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href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/picturedisplay.asp?linkpath=pic%5CK%5CR%5CKremenchuk_Katerynska%20Street%20late%2019th%20century.jpg&page=pages%5CK%5CR%5CKremenchuk.htm&id=6649&pid=8165&tyt=Kremenchuk&key=Kremenchuk%2C+%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BA%3B+Kremen%C4%8Duk"><img class="thumbnail" src="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/pic%5CK%5CR%5CKremenchuk_Katerynska%20Street%20late%2019th%20century.jpg" title="Kremenchuk: Katerynska Street (late 19th century)." alt="Image - Kremenchuk: Katerynska Street (late 19th century)."></a> <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/picturedisplay.asp?linkpath=pic%5CK%5CR%5CKremenchuk%20Holy%20Trinity%20Church.jpg&page=pages%5CK%5CR%5CKremenchuk.htm&id=6649&pid=8164&tyt=Kremenchuk&key=Kremenchuk%2C+%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BA%3B+Kremen%C4%8Duk"><img class="thumbnail" src="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/pic%5CK%5CR%5CKremenchuk%20Holy%20Trinity%20Church.jpg" title="Kremenchuk: Holy Trinity Church." alt="Image - Kremenchuk: Holy Trinity Church."></a> <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/picturedisplay.asp?linkpath=pic%5CK%5CR%5CKremenchuk%20Anton%20Makarenko%20PedagogicalMemorial%20Museum.jpg&page=pages%5CK%5CR%5CKremenchuk.htm&id=6649&pid=8163&tyt=Kremenchuk&key=Kremenchuk%2C+%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BA%3B+Kremen%C4%8Duk"><img class="thumbnail" src="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/pic%5CK%5CR%5CKremenchuk%20Anton%20Makarenko%20PedagogicalMemorial%20Museum.jpg" title="Kremenchuk: Anton Makarenko Pedagogical-Memorial Museum." alt="Image - Kremenchuk: Anton Makarenko Pedagogical-Memorial Museum."></a> <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/picturedisplay.asp?linkpath=pic%5CK%5CR%5CKremenchuk%20Regional%20Studies%20Museum.jpg&page=pages%5CK%5CR%5CKremenchuk.htm&id=6649&pid=8166&tyt=Kremenchuk&key=Kremenchuk%2C+%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BA%3B+Kremen%C4%8Duk"><img class="thumbnail" src="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/pic%5CK%5CR%5CKremenchuk%20Regional%20Studies%20Museum.jpg" title="The Kremenchuk Regional Studies Museum." alt="Image - The Kremenchuk Regional Studies Museum."></a> <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/picturedisplay.asp?linkpath=pic%5CD%5CE%5CDeivska%20Hora%20near%20Kremenchuk%20Poltava%20region.jpg&page=pages%5CK%5CR%5CKremenchuk.htm&id=6649&pid=8189&tyt=Kremenchuk&key=Kremenchuk%2C+%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BA%3B+Kremen%C4%8Duk"><img class="thumbnail" src="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/pic%5CD%5CE%5CDeivska%20Hora%20near%20Kremenchuk%20Poltava%20region.jpg" title="The Deivska Hill near Kremenchuk in the Poltava region." alt="Image - The Deivska Hill near Kremenchuk in the Poltava region."></a>  </div> <div class="bg9 tc marginZero">  <div class="fl"> <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/picturedisplay.asp?linkpath=pic%5CK%5CR%5CKremenchuk%20city%20center.jpg&page=pages%5CK%5CR%5CKremenchuk.htm&id=6649&pid=8161&tyt=Kremenchuk&key=Kremenchuk%2C+%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BA%3B+Kremen%C4%8Duk"><img class="thumbnailWW" src="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/pic%5CK%5CR%5CKremenchuk%20city%20center.jpg" title="Kremenchuk: city center." alt="Image - Kremenchuk: city center."> </a>  </div> <A name="TopPosition"> </A> <a name="main"></a> <P class="padingHistoryLand"><STRONG>Kremenchuk </STRONG>[Кременчук; Kremenčuk]. Map: <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/mapsDisplay.asp?linkpath=IV-14z.jpg&varName=Kremenchuk&varLeft=192&varTop=103&Obl=Poltava">IV-14</a>. City (2019 pop 220,065), raion center, and river port in Poltava oblast, situated on both banks of the <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CK%5CR%5CKremenchukReservoir.htm">Kremenchuk Reservoir</a> on the <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CD%5CN%5CDniproRiver.htm">Dnipro River</a>; until 1796 the settlement on the Right Bank was the separate town of Kriukiv. Kremenchuk was founded in 1571. A Polish <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CC%5CA%5CCastle.htm">castle</a> was built there in 1596. In the <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CH%5CE%5CHetmanstate.htm">Hetman state</a> the town was a <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CC%5CO%5CCossack.htm">Cossack</a> <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CC%5CO%5CCompany.htm">company</a> center in <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CC%5CH%5CChyhyrynregiment.htm">Chyhyryn regiment</a> (1648–61, 1663–7), the capital of a separate Kremenchuk <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CR%5CE%5CRegiment.htm">regiment</a> (1661–3), and a company center in <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CM%5CY%5CMyrhorodregiment.htm">Myrhorod regiment</a> (1667–1765). Under Russian rule it was the capital of <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CN%5CE%5CNewRussiagubernia.htm">New Russia gubernia</a> in 1765–83 and the administrative center of <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CK%5CA%5CKaterynoslav.htm">Katerynoslav</a> <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CV%5CI%5CVicegerency.htm">vicegerency</a> in 1784–9; thereafter it was a <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CC%5CO%5CCounty.htm">county</a> center from 1802 to 1920 in <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CP%5CO%5CPoltavagubernia.htm">Poltava gubernia</a>.</P> <P class="padingHistoryLand">In the second half of the 19th century, Kremenchuk became an important trade and manufacturing center. Consequently its population grew from 24,000 in 1860 to 63,000 in 1897 and 88,400 in 1910. In 1913 it had 95 enterprises, which employed almost half (6,000) of the industrial <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CW%5CO%5CWorkers.htm">workers</a> in <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CP%5CO%5CPoltavagubernia.htm">Poltava gubernia</a>. Under Soviet rule the city was a <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CG%5CU%5CGubernia.htm">gubernia</a> capital in 1920–2, an <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CO%5CK%5COkruha.htm">okruha</a> capital in 1922–30, and a raion center in <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CK%5CH%5CKharkivoblast.htm">Kharkiv oblast</a> in 1932–7. In 1937 it became part of Poltava oblast. </P> <P class="padingHistoryLand">After the <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CR%5CE%5CRevolutionof1917.htm">Revolution of 1917</a> its economy declined, and in 1926 its population was only 58,800 (40.6 percent Ukrainian, 49.2 percent Jewish, and 8.4 percent Russian). Its economy revived during the period of industrialization in the 1930s, and by 1939 its population had grown to 89,700. During the <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CS%5CE%5CSecondWorldWar.htm">Second World War</a> the city was devastated, and much of its <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CJ%5CE%5CJewish.htm">Jewish</a> population perished in the Nazi <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CH%5CO%5CHolocaust.htm">Holocaust</a>. After the war the city was extensively reconstructed, and its population increased to 93,000 in 1959 and 166,000 in 1970.</P> <P class="padingHistoryLand">Today Kremenchuk is an important center of heavy industry, with six truck plants, the Kriukiv Freight-Car Plant, a mineral-enrichment complex, the Kremenchuk Petroleum Refinery, and plants producing petrochemicals, steel, road-building machines, wheels, silicates, and reinforced-concrete sleepers. Food products, clothing, furniture, leather goods, and footwear are also manufactured there. Institutions in the city include Kremenchuk National University, Kremenchuk <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CI%5CN%5CInstitute.htm">Institute</a> of Economy and New Technologies, a branch of the <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CD%5CN%5CDnipropetrovsk.htm">Dnipropetrovsk</a> University of Economy and Law, a <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CR%5CE%5CRegionalstudiesmuseum.htm">regional studies museum</a>, the <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CM%5CA%5CMakarenkoAnton.htm">Anton Makarenko</a> <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CP%5CE%5CPedagogical.htm">Pedagogical</a>-<a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CM%5CE%5CMemorialMuseum.htm">Memorial Museum</a>, and a civil-aviation pilots' school. Most of its <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CA%5CR%5CArchitectural.htm">architectural</a> monuments were destroyed during the <a href="https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CS%5CE%5CSecondWorldWar.htm">Second World War</a>.</P> <P class="padingHistoryLand">BIBLIOGRAPHY<BR>Vyrs’kyi, D. <I>Ukraïnne misto: Kremechuk vid zasnuvannia do 1764 r.</I> (Kyiv 2004)</P> <P class="padingHistoryLand" style="TEXT-ALIGN: right">[This article was updated in 2013.]</P> <BR> <CENTER> <P class="padingHistoryLand"></P> </CENTER> </div> <div class="clear"></div>  <div class="bg9 marginbottom tc">    <div class="dr20 tc marginZero TotalWidth"> <A name="linksaddress"> </A> <BR> <HR class="marginZero"> <H2 class="tc mb b rozmiar50">List of related links from Encyclopedia of Ukraine pointing to <span class="FontDarkBlue b "> Kremenchuk</span> entry: <BR> </H2> <Div> <label for="groovybtn1" class="visuallyhidden">1 Beauplan, Guillaume Le Vasseur de</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn1" name="groovybtn1" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 1 Beauplan, Guillaume Le Vasseur de " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CB%5CE%5CBeauplanGuillaumeLeVasseurde.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn2" class="visuallyhidden">2 Bilodid, Ivan</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn2" name="groovybtn2" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 2 Bilodid, Ivan " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CB%5CI%5CBilodidIvan.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn3" class="visuallyhidden">3 Chernihiv oblast</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn3" name="groovybtn3" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 3 Chernihiv oblast " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CC%5CH%5CChernihivoblast.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn4" class="visuallyhidden">4 Chyhyryn regiment</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn4" name="groovybtn4" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 4 Chyhyryn regiment " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CC%5CH%5CChyhyrynregiment.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn5" class="visuallyhidden">5 Conservatory</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn5" name="groovybtn5" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 5 Conservatory " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CC%5CO%5CConservatory.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn6" class="visuallyhidden">6 Dnipro Rapids</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn6" name="groovybtn6" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 6 Dnipro Rapids " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CD%5CN%5CDniproRapids.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn7" class="visuallyhidden">7 Dnipro River</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn7" name="groovybtn7" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 7 Dnipro River " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CD%5CN%5CDniproRiver.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn8" class="visuallyhidden">8 Dnipro Upland</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn8" name="groovybtn8" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 8 Dnipro Upland " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CD%5CN%5CDniproUpland.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn9" class="visuallyhidden">9 Dnipropetrovsk oblast</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn9" name="groovybtn9" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 9 Dnipropetrovsk oblast " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CD%5CN%5CDnipropetrovskoblast.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn10" class="visuallyhidden">10 Donetsk oblast</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn10" name="groovybtn10" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 10 Donetsk oblast " 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name="groovybtn17" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 17 History of Ukraine " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CH%5CI%5CHistoryofUkraine.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn18" class="visuallyhidden">18 Hospital</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn18" name="groovybtn18" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 18 Hospital " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CH%5CO%5CHospital.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn19" class="visuallyhidden">19 Huba, Ihor</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn19" name="groovybtn19" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 19 Huba, Ihor " ONCLICK="document.location.href='https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CH%5CU%5CHubaIhor.htm'"> <label for="groovybtn20" class="visuallyhidden">20 Jews</label> <INPUT id="groovybtn20" name="groovybtn20" class="groovybutton" TYPE=BUTTON VALUE=" 20 Jews " 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