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molding processes</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: injection molding processes"> <meta name="keywords" content="injection molding processes"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="injection molding processes"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 6511</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: injection molding processes</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6511</span> Optimization of Two Quality Characteristics in Injection Molding Processes via Taguchi Methodology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20C.%20Chen">Joseph C. Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Venkata%20Karthik%20Jakka"> Venkata Karthik Jakka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main objective of this research is to optimize tensile strength and dimensional accuracy in injection molding processes using Taguchi Parameter Design. An L16 orthogonal array (OA) is used in Taguchi experimental design with five control factors at four levels each and with non-controllable factor vibration. A total of 32 experiments were designed to obtain the optimal parameter setting for the process. The optimal parameters identified for the shrinkage are shot volume, 1.7 cubic inch (A4); mold term temperature, 130 ºF (B1); hold pressure, 3200 Psi (C4); injection speed, 0.61 inch3/sec (D2); and hold time of 14 seconds (E2). The optimal parameters identified for the tensile strength are shot volume, 1.7 cubic inch (A4); mold temperature, 160 ºF (B4); hold pressure, 3100 Psi (C3); injection speed, 0.69 inch3/sec (D4); and hold time of 14 seconds (E2). The Taguchi-based optimization framework was systematically and successfully implemented to obtain an adjusted optimal setting in this research. The mean shrinkage of the confirmation runs is 0.0031%, and the tensile strength value was found to be 3148.1 psi. Both outcomes are far better results from the baseline, and defects have been further reduced in injection molding processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injection%20molding%20processes" title="injection molding processes">injection molding processes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taguchi%20parameter%20design" title=" taguchi parameter design"> taguchi parameter design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20strength" title=" tensile strength"> tensile strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-density%20polyethylene%28HDPE%29" title=" high-density polyethylene(HDPE)"> high-density polyethylene(HDPE)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91601/optimization-of-two-quality-characteristics-in-injection-molding-processes-via-taguchi-methodology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91601.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6510</span> Molding Properties of Cobalt-Chrome-Based Feedstocks Used in Low-Pressure Powder Injection Molding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Gholami">Ehsan Gholami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vincent%20Demers"> Vincent Demers</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Low-pressure powder injection molding is an emerging technology for cost-effectively producing complex shape metallic parts with the proper dimensional tolerances, either in high or in low production volumes. In this study, the molding properties of cobalt-chrome-based feedstocks were evaluated for use in a low-pressure powder injection molding process. The rheological properties of feedstock formulations were obtained by mixing metallic powder with a proprietary wax-based binder system. Rheological parameters such as reference viscosity, shear rate sensitivity index, and activation energy for viscous flow, were extracted from the viscosity profiles and introduced into the Weir model to calculate the moldability index. Feedstocks were experimentally injected into a spiral mold cavity to validate the injection performance calculated with the model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binder" title="binder">binder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feedstock" title=" feedstock"> feedstock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moldability" title=" moldability"> moldability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=powder%20injection%20molding" title=" powder injection molding"> powder injection molding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscosity" title=" viscosity"> viscosity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93003/molding-properties-of-cobalt-chrome-based-feedstocks-used-in-low-pressure-powder-injection-molding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93003.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6509</span> Optimization of Plastic Injection Molding Parameters by Altering Gate and Runner of Feeding System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Ramezani">Ali Ramezani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Balancing feeding system of plastic injection molding has overriding importance as it minimizes the process’s product defects such as weld line, shrinkage, sink marks and warpage. This article presents the difference between optimization of feeding system in identical multi-cavity molding and family molding using Moldflow Plastic Insight software. In this work, the effect of dimension, shape, position and type of gates and runners on the products quality was studied. The optimization was carried out by analyzing plastic injection molding process parameters, including melt temperature, mold temperature, cooling time, cooling temperature packing time and packing pressure. It was found that symmetrical feeding system is the most efficient shape for diminishing defects in identical multi-cavity molding. However, the same results were not concluded for family molding due to the differences between volume, mass, thickness and shape of cavities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=balancing%20feeding%20system" title="balancing feeding system">balancing feeding system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family%20molding" title=" family molding"> family molding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-cavity" title=" multi-cavity"> multi-cavity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moldflow" title=" Moldflow"> Moldflow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20injection" title=" plastic injection "> plastic injection </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126876/optimization-of-plastic-injection-molding-parameters-by-altering-gate-and-runner-of-feeding-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126876.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6508</span> Development of Swing Valve for Gasoline Turbocharger Using Hybrid Metal Injection Molding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20S.%20So">B. S. So</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20H.%20Yoon"> Y. H. Yoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20O.%20Jung"> J. O. Jung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20S.%20Bae"> K. S. Bae</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Metal Injection Molding (MIM) is a technology that combines powder metallurgy and injection molding. Particularly, it is widely applied to the manufacture of precision mobile parts and automobile turbocharger parts because compact precision parts with complicated three-dimensional shapes that are difficult to machining are formed into a large number of finished products. The swing valve is a valve that adjusts the boost pressure of the turbocharger. Since the head portion is exposed to the harsh temperature condition of about 900 degrees in the gasoline GDI engine, it is necessary to use Inconel material with excellent heat resistance and abrasion resistance, resulting in high manufacturing cost. In this study, we developed a swing valve using a metal powder injection molding based hybrid material (Inconel 713C material with heat resistance is applied to the head part, and HK30 material with low price is applied to the rest of the body part). For this purpose, the process conditions of the metal injection molding were optimized to minimize the internal defects, and the effectiveness was confirmed by the fracture strength and fatigue test. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20metal%20injection%20molding" title="hybrid metal injection molding">hybrid metal injection molding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swing%20valve" title=" swing valve"> swing valve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbocharger" title=" turbocharger"> turbocharger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double%20injection" title=" double injection"> double injection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95552/development-of-swing-valve-for-gasoline-turbocharger-using-hybrid-metal-injection-molding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95552.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">213</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6507</span> Online Monitoring Rheological Property of Polymer Melt during Injection Molding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chung-Chih%20Lin">Chung-Chih Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chien-Liang%20Wu"> Chien-Liang Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The detection of the polymer melt state during manufacture process is regarded as an efficient way to control the molded part quality in advance. Online monitoring rheological property of polymer melt during processing procedure provides an approach to understand the melt state immediately. Rheological property reflects the polymer melt state at different processing parameters and is very important in injection molding process especially. An approach that demonstrates how to calculate rheological property of polymer melt through in-process measurement, using injection molding as an example, is proposed in this study. The system consists of two sensors and a data acquisition module can process the measured data, which are used for the calculation of rheological properties of polymer melt. The rheological properties of polymer melt discussed in this study include shear rate and viscosity which are investigated with respect to injection speed and melt temperature. The results show that the effect of injection speed on the rheological properties is apparent, especially for high melt temperature and should be considered for precision molding process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injection%20molding" title="injection molding">injection molding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=melt%20viscosity" title=" melt viscosity"> melt viscosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20rate" title=" shear rate"> shear rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monitoring" title=" monitoring"> monitoring</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23196/online-monitoring-rheological-property-of-polymer-melt-during-injection-molding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23196.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">381</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6506</span> Six Sigma-Based Optimization of Shrinkage Accuracy in Injection Molding Processes </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sky%20Chou">Sky Chou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20C.%20Chen"> Joseph C. Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper focuses on using six sigma methodologies to reach the desired shrinkage of a manufactured high-density polyurethane (HDPE) part produced by the injection molding machine. It presents a case study where the correct shrinkage is required to reduce or eliminate defects and to improve the process capability index Cp and Cpk for an injection molding process. To improve this process and keep the product within specifications, the six sigma methodology, design, measure, analyze, improve, and control (DMAIC) approach, was implemented in this study. The six sigma approach was paired with the Taguchi methodology to identify the optimized processing parameters that keep the shrinkage rate within the specifications by our customer. An L9 orthogonal array was applied in the Taguchi experimental design, with four controllable factors and one non-controllable/noise factor. The four controllable factors identified consist of the cooling time, melt temperature, holding time, and metering stroke. The noise factor is the difference between material brand 1 and material brand 2. After the confirmation run was completed, measurements verify that the new parameter settings are optimal. With the new settings, the process capability index has improved dramatically. The purpose of this study is to show that the six sigma and Taguchi methodology can be efficiently used to determine important factors that will improve the process capability index of the injection molding process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injection%20molding" title="injection molding">injection molding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shrinkage" title=" shrinkage"> shrinkage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=six%20sigma" title=" six sigma"> six sigma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taguchi%20parameter%20design" title=" Taguchi parameter design"> Taguchi parameter design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84336/six-sigma-based-optimization-of-shrinkage-accuracy-in-injection-molding-processes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84336.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6505</span> Optimization for the Hydraulic Clamping System of an Internal Circulation Two-Platen Injection Molding Machine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jian%20Wang">Jian Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lu%20Yang"> Lu Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiong%20Peng"> Jiong Peng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Internal circulation two-platen clamping system for injection molding machine (IMM) has many potential advantages on energy-saving. In order to estimate its properties, experiments in this paper were carried out. Displacement and pressure of the components were measured. In comparison, the model of hydraulic clamping system was established by using AMESim. The related parameters as well as the energy consumption could be calculated. According to the analysis, the hydraulic system was optimized in order to reduce the energy consumption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AMESim" title="AMESim">AMESim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy-saving" title=" energy-saving"> energy-saving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injection%20molding%20machine" title=" injection molding machine"> injection molding machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20circulation" title=" internal circulation"> internal circulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35095/optimization-for-the-hydraulic-clamping-system-of-an-internal-circulation-two-platen-injection-molding-machine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35095.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">550</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6504</span> Experimental and Theoretical Study of Melt Viscosity in Injection Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chung-Chih%20Lin">Chung-Chih Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen-Teng%20Wang"> Wen-Teng Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chin-Chiuan%20Kuo"> Chin-Chiuan Kuo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chieh-Liang%20Wu"> Chieh-Liang Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The state of melt viscosity in injection process is significantly influenced by the setting parameters due to that the shear rate of injection process is higher than other processes. How to determine plastic melt viscosity during injection process is important to understand the influence of setting parameters on the melt viscosity. An apparatus named as pressure sensor bushing (PSB) module that is used to evaluate the melt viscosity during injection process is developed in this work. The formulations to coupling melt viscosity with fill time and injection pressure are derived and then the melt viscosity is determined. A test mold is prepared to evaluate the accuracy on viscosity calculations between the PSB module and the conventional approaches. The influence of melt viscosity on the tensile strength of molded part is proposed to study the consistency of injection quality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injection%20molding" title="injection molding">injection molding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=melt%20viscosity" title=" melt viscosity"> melt viscosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20test" title=" tensile test"> tensile test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20sensor%20bushing%20%28PSB%29" title=" pressure sensor bushing (PSB)"> pressure sensor bushing (PSB)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7574/experimental-and-theoretical-study-of-melt-viscosity-in-injection-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7574.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">479</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6503</span> Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Powder Injection Molded Alumina Nano-Powder</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mostafa%20Rezaee%20Saraji">Mostafa Rezaee Saraji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Keshavarz%20Panahi"> Ali Keshavarz Panahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, the processing steps for producing alumina parts using powder injection molding (PIM) technique and nano-powder were investigated and the thermal conductivity and flexural strength of samples were determined as a function of sintering temperature and holding time. In the first step, the feedstock with 58 vol. % of alumina nano-powder with average particle size of 100nm was prepared using Extrumixing method to obtain appropriate homogeneity. This feedstock was injection molded into the two cavity mold with rectangular shape. After injection molding step, thermal and solvent debinding methods were used for debinding of molded samples and then these debinded samples were sintered in different sintering temperatures and holding times. From the results, it was found that the flexural strength and thermal conductivity of samples increased by increasing sintering temperature and holding time; in sintering temperature of 1600ºC and holding time of 5h, the flexural strength and thermal conductivity of sintered samples reached to maximum values of 488MPa and 40.8 W/mK, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alumina%20nano-powder" title="alumina nano-powder">alumina nano-powder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20conductivity" title=" thermal conductivity"> thermal conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexural%20strength" title=" flexural strength"> flexural strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=powder%20injection%20molding" title=" powder injection molding"> powder injection molding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41809/thermal-and-mechanical-properties-of-powder-injection-molded-alumina-nano-powder" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41809.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">329</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6502</span> Modeling Study of Short Fiber Orientation in Simple Injection Molding Processes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ihsane%20Modhaffar">Ihsane Modhaffar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamal%20Gueraoui"> Kamal Gueraoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abouelkacem%20Qais"> Abouelkacem Qais</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abderrahmane%20Maaouni"> Abderrahmane Maaouni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samir%20Men-La-Yakhaf"> Samir Men-La-Yakhaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Eltourroug"> Hamid Eltourroug</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main objective of this paper is to develop a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model to simulate and characterize the fiber suspension in flow in rectangular cavities. The model is intended to describe the velocity profile and to predict the fiber orientation. The flow was considered to be incompressible, and behave as Newtonian fluid containing suspensions of short-fibers. The numerical model for determination of velocity profile and fiber orientation during mold-filling stage of injection molding process was solved using finite volume method. The governing equations of this problem are: the continuity, the momentum and the energy. The obtained results were compared to available experimental findings. A good agreement between the numerical results and the experimental data was achieved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injection" title="injection">injection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composites" title=" composites"> composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=short-fiber%20reinforced%20thermoplastics" title=" short-fiber reinforced thermoplastics"> short-fiber reinforced thermoplastics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20orientation" title=" fiber orientation"> fiber orientation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incompressible%20fluid" title=" incompressible fluid"> incompressible fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5968/modeling-study-of-short-fiber-orientation-in-simple-injection-molding-processes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5968.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">465</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6501</span> Developing an Online Library for Faster Retrieval of Mold Base and Standard Parts of Injection Molding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alan%20C.%20Lin">Alan C. Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ricky%20N.%20Joevan"> Ricky N. Joevan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper focuses on developing a system to transfer mold base plates and standard parts faster during the stage of injection mold design. This system not only provides a way to compare the file version, but also it utilizes <em>Siemens NX 10 </em>to isolate the updated information into a single executable file (<em>.dll</em>), and then, the file can be transferred without the need of transferring the whole file. By this way, the system can help the user to download only necessary mold base plates and standard parts, and those parts downloaded are only the updated portions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CAD" title="CAD">CAD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injection%20molding" title=" injection molding"> injection molding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mold%20base" title=" mold base"> mold base</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20retrieval" title=" data retrieval"> data retrieval</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67449/developing-an-online-library-for-faster-retrieval-of-mold-base-and-standard-parts-of-injection-molding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67449.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6500</span> Investigation on the Cooling Performance of Cooling Channels Fabricated via Selective Laser Melting for Injection Molding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Changyong%20Liu">Changyong Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junda%20Tong"> Junda Tong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feng%20Xu"> Feng Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ninggui%20Huang"> Ninggui Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the injection molding process, the performance of cooling channels is crucial to the part quality. Through the application of conformal cooling channels fabricated via metal additive manufacturing, part distortion, warpage can be greatly reduced and cycle time can be greatly shortened. However, the properties of additively manufactured conformal cooling channels are quite different from conventional drilling processes such as the poorer dimensional accuracy and larger surface roughness. These features have significant influences on its cooling performance. In this study, test molds with the cooling channel diameters of φ2 mm, φ3 mm and φ4 mm were fabricated via selective laser melting and conventional drilling process respectively. A test system was designed and manufactured to measure the pressure difference between the channel inlet and outlet, the coolant flow rate and the temperature variation during the heating process. It was found that the cooling performance of SLM-fabricated channels was poorer than drilled cooling channels due to the smaller sectional area of cooling channels resulted from the low dimensional accuracy and the unmolten particles adhered to the channel surface. Theoretical models were established to determine the friction factor and heat transfer coefficient of SLM-fabricated cooling channels. These findings may provide guidance to the design of conformal cooling channels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conformal%20cooling%20channels" title="conformal cooling channels">conformal cooling channels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selective%20laser%20melting" title=" selective laser melting"> selective laser melting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooling%20performance" title=" cooling performance"> cooling performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injection%20molding" title=" injection molding"> injection molding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102200/investigation-on-the-cooling-performance-of-cooling-channels-fabricated-via-selective-laser-melting-for-injection-molding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102200.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6499</span> Mechanical and Thermal Characterization of Washout Tooling for Resin Transfer Molding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zachary%20N.%20Wing">Zachary N. Wing</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Compared to autoclave based processes, Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) offers several key advantages. This includes high internal and external complexity, less waste, lower volatile emissions, higher production rates, and excellent surface finish. However, the injection of high pressure-high temperature resin presents a tooling challenge in cases where trapped geometries exist. Tooling materials that can sustain these conditions and be easily removed would expand the use of RTM. We have performed research on developing an RTM suitable tooling material called 'RTMCore' for use in forming trapped geometries. RTMCore tooling materials can withstand the injection of high temperature-high pressure resin but be easily removed with tap water. RTM properties and performance capabilities are reviewed against other washout systems. Our research will cover the preliminary characterization of tooling system properties, mechanical behavior, and initial results from an RTM manufacturing trial. Preliminary results show the material can sustain pressures greater than 13 MPa and temperatures greater than 150°C. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RTM" title="RTM">RTM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resin%20transfer%20molding" title=" resin transfer molding"> resin transfer molding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trapped%20geometries" title=" trapped geometries"> trapped geometries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=washout%20tooling" title=" washout tooling"> washout tooling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87415/mechanical-and-thermal-characterization-of-washout-tooling-for-resin-transfer-molding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87415.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6498</span> Reducing Component Stress during Encapsulation of Electronics: A Simulative Examination of Thermoplastic Foam Injection Molding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Constantin%20Ott">Constantin Ott</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dietmar%20Drummer"> Dietmar Drummer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The direct encapsulation of electronic components is an effective way of protecting components against external influences. In addition to achieving a sufficient protective effect, there are two other big challenges for satisfying the increasing demand for encapsulated circuit boards. The encapsulation process should be both suitable for mass production and offer a low component load. Injection molding is a method with good suitability for large series production but also with typically high component stress. In this article, two aims were pursued: first, the development of a calculation model that allows an estimation of the occurring forces based on process variables and material parameters. Second, the evaluation of a new approach for stress reduction by means of thermoplastic foam injection molding. For this purpose, simulation-based process data was generated with the Moldflow simulation tool. Based on this, component stresses were calculated with the calculation model. At the same time, this paper provided a model for estimating the forces occurring during overmolding and derived a solution method for reducing these forces. The suitability of this approach was clearly demonstrated and a significant reduction in shear forces during overmolding was achieved. It was possible to demonstrate a process development that makes it possible to meet the two main requirements of direct encapsulation in addition to a high protective effect. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encapsulation" title="encapsulation">encapsulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20reduction" title=" stress reduction"> stress reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foam-injection-molding" title=" foam-injection-molding"> foam-injection-molding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145190/reducing-component-stress-during-encapsulation-of-electronics-a-simulative-examination-of-thermoplastic-foam-injection-molding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145190.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6497</span> Carbon Nanotubes Based Porous Framework for Filtration Applications Using Industrial Grinding Waste </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20J.%20Pillewan">V. J. Pillewan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20N.%20Raut"> D. N. Raut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20N.%20Patil"> K. N. Patil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20K.%20Shinde"> D. K. Shinde </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Forging, milling, turning, grinding and shaping etc. are the various industrial manufacturing processes which generate the metal waste. Grinding is extensively used in the finishing operation. The waste generated contains significant impurities apart from the metal particles. Due to these significant impurities, it becomes difficult to process and gets usually dumped in the landfills which create environmental problems. Therefore, it becomes essential to reuse metal waste to create value added products. Powder injection molding process is used for producing the porous metal matrix framework. This paper discusses the presented design of the porous framework to be used for the liquid filter application. Different parameters are optimized to obtain the better strength framework with variable porosity. Carbon nanotubes are used as reinforcing materials to enhance the strength of the metal matrix framework. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grinding%20waste" title="grinding waste">grinding waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=powder%20injection%20molding%20%28PIM%29" title=" powder injection molding (PIM)"> powder injection molding (PIM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20nanotubes%20%28CNTs%29" title=" carbon nanotubes (CNTs)"> carbon nanotubes (CNTs)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matrix%20composites%20%28MMCs%29" title=" matrix composites (MMCs)"> matrix composites (MMCs)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64194/carbon-nanotubes-based-porous-framework-for-filtration-applications-using-industrial-grinding-waste" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64194.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6496</span> The Study of the Physical, Chemical and Mechanical Properties of Recycled Thermoplastic Polypropylene and Polyamide Materials Used in the Automotive Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sevim%20Gecici">Sevim Gecici</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erdinc%20Doganci"> Erdinc Doganci</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thermoplastic materials are widely used in the automotive industry due to their lightweight nature, durability, recyclability and versatility in shaping. They serve various purposes in the automotive sector, including interior and exterior components, vehicle body parts and insulation. The recycling of thermoplastic polymer materials used in the automotive industry helps reduce waste and mitigate environmental impacts. The aim of this study is to facilitate the recycling of thermoplastic materials used in the automotive industry. Recycled materials, such as sprues and defective parts, are generated from thermoplastic polymer materials used in the automotive sector after the injection process. In this study, the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the recycled parts obtained from the reprocessing of these materials were determined through various tests. Thermoplastic products (PP and PA) that were recycled after the injection process were processed through a grinding unit and then subjected to a second injection process with physical, chemical and mechanical tests applied to the resulting products. This is a result of the initial grinding process. The same procedures were applied to each thermoplastic material through a series of steps first injection, first grinding, second injection, second grinding, third injection, third grinding, fourth injection and fourth grinding, followed by product testing. Subsequently, the test results of the original raw material's Technical Data Sheet (TDS) were compared with the results obtained from the products after the injection process to determine the raw material based on physical, chemical and mechanical changes. The study included tests for Density, Melt Flow Rate, Tensile Modulus, Tensile Stress, Flexural Modulus (Injection Molded), Charpy Notched Impact Strength, Notched Izod Impact Strength, Shore Hardness, Heat Deflection Temperature, Vicat Softening Temperature and UV tests. Additionally, more specific tests such as Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Heat Aging, FTIR, SEM and TEM analyses were conducted to examine structural changes in thermoplastic materials subjected to multiple recycling processes. In the later stages of the study, injection molding process trials will be conducted with raw materials such as ABS, PC, PC-ABS and PE. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injection%20molding" title="injection molding">injection molding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycling" title=" recycling"> recycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automotive" title=" automotive"> automotive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polypropylene" title=" polypropylene"> polypropylene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoplastic" title=" thermoplastic"> thermoplastic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193126/the-study-of-the-physical-chemical-and-mechanical-properties-of-recycled-thermoplastic-polypropylene-and-polyamide-materials-used-in-the-automotive-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193126.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">15</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6495</span> A Molding Surface Auto-inspection System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ssu-Han%20Chen">Ssu-Han Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Der-Baau%20Perng"> Der-Baau Perng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Molding process in IC manufacturing secures chips against the harms done by hot, moisture or other external forces. While a chip was being molded, defects like cracks, dilapidation, or voids may be embedding on the molding surface. The molding surfaces the study poises to treat and the ones on the market, though, differ in the surface where texture similar to defects is everywhere. Manual inspection usually passes over low-contrast cracks or voids; hence an automatic optical inspection system for molding surface is necessary. The proposed system is consisted of a CCD, a coaxial light, a back light as well as a motion control unit. Based on the property of statistical textures of the molding surface, a series of digital image processing and classification procedure is carried out. After training of the parameter associated with above algorithm, result of the experiment suggests that the accuracy rate is up to 93.75%, contributing to the inspection quality of IC molding surface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molding%20surface" title="molding surface">molding surface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20vision" title=" machine vision"> machine vision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20texture" title=" statistical texture"> statistical texture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20Fourier%20transformation" title=" discrete Fourier transformation"> discrete Fourier transformation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4170/a-molding-surface-auto-inspection-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4170.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6494</span> Effect of Temperature Condition in Extracting Carbon Fibers on Mechanical Properties of Injection Molded Polypropylene Reinforced by Recycled Carbon Fibers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shota%20Nagata">Shota Nagata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazuya%20Okubo"> Kazuya Okubo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toru%20Fujii"> Toru Fujii</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to investigate the proper condition in extracting carbon fibers as the reinforcement of composite molded by injection method. Recycled carbon fibers were extracted from wasted CFRP by pyrolyzing epoxy matrix of CFRP under air atmosphere at different temperature conditions 400, 600 and 800°C in this study. Recycled carbon fiber reinforced polypropylene (RCF/PP) pellets were prepared using twin screw extruder. The RCF/PP specimens were molded into dumbbell shaped specimens using injection molding machine. The tensile strength of recycled carbon fiber was decreased with rising pyrolysis temperature from 400 to 800°C. However, superior mechanical properties of tensile strength, tensile modulus and fracture strain of RCF/PP specimen were obtained when the extracting temperature was 600°C. Almost fibers in RCF/PP specimens were aligned in the mold filling direction in this study when the extracting temperature was 600°C. To discuss the results, the failure mechanisms of RCF/PP specimens was shown schematically. Finally, it was concluded that the temperature condition at 600°C should be selected in extracting carbon fibers as the reinforcement of RCF/PP composite molded by injection method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFRP" title="CFRP">CFRP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycled%20carbon%20fiber" title=" recycled carbon fiber"> recycled carbon fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injection%20molding" title=" injection molding"> injection molding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20orientation" title=" fiber orientation"> fiber orientation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=failure%20mechanism" title=" failure mechanism"> failure mechanism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21408/effect-of-temperature-condition-in-extracting-carbon-fibers-on-mechanical-properties-of-injection-molded-polypropylene-reinforced-by-recycled-carbon-fibers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21408.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6493</span> The Analysis of Defects Prediction in Injection Molding </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Moayyedian">Mehdi Moayyedian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazem%20Abhary"> Kazem Abhary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Romeo%20Marian"> Romeo Marian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an evaluation of a plastic defect in injection molding before it occurs in the process; it is known as the short shot defect. The evaluation of different parameters which affect the possibility of short shot defect is the aim of this paper. The analysis of short shot possibility is conducted via SolidWorks Plastics and Taguchi method to determine the most significant parameters. Finite Element Method (FEM) is employed to analyze two circular flat polypropylene plates of 1 mm thickness. Filling time, part cooling time, pressure holding time, melt temperature and gate type are chosen as process and geometric parameters, respectively. A methodology is presented herein to predict the possibility of the short-shot occurrence. The analysis determined melt temperature is the most influential parameter affecting the possibility of short shot defect with a contribution of 74.25%, and filling time with a contribution of 22%, followed by gate type with a contribution of 3.69%. It was also determined the optimum level of each parameter leading to a reduction in the possibility of short shot are gate type at level 1, filling time at level 3 and melt temperature at level 3. Finally, the most significant parameters affecting the possibility of short shot were determined to be melt temperature, filling time, and gate type. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injection%20molding" title="injection molding">injection molding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20defects" title=" plastic defects"> plastic defects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=short%20shot" title=" short shot"> short shot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taguchi%20method" title=" Taguchi method "> Taguchi method </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56717/the-analysis-of-defects-prediction-in-injection-molding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56717.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">218</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6492</span> Effect of Particle Size on Sintering Characteristics of Injection Molded 316L Powder</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20%C3%96zkan%20G%C3%BClsoy">H. Özkan Gülsoy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonyraj%20Arockiasamy"> Antonyraj Arockiasamy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The application of powder injection molding technology for the fabrication of metallic and non-metallic components is of growing interest as the process considerably saves time and cost. Utilizing this fabrication method, full dense components are being prepared in various sizes. In this work, our effort is focused to study the densification behavior of the parts made using different size 316L stainless steel powders. The metal powders were admixed with an adequate amount of polymeric compounds and molded as standard tensile bars. Solvent and thermal debinding was carried out followed by sintering in ultra pure hydrogen atmosphere based on the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) cycle. Mechanical property evaluation and microstructural characterization of the sintered specimens was performed using universal Instron tensile testing machine, Vicker’s microhardness tester, optical (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction were used. The results are compared and analyzed to predict the strength and weakness of the test conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=powder%20injection%20molding" title="powder injection molding">powder injection molding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sintering" title=" sintering"> sintering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20size" title=" particle size"> particle size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stainless%20steels" title=" stainless steels"> stainless steels</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35017/effect-of-particle-size-on-sintering-characteristics-of-injection-molded-316l-powder" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35017.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6491</span> Investigation on the Effect of Sugarcane Bagasse/HDPE Composition on the Screw Withdrawal Resistance of Injection Molded Parts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Abdol%20Mohammad%20Rezavand">Seyed Abdol Mohammad Rezavand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Nikbakhsh"> Mohammad Nikbakhsh </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Withdrawal resistance of screws driven into HDPE/Sugarcane Bagasse injection molded parts was investigated. After chemical treatment and drying, SCB was pre-mixed with HDPE using twin extruder. The resulting granules are used in producing samples in injection molding machine. SCB with the quantity of %10, %20, and %30 was used. By using a suitable fixture, screw heads can take with tensile test machine grips. Parts with screws in the center and edge were fasten together. Then, withdrawal resistance was measured with tensile test machine. Injection gate is at the one edge of the part. The results show that by increasing SCB content in composite, the withdrawal resistance is decreased. Furthermore, the withdrawal resistance at the edges (near injection gate and the end of the filling path of mold cavity) is more than that of the center. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyethylene" title="polyethylene">polyethylene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sugarcane%20bagasse" title=" sugarcane bagasse"> sugarcane bagasse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood%20plastic" title=" wood plastic"> wood plastic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=screw" title=" screw"> screw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=withdrawal%20resistance" title=" withdrawal resistance"> withdrawal resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32925/investigation-on-the-effect-of-sugarcane-bagassehdpe-composition-on-the-screw-withdrawal-resistance-of-injection-molded-parts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32925.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">583</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6490</span> Optimization of the Transfer Molding Process by Implementation of Online Monitoring Techniques for Electronic Packages</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Burcu%20Kaya">Burcu Kaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan-Martin%20Kaiser"> Jan-Martin Kaiser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karl-Friedrich%20Becker"> Karl-Friedrich Becker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanja%20Braun"> Tanja Braun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Klaus-Dieter%20Lang"> Klaus-Dieter Lang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Quality of the molded packages is strongly influenced by the process parameters of the transfer molding. To achieve a better package quality and a stable transfer molding process, it is necessary to understand the influence of the process parameters on the package quality. This work aims to comprehend the relationship between the process parameters, and to identify the optimum process parameters for the transfer molding process in order to achieve less voids and wire sweep. To achieve this, a DoE is executed for process optimization and a regression analysis is carried out. A systematic approach is represented to generate models which enable an estimation of the number of voids and wire sweep. Validation experiments are conducted to verify the model and the results are presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dielectric%20analysis" title="dielectric analysis">dielectric analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20packages" title=" electronic packages"> electronic packages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epoxy%20molding%20compounds" title=" epoxy molding compounds"> epoxy molding compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transfer%20molding%20process" title=" transfer molding process"> transfer molding process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46904/optimization-of-the-transfer-molding-process-by-implementation-of-online-monitoring-techniques-for-electronic-packages" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46904.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">382</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6489</span> Fiber Orientation Measurements in Reinforced Thermoplastics </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ihsane%20Modhaffar">Ihsane Modhaffar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fiber orientation is essential for the physical properties of composite materials. The theoretical parameters of a given reinforcement are usually known and widely used to predict the behavior of the material. In this work, we propose an image processing approach to estimate true principal directions and fiber orientation during injection molding processes of short fiber reinforced thermoplastics. Generally, a group of fibers are described in terms of probability distribution function or orientation tensor. Numerical techniques for the prediction of fiber orientation are also considered for concentrated situations. The flow was considered to be incompressible, and behave as Newtonian fluid containing suspensions of short-fibers. The governing equations, of this problem are: the continuity, the momentum and the energy. The obtained results were compared to available experimental findings. A good agreement between the numerical results and the experimental data was achieved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injection" title="injection">injection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composites" title=" composites"> composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=short-fiber%20reinforced%20thermoplastics" title=" short-fiber reinforced thermoplastics"> short-fiber reinforced thermoplastics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20orientation" title=" fiber orientation"> fiber orientation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incompressible%20fluid" title=" incompressible fluid"> incompressible fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15900/fiber-orientation-measurements-in-reinforced-thermoplastics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15900.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">532</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6488</span> Reduction of Residual Stress by Variothermal Processing and Validation via Birefringence Measurement Technique on Injection Molded Polycarbonate Samples</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christoph%20Lohr">Christoph Lohr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanna%20Wund"> Hanna Wund</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Elsner"> Peter Elsner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kay%20Andr%C3%A9%20Weidenmann"> Kay André Weidenmann</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Injection molding is one of the most commonly used techniques in the industrial polymer processing. In the conventional process of injection molding, the liquid polymer is injected into the cavity of the mold, where the polymer directly starts hardening at the cooled walls. To compensate the shrinkage, which is caused predominantly by the immediate cooling, holding pressure is applied. Through that whole process, residual stresses are produced by the temperature difference of the polymer melt and the injection mold and the relocation of the polymer chains, which were oriented by the high process pressures and injection speeds. These residual stresses often weaken or change the structural behavior of the parts or lead to deformation of components. One solution to reduce the residual stresses is the use of variothermal processing. Hereby the mold is heated – i.e. near/over the glass transition temperature of the polymer – the polymer is injected and before opening the mold and ejecting the part the mold is cooled. For the next cycle, the mold gets heated again and the procedure repeats. The rapid heating and cooling of the mold are realized indirectly by convection of heated and cooled liquid (here: water) which is pumped through fluid channels underneath the mold surface. In this paper, the influences of variothermal processing on the residual stresses are analyzed with samples in a larger scale (500 mm x 250 mm x 4 mm). In addition, the influence on functional elements, such as abrupt changes in wall thickness, bosses, and ribs, on the residual stress is examined. Therefore the polycarbonate samples are produced by variothermal and isothermal processing. The melt is injected into a heated mold, which has in our case a temperature varying between 70 °C and 160 °C. After the filling of the cavity, the closed mold is cooled down varying from 70 °C to 100 °C. The pressure and temperature inside the mold are monitored and evaluated with cavity sensors. The residual stresses of the produced samples are illustrated by birefringence where the effect on the refractive index on the polymer under stress is used. The colorful spectrum can be uncovered by placing the sample between a polarized light source and a second polarization filter. To show the achievement and processing effects on the reduction of residual stress the birefringence images of the isothermal and variothermal produced samples are compared and evaluated. In this comparison to the variothermal produced samples have a lower amount of maxima of each color spectrum than the isothermal produced samples, which concludes that the residual stress of the variothermal produced samples is lower. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=birefringence" title="birefringence">birefringence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injection%20molding" title=" injection molding"> injection molding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polycarbonate" title=" polycarbonate"> polycarbonate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residual%20stress" title=" residual stress"> residual stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variothermal%20processing" title=" variothermal processing"> variothermal processing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60259/reduction-of-residual-stress-by-variothermal-processing-and-validation-via-birefringence-measurement-technique-on-injection-molded-polycarbonate-samples" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60259.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6487</span> Water Injection in One of the Southern Iranian Oil Field, a Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hooman%20Fallah">Hooman Fallah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Seawater injection and produced water re-injection are presently the most commonly used approach to enhanced recovery. The dominant factors for total oil recovery are the reservoir temperature, reservoir pressure, crude oil and water composition. In this study, the production under water injection in Soroosh, one of the southern Iranian heavy oil field has been simulated (the fluid properties are focused). In order to reveal the dominant factors in this production process, the sensitivity analysis has been done for the following effective factors, fluid viscosity, initial water saturation, gravity force and injection well strategy. It is crystal clear that the study of the dominant factors in production processes will help the engineers to design the best production mechanisms in our numerous hydrocarbon reservoirs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20injection" title="water injection">water injection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=initial%20water%20saturation" title=" initial water saturation"> initial water saturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20viscosity" title=" oil viscosity"> oil viscosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravity%20force" title=" gravity force"> gravity force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injection%20well%20strategy" title=" injection well strategy"> injection well strategy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27169/water-injection-in-one-of-the-southern-iranian-oil-field-a-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27169.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6486</span> Experimental Study on Hardness and Impact Strength of Polyethylene/Carbon Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Armin%20Najipour">Armin Najipour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Fattahi"> A. M. Fattahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of the addition of multi walled carbon nanotubes on the mechanical properties of polyethylene/carbon nanotube nanocomposites. To do so, polyethylene and carbon nanotube were mixed in different weight percentages containing 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5% carbon nanotube in two screw extruder apparatus by fusion. Then the nanocomposite samples were molded in injection apparatus according to ASTM: D6110 standard. The effects of carbon nanotube addition in 4 different levels and injection pressure in 2 levels on the hardness and impact strength of the nanocomposite samples were investigated. The results showed that the addition of carbon nanotube had a significant effect on improving hardness and impact strength of the nanocomposite samples such that by adding 1% w/w carbon nanotube, the impact strength and hardness of the samples improved to 74% and 46.7% respectively. Also, according to the results, the effect of injection pressure on the results was much less than that of carbon nanotube weight percentage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20nanotube" title="carbon nanotube">carbon nanotube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injection%20molding" title=" injection molding"> injection molding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposite" title=" nanocomposite"> nanocomposite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyethylene" title=" polyethylene"> polyethylene</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39189/experimental-study-on-hardness-and-impact-strength-of-polyethylenecarbon-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39189.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6485</span> Ultrasonic Micro Injection Molding: Manufacturing of Micro Plates of Biomaterials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ariadna%20Manresa">Ariadna Manresa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ines%20Ferrer"> Ines Ferrer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Ultrasonic moulding process (USM) is a recent injection technology used to manufacture micro components. It is able to melt small amounts of material so the waste of material is certainly reduced comparing to microinjection molding. This is an important advantage when the materials are expensive like medical biopolymers. Micro-scaled components are involved in a variety of uses, such as biomedical applications. It is required replication fidelity so it is important to stabilize the process and minimize the variability of the responses. The aim of this research is to investigate the influence of the main process parameters on the filling behaviour, the dimensional accuracy and the cavity pressure when a micro-plate is manufactured by biomaterials such as PLA and PCL. Methodology or Experimental Procedure: The specimens are manufactured using a Sonorus 1G Ultrasound Micro Molding Machine. The used geometry is a rectangular micro-plate of 15x5mm and 1mm of thickness. The materials used for the investigation are PLA and PCL due to biocompatible and degradation properties. The experimentation is divided into two phases. Firstly, the influence of process parameters (vibration amplitude, sonotrodo velocity, ultrasound time and compaction force) on filling behavior is analysed, in Phase 1. Next, when filling cavity is assured, the influence of both cooling time and force compaction on the cavity pressure, part temperature and dimensional accuracy is instigated, which is done in Phase. Results and Discussion: Filling behavior depends on sonotrodo velocity and vibration amplitude. When the ultrasonic time is higher, more ultrasonic energy is applied and the polymer temperature increases. Depending on the cooling time, it is possible that when mold is opened, the micro-plate temperature is too warm. Consequently, the polymer relieve its stored internal energy (ultrasonic and thermal) expanding through the easier direction. This fact is reflected on dimensional accuracy, causing micro-plates thicker than the mold. It has also been observed the most important fact that affects cavity pressure is the compaction configuration during the manufacturing cycle. Conclusions: This research demonstrated the influence of process parameters on the final micro-plated manufactured. Future works will be focused in manufacturing other geometries and analysing the mechanical properties of the specimens. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomaterial" title="biomaterial">biomaterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biopolymer" title=" biopolymer"> biopolymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%20injection%20molding" title=" micro injection molding"> micro injection molding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound" title=" ultrasound"> ultrasound</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77151/ultrasonic-micro-injection-molding-manufacturing-of-micro-plates-of-biomaterials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77151.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6484</span> Different Processing Methods to Obtain a Carbon Composite Element for Cycling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Fonseca">Maria Fonseca</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Branco"> Ana Branco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joao%20Graca"> Joao Graca</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rui%20Mendes"> Rui Mendes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pedro%20Mimoso"> Pedro Mimoso</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present work is focused on the production of a carbon composite element for cycling through different techniques, namely, blow-molding and high-pressure resin transfer injection (HP-RTM). The main objective of this work is to compare both processes to produce carbon composite elements for the cycling industry. It is well known that the carbon composite components for cycling are produced mainly through blow-molding; however, this technique depends strongly on manual labour, resulting in a time-consuming production process. Comparatively, HP-RTM offers a more automated process which should lead to higher production rates. Nevertheless, a comparison of the elements produced through both techniques must be done, in order to assess if the final products comply with the required standards of the industry. The main difference between said techniques lies in the used material. Blow-moulding uses carbon prepreg (carbon fibres pre-impregnated with a resin system), and the material is laid up by hand, piece by piece, on a mould or on a hard male. After that, the material is cured at a high temperature. On the other hand, in the HP-RTM technique, dry carbon fibres are placed on a mould, and then resin is injected at high pressure. After some research regarding the best material systems (prepregs and braids) and suppliers, an element was designed (similar to a handlebar) to be constructed. The next step was to perform FEM simulations in order to determine what the best layup of the composite material was. The simulations were done for the prepreg material, and the obtained layup was transposed to the braids. The selected material was a prepreg with T700 carbon fibre (24K) and an epoxy resin system, for the blow-molding technique. For HP-RTM, carbon fibre elastic UD tubes and ± 45º braids were used, with both 3K and 6K filaments per tow, and the resin system was an epoxy as well. After the simulations for the prepreg material, the optimized layup was: [45°, -45°,45°, -45°,0°,0°]. For HP-RTM, the transposed layup was [ ± 45° (6k); 0° (6k); partial ± 45° (6k); partial ± 45° (6k); ± 45° (3k); ± 45° (3k)]. The mechanical tests showed that both elements can withstand the maximum load (in this case, 1000 N); however, the one produced through blow-molding can support higher loads (≈1300N against 1100N from HP-RTM). In what concerns to the fibre volume fraction (FVF), the HP-RTM element has a slightly higher value ( > 61% compared to 59% of the blow-molding technique). The optical microscopy has shown that both elements have a low void content. In conclusion, the elements produced using HP-RTM can compare to the ones produced through blow-molding, both in mechanical testing and in the visual aspect. Nevertheless, there is still space for improvement in the HP-RTM elements since the layup of the braids, and UD tubes could be optimized. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HP-RTM" title="HP-RTM">HP-RTM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20composites" title=" carbon composites"> carbon composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cycling" title=" cycling"> cycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM" title=" FEM"> FEM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108413/different-processing-methods-to-obtain-a-carbon-composite-element-for-cycling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108413.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6483</span> Fabrication Methodologies for Anti-Microbial Polypropylene Surfaces with Leachable and Non-leachable Anti-Microbial Agents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleh%20Alkarri">Saleh Alkarri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimple%20Sharma"> Dimple Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teresa%20M.%20Bergholz"> Teresa M. Bergholz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Rabnawaz"> Muhammad Rabnawaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aims: Develop a methodology for the fabrication of anti-microbial polypropylene (PP) surfaces with (i) leachable copper, (II) chloride dihydrate (CuCl₂·₂H₂O) and (ii) non-leachable magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂) biocides. Methods and Results: Two methodologies are used to develop anti-microbial PP surfaces. One method involves melt-blending and subsequent injection molding, where the biocide additives were compounded with PP and subsequently injection-molded. The other method involves the thermal embossing of anti-microbial agents on the surface of a PP substrate. The obtained biocide-bearing PP surfaces were evaluated against E. coli K-12 MG1655 for 0, 4, and 24 h to evaluate their anti-microbial properties. The injection-molded PP bearing 5% CuCl2·₂H₂O showed a 6-log reduction of E. coli K-12 MG1655 after 24 h, while only 1 log reduction was observed for PP bearing 5% Mg(OH)2. The thermally embossed PP surfaces bearing CuCl2·2H2O and Mg(OH)₂ particles (at a concentration of 10 mg/mL) showed 3 log and 4 log reduction, respectively, against E.coli K-12 MG1655 after 24 h. Conclusion: The results clearly demonstrate that CuCl₂·2H₂O conferred anti-microbial properties to PP surfaces that were prepared by both injection molding as well as thermal embossing approaches owing to the presence of leachable copper ions. In contrast, the non-leachable Mg(OH)₂ imparted anti-microbial properties only to the surface prepared via the thermal embossing technique. Significance and Impact of The Study: Plastics with leachable biocides are effective anti-microbial surfaces, but their toxicity is a major concern. This study provides a fabrication methodology for non-leachable PP-based anti-microbial surfaces that are potentially safer. In addition, this strategy can be extended to many other plastics substrates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-microbial%20activity" title="anti-microbial activity">anti-microbial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20coli%20K-12%20MG1655" title=" E. coli K-12 MG1655"> E. coli K-12 MG1655</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper%20%28II%29%20chloride%20dihydrate" title=" copper (II) chloride dihydrate"> copper (II) chloride dihydrate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnesium%20hydroxide" title=" magnesium hydroxide"> magnesium hydroxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leachable" title=" leachable"> leachable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-leachable" title=" non-leachable"> non-leachable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compounding" title=" compounding"> compounding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20embossing" title=" thermal embossing"> thermal embossing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165971/fabrication-methodologies-for-anti-microbial-polypropylene-surfaces-with-leachable-and-non-leachable-anti-microbial-agents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165971.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6482</span> Fabrication Methodologies for Anti-microbial Polypropylene Surfaces with Leachable and Non-leachable Anti-microbial Agents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleh%20Alkarri">Saleh Alkarri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimple%20Sharma"> Dimple Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teresa%20M.%20Bergholz"> Teresa M. Bergholz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Rabnawa"> Muhammad Rabnawa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aims: Develop a methodology for the fabrication of anti-microbial polypropylene (PP) surfaces with (i) leachable copper (II) chloride dihydrate (CuCl2·2H2O) and (ii) non-leachable magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) biocides. Methods and Results: Two methodologies are used to develop anti-microbial PP surfaces. One method involves melt-blending and subsequent injection molding, where the biocide additives were compounded with PP and subsequently injection-molded. The other method involves the thermal embossing of anti-microbial agents on the surface of a PP substrate. The obtained biocide-bearing PP surfaces were evaluated against E. coli K-12 MG1655 for 0, 4, and 24 h to evaluate their anti-microbial properties. The injection-molded PP bearing 5% CuCl2·2H2O showed a 6-log reduction of E. coli K-12 MG1655 after 24 h, while only 1 log reduction was observed for PP bearing 5% Mg(OH)2. The thermally embossed PP surfaces bearing CuCl2·2H2O and Mg(OH)2 particles (at a concentration of 10 mg/mL) showed 3 log and 4 log reduction, respectively, against E.coli K-12 MG1655 after 24 h. Conclusion: The results clearly demonstrate that CuCl2·2H2O conferred anti-microbial properties to PP surfaces that were prepared by both injection molding as well as thermal embossing approaches owing to the presence of leachable copper ions. In contrast, the non-leachable Mg(OH)2 imparted anti-microbial properties only to the surface prepared via the thermal embossing technique. Significance and Impact of The Study: Plastics with leachable biocides are effective anti-microbial surfaces, but their toxicity is a major concern. This study provides a fabrication methodology for non-leachable PP-based anti-microbial surfaces that are potentially safer. In addition, this strategy can be extended to many other plastics substrates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-microbial%20activity" title="anti-microbial activity">anti-microbial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20coli%20K-12%20MG1655" title=" E. coli K-12 MG1655"> E. coli K-12 MG1655</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper%20%28II%29%20chloride%20dihydrate" title=" copper (II) chloride dihydrate"> copper (II) chloride dihydrate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnesium%20hydroxide" title=" magnesium hydroxide"> magnesium hydroxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leachable" title=" leachable"> leachable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-leachable" title=" non-leachable"> non-leachable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compounding" title=" compounding"> compounding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20embossing" title=" thermal embossing"> thermal embossing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166090/fabrication-methodologies-for-anti-microbial-polypropylene-surfaces-with-leachable-and-non-leachable-anti-microbial-agents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166090.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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