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From Quanzhou to the Sulu Zone and beyond: Questions Related to the Early Fourteenth Century on JSTOR
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" alt="Journal of Southeast Asian Studies" data-qa="cover-image"> </pharos-link> </div> <div class="turnaway-content__article-summary-info"> <div class="badge content-type-label" data-qa="content-type"> journal article </div> <turnaway-pharos-heading no-margin="true" class="title-font" level="1" preset="5"> From Quanzhou to the Sulu Zone and beyond: Questions Related to the Early Fourteenth Century </turnaway-pharos-heading> <div class="author-font"> Roderich Ptak </div> <div class="turnaway-content__summary row"> <div class="columns"> <div> Journal of Southeast Asian Studies </div> <div> <turnaway-pharos-link href="/stable/i20072041"> Vol. 29, No. 2 (Sep., 1998)</turnaway-pharos-link>, pp. 269-294 (26 pages) </div> <div> Published By: Cambridge University Press </div> </div> <div class="columns"> <div class="cover-image show-for-xlarge-up"> <pharos-link class="cover-url" href="/journal/jsoutasiastud" data-qa="cover-link"> <img class="cover" aria-label="Thumbnail" 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" alt="Journal of Southeast Asian Studies" data-qa="cover-image"> </pharos-link> </div> </div> </div> <div class="turnaway-content__summary"> <div data-qa="stable-url" class="stable_url"> <span>https://www.</span><span>jstor</span><span>.org</span>/stable/20072046 </div> </div> <div class="turnaway-content__summary"> <div class="citation__mount-point" data-trigger-type="link" data-doi="10.2307/20072046"></div> </div> <div class="access-options__mount-point" data-props="{"authenticationStatus": "Unauthenticated", "contentInfo": {"isRegisterAndRead": true, "isJpass": true, "isPurchasable": true, "viewsRemaining": 100, "isImage": false, "title": "From Quanzhou to the Sulu Zone and beyond: Questions Related to the Early Fourteenth Century", "purchaseOffer": {"context": "article", "price": "34.00"}, "offers": [{"context": "article", "price": "34.00"}], "isPamphlet": false, "pamphletListUrl": "", "issueStableUrl": "/stable/i20072041"}, "registerAndReadLimit": 100, "isInstitutionalUser": false, "dois": {"doi": "20072046", "referringDoi": "10.2307/20072046", "shortenedReferringDoi": "20072046", "issueDoi": "/stable/i20072041"}, "jpassOffers": [{"duration": "month", "offerCode": "SlBBU1MtSS1Nb250aA", "articles": 10, "price": 19.5}, {"duration": "year", "offerCode": "SlBBU1MtSS1ZZWFy", "articles": 120, "price": 199}]}"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="turnaway-content__article-preview"> <div class="turnaway-content__article-preview-container"> <div class="view-preview-title" data-qa="view_preview_title" tabindex="0"> <turnaway-pharos-heading level="2" no-margin="true" preset="2"> This is a preview. <turnaway-pharos-link data-sc="turnaway-content-article-preview-access-link" on-background href="/institutionSearch?redirectUri=%2fstable%2f$20072046">Log in to get access</turnaway-pharos-link> </turnaway-pharos-heading> </div> <div data-sc="turnaway-preview" id="article_preview_image" class="turnaway-content__article-preview-item visuallyhidden"> <div class="view-preview-hover-content"> <turnaway-pharos-heading level="2" preset="2">Preview</turnaway-pharos-heading> </div> <div class="relative scan-image-wrapper loading"> <img class="preview-image page-scan-container" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-page="" data-last="1" alt=""/> </div> </div> <div id="loading-spinner"><turnaway-pharos-loading-spinner></turnaway-pharos-loading-spinner></div> </div> <div hidden id="article_preview_data" data-doi="20072046" data-page="269" data-pagename="1 of 26 pages" data-s3="s3://sequoia-cedar/cid-prod-1/f4fb51e2/2e9b/3ef6/99e3/ccb002e521fc/i20072041/20072046/graphic/pages/dtc.45.tif.gif" data-ocr="czM6Ly9zZXF1b2lhLWNlZGFyL2NpZC1wcm9kLTEvZjRmYjUxZTIvMmU5Yi8zZWY2Lzk5ZTMvY2NiMDAyZTUyMWZjL2kyMDA3MjA0MS8yMDA3MjA0Ni9vY3JzLzQ1LnhtbF9fLi5KU1RPUl9PQ1JfSlNPTg" data-pagecount="26"> </div> <div class="turnaway-content__article-information"> <!-- Abstract Block --> <turnaway-pharos-heading level="3" preset="2">Abstract</turnaway-pharos-heading> <div class="turnaway-summary-preview"> <p class="summary-paragraph">In the age of sail two major trade arteries connected China to Southeast Asia. The eastern link, from Fujian to the Sulu Zone and the Moluccas, appears to have been particularly active under the Yuan. Descriptive elements, concepts of space, commodity flows, and other indicators, mainly found in Chinese sourves, as well as certain political developments point to this constellation.</p> </div> <!-- Topics Block --> <!-- Journal Information --> <div> <turnaway-pharos-heading level="3" preset="2">Journal Information</turnaway-pharos-heading> <div class="turnaway-summary-preview"> <p class="summary-paragraph">The Journal of Southeast Asian Studies is one of the principal outlets for scholarly articles on Southeast Asia (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, East Timor, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam). Embracing a wide range of academic disciplines in the humanities and social sciences, the journal publishes manuscripts oriented toward a scholarly readership but written to be accessible to non-specialists. The extensive book review section includes works in Southeast Asian languages.</p> </div> </div> <div> <turnaway-pharos-heading level="3" preset="2">Publisher Information</turnaway-pharos-heading> <div class="turnaway-summary-preview"> <p class="summary-paragraph">Cambridge University Press (www.cambridge.org) is the publishing division of the University of Cambridge, one of the world鈥檚 leading research institutions and winner of 81 Nobel Prizes. Cambridge University Press is committed by its charter to disseminate knowledge as widely as possible across the globe. It publishes over 2,500 books a year for distribution in more than 200 countries. Cambridge Journals publishes over 250 peer-reviewed academic journals across a wide range of subject areas, in print and online. Many of these journals are the leading academic publications in their fields and together they form one of the most valuable and comprehensive bodies of research available today. For more information, visit http://journals.cambridge.org. </p> </div> </div> <div> <turnaway-pharos-heading level="3" preset="2">Rights & Usage</turnaway-pharos-heading> <p class="summary-paragraph"> <strong>This item is part of a JSTOR Collection.</strong> <br> For terms and use, please refer to our <turnaway-pharos-link href="https://about.jstor.org/terms/" target="_blank" title="This link opens in a new window">Terms and Conditions </turnaway-pharos-link> <br> <!-- Copyright statements --> Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 漏 1998 <span data-qa="copyright-publisher-link" class="copyright-publisher-link"><a href="/web/20221203140707/https://www.jstor.org/publisher/dhnus" class="publisher-link">Department of History, National University of Singapore</a></span> <br> <!-- Request permissions --> <turnaway-pharos-link class="ccc-logo" id="copyright_citation_url" href="https://marketplace.copyright.com/rs-ui-web/mp/search/journal/00224634" target="_blank" title="This link opens in a new window"> Request Permissions </turnaway-pharos-link> </p> </div> </div> <div id="cdt" data-jimg-host="pt.j-img.org" data-content-id="f4fb51e2-2e9b-3ef6-99e3-ccb002e521fc" data-uuid="76dd4647-a7ed-428e-a82f-92785d1fb4d1" data-urp="true"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="main-content-without-margin"> </div> </main> <div id="screen-reader-notification" class="visuallyhidden" role="alert" aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="false" aria-relevant="additions"></div> <div id="screen-reader-alert" class="visuallyhidden" role="alert" aria-live="assertive" aria-atomic="false" aria-relevant="additions"></div> <div id="registeredFooterMountPoint"></div> <div id="csrfTokenCookie" class="hide"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="rBqofjsZaxkC8dV9V0ucajKzF1ws7zM1Hq4Yq3LuoEfGsxsiOA3zdqV2peTHyZu0"> </div> <script> var globalFlags = { "trackWebVitals": true } </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//web.archive.org/web/20221203140707js_/https://www.jstor.org/assets/global_20221201T191329/build/global/js/global.min.js"></script> <script> var utilsData = {}; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//web.archive.org/web/20221203140707js_/https://www.jstor.org/assets/turnaway_20221130T162740/build/turnaway/js/preview_access.min.js"></script> <noscript> <img src="/web/20221203140707im_/https://www.jstor.org/capns_log/nojs" alt=""> </noscript> <div id="env_info" class="hide" data-debug="False" data-env="prod"> </div> <script> var logPerimeterXLoadingErrors = function() { if (window.perimeterXLoadingErrors) { for (var property in window.perimeterXLoadingErrors) { if (window.perimeterXLoadingErrors.hasOwnProperty(property)) { jslogger.log_event("error", "perimeterx." + property + ".loadingError", {errorType: window.perimeterXLoadingErrors[property]}); } } } } </script> </body> </html> <!-- FILE ARCHIVED ON 14:07:07 Dec 03, 2022 AND RETRIEVED FROM THE INTERNET ARCHIVE ON 17:49:57 Nov 27, 2024. 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