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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>In Hinduism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_Hinduism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In Hinduism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_Hinduism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Damaru-coinage_of_Kosambi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Damaru-coinage_of_Kosambi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Damaru-coinage of Kosambi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Damaru-coinage_of_Kosambi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Tibetan_Buddhism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Tibetan_Buddhism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>In Tibetan Buddhism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_Tibetan_Buddhism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In Tibetan Buddhism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_Tibetan_Buddhism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Skull_damaru" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skull_damaru"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Skull damaru</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skull_damaru-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chöd_drum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chöd_drum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Chöd drum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chöd_drum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chöpen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chöpen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Chöpen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chöpen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" 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Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%81" title="ডম্বৰু – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ডম্বৰু" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81" title="ডমরু – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডমরু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83" title="Дамару – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дамару" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%8C%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" title="ཌ་མ་རུ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཌ་མ་རུ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaru" title="Damaru – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Damaru" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaru" title="Damaru – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Damaru" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaru" title="Damaru – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Damaru" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaru" title="Damaru – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Damaru" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81" title="डमरु – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="डमरु" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaru" title="Damaru – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Damaru" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81" title="ಡಮರು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಡಮರು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaru" title="Damaru – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Damaru" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81" title="ഡമരു – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡമരു" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81" title="डमरु – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="डमरु" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaru_(trommel)" title="Damaru (trommel) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Damaru (trommel)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82" title="डमरू – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="डमरू" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaru" title="Damaru – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Damaru" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaru" title="Damaru – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Damaru" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82" title="ਡਮਰੂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਡਮਰੂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaru" title="Damaru – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Damaru" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaru" title="Damaru – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Damaru" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83" title="Дамару – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дамару" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaru" title="Damaru – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Damaru" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaru" title="Damaru – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Damaru" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%91%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%8C" title="บัณเฑาะว์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บัณเฑาะว์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1158229#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit 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Individual <a href="/wiki/Hourglass_drum" title="Hourglass drum">hourglass-shaped</a> rattle vi drums (under revised Hornbostel Sachs classifications)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>damaru</b> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">डमरु</span>, <a href="/wiki/IAST" class="mw-redirect" title="IAST">IAST</a>: <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">ḍamaru</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan languages">Tibetan</a> ཌ་མ་རུ་ or རྔ་ཆུང) is a small two-headed drum, used in <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a>. In Hinduism, the damaru is known as the instrument of the Hindu deity <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a>, associated with <a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantric traditions</a>. It is said to be created by <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Lord Shiva</a> to produce spiritual sounds by which the whole <a href="/wiki/Universe" title="Universe">universe</a> has been created and regulated.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a>, the damaru is used as an instrument in meditation practices.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damaru&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The damaru is typically made of wood, metal with <a href="/wiki/Leather" title="Leather">leather</a> damaru heads at both ends. The resonator is made of brass. The height of the damaru is 6 inches and weight varies from 250 to 330 gm.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its height ranges from a few inches to a little over one foot. It is played single-handedly. The strikers are typically beads fastened to the ends of leather cords around the waist of the damaru. Knots in the leather can also be used as strikers; crocheted material is also common. As the player waves the drum using a twisting wrist motion, the strikers beat on the drumhead. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Hinduism">In Hinduism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damaru&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In Hinduism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Damaru_instrument_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Damaru_instrument_5.jpg/250px-Damaru_instrument_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Damaru_instrument_5.jpg/330px-Damaru_instrument_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Damaru_instrument_5.jpg/500px-Damaru_instrument_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3059" data-file-height="2294" /></a><figcaption>Damaru</figcaption></figure> <p>The damaru is very common throughout the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>. The damaru is known as a power drum, and when played, it is believed to generate spiritual energy.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It is associated with the Hindu deity Shiva. It is believed that Sanskrit language was recognized by the drumbeats of the damaru (see <a href="/wiki/Shiva_Sutra" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiva Sutra">Shiva Sutra</a> for the sounds), and his performance of the cosmic dance of <a href="/wiki/Tandava" title="Tandava">tandava</a>. The damaru is used by itinerant musicians of all stripes, due to its small portable size. </p><p>In the shield shape of some <i>damaru</i>s, the triangular upward representation also symbolizes male procreativity (the <a href="/wiki/Lingam" title="Lingam">lingam</a>), and the downward round representation symbolizes the female procreativity (the <a href="/wiki/Yoni" title="Yoni">yoni</a>). Symbolically, the creation of the world begins when the lingam and yoni meet at the midpoint of the <i>damaru</i>, and the destruction takes place when they separate from each other.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Damaru-coinage_of_Kosambi">Damaru-coinage of Kosambi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damaru&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Damaru-coinage of Kosambi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tribal_Kosambi_(Kaushambi)_damaru_coinage_from_the_Ganges_Valley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tribal_Kosambi_%28Kaushambi%29_damaru_coinage_from_the_Ganges_Valley.jpg/250px-Tribal_Kosambi_%28Kaushambi%29_damaru_coinage_from_the_Ganges_Valley.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tribal_Kosambi_%28Kaushambi%29_damaru_coinage_from_the_Ganges_Valley.jpg/330px-Tribal_Kosambi_%28Kaushambi%29_damaru_coinage_from_the_Ganges_Valley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tribal_Kosambi_%28Kaushambi%29_damaru_coinage_from_the_Ganges_Valley.jpg/500px-Tribal_Kosambi_%28Kaushambi%29_damaru_coinage_from_the_Ganges_Valley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Two Damaru-shaped coins from the Gangetic Valley</figcaption></figure> <p>In the post-Mauryan period a tribal society at <a href="/wiki/Kosambi" title="Kosambi">Kosambi</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Allahabad_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Allahabad district">Allahabad district</a>) made cast copper coinage with and without punchmarks. Their coinage resemble the damaru-drum. All such coinage has been attributed to the Kosambi. Many Indian museums, such as the National Museum, have these coins in their collections.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Tibetan_Buddhism">In Tibetan Buddhism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damaru&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In Tibetan Buddhism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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nowraplinks hlist" style="border-collapse:collapse; text-align:center; border-top:4px solid #000066; border-bottom:4px solid #000066;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#FFD068">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Vajrayana" title="Category:Vajrayana">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#FFD068"><a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000066">Vajrayana Buddhism</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vajra" title="Vajra"><img alt="Vajra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Faith_Buddhism_Vajra.svg/100px-Faith_Buddhism_Vajra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Faith_Buddhism_Vajra.svg/150px-Faith_Buddhism_Vajra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Faith_Buddhism_Vajra.svg/200px-Faith_Buddhism_Vajra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFD068;text-align:center; background-color:#FFD068; border: 2px solid #FFD068;color: var(--color-base)">Traditions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="background-color:#FDE7B9; border: 2px solid #FDE7B9"><b>Historical traditions:</b> <ul><li>Ari-Acharya <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ari_Buddhism" title="Ari Buddhism">Burmese-Bengal</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azhaliism" title="Azhaliism">Yunnan</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Esoteric_Buddhism" title="Indonesian Esoteric Buddhism">Indonesian Esoteric Buddhism</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Esoteric_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Esoteric Buddhism">Filipino Esoteric Buddhism</a> †</li></ul> <ul><li>East Asian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Esoteric_Buddhism" title="Chinese Esoteric Buddhism">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shingon_Buddhism" title="Shingon Buddhism">Japanese</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newar_Buddhism" title="Newar Buddhism">Nepalese</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Inner Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan</a></li> <li>Altaic (<a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Inner_Mongolia#Buddhism" title="Religion in Inner Mongolia">o</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Mongolia" title="Buddhism in Mongolia">x</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Russia" title="Buddhism in Russia">b, t, k</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yugur#Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugur">y</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <p><b>New branches:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_of_the_Hidden_Flower" class="mw-redirect" title="Gateway of the Hidden Flower">Gateway of the Hidden Flower</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Kadampa_Tradition" title="New Kadampa Tradition">New Kadampa Buddhism</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shambhala_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Shambhala Buddhism">Shambhala Buddhism</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/True_Awakening_Tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="True Awakening Tradition">True Awakening Tradition</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFD068;text-align:center; background-color:#FFD068; border: 2px solid #FFD068;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="background-color:#FDE7B9; border: 2px solid #FDE7B9"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantrism</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahasiddha" title="Mahasiddha">Mahasiddha</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sahaja" title="Sahaja">Sahaja</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFD068;text-align:center; background-color:#FFD068; border: 2px solid #FFD068;color: var(--color-base)">Pursuit</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="background-color:#FDE7B9; border: 2px solid #FDE7B9"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhahood" title="Buddhahood">Buddhahood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">Bodhisattva</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalachakra" title="Kalachakra">Kalachakra</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFD068;text-align:center; background-color:#FFD068; border: 2px solid #FFD068;color: var(--color-base)">Practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="background-color:#FDE7B9; border: 2px solid #FDE7B9"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Generation_stage" class="mw-redirect" title="Generation stage">Generation stage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Completion_stage" class="mw-redirect" title="Completion stage">Completion stage</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phowa" title="Phowa">Phowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukdam" title="Tukdam">Tukdam</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Tantra_techniques_(Vajrayana)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantra techniques (Vajrayana)">Tantric techniques</a>:</b> </p><p><small><b>Fourfold division:</b></small> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classes_of_Tantra_in_Tibetan_Buddhism#Kriyā" title="Classes of Tantra in Tibetan Buddhism">Kriyayoga</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charyayoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Charyayoga">Charyayoga</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yogatantra" class="mw-redirect" title="Yogatantra">Yogatantra</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anuttarayogatantra" class="mw-redirect" title="Anuttarayogatantra">Anuttarayogatantra</a></li></ul> <p><small><b>Twofold division:</b></small> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Tantras" class="mw-redirect" title="Inner Tantras">Inner Tantras</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Tantras" class="mw-redirect" title="Outer Tantras">Outer Tantras</a></li></ul> <p><b>Thought forms and visualisation:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandala" title="Mandala">Mandala</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mantra" title="Mantra">Mantra</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra">Mudra</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thangka" title="Thangka">Thangka</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yantra" title="Yantra">Yantra</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a>:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C3%B6ndro" title="Ngöndro">Ngöndro</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guru_yoga" title="Guru yoga">Guru yoga</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deity_yoga" title="Deity yoga">Deity yoga</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Six_Dharmas_of_Naropa" title="Six Dharmas of Naropa">Six yogas</a>:</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tummo" title="Tummo">Inner heat</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luminosity_(Vajrayana)" class="mw-redirect" title="Luminosity (Vajrayana)">Luminosity yoga</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dream_yoga" title="Dream yoga">Dream yoga</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bardo" title="Bardo">Death yoga</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karmamudr%C4%81" title="Karmamudrā">Sex yoga</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFD068;text-align:center; background-color:#FFD068; border: 2px solid #FFD068;color: var(--color-base)">Festivals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="background-color:#FDE7B9; border: 2px solid #FDE7B9"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganachakra" title="Ganachakra">Ganachakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Festival" title="Ghost Festival">Ullambana Puja</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFD068;text-align:center; background-color:#FFD068; border: 2px solid #FFD068;color: var(--color-base)">Tantric texts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="background-color:#FDE7B9; border: 2px solid #FDE7B9"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anuttarayoga_Tantra" class="mw-redirect" title="Anuttarayoga Tantra">Anuttarayoga Tantra</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cakrasa%E1%B9%83vara_Tantra" title="Cakrasaṃvara Tantra">Cakrasaṃvara Tantra</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guhyagarbha_Tantra" class="mw-redirect" title="Guhyagarbha Tantra">Guhyagarbha Tantra</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kulayar%C4%81ja_Tantra" title="Kulayarāja Tantra">Kulayarāja Tantra</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81m%C4%81y%C4%81_Tantra" title="Mahāmāyā Tantra">Mahāmāyā Tantra</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ma%C3%B1ju%C5%9Br%C4%AB-m%C5%ABla-kalpa" title="Mañjuśrī-mūla-kalpa">Mañjuśrī-mūla-kalpa</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ma%C3%B1ju%C5%9Br%C4%ABn%C4%81masamg%C4%ABti" title="Mañjuśrīnāmasamgīti">Mañjuśrīnāmasamgīti</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tattvasa%E1%B9%83graha_Tantra" title="Tattvasaṃgraha Tantra">Tattvasaṃgraha Tantra</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vajrasekhara_Sutra" title="Vajrasekhara Sutra">Vajrasekhara Sutra</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuthok_Nyingthig" title="Yuthok Nyingthig">Yuthok Nyingthig</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFD068;text-align:center; background-color:#FFD068; border: 2px solid #FFD068;color: var(--color-base)">Symbols and tools</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="background-color:#FDE7B9; border: 2px solid #FDE7B9"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Damaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanta" title="Ghanta">Ghanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melong" title="Melong">Melong</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phurba" title="Phurba">Phurba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajra" title="Vajra">Vajra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yab-Yum" title="Yab-Yum">Yab-Yum</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFD068;text-align:center; background-color:#FFD068; border: 2px solid #FFD068;color: var(--color-base)">Ordination and transmission</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="background-color:#FDE7B9; border: 2px solid #FDE7B9"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_transmission" class="mw-redirect" title="Esoteric transmission">Esoteric transmission</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pointing-out_instruction" title="Pointing-out instruction">Pointing-out instruction</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samaya" title="Samaya">Samaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajracharya" title="Vajracharya">Vajracharya</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vajrayana" title="Template:Vajrayana"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Vajrayana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Vajrayana (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vajrayana" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vajrayana"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/60px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/120px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Damaru" title="Special:EditPage/Damaru">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the Tibetan Buddhist tradition, the damaru is part of a collection of sacred implements and musical instrument was adopted from the tantric practices of ancient India. These reached the Himalayas from the 8th to 12th century, persisting in Tibet as the practice of <a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a> flourished there, even as it vanished in the subcontinent of India.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Skull_damaru">Skull damaru</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damaru&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Skull damaru"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Skull_(symbolism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Skull (symbolism)">Skull (symbolism)</a></div> <p>The skull (thöpa) damaru is made from a male and female skull bone or <a href="/wiki/Calvaria_(skull)" title="Calvaria (skull)">calvarium</a>, cut well above the area of the ear, and joined at their apex. Inside, male and female mantras are appropriately inscribed in gold. The skins are traditionally cured by burying them with copper and other mineral salts, and special herbal formulas for about two weeks. These are then stretched and applied to the two sides, giving the skins their familiar blue or green mottled appearance. A collar of simple brocade, or copper or silver, has a hand-hold, and is the site of attachment of the beaters, whose knit cover represents two eyeballs. The skulls are also carefully chosen for their attributes and source. After the Tibetan diaspora in 1960, they began to be manufactured in India and Nepal, with a continued degradation of quality. Today, India is no longer a source, and their creation and export from Nepal are banned, because of the acquiring of human bone through illegal practices. One still does find occasionally those with painted skins and without the proper mantras or other characteristics. </p><p>The symbolism and energetic properties of the drums is extensive. These human skull damaru or chang te'u are used in a wide range of <a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a> ritual, as a standard right hand accompaniment to the bell, held in the left hand. Usually used to together as an accent or punctuation during various tantric practices, the drum can also keep time during entire passages. For the solo practitioner, it is an essential tool, while in larger assemblies, only the presiding <a href="/wiki/Rinpoche" title="Rinpoche">Rinpoches</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Umdze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umdze (page does not exist)">chant masters</a> use them, in concert with the long horns (<a href="/wiki/Tibetan_horn" title="Tibetan horn"><span title="Classical Tibetan-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="xct-Latn">radung</span></span></a>), short horns (<span title="Classical Tibetan-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="xct-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Gyaling" title="Gyaling">gyaling</a></span></span>), large cymbals (<span title="Classical Tibetan-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="xct-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Silnyen" title="Silnyen">silnyen</a></span></span> and <span title="Classical Tibetan-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="xct-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Rolmo" title="Rolmo">rolmo</a></span></span>) and large temple drums (<a href="/wiki/Lag-na" title="Lag-na">lag-na</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chöd_drum"><span id="Ch.C3.B6d_drum"></span>Chöd drum</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damaru&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Chöd drum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Chöd drum (or <i>chöda</i>) is a specialized form of damaru. It is generally larger in circumference and has a more round shape than its smaller counterpart. The Chöd drum is used in the <a href="/wiki/Tantra_techniques_(Vajrayana)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantra techniques (Vajrayana)">tantric</a> practice of <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%B6d" title="Chöd">Chöd</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B%C4%99ben_Damaru_-_Zbiory_Muzeum_Azji_i_Pacyfiku_w_Warszawie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/B%C4%99ben_Damaru_-_Zbiory_Muzeum_Azji_i_Pacyfiku_w_Warszawie.jpg/220px-B%C4%99ben_Damaru_-_Zbiory_Muzeum_Azji_i_Pacyfiku_w_Warszawie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/B%C4%99ben_Damaru_-_Zbiory_Muzeum_Azji_i_Pacyfiku_w_Warszawie.jpg/330px-B%C4%99ben_Damaru_-_Zbiory_Muzeum_Azji_i_Pacyfiku_w_Warszawie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/B%C4%99ben_Damaru_-_Zbiory_Muzeum_Azji_i_Pacyfiku_w_Warszawie.jpg/440px-B%C4%99ben_Damaru_-_Zbiory_Muzeum_Azji_i_Pacyfiku_w_Warszawie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="7360" /></a><figcaption>Drum damaru – the Asia and Pacific Museum in Warsaw</figcaption></figure> <p>With no known antecedent, the chod is traditionally made of <a href="/wiki/Acacia" title="Acacia">acacia</a> wood (seng deng), though a variety of woods are acceptable, as long as the tree is not toxic and does not possess thorns or other negative attributes. Made as a one-piece, double-sided (two-headed) bell shape, size varies from 8 inches to 12 inches in diameter. Usually featuring only a thin veneer of varnish, so that the grain of the wood shows, they come the common red (marpo), black (nakpo) or rare yellow (serpo) type of acacia, and are very occasionally painted with skulls, the eight charnel grounds, or other symbols. The waist or belt is traditionally made of leather, though often brocades are used. A set of mantras are traditionally painted on the interior of the drum prior to its skinning. </p><p>The pitch of the drum varies, and the tone may vary depending on conditions of dampness, temperature and so on. Played slowly, and methodically, the droning of the damaru accompanies the haunting melodies and chants of the chod ritual, as of which are accompaniments for the inner meditations and visualizations that are at the heart of this spiritual practice. </p><p>The above applies to the ideal manufacture of the damaru, and as still described in the definitive modern work, the "Mindroling Handbook of Vajrayana Implements". Those manufactured in India and Nepal are made of indeterminate and cheap woods, with painted skins, often no interior mantras, and altogether deviating from the many other essentials, as prescribed in technical literature such as the Mindroling Handbook. Such copies are now widespread and in use by Eastern monastics and Western students. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chöpen"><span id="Ch.C3.B6pen"></span>Chöpen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damaru&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Chöpen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Damaru of all kinds are traditionally paired with a long sash or tail called a chöpen. The chöpen is attached to the end of the drum's handle so that it waves about while the drum is being played. They are most commonly made of brocade or silk using the colors of the tantric elements. On smaller damaru, the chöpen is usually found without adornment, but on chöd damaru, the tail will often feature several items which have been sewn onto the fabric. These adornments commonly include but are not limited to: a polished silver mirror or <a href="/wiki/Melong" title="Melong">melong</a>, a set of small bells, strips of tiger and/or leopard skin, one or more precious stones (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Dzi_bead" title="Dzi bead">dzi bead</a>), and any number of small brass trinkets. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damaru&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhadd" title="Dhadd">Dhadd</a> – Musical instrument</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhy%C4%81ngro" title="Dhyāngro">Dhyāngro</a> – Musical instrument</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangling" title="Kangling">Kangling</a> – Musical instrument</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na_(drum)" class="mw-redirect" title="Na (drum)">Na</a> – Musical instrument<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udukai" title="Udukai">Udukai</a> – Musical instrument</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damaru&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mimo-international.com/documents/hornbostel%20sachs.pdf">"Revision of the Hornbostel-Sachs Classification of Musical Instruments by the MIMO Consortium"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. MIMO Consortium. 8 July 2011. <q>2 Membranophones The sound is excited by tightly stretched membranes; 21 Struck drums The membranes are struck; 212 Rattle drums (sub-divisions as for drums struck directly, 211) The drum is shaken; percussion is by impact of pendant or enclosed pellets, or similar objects India, Tibet; 212.2 Tubular rattle drums; 212.21 Cylindrical rattle drums; 212.24 Hourglass-shaped rattle drums; 212.241 Individual hourglass-shaped rattle drums</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Revision+of+the+Hornbostel-Sachs+Classification+of+Musical+Instruments+by+the+MIMO+Consortium&rft.pub=MIMO+Consortium&rft.date=2011-07-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mimo-international.com%2Fdocuments%2Fhornbostel%2520sachs.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamaru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omeka-s.grinnell.edu/s/MusicalInstruments/item/5191">"damaru"</a>. Grinnell College Musical Instrument Collection. <q>Classification (Sachs-Von Hornbostel revised by MIMO) 212.241 membranophone--individual hourglass-shaped rattle drum (the drum is shaken; percussion is by impact of pendant or enclosed pellets, or similar objects)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=damaru&rft.pub=Grinnell+College+Musical+Instrument+Collection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fomeka-s.grinnell.edu%2Fs%2FMusicalInstruments%2Fitem%2F5191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamaru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTewari2019" class="citation web cs1">Tewari, Sahil (March 4, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://instrurentals.in/divine-intervene-lord-shiva-and-his-damru/">"Divine Intervene: Lord Shiva and his Damru"</a>. <i>InstruRentals</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=InstruRentals&rft.atitle=Divine+Intervene%3A+Lord+Shiva+and+his+Damru.&rft.date=2019-03-04&rft.aulast=Tewari&rft.aufirst=Sahil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finstrurentals.in%2Fdivine-intervene-lord-shiva-and-his-damru%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamaru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/500782">"Damaru | Tibetan"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Damaru+%26%23124%3B+Tibetan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Fart%2Fcollection%2Fsearch%2F500782&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamaru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090110132841/http://www.usd.edu/smm//Tibet/1383/Damaru.html">"Skull drum (Damaru) on Exhibit at the National Music Museum"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usd.edu/smm/Tibet/1383/Damaru.html">the original</a> on 2009-01-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Skull+drum+%28Damaru%29+on+Exhibit+at+the+National+Music+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usd.edu%2Fsmm%2FTibet%2F1383%2FDamaru.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamaru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSharma1981" class="citation book cs1">Sharma, Savita (1981). "Damaru-shaped Coins from Kausambi". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6E0aAAAAIAAJ"><i>Numismatic Digest</i></a>. Vol. 5. Numismatic Society of Bombay. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>3. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/150424986">150424986</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Damaru-shaped+Coins+from+Kausambi&rft.btitle=Numismatic+Digest&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E3&rft.pub=Numismatic+Society+of+Bombay.&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F150424986&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=Savita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6E0aAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamaru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damaru&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBeck2012" class="citation book cs1">Beck, G. L. (2012). <i>Sonic Liturgy: Ritual and Music in Hindu Tradition</i>. University of South Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1611171082" title="Special:BookSources/978-1611171082"><bdi>978-1611171082</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sonic+Liturgy%3A+Ritual+and+Music+in+Hindu+Tradition&rft.pub=University+of+South+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1611171082&rft.aulast=Beck&rft.aufirst=G.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamaru" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBlades1992" class="citation book cs1">Blades, J. (1992). <i>Percussion Instruments and Their History</i>. Bold Strummer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0933224612" title="Special:BookSources/978-0933224612"><bdi>978-0933224612</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Percussion+Instruments+and+Their+History&rft.pub=Bold+Strummer&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0933224612&rft.aulast=Blades&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamaru" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCrossley-Holland1976" class="citation journal cs1">Crossley-Holland, P. (1976). "The Ritual Music of Tibet". <i>The Tibet Journal</i>. <b>1</b> (<span class="nowrap">3–</span>4): <span class="nowrap">45–</span>54. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43299823">43299823</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Tibet+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Ritual+Music+of+Tibet&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E45-%3C%2Fspan%3E54&rft.date=1976&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43299823%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Crossley-Holland&rft.aufirst=P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamaru" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCupchik2024" class="citation book cs1">Cupchik, J. W. (2024). <i>The Sound of Vultures' Wings: The Tibetan Buddhist Chod Ritual Practice of the Female Buddha Machik Labdron</i>. State University of New York Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1438464435" title="Special:BookSources/978-1438464435"><bdi>978-1438464435</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sound+of+Vultures%27+Wings%3A+The+Tibetan+Buddhist+Chod+Ritual+Practice+of+the+Female+Buddha+Machik+Labdron&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=978-1438464435&rft.aulast=Cupchik&rft.aufirst=J.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamaru" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFrawley2015" class="citation book cs1">Frawley, D. (2015). <i>Shiva: The Lord of Yoga</i>. Lotus Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0940676299" title="Special:BookSources/978-0940676299"><bdi>978-0940676299</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shiva%3A+The+Lord+of+Yoga&rft.pub=Lotus+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0940676299&rft.aulast=Frawley&rft.aufirst=D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamaru" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFScheidegger1988" class="citation book cs1">Scheidegger, D. A. (1988). <i>Tibetan Ritual Music: A General Survey with Special Reference to the Mindroling Tradition</i>. Tibet-Institut. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3720600163" title="Special:BookSources/978-3720600163"><bdi>978-3720600163</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tibetan+Ritual+Music%3A+A+General+Survey+with+Special+Reference+to+the+Mindroling+Tradition&rft.pub=Tibet-Institut&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-3720600163&rft.aulast=Scheidegger&rft.aufirst=D.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamaru" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWade1979" class="citation book cs1">Wade, B. C. (1979). <i>Music in India: The Classical Traditions</i>. Prentice-Hall. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0136070283" title="Special:BookSources/978-0136070283"><bdi>978-0136070283</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Music+in+India%3A+The+Classical+Traditions&rft.pub=Prentice-Hall&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0136070283&rft.aulast=Wade&rft.aufirst=B.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamaru" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damaru&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indian_musical_instruments314" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_musical_instruments" title="Template:Indian musical instruments"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indian_musical_instruments" title="Template talk:Indian musical instruments"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indian_musical_instruments" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indian musical instruments"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indian_musical_instruments314" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_musical_instruments" title="List of Indian musical instruments">Indian musical instruments</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wind_instrument" title="Wind instrument">Wind</a> (sushir)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bansuri" title="Bansuri">Bansuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pump_organ#In_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Pump organ">Harmonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnay" title="Karnay">Karnay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kombu_(instrument)" title="Kombu (instrument)">Kombu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuzhal" title="Kuzhal">Kuzhal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadaswaram" title="Nadaswaram">Nadaswaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafir" title="Nafir">Nafir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pungi" title="Pungi">Pungi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankha" title="Shankha">Shankha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shehnai" title="Shehnai">Shehnai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shruti_box" title="Shruti box">Shruti box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sringa" title="Sringa">Sringa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tharai" title="Tharai">Tharai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venu" title="Venu">Venu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plucked_string_instrument" title="Plucked string instrument">Plucked stringed</a> (tat)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dotara" title="Dotara">Dotara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ektara" title="Ektara">Ektara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottuvadhyam" class="mw-redirect" title="Gottuvadhyam">Gottuvadhyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pena_(musical_instrument)" title="Pena (musical instrument)">Pena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudra_veena" title="Rudra veena">Rudra veena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santoor" title="Santoor">Santoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraswati_veena" title="Saraswati veena">Saraswati veena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarod" title="Sarod">Sarod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seni_rebab" title="Seni rebab">Seni Rebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitar" title="Sitar">Sitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surbahar" title="Surbahar">Surbahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swarabat" title="Swarabat">Swarabat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swarmandal" title="Swarmandal">Swarmandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanpura" title="Tanpura">Tanpura</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_tanpura" title="Electronic tanpura">Electronic tanpura</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veena" title="Veena">Veena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichitra_veena" title="Vichitra veena">Vichitra veena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazh" title="Yazh">Yazh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bowed_string_instrument" title="Bowed string instrument">Bowed stringed</a> (vitat)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esraj" title="Esraj">Dilruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esraj" title="Esraj">Esraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarangi" title="Sarangi">Sarangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarinda_(instrument)" title="Sarinda (instrument)">Sarinda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taus_(instrument)" title="Taus (instrument)">Taus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violin" title="Violin">Violin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Membranophone" title="Membranophone">Membranous percussion</a> (avanaddh)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anandalahari" title="Anandalahari">Anandalahari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chande" title="Chande">Chande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenda" title="Chenda">Chenda</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Damaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhak_(instrument)" title="Dhak (instrument)">Dhaak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duggi_(drum)" title="Duggi (drum)">Duggi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhol" title="Dhol">Dhol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dholak" title="Dholak">Dholak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dholki" class="mw-redirect" title="Dholki">Dholki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idakka" title="Idakka">Edakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanjira" title="Kanjira">Kanjira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamak" title="Khamak">Khamak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khol" title="Khol">Khol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madal" title="Madal">Madal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardala" title="Mardala">Mardala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizhavu" title="Mizhavu">Mizhav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mridangam" title="Mridangam">Mridangam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naqareh" title="Naqareh">Nagada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakhavaj" title="Pakhavaj">Pakhawaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parai" title="Parai">Parai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambal_(drum)" title="Sambal (drum)">Sambal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabla" title="Tabla">Tabla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jori_(instrument)" title="Jori (instrument)">Jori (instrument)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thavil" title="Thavil">Tavil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udukai" title="Udukai">Udukai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-membranous percussion (ghan)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chimta" title="Chimta">Chimta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghatam" title="Ghatam">Ghatam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghungroo" title="Ghungroo">Ghungroo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jal_tarang" title="Jal tarang">Jal tarang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taal_(instrument)" title="Taal (instrument)">Kartal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanjani" title="Khanjani">Khanjani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khartal" title="Khartal">Khartal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taal_(instrument)" title="Taal (instrument)">Manjira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morsing" title="Morsing">Morsing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Sangeet_Vadya" title="Bharatiya Sangeet Vadya">Bharatiya Sangeet Vadya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_classical_music" title="Indian classical music">Indian classical music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_India" title="Music of India">Music of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jivari" title="Jivari">Jivari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical/possibly extinct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80l%C4%81pi%E1%B9%87%C4%AB_v%C4%AB%E1%B9%87%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Ālāpiṇī vīṇā">Ālāpiṇī vīṇā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eka-tantri_vina" class="mw-redirect" title="Eka-tantri vina">Eka-tantri vina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinnari_vina" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinnari vina">Kinnari vina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinaka_vina" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinaka vina">Pinaka vina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Musical_instruments_of_Nepal109" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Musical_instruments_of_Nepal" title="Template:Musical instruments of Nepal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Musical_instruments_of_Nepal" title="Template talk:Musical instruments of Nepal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Musical_instruments_of_Nepal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Musical instruments of Nepal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Musical_instruments_of_Nepal109" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nepali_musical_instruments" title="List of Nepali musical instruments">Musical instruments of Nepal</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">String</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Plucked</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arbajo" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbajo">Arbajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ektara" title="Ektara">Ektara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungna" title="Tungna">Tungna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Bowed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dakkari" title="Dakkari">Dakkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piwancha" title="Piwancha">Piwancha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarangi_(Nepal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarangi (Nepal)">Sarangi (Nepal)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wind</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Flutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bansuri" title="Bansuri">Bansuri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Oboes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shehnai" title="Shehnai">Shehnai</a></li> <li>Pung (<a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%99_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%99" class="extiw" title="ne:पुङ सिङ">पुङ सिङ</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Pan_pipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan pipe">Pan pipes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Chongwari <a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" class="extiw" title="ne:चोङ्वारी">चोङ्वारी</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Trumpet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kangling" title="Kangling">Kangling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnal_(instrument)" title="Karnal (instrument)">Karnal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ransingha" title="Ransingha">Ransingha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankha#Uses" title="Shankha">Shanka</a> conch shell</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sringa" title="Sringa">Sringa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Bagpipe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mashak" title="Mashak">Mashak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Percussion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Drums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chyabrung" title="Chyabrung">Chyabrung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damaha" title="Damaha">Damaha</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Damaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damphu_drum" title="Damphu drum">Damphu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhaa" title="Dhaa">Dhaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhimay" title="Dhimay">Dhimay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dholak" title="Dholak">Dholak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhy%C4%81ngro" title="Dhyāngro">Dhyāngro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanjari" title="Khanjari">Khanjari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khin" title="Khin">Khin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madal" title="Madal">Madal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naqareh" title="Naqareh">Naqareh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabla" title="Tabla">Tabla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyampko" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyampko">Tyampko</a> (<a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B" class="extiw" title="ne:ट्याम्को">ट्याम्को</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Cymbals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chimta" title="Chimta">Chimtaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhyali" title="Jhyali">Jhyali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhyamta" title="Jhyamta">Jhyamta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Tube zither drum/gong</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yalamber_Baja" title="Yalamber Baja">Yalamber Baja</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Bell" title="Bell">Bells</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghanta" title="Ghanta">Ghanta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binayo" title="Binayo">Binayo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jaw_harp" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaw harp">jaw harp</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jew%27s_harp#Murchunga" title="Jew's harp">Murchunga</a> (jaw harp)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slek" class="mw-redirect" title="Slek">Pipirma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urni" title="Urni">Urni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extinct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piwancha" title="Piwancha">Piwancha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ensembles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panche_baja" title="Panche baja">Panche baja</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Damaru&oldid=1279698907">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Damaru&oldid=1279698907</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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