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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Legacy and honors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Work</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hawaiian_bible" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hawaiian_bible"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Hawaiian bible</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hawaiian_bible-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Asa Thurston</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Asa_and_Lucy_Thurston_(full).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Asa_and_Lucy_Thurston_%28full%29.jpg/220px-Asa_and_Lucy_Thurston_%28full%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Asa_and_Lucy_Thurston_%28full%29.jpg/330px-Asa_and_Lucy_Thurston_%28full%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Asa_and_Lucy_Thurston_%28full%29.jpg/440px-Asa_and_Lucy_Thurston_%28full%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1574" data-file-height="1292" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Asa and Lucy Goodale Thurston, from a daguerreotype, circa 1864</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1787-10-12</span>)</span>October 12, 1787<br />Fitchburg, Massachusetts<br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1795-10-29</span>)</span>October 29, 1795<br />Marlborough, Massachusetts</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">October 13, 1868<span style="display:none">(1868-10-13)</span> (aged 81)<br />March 11, 1876<span style="display:none">(1876-03-11)</span> (aged 80)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Honolulu, Hawaii</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">American</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Missionary</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Goodale_Thurston" title="Lucy Goodale Thurston">Lucy Goodale Thurston</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Persis_Goodale_Thurston_Taylor" title="Persis Goodale Thurston Taylor">Persis Goodale</a>, Lucy Goodale, Asa Goodale, Mary Howe, Thomas Gairdner</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Asa Thurston</b> (October 12, 1787 – March 11, 1868) was a <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> missionary from the United States who was part of the first company of American <a href="/wiki/Mission_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mission (Christianity)">Christian missionaries</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Islands" title="Hawaiian Islands">Hawaiian Islands</a> with his wife <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Goodale_Thurston" title="Lucy Goodale Thurston">Lucy Goodale Thurston</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Asa_Thurston">Asa Thurston</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asa_Thurston&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Asa Thurston"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Fitchburg,_Massachusetts" title="Fitchburg, Massachusetts">Fitchburg, Massachusetts</a>, on October 12, 1787, Asa Thurston worked as a scythe maker until he was 22 years old. His parents were Lydia (Davis) and Thomas Thurston. He attended <a href="/wiki/Yale" class="mw-redirect" title="Yale">Yale</a> College, where he was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Linonian_Society" title="Linonian Society">Linonian Society</a> and graduated in 1816, and completed <a href="/wiki/Andover_Theological_Seminary" title="Andover Theological Seminary">Andover Theological Seminary</a> in 1819.<sup id="cite_ref-thurstons_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thurstons-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He married <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Goodale_Thurston" title="Lucy Goodale Thurston">Lucy Goodale</a>, and together they went as missionaries by the <a href="/wiki/Congregationalist_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregationalist Church">Congregationalist Church</a> to the Sandwich Islands in 1820. Thurston worked as a Protestant missionary in Hawaii for forty years, returning to New England only for the period 1840 to 1842. He also traveled to California in 1863. They saw religion and education as closely linked. </p><p>In Hawaii Thurston built churches and schools, and had a following among the people. He was one of the first to translate the Bible into the <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_language" title="Hawaiian language">Hawaiian language</a>. Together with the English missionary <a href="/wiki/William_Ellis_(British_missionary)" title="William Ellis (British missionary)">William Ellis</a>, he explored the islands and viewed the volcano <a href="/wiki/Kilauea" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilauea">Kilauea</a>. </p><p>After suffering a series of strokes, he began speaking in a mixture of English, Hawaiian, and Latin. He was moved to Honolulu, where he died on March 11, 1868. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy_and_honors">Legacy and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asa_Thurston&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Legacy and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The Thurston <a href="/wiki/Lava_tube" title="Lava tube">lava tube</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Volcanoes_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawaii Volcanoes National Park">Hawaii Volcanoes National Park</a> is named for his family.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mokuaikaua_Church_Kona.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Mokuaikaua_Church_Kona.jpg/220px-Mokuaikaua_Church_Kona.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Mokuaikaua_Church_Kona.jpg/330px-Mokuaikaua_Church_Kona.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Mokuaikaua_Church_Kona.jpg/440px-Mokuaikaua_Church_Kona.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2237" /></a><figcaption>Mokuʻaikaua Church today</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Work">Work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asa_Thurston&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A native Hawaiian named <a href="/wiki/Henry_Opukahaia" title="Henry Opukahaia">Opukahaia</a>, orphaned by the islands' wars, traveled to New England in 1809 (there is a monument to him in <a href="/wiki/Punaluu_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Punaluu Beach">Punaluʻu</a>) and learned to speak English. In 1818 his stories (along with a few other companions) about the islands convinced the <a href="/wiki/American_Board_of_Commissioners_for_Foreign_Missions" title="American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions">American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions</a> to send a company to Hawaii. Thurston and <a href="/wiki/Hiram_Bingham_I" title="Hiram Bingham I">Hiram Bingham I</a>, with whom he was ordained, were selected as leaders of the group which included a farmer, physician, three teachers, and a few native Hawaiian assistants. On October 12, 1819, he married Lucy Goodale, a cousin of a classmate. They set sail a few weeks later on October 23, 1819, from Boston for a five-month voyage on the small merchant ship <i>Thaddeus</i>. </p><p>After landing at <a href="/wiki/Kawaihae" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawaihae">Kawaihae</a> harbor on March 30, 1820, the Thurstons went first to <a href="/wiki/Kailua,_Hawaii_County,_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Kailua, Hawaii County, Hawaii">Kailua-Kona</a>, arriving there on April 12, 1820.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where they consulted with the British sailor <a href="/wiki/John_Young_(Hawaii)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Young (Hawaii)">John Young</a> who was an advisor King <a href="/wiki/Kamehameha_I" title="Kamehameha I">Kamehameha I</a>. They found the <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawaiian Religion">Hawaiian Religion</a> in turmoil, due to the death of Kamehameha I, and the ending of the <i>Kapu</i> system by Queen <a href="/wiki/Kaahumanu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaahumanu">Kaʻahumanu</a> and King <a href="/wiki/Kamehameha_II" title="Kamehameha II">Kamehameha II</a>. </p><p>They then traveled to <a href="/wiki/Maui" title="Maui">Maui</a>, then to <a href="/wiki/Oahu" title="Oahu">Oʻahu</a>, and finally back to Kailua-Kona in 1823. With the blessing of Royal Governor <a href="/wiki/John_Adams_Kuakini" class="mw-redirect" title="John Adams Kuakini">John Adams Kuakini</a>, he set up his congregation in a series of thatched huts. From about 1835 to 1837, he supervised the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Congregationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregationalist">Congregationalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Mokuaikaua_Church" title="Mokuaikaua Church">Mokuʻaikaua Church</a>, made from stone, which still stands today. The Thurstons with five children began a family prominent in the history of the islands up to the present: <a href="/wiki/Persis_Goodale_Thurston_Taylor" title="Persis Goodale Thurston Taylor">Persis Goodale</a> born September 28, 1821, Lucy Goodale born April 25, 1823, Asa Goodale born August 1, 1827, Mary Howe born June 3, 1831, and Thomas Gairdner born May 9, 1836.<sup id="cite_ref-thurstons_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thurstons-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hawaiian_bible">Hawaiian bible</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asa_Thurston&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Hawaiian bible"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Together with the group of the missionaries, that consisted of <a href="/wiki/Hiram_Bingham_I" title="Hiram Bingham I">Hiram Bingham</a> and others, Asa Thurston translated in 1832-1839 the <a href="/wiki/Bible_translations_into_Hawaiian" class="mw-redirect" title="Bible translations into Hawaiian">Christian Bible into Hawaiian</a>, <i>Ka Baibala Hemolele</i>. His translation was 25 percent of the New and Old Testaments, which was the largest contribution among the group.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asa_Thurston&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Their first daughter <a href="/wiki/Persis_Goodale_Thurston_Taylor" title="Persis Goodale Thurston Taylor">Persis Goodale Thurston Taylor</a> (1821–1906), born in Hawaii, became a painter and sketch artist and married Reverend Townsend Elijah Taylor. Their second daughter Lucy Goodale Thurston (1823–1841) came to New England to obtain a higher education but died from pneumonia soon after their arrival to New York. Their third child, Asa Goodale Tyerman Thurston (1827–1859) married Sarah Andrews. Their fourth child, Mary Howe Thurston (1831–1876), married Edwin A. Hayden and Marcus Benfield. Their fifth child, Thomas Gairdner Thurston graduated from Yale in 1862, studied theology, and returned to Hawaii, where he preached until the time of his death in 1884. Thomas Gairdner Thurston married Harriet Frances Richardson and Alice Gasking.<sup id="cite_ref-acab_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acab-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their son Asa Goodale Thurston married Sarah Andrews, daughter of the missionary <a href="/wiki/Lorrin_Andrews" title="Lorrin Andrews">Lorrin Andrews</a> of <a href="/wiki/Maui" title="Maui">Maui</a>. One of their children was <a href="/wiki/Lorrin_A._Thurston" title="Lorrin A. Thurston">Lorrin A. Thurston</a> (1857–1931), who was a leader of the 1893 <a href="/wiki/Overthrow_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii">overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii</a>. A great-great grandson is <a href="/wiki/Thurston_Twigg-Smith" title="Thurston Twigg-Smith">Thurston Twigg-Smith</a>. </p><p><br /> </p> <table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin: 0.3em auto auto; clear:none; min-width:100%; width:100%; font-size:85%; border:1px solid #aaa"> <tbody><tr> <th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 0.3em;background:none; color: inherit; width:100%"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output 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navbar-collapse navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Thurston_Hawaii_family_tree" title="Template:Thurston Hawaii family tree"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Thurston_Hawaii_family_tree" title="Template talk:Thurston Hawaii family tree"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Thurston_Hawaii_family_tree" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Thurston Hawaii family tree"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div class="navbar-ct-mini">Thurston Hawaii family tree</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"> <div class="center"> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Asa Thurston</a> <br /> (1787–1868)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Goodale_Thurston" title="Lucy Goodale Thurston">Lucy Goodale</a> <br /> (1795–1876)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Lorrin_Andrews" title="Lorrin Andrews">Lorrin Andrews</a> <br /> (1795–1868)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Mary Wilson<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">William Cornelius Shipman <br /> (1824–1861)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Persis_Goodale_Thurston_Taylor" title="Persis Goodale Thurston Taylor">Persis Goodale Thurston Taylor</a> <br /> (1821–1906)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Asa Goodale Thurston <br /> (1827–1859)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Sarah Andrews <br /> (1832–1899)</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/William_Herbert_Shipman" title="William Herbert Shipman">William Herbert Shipman</a> <br /> (1854–1943)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Margaret Clarissa <br /> Shipman</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Lorrin_A._Thurston" title="Lorrin A. Thurston">Lorrin A. Thurston</a> <br /> (1858–1931)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Harriet Elvira Potter<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>iii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/William_Twigg-Smith" title="William Twigg-Smith">William Twigg-Smith</a> <br /> (1883-1950)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Margaret Carter Thurston <br /> (1895–1976)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Lorrin Potter Thurston <br /> (1899-1984)</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Thurston_Twigg-Smith" title="Thurston Twigg-Smith">Thurston Twigg-Smith</a> <br /> (1921-2016)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>iv<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody></table> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><b>Notes:</b> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tc-lib.org/Missionaries/Profiles/AndrewsL.html">"TC LIB: Rev. Lorrin Andrews - Missionary to Hawaii"</a>. <i>www.tc-lib.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tc-lib.org&rft.atitle=TC+LIB%3A+Rev.+Lorrin+Andrews+-+Missionary+to+Hawaii&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tc-lib.org%2FMissionaries%2FProfiles%2FAndrewsL.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsa+Thurston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark1985" class="citation book cs1">Clark, John R. K. (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ligZzOytgK4C&pg=PA20&lpg=PA20&dq=margaret+clarissa+shipman+and+william+herbert"><i>Beaches of the Big Island</i></a>. University of Hawaii Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780824809768" title="Special:BookSources/9780824809768"><bdi>9780824809768</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beaches+of+the+Big+Island&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=9780824809768&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=John+R.+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DligZzOytgK4C%26pg%3DPA20%26lpg%3DPA20%26dq%3Dmargaret%2Bclarissa%2Bshipman%2Band%2Bwilliam%2Bherbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsa+Thurston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaplin1998" class="citation book cs1">Chaplin, George (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aEZlsHy70hUC&pg=PA387&lpg=PA387&dq=lorrin+a+thurston+harriet+potter"><i>Presstime in Paradise: The Life and Times of The Honolulu Advertiser, 1856-1995</i></a>. University of Hawaii Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780824820329" title="Special:BookSources/9780824820329"><bdi>9780824820329</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Presstime+in+Paradise%3A+The+Life+and+Times+of+The+Honolulu+Advertiser%2C+1856-1995&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780824820329&rft.aulast=Chaplin&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaEZlsHy70hUC%26pg%3DPA387%26lpg%3DPA387%26dq%3Dlorrin%2Ba%2Bthurston%2Bharriet%2Bpotter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsa+Thurston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNakaso2016" class="citation web cs1">Nakaso, Dan (2016-07-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.staradvertiser.com/2016/07/16/breaking-news/former-honolulu-advertiser-publisher-twigg-smith-dies/">"Former Honolulu Advertiser publisher Twigg-Smith dies"</a>. <i>Honolulu Star-Advertiser</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Honolulu+Star-Advertiser&rft.atitle=Former+Honolulu+Advertiser+publisher+Twigg-Smith+dies&rft.date=2016-07-16&rft.aulast=Nakaso&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.staradvertiser.com%2F2016%2F07%2F16%2Fbreaking-news%2Fformer-honolulu-advertiser-publisher-twigg-smith-dies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsa+Thurston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asa_Thurston&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Asa_Thurston" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Asa Thurston">Asa Thurston</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_translations_into_Hawaiian" class="mw-redirect" title="Bible translations into Hawaiian">Bible translations into Hawaiian</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asa_Thurston&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-thurstons-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thurstons_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thurstons_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThurston1892" class="citation book cs1">Thurston, Brown (1892). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SBBWAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA288"><i>Thurston genealogies</i></a> (2nd ed.). Portland, Maine. p. 288.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thurston+genealogies&rft.pages=288&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Portland%2C+Maine&rft.date=1892&rft.aulast=Thurston&rft.aufirst=Brown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSBBWAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA288&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsa+Thurston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tc-lib.org/Missionaries/Profiles/ThurstonA.html">Titus Coan Memorial Library, Rev. Asa Thurston - 1st Missionary Company 1820, retrieved March 11, 2019</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/43986/1/07_1lyon.pdf">No ka Baibala Hemolele: The Making of the Hawaiian Bible1 (Jeffrey Lyon, 2018), p. 124</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-acab-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-acab_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilsonFiske1889" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Grant_Wilson" title="James Grant Wilson">Wilson, J. G.</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Fiske_(philosopher)" title="John Fiske (philosopher)">Fiske, J.</a>, eds. (1889). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Thurston, Asa"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Appletons%27_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography/Thurston,_Asa">"Thurston, Asa" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Appletons%27_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography" title="Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography">Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography</a></i>. New York: D. Appleton.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Thurston%2C+Asa&rft.btitle=Appletons%27+Cyclop%C3%A6dia+of+American+Biography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=D.+Appleton&rft.date=1889&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsa+Thurston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asa_Thurston&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThurston1872" class="citation book cs1">Thurston, Lucy Goodale (1872). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f1MXAAAAYAAJ"><i>Life and Times of Mrs. Lucy G. Thurston: Wife of Rev. Asa Thurston, Pioneer Missionary to the Sandwich Islands</i></a>. reprinted by Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2007. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4325-4547-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4325-4547-5"><bdi>978-1-4325-4547-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+and+Times+of+Mrs.+Lucy+G.+Thurston%3A+Wife+of+Rev.+Asa+Thurston%2C+Pioneer+Missionary+to+the+Sandwich+Islands&rft.pub=reprinted+by+Kessinger+Publishing%2C+LLC%2C+2007&rft.date=1872&rft.isbn=978-1-4325-4547-5&rft.aulast=Thurston&rft.aufirst=Lucy+Goodale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df1MXAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsa+Thurston" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDibble1843" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Dibble" title="Sheldon Dibble">Dibble, Sheldon</a> (1843). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historysandwich00dibbgoog"><i>History of the Sandwich Islands</i></a>. Lahainaluna: Press of the Mission Seminary.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Sandwich+Islands&rft.place=Lahainaluna&rft.pub=Press+of+the+Mission+Seminary&rft.date=1843&rft.aulast=Dibble&rft.aufirst=Sheldon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistorysandwich00dibbgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsa+Thurston" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThurston1842" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Goodale_Thurston" title="Lucy Goodale Thurston">Thurston, Lucy Goodale</a> (1842). <i>The Missionarys Daughter A Memoir</i>. New York: American Tract Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Missionarys+Daughter+A+Memoir&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=American+Tract+Society&rft.date=1842&rft.aulast=Thurston&rft.aufirst=Lucy+Goodale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsa+Thurston" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Christianity_in_Hawaii" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christianity_in_Hawaii" title="Template:Christianity in Hawaii"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christianity_in_Hawaii" title="Template talk:Christianity in Hawaii"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity_in_Hawaii" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity in Hawaii"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Christianity_in_Hawaii" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Christianity in Hawaii</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Christian groups<br /> in Hawaii</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Hawaii" title="Church of Hawaii">Church of Hawaiʻi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Hawaii" title="Episcopal Diocese of Hawaii">Episcopal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Pacific_Baptist_Convention" title="Hawaii Pacific Baptist Convention">Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Honolulu" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Community_in_Hawaii" title="Eastern Catholic Community in Hawaii">Eastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_Hawaii" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Hawaii">Latter-day Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California-Nevada-Hawaii_District_(LCMS)" class="mw-redirect" title="California-Nevada-Hawaii District (LCMS)">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hope_Christian_Fellowship" title="New Hope Christian Fellowship">New Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Diocese_of_Los_Angeles,_Southern_California,_and_Hawaii" title="Coptic Orthodox Diocese of Los Angeles, Southern California, and Hawaii">Coptic Orthodox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthodox Church in Hawaii">Orthodox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic chapels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Crossroads" title="Church of the Crossroads">Church of the Crossroads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Basilica_of_Our_Lady_of_Peace" title="Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of Peace">Our Lady of Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waiakea_Mission_Station-Hilo_Station" title="Waiakea Mission Station-Hilo Station">Haili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hale_Halawai_O_Holualoa" title="Hale Halawai O Holualoa">Hōlualoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imiola_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Imiola Church">Imiola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka%27ahumanu_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Ka'ahumanu Church">Kaʻahumanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawaiaha%CA%BBo_Church" title="Kawaiahaʻo Church">Kawaiahaʻo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laie_Hawaii_Temple" title="Laie Hawaii Temple">Lāʻie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makawao_Union_Church" title="Makawao Union Church">Makawao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makiki_Christian_Church" title="Makiki Christian Church">Makiki Christian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Lanakila_Catholic_Church" title="Maria Lanakila Catholic Church">Maria Lanakila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokuaikaua_Church" title="Mokuaikaua Church">Mokuʻaikaua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_of_the_Sea_Painted_Church" title="Star of the Sea Painted Church">Star of the Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Church_of_Saint_Andrew,_Honolulu" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral Church of Saint Andrew, Honolulu">St. Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Benedict%27s_Catholic_Church_(Honaunau,_Hawaii)" title="St. Benedict's Catholic Church (Honaunau, Hawaii)">St. Benedict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph_Catholic_Church_(Hilo,_Hawaii)" title="Saint Joseph Catholic Church (Hilo, Hawaii)">St. Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael_the_Archangel_Church_(Kailua-Kona,_Hawaii)" title="St. Michael the Archangel Church (Kailua-Kona, Hawaii)">St. Michael the Archangel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waiola_Church" title="Waiola Church">Waiola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waioli_Mission_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Waioli Mission District">Waiʻoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wananalua_Congregational_Church" title="Wananalua Congregational Church">Wānanalua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_missionaries_to_Hawaii" title="List of missionaries to Hawaii">Missionaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Patterson_Alexander" title="William Patterson Alexander">W. P. Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorrin_Andrews" title="Lorrin Andrews">Lorrin Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Armstrong_(Hawaii_missionary)" title="Richard Armstrong (Hawaii missionary)">Richard Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Bachelot" title="Alexis Bachelot">Alexis Bachelot </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_Baldwin_(missionary)" title="Dwight Baldwin (missionary)">Dwight Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Bingham_I" title="Hiram Bingham I">Hiram Bingham I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Bingham_II" title="Hiram Bingham II">Hiram Bingham II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sereno_Edwards_Bishop" title="Sereno Edwards Bishop">Sereno Edwards Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Bond" class="mw-redirect" title="Elias Bond">Elias Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libert_H._Boeynaems" title="Libert H. Boeynaems">Libert H. Boeynaems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephraim_Weston_Clark" title="Ephraim Weston Clark">Ephraim Weston Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Coan" title="Titus Coan">Titus Coan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Starr_Cooke" title="Amos Starr Cooke">A. S. Cooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Cope" title="Marianne Cope">Marianne Cope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Coudrin" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Coudrin">Peter Coudrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_C._Damon" title="Samuel C. Damon">Samuel C. Damon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_Damien" title="Father Damien">Father Damien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Dibble" title="Sheldon Dibble">Sheldon Dibble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dole" title="Daniel Dole">Daniel Dole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dutton" title="Joseph Dutton">Joseph Dutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ellis_(British_missionary)" title="William Ellis (British missionary)">William Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursula_Newell_Emerson" title="Ursula Newell Emerson">Ursula Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Smith_Green" title="Jonathan Smith Green">J. S. Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Johnson_Gulick" title="Peter Johnson Gulick">P. J. Gulick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Oscar_Hall" title="Edwin Oscar Hall">E. O. Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merriman_Colbert_Harris" title="Merriman Colbert Harris">Merriman Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Rexford_Hitchcock" title="Harvey Rexford Hitchcock">H. R. Hitchcock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_McEwen_Hyde" title="Charles McEwen Hyde">Charles McEwen Hyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrit_P._Judd" title="Gerrit P. Judd">Gerrit P. Judd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Belden_Lyman" title="David Belden Lyman">David Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Lyons" title="Lorenzo Lyons">Lorenzo Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9_Maigret" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Désiré Maigret">Louis Maigret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_Paris" title="John Davis Paris">John D. Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harrison_Rice" title="William Harrison Rice">W. H. Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Richards_(Hawaii)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Richards (Hawaii)">William Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nettleship_Staley" title="Thomas Nettleship Staley">Thomas Staley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betsey_Stockton" title="Betsey Stockton">Betsey Stockton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Systermans" title="John M. Systermans">John M. Systermans</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Asa Thurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Goodale_Thurston" title="Lucy Goodale Thurston">Lucy Goodale Thurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abner_Wilcox" title="Abner Wilcox">Abner Wilcox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Willis" title="Alfred Willis">Alfred Willis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Native Christians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Akaka" title="Abraham Akaka">Abraham Akaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akaiko_Akana" title="Akaiko Akana">Akaiko Akana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hewahewa" title="Hewahewa">Hewahewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hoapili_Ka%CA%BBauwai" title="William Hoapili Kaʻauwai">William Hoapili Kaʻauwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Kahale" title="Edward Kahale">Edward Kahale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Kahokuoluna" title="Alice Kahokuoluna">Alice Kahokuoluna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Kamau" title="William Kamau">William Kamau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapi%CA%BBolani_(chiefess)" title="Kapiʻolani (chiefess)">Kapiʻolani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Kekela" title="James Kekela">James Kekela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kekumano" title="Charles Kekumano">Charles Kekumano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ke%C5%8Dp%C5%ABolani" title="Keōpūolani">Keōpūolani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helio_Koa%CA%BBeloa" title="Helio Koaʻeloa">Helio Koaʻeloa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Hulu_Mahoe" title="Joel Hulu Mahoe">Joel Hulu Mahoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Malo" title="David Malo">David Malo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonatana_Napela" title="Jonatana Napela">Jonatana Napela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Opukahaia" title="Henry Opukahaia">Henry Opukahaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puaaiki" title="Puaaiki">Puaʻaiki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Toleration_(Hawaii)" title="Edict of Toleration (Hawaii)">Edict of Toleration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Honolulu" title="French invasion of Honolulu">French invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laplace_affair" title="Laplace affair">Laplace affair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18921120#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18921120#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18921120#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asa_Thurston&oldid=1236510189">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asa_Thurston&oldid=1236510189</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Congregationalist_missionaries_in_Hawaii" title="Category:Congregationalist missionaries in Hawaii">Congregationalist missionaries in Hawaii</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_Congregationalist_missionaries" title="Category:American Congregationalist missionaries">American Congregationalist missionaries</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Translators_of_the_Bible_into_Polynesian_languages" title="Category:Translators of the Bible into Polynesian languages">Translators of the Bible into Polynesian languages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Translators_of_the_Bible_into_Hawaiian" 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