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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p> <b>Gerhard Thomsen</b> (23 June 1899 – 4 January 1934) was a German mathematician, probably best known for his work in various branches of <a href="/wiki/Geometry" title="Geometry">geometry</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_Thomsen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thomsen was born on 23 June 1899 in <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>. His father, Georg Thomsen, was a physician. Thomsen grew up in Hamburg and attended the <a href="/wiki/Gelehrtenschule_des_Johanneums" class="mw-redirect" title="Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums">Johanneum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_(school)" title="Gymnasium (school)">gymnasium</a>/highschool) from 1908 to 1917. After completing school he served in the army during the last year of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. In 1919 he became of the first students at the newly founded <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hamburg" title="University of Hamburg">University of Hamburg</a> majoring in <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natural_science" title="Natural science">natural science</a>. Aside from a temporary interlude Thomsen studied in Hamburg until 1923. He received a certification to teach at highschools the fall of 1922 and finally his <a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a> in the summer of the following year. After he worked shortly as an assistant at the <a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe_Institute_of_Technology" title="Karlsruhe Institute of Technology">Karlsruhe Institute of Technology</a> before returning to Hamburg in a similar capacity in the spring of 1925. While working on his <a href="/wiki/Habilitation" title="Habilitation">habilitation</a> thesis Thomsen spend one year in Rome on <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Foundation" title="Rockefeller Foundation">Rockefeller grant</a> to study with <a href="/wiki/Levi-Civita" class="mw-redirect" title="Levi-Civita">Levi-Civita</a>. He received his habilitation in Hamburg in 1928 and started a position as a tenured professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Rostock" title="University of Rostock">University of Rostock</a> in the fall of 1929.<sup id="cite_ref-Pinl_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pinl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Smith_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 11 November 1933 Thomsen gave an inflammatory talk entitled "Über die Gefahr der Zurückdrängung der exakten Naturwissenschaften an Schulen und Hochschulen" (<i>On the danger of marginalizing the exact sciences in schools and universities</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that received a large amount of publicity in academic circles. While the talk seemed supportive of some aims of the <a href="/wiki/Nazis" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazis">Nazis</a>, it also directly attacked their suppression of education in the sciences. This caused him to be investigated by the <a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pinl_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pinl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Smith_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thomsen was killed by a train on a railroad track in Rostock on 4 January 1934. It is assumed that his death was a <a href="/wiki/Rail_suicide" title="Rail suicide">suicide</a> possibly triggered by the Gestapo investigation.<sup id="cite_ref-Pinl_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pinl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Smith_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Work">Work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_Thomsen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Hamburg Thomsen assisted <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Blaschke" title="Wilhelm Blaschke">Wilhelm Blaschke</a> (Thomsen's doctoral advisor<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) to apply <a href="/wiki/Felix_Klein" title="Felix Klein">Felix Klein</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Erlangen_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Erlangen Program">Erlangen Program</a> on <a href="/wiki/Differential_geometry" title="Differential geometry">differential geometry</a>. He also edited and organized Blaschke's lectures on differential geometry for publication as a series of three books. Thomsen wrote 22 papers on various topics in geometry and furthermore a few papers on theoretical physics as well. The latter were mostly written in Italian rather than in German. Thomsen also wrote a book on the foundations of elementary geometry.<sup id="cite_ref-Pinl_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pinl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In elementary geometry <a href="/wiki/Thomsen%27s_theorem" title="Thomsen's theorem">Thomsen's theorem</a> is named after him.<sup id="cite_ref-Duden_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duden-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_Thomsen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Pinl-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pinl_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pinl_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pinl_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pinl_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Max Pinl: <i>Kollegen in schwerer Zeit</i>. Jahresbericht DMV, Volume 73, 1972, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/dms/load/img/?PPN=PPN37721857X_0073&DMDID=DMDLOG_0016&LOGID=LOG_0016&PHYSID=PHYS_0212">205–206</a> (German)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">James T. Smith: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B0khWEZmOlwC&pg=PA291"><i>Methods of Geometry</i></a>. Wiley, 2011, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781118031032" title="Special:BookSources/9781118031032">9781118031032</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B0khWEZmOlwC&pg=PA484">291</a> <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/99010306">99-10306</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://smith-at-sfsu.net">James T. Smith, Professor Emeritus, San Francisco State University</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiegmund-Schultze,_Reinhard2007" class="citation web cs1">Siegmund-Schultze, Reinhard (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publimath.univ-irem.fr/numerisation/ACF/ACF08076/ACF08076.pdf">"Nazi Rule and Teaching of Mathematics in the Third Reich, Particularly School Mathematics"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>University of Agder, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Kristiansand, Norway</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Agder%2C+Faculty+of+Engineering+and+Science%2C+Kristiansand%2C+Norway&rft.atitle=Nazi+Rule+and+Teaching+of+Mathematics+in+the+Third+Reich%2C+Particularly+School+Mathematics&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Siegmund-Schultze%2C+Reinhard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublimath.univ-irem.fr%2Fnumerisation%2FACF%2FACF08076%2FACF08076.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerhard+Thomsen" class="Z3988"></span> (See p. 865.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=53103">Gerhard Thomsen</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duden-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Duden_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Satz von Thomsen</i> In: <i>Schülerduden – Mathematik II</i>. Bibliographisches Institut & F.A. 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