationalism" title="Turkish nationalism">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Movement">Ukrainian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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