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searchaux" style="display:none">Defunct Black-owned newspaper in Portland, Oregon, USA</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250428316">.mw-parser-output .ib-newspaper .infobox-title{font-size:125%;font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .ib-newspaper .logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}</style><table class="infobox vcard ib-newspaper"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">The Advocate</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TheAdvocateNewspaper1924.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/TheAdvocateNewspaper1924.jpg/200px-TheAdvocateNewspaper1924.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/TheAdvocateNewspaper1924.jpg/300px-TheAdvocateNewspaper1924.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/TheAdvocateNewspaper1924.jpg/400px-TheAdvocateNewspaper1924.jpg 2x" data-file-width="631" data-file-height="817" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The Advocate newspaper article, 1924</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Weekly_newspaper" title="Weekly newspaper">Weekly newspaper</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1903</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Ceased publication</span></th><td class="infobox-data">1933</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a>, U.S.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>The Advocate</b></i> was a four-page weekly newspaper in <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-LibOfCong_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LibOfCong-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> established as a news source for Portland's African American community.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was founded in 1903 and was covered as an active entity in other Portland press until at least 1936. <i>The Advocate</i> was known as Portland's second oldest black newspaper.<sup id="cite_ref-OHS_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OHS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1933 when the paper ceased publication it was the only remaining black-owned newspaper.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In its early days, it was known as the <i>Mt. Scott Herald</i> (published in <a href="/wiki/Lents,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Lents, Portland, Oregon">Lents</a> from 1913 to 1924) and possibly as the <i>Beaver State Herald</i> (published in <a href="/wiki/Gresham,_Oregon" title="Gresham, Oregon">Gresham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montavilla,_Oregon" class="mw-redirect" title="Montavilla, Oregon">Montavilla</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The Advocate</i> covered a variety of topics for both the white and black communities in Portland. <i>The Advocate</i> covered segregation, lynching, employment opportunities and other issues at the beginning.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microfilm of the paper is available through 1933.<sup id="cite_ref-OHSbeatrice_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OHSbeatrice-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Founders">Founders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Advocate_(Portland,_Oregon)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Founders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>The Advocate</i> arose in connection with an effort to launch a black newspaper, headed by C. B. F. Moore, pastor of Zion A.M.E. church in Portland. The newspaper described its purpose in its first issue: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>With this issue <i>The Advocate</i> makes its initial bow to the Portland public as an independent, non-partisan, non-sectarian weekly newspaper for the intelligent discussion and authentic diffusion of matter appertaining to the colored people, especially of Portland and the State of Oregon.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The founders consisted of <a href="/wiki/James_A._Merriman" title="James A. Merriman">J. A. Merriman</a>, J. C. Logan, Rutherford, E. D. Cannady, Bob Perry, Howard Sproules, C. F. B. Moore, Edward Hunt, <a href="/wiki/McCants_Stewart" title="McCants Stewart">McCants Stewart</a>, W. H. Bolds, and A. Ballard,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> most of whom worked for <a href="/wiki/Portland_Hotel" title="Portland Hotel">The Hotel Portland</a> at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Edward Rutherford claimed in a lawsuit to have loaned $10 to Moore in 1903, and that the money was never repaid. The 1906 lawsuit revealed several details of the inception of the <i>Advocate</i>. Cannady, who was at that time head waiter at the Hotel Portland, also invested $10, along with several others, in that early effort. By May 1904, Moore had renounced his editorial role, and in that month the staff of the paper reorganized; Cannady became managing editor at that time. That lawsuit ultimately absolved Cannady of any obligation to repay the debt.<sup id="cite_ref-OJ06_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OJ06-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of the founders dropped out of the newspaper project after the first couple of months due to demanding work load and already working multiple jobs.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a few years, E. D. Cannady was running the newspaper alone and regardless of working many hours at the hotel he made sure <i>The Advocate</i> came out every Friday.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cannady and Sproull were sued for libel in 1907 by John Logan, who had served as a witness in the Rutherford case,<sup id="cite_ref-OJ06_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OJ06-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Cannady was the subject of separate libel accusations the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1919, Merriman, then serving as editor of the competing <i>Times</i>, published an attack on Beatrice Cannady; <i>The Advocate</i> filed a civil suit, resulting in a "handsome" retraction by the <i>Times</i> and dismissal of the suit.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beatrice_Morrow_Cannady">Beatrice Morrow Cannady</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Advocate_(Portland,_Oregon)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Beatrice Morrow Cannady"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Morrow" class="mw-redirect" title="Beatrice Morrow">Beatrice Morrow</a>, Oregon's most prominent civil rights activist in the 20th century, moved to Portland and married <i>The Advocate</i> editor Edward Cannady in 1912.<sup id="cite_ref-Companion_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Companion-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She became the assistant editor of <i>The Advocate,</i> a role she held for twenty-four years<i>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-:3_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1930, after their divorce, Beatrice became the editor and owner of the newspaper.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, Portland had an <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a> population of barely 1,000, and Beatrice Morrow Cannady quickly became involved in <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">civil rights</a> issues, including protesting the showing of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Birth_of_a_Nation" title="The Birth of a Nation">The Birth of a Nation</a>,</i> a commercially successful silent film that portrayed the KKK as heroes.<sup id="cite_ref-Companion_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Companion-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through writing for <i>The Advocate</i> she was able to confront many racial issues that hotels, restaurants and movie theaters had.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She routinely kept her readers up to date on Ku Klux Klan activity nearby in Portland and throughout the state. One of her biggest accomplishments was the challenging of excluding African American in many Pacific Northwest towns. The two main towns she focused on were Vernonia, Oregon, and Longview, Washington.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along with continuing to work on <i>The Advocate</i> and giving hundreds of talks and presentations, Cannady became the first African American to graduate from <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_College_of_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwestern College of Law">Northwestern College of Law</a> in 1922, and she worked to remove racist language from the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Oregon Constitution">Oregon Constitution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Companion_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Companion-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was finally successful in 1927.<sup id="cite_ref-Companion_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Companion-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She continued her work in Oregon through the 1930s, when she moved to California.<sup id="cite_ref-Companion_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Companion-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cynthia Cannady, Beatrice's granddaughter, remembers her grandmother as a woman of many talents and a strong political conscience.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>She was a tireless civil rights leader at a time when the Klan was active in Oregon and exclusion laws prohibited African-Americans from even residing in the state. She was a feminist at a time when women's suffrage was new and sexism was the norm. She was a believer in the equality of cultures and religions at a time when cultural arrogance and religious zealotry were common.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="About">About</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Advocate_(Portland,_Oregon)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: About"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Birth_of_a_Nation_-_Academy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Birth_of_a_Nation_-_Academy.jpg/220px-Birth_of_a_Nation_-_Academy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="340" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Birth_of_a_Nation_-_Academy.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="291" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>The Birth of a Nation, a racist movie Beatrice Morrow helped protest against.</figcaption></figure> <p>Portland's African American community cited <i>The Advocate</i> as the city's most influential newspaper. <i>The Advocate</i> is known for creating conversation around interracial relations in Oregon and the rest of the country in the early 1900s. Printed weekly, the news paper featured birth and death announcements, hotel and society news, and general good news about the African American race.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Articles and editorials about segregation, lynching, employment opportunities and other issues kept the realities of <a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a> and the pressing need for civil rights on the local, state, and national agenda.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the 22nd birthday of the newspaper, E. D. Cannady awarded "the lion's share of credit" to Beatrice for "her intrepid courage, faith in the loyalty of the people she serves and her self-confidence."<sup id="cite_ref-:4_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1936, <i>The Advocate</i> worked with the <a href="/wiki/Portland_Art_Museum" title="Portland Art Museum">Portland Art Museum</a> to exhibit the New York–based <a href="/wiki/Harmon_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmon Foundation">Harmon Foundation</a>'s collection of paintings, watercolors, and sculptures by black artists.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Original_issues">Original issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Advocate_(Portland,_Oregon)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Original issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In February 2019, original issues of <i>The Advocate</i>, among other newspapers, were anonymously donated to the <a href="/wiki/Knight_Library" title="Knight Library">University of Oregon Library</a>. Issues of <i>The Advocate</i> dating from October 1924 to December 1933 are now available in the library's Historic Oregon Newspaper online resource.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The online resource as well as the contributions from the donor allows the legacy of African American journalism in Oregon be more accessible than it has been before. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_newspapers_with_the_same_name">Other newspapers with the same name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Advocate_(Portland,_Oregon)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Other newspapers with the same name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 1981, the Portland Black United Front started a monthly newspaper called <i>The Portland Advocate</i>. Its inaugural issue contained a map showing killings of black people in Portland. It ran through at least November 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1870s, there was a paper called the <i>Portland <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Christian_Advocate" title="Pacific Christian Advocate">Pacific Christian Advocate</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Advocate_(Portland,_Oregon)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portland_New_Age" title="Portland New Age">Portland New Age</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Advocate_(Portland,_Oregon)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-LibOfCong-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LibOfCong_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn98062568/">"About The advocate. (Portland, Or.)"</a> – via chroniclingamerica.loc.gov.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+The+advocate.+%28Portland%2C+Or.%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn98062568%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Advocate+%28Portland%2C+Oregon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oregonnews.uoregon.edu/lccn/sn98062568/1933-12-02/ed-1/seq-1/">"The Advocate. (Portland, Or.) 19??-19??, December 02, 1933, Image 1"</a>. December 2, 1933 – via University of Oregon, Knight Library.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Advocate.+%28Portland%2C+Or.%29+19%3F%3F-19%3F%3F%2C+December+02%2C+1933%2C+Image+1&rft.date=1933-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foregonnews.uoregon.edu%2Flccn%2Fsn98062568%2F1933-12-02%2Fed-1%2Fseq-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Advocate+%28Portland%2C+Oregon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/advocate/">"Advocate | Historic Black Newspapers of Portland | Portland State University"</a>. <i>pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu&rft.atitle=Advocate+%26%23124%3B+Historic+Black+Newspapers+of+Portland+%26%23124%3B+Portland+State+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpdxscholar.library.pdx.edu%2Fadvocate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Advocate+%28Portland%2C+Oregon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OHS-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OHS_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Albert S. Broussard, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20614176">McCants Stewart: The Struggles of a Black Attorney in the Urban West</a>", <i>Oregon Historical Quarterly</i> 89 (1988), 157-79; requires access to <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>, which is available either by subscription or via free access through a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://about.jstor.org/participate-jstor/participants">number of academic institutions</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230411213354/https://sos.oregon.gov/archives/exhibits/black-history/Documents/flowers-portland-history.pdf">"The History of Portland's African American History (1805 to the Present)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>sos.oregon.gov</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sos.oregon.gov/archives/exhibits/black-history/Documents/flowers-portland-history.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on April 11, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sos.oregon.gov&rft.atitle=The+History+of+Portland%27s+African+American+History+%281805+to+the+Present%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsos.oregon.gov%2Farchives%2Fexhibits%2Fblack-history%2FDocuments%2Fflowers-portland-history.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Advocate+%28Portland%2C+Oregon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110611122832/http://www.lib.washington.edu/mcnews/afroamerican_primarysources/newspapers.html">"African American Newspapers Published in the Pacific Northwest"</a>. <i>University of Washington Libraries</i>. June 11, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.washington.edu/mcnews/afroamerican_primarysources/newspapers.html">the original</a> on June 11, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Washington+Libraries&rft.atitle=African+American+Newspapers+Published+in+the+Pacific+Northwest&rft.date=2011-06-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lib.washington.edu%2Fmcnews%2Fafroamerican_primarysources%2Fnewspapers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Advocate+%28Portland%2C+Oregon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMangun2007" class="citation web cs1">Mangun, Kimberley (January 22, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/portland-oregon-advocate-1903-1936/">"The Advocate, Portland, Oregon (1903–1936)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Advocate%2C+Portland%2C+Oregon+%281903%E2%80%931936%29&rft.date=2007-01-22&rft.aulast=Mangun&rft.aufirst=Kimberley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackpast.org%2Fafrican-american-history%2Fportland-oregon-advocate-1903-1936%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Advocate+%28Portland%2C+Oregon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OHSbeatrice-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OHSbeatrice_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMangun2006" class="citation journal cs1">Mangun, Kimberley (Fall 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091029151501/http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/ohq/107.3/mangun.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"As Citizens of Portland We Must Protest": Beatrice Morrow Cannady and the African American Response to D. W. Griffith's "Masterpiece"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Historical_Quarterly" title="Oregon Historical Quarterly">Oregon Historical Quarterly</a></i>. <b>107</b> (3): 382–409. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fohq.2006.0013">10.1353/ohq.2006.0013</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159457134">159457134</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/ohq/107.3/mangun.html">the original</a> on October 29, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oregon+Historical+Quarterly&rft.atitle=%22As+Citizens+of+Portland+We+Must+Protest%22%3A+Beatrice+Morrow+Cannady+and+the+African+American+Response+to+D.+W.+Griffith%27s+%22Masterpiece%22&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=382-409&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fohq.2006.0013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159457134%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Mangun&rft.aufirst=Kimberley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historycooperative.org%2Fjournals%2Fohq%2F107.3%2Fmangun.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Advocate+%28Portland%2C+Oregon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OJ06-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OJ06_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OJ06_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Cannady Wins Case". <i>Oregon Journal</i>. September 25, 1906.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oregon+Journal&rft.atitle=Cannady+Wins+Case&rft.date=1906-09-25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Advocate+%28Portland%2C+Oregon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChandler2013" class="citation book cs1">Chandler, J. D. (November 12, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oz2ACQAAQBAJ&q=portland+oregon+the+advocate+newspaper&pg=PT81"><i>Hidden History of Portland, Oregon</i></a>. Arcadia Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62584-667-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62584-667-9"><bdi>978-1-62584-667-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hidden+History+of+Portland%2C+Oregon&rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&rft.date=2013-11-12&rft.isbn=978-1-62584-667-9&rft.aulast=Chandler&rft.aufirst=J.+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Doz2ACQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dportland%2Boregon%2Bthe%2Badvocate%2Bnewspaper%26pg%3DPT81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Advocate+%28Portland%2C+Oregon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Colored People Appear in Court". <i>Oregon Journal</i>. May 7, 1907.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oregon+Journal&rft.atitle=Colored+People+Appear+in+Court&rft.date=1907-05-07&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Advocate+%28Portland%2C+Oregon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Threatens to Sue". <i>Oregon Journal</i>. February 29, 1908.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oregon+Journal&rft.atitle=Threatens+to+Sue&rft.date=1908-02-29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Advocate+%28Portland%2C+Oregon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oregonnews.uoregon.edu/lccn/sn83025138/1919-10-09/ed-1/seq-9/">"Negroes Turn to Court"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oregonian" title="The Oregonian">The Morning Oregonian</a></i>. October 9, 1919. p. 9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Morning+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Negroes+Turn+to+Court&rft.pages=9&rft.date=1919-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foregonnews.uoregon.edu%2Flccn%2Fsn83025138%2F1919-10-09%2Fed-1%2Fseq-9%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Advocate+%28Portland%2C+Oregon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_editor-publisher_1919-10-30_52_22/page/20/mode/2up">"The Editor and Publisher 1919-10-30: Vol 52 Iss 22"</a>. Duncan McIntosh. October 30, 1919.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Editor+and+Publisher+1919-10-30%3A+Vol+52+Iss+22&rft.pub=Duncan+McIntosh&rft.date=1919-10-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_editor-publisher_1919-10-30_52_22%2Fpage%2F20%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Advocate+%28Portland%2C+Oregon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_editor-publisher_1920-01-29_52_35/page/76/mode/2up">"Negro Editors Sign Armistice"</a>. <i>The Editor and Publisher</i>. January 29, 1920.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Editor+and+Publisher&rft.atitle=Negro+Editors+Sign+Armistice&rft.date=1920-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_editor-publisher_1920-01-29_52_35%2Fpage%2F76%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Advocate+%28Portland%2C+Oregon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Companion-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Companion_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Companion_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Companion_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Companion_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Companion_16-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEngeman2009" class="citation book cs1">Engeman, Richard H. (2009). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oregoncompanionh0000enge"><i>The Oregon Companion: An Historical Gazetteer of The Useful, The Curious, and The Arcane</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>: <a href="/wiki/Timber_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Timber Press">Timber Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oregoncompanionh0000enge/page/66">66</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88192-899-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88192-899-0"><bdi>978-0-88192-899-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oregon+Companion%3A+An+Historical+Gazetteer+of+The+Useful%2C+The+Curious%2C+and+The+Arcane&rft.place=Portland%2C+Oregon&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=Timber+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-88192-899-0&rft.aulast=Engeman&rft.aufirst=Richard+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foregoncompanionh0000enge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Advocate+%28Portland%2C+Oregon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/cannady_beatrice_morrow/#.XlyDPC2ZMWo">"Beatrice Morrow Cannady (1889 - 1974)"</a>. <i>oregonencyclopedia.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oregonencyclopedia.org&rft.atitle=Beatrice+Morrow+Cannady+%281889+-+1974%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foregonencyclopedia.org%2Farticles%2Fcannady_beatrice_morrow%2F%23.XlyDPC2ZMWo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Advocate+%28Portland%2C+Oregon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://around.uoregon.edu/content/new-collection-helps-preserve-legacy-civil-rights-trailblazer">"New collection helps preserve the legacy of a civil rights trailblazer"</a>. <i>Around the O</i>. March 27, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Around+the+O&rft.atitle=New+collection+helps+preserve+the+legacy+of+a+civil+rights+trailblazer&rft.date=2019-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faround.uoregon.edu%2Fcontent%2Fnew-collection-helps-preserve-legacy-civil-rights-trailblazer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Advocate+%28Portland%2C+Oregon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2018" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Quintard_Taylor" title="Quintard Taylor">Taylor, Quintard</a> (March 17, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/cannady_beatrice_morrow/#.XlrGuy2ZPR0">"Beatrice Morrow Cannady (1889–1974)"</a>. <i>The Oregon Encyclopedia</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oregon+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Beatrice+Morrow+Cannady+%281889%E2%80%931974%29&rft.date=2018-03-17&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Quintard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foregonencyclopedia.org%2Farticles%2Fcannady_beatrice_morrow%2F%23.XlrGuy2ZPR0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Advocate+%28Portland%2C+Oregon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Exhibit of Negro Art at Museum". <i>Oregon Journal</i>. May 17, 1936.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oregon+Journal&rft.atitle=Exhibit+of+Negro+Art+at+Museum&rft.date=1936-05-17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Advocate+%28Portland%2C+Oregon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"The Negro in Art". <i>Oregon Journal</i>. June 9, 1936.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oregon+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Negro+in+Art&rft.date=1936-06-09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Advocate+%28Portland%2C+Oregon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Portland Advocate-May 1981" (1981). Portland Advocate. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/portlandadvocate/1">https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/portlandadvocate/1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVictor" class="citation book cs1">Victor, Frances Fuller. <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="wikisource:en:History of Oregon (Bancroft)/Volume 1/Chapter 2#cite note-p92-33"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/en:History_of_Oregon_(Bancroft)/Volume_1/Chapter_2#cite_note-p92-33">"2" </a></span>. In Hubert Howe Bancroft (ed.). <i>History of Oregon</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=2&rft.btitle=History+of+Oregon&rft.aulast=Victor&rft.aufirst=Frances+Fuller&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Advocate+%28Portland%2C+Oregon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Advocate_(Portland,_Oregon)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Johnson, Clifford F. An Analysis of Negro News and Non-News Matters Appearing in Four Oregon Daily Newspapers During the Years 1931, 1936, 1941, 1945 and 1948. M.A. Thesis, University of Oregon, 1949.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/African_American_newspapers" title="African American newspapers">Newspapers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northeast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bay_State_Banner" title="Bay State Banner">Bay State Banner</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Criterion" title="Buffalo Criterion">Buffalo Criterion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Pittsburgh_Courier" title="New Pittsburgh Courier">New Pittsburgh Courier</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Age#The_1974_Reawakening_of_the_Black_weekly" title="The New York Age">The New York Age</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Amsterdam_News" title="New York Amsterdam News">New York Amsterdam News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Time_Press" title="Our Time Press">Our Time Press</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Philadelphia_Tribune" title="The Philadelphia Tribune">The Philadelphia Tribune</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Afro-American" title="The Washington Afro-American">The Washington Afro-American</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Informer" title="The Washington Informer">The Washington Informer</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/African-American_News_and_Issues" title="African-American News and Issues">African-American News and Issues</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Black_Star" title="Atlanta Black Star">Atlanta Black Star</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Daily_World" title="Atlanta Daily World">Atlanta Daily World</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Inquirer" title="Atlanta Inquirer">Atlanta Inquirer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Voice" title="Atlanta Voice">Atlanta Voice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Afro-American" title="Baltimore Afro-American">Baltimore Afro-American</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Times" title="Baltimore Times">Baltimore Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Baptist_Vanguard" title="The Baptist Vanguard">The Baptist Vanguard</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Times" title="Birmingham Times">Birmingham Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Chronicle" title="Black Chronicle">Black Chronicle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Burning_Spear_Newspaper" class="mw-redirect" title="The Burning Spear Newspaper">The Burning Spear Newspaper</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carolina_Peacemaker" title="Carolina Peacemaker">Carolina Peacemaker</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Carolinian_(newspaper)" title="The Carolinian (newspaper)">The Carolinian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Charleston_Chronicle" title="The Charleston Chronicle">The Charleston Chronicle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Charlotte_Post" title="The Charlotte Post">The Charlotte Post</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Recorder" title="The Christian Recorder">The Christian Recorder</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dallas_Weekly" title="The Dallas Weekly">The Dallas Weekly</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Florida_Sentinel_Bulletin" title="Florida Sentinel Bulletin">Florida Sentinel Bulletin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Florida_Star" title="The Florida 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href="/wiki/The_New_Orleans_Tribune" title="The New Orleans Tribune">The New Orleans Tribune</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="Oklahoma Eagle">Oklahoma Eagle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Orlando_Times" title="The Orlando Times">The Orlando Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Free_Press" title="Richmond Free Press">Richmond Free Press</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roanoke_Tribune" title="Roanoke Tribune">Roanoke Tribune</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Savannah_Tribune" title="Savannah Tribune">Savannah Tribune</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Tribune" title="Tennessee Tribune">Tennessee Tribune</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Triangle_Tribune" title="The Triangle Tribune">The Triangle Tribune</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tri-State_Defender" title="Tri-State Defender">Tri-State Defender</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Village_Beat" title="The Village Beat">The Village Beat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Winston-Salem_Chronicle" title="Winston-Salem Chronicle">Winston-Salem Chronicle</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Midwest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Call_(Kansas_City)" title="The Call (Kansas City)"><i>The Call</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Call_and_Post" title="Call and Post">Call and Post</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Chicago_Crusader" title="The Chicago Crusader">The Chicago Crusader</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Chicago_Defender" title="The Chicago Defender">The Chicago Defender</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cincinnati_Herald" title="The Cincinnati Herald">The Cincinnati Herald</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Columbus_Post" title="The Columbus Post">The Columbus Post</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne_Ink_Spot" 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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Informant" title="Arizona Informant">Arizona Informant</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Lens_News" title="Black Lens News">Black Lens News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Facts_(Seattle)" title="The Facts (Seattle)">The Facts</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Sentinel" title="Los Angeles Sentinel">Los Angeles Sentinel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Wave" title="Los Angeles Wave">Los Angeles Wave</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oakland_Post_(California)" title="Oakland Post (California)">Oakland Post</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portland_Observer_(Oregon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portland Observer (Oregon)">Portland Observer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Post" title="Richmond Post">Richmond Post</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sacramento_Observer" title="The Sacramento Observer">The Sacramento Observer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_View" title="San Francisco Bay View">San Francisco Bay View</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seattle_Medium" title="Seattle Medium">Seattle Medium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Skanner" title="The Skanner">The Skanner</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sun-Reporter" title="Sun-Reporter">Sun-Reporter</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Final_Call_(newspaper)" title="The Final Call (newspaper)">The Final Call</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td 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href="/wiki/Chicago_Whip" title="Chicago Whip">Chicago Whip</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Circuit_(newspaper)" title="The Circuit (newspaper)">The Circuit</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_City_Sun" title="The City Sun">The City Sun</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cleveland_Gazette" title="The Cleveland Gazette">The Cleveland Gazette</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Colored_American_(Augusta,_Georgia)" title="The Colored American (Augusta, Georgia)">The Colored American (Augusta, Georgia)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Colored_American_(New_York_City)" title="The Colored American (New York City)">The Colored American (New York City)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Colored_American_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="The Colored American (Washington, D.C.)">The Colored American (Washington, D.C.)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Negro_Times" title="Daily Negro Times">Daily Negro Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dallas_Express" title="Dallas Express">Dallas Express</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Denver_Star" title="The Denver Star">The Denver Star</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Plaindealer" title="Detroit Plaindealer">Detroit Plaindealer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Tribune" title="Detroit Tribune">Detroit Tribune</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Elevator_(newspaper)" title="The Elevator (newspaper)">The Elevator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Equator_(newspaper)" title="The Equator (newspaper)">The Equator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Freedom_(American_newspaper)" title="Freedom (American newspaper)">Freedom</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Freedom%27s_Journal" title="Freedom's Journal">Freedom's Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frost_Illustrated" title="Frost Illustrated">Frost Illustrated</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gary_American" title="Gary American">Gary American</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harambee_(African_American_newspaper)" title="Harambee (African American newspaper)">Harambee</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_Freeman" title="Indianapolis Freeman">Indianapolis Freeman</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_Leader" title="Indianapolis Leader">Indianapolis Leader</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ink_(newspaper)" title="Ink (newspaper)">Ink</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Bystander" title="Iowa Bystander">Iowa Bystander</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Eagle_Eye" title="Jackson Eagle Eye">Jackson Eagle Eye</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Louisianian_(newspaper)" title="Louisianian (newspaper)">Louisianian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Louisville_Leader" title="Louisville Leader">Louisville Leader</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_McDowell_Times" title="The McDowell Times">The McDowell Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Memphis_Free_Speech" title="Memphis Free Speech">Memphis Free Speech</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Memphis_Post" title="Memphis Post">Memphis Post</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Metro_Herald_(Virginia)" title="Metro Herald (Virginia)">Metro Herald (Virginia)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Michigan_Citizen" title="The Michigan Citizen">The Michigan Citizen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mirror_of_the_Times" title="Mirror of the Times">Mirror of the Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mississippi_Enterprise" title="The Mississippi Enterprise">The Mississippi Enterprise</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mojo_(newspaper)" title="Mojo (newspaper)">Mojo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Speaks" title="Muhammad Speaks">Muhammad Speaks</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nashville_Globe" title="Nashville Globe">Nashville Globe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Negro_Star" title="The Negro Star">The Negro Star</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Negro_World" title="Negro World">Negro World</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_National_Era" title="New National Era">New National Era</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_North_Star_(anti-slavery_newspaper)" title="The North Star (anti-slavery newspaper)">The North Star</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Appeal" title="Pacific Appeal">Pacific Appeal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_People%27s_Voice_(newspaper)" title="The People's Voice (newspaper)">The People's Voice</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Philadelphia_Independent_(1931%E2%80%931971)" title="The Philadelphia Independent (1931–1971)"><i>The Philadelphia Independent</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Courier" title="Pittsburgh Courier">Pittsburgh Courier</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portland_New_Age" title="Portland New Age">Portland New Age</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Progressive_Era" title="The Progressive Era">The Progressive Era</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravenswood_Post_(Menlo_Park,_California)" title="Ravenswood Post (Menlo Park, California)"><i>Ravenswood Post</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Reflector_(Virginia_newspaper)" title="The Reflector (Virginia newspaper)">The Reflector</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Planet" title="Richmond Planet">Richmond Planet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rights_of_All" title="The Rights of All">The Rights of All</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Seattle_Republican" title="The Seattle Republican">The Seattle Republican</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Shining_Star_(Anderson)" title="The Shining Star (Anderson)">The Shining Star</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Christian_Advocate" title="Southwestern Christian Advocate">Southwestern Christian Advocate</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Bee" title="Washington Bee">The Washington Bee</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Sun" title="The Washington Sun">The Washington Sun</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Appeal_(newspaper)" title="The Appeal (newspaper)">The Appeal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Winter_Park_Advocate" title="The Winter Park Advocate">The Winter Park Advocate</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Woman%27s_Era" title="The Woman's Era">The Woman's Era</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Omaha_Monitor" title="Omaha Monitor">Omaha Monitor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Western_Post" title="Western Post">Western Post</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Afro-American_Sentinel" title="Afro-American Sentinel">Afro-American Sentinel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Enterprise_(Omaha)" title="Enterprise (Omaha)">The Enterprise</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Omaha_Guide" title="Omaha Guide">Omaha Guide</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magazines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Enterprise" title="Black Enterprise">Black Enterprise</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Issues_Book_Review" title="Black Issues Book Review">Black Issues Book Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/BLK_(magazine)" title="BLK (magazine)">BLK</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clutch_(women%27s_magazine)" title="Clutch (women's magazine)">Clutch</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Colored_American_Magazine" title="The Colored American Magazine">The Colored American Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Crisis" title="The Crisis">The Crisis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ebony_(magazine)" title="Ebony (magazine)">Ebony</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Emerge_(magazine)" title="Emerge (magazine)">Emerge</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Essence_(magazine)" title="Essence (magazine)">Essence</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fader" title="The Fader">The Fader</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fire!!" title="Fire!!">Fire!!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/TheGrio" title="TheGrio">theGrio</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Horizon:_A_Journal_of_the_Color_Line" title="The Horizon: A Journal of the Color Line">The Horizon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jet_(magazine)" title="Jet (magazine)">Jet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/King_(magazine)" title="King (magazine)">King</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Negro_Digest" title="Negro Digest">Negro Digest</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Women_and_Children" title="Our Women and Children">Our Women and Children</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Right_On!_(magazine)" title="Right On! (magazine)">Right On!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Root_(magazine)" title="The Root (magazine)">The Root</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sister_2_Sister" title="Sister 2 Sister">Sister 2 Sister</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Soul_(publication)" title="Soul (publication)">Soul</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tint_(magazine)" title="Tint (magazine)">Tint</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Transition_Magazine" title="Transition Magazine">Transition Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Visions_Metro_Weekly" title="Visions Metro Weekly">Visions Metro Weekly</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/YSB_(magazine)" title="YSB (magazine)">YSB</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Associated_Negro_Press" title="Associated Negro Press">Associated Negro Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Black_Journalists" title="National Association of Black Journalists">National Association of Black Journalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Black_Journalists_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Association of Black Journalists Hall of Fame">National Association of Black Journalists Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Newspaper_Publishers_Association" title="National Newspaper Publishers Association">National Newspaper Publishers Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Corporations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perry_Publishing_and_Broadcasting" title="Perry Publishing and Broadcasting">Perry Publishing and Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Times" title="Real Times">Real Times</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism#Abolitionist_publications" title="Abolitionism">Abolitionist publications</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Anti-Slavery_Bugle" title="The Anti-Slavery Bugle">The Anti-Slavery Bugle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Genius_of_Universal_Emancipation" title="Genius of Universal Emancipation">Genius of Universal Emancipation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Liberator_(newspaper)" title="The Liberator (newspaper)">The Liberator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_National_Era" title="The National Era">The National Era</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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