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class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Voorkoms</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" 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Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Radio-aktiewe+verval" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Radio-aktiewe+verval" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Verduideliking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verduideliking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Verduideliking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verduideliking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kyk_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kyk_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kyk ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kyk_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Radio-aktiewe verval</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 11 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D9%8A" title="إشعاع نووي – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إشعاع نووي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desintegraci%C3%B3_radioactiva" title="Desintegració radioactiva – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Desintegració radioactiva" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9croissance_radioactive" title="Décroissance radioactive – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Décroissance radioactive" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E5%B4%A9%E5%A3%8A" title="放射性崩壊 – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="放射性崩壊" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vervalvorm" title="Vervalvorm – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Vervalvorm" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactief_verval" title="Radioactief verval – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Radioactief verval" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioaktiv_str%C3%A5ling" title="Radioaktiv stråling – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Radioaktiv stråling" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioaktiv_str%C3%A5ling" title="Radioaktiv stråling – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Radioaktiv stråling" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_decay" title="Radioactive decay – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Radioactive decay" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jedrski_razpad" title="Jedrski razpad – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jedrski razpad" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dezintegrimi_radioaktiv" title="Dezintegrimi radioaktiv – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dezintegrimi radioaktiv" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3332922#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div 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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Aangestuur vanaf <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radioaktief&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioaktief">Radioaktief</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Vormen_van_radioactief_verval.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Vormen_van_radioactief_verval.svg/300px-Vormen_van_radioactief_verval.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Vormen_van_radioactief_verval.svg/450px-Vormen_van_radioactief_verval.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Vormen_van_radioactief_verval.svg/600px-Vormen_van_radioactief_verval.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="260" /></a><figcaption>Vorme van radioaktiewe verval.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Radioaktiewe verval</b> is die proses waarmee 'n onstabiele atoomkern sy energie verloor deur straling in die vorm van partikels of <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetiese_spektrum" title="Elektromagnetiese spektrum">elektromagnetiese golwe</a>. Hierdie verval of energieverlies veroorsaak dat 'n atoom van een soort, die <i>moedernuklied</i>, omgeskakel word na 'n atoom van 'n ander soort, die <i>dogternuklied</i>. 'n <a href="/wiki/Koolstof-14" title="Koolstof-14">Koolstof-14</a> atoom gee byvoorbeeld straling af om 'n stikstof-14 atoom te vorm. Op atoomvlak is hierdie 'n lukrake proses in die opsig dat dit onmoontlik is om te voorspel wanneer 'n spesifieke atoom sal verval, maar gegewe 'n groot aantal soortgelyke atome, is die gemiddelde vervaltempo wel voorspelbaar. </p><p>Die <a href="/wiki/SI" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="SI">SI-eenheid</a> van radioaktiewe verval is die <a href="/wiki/Becquerel" title="Becquerel">becquerel</a> (Bq). Een Bq word gedefinieer as een transformasie per sekonde. Aangesien 'n monster met 'n redelike hoeveelheid radioaktiewe materiaal baie atome bevat, is 'n Bq 'n baie klein mate van aktiwiteit en word veelvoude soos TBq (terabecquerel) of GBq (gigabecquerel) dikwels gebruik. 'n Ander eenheid van radioaktiwiteit is die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Curie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curie (bladsy bestaan nie)">curie</a>, Ci, wat oorspronklik gedefinieer is as die aktiwiteit van een gram suiwer <a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">radium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isotoop" title="Isotoop">isotoop</a> Ra-226. Tans is dit gelykstaande aan die aktiwiteit van enige radionuklied wat teen 'n tempo van 3.7 × 10<sup>10</sup> Bq verval. Die gebruik van die Ci word tans deur die SI ontmoedig. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verduideliking">Verduideliking</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio-aktiewe_verval&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Verduideliking" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio-aktiewe_verval&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Verduideliking"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutrone</a> en <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">protone</a> waaruit die kern bestaan asook ander partikels wat hulle mag nader, word deur verskeie interaksies beïnvloed. Die sterk kernkragte, wat nie op 'n makroskopiese skaal waargeneem kan word nie, is die kragtigste oor subatomiese afstande. Die <a href="/wiki/Coulomb_se_wet" title="Coulomb se wet">elektrostatiese kragte</a> is ook beduidend, terwyl die swak kernkragte verantwoordelik is vir <a href="/wiki/Betaverval" title="Betaverval">betaverval</a>. </p><p>Die wisselwerkinge van hierdie kragte is eenvoudig. Sommige samestellings van die partikels in 'n kern het die eienskap dat as hulle net so effens sou skuif, hulle 'n laer energie toestand aanneem (met die gevolg dat die ekstra energie elders heen gaan). 'n Mens kan dit vergelyk met 'n sneeubedekte veld op 'n berg: alhoewel <a href="/wiki/Wrywing" title="Wrywing">wrywing</a> tussen die sneeukristalle die sneeu se gewig kan ondersteun is die stelsel in wese onstabiel ten opsigte van 'n laer potensiële energietoestand en 'n versteuring kan die pad na 'n toestand van groter <a href="/wiki/Entropie" title="Entropie">entropie</a> in die hand werk. 'n Sneeustorting kan dus maklik voorkom. Die <b>totale</b> energie verander nie tydens die proses nie, maar omdat entropie altyd groter word sal 'n sneeustorting slegs in een rigting plaasvind. Die einde van hierdie "rigting" word in kernfisika na verwys as die "grondtoestand". </p><p>So 'n ineenstorting ('n <i>vervalgebeurtenis</i>) vereis 'n spesifieke <a href="/wiki/Aktiveringsenergie" title="Aktiveringsenergie">aktiveringsenergie</a>. In die geval van 'n sneeustorting word die energie tipies verskaf deur 'n versteuring buite die stelsel, al kan sulke versteurings soms buitengewoon klein wees. In die geval van 'n opgewekte <a href="/wiki/Atoomkern" title="Atoomkern">atoomkern</a>, kan die versteuring kom vanaf kwantum vakuumfluktuasies. 'n Kern (of enige opgewekte stelsel in kwantummeganika) is onstabiel en kan dus <i>spontaan stabiliseer</i> om 'n minder opgewekte toestand aan te neem. Hierdie proses word aangedryf deur die entropie: die energie verander nie, maar aan die einde van die proses, is die totale energie meer verdun in 'n gegewe volume in die ruimte. Die gevolglike transformasie verander die struktuur van die kern. So 'n reaksie is dus 'n <a href="/wiki/Kernreaksie" title="Kernreaksie">kernreaksie</a>, in teenstelling met <a href="/wiki/Chemiese_reaksie" title="Chemiese reaksie">chemiese reaksies</a> wat ook deur entropie aangedryf word, maar slegs veranderinge in die buitenste <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektrone</a> van atome behels eerder as in die kern self. </p><p>Sommige kernreaksies behels wel die invloed van eksterne energiebronne in die vorm van botsings met partikels van buite die kern. Hierdie reaksies word egter nie as <i>verval</i> beskou nie maar is eerder voorbeelde van 'n geïnduseerde kernreaksie. <a href="/wiki/Kernsplyting" title="Kernsplyting">Kernsplyting</a> en kernversmelting is algemene voorbeelde van geïnduseerde kernreaksies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kyk_ook">Kyk ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio-aktiewe_verval&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Kyk ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio-aktiewe_verval&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Kyk ook"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfaverval" title="Alfaverval">Alfaverval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betaverval" title="Betaverval">Betaverval</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ontsluit van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radio-aktiewe_verval&oldid=2545208">https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radio-aktiewe_verval&oldid=2545208</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Kategorie%C3%AB" title="Spesiaal:Kategorieë">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Fisika" title="Kategorie:Fisika">Fisika</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Die bladsy is laas op 14 Desember 2022 om 07:43 bygewerk.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Die teks is beskikbaar onder die lisensie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Erkenning-Insgelyks Deel</a>. 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