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Doublet (taalkunde) - Wikipedia

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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Doubletten_in_het_Nederlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Doubletten_in_het_Nederlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Doubletten in het Nederlands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Doubletten_in_het_Nederlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voorbeelden_van_doubletten_in_andere_talen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voorbeelden_van_doubletten_in_andere_talen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Voorbeelden van doubletten in andere talen</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voorbeelden_van_doubletten_in_andere_talen-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Voorbeelden van doubletten in andere talen-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voorbeelden_van_doubletten_in_andere_talen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Engels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Engels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Engels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Engels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Frans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwante_termen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwante_termen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Verwante termen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwante_termen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Noten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Noten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Doublet (taalkunde)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 19 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doeblet" title="Doeblet – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Doeblet" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%B1" title="تجاذر – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تجاذر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Дублет – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дублет" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etymologische_Dublette" title="Etymologische Dublette – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Etymologische Dublette" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doublet_(linguistics)" title="Doublet (linguistics) – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Doublet (linguistics)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duobla%C4%B5o_(lingvoscienco)" title="Duoblaĵo (lingvoscienco) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Duoblaĵo (lingvoscienco)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doblete_(ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica)" title="Doblete (lingüística) – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Doblete (lingüística)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_(%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C)" title="دوتایی (زبان‌شناسی) – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دوتایی (زبان‌شناسی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doublet_lexical" title="Doublet lexical – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Doublet lexical" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%B3alakp%C3%A1r" title="Szóalakpár – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szóalakpár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allotropia_(linguistica)" title="Allotropia (linguistica) – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Allotropia (linguistica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E9%87%8D%E8%AA%9E" title="二重語 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="二重語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8C%8D%ED%98%95%EC%96%B4" title="쌍형어 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="쌍형어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kata_kembar" title="Kata kembar – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kata kembar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublet_(lingvistic%C4%83)" title="Dublet (lingvistică) – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dublet (lingvistică)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Языковой дублет – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Языковой дублет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dobe_rifondowe" title="Dobe rifondowe – Waals" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Dobe rifondowe" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Waals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%BC%8F%E8%AF%8D" title="双式词 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="双式词" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%BA%90%E7%95%B0%E5%BD%A2%E8%A9%9E" title="同源異形詞 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="同源異形詞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1210061#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Doublet_(taalkunde)" title="Inhoudspagina bekijken [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Overleg:Doublet_(taalkunde)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Overleg over deze pagina (de pagina bestaat niet) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Taalvariant wijzigen" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Meer opties" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handelingen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Doublet_(taalkunde)"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doublet_(taalkunde)&amp;veaction=edit" title="Deze pagina bewerken [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doublet_(taalkunde)&amp;action=edit" title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doublet_(taalkunde)&amp;action=history"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:VerwijzingenNaarHier/Doublet_(taalkunde)" title="Lijst met alle pagina&#039;s die naar deze pagina verwijzen [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Links naar deze pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingenGelinkt/Doublet_(taalkunde)" rel="nofollow" title="Recente wijzigingen in pagina&#039;s waar deze pagina naar verwijst [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Gerelateerde wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=nl" title="Bestanden uploaden [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Bestand uploaden</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:SpecialePaginas" title="Lijst met alle speciale pagina&#039;s [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Speciale pagina's</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doublet_(taalkunde)&amp;oldid=66813800" title="Permanente koppeling naar deze versie van deze pagina"><span>Permanente koppeling</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doublet_(taalkunde)&amp;action=info" title="Meer informatie over deze pagina"><span>Paginagegevens</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Citeren&amp;page=Doublet_%28taalkunde%29&amp;id=66813800&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informatie over hoe u deze pagina kunt citeren"><span>Deze pagina citeren</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDoublet_%28taalkunde%29"><span>Verkorte URL verkrijgen</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDoublet_%28taalkunde%29"><span>QR-code downloaden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Afdrukken/exporteren </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Boek&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Doublet+%28taalkunde%29"><span>Boek aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Doublet_%28taalkunde%29&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Downloaden als PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doublet_(taalkunde)&amp;printable=yes" title="Printvriendelijke versie van deze pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Afdrukversie</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In andere projecten </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1210061" title="Koppeling naar item in verbonden gegevensrepository [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><p>Een <b>doublet</b> of <b>tweelingwoord</b> is in de <a href="/wiki/Taalkunde" title="Taalkunde">taalkunde</a> een groep van twee of meer woorden in dezelfde <a href="/wiki/Taal" title="Taal">taal</a> met verschillende vormen en over het algemeen ook verschillende betekenissen, maar met een gemeenschappelijke <a href="/wiki/Etymologie" title="Etymologie">etymologische</a> oorsprong. Tussen de betekenissen van de afzonderlijke leden van een doublet bestaat over het algemeen een zeker verband, dat dus terug te voeren is op hun gemeenschappelijke etymologische wortel. </p><p>Leden van een doublet kunnen allemaal <a href="/wiki/Kernlexicon" title="Kernlexicon">erfwoorden</a> zijn, maar ze kunnen ook op verschillende manieren de taal zijn binnengekomen. Zo kan het ene woord bijvoorbeeld een rechtstreeks erfwoord zijn, terwijl het andere een aanpassing is van hetzelfde grondwoord als datgene waaruit het eerste is ontstaan, en daarmee in feite een <a href="/wiki/Leenwoord" title="Leenwoord">leenwoord</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Doubletten_in_het_Nederlands">Doubletten in het Nederlands</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doublet_(taalkunde)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Doubletten in het Nederlands" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doublet_(taalkunde)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Doubletten in het Nederlands"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De Nederlandse woorden <i>voor</i>, <i>voorste</i> en <i>vorst</i> behoren niet tot dezelfde <a href="/wiki/Woordsoort" title="Woordsoort">woordsoort</a>, maar hebben wel een gemeenschappelijke wortel. Dit is volgens veel Nederlandse taalkundigen eveneens het geval met de woordparen <i>slaap</i> (deel van hoofd) en <i>slap</i>, met <i>lijk</i> 'lichaam' en het eerste deel van <i>litteken</i> (<a href="/wiki/Middelnederlands" title="Middelnederlands">Mnl</a>. <i>lijcteken</i>) en <i>lichaam</i> (<a href="/wiki/Oudnederlands" title="Oudnederlands">Onl</a>. <i>lichamo</i> 'lijf, romp'), en met <i>schram</i> en <i>scheren</i> die beide teruggaan op dezelfde <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Europees" title="Proto-Indo-Europees">Indo-Europese</a> wortel.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Het komt daarnaast voor dat een bepaald woord in een taal eerst door een andere taal wordt ontleend, en vervolgens door de eerste taal in aangepaste vorm weer teruggeleend. Op deze manier ontstaan in de taal die het eerste als lenende taal dienst heeft gedaan doubletten. Voorbeelden hiervan in het Nederlands zijn de aan het Frans ontleende woorden <i><a href="/wiki/Pruik" title="Pruik">toupet</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Mannequin" title="Mannequin">mannequin</a></i> en <i><a href="/wiki/Boulevard_(wegtype)" title="Boulevard (wegtype)">boulevard</a></i>. Deze woorden waren op hun beurt eerdere Franse aanpassingen van de Nederlandse woorden <i>top(je)</i>, <i>manneke(n)</i> (eerder <i>mannekijn</i>) en <i>bolwerk</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Daarnaast kent het Nederlands ook enkele gevallen van valse doubletten ofwel <i><a href="/wiki/Valse_cognaat" title="Valse cognaat">valse cognaten</a></i>. De woorden <i>schande</i> en <i>schandaal</i> lijken zowel qua vorm als betekenis zeer sterk op elkaar, maar ze hebben een totaal verschillende oorsprong; het eerste woord is een rechtstreeks <a href="/wiki/Germaanse_talen" title="Germaanse talen">Germaans</a> erfwoord bij IE *<i>(s)kem</i>- 'bedekken', terwijl het tweede teruggaat op het <a href="/wiki/Oudgrieks" title="Oudgrieks">Griekse</a> <i>skándalon</i>, dat 'valstrik, hindernis waarover men struikelt, aanstoot' betekent, bij IE *<i>skand</i>- 'springen'. Het tweede woord is onder invloed van het eerste van betekenis veranderd. </p><p>Andere voorbeelden zijn: </p> <ul><li><i>alf</i> en <i>elf</i> (waarbij dit laatste aan het Engels is ontleend)</li> <li><i>boer</i> en <i>buur</i></li> <li><i>braden</i> en <i>braaien</i> (waarbij dit laatste aan het Afrikaans is ontleend)</li> <li><i>Diets</i> en <i>Duits</i></li> <li><i>meel</i> en <i>meluw</i></li> <li><i>oplaag</i> en <i>oplage</i></li> <li><i>park</i> en <i>perk</i></li> <li><i>plant</i> en <i>clan</i> (beide ontleend aan Latijns <i>planta</i>)</li> <li><i>rennen</i> en <i>runnen</i> (waarbij het laatste aan het Engels is ontleend)</li> <li><i>rieken</i> en <i>ruiken</i></li> <li><i>rijm</i> en <i>rijp</i></li> <li><i>schade</i> en <i>schaduw</i></li> <li><i>scheel</i> en <i>scheluw</i></li> <li><i>schip</i> en <i>scheep</i> (nur als lid in samenstellingen)</li> <li><i>spreuk</i> en <i>sproke</i></li> <li><i>stiel</i> en <i>stijl</i></li> <li><i>tafel</i> en <i>tabel</i> (beide ontleend aan Latijns <i>tabula</i>)</li> <li><i>toom</i> en <i>team</i> (waarbij het laatste aan het Engels is ontleend)</li> <li><i>touwen</i> en <i>tooien</i></li> <li><i>wei</i> en <i>hui</i></li></ul> <p>Soms heeft een woord ook meerdere doubletten. Een bekend voorbeeld is <i>fles</i> dat een doublet vormt met de leenwoorden <i>flask</i> (ontleend aan het Engels), <i>flacon</i> (aan het Frans) en <i>fiasco</i> (aan het Italiaans). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voorbeelden_van_doubletten_in_andere_talen">Voorbeelden van doubletten in andere talen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doublet_(taalkunde)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Voorbeelden van doubletten in andere talen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doublet_(taalkunde)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Voorbeelden van doubletten in andere talen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Engels">Engels</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doublet_(taalkunde)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Engels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doublet_(taalkunde)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Engels"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>ward</i> 'behoeden', (zn.) 'beschermde plaats; beschermeling (pupil onder <a href="/wiki/Voogd_(familierecht)" title="Voogd (familierecht)">voogdij</a>, <a href="/wiki/Curatele" title="Curatele">curandus</a>)' en <i>guard</i> 'bewaken', (zn.) 'lijfwacht, keurkorps, bewaker' (ontleend aan <a href="/wiki/Oudfrans" title="Oudfrans">Oudfrans</a>). Beide gaan terug op de gereconstrueerde IE-wortel <i>*wer-</i> 'tegenhouden, beschermen, afweren'.</li> <li><i>shirt</i> 'hemd' en <i>skirt</i> 'rok' (ontleend aan <a href="/wiki/Oudnoords" title="Oudnoords">Oudnoords</a>), beide bij IE *<i>(s)ker-</i> ‘scheuren, afsnijden’.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Frans">Frans</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doublet_(taalkunde)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Frans" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doublet_(taalkunde)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Frans"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Het Franse woord voor "mannelijk" is <i>mâle</i>. Dit woord is rechtstreeks ontstaan uit het <a href="/wiki/Latijn" title="Latijn">Latijnse</a> woord <i>masculus</i>. Een andere Frans woord voor "mannelijk" is <i>masculin</i>, en dit woord is een latere adaptatie van hetzelfde Latijnse grondwoord. Het eerste woord wordt echter vooral in algemene zin gebruikt, terwijl het tweede meer bepaaldelijk "met betrekking tot het mannelijke geslacht" betekent, waarbij het om specifieke zaken zoals <a href="/wiki/Geslacht_(taalkunde)" title="Geslacht (taalkunde)">woordgeslacht</a> kan gaan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwante_termen">Verwante termen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doublet_(taalkunde)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Verwante termen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doublet_(taalkunde)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Verwante termen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aangezien woorden die een doublet vormen dezelfde etymologische herkomst hebben, zijn het ook <a href="/wiki/Cognaat_(taalkunde)" title="Cognaat (taalkunde)">cognaten</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Noten">Noten</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doublet_(taalkunde)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Noten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doublet_(taalkunde)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Noten"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Nicoline_van_der_Sijs" title="Nicoline van der Sijs">Nicoline van der Sijs</a>, <i>Chronologisch woordenboek. De ouderdom en herkomst van onze woorden en betekenissen</i>, 2de druk, Amsterdam/Antwerpen: Veen, 2002</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐6klwk Cached time: 20241123152054 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.032 seconds Real time usage: 0.041 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 92/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 146/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 5/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 818/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.002/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 586355/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 19.231 1 Sjabloon:References 100.00% 19.231 1 -total --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key nlwiki:pcache:idhash:1557626-0!canonical and timestamp 20241123152054 and revision id 66813800. 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