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class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 8578</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: political risk</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8578</span> Real Activities Manipulation vs. Accrual Earnings Management: The Effect of Political Risk</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heba%20Abdelmotaal">Heba Abdelmotaal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magdy%20Abdel-Kader"> Magdy Abdel-Kader</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: This study explores whether a firm’s effective political risk management is preventing real and accrual earnings management . Design/methodology/approach: Based on a sample of 130 firms operating in Egypt during the period 2008-2013, two hypotheses are tested using the panel data regression models. Findings: The empirical findings indicate a significant relation between real and accrual earnings management and political risk. Originality/value: This paper provides a statistically evidence on the effects of the political risk management failure on the mangers’ engagement in the real and accrual earnings management practices, and its impact on the firm’s performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20risk" title="political risk">political risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20management%20failure" title=" risk management failure"> risk management failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real%20activities%20manipulation" title=" real activities manipulation"> real activities manipulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accrual%20earnings%20management" title=" accrual earnings management"> accrual earnings management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32461/real-activities-manipulation-vs-accrual-earnings-management-the-effect-of-political-risk" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32461.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">447</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8577</span> Environment-Specific Political Risk Discourse, Environmental Reputation, and Stock Price Crash Risk</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sohanur%20Rahman">Sohanur Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elisabeth%20Sinnewe"> Elisabeth Sinnewe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Larelle%20%28Ellie%29%E2%80%AFChapple"> Larelle (Ellie) Chapple</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Osborne"> Sarah Osborne</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Greater political attention to global climate change exposes firms to a higher level of political uncertainty, which can lead to adverse capital market consequences. However, a higher level of discourse on environment-specific political risk (EPR) between management and investors can mitigate information asymmetry, followed by less stock price crash risk. This study examines whether EPR discourse in discourse in the earnings conference calls (ECC) reduces firm-level stock price crash risk in the US market. This research also explores if adverse disclosures via media channels further moderates the association between EPR on crash risk. Employing a dataset of 28,933 firm-year observations from 2002 to 2020, the empirical analysis reveals that EPR discourse in ECC reduces future stock price crash risk. However, adverse disclosures via media channels can offset the favourable effect of EPR discourse on crash risk. The results are robust to the potential endogeneity concern in a quasi-natural experiment setting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earnings%20conference%20calls" title="earnings conference calls">earnings conference calls</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment-specific%20political%20risk%20discourse" title=" environment-specific political risk discourse"> environment-specific political risk discourse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20disclosures" title=" environmental disclosures"> environmental disclosures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20asymmetry" title=" information asymmetry"> information asymmetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reputation%20risk" title=" reputation risk"> reputation risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stock%20price%20crash%20risk" title=" stock price crash risk"> stock price crash risk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152590/environment-specific-political-risk-discourse-environmental-reputation-and-stock-price-crash-risk" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152590.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8576</span> The Nexus between Country Risk and Exchange Rate Regimes: A Global Investigation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jie%20Liu">Jie Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Wei"> Wei Wei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chun-Ping%20Chang"> Chun-Ping Chang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using a sample of 110 countries over the period 1984-2013, this paper examines the impacts of country risks on choosing a specific exchange rate regime (first by utilizing the Levy-Yeyati and Sturzenegger de facto classification and then robusting it by the IMF de jure measurement) relative to other regimes via the panel multinomial logit approach. Empirical findings are as follows. First, in the full samples case we provide evidence that government is more likely to implement a flexible regime, but less likely to adopt a fixed regime, under a low level of composite and financial risk. Second, we find that Eurozone countries are more likely to choose a fixed exchange rate regime with a decrease in the level of country risk and favor a flexible regime in response to a shock from an increase of risk, which is opposite to non-Eurozone countries. Third, we note that high-risk countries are more likely to choose a fixed regime with a low level of composite and political risk in the government, but do not adjust the exchange rate regime as a shock absorber when facing economic and financial risks. It is interesting to see that those countries with relatively low risk display almost opposite results versus high-risk economies. Overall, we believe that it is critically important to account for political economy variables in a government’s exchange rate policy decisions, especially for country risks. All results are robust to the panel ordered probit model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=country%20risk" title="country risk">country risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20economy" title=" political economy"> political economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exchange%20rate%20regimes" title=" exchange rate regimes"> exchange rate regimes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock%20absorber" title=" shock absorber"> shock absorber</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49375/the-nexus-between-country-risk-and-exchange-rate-regimes-a-global-investigation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49375.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8575</span> Factors Constraining the Utilization of Risk Management Strategies in the Execution of Public Construction Projects in North East Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20U.%20Kunya">S. U. Kunya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Mohammad"> S. A. Mohammad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Construction projects in Nigeria are characterized with risks emanating from delays and accompanying cost-overruns. The aim of the study was to identify and assess factors constraining the utilization of risk management strategies in the execution of public construction project in North-East Nigeria. Data was collected with the aid of a well-structured questionnaire administered to three identified projects in the North-east. Data collected were analysed using the severity index. Findings revealed political involvement, selection of inexperienced contractors and lack of coordinated public sector strategy as the most severe factors constraining the utilization of risk management strategies. The study recommended that: formulation of laws to prevent negative political meddling in construction projects; selection of experienced, risk-informed contractors; and comprehensive risk assessment and planning on all public construction projects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factors" title="factors">factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=north-east" title=" north-east"> north-east</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20projects" title=" public projects"> public projects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20management" title=" risk management"> risk management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategies" title=" strategies"> strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=utilization" title=" utilization"> utilization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60305/factors-constraining-the-utilization-of-risk-management-strategies-in-the-execution-of-public-construction-projects-in-north-east-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60305.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">543</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8574</span> Transnational Corporation as Political Form of Government</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olha%20Oleshchuk">Olha Oleshchuk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Such companies as Apple, Coca-Cola, Microsoft, Samsung are well-known, but most people do not know about their economic and political influence on society at national and international levels. This ignorance is beneficial for transnational corporations because it reduces the risk of possible resistance of the society and creates favourable conditions for the formation of a new governmental political form. The aim of the research to analyse the opportunity of creating of a new governmental political form. The aim of the research is realized by implementation of such objectives: 1) to consider the possibility of the formation of new political forms of government; 2) to determine the influence of TNCs on the state, which is necessary for a mature, aware citizen; 3) to learn the roles of TNCs, which provide the awareness in the spheres of the world politics, economics, and everyday life. The relevance of the research is confirmed by the fact that new political forms of government are poorly studied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=objective%20factors%20of%20losing%20leading%20position%20by%20state" title="objective factors of losing leading position by state">objective factors of losing leading position by state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transnational%20corporations" title=" transnational corporations"> transnational corporations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TNCs%27%20economic%20influence" title=" TNCs' economic influence"> TNCs' economic influence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TNCs%27%20political%20influence" title=" TNCs' political influence"> TNCs' political influence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132266/transnational-corporation-as-political-form-of-government" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132266.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8573</span> Risk Measure from Investment in Finance by Value at Risk</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20El-Arbi%20Khalfallah">Mohammed El-Arbi Khalfallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Lakhdar%20Hadji"> Mohamed Lakhdar Hadji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Managing and controlling risk is a topic research in the world of finance. Before a risky situation, the stakeholders need to do comparison according to the positions and actions, and financial institutions must take measures of a particular market risk and credit. In this work, we study a model of risk measure in finance: Value at Risk (VaR), which is a new tool for measuring an entity's exposure risk. We explain the concept of value at risk, your average, tail, and describe the three methods for computing: Parametric method, Historical method, and numerical method of Monte Carlo. Finally, we briefly describe advantages and disadvantages of the three methods for computing value at risk. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=average%20value%20at%20risk" title="average value at risk">average value at risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conditional%20value%20at%20risk" title=" conditional value at risk"> conditional value at risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tail%20value%20at%20risk" title=" tail value at risk"> tail value at risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value%20at%20risk" title=" value at risk"> value at risk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61669/risk-measure-from-investment-in-finance-by-value-at-risk" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61669.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">447</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8572</span> Political Deprivations, Political Risk and the Extent of Skilled Labor Migration from Pakistan: Finding of a Time-Series Analysis </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Toqueer%20Akhter">Syed Toqueer Akhter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussain%20Hamid"> Hussain Hamid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the last few decades an upward trend has been observed in the case of labor migration from Pakistan. The emigrants are not just economically motivated and in search of a safe living environment towards more developed countries in Europe, North America and Middle East. The opportunity cost of migration comes in the form of brain drain that is the loss of qualified and skilled human capital. Throughout the history of Pakistan, situations of political instability have emerged ranging from violation of political rights, political disappearances to political assassinations. Providing security to the citizens is a major issue faced in Pakistan due to increase in crime and terrorist activities. The aim of the study is to test the impact of political instability, appearing in the form of political terror, violation of political rights and civil liberty on skilled migration of labor. Three proxies are used to measure the political instability; political terror scale (based on a scale of 1-5, the political terror and violence that a country encounters in a particular year), political rights (a rating of 1-7, that describes political rights as the ability for the people to participate without restraint in political process) and civil liberty (a rating of 1-7, civil liberty is defined as the freedom of expression and rights without government intervention). Using time series data from 1980-2011, the distributed lag models were used for estimation because migration is not a onetime process, previous events and migration can lead to more migration. Our research clearly shows that political instability appearing in the form of political terror, political rights and civil liberty all appeared significant in explaining the extent of skilled migration of Pakistan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skilled%20labor%20migration" title="skilled labor migration">skilled labor migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20terror" title=" political terror"> political terror</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20rights" title=" political rights"> political rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=civil%20liberty" title=" civil liberty"> civil liberty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20lag%20model" title=" distributed lag model"> distributed lag model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8865/political-deprivations-political-risk-and-the-extent-of-skilled-labor-migration-from-pakistan-finding-of-a-time-series-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8865.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1032</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8571</span> Management Strategies for Risk Events in Construction Industries during Economic Situation and COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ezeabasili%20Chibuike%20Patrick">Ezeabasili Chibuike Patrick</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The complex situation of construction industries in Nigeria and the risk of failures involved includes cost overrun, time overrun, Corruption, Government influence, Subcontractor challenges, Political influence and Instability, Cultural differences, Human resources deficiencies, cash flow Challenges, foreign exchange issues, inadequate design, Safety, low productivity, late payment, Quality control issues, project management issues, Environmental issues, Force majeure Competition amongst others has made the industry prone to risk and failures. Good project management remains effective in improving decision-making, which minimizes these risk events. This study was done to address these project risks and good decision-making to avert them. A mixed-method approach to research was used to do this study. Data collected by questionnaires and interviews on thirty-two (32) construction professionals was used in analyses to aid the knowledge and management of risks that were identified. The study revealed that there is no good risk management expertise in Nigeria. Also, that the economic/political situation and the recent COVID-19 pandemic has added to the risk and poor management strategies. The contingency theory and cost has therefore surfaced to be the most strategic management method used to reduce these risk issues and they seem to be very effective. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategies" title="strategies">strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20management" title=" risk management"> risk management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contingency%20theory" title=" contingency theory"> contingency theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146927/management-strategies-for-risk-events-in-construction-industries-during-economic-situation-and-covid-19-pandemic-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146927.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8570</span> Gender Differences in Risk Aversion Behavior: Case Study of Saudi Arabia and Jordan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Razan%20Salem">Razan Salem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Men and women have different approaches towards investing, both in terms of strategies and risk attitudes. This study aims to focus mainly on investigating the financial risk behaviors of Arab women investors and to examine the financial risk tolerance levels of Arab women relative to Arab men investors. Using survey data on 547 Arab men and women investors, the results of Wilcoxon Signed-Rank (One-Sample) test Mann-Whitney <em>U </em>test reveal that Arab women are risk-averse investors and have lower financial risk tolerance levels relative to Arab men. Such findings can be explained by the fact of women's nature and lower investment literacy levels. Further, the current political uncertainty in the Arab region may be considered as another explanation of Arab women’s risk aversion behavior. The study's findings support the existing literature by validating the stereotype of “women are more risk-averse than men” in the Arab region. Overall, when it comes to investment and financial behaviors, women around the world behave similarly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arab%20region" title="Arab region">Arab region</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture" title=" culture"> culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20risk%20behavior" title=" financial risk behavior"> financial risk behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20differences" title=" gender differences"> gender differences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%20investors" title=" women investors"> women investors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101511/gender-differences-in-risk-aversion-behavior-case-study-of-saudi-arabia-and-jordan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101511.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8569</span> Model of MSD Risk Assessment at Workplace</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Sekulov%C3%A1">K. Sekulová</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20%C5%A0imon"> M. Šimon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article focuses on upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorders risk assessment model at workplace. In this model are used risk factors that are responsible for musculoskeletal system damage. Based on statistic calculations the model is able to define what risk of MSD threatens workers who are under risk factors. The model is also able to say how MSD risk would decrease if these risk factors are eliminated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ergonomics" title="ergonomics">ergonomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=musculoskeletal%20disorders" title=" musculoskeletal disorders"> musculoskeletal disorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupational%20diseases" title=" occupational diseases"> occupational diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20factors" title=" risk factors"> risk factors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13024/model-of-msd-risk-assessment-at-workplace" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13024.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">555</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8568</span> Risk Assessment Results in Biogas Production from Agriculture Biomass</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandija%20Zeverte-Rivza">Sandija Zeverte-Rivza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irina%20Pilvere"> Irina Pilvere</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baiba%20Rivza"> Baiba Rivza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of renewable energy sources incl. biogas has become topical in accordance with the increasing demand for energy, decrease of fossil energy resources and the efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as well as to increase energy independence from the territories where fossil energy resources are available. As the technologies of biogas production from agricultural biomass develop, risk assessment and risk management become necessary for farms producing such a renewable energy. The need for risk assessments has become particularly topical when discussions on changing the biogas policy in the EU take place, which may influence the development of the sector in the future, as well as the operation of existing biogas facilities and their income level. The current article describes results of the risk assessment for farms producing biomass from agriculture biomass in Latvia, the risk assessment system included 24 risks, that affect the whole biogas production process and the obtained results showed the high significance of political and production risks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biogas%20production" title="biogas production">biogas production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risks" title=" risks"> risks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20assessment" title=" risk assessment"> risk assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosystems%20engineering" title=" biosystems engineering"> biosystems engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6649/risk-assessment-results-in-biogas-production-from-agriculture-biomass" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6649.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8567</span> Hidden Populations and Women: New Political, Methodological and Ethical Challenges</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ren%C3%A9e%20Fregosi">Renée Fregosi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The contribution presently proposed will report on the beginnings of a Franco-Chilean study to be launched in 2015 by a multidisciplinary team of Renée Fregosi Political Science University Paris 3 / CECIEC, Norma Muñoz Public Policies University of Santiago of Chile, Jean-Daniel Lelievre, Medicine Paris 11 University, Marcelo WOLFF Medicine University of Chile, Cecilia Blatrix Political Science University Paris-Tech, Ernesto OTTONE, Political Science University of Chile, Paul DENY Medicine Paris 13 University, Rafael Bugueno Medicine Hospital Urgencia Pública of Santiago, Eduardo CARRASCO Political Science Paris 3 University. The problem of hidden populations challenges some criteria and concepts to re-examine: in particular the concept of target population, sampling methods to "snowball" and the cost-effectiveness criterion that shows the connection of political and scientific fields. Furthermore, if the pattern of homosexual transmission still makes up the highest percentage of the modes of infection with HIV, there is a continuous increase in the number of people infected through heterosexual sex, including women and persons aged 50 years and older. This group can be described as " unknown risk people." Access to these populations is a major challenge and raises methodological, ethical and political issues of prevention, particularly on the issue of screening. This paper proposes an inventory of these types of problems and their articulation, to define a new phase in the prevention against HIV refocused on women. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIV%20testing" title="HIV testing">HIV testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hidden%20populations" title=" hidden populations"> hidden populations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=difficult%20to%20reach%20PLWHA" title=" difficult to reach PLWHA"> difficult to reach PLWHA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title=" women"> women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unknown%20risk%20people" title=" unknown risk people "> unknown risk people </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20752/hidden-populations-and-women-new-political-methodological-and-ethical-challenges" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20752.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">528</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8566</span> The Effect of Taxpayer Political Beliefs on Tax Evasion Behavior: An Empirical Study Applied to Tunisian Case</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadia%20Elouaer">Nadia Elouaer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tax revenue is the main state resource and one of the important variables in tax policy. Nevertheless, this resource is continually decreasing, so it is important to focus on the reasons for this decline. Several studies show that the taxpayer is reluctant to pay taxes, especially in countries at risk or in countries in transition, including Tunisia. This study focuses on the tax evasion behavior of a Tunisian taxpayer under the influence of his political beliefs, as well as the influence of different tax compliance variables. Using a questionnaire, a sample of 500 Tunisian taxpayers is used to examine the relationship between political beliefs and taxpayer affiliations and tax compliance variables, as well as the study of the causal link between political beliefs and fraudulent behavior. The data were examined using correlation, factor, and regression analysis and found a positive and statistically significant relationship between the different tax compliance variables and the tax evasion behavior. There is also a positive and statistically significant relationship between tax evasion and political beliefs and affiliations. The study of the relationship between political beliefs and compliance variables shows that they are closely related. The conclusion is to admit that tax evasion and political beliefs are closely linked, and the government should update its tax policy and modernize its administration in order to strengthen the credibility and disclosure of information in order to restore a relationship of trust between public authorities and the taxpayer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiscal%20policy" title="fiscal policy">fiscal policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20beliefs" title=" political beliefs"> political beliefs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tax%20%20evasion" title=" tax evasion"> tax evasion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taxpayer%20behavior" title=" taxpayer behavior"> taxpayer behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113983/the-effect-of-taxpayer-political-beliefs-on-tax-evasion-behavior-an-empirical-study-applied-to-tunisian-case" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113983.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8565</span> Risk Management and Security Practice in Customs Supply Chain: Application of Cross ABC Method to the Moroccan Customs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lamia%20Hammadi">Lamia Hammadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdellah%20Ait%20Ouhman"> Abdellah Ait Ouhman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aomar%20Ibourk"> Aomar Ibourk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is widely assumed that the case of Customs Supply Chain is classified as a complex system, due to not only the variety and large number of actors, but also their complex structural links, and the interactions between these actors, that’s why this system is subject to various types of Risks. The economic, political and social impacts of those risks are highly detrimental to countries, businesses and the public, for this reason, Risk management in the customs supply chain is becoming a crucial issue to ensure the sustainability, security and safety. The main characteristic of customs risk management approach is determining which goods and means of transport should be examined? To what extend? And where future compliance resources should be directed? The purposes of this article are, firstly to deal with the concept of customs supply chain, secondly present our risk management approach based on Cross Activity Based Costing (ABC) Method as an interactive tool to support decision making in customs risk management. Finally, analysis of case study of Moroccan customs to putting theory into practice and will thus draw together the various elements of a structured and efficient risk management approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross%20ABC%20method" title="cross ABC method">cross ABC method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customs%20supply%20chain" title=" customs supply chain"> customs supply chain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk" title=" risk"> risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20management" title=" risk management"> risk management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8638/risk-management-and-security-practice-in-customs-supply-chain-application-of-cross-abc-method-to-the-moroccan-customs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8638.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8564</span> Risk Measurement and Management Strategies in Poultry Farm Enterprises in Imo State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Donatus%20Otuiheoma%20Ohajianya">Donatus Otuiheoma Ohajianya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Augusta%20Onyekachi%20Unamba"> Augusta Onyekachi Unamba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study analyzed risk among poultry farm enterprises in Imo State of Nigeria. Specifically, it examined sources of risks, the major risks associated with poultry farm enterprise, and the risk-reducing strategies among the poultry farm enterprises in the study area. Primary data collected in 2015 with validated questionnaire from 120 proportionately and randomly selected poultry farm enterprises were used for the study. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and W-Statistic that was validated with Pearson Criterion (X2). The results showed that major risk sources affecting poultry farm enterprises were production, marketing, financial and political in that order. The results found a W-Statistic value of 0.789, which was verified by Pearson Criterion to obtain X2-Calculated value of 4.65 which is lower that X2-Critical value of 11.07 at 5% significant level. The risk-reducing strategies were found to be diversification, savings, co-operative marketing, borrowing, and insurance. It was recommended that government and donor agencies should make policies aimed at encouraging poultry farm enterprises adopt the highlighted risk-reducing strategies in risk management to improve their productivity and farm income. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk" title="risk">risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=measurement" title=" measurement"> measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poultry%20farm" title=" poultry farm"> poultry farm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imo%20State" title=" Imo State"> Imo State</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55391/risk-measurement-and-management-strategies-in-poultry-farm-enterprises-in-imo-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55391.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8563</span> UEMSD Risk Identification: Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Sekulov%C3%A1">K. Sekulová</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20%C5%A0imon"> M. Šimon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article demonstrates on a case study how it is possible to identify MSD risk. It is based on a dissertation risk identification model of occupational diseases formation in relation to the work activity that determines what risk can endanger workers who are exposed to the specific risk factors. It is evaluated based on statistical calculations. These risk factors are main cause of upper-extremities musculoskeletal disorders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=case%20study" title="case study">case study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=upper-extremity%20musculoskeletal%20disorders" title=" upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorders"> upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ergonomics" title=" ergonomics"> ergonomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20identification" title=" risk identification"> risk identification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14518/uemsd-risk-identification-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14518.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">505</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8562</span> Comparing Higher-Order Moment Risk Measures with Co-Expected Shortfall and Co-VaR</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abootaleb%20Shirvani">Abootaleb Shirvani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Risk measurement is essential in financial markets, particularly for assessing systemic risk and financial contagion. Traditional risk measures like Value at Risk (VaR) and Expected Shortfall (ES) focus on first and second moments, failing to capture asymmetric risk transmission and extreme tail dependencies. Higher-order moment measures such as co-skewness and co-kurtosis address these limitations but lack coherence properties, reducing their reliability. This research compares higher-order moment risk measures with Co-Expected Shortfall (Co-ES) and Co-Value at Risk (Co-VaR), analyzing their mathematical properties, coherence, and effectiveness in systemic risk assessment. While Co-ES satisfies coherence axioms and provides robust tail risk estimation, Co-VaR captures conditional risk spillovers but lacks full coherence. The study integrates higher-order moments with Co-ES to enhance systemic risk modeling. Through theoretical analysis and empirical validation, this paper provides insights into risk transmission mechanisms and proposes an improved framework for financial risk management. The findings offer valuable implications for policymakers and financial institutions in designing effective risk mitigation strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systemic%20risk" title="systemic risk">systemic risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coherent%20risk%20measures" title=" coherent risk measures"> coherent risk measures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher-order%20moments" title=" higher-order moments"> higher-order moments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tail%20risk" title=" tail risk"> tail risk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/199204/comparing-higher-order-moment-risk-measures-with-co-expected-shortfall-and-co-var" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/199204.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8561</span> Correlation Between Political Awareness and Political Participation for University Students: An Applied Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rana%20Mohamed%20Abd%20El%20Aal">Rana Mohamed Abd El Aal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This is an exploratory study that aims to answer the question of whether and to what extent the prevailing political culture with a special focus to the factor of political awareness for Egyptian university students is influential in shaping their participatory behavior; more precisely in four main Universities ;(Cairo University- BaniSwif University- BUE University- Suez Canal University). To ensure the validity of my results, I deployed a number of different data collection methods: the collection, analysis, integration of both quantitative and qualitative methods; for investigating two main hypothesis H1: There is a positive relation between the political awareness level and political participation for university students, H2: There is a positive relation between political values in the society and the level of political participation of university students. The study reveals that though the sample represented the portion of political science students in different Universities, the level of political awareness and political participation was low with a statistically significant relationship; also, the patterns of values in Egyptian culture affects significantly the level of participation in the different universities. Therefore; the study using SWOT analysis recommends some policies for increasing the level of awareness and integrating youth in the political process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20awareness" title="political awareness">political awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20participation" title=" political participation"> political participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=civic%20culture" title=" civic culture"> civic culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citizenship" title=" citizenship"> citizenship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=egyptian%20universities" title="egyptian universities">egyptian universities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20knowledge" title=" political knowledge"> political knowledge</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140273/correlation-between-political-awareness-and-political-participation-for-university-students-an-applied-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140273.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8560</span> Social Media Use and Political Trust in Germany</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna.Marie%20R%C3%B6nsch">Anna.Marie Rönsch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marc%20Verboord"> Marc Verboord</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Social media use in connection to political trust and political positions seems to be more relevant than ever for German society given the success of right radical parties in the European elections in 2024, especially among young voters, as well as the increasing use and operationalization of social media for political information and representation. This paper contributes to the study of social media use and trust in politics in Germany by specifically analysing the connection between different social media platforms and political trust while including the political position of social media users. Multiple regression analyses were conducted based on the German digilog@bw dataset from 2022 with 1818 participants. The results suggest that people with radical political positions tend to use social media more frequently while especially Telegram and TikTok are characterized by users with radical political positions. Additionally, different platforms were found to vary in their effect on political trust. This study shows that social media can’t be generalized under one category but needs to be examined in its diversity to combat current developments and strengthen political trust by employing purposeful and unifying strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media%20platforms" title="social media platforms">social media platforms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20trust" title=" political trust"> political trust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20positions" title=" political positions"> political positions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polarisation" title=" polarisation"> polarisation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/195941/social-media-use-and-political-trust-in-germany" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/195941.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">23</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8559</span> Enterprise Risk Management: A Future Outlook</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruchi%20Agarwal">Ruchi Agarwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jake%20Ansell"> Jake Ansell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Austerity impacts on all aspects of society. Companies into the future will have to be more capable of dealing with the risks they face. Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) has widely been accepted in recent years as an approach to manage risks within businesses. ERM attempts to tackle risk holistically with gains from opportunities in a managing risk and reduction in the risk of failure. The paper reviews merits and demerits of approaches to risk management in regard to antifragility. A qualitative study has investigated current practices and the problems with ERM implementation by interviewing over 25 chief risk officers and senior management. The findings indicate the gap in ERM description, understanding, and implementation. The paper suggests risk learning and expertise knowledge supports development of effective enterprise risk management by designing systems with inherent resilience. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20management" title="risk management">risk management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interviews" title=" interviews"> interviews</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifragility" title=" antifragility"> antifragility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=failure" title=" failure"> failure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11136/enterprise-risk-management-a-future-outlook" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11136.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">570</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8558</span> Tools and Techniques in Risk Assessment in Public Risk Management Organisations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atousa%20Khodadadyan">Atousa Khodadadyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gabe%20Mythen"> Gabe Mythen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hirbod%20Assa"> Hirbod Assa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beverley%20Bishop"> Beverley Bishop</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Risk assessment and the knowledge provided through this process is a crucial part of any decision-making process in the management of risks and uncertainties. Failure in assessment of risks can cause inadequacy in the entire process of risk management, which in turn can lead to failure in achieving organisational objectives as well as having significant damaging consequences on populations affected by the potential risks being assessed. The choice of tools and techniques in risk assessment can influence the degree and scope of decision-making and subsequently the risk response strategy. There are various available qualitative and quantitative tools and techniques that are deployed within the broad process of risk assessment. The sheer diversity of tools and techniques available to practitioners makes it difficult for organisations to consistently employ the most appropriate methods. This tools and techniques adaptation is rendered more difficult in public risk regulation organisations due to the sensitive and complex nature of their activities. This is particularly the case in areas relating to the environment, food, and human health and safety, when organisational goals are tied up with societal, political and individuals’ goals at national and international levels. Hence, recognising, analysing and evaluating different decision support tools and techniques employed in assessing risks in public risk management organisations was considered. This research is part of a mixed method study which aimed to examine the perception of risk assessment and the extent to which organisations practise risk assessment’ tools and techniques. The study adopted a semi-structured questionnaire with qualitative and quantitative data analysis to include a range of public risk regulation organisations from the UK, Germany, France, Belgium and the Netherlands. The results indicated the public risk management organisations mainly use diverse tools and techniques in the risk assessment process. The primary hazard analysis; brainstorming; hazard analysis and critical control points were described as the most practiced risk identification techniques. Within qualitative and quantitative risk analysis, the participants named the expert judgement, risk probability and impact assessment, sensitivity analysis and data gathering and representation as the most practised techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision-making" title="decision-making">decision-making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20risk%20management%20organisations" title=" public risk management organisations"> public risk management organisations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20assessment" title=" risk assessment"> risk assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tools%20and%20techniques" title=" tools and techniques"> tools and techniques</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86738/tools-and-techniques-in-risk-assessment-in-public-risk-management-organisations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86738.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8557</span> Thai’s Film after Political Crisis in October 14, 1973 and Political Crisis between 2005-2014</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pison%20Suwanpakdee">Pison Suwanpakdee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of presenting this article is to analyze between Thai’s film and Thai society in political crisis, to study the development and trend of the film which reflects society in Thailand from political crisis of 14 October 1973 and the present day political crisis using a comparative study of the two era, both the similarities and differences in the film reflects the society in an era of change. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=film" title="film">film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political" title=" political"> political</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neorealism" title=" neorealism"> neorealism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thailand" title=" Thailand "> Thailand </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10747/thais-film-after-political-crisis-in-october-14-1973-and-political-crisis-between-2005-2014" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10747.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">432</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8556</span> A Guidance to Enhance the Risk Culture among the Organizations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Najeebah%20Almahmeed">Najeebah Almahmeed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Risk Management is an evolving subject among organizations that include corporations, governments, non-governmental organizations, and not-for-profit corporations. In order to enhance awareness around the importance of Risk Management and make sure everyone is using it in their day-to-day job, the Risk Culture topic has emerged and gained importance not only in the Finance Sector but also in the National Oil Companies in Kuwait. Risk Culture can be defined as the shared beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors within a company that guide its approach to managing risks. It acts as a connecting force that links policies, procedures, and individuals, influencing how risks are understood and tackled through activities. In this research, benefits of Risk Culture are shared, guidelines are presented to promote a risk aware culture, and fully embed and enforce Risk-based processes and procedures. Moreover, this research demonstrates methodologies of measuring the Risk Culture using specific dimensions and clusters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clusters" title="clusters">clusters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dimensions" title=" dimensions"> dimensions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20oil%20companies" title=" national oil companies"> national oil companies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20culture" title=" risk culture"> risk culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20management" title=" risk management"> risk management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172830/a-guidance-to-enhance-the-risk-culture-among-the-organizations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172830.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8555</span> The Correlation between Political Awareness and Political Participation for University Students’ “Applied Study”</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rana%20Mohamed">Rana Mohamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite youth in Egypt were away from political life for a long time; they are able to make a tangible difference in political status. Purpose: This exploratory study aims to determine whether and how much the prevailing political culture influence participatory behavior with a special focus on political awareness factors among university students in Egypt. Methodology: The study employed several data collection methods to ensure the validity of the results, quantitative and qualitative, verifying the positive relationships between the levels of political awareness and political participation and between political values in society and the level of political participation among university students. For achieving the objectives of the paper in the light of the pool of available literature and data, the study adopts system analysis method to apply input-output and conversions associated with the phenomena of political participation to analyze the different factors that have an effect upon the prevailing political culture and the patterns of values in Egyptian society. Findings: The result reveals that the level of political awareness and political participation for students were low, with a statistically significant relationship. In addition, the patterns of values in Egyptian culture significantly influence the levels of student participation. Therefore, the study recommends formulating policies that aim to increase awareness levels and integrate youth into the political process. Originality/Value: The importance of the academic study stems from addressing one of the central issues in political science; this study measures the change in the Egyptian patterns of culture and values among university students. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20awareness" title="political awareness">political awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20participation" title=" political participation"> political participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=civic%20culture" title=" civic culture"> civic culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citizenship" title=" citizenship"> citizenship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egyptian%20universities" title=" Egyptian universities"> Egyptian universities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20knowledge" title=" political knowledge"> political knowledge</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140294/the-correlation-between-political-awareness-and-political-participation-for-university-students-applied-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140294.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">254</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8554</span> Risk Assessment for International Investment: A Standardized Approach to Identify Risk, Risk Appetite, Risk Rating, Risk Treatment and Mitigation Plans</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pui%20Yong%20Leo">Pui Yong Leo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Normy%20Maziah%20Mohd%20Said"> Normy Maziah Mohd Said</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Change of global economy landscape and business environment has led to companies’ decision to go global and enter international markets. As the companies go beyond the comfort zone (i.e. investing in the home country), it is important to ensure a comprehensive risk assessment is carried out. This paper describes a standardized approach for international investment, ensuring identification of risk, risk appetite, risk rating, risk treatment and mitigation plans for respective international investment proposal. The standardized approach is divided into three (3) stages as follows: Stage 1 – Preliminary Risk profiling; with the objective to gauge exposure to countries and high level risk factors as first level assessment. Stage 2 – Risk Parameters; with the objective to define risk appetite for the international investment from the perspective of likelihood and impact. Stage 3 – Detailed Risk Assessments; with the objectives to assess in detail any triggered elements from Stage 1, and project specific risks. The final output will include the mitigation plans for the identified risks for the total investment. Example will be given in this paper to show how comprehensive risk assessment is carried out for an international investment in power energy sector. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20investment" title="international investment">international investment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitigation%20plans" title=" mitigation plans"> mitigation plans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20appetite" title=" risk appetite"> risk appetite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20assessment" title=" risk assessment"> risk assessment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61464/risk-assessment-for-international-investment-a-standardized-approach-to-identify-risk-risk-appetite-risk-rating-risk-treatment-and-mitigation-plans" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61464.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8553</span> Neo-Realism in Thai’s Film after Political Crisis in October 14, 1973 and Political Crisis between 2005-2014 </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Pison">S. Pison</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of presenting this article is to analyze between Thai’s film and Thai society in political crisis, to study the development and trend of the film which reflects society in Thailand from political crisis of 14 October 1973 and the present day political crisis using a comparative study of the two era, both the similarities and differences in the film reflects the society in an era of change. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=film" title="film">film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political" title=" political"> political</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neo-realism" title=" neo-realism"> neo-realism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social" title=" social"> social</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thailand" title=" Thailand"> Thailand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8596/neo-realism-in-thais-film-after-political-crisis-in-october-14-1973-and-political-crisis-between-2005-2014" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8596.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8552</span> Political Alienation and Corruption in Libya</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mabroka%20B.%20Al-Werfalli">Mabroka B. Al-Werfalli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper looks at some aspects of Libya’s political culture relating to corruption and tries to map the links that bond political alienation to corruption. The subject was approached by surveying opinion. The study, of which culture of corruption was part, concerned the phenomena of political alienation in Libya. It was based on a survey conducted in winter 2001 and targeted a sample of 877 participants from the city of Benghazi. The questions were designed to determine the extent to which corruption is seen, by the Libyans, as a national problem. It also describes perceptions about levels, types and causes of corruption; trust in governmental institutions and senior officials of the State and assessments of anti-corruption regulations and actions taken by the regime. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-corruption" title="anti-corruption">anti-corruption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corruption" title=" corruption"> corruption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture%20of%20corruption" title=" culture of corruption"> culture of corruption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participating%20in%20corruption" title=" participating in corruption"> participating in corruption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20alienation" title=" political alienation"> political alienation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20culture" title=" political culture"> political culture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6579/political-alienation-and-corruption-in-libya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6579.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8551</span> Integrating Individual and Structural Health Risk: A Social Identity Perspective on the HIV/AIDS Pandemic in Sub-Saharan Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Orla%20Muldoon">Orla Muldoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamaryn%20Nicolson"> Tamaryn Nicolson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mike%20Quayle"> Mike Quayle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aisling%20O%27Donnell"> Aisling O'Donnell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Psychology most often considers the role of experience and behaviour in shaping health at the individual level. On the other hand epidemiology has long considered risk at the wider group or structural level. Here we use the social identity approach to integrate group-level risk with individual level behaviour. Using a social identity approach we demonstrate that group or macro-level factors impact implicitly and profoundly in everyday ways at the level of individuals, via social identities. We illustrate how identities related to race, gender and inequality intersect to affect HIV/AIDS risk and AIDS treatment behaviours; how social identity processes drive stigmatising consequences of HIV and AIDS, and promote positive and effective interventions. We conclude by arguing that the social identity approach offers the field an explanatory framework that conceptualizes how social and political forces intersect with individual identity and agency to affect human health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20identity%20approach" title="social identity approach">social identity approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIV%2FAIDS" title=" HIV/AIDS"> HIV/AIDS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Africa" title=" Africa"> Africa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIV%20risk" title=" HIV risk"> HIV risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=race" title=" race"> race</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21212/integrating-individual-and-structural-health-risk-a-social-identity-perspective-on-the-hivaids-pandemic-in-sub-saharan-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21212.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">533</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8550</span> Terrorism: Definition, History and Different Approaches in the Analysis of Terrorism Phenomenon</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shabnam%20Dadparvar">Shabnam Dadparvar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laijin%20Shen"> Laijin Shen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farzad%20Ravanbod"> Farzad Ravanbod</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, the political phenomenon of terrorism is considered as an effective factor on political, social, and economic changes. It has replaced the recognized political phenomena such as revolutions, wars (total war among two or more political units with distinct identities in the form of national states), coups d’état, insurgencies and etc. and has challenged political life in all its levels (sub national, national, and international political groups). In this paper by using descriptive-analytical method, the authors try to explain the spread of this political phenomenon across the world, its definition and types, also analyze different approaches to understand it. The authors believe that the Logical-Rational approach is the best way to explain and understand this phenomenon. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logical%20approach" title="logical approach">logical approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological-%20social%20approach" title=" psychological- social approach"> psychological- social approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religious%20approach" title=" religious approach"> religious approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrorism" title=" terrorism"> terrorism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50701/terrorism-definition-history-and-different-approaches-in-the-analysis-of-terrorism-phenomenon" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50701.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8549</span> Social Media as a Tool for Political Communication: A Case Study of India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srikanth%20Bade">Srikanth Bade</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses how the usage of social media has altered certain discourses and communicated with the political institutions for major actions in Indian scenario. The advent of new technology in the form of social media has engrossed the general public to discuss in the open forum. How they promulgated their ideas into action is captured in this study. Moreover, these discourses happening in the social media is analyzed from certain philosophical traditions by adopting a framework. Hence, this paper analyses the role of social media in political communication and change the political discourse. Also, this paper tries to address the issue that whether the deliberation made through social media had indeed communicated the issue of political matters to the decision making authorities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collective%20action%20and%20social%20capital" title="collective action and social capital">collective action and social capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20communication" title=" political communication"> political communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20discourse" title=" political discourse"> political discourse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title=" social media"> social media</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119568/social-media-as-a-tool-for-political-communication-a-case-study-of-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119568.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20risk&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20risk&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20risk&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20risk&page=5">5</a></li> <li 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