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modification factor</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: response modification factor"> <meta name="keywords" content="response modification factor"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="response modification factor"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 11024</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: response modification factor</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10754</span> IL4/IL13 STAT6 Mediated Macrophage Polarization During Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hager%20Elsheikh">Hager Elsheikh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juliane%20Glaubitz"> Juliane Glaubitz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frank%20Ulrich%20Weiss"> Frank Ulrich Weiss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthias%20Sendler"> Matthias Sendler</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim: Acute pancreatitis (AP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP) are both accompanied by a prominent immune response which influences the course of disease. Whereas during AP the pro-inflammatory immune response dominates, during CP a fibroinflammatory response regulates organ remodeling. The transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) is a crucial part of the Type 2 immune response. Here we investigate the role of STAT6 in a mouse model of AP and CP. Material and Methods: AP was induced by hourly repetitive i.p. injections of caerulein (50µg/kg/bodyweight) in C57Bl/6 J and STAT6-/- mice. CP was induced by repetitive caerulein injections 6 times a day, 3 days a week over 4 weeks. Disease severity was evaluated by serum amylase/lipase measurement, H&E staining of pancreas. Pancreatic infiltrate was characterized by immunofluorescent labeling of CD68, CD206, CCR2, CD4 and CD8. Pancreas fibrosis was evaluated by Azan blue staining. qRT-PCR was performed of Arg1, Nos2, Il6, Il1b, Col3a, Socs3 and Ym1. Affymetrix chip array analyses were done to illustrate the IL4/IL13/STAT6 signaling in bone marrow derived macrophages. Results: AP severity is mitigated in STAT6-/- mice, as shown by decreased serum amylase and lipase, as well as histological damage. CP mice surprisingly showed only slightly reduced fibrosis of the pancreas. Also staining of CD206 a classical marker of alternatively activated macrophages showed no decrease of M2-like polarization in the absence of STAT6. In contrast, transcription profile analysis in BMDM showed complete blockade of the IL4/IL13 pathway in STAT6-/- animals. Conclusion: STAT6 signaling pathway is protective during AP and mitigates the pancreatic damage. During chronic pancreatitis the IL4/IL13 – STAT6 axisis involved in organ fibrogenesis. Notably, fibrosis is not dependent on a single signaling pathway, and alternative macrophage activation is also complex and involves different subclasses (M2a, M2b, M2c and M2d) which could be independent of the IL4/IL13 STAT6 axis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20pancreatitis" title="chronic pancreatitis">chronic pancreatitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macrophages" title=" macrophages"> macrophages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IL4%2FIL13" title=" IL4/IL13"> IL4/IL13</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Type%20immune%20response" title=" Type immune response"> Type immune response</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183291/il4il13-stat6-mediated-macrophage-polarization-during-acute-and-chronic-pancreatitis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183291.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10753</span> Dry Modifications of PCL/Chitosan/PCL Tissue Scaffolds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ozan%20Ozkan">Ozan Ozkan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hilal%20Turkoglu%20Sasmazel"> Hilal Turkoglu Sasmazel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Natural polymers are widely used in tissue engineering applications, because of their biocompatibility, biodegradability and solubility in the physiological medium. On the other hand, synthetic polymers are also widely utilized in tissue engineering applications, because they carry no risk of infectious diseases and do not cause immune system reaction. However, the disadvantages of both polymer types block their individual usages as tissue scaffolds efficiently. Therefore, the idea of usage of natural and synthetic polymers together as a single 3D hybrid scaffold which has the advantages of both and the disadvantages of none has been entered to the literature. On the other hand, even though these hybrid structures support the cell adhesion and/or proliferation, various surface modification techniques applied to the surfaces of them to create topographical changes on the surfaces and to obtain reactive functional groups required for the immobilization of biomolecules, especially on the surfaces of synthetic polymers in order to improve cell adhesion and proliferation. In a study presented here, to improve the surface functionality and topography of the layer by layer electrospun 3D poly-epsilon-caprolactone/chitosan/poly-epsilon-caprolactone hybrid tissue scaffolds by using atmospheric pressure plasma method, thus to improve cell adhesion and proliferation of these tissue scaffolds were aimed. The formation/creation of the functional hydroxyl and amine groups and topographical changes on the surfaces of scaffolds were realized by using two different atmospheric pressure plasma systems (nozzle type and dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) type) carried out under different gas medium (air, Ar+O2, Ar+N2). The plasma modification time and distance for the nozzle type plasma system as well as the plasma modification time and the gas flow rate for DBD type plasma system were optimized with monitoring the changes in surface hydrophilicity by using contact angle measurements. The topographical and chemical characterizations of these modified biomaterials’ surfaces were carried out with SEM and ESCA, respectively. The results showed that the atmospheric pressure plasma modifications carried out with both nozzle type plasma and DBD plasma caused topographical and functionality changes on the surfaces of the layer by layer electrospun tissue scaffolds. However, the shelf life studies indicated that the hydrophilicity introduced to the surfaces was mainly because of the functionality changes. Therefore, according to the optimized results, samples treated with nozzle type air plasma modification applied for 9 minutes from a distance of 17 cm and Ar+O2 DBD plasma modification applied for 1 minute under 70 cm3/min O2 flow rate were found to have the highest hydrophilicity compared to pristine samples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomaterial" title="biomaterial">biomaterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chitosan" title=" chitosan"> chitosan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid" title=" hybrid"> hybrid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma" title=" plasma"> plasma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10533/dry-modifications-of-pclchitosanpcl-tissue-scaffolds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10533.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">276</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10752</span> Electro-Mechanical Response and Engineering Properties of Piezocomposite with Imperfect Interface</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rattanan%20Tippayaphalapholgul">Rattanan Tippayaphalapholgul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasothorn%20Sapsathiarn"> Yasothorn Sapsathiarn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Composites of piezoelectric materials are widely use in practical applications such as nondestructive testing devices, smart adaptive structures and medical devices. A thorough understanding of coupled electro-elastic response and properties of piezocomposite are crucial for the development and design of piezoelectric composite materials used in advanced applications. The micromechanics analysis is employed in this paper to determine the response and engineering properties of the piezocomposite. A mechanical imperfect interface bonding between piezoelectric inclusion and polymer matrix is taken into consideration in the analysis. The micromechanics analysis is based on the Boundary Element Method (BEM) together with the periodic micro-field micromechanics theory. A selected set of numerical results is presented to investigate the influence of volume ratio and interface bonding condition on effective piezocomposite material coefficients and portray basic features of coupled electroelastic response within the domain of piezocomposite unit cell. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20engineering%20properties" title="effective engineering properties">effective engineering properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electroelastic%20response" title=" electroelastic response"> electroelastic response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imperfect%20interface" title=" imperfect interface"> imperfect interface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piezocomposite" title=" piezocomposite"> piezocomposite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43452/electro-mechanical-response-and-engineering-properties-of-piezocomposite-with-imperfect-interface" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43452.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10751</span> Obtain the Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) in a Medium Containing a Penny-Shaped Crack by the Ritz Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Tavangari">A. Tavangari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Salehzadeh"> N. Salehzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the crack growth analysis, the Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) is a fundamental prerequisite. In the present study, the mode I stress intensity factor (SIF) of three-dimensional penny-Shaped crack is obtained in an isotropic elastic cylindrical medium with arbitrary dimensions under arbitrary loading at the top of the cylinder, by the semi-analytical method based on the Rayleigh-Ritz method. This method that is based on minimizing the potential energy amount of the whole of the system, gives a very close results to the previous studies. Defining the displacements (elastic fields) by hypothetical functions in a defined coordinate system is the base of this research. So for creating the singularity conditions at the tip of the crack the appropriate terms should be found. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=penny-shaped%20crack" title="penny-shaped crack">penny-shaped crack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20intensity%20factor" title=" stress intensity factor"> stress intensity factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fracture%20mechanics" title=" fracture mechanics"> fracture mechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ritz%20method" title=" Ritz method"> Ritz method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9300/obtain-the-stress-intensity-factor-sif-in-a-medium-containing-a-penny-shaped-crack-by-the-ritz-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9300.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10750</span> Methylprednisolone Injection Did Not Inhibit Anti-Hbs Response Following Hepatitis B Vaccination in Mice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20O.%20Ughachukwu">P. O. Ughachukwu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20O.%20Okonkwo"> P. O. Okonkwo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20C.%20Unekwe"> P. C. Unekwe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20O.%20Ogamba"> J. O. Ogamba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The prevalence of hepatitis B viral infection is high worldwide with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma as important complications. Cases of poor antibody response to hepatitis B vaccination abound. Immunosuppression, especially from glucocorticoids, is often cited as a cause of poor antibody response and there are documented evidences of irrational administration of glucocorticoids to children and adults. The study was, therefore, designed to find out if administration of glucocorticoids affects immune response to vaccination against hepatitis B in mice. Methods: Mice of both sexes were randomly divided into 2 groups. Daily intramuscular methylprednisolone injections, (15 mg kg-1), were given to the test group while sterile deionized water (0.1ml) was given to control mice for 30 days. On day 6 all mice were given 2 μg (0.1ml) hepatitis B vaccine and a booster dose on day 27. On day 34, blood samples were collected and analyzed for anti-HBs titres using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis was done using Graph Pad Prism 5.0 and the results taken as statistically significant at p value < 0.05. Results: There were positive serum anti-HBs responses in all mice groups but the differences in titres were not statistically significant. Conclusions: At the dosages and length of exposure used in this study, methylprednisolone injection did not significantly inhibit anti-HBs response in mice following immunization against hepatitis B virus. By extrapolation, methylprednisolone, when used in the usual clinical doses and duration of therapy, is not likely to inhibit immune response to hepatitis B vaccinations in man. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-HBs" title="anti-HBs">anti-HBs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatitis%20B%20vaccine" title=" hepatitis B vaccine"> hepatitis B vaccine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immune%20response" title=" immune response"> immune response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methylprednisolone" title=" methylprednisolone"> methylprednisolone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mice" title=" mice"> mice</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28711/methylprednisolone-injection-did-not-inhibit-anti-hbs-response-following-hepatitis-b-vaccination-in-mice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28711.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10749</span> Post-Earthquake Damage Detection Using System Identification with a Pair of Seismic Recordings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lotfi%20O.%20Gargab">Lotfi O. Gargab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruichong%20R.%20Zhang"> Ruichong R. Zhang </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A wave-based framework is presented for modeling seismic motion in multistory buildings and using measured response for system identification which can be utilized to extract important information regarding structure integrity. With one pair of building response at two locations, a generalized model response is formulated based on wave propagation features and expressed as frequency and time response functions denoted, respectively, as GFRF and GIRF. In particular, GIRF is fundamental in tracking arrival times of impulsive wave motion initiated at response level which is dependent on local model properties. Matching model and measured-structure responses can help in identifying model parameters and infer building properties. To show the effectiveness of this approach, the Millikan Library in Pasadena, California is identified with recordings of the Yorba Linda earthquake of September 3, 2002. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20identification" title="system identification">system identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continuous-discrete%20mass%20modeling" title=" continuous-discrete mass modeling"> continuous-discrete mass modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage%20detection" title=" damage detection"> damage detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-earthquake" title=" post-earthquake"> post-earthquake</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7612/post-earthquake-damage-detection-using-system-identification-with-a-pair-of-seismic-recordings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7612.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10748</span> Study of Mechanical Properties of Glutarylated Jute Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Manush%20Nandan">V. Manush Nandan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Lokdeep"> K. Lokdeep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Vimal"> R. Vimal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Hari%20Hara%20Subramanyan"> K. Hari Hara Subramanyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Aswin"> C. Aswin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Logeswaran"> V. Logeswaran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Natural fibers have attained the potential market in the composite industry because of the huge environmental impact caused by synthetic fibers. Among the natural fibers, jute fibers are the most abundant plant fibers which are manufactured mainly in countries like India. Even though there is a good motive to utilize the natural supplement, the strength of the natural fiber composites is still a topic of discussion. In recent days, many researchers are showing interest in the chemical modification of the natural fibers to increase various mechanical and thermal properties. In the present study, jute fibers have been modified chemically using glutaric anhydride at different concentrations of 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30%. The glutaric anhydride solution is prepared by dissolving the different quantity of glutaric anhydride in benzene and dimethyl-sulfoxide using sodium formate catalyst. The jute fiber mats have been treated by the method of retting at various time intervals of 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 hours. The modification structure of the treated fibers has been confirmed with infrared spectroscopy. The degree of modification increases with an increase in retention time, but higher retention time has damaged the fiber structure. The unmodified fibers and glutarylated fibers at different retention times are reinforced with epoxy matrix under room temperature. The tensile strength and flexural strength of the composites are analyzed in detail. Among these, the composite made with glutarylated fiber has shown good mechanical properties when compared to those made of unmodified fiber. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexural%20properties" title="flexural properties">flexural properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glutarylation" title=" glutarylation"> glutarylation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glutaric%20anhydride" title=" glutaric anhydride"> glutaric anhydride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20properties" title=" tensile properties"> tensile properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104772/study-of-mechanical-properties-of-glutarylated-jute-fiber-reinforced-epoxy-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104772.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10747</span> The Restrictions of the Householder’s ‘Double Two-Thirds Principles’ in Decision-Making for Elevators Addition to Existing Condominium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haifeng%20Shi">Haifeng Shi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kun%20Song"> Kun Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yili%20Zhao"> Yili Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In China, with the extensive promotion of the ‘aging in place’ pension policy as the background, most of the elders will choose to remain in their current homes and communities, finding out of preference or necessity that they will need to remodel their homes to fit their changing needs. This generation elder born in the 1960s to 1970s almost live in the same form of housing-condominium built from 1982 to 2012. Based on the survey of existing multi-family housing, especially in Tianjin, it is found that the current ‘double two-thirds principles’ is becoming the threshold for modification to existing house, particularly in the project of elevators addition to existing condominium (built from 1982 to 2016 without elevators below 6 floors according to the previous building code). Firstly, this article concludes the local policies of elevator addition nationwide, most of which has determined the importance and necessity of the community-based self-organization principle in the operation of the elevator addition. Secondly, by comparing the three existing community management systems (owners' congress, property management system and community committee) in instances, find that the community-based ‘two-thirds’ principle is not conducive to implement for multi-owned property renovation in the community or common accessibility modification in the building. However, analysis the property and other community management related laws, pointing out the shortcomings of the existing community-based ‘two-thirds’ decision-making norms. The analyzation showed that the unit-based and ‘100% principle’ method is more capable of common accessibility in the condominium in China. Differing from existing laws, the unit-based principle will be effective for the process of decision-making and ‘100% principle’ will protect closely profit-related householders for condominium modification in the multi-owned area. These three aspects of the analysis suggest that the establishment of the unit-based self-organization mechanism is a preferred and inevitable method to solve the problem of elevators addition to the existing condominium in China. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aging%20in%20place" title="aging in place">aging in place</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=condominium" title=" condominium"> condominium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modification" title=" modification"> modification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi%20own" title=" multi own"> multi own</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90809/the-restrictions-of-the-householders-double-two-thirds-principles-in-decision-making-for-elevators-addition-to-existing-condominium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90809.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10746</span> Enhancement of Pulsed Eddy Current Response Based on Power Spectral Density after Continuous Wavelet Transform Decomposition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Benyahia">A. Benyahia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Zergoug"> M. Zergoug</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Amir"> M. Amir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Fodil"> M. Fodil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main objective of this work is to enhance the Pulsed Eddy Current (PEC) response from the aluminum structure using signal processing. Cracks and metal loss in different structures cause changes in PEC response measurements. In this paper, time-frequency analysis is used to represent PEC response, which generates a large quantity of data and reduce the noise due to measurement. Power Spectral Density (PSD) after Wavelet Decomposition (PSD-WD) is proposed for defect detection. The experimental results demonstrate that the cracks in the surface can be extracted satisfactorily by the proposed methods. The validity of the proposed method is discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DT" title="DT">DT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulsed%20eddy%20current" title=" pulsed eddy current"> pulsed eddy current</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continuous%20wavelet%20transform" title=" continuous wavelet transform"> continuous wavelet transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mexican%20hat%20wavelet%20mother" title=" Mexican hat wavelet mother"> Mexican hat wavelet mother</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defect%20detection" title=" defect detection"> defect detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20spectral%20density." title=" power spectral density."> power spectral density.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88425/enhancement-of-pulsed-eddy-current-response-based-on-power-spectral-density-after-continuous-wavelet-transform-decomposition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88425.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">236</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10745</span> Effect of Media Osmolarity on Vi Biosynthesis on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi Strain C6524 Cultured on Batch System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dwi%20Arisandi%20Wijaya">Dwi Arisandi Wijaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ernawati%20Arifin%20Giri-Rachman"> Ernawati Arifin Giri-Rachman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neni%20Nurainy"> Neni Nurainy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Typhoid fever disease can be prevented by using a polysaccharide-based vaccine Vi which is a virulence factor of S.typhi. To produce high yield Vi polysaccharide from bacteria, it is important to know the biosynthesis of Vi polysaccharide and the regulators involved. In the In vivo condition, S. typhi faces different osmolarity, and the bacterial two-component system OmpR-EnvZ, regulate by up and down Capsular Vi polysaccharide biosynthesis. A high yielded Vi Polysaccharide strain, S. typhi strain C6524 used to study the effect of media osmolarity on Vi polysaccharide biosynthesis and the osmoregulation pattern of S. typhi strain C6524. The methods were performed by grown S. typhi strain C6524 grown on medium with 50 mM, 100 mM, and 150 mM osmolarity with the batch system. Vi polysaccharide concentration was measured by ELISA method. For further investigation of the osmoregulation pattern of strain C6524, the osmoregulator gene, OmpR, has been isolated and sequenced using the specific primer of the OmpR gene. Nucleotide sequence analysis is done with BLAST and Lallign. Amino Acid sequence analysis is done with Prosite and Multiple Sequence Alignment. The results of cultivation showed the average content of polysaccharide Vi for 50 mM, 100 mM, and 150 mM osmolarities 11.49 μg/mL, 12.06 μg/mL, and 14.53 μg/mL respectively. Analysis using Anova stated that the osmolarity treatment of 150 mM significantly affects Vi content. Analysis of nucleotide sequences shows 100% identity between S. typhi strain C6524 and Ty2. Analysis of amino acid sequences shows that the OmpR response regulator protein of the C6524 strain also has a α4-β5-α5 motif which is important for the regulatory activation system when phosphorylation occurs by domain kinase. This indicates that the regulator osmolarity response of S. typhi strain C6524 has no difference with the response regulator owned by S. typhi strain Ty2. A high Vi response rate in the 150 mM osmolarity treatment requires further research for RcsB-RcsC, another two-component system involved in Vi Biosynthesis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osmoregulator" title="osmoregulator">osmoregulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OmpR" title=" OmpR"> OmpR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salmonella" title=" Salmonella"> Salmonella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vi%20polysaccharide" title=" Vi polysaccharide"> Vi polysaccharide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91048/effect-of-media-osmolarity-on-vi-biosynthesis-on-salmonella-enterica-serovar-typhi-strain-c6524-cultured-on-batch-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91048.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10744</span> Transforming Butterworth Low Pass Filter into Microstrip Line Form at LC-Band Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liew%20Hui%20Fang">Liew Hui Fang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Idris%20Syed%20Hassan"> Syed Idris Syed Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Fareq%20Abd.%20Malek"> Mohd Fareq Abd. Malek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yufridin%20Wahab"> Yufridin Wahab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norshafinash%20Saudin"> Norshafinash Saudin </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper implementation new approach method applied into transforming lumped element circuit into microstrip line form for Butterworth low pass filter which is operating at LC band. The filter’s lumped element circuits and microstrip line form were first designed and simulated using Advanced Design Software (ADS) to obtain the best filter characteristic based on S-parameter and implemented on FR4 substrate for order N=3,4,5,6,7,8 and 9. The importance of a new approach of transforming method as a correction factor has been considered into designed microstrip line. From ADS simulation results proved that the response of microstrip line circuit of Butterworth low pass filter with fringing correction factor has an excellent agreement with its lumped circuit. This shows that the new approach of transforming lumped element circuit into microstrip line is able to solve the conventional design of complexity size of circuit of Butterworth low pass filter (LPF) into microstrip line. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Butterworth%20low%20pass%20filter" title="Butterworth low pass filter">Butterworth low pass filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=number%20of%20order" title=" number of order"> number of order</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstrip%20line" title=" microstrip line"> microstrip line</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave%20filter" title=" microwave filter"> microwave filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximally%20flat" title=" maximally flat"> maximally flat</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2002/transforming-butterworth-low-pass-filter-into-microstrip-line-form-at-lc-band-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2002.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10743</span> Assessing Proteomic Variations Due to Genetic Modification of Tomatoes Using Three Complementary Approaches</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanaa%20A.%20S.%20Oraby">Hanaa A. S. Oraby</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amal%20A.%20M.%20Hassan"> Amal A. M. Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20M.%20Sakr"> Mahmoud M. Sakr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atef%20A.%20A.%20Haiba"> Atef A. A. Haiba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Applying the profiling approach for the assessment of proteomic variations due to genetic modification of the Egyptian tomato cultivar "Edkawy", three complementary approaches were used. These methods are amino acids analysis, gel electrophoresis, and Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results of the present study Show evidence of proteomic variations between both modified tomato and its non-modified counterpart. Amino acids concentrations, and the protein patterns separation on the 1D SDS-PAGE were not similar in the case of transformed tomato compared to that of the non-transformed counterpart. These detected differences are most likely derived from the process of transformation. Results also revealed that the efficiency of GC/MS approach to identify a mixture of unknown proteins is limited. GC/MS analysis was only able to identify few number of protein molecules. Therefore, more advanced and specific technologies like MALDI-TOF-MS are recommended to be employed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GMOs" title="GMOs">GMOs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unintended%20effects" title=" unintended effects"> unintended effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proteomic%20variations" title=" proteomic variations"> proteomic variations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=1D%20SDS-PAGE" title=" 1D SDS-PAGE"> 1D SDS-PAGE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GC%2FMS" title=" GC/MS "> GC/MS </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26200/assessing-proteomic-variations-due-to-genetic-modification-of-tomatoes-using-three-complementary-approaches" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26200.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10742</span> Site Specific Ground Response Estimations for the Vulnerability Assessment of the Buildings of the Third Biggest Mosque in the World, Algeria’s Mosque</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Mohamadi">S. Mohamadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Boudina"> T. Boudina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Rouabeh"> A. Rouabeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Seridi"> A. Seridi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Equivalent linear and non-linear ground response analyses are conducted at many representative sites at the mosque of Algeria, to compare the free field acceleration spectra with local code of practice. Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves (SASW) technique was adopted to measure the in-situ shear wave velocity profile at the representative sites. The seismic movement imposed on the rock is the NS component of Keddara station recorded during the earthquake in Boumerdes 21 May 2003. The site-specific elastic design spectra for each site are determined to further obtain site specific non-linear acceleration spectra. As a case study, the results of site-specific evaluations are presented for two building sites (site of minaret and site of the prayer hall) to demonstrate the influence of local geological conditions on ground response at Algerian sites. A comparison of computed response with the standard code of practice being used currently in Algeria for the seismic zone of Algiers indicated that the design spectra is not able to capture site amplification due to local geological conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalent%20linear" title="equivalent linear">equivalent linear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-linear" title=" non-linear"> non-linear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20response%20analysis" title=" ground response analysis"> ground response analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20response%20spectrum" title=" design response spectrum"> design response spectrum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20463/site-specific-ground-response-estimations-for-the-vulnerability-assessment-of-the-buildings-of-the-third-biggest-mosque-in-the-world-algerias-mosque" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20463.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">448</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10741</span> Measuring the Effectiveness of Response Inhibition regarding to Motor Complexity: Evidence from the Stroop Effect</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Germ%C3%A1n%20G%C3%A1lvez-Garc%C3%ADa">Germán Gálvez-García</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marta%20Lavin"> Marta Lavin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javiera%20Pe%C3%B1a"> Javiera Peña</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javier%20Albayay"> Javier Albayay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Claudio%20Bascour"> Claudio Bascour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jesus%20Fernandez-Gomez"> Jesus Fernandez-Gomez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alicia%20P%C3%A9rez-G%C3%A1lvez"> Alicia Pérez-Gálvez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We studied the effectiveness of response inhibition in movements with different degrees of motor complexity when they were executed in isolation and alternately. Sixteen participants performed the Stroop task which was used as a measure of response inhibition. Participants responded by lifting the index finger and reaching the screen with the same finger. Both actions were performed separately and alternately in different experimental blocks. Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to compare reaction time, movement time, kinematic errors and Movement errors across conditions (experimental block, movement, and congruency). Delta plots were constructed to perform distributional analyses of response inhibition and accuracy rate. The effectiveness of response inhibition did not show difference when the movements were performed in separated blocks. Nevertheless, it showed differences when they were performed alternately in the same experimental block, being more effective for the lifting action. This could be due to a competition of the available resources during a more complex scenario which also demands to adopt some strategy to avoid errors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20inhibition" title="response inhibition">response inhibition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motor%20complexity" title=" motor complexity"> motor complexity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stroop%20task" title=" Stroop task"> Stroop task</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delta%20plots" title=" delta plots"> delta plots</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78372/measuring-the-effectiveness-of-response-inhibition-regarding-to-motor-complexity-evidence-from-the-stroop-effect" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78372.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10740</span> Universe at Zero Second and the Creation Process of the First Particle from the Absolute Void</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shivan%20Sirdy">Shivan Sirdy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we discuss the properties of absolute void space or the universe at zero seconds, and how these properties play a vital role in creating a mechanism in which the very first particle gets created simultaneously everywhere. We find the limit in which when the absolute void volume reaches will lead to the collapse that leads to the creation of the first particle. This discussion is made following the elementary dimensions theory study that was peer-reviewed at the end of 2020; everything in the universe is made from four elementary dimensions, these dimensions are the three spatial dimensions (X, Y, and Z) and the Void resistance as the factor of change among the four. Time itself was not considered as the fourth dimension. Rather time corresponds to a factor of change, and during the research, it was found out that the Void resistance is the factor of change in the absolute Void space, where time is a hypothetical concept that represents changes during certain events compared to a constant change rate event. Therefore, time does exist, but as a factor of change as the Void resistance: Time= factor of change= Void resistance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elementary%20dimensions" title="elementary dimensions">elementary dimensions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absolute%20void" title=" absolute void"> absolute void</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20alternative" title=" time alternative"> time alternative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20universe" title=" early universe"> early universe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=universe%20at%20zero%20second" title=" universe at zero second"> universe at zero second</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Void%20resistant" title=" Void resistant"> Void resistant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hydrogen%20atom" title=" Hydrogen atom"> Hydrogen atom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadron%20field" title=" Hadron field"> Hadron field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lepton%20field" title=" Lepton field"> Lepton field</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140791/universe-at-zero-second-and-the-creation-process-of-the-first-particle-from-the-absolute-void" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140791.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10739</span> The Scientific Study of the Relationship Between Physicochemical and Microstructural Properties of Ultrafiltered Cheese: Protein Modification and Membrane Separation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahram%20Naghizadeh%20Raeisi">Shahram Naghizadeh Raeisi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Alghooneh"> Ali Alghooneh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The loss of curd cohesiveness and syneresis are two common problems in the ultrafiltered cheese industry. In this study, by using membrane technology and protein modification, a modified cheese was developed and its properties were compared with a control sample. In order to decrease the lactose content and adjust the protein, acidity, dry matter and milk minerals, a combination of ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis technologies was employed. For protein modification, a two-stage chemical and enzymatic reaction was employed before and after ultrafiltration. The physicochemical and microstructural properties of the modified ultrafiltered cheese were compared with the control one. Results showed that the modified protein enhanced the functional properties of the final cheese significantly (pvalue< 0.05), even if the protein content was 50% lower than the control one. The modified cheese showed 21 ± 0.70, 18 ± 1.10 & 25±1.65% higher hardness, cohesiveness and water-holding capacity values, respectively, than the control sample. This behavior could be explained by the developed microstructure of the gel network. Furthermore, chemical-enzymatic modification of milk protein induced a significant change in the network parameter of the final cheese. In this way, the indices of network linkage strength, network linkage density, and time scale of junctions were 10.34 ± 0.52, 68.50 ± 2.10 & 82.21 ± 3.85% higher than the control sample, whereas the distance between adjacent linkages was 16.77 ± 1.10% lower than the control sample. These results were supported by the results of the textural analysis. A non-linear viscoelastic study showed a triangle waveform stress of the modified protein contained cheese, while the control sample showed rectangular waveform stress, which suggested a better sliceability of the modified cheese. Moreover, to study the shelf life of the products, the acidity, as well as molds and yeast population, were determined in 120 days. It’s worth mentioning that the lactose content of modified cheese was adjusted at 2.5% before fermentation, while the lactose of the control one was at 4.5%. The control sample showed 8 weeks shelf life, while the shelf life of the modified cheese was 18 weeks in the refrigerator. During 18 weeks, the acidity of modified and control samples increased from 82 ± 1.50 to 94 ± 2.20 °D and 88 ± 1.64 to 194 ± 5.10 °D, respectively. The mold and yeast populations, with time, followed the semicircular shape model (R2 = 0.92, R2adj = 0.89, RMSE = 1.25). Furthermore, the mold and yeast counts and their growth rate in the modified cheese were lower than those for control one; Aforementioned result could be explained by the shortage of the source of energy for the microorganism in the modified cheese. The lactose content of the modified sample was less than 0.2 ± 0.05% at the end of fermentation, while this was 3.7 ± 0.68% in the control sample. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-linear%20viscoelastic" title="non-linear viscoelastic">non-linear viscoelastic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein%20modification" title=" protein modification"> protein modification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semicircular%20shape%20model" title=" semicircular shape model"> semicircular shape model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrafiltered%20cheese" title=" ultrafiltered cheese"> ultrafiltered cheese</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170323/the-scientific-study-of-the-relationship-between-physicochemical-and-microstructural-properties-of-ultrafiltered-cheese-protein-modification-and-membrane-separation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170323.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10738</span> The MCNP Simulation of Prompt Gamma-Ray Neutron Activation Analysis at TRR-1/M1</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Sangaroon">S. Sangaroon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Ratanatongchai"> W. Ratanatongchai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Khaweerat"> S. Khaweerat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Picha"> R. Picha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Channuie"> J. Channuie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The prompt gamma-ray neutron activation analysis system (PGNAA) has been constructed and installed at a 6 inch diameter neutron beam port of the Thai Research Reactor-1/ Modification 1 (TRR-1/M1) since 1989. It was designed for the reactor operating power at 1.2 MW. The purpose of the system is for an elemental and isotopic analytical. In 2016, the PGNAA facility will be developed to reduce the leakage and background of neutrons and gamma radiation at the sample and detector position. In this work, the designed condition of these facilities is carried out based on the Monte Carlo method using MCNP5 computer code. The conditions with different modification materials, thicknesses and structure of the PGNAA facility, including gamma collimator and radiation shields of the detector, are simulated, and then the optimal structure parameters with a significantly improved performance of the facility are obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MCNP%20simulation" title="MCNP simulation">MCNP simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PGNAA" title=" PGNAA"> PGNAA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thai%20research%20reactor%20%28TRR-1%2FM1%29" title=" Thai research reactor (TRR-1/M1)"> Thai research reactor (TRR-1/M1)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation%20shielding" title=" radiation shielding"> radiation shielding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41895/the-mcnp-simulation-of-prompt-gamma-ray-neutron-activation-analysis-at-trr-1m1" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41895.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10737</span> Off-Policy Q-learning Technique for Intrusion Response in Network Security</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zheni%20S.%20Stefanova">Zheni S. Stefanova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kandethody%20M.%20Ramachandran"> Kandethody M. Ramachandran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the increasing dependency on our computer devices, we face the necessity of adequate, efficient and effective mechanisms, for protecting our network. There are two main problems that Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) attempt to solve. 1) To detect the attack, by analyzing the incoming traffic and inspect the network (intrusion detection). 2) To produce a prompt response when the attack occurs (intrusion prevention). It is critical creating an Intrusion detection model that will detect a breach in the system on time and also challenging making it provide an automatic and with an acceptable delay response at every single stage of the monitoring process. We cannot afford to adopt security measures with a high exploiting computational power, and we are not able to accept a mechanism that will react with a delay. In this paper, we will propose an intrusion response mechanism that is based on artificial intelligence, and more precisely, reinforcement learning techniques (RLT). The RLT will help us to create a decision agent, who will control the process of interacting with the undetermined environment. The goal is to find an optimal policy, which will represent the intrusion response, therefore, to solve the Reinforcement learning problem, using a Q-learning approach. Our agent will produce an optimal immediate response, in the process of evaluating the network traffic.This Q-learning approach will establish the balance between exploration and exploitation and provide a unique, self-learning and strategic artificial intelligence response mechanism for IDS. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyber%20security" title="cyber security">cyber security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intrusion%20prevention" title=" intrusion prevention"> intrusion prevention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20policy" title=" optimal policy"> optimal policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Q-learning" title=" Q-learning"> Q-learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88356/off-policy-q-learning-technique-for-intrusion-response-in-network-security" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88356.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">236</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10736</span> The Role of Molecular Subtypes in Pathological Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Locally Advanced Breast Cancer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliakbar%20Hafezi">Aliakbar Hafezi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jalal%20Taherian"> Jalal Taherian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahsa%20Elahi"> Mahsa Elahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamshid%20Abedi"> Jamshid Abedi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Patients with breast cancer with different molecular subtypes may have different pathological responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the pathological response to NAC in patients with locally advanced breast cancer based on molecular subtypes. Method: In this retrospective cohort study, 210 female patients with breast cancer candidate for NAC referred to the radiation oncology departments in southern Iran between August 2019 and September 2024 were evaluated in terms of pathologic complete response (pCR) based on immunohistochemical molecular markers (estrogen and progesterone receptors, Her-2/neu and Ki-67), overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Results: The mean age of the patients was 38.22 ± 10.34 years, and 68 patients (32.4%) had a positive family history of breast cancer. The pCR rate was 17.6% (37 patients), which in the subtypes of luminal A, luminal B, Her-2/neu positive and triple negative was 7.7%, 16.9%, 26.5% and 21.05%, respectively. Patients with pCR had significantly better OS (78.4% vs. 49.1%, P = 0.014) and DFS (83.8% vs. 51.4%, P = 0.020) than patients with partial/no pathological response. Conclusion: It seems that the molecular subtype plays a decisive role in the clinical outcome and the pathological response to NAC in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=locally%20advanced%20breast%20cancer" title="locally advanced breast cancer">locally advanced breast cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neoadjuvant%20chemotherapy" title=" neoadjuvant chemotherapy"> neoadjuvant chemotherapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathologic%20complete%20response" title=" pathologic complete response"> pathologic complete response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clinical%20outcomes" title=" clinical outcomes"> clinical outcomes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194683/the-role-of-molecular-subtypes-in-pathological-response-to-neoadjuvant-chemotherapy-and-clinical-outcomes-in-patients-with-locally-advanced-breast-cancer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194683.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">6</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10735</span> Correlation of IFNL4 ss469415590 and IL28B rs12979860 with the Hepatitis C Virus Treatment Response among Tunisian Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaoula%20Azraiel">Khaoula Azraiel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Mehdi%20Abassi"> Mohamed Mehdi Abassi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amel%20Sadraoui"> Amel Sadraoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Walid%20Hammami"> Walid Hammami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azouz%20Msaddek"> Azouz Msaddek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imed%20Cheikh"> Imed Cheikh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Mancebo"> Maria Mancebo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elisabet%20Perez-Navarro"> Elisabet Perez-Navarro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonio%20Caruz"> Antonio Caruz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henda%20Triki"> Henda Triki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahlem%20Djebbi"> Ahlem Djebbi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> IL28B rs12979860 genotype is confirmed as an important predictor of response to peginterferon/ribavirin therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). IFNL4 ss469415590 is a newly discovered polymorphism that could also affect the sustained virological response (SVR). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of IL28B and IFNL4 genotypes with peginterferon/ribavirin treatment response in Tunisians patients with CHC and to determine which of these SNPs, was the stronger marker. A total of 120 patients were genotyped for both rs12979860 and ss469415590 polymorphisms. The association of each genetic marker with SVR was analyzed and comparison between the two SNPs was calculated by logistic regression models. For rs12979860, 69.6% of patients with CC, 41.8% with CT and 42.8% with TT achieved SVR (p = 0.003). Regarding ss469415590, 70.4% of patients with TT/TT genotype achieved SVR compared to 42.8% with TT/ΔG and 37.5% with ΔG /ΔG (p = 0.002). The presence of CC and TT/TT genotypes was independently associated with treatment response with an OR of 3.86 for each. In conclusion, both IL28B rs12979860 and IFNL4 ss469415590 variants were associated with response to pegIFN/RBV in Tunisian patients, without any additional benefit in performance for IFNL4. Our results are different from those detected in Sub-Saharan Africa countries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hepatitis%20C%20virus" title="Hepatitis C virus">Hepatitis C virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IFNL4" title=" IFNL4"> IFNL4</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IL28B" title=" IL28B"> IL28B</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peginterferon%2Fribavirin" title=" Peginterferon/ribavirin"> Peginterferon/ribavirin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymorphism" title=" polymorphism"> polymorphism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71093/correlation-of-ifnl4-ss469415590-and-il28b-rs12979860-with-the-hepatitis-c-virus-treatment-response-among-tunisian-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71093.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10734</span> Impact of Syngenetic Elements on the Physico-Chemical Properties of Lignocellulosic Biochar</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edita%20Baltr%C4%97nait%C4%97">Edita Baltrėnaitė</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pranas%20Baltr%C4%97nas"> Pranas Baltrėnas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egl%C4%97%20Mar%C4%8DIulaitien%C4%97"> Eglė MarčIulaitienė</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mantas%20Pranskevi%C4%8DIus"> Mantas PranskevičIus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valeriia%20Chemerys"> Valeriia Chemerys</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The growing demand for organic products in the market promotes their use in various fields. One of such products is biochar. Among the innovative environmental applications, biochar has the potential as an adsorbent for retaining contaminants in environmental engineering and agrotechnical systems. Artificial modification of biochar can improve its adsorption capacity. However, indirect/natural change of biochar composition (e.g., contaminated biomass) based on syngenetic elements provides prospects for new applications of biochar as well as decreases the modification costs. Natural lignocellulosic and biochar composition variations would lead to a new field of application of biochar and reduce resources for biochar modifications. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of syngenetic elements of biochar’s feedstock on the physicochemical properties of lignocellulosic biochar. Syngenetic elements (e.g., Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Mg) and other intrinsic properties (e.g., lignin, COHN, moisture, ash) of indifferent types of lignocellulosic feedstock on the physicochemical characteristics of biochar are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title="adsorption">adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lignocellulosic%20biochar" title=" lignocellulosic biochar"> lignocellulosic biochar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instrinsic%20properties" title=" instrinsic properties"> instrinsic properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=syngenetic%20elements" title=" syngenetic elements"> syngenetic elements</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78760/impact-of-syngenetic-elements-on-the-physico-chemical-properties-of-lignocellulosic-biochar" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78760.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10733</span> Unzipping the Stress Response Genes in Moringa oleifera Lam. through Transcriptomics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vivian%20A.%20Panes">Vivian A. Panes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raymond%20John%20S.%20Rebong"> Raymond John S. Rebong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miel%20Q.%20Diaz"> Miel Q. Diaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Moringa oleifera Lam. is known mainly for its high nutritional value and medicinal properties contributing to its popular reputation as a 'miracle plant' in the tropical climates where it usually grows. The main objective of this study is to discover the genes and gene products involved in abiotic stress-induced activity that may impact the M. oleifera Lam. mature seeds as well as their corresponding functions. In this study, RNA-sequencing and de novo transcriptome assembly were performed using two assemblers, Trinity and Oases, which produced 177,417 and 120,818 contigs respectively. These transcripts were then subjected to various bioinformatics tools such as Blast2GO, UniProt, KEGG, and COG for gene annotation and the analysis of relevant metabolic pathways. Furthermore, FPKM analysis was performed to identify gene expression levels. The sequences were filtered according to the 'response to stress' GO term since this study dealt with stress response. Clustered Orthologous Groups (COG) showed that the highest frequencies of stress response gene functions were those of cytoskeleton which make up approximately 14% and 23% of stress-related sequences under Trinity and Oases respectively, recombination, repair and replication at 11% and 14% respectively, carbohydrate transport and metabolism at 23% and 9% respectively and defense mechanisms 16% and 12% respectively. KEGG pathway analysis determined the most abundant stress-response genes in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis at counts of 187 and 166 pathways for Oases and Trinity respectively, purine metabolism at 123 and 230 pathways, and biosynthesis of antibiotics at 105 and 102. Unique and cumulative GO term counts revealed that majority of the stress response genes belonged to the category of cellular response to stress at cumulative counts of 1,487 to 2,187 for Oases and Trinity respectively, defense response at 754 and 1,255, and response to heat at 213 and 208, response to water deprivation at 229 and 228, and oxidative stress at 508 and 488. Lastly, FPKM was used to determine the levels of expression of each stress response gene. The most upregulated gene encodes for thiamine thiazole synthase chloroplastic-like enzyme which plays a significant role in DNA damage tolerance. Data analysis implies that M. oleifera stress response genes are directed towards the effects of climate change more than other stresses indicating the potential of M. oleifera for cultivation in harsh environments because it is resistant to climate change, pathogens, and foreign invaders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20response" title="stress response">stress response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genes" title=" genes"> genes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moringa%20oleifera" title=" Moringa oleifera"> Moringa oleifera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transcriptomics" title=" transcriptomics"> transcriptomics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103181/unzipping-the-stress-response-genes-in-moringa-oleifera-lam-through-transcriptomics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103181.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10732</span> Optimization of Thermopile Sensor Performance of Polycrystalline Silicon Film</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Long">Li Long</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Ortlepp"> Thomas Ortlepp</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A theoretical model for the optimization of thermopile sensor performance is developed for thermoelectric-based infrared radiation detection. It is shown that the performance of polycrystalline silicon film thermopile sensor can be optimized according to the thermoelectric quality factor, sensor layer structure factor, and sensor layout geometrical form factor. Based on the properties of electrons, phonons, grain boundaries, and their interactions, the thermoelectric quality factor of polycrystalline silicon is analyzed with the relaxation time approximation of the Boltzmann transport equation. The model includes the effect of grain structure, grain boundary trap properties, and doping concentration. The layer structure factor is analyzed with respect to the infrared absorption coefficient. The optimization of layout design is characterized by the form factor, which is calculated for different sensor designs. A double-layer polycrystalline silicon thermopile infrared sensor on a suspended membrane has been designed and fabricated with a CMOS-compatible process. The theoretical approach is confirmed by measurement results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polycrystalline%20silicon" title="polycrystalline silicon">polycrystalline silicon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relaxation%20time%20approximation" title=" relaxation time approximation"> relaxation time approximation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specific%20detectivity" title=" specific detectivity"> specific detectivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20conductivity" title=" thermal conductivity"> thermal conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermopile%20infrared%20sensor" title=" thermopile infrared sensor"> thermopile infrared sensor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152797/optimization-of-thermopile-sensor-performance-of-polycrystalline-silicon-film" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152797.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10731</span> Biocompatibility assessment of different origin Barrier Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonio%20Munar-Frau">Antonio Munar-Frau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sascha%20Klismoch"> Sascha Klismoch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manfred%20Schmolz"> Manfred Schmolz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Federico%20Hernandez-Alfaro"> Federico Hernandez-Alfaro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jordi%20Caballe-Serrano"> Jordi Caballe-Serrano</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Biocompatibility of biomaterials has been proposed as one of the main criteria for treatment success. For guided bone regeneration (GBR), barrier membranes present a conflict given the number of origins and modifications of these materials. The biologic response to biomaterials is orchestrated by a series of events leading to the integration or rejection of the biomaterial, posing questions such as if a longer occlusive property may trigger an inflammatory reaction. Whole blood cultures are a solution to study the immune response to drugs or biomaterials during the first 24-48 hours. The aim of this study is to determine the early immune response of different origins and chemical modifications of barrier membranes. Materials & Methods: 5 different widely used barrier membranes were included in this study: Acellular dermal matrix (AlloDerm, LifeCell®), Porcine Peritoneum (BioGide, Geistlich Pharma®), Porcine Pericardium (Jason, Botiss Biomaterials GmbH®), Porcine Cross-linked collagen (Ossix Plus, Datum Dental®) and d-PTFE (Cytoplast TXT, Osteogenics Biomedical®). Blood samples were extracted from 3 different healthy donors and incubated with the different samples of barrier membranes for 24 hours. After the incubation time, serum samples were obtained and analyzed by means of biocompatibility assays taking into account 42 markers. Results: In an early stage of the inflammatory response, the Acellular dermal matrix, porcine peritoneum and porcine cross-linked collagen expressed similar patterns of cytokine expression with a great manifestation of ENA 78. Porcine pericardium and d-PTFE presented similar cytokine activation, especially for MMP-3 and MMP-9, although other cytokines were highlighted with lower expression. For the later immune response, Porcine peritoneum and acellular dermal matrix MCP-1 and IL-15 were evident. Porcine pericardium, porcine cross-linked collagen and d-PTFE presented a high expression of IL-16 and lower manifestation of other cytokines. Different behaviors depending on an earlier or later stage of the inflammation process were observed. Barrier membrane inflammatory expression does not only differ depending on the origin, variables such as treatment of the collagen and polymers may also have a great impact on the cytokine expression of the studied barrier membranes during inflammation. Conclusions: Surface treatment and modifications might affect the biocompatibility of the membranes, as different cytokine expressions were evidently depending on the origin of the biomaterial. This study is only a brushstroke regarding the biocompatibility of materials, as it is one of the pioneer studies for ex vivo barrier membranes assays. Studies regarding surface modification are needed in order to clarify mystifications of barrier membrane science. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomaterials" title="biomaterials">biomaterials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bone%20regeneration" title=" bone regeneration"> bone regeneration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biocompatibility" title=" biocompatibility"> biocompatibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflammation" title=" inflammation"> inflammation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140163/biocompatibility-assessment-of-different-origin-barrier-membranes-for-guided-bone-regeneration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140163.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10730</span> Portuguese Guitar Strings Characterization and Comparison</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Serr%C3%A3o">P. Serrão</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Costa"> E. Costa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ribeiro"> A. Ribeiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Infante"> V. Infante</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The characteristic sonority of the Portuguese guitar is in great part what makes Fado so distinguishable from other traditional song styles. The Portuguese guitar is a pear-shaped plucked chordophone with six courses of double strings. This study compares the two types of plain strings available for Portuguese guitar and used by the musicians. One is stainless steel spring wire, the other is high carbon spring steel (music wire). Some musicians mention noticeable differences in sound quality between these two string materials, such as a little more brightness and sustain in the steel strings. Experimental tests were performed to characterize string tension at pitch; mechanical strength and tuning stability using the universal testing machine; dimensional control and chemical composition analysis using the scanning electron microscope. The string dynamical behaviour characterization experiments, including frequency response, inharmonicity, transient response, damping phenomena and were made in a monochord test set-up designed and built in-house. Damping factor was determined for the fundamental frequency. As musicians are able to detect very small damping differences, an accurate a characterization of the damping phenomena for all harmonics was necessary. With that purpose, another improved monochord was set and a new system identification methodology applied. Due to the complexity of this task several adjustments were necessary until obtaining good experimental data. In a few cases, dynamical tests were repeated to detect any evolution in damping parameters after break-in period when according to players experience a new string sounds gradually less dull until reaching the typically brilliant timbre. Finally, each set of strings was played on one guitar by a distinguished player and recorded. The recordings which include individual notes, scales, chords and a study piece, will be analysed to potentially characterize timbre variations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damping%20factor" title="damping factor">damping factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music%20wire" title=" music wire"> music wire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=portuguese%20guitar" title=" portuguese guitar"> portuguese guitar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=string%20dynamics" title=" string dynamics"> string dynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35885/portuguese-guitar-strings-characterization-and-comparison" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35885.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">553</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10729</span> A Compared Approach between Moderate Islamic Values and Basic Human Values</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adel%20Bessadok">Adel Bessadok</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The theory of values postulates that each human has a set of values, or attractive and trans-situational goals, that drive their actions. The Basic Human Values as an incentive construct that apprehends human's values have been shown to govern a wide range of human behaviors. Individuals within and within societies have very different value preferences that reflect their enculturation, their personal experiences, their social places and their genetic heritage. Using a focus group composed by Islamic religious Preachers and a sample of 800 young students; this ongoing study will establish Moderate Islamic Values parameters. We analyze later, for the same students sample the difference between Moderate Islamic Values and Schwartz’s Basic Human Values. Keywords—Moderate Islamic Values, Basic Human Values, Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moderate%20Islamic%20values" title="moderate Islamic values">moderate Islamic values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basic%20human%20values" title=" basic human values"> basic human values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exploratory%20factor%20analysis" title=" exploratory factor analysis"> exploratory factor analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confirmatory%20factor%20analysis" title=" confirmatory factor analysis"> confirmatory factor analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65863/a-compared-approach-between-moderate-islamic-values-and-basic-human-values" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65863.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">382</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10728</span> Estimation of a Finite Population Mean under Random Non Response Using Improved Nadaraya and Watson Kernel Weights</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nelson%20Bii">Nelson Bii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Ouma"> Christopher Ouma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Odhiambo"> John Odhiambo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Non-response is a potential source of errors in sample surveys. It introduces bias and large variance in the estimation of finite population parameters. Regression models have been recognized as one of the techniques of reducing bias and variance due to random non-response using auxiliary data. In this study, it is assumed that random non-response occurs in the survey variable in the second stage of cluster sampling, assuming full auxiliary information is available throughout. Auxiliary information is used at the estimation stage via a regression model to address the problem of random non-response. In particular, the auxiliary information is used via an improved Nadaraya-Watson kernel regression technique to compensate for random non-response. The asymptotic bias and mean squared error of the estimator proposed are derived. Besides, a simulation study conducted indicates that the proposed estimator has smaller values of the bias and smaller mean squared error values compared to existing estimators of finite population mean. The proposed estimator is also shown to have tighter confidence interval lengths at a 95% coverage rate. The results obtained in this study are useful, for instance, in choosing efficient estimators of the finite population mean in demographic sample surveys. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mean%20squared%20error" title="mean squared error">mean squared error</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=random%20non-response" title=" random non-response"> random non-response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-stage%20cluster%20sampling" title=" two-stage cluster sampling"> two-stage cluster sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confidence%20interval%20lengths" title=" confidence interval lengths"> confidence interval lengths</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117332/estimation-of-a-finite-population-mean-under-random-non-response-using-improved-nadaraya-and-watson-kernel-weights" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117332.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10727</span> APP-Based Language Teaching Using Mobile Response System in the Classroom</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martha%20Wilson">Martha Wilson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the peak of Computer-Assisted Language Learning slowly coming to pass and Mobile-Assisted Language Learning, at times, a bit lacking in the communicative department, we are now faced with a challenging question: How can we engage the interest of our digital native students and, most importantly, sustain it? As previously mentioned, our classrooms are now experiencing an influx of “digital natives” – people who have grown up using and having unlimited access to technology. While modernizing our curriculum and digitalizing our classrooms are necessary in order to accommodate this new learning style, it is a huge financial burden and a massive undertaking for language institutes. Instead, opting for a more compact, simple, yet multidimensional pedagogical tool may be the solution to the issue at hand. This paper aims to give a brief overview into an existing device referred to as Student Response Systems (SRS) and to expand on this notion to include a new prototype of response system that will be designed as a mobile application to eliminate the need for costly hardware and software. Additionally, an analysis into recent attempts by other institutes to develop the Mobile Response System (MRS) and customer reviews of the existing MRSs will be provided, as well as the lessons learned from those projects. Finally, while the new model of MRS is still in its infancy stage, this paper will discuss the implications of incorporating such an application as a tool to support and to enrich traditional techniques and also offer practical classroom applications with the existing response systems that are immediately available on the market. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=app" title="app">app</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clickers" title=" clickers"> clickers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20app" title=" mobile app"> mobile app</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20response%20system" title=" mobile response system"> mobile response system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20response%20system" title=" student response system"> student response system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38030/app-based-language-teaching-using-mobile-response-system-in-the-classroom" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38030.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10726</span> Effects of Local Ground Conditions on Site Response Analysis Results in Hungary</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Orsolya%20Kegyes-Brassai">Orsolya Kegyes-Brassai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zsolt%20Szilv%C3%A1gyi"> Zsolt Szilvágyi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%81kos%20Wolf"> Ákos Wolf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20P.%20Ray"> Richard P. Ray</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Local ground conditions have a substantial influence on the seismic response of structures. Their inclusion in seismic hazard assessment and structural design can be realized at different levels of sophistication. However, response results based on more advanced calculation methods e.g. nonlinear or equivalent linear site analysis tend to show significant discrepancies when compared to simpler approaches. This project's main objective was to compare results from several 1-D response programs to Eurocode 8 design spectra. Data from in-situ site investigations were used for assessing local ground conditions at several locations in Hungary. After discussion of the in-situ measurements and calculation methods used, a comprehensive evaluation of all major contributing factors for site response is given. While the Eurocode spectra should account for local ground conditions based on soil classification, there is a wide variation in peak ground acceleration determined from 1-D analyses versus Eurocode. Results show that current Eurocode 8 design spectra may not be conservative enough to account for local ground conditions typical for Hungary. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=1-D%20site%20response%20analysis" title="1-D site response analysis">1-D site response analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multichannel%20analysis%20of%20surface%20waves%20%28MASW%29" title=" multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW)"> multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20CPT" title=" seismic CPT"> seismic CPT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20hazard%20assessment" title=" seismic hazard assessment"> seismic hazard assessment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67541/effects-of-local-ground-conditions-on-site-response-analysis-results-in-hungary" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67541.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">246</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10725</span> The Use of Thermally Modified Diatomite to Remove Lead Ions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hilary%20Limo%20Rutto">Hilary Limo Rutto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To better understand the application of diatomite as an adsorbent for the removal of Pb2+ from heavy metal-contaminated water, in this paper, diatomite was used to adsorb Pb2+ from aqueous solution under various conditions. The intrinsic exchange properties were further improved by heating the raw diatomite with fluxing agent at different temperatures and modification with manganese oxides. It is evident that the mass of the adsorbed Pb2+ generally increases after thermal treatment and modification with manganese oxides. The adsorption characteristics of lead on diatomite were studied at pH range of 2.5–12. The favourable pH range was found to be 7.5-8.5. The thermodynamic parameters (i.e.,∆H° ∆G° ∆S°) were evaluated from the temperature dependent adsorption isotherms. The results indicated that the adsorption process of Pb2+ on diatomite was spontaneous, endothermic and physical in nature. The equilibrium data have been analyzed using Langmuir and freundlich isotherm. The Langmuir isotherm was demonstrated to provide the best correlation for the adsorption of lead onto diatomite. The kinetics was studied using Pseudo- first and second-order model on the adsorption of lead onto diatomite. The results give best fit in second-order studies and it can be concluded that the adsorption of lead onto diatomite is second order reaction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermally%20modified" title="thermally modified">thermally modified</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diatomite" title=" diatomite"> diatomite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title=" adsorption"> adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead" title=" lead"> lead</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42331/the-use-of-thermally-modified-diatomite-to-remove-lead-ions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42331.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge 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