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for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">開/收內容一覽</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">螺旋模型</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="去睇另一種語文嘅文章。有23種語言版本。" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23種語言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B0%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="النموذج اللولبي – 阿拉伯文" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="النموذج اللولبي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_espiral" title="Model espiral – 加泰羅尼亞文" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Model espiral" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰羅尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiralstrategi" title="Spiralstrategi – 丹麥文" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Spiralstrategi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麥文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiralmodell" title="Spiralmodell – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Spiralmodell" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral_model" title="Spiral model – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Spiral model" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desarrollo_en_espiral" title="Desarrollo en espiral – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Desarrollo en espiral" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%86%DB%8C" title="مدل مارپیچی – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مدل مارپیچی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le_en_spirale" title="Modèle en spirale – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Modèle en spirale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%94" title="מתודולוגיית הספירלה – 希伯來文" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מתודולוגיית הספירלה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spir%C3%A1lmodell" title="Spirálmodell – 匈牙利文" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Spirálmodell" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_Spiral" title="Model Spiral – 印尼文" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Model Spiral" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modello_a_spirale" title="Modello a spirale – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Modello a spirale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%91%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A2%E3%83%87%E3%83%AB" title="スパイラルモデル – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スパイラルモデル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%98%EC%84%A0_%EB%AA%A8%ED%98%95" title="나선 모형 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="나선 모형" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiraalmodel" title="Spiraalmodel – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Spiraalmodel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_spiralny" title="Model spiralny – 波蘭文" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Model spiralny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modelo_em_espiral" title="Modelo em espiral – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Modelo em espiral" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Спиральная модель – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Спиральная модель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modeli_spiral" title="Modeli spiral – 阿爾巴尼亞文" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Modeli spiral" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿爾巴尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="சுழல் மாதிரியம் – 坦米爾文" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சுழல் மாதிரியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="坦米爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Спіральна модель – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Спіральна модель" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B4_h%C3%ACnh_xo%E1%BA%AFn_%E1%BB%91c" title="Mô hình xoắn ốc – 越南文" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mô hình xoắn ốc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="螺旋模型 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="螺旋模型" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1460738#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="改跨語言拎" class="wbc-editpage">改拎</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&section=1" title="編輯小節: 步驟"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>螺旋模型嘅每一次迴轉都會涉及以下嘅步驟<sup id="cite_ref-schell20148286_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schell20148286-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-boehm1988_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boehm1988-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-boehm2000_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boehm2000-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>： </p> <ol><li>決定<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%AE%E6%A8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="目標">目標</a>：由「啲客嘅意見」同「距離想要嘅產品爭幾遠」等嘅<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A" title="資訊">資訊</a>來源嗰度評估隻軟件<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E9%9C%80%E6%B1%82" title="軟件需求">需求達到啲咩要求</a>，從而知道隻軟件喺呢一次迴轉當中要達到啲咩目的（例：想整一隻<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2" title="電子遊戲">電子遊戲</a>，決定咗第一步係想成功造出隻遊戲入面嗰一個<a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9B%E6%93%AC%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="虛擬世界">虛擬世界</a>先）；喺呢個階段，軟件工程師會諗一柞可能嘅解決方案出嚟（例：諗吓要用啲乜嘢<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95" title="演算法">演算法</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E8%B3%87%E7%94%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="遊戲資產">遊戲資產</a>）；睇埋<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E9%9C%80%E6%B1%82" title="軟件需求">軟件需求</a>。</li> <li>諗同解決<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E9%9A%AA" title="風險">風險</a>：班軟件工程師睇勻嗮柞可能嘅解決方案，由啲方案當中揀出佢哋覺得最掂嗰個，然後佢哋就會度吓採取呢個方案會引起啲乜嘢風險同埋要點樣應對（例：隻電子遊戲想用一款好<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B5%E6%96%B0" title="創新">創新</a>嘅<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E6%A9%9F%E5%88%B6" title="遊戲機制">遊戲機制</a>，但因為前人冇用過呢種機制，班工程師擔心整咗件<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E5%8E%9F%E5%9E%8B" title="軟件原型">原型</a>出嚟先發現根本完全唔好玩）。睇埋<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="軟件設計">軟件設計</a>。</li> <li>郁手整件<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E5%8E%9F%E5%9E%8B" title="軟件原型">原型</a>：揀咗方案之後，就郁手寫<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%90%E7%A2%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="源碼">源碼</a>，整件<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E5%8E%9F%E5%9E%8B" title="軟件原型">原型</a>（prototype）出嚟－喺<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="工程學">工程學</a>上，一件<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%9E%8B" title="原型">原型</a>係指件<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%A2%E5%93%81" title="產品">產品</a>實際上行得嘅一個版本，整好咗就要做<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E6%B8%AC%E8%A9%A6" title="軟件測試">測試</a>，知道件原型達唔達得到想要嗰啲要求（例：揀好咗方案之後，就郁手寫個<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="遊戲程式">遊戲程式</a>嘅源碼嘅原型，寫好就試行吓，睇吓件原型行起上嚟點，達唔達到想要嘅效果）。</li> <li>計劃下次迴轉</li></ol> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spiral_model_(Boehm,_1988).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Spiral_model_%28Boehm%2C_1988%29.svg/480px-Spiral_model_%28Boehm%2C_1988%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="480" height="400" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Spiral_model_%28Boehm%2C_1988%29.svg/720px-Spiral_model_%28Boehm%2C_1988%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Spiral_model_%28Boehm%2C_1988%29.svg/960px-Spiral_model_%28Boehm%2C_1988%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="優劣"><span id=".E5.84.AA.E5.8A.A3"></span>優劣</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&section=2" title="編輯小節: 優劣"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%80%91%E5%B8%83%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="瀑布模型">瀑布模型</a>等嘅大多數開發模型比起嚟，螺旋模型最大嘅好處係有效噉應付風險：軟件開發通常都係有風險嘅－要整出一個行得嘅原型要用好耐時間，而且好多時都擔心辛苦整咗件原型出嚟先發覺有問題（例如一個創新嘅遊戲機制，做完<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E6%B8%AC%E8%A9%A6" title="遊戲測試">試玩</a>先至知冇想像中咁好玩）；相比之下，螺旋模型每次迴轉都整一嚿細嘅原型出嚟，每一次迴轉都會令件原型更加接近最後嘅成品－好似條<a href="/wiki/%E8%9E%BA%E7%B7%9A" title="螺線">螺線</a>噉愈轉愈大，而且喺每次郁手整原型之前就諗好嗮有乜可能會出錯嘅地方同點應對<sup id="cite_ref-boehm1988_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boehm1988-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-boehm2000_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boehm2000-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。喺廿一世紀初，螺旋模型係某啲軟件工程子領域（例如<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E8%A3%BD%E4%BD%9C" title="電子遊戲製作">電子遊戲製作</a><sup id="cite_ref-schell20148286_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schell20148286-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>）嘅業界標準，尤其常用於大型項目嘅開發。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="睇埋"><span id=".E7.9D.87.E5.9F.8B"></span>睇埋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&section=3" title="編輯小節: 睇埋"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%80%91%E5%B8%83%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="瀑布模型">瀑布模型</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="攷"><span id=".E6.94.B7"></span>攷</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&section=4" title="編輯小節: 攷"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2020813">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-schell20148286-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-schell20148286_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-schell20148286_1-1">1.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Schell, J. (2014). <i>The Art of Game Design: A book of lenses</i>. AK Peters/CRC Press. p. 82 - 86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-boehm1988-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-boehm1988_2-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-boehm1988_2-1">2.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Boehm, B (May 1988). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-scf.usc.edu/~csci201/lectures/Lecture11/boehm1988.pdf">A Spiral Model of Software Development and Enhancement</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">互聯網檔案館</a>嘅<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204648/https://www-scf.usc.edu/~csci201/lectures/Lecture11/boehm1988.pdf">歸檔</a>，歸檔日期2021年6月24號，." (PDF). <i>IEEE Computer</i>. 21 (5): 61-72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-boehm2000-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-boehm2000_3-0">3.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-boehm2000_3-1">3.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Boehm, B (July 2000). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://resources.sei.cmu.edu/asset_files/SpecialReport/2000_003_001_13655.pdf">Spiral Development: Experience, Principles, and Refinements</a>" (PDF). <i>Special Report</i>. Software Engineering Institute. CMU/SEI-2000-SR-008.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="拎"><span id=".E6.8B.8E"></span>拎</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&section=5" title="編輯小節: 拎"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/software-engineering-spiral-model/">Software Engineering | Spiral Model</a>. <i>GeeksforGeeks</i></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="軟件工程" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">基本概念</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6" title="電腦軟件">軟件</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9F%E5%88%A9%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6" title="牟利軟件">牟利</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6" title="自由軟件">自由</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E6%BA%90%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6" title="開源軟件">開源</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E9%96%8B%E6%BA%90%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6" title="自由開源軟件">自由開源</a>軟件）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E7%B7%A8%E5%AF%AB" title="電腦程式編寫">電腦程式編寫</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E5%A1%8A%E5%8C%96%E7%B7%A8%E7%A8%8B" title="模塊化編程">模塊化編程</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%B7%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%98%85%E5%A4%A7%E7%B6%B1" title="電腦編程嘅大綱">程式編寫大綱</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%82%E7%AB%AF%E7%94%A8%E5%AE%B6" title="終端用家">終端用家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%AB" title="軟件工程師">工程師</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%80%E6%B1%82%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="需求分析">需求分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E9%9C%80%E6%B1%82" title="軟件需求">軟件需求</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E9%9C%80%E6%B1%82" title="功能需求">功能</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E9%9C%80%E6%B1%82" title="非功能需求">非功能</a>需求）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E8%A7%A3_(%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8)" title="分解 (電腦科學)">分解</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%B5%E8%94%93%E5%BB%B6" title="特徵蔓延">特徵蔓延</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%87%E8%A3%BD%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7" title="複製保護">複製保護</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="系統分析">系統分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOLID" title="SOLID">SOLID 原則</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E6%9C%AA%E4%BE%86" title="防未來">防未來</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Icon_(80027)_-_The_Noun_Project.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Icon_%2880027%29_-_The_Noun_Project.svg/150px-Icon_%2880027%29_-_The_Noun_Project.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Icon_%2880027%29_-_The_Noun_Project.svg/225px-Icon_%2880027%29_-_The_Noun_Project.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Icon_%2880027%29_-_The_Noun_Project.svg/300px-Icon_%2880027%29_-_The_Noun_Project.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E8%B3%AA%E7%B4%A0" title="軟件質素">軟件質素</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">軟件內部</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%A7%E7%B4%B0%E4%BC%B0%E8%A8%88" title="軟件大細估計">大細</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%AE%80%E5%BA%A6" title="可讀度">可讀度</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E7%A2%BC%E9%9B%A3%E8%AE%80%E5%8C%96" title="代碼難讀化">代碼難讀化</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E5%8F%AF%E6%B8%AC%E8%A9%A6%E5%BA%A6" title="軟件可測試度">可測試度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E7%B6%AD%E8%AD%B7%E5%BA%A6" title="可維護度">可維護度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E5%8F%AF%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D%E5%BA%A6" title="軟件可移植度">可移植度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%BF%94%E7%94%A8%E5%BA%A6" title="可返用度">可返用度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%BB%B6%E4%BC%B8%E5%BA%A6" title="可延伸度">可延伸度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B9%E9%8C%AF%E8%83%BD%E5%8A%9B" title="容錯能力">容錯能力</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">軟件外部</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E6%95%88%E7%8E%87" title="演算法效率">效率</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%96%E7%A2%BA%E5%90%8C%E7%B2%BE%E7%A2%BA" title="準確同精確">準確同精確</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="可靠度工程">可靠度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%91%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%A6" title="頑健度">頑健度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%93%E7%94%A8%E5%BA%A6" title="易用度">易用度</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC" title="軟件開發">軟件開發</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E9%A0%85%E7%9B%AE%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="軟件項目管理">項目管理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%A1%8C%E5%BA%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="可行度研究">可行度研究</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0%E6%88%90%E6%9C%AC%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="構造成本模型">COCOMO</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="軟件設計">設計</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E7%95%AB%E5%89%87" title="軟件畫則">畫則</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%9B%A4_(%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC)" title="沙盤 (軟件開發)">沙盤</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F" title="軟件設計模式">設計模式</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%8A%E8%87%B3%E4%B8%8B%E5%90%8C%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%8B%E8%87%B3%E4%B8%8A%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="由上至下同由下至上設計">由上至下同由下至上</a>）</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%AB%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7" title="寫程式工具">寫程式工具</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B4%E5%90%88%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83" title="整合開發環境">IDE</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E5%BB%BA%E9%80%A0" title="軟件建造">建造</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%84%E5%BB%BA%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E5%8C%96" title="組建自動化">組建自動化</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E6%9C%80%E4%BD%B3%E5%8C%96" title="軟件最佳化">最佳化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="版本控制">版本控制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E5%8E%9F%E5%9E%8B" title="軟件原型">原型</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E7%B5%84%E5%BB%BA" title="軟件組建">組建</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E6%B8%AC%E8%A9%A6" title="軟件測試">測試</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E9%99%A4%E9%8C%AF" title="程式除錯">Debug</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%99%A4%E9%8C%AF%E5%99%A8" title="除錯器">除錯器</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E9%A9%97%E8%AD%89" title="軟件驗證">驗證</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F" title="軟件版本週期">軟件版本週期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%93%E7%94%A8%E5%BA%A6%E6%AA%A2%E6%B8%AC" title="易用度檢測">易用度檢測</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%93%E7%94%A8%E5%BA%A6%E6%B8%AC%E8%A9%A6" title="易用度測試">測試</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E7%B6%AD%E8%AD%B7" title="軟件維護">維護</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4" title="軟件考古">考古</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D" title="軟件移植">移植</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%8C%96%E5%90%8C%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%96" title="國際化同本地化">國際化同本地化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%BD%E4%BD%9C%E5%9C%B0%E7%8D%84" title="製作地獄">製作地獄</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="軟件開發過程">開發模型</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%80%91%E5%B8%83%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="瀑布模型">瀑布模型</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">螺旋模型</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%9E%E9%80%B2%E5%BB%BA%E9%80%A0%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="增進建造模型">增進建造</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%96%8A%E4%BB%A3%E5%A2%9E%E9%80%B2%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC" title="疊代增進開發">疊代增進</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC" title="快速應用程式開發">RAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%8F%E6%8D%B7%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC" title="敏捷軟件開發">敏捷</a>（<a href="/wiki/Scrum" title="Scrum">Scrum</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%8B%E6%9D%BF" title="看板">看板</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E9%99%90%E7%B7%A8%E7%A8%8B" title="極限編程">極限編程</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="V-模型">V-模型</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="電腦科學">相關領域</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" 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