CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134fbd68ec6fd83',cH: 'cs0k99Wz27oj8xqkn_BQwSmX3wzn81dk9BBtZxomHDQ-1739786986-1.2.1.1-typ5DjPrarctmpWeRL3jwymBBm6ZVj_cx8hZA1FlDK7MFeYDKga.EvBBCVLS36HB',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Rod%20J.%20Smith&__cf_chl_tk=sRRRVveltfHmcpV_S5WUnQJkklhKPtT9m1_kAeaYcsc-1739786986-1.0.1.1-1HmPpqLfpmlQUpBda0qbnqS67bZrc5dXUaYKZBNTdTo",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739786986',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Rod%20J.%20Smith&__cf_chl_f_tk=sRRRVveltfHmcpV_S5WUnQJkklhKPtT9m1_kAeaYcsc-1739786986-1.0.1.1-1HmPpqLfpmlQUpBda0qbnqS67bZrc5dXUaYKZBNTdTo",md: "UyeYQmSEh26qOMo0cv6Z6hrqaWkIppXdMK_sUr5BCrQ-1739786986-1.2.1.1-KoxV416ztRJmjIAaeEY93.52Gk1GAS_eDZ2_cHoB6FzUHHzruoMhtEFBNHStddh7Ou8nyBuwHyalHPv7z90xfQ1Da1QpjIiSvlH009yWrdcTX8v7km7moOtZAME2mAA7.1EGMgFmxVxNgBAKHTzrF.Q3Sas_xhSXS1fgn82pKQO7Y8so4D84wsg9GdksnKWSomMJzyIh.PGfybJI7t7yA6TMAaJ.8X6B2CKLovdw0Z.i.omP75MSmMWfvlomAIfdmKcWIAivBKkiloZIQ0vy0ojWv9Z8AGXdEAzvzcU_KB3dk3wGKOKEM.zCLiodthkO2oslqQw3D8oRGFRc7DbxhnCYulHtMoeIcvCsRKYWwUenLQvfzN6AYuG0fai0dYj1hOxHhaCGoXfE6_IIpQaK9fZo5wxj186t8caYJUxvHZeLemQ5DtD5SZFWeX0DVfmUDdbj2s8yYh0OJo4mEfJzEm0TVWxv_VN6HgdpA0cyDzN8udYsPFhORCK3bhV3JuwYQDECVP.1CEZRKdaXTZ6lboxOoa8iGKwAtlr.1ryIPgTfT.mwzcgPUYsnp1_2wpbKYV9J8HooEwlA4R8ozNnmOPiszyu6w5x60kLL2ZfU_lWzBsRIN9GXXOGagWCxV7tP7VPAhmITeGKj8pMdbzNZ.VP3Z6CPJeGLm2y1B1Eiuj26up3mMM6UWBgEmw9wJrnGGGTNQMslKs4LWrBMljhZddhl_PMlflrBQZ8RTGJnlotu_cJX.a.iXrVh6pNOmTC3qHyLA0qbnU7.OzolJYc.8H8eKCbucqKu1qCqn.AxRhBu0xRcLnKvJ_mpKFoqBa5TUszMN2qZyH_eGxsXxfxXRytGZtT.PTbbeD1vkQ9pZXDjK5G8hyqAjBcI67DV7ZK7IREZ8ziW53iae9Yj8OnUon_hZEOqGNytIZCtuE8V5T6F77lsiE3f94NJEC5RrnrYFa8DWE8W4a1awhYrAeQcLx3pRaISxCh7xScdFOHG7yshybabfehe81J0MUXWCBZP.NFOXS0KKCTWxzJwHtWIKaceAr4o6tnQfmHnIOANEcfX7PNqD_Ttdff5DvKqZQmII5z6NAyYlSPVS9nfvEWOvpPU4PPOqwnav.BBYMmtQnnPLlPCjFdZFTJD.8JXUoIKRxuZur8gKW6BNLzW1NS8Rx8Ki1fY9zvpzPIi2Nyb_eyrnxtmTzg3Lde_u_Rp20iGeULYsmRWq3CYMcskCWzNnvfB8CvR5xvbCAIIQzoAgsuL4NNAJkhXv5hCE4VvbLUQw.7GfhkusVwappR1OznlBAv75qMDwp3MOIz2smrwAMMCgC6l1eQAhqry_NejKT0n0l7Jg7JSCXZgrq5CXP1WTHIW6E_8Iv8IvW3qqY.MN6.YDM_8KtyC9G4nVg0K2jWehi8f2Jf2oaVJBNoB.CykL261pen54bhtiRQuZFnBbgSc1JQShj9GC82HTDHG4A9IyQ.Nt31B6N0ZvR0nllQl6XrnHLeimory4hskomaUYwQ52auZ6KASR0FQPYMZZZq5eoqOnDSpQHK83dWrGDQBWzkMuE.P6H0o01c.0Yj0kNQKXeZ_fErD9bhuuaifMcxNp8LomByLssvOe.kQ_gyM3WpFzYJFYJMbdOZ5agCOlxz.Asy83.n4fi6uvSu3iZCu9yM2M._PxI7b5qyAMSpyP_rs3GGQmezzGghdt7y9tUTvkBI6oJ3Ol_j7XBBo5JldZgMDxwlmAafkLgPIOHmcEI.uB6lChufGBrnALNPFXFiBBO.p_8age0EHC6i0SmmTF7_iCAL1tuZt6zUYMD_3a_YhJ.fZ08U31k6wG.w3OE.uzGqCfQ44wGVY6cdl89v7rf5Zc27.okD_0.yc7mS0lsjWCoxOVoY7aHsafTgZoORWz.eWo7y9qoUKRvRMB3UfvEuehUBgCP3BBltwia0Gokzo3P.2niBB_T7OrSYQYgg",mdrd: "UuWFV3UpmdkCdHbVlgNubDPDdVBkxAN_h8QK77tQZgg-1739786986-1.2.1.1-rXg8o7DzI_3W1HvtYZAIBAuliY3wjDMIcX3bOBnZ_i92TAC1XTGAGPAErOsH0JX2cJK_EqPFuT6BQbahOh34PRzgA1X4NhBJFE0souFjiKX6QAKL981lUO8CP4_ehji5XYeSj5lOf7EJvI1GO5nf5l.gWzU6C8jr5lirky2t5XJC3tsU7dFWXDJ6nQ5D0ml64o0G1X0gaibUqTS8mBZbvk0HUY2ksHxweLt3RcN11chcEQ2Yu.7I6SBj4mcAOwMSE6TialAFQKv.YwoVxlAsh6w611zTXxZvG4IohbOQBSJSHcBfnqV6jqS.5HJc24h382Gih8p3ND9Ks.wfACZegOkSG8ZsPKi5gVAkjAaf6RDAY.j.awCn6R1KxiHgmZZ0rSngdnhbNbZG32IVDqD_m_05CFKN5D3b1Qt8Cr7qeRWM4oi5W7IyQFrjIvt2Gsqnme8h8O1wpP9Im_H5zGPGaFWTiHFiMAwAmQ6MEQ01wpiyz6V150w1bc.30PRS34CBCyEHCxVeE9W0gYS5tm8dsC.Ou_x15p2hrhv43AJsnkXNg.JAe9Wz5kMOhWSaCwI7p43S6tp8Lx_3u5aJE75h6jYzLlkgS4idjiW_bGiI6cEOuTY3CfhVRa6Iagk5Kt6z2q305JKzpEGqr3CtIFMKwztMzGZuSfr7buIAf_hXqKOZDaLgP9ZECIkugXwTYJk3Ez3VBFLmQiKGElTNBIuPzMXhxELEGE4EHb6K0iRzUeQJNpksZAMdt7vp9YIW8kpVJj7wog_8XzRkpS1nJXIZQJLfpE_CfpkDz0ouRcaLR4MFILaVxwa5_dvbIyHCWi6zJ2hVwThskJF9vovRbxhRacCqf.m1VMFlMen6Len53e9E.5p3QcQJEomE0QctHRNWq3bHInYbZ4.IDKMDAjYsGKtSOmhwntK18igU1PSUAOGZ9ePprWSBwlmmKY1mJSJulKruMjQAd22mEE4TQp.nz6TRHrCpcY6NzsnP3wcqN1QobCjMioLs81dAiABgOzW38zhi6_uJNG5sQbc4ROj0BVvSy4.TCQThzEjumh_t.OLM0W5curcyK6ns08fhgbL3i40zSaSeauOImDjEfwDMo_1wfVAl06DJvUbIeCVGqM4zLJTNE8Fc0tyGjLRZoCXja5U44U5UxJUYij7eGJjNZzd6cJLhyxi_NtEpalsF3Nan4DTt1F70O4gtjAL_FYCbxo2H_6EJ4tQ4VlqdbSPvtTWXJMEF6CAZnrEhFnL2ZM4PApi2XeQcQDi4IYI26HMy1ZLp1b8aLwL.XMJICOImarpR5_HgXPCpOoLjk.OiFvMtWYfXFSkqMV3FByk24Xue4qcKdvM7vOnfJasLZTogtkdWQNvLS4GEOmuK4tcT_cjeREkoCG5XfwE4BfuhSrFdCUSd5ndJeiA9oTGlLvuEOJxis7LM1kuO3Ib1gmzbEe4UH_ulsJggSJrcwe3ZTlbgZs23TvBSdosDFIJnAqhdOM75rN4fMC8FEaSSg2csAhWy30FVou6sjzFsi4hWsbwiQ0fRSGhi34ZPfFH4TFrhEDaSNONFk2fFEqbawd7TdqxoyMWe3JoPd_K2gFQdYQinUGNEY.D99tVJ0F2Th4kotHoLgJUYRdUoYV1P2bCIf2onk21WX2Ad3bUK9PmUuXrdPDqvQ10.8gsgr7G6ZYMp83cZb8UMD4OSCChHZ9Kjx6LC8RImiL_aNDg3Vg_oow6fGekovRlORkjUEQKmg76aAYeWEyKdI6Uns_VJbHumodUXjLcAhyPChG4Ipze95YJAMZtuhphDDcCZHQ_C4B7eNJWFr68Kppp6dAeaBlJclCM2ablZHgHAkZyN0Y2sGW6U0RERLNZuwFDvwE5OaPwk2aU3Idz7WYy1tE2TK2npUcjCliS.LDb9XN3gdxQ5Ague34tuXr0qMGx.VC14vgBGlareg9d9m2tAzHXoDB5suygG2Fm2lVhqi5JrEpn55w8tbW2M8uVHeW24c4C1GXVX5A"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134fbd68ec6fd83';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Rod%20J.%20Smith&__cf_chl_rt_tk=sRRRVveltfHmcpV_S5WUnQJkklhKPtT9m1_kAeaYcsc-1739786986-1.0.1.1-1HmPpqLfpmlQUpBda0qbnqS67bZrc5dXUaYKZBNTdTo" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>