CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "www.worldscientific.com",cType: 'managed',cRay: '9187b3b169027d87',cH: 'dxgrSdWBM_CoelSGIDzdo0XPVlia3g.xX.s_9yP4WGM-1740654349-1.2.1.1-SuDQ1mRbdqu_WKgQ6fbzHsIX99zUtSFCl0WKEGki9WegFKV4EZcPEVmBDcFeBUYu',cUPMDTk: "\/page\/osid\/submission-guidelines?__cf_chl_tk=C14L7YkGBzKGid1JKCrXKQcaOmIACY_uN.iGtjliD94-1740654349-1.0.1.1-Ya0fFDfspp4rIbWihr4XNZ5SvMIOtYIyAzTZziSbqnk",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740654349',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/page\/osid\/submission-guidelines?__cf_chl_f_tk=C14L7YkGBzKGid1JKCrXKQcaOmIACY_uN.iGtjliD94-1740654349-1.0.1.1-Ya0fFDfspp4rIbWihr4XNZ5SvMIOtYIyAzTZziSbqnk",md: "2XeICNouEApyOOWkJ.eLUu3LRUlSi4TuMnBzLfhQRDM-1740654349-1.2.1.1-wIMEqAi2rHFaIfVOsu6SOTSLqAPFCV8j6GCFeQzgXLO6jtovt4CZep3OrD5__P9osZV5YXfbPm4lUIy78uorKIZn3DQ6AZ4nnEvmARDioKMYFah0ZMTIXnxM.c6yd4OmQWQCvHrqkQQR2ILIqT1egaaQVy1IkIujfhVm443WeI.ZRS577qeCdoR0ZkAeb_Qq9aWDymu5lhi7PoVi9PzpJwlPEhVFX3dMdRRjfgmNaHxH5WSATT9oUOgmqTqPIbPmgf_iRYFQC24z89A3prSlQ8hgSmRYyVAATI1s6.xbQNn_websJc80rAwn9g9.injGO9oO6l.R.NnbxGqvL8h8AxJXYZh_Rx_P8NLPx9nHSWmAzfXCfq9Eedn9zqIe.bq8AmEfGtRbWs4guIiYSH8tmDjcIEFSdDxHFwXndLxxoT76Z4rGQMsNZgijaYxK7UTckF63JbmzU7IAgW9F3jvic4XKcCnwMMUVrkXih50ZnyaUslodzVhyHi5t4hGaGVVSLasdWO6RXq3KAlrIngdCYGXRduvNEM2BKx.L5z8nXclW.Jtq5qh_MiYnJFRp0JgiQdHh2JlETSqMRENnBp6pHSe037QFdqFNfsHxoVDJjMgk0V6HAyMmfJfO4v_hp8n7eH3Misya9uwOAa3XaAp8ijPDvdxyeGw.B3RdjzznekPs2rR7utTL1CgnxYxLdFKFQekPFy8czZ6oR0ZKCZRN2oViaLk.ohlOSCX5f1aECS6srwj0SyzYm1P99EpCse2qyhB7ZUUY3Qw8JEyZ_4QGFMUGu_rPPwUgWR_tkMYzLvfKpMX2eFkVQTqnfR6xcUo0V5BnEfagLMoZI9MPiaATwvROjOqEu_w_hwCCd2vfvFTYwWoq67WPewWXAje3MIEOPGni9jDfkaXcyE.VzNZ1n522J9j5lZS1CqCc5UBLsdVNkCW2fJU3mzW4sAKqvp3uX_MljXCi7gCNQcvs1RsHoJ3OIwhZ8WwPv_TieRtgLGgxz6oJvVUByiOJxSOl38zW3lPZnv7mEPhsjoE54b3Lrjje0FGIMnwGwqjVmW9dKny59O6axuoPRMCE2wucmQSjXvf1dzBXqd5LmeaMp3kblF7ihIWEH2ZXH8vBWv1oF3ZWV._nwoOyNAlLQ7aItzWl9h2gRadD63a4CunRgWoG2HqEcuEJ3Epj6kjFpt7o2RvW8OYp2FyqT8Nsfp2UxS4IZ8uL1WidBfm_X9VcGYgrUHfp91Bd7qLmbvp6ZLRsi1AaxO23Ldj4l8yUKWHAVyydPZr268IoBlQuKtFUwZ3kqD2_qOdUpkI3tZfrn3NP79B7TftKyUxKe.wWFparLulJtdMm0ygfNxGlEtUZOUpavTuRmFqyzaRP9VCaKc.VMzRqdctcKi4R_xbL1_39xWfOS23SLDNeMr74PZUueWFLoxelMgl.BvRpfo4Sl4mWNGK75O6z2oqQ4cE1smT14tcDNL.3wOWY.HaFHbVqPAcL_Ncsoppk5e4r_g6nTaN8.WhCw4C36QsE.WnsaxNRM1Qey.2t50InhImYqm8EsboblprnEct.TtSegx.pV0c0lhzhUGdV36AaheiLao92bfpJX_8DPEyoLoJ0Q.kpvD6j51sPy7PH6tohXdCc7turd9nBiKxc8ttiSwHhYB452OSCAUnt8oqVaSbxiif_LC_J5NLDDVYY0xKijIJBT6LyGChciIeGkRDwE_sKf4JnzOjkLfrXwdvjRzR.99GbSLnvjz4X96D1BRUY7Eoe1LBemzVF68tqZW_bYEe2fPIa1Ffix.0a4dlHMgtf2iq_rc72EmYtbjQPoA96H6bJMmrD5BdIg_BlcaOgUtprzEUUihQkPb.Kfd_3SE2gEHcQKYFkvJNqlvj2uQKF5Oveno5ZQON.693OG31WtKIQXCRLjKSue14e9e.0Lxh6WKYhLpR3JVA_2fKbWqkklV5jDWIu2YOoMQra6W2S.QaSca_75fnJuXB5ujN9SMRe.hapBcNxUBNqcyJVzAhoPnQWXfy5C9HX_FmdGJFJqYWtEKU9Udi5VKOUyh7aD1_qNrrWu2tPIyj8sNeJF0mbOS.iFt5.vKpvtGTuZD432tNqp9Sl_B.Crt1f37SSTPNC.GwHapHYapVQ92khfhKTsUhPPb2Aysj6RTZ.4DfeayjWm6DYxKbr_OgbtnOfP8Y.k0_w1VPMz13OzYQl8oKkXXC.ji1JJc4z53.WK.mGojTN66snRA3nG6X2n4VtV43OQSqaOpKg1GVU.jcfSXA667lGkO3KOnCSOA2qUBLWFBneTBUkEnwZnjnh_0lSaW6ulP40SdEXGPS0VxTVdbfMbFGJilsZvIZML7uoeX9cvmPPp1EbbPbG9EKJvObeolUbMFdEIZfEOeg4BbLcJObuRAekoUxrCQXEbIPrrknOdqa9ZZJvg45N.dsH5Q__BOUvS92QA8TMh4zBym9gKAnuVG4mX357qZTh.KVFCgv9eDpPvlbsefG4MWw_1AkmZ5xn5XWWnQD4ogOk_7ErD5.OoefLmjslRDnDL5PhqPXIo560YFK8Akjz6TSgdx.pBbLKqy3LMTG2f4ocu0iEOcFtZTqL0r12thQ",mdrd: "UBDNiP2IVVJdULx75rCtB0jJDx7q.FG5KpsZrrohO64-1740654349-1.2.1.1-sDyy5AAnuDdP0uUfHH9wbw.JpQftULuEuDEG9Y9sir1_0DxFsIfNkjgYl2jSKt5WnuA7Q2yMr_TY5yCJra3sIInv6HWyFrAaP_FczRlQdEQXYYqhxgYl0HYRb1nqC.xjEv4ZWVBu.Y_IxexvGNij8.g1NvtO15Q2PEQ2C9DcygmY4BNnQjPc94xQGW99z9aAnmWc3j3vZbLQaYCIhn9o1MbNFA9AFAfuPT6w5.EZTTWrz4S72iuYmKjmhe_DjKgy6rik2uG0yY6Qj8sE_oDIpGJnRKUWcMhKNLbXe1OunEIz8kvEoXT0PT_CbIRPGoaLpzdxLacZUT5YuufT1sBmE.VgxFd_TintabFOtG.pYZ2_m6OldvLxxTrz1RUt7S899uEGSnY3NVV8jCRfUtfdRITp.1waCeGWpMBcoAgyWfTuZw97bPZXLVfPGqRe.hT5RLYAcxCArbJmE9dvrd6v6mhnBN_moBj8WXPwO2JXjk.NJes8kHYPxHxDxrA4VIWtI7gx8WzVjr54eqkR0obFcea79puUfF6rFxAw9lQ3mVCH6JIte0AQhXs6ZaL8W2_O6KJLYORW0mmKNrgj_t.DenGFSy_uNR0.eHh5FaQH27N7eBaVXXNyW2phCIssCms_NnM34SkNmCW4Lz6nNhTXIwHasy2c7hXQv3xFhMb96oG77Os0mUKTXTmpmK1uFbxGx8YNMQ1RXc5Pde9l48cFziCA0SlYbTxxNMtiqH.NwQSb5siLkUausoUsmKwyb1Jwz120C66nFJ7JRayNKoewbHIzlPjxCmPBH9eAQAnVzQQDZvQ64nems2zvW5Ur55vb1BUWVOVwqYYVTfnwYRATVPCYfZN4rSFZ0YBGbXkiszjUaIV1ieOeBmvM_feeVYo_pzidsFsK.4l_yEaszYOkVZ3Pt90vacnebWRcfXjYuCevQLInwNPsDi6on1SyW5LiUVhm7kniSVRGcsCaAI_.TTJqkKHePInc1uQIT2HsSvCPliHzAiZSKneoLKAS3xtcLPUQLc0R8gqb.ECvgKlyrwea0N3z5UJZL15iZwzcS1jP95xNZdU0S4SWeYQMEaovYtGocBvPI1YY2YXf4aaabV3smy0sb8QOoFfQVQIZV_TTD9fTGil.3YlkHLqKwDhPOFLc_cOw9sQM7dUdXRaDqxg39LTYwBCVcXG.GgNPNSxl3moecCZV5CltZvOCl_eTmS7p7Awpymi9e37ikal6CIrsvDPgfFHLWc8t2n87NdgqMi9xN95e8JWNVBWG3rFImXLjqLLV740zEbrQOUg7CKSjgftSBaRNq688cLNl94Gi5sCKbqnJvrPiPJ6htu4zciH9mksdyGMQcoifuFoopSGj94CiW5pVFRh7mbv5XNUc.3Q3zTQjzTWP.PDhxCR0IiyRhaRAbL1YlKaqeOvq7ETfkOhacaJCSR_5_znEEObCc.0JXqDwEcVSoTGn50Y_p5.vGfmtzw6fxSK7Aw6fuQVszUwqVdfbw2yUrqZtCKi6OF6M6cLGIf7S0ScWdRo7NPh7Q6_ITufQuSmrZKXBjk14UN1LvcG481NcdMBEMRtY01cWrg57qI8vgnIY9A05YWGdEfGL5VEIcWEEM_dSp8OR_3g_2wlaaWoMQyC_3RI3K5yC543J3wQcJ3vwC3J_3UNFGgFm9nI1l1g98AfxvEIz6WTXsPJJlV._u8fvmWcxWoKfzXx1tBerP.DA4S1q3tytZjDbutYezVcTmnyuG_JdirvWdbT_xePiQqiL5gDRaKtXWPGHGpLU8PCTWrk2oHHvmT7ss3mtiG6nKG_TJvRjgdhLnGeF3bT_yKYEvG4Y3Vhpqd3.d4cj8F35GhDpu9N7TjYw68C0kCUuasQE_lWHc0JVZWL8dY6p4X0M57jwK8GP0hAHU7LiCDiasbRdPrBHON89yNXFVfpUpfcCb_vDZ9uhRZPcHdjI6YxjInsKpJYwxXvu4VDIQBPz_9IUomC5zMFmFVJEuR5RPP88bA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9187b3b169027d87';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/page\/osid\/submission-guidelines?__cf_chl_rt_tk=C14L7YkGBzKGid1JKCrXKQcaOmIACY_uN.iGtjliD94-1740654349-1.0.1.1-Ya0fFDfspp4rIbWihr4XNZ5SvMIOtYIyAzTZziSbqnk" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>