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<div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Georges Charpak</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 70 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-70" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">70 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83" title="جورج تشارباك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جورج تشارباك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%DA%86%D8%B1%D9%BE%DA%A9" title="جورج چرپک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جورج چرپک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95" title="জর্জ শার্পাক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জর্জ শার্পাক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Жорж Шарпак – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Жорж Шарпак" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Жорж Шарпак – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Жорж Шарпак" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CF%89%CF%81%CE%B6_%CE%A3%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BA" title="Ζωρζ Σαρπάκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζωρζ Σαρπάκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%AC_%DA%86%D8%B1%D9%BE%DA%A9" title="جرج چرپک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جرج چرپک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EB%A5%B4%EC%A3%BC_%EC%83%A4%EB%A5%B4%ED%8C%8C%ED%81%AC" title="조르주 샤르파크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조르주 샤르파크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BA%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AA_%D5%87%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Ժորժ Շարպակ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ժորժ Շարպակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95" title="ज्योर्जेस चर्पाक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ज्योर्जेस चर्पाक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%27%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%96%27_%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%A7" title="ז'ורז' שרפק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ז'ורז' שרפק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Жорж Шарпак – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жорж Шарпак" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgius_Charpak" title="Georgius Charpak – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Georgius Charpak" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDor%C5%BEs_%C5%A0arpaks" title="Žoržs Šarpaks – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Žoržs Šarpaks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Жорж Шарпак – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Жорж Шарпак" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95" title="जॉर्जेस चार्पाक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जॉर्जेस चार्पाक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83" title="جورج تشارباك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جورج تشارباك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%DA%86%D8%B1%D9%BE%DA%A9" title="جورج چرپک – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جورج چرپک" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%95" title="ज्योर्जेस चार्पक – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ज्योर्जेस चार्पक" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AB%E3%83%91%E3%82%AF" title="ジョルジュ・シャルパク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョルジュ・シャルパク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%B3_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%BE%DA%A9" title="جارجس چارپک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جارجس چارپک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA,_%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6" title="Шарпак, Жорж – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шарпак, Жорж" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%86%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%B3_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="جۆرجس چارپاک – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جۆرجس چارپاک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Жорж Шарпак – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Жорж Шарпак" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Жорж Шарпак – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Жорж Шарпак" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Георгій Харпак – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Георгій Харпак" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AC_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%BE%DA%A9" title="جیرج چارپک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جیرج چارپک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Georges Charpak" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E5%A4%8F%E5%B8%95%E5%85%8B" title="乔治·夏帕克 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="乔治·夏帕克" 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Polish-born French physicist</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Georges Charpak</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:CHARPAK_Georges-24x50-2005_cropped.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/CHARPAK_Georges-24x50-2005_cropped.JPG/220px-CHARPAK_Georges-24x50-2005_cropped.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/CHARPAK_Georges-24x50-2005_cropped.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="222" data-file-height="250" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Charpak in 2005</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Jerzy Charpak</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1924-08-01</span>)</span>1 August 1924<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">Dąbrowica, <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Second Polish Republic</a><br />(now <a href="/wiki/Dubrovytsia" title="Dubrovytsia">Dubrovytsia</a>, Ukraine)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">29 September 2010<span style="display:none">(2010-09-29)</span> (aged 86)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data category">France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mines_Paris_%E2%80%93_PSL" title="Mines Paris – PSL">École des Mines</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France">Collège de France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wire_chamber" title="Wire chamber">Multiwire proportional chamber</a><br /><a href="/wiki/MicroMegas_detector" title="MicroMegas detector">MicroMegas detector</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Dominique Vidal</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1953)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3, including <a href="/wiki/Nathalie_Charpak" title="Nathalie Charpak">Nathalie</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Charpak" title="André Charpak">André Charpak</a> (brother)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prix_Jean_Ricard" title="Prix Jean Ricard">Prix Jean Ricard</a> (1973)</li><li><a href="/wiki/High_Energy_and_Particle_Physics_Prize" title="High Energy and Particle Physics Prize">High Energy and Particle Physics Prize</a> (1989)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a> (1992)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">Physics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a><br /><a href="/wiki/ESPCI_Paris" title="ESPCI Paris">ESPCI Paris</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Academic advisors</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">Frédéric Joliot-Curie</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Georges Charpak</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ʃaʁpak]</a></span>; born <b>Jerzy Charpak</b>, (1 August 1924 – 29 September 2010) was a Polish-born French <a href="/wiki/Physicist" title="Physicist">physicist</a> who was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a> in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Charpak&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Georges Charpak was born on 1 August 1924<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as Jerzy Charpak to <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> parents, Anna (Szapiro) and Maurice Charpak, in the village of Dąbrowica in <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Poland</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Dubrovytsia" title="Dubrovytsia">Dubrovytsia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>). Charpak's family moved from <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> to <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> when he was seven years old, beginning his study of mathematics in 1941 at the Lycée Saint Louis.<sup id="cite_ref-Scientific_Information_Service_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scientific_Information_Service-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The actor and film director <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Charpak" title="André Charpak">André Charpak</a> was his younger brother. </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> Charpak served in the <a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">resistance</a> and was imprisoned by <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy</a> authorities in 1943. In 1944 he was deported to the <a href="/wiki/Nazis" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazis">Nazi</a> <a href="/wiki/Concentration_camp" title="Concentration camp">concentration camp</a> at <a href="/wiki/Dachau_concentration_camp" title="Dachau concentration camp">Dachau</a>, where he remained until the camp was liberated in 1945. </p><p>After <i><a href="/wiki/Classe_pr%C3%A9paratoire_aux_grandes_%C3%A9coles" title="Classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles">classes préparatoires</a></i> studies at <a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Saint-Louis" title="Lycée Saint-Louis">Lycée Saint-Louis</a> in Paris and later at <a href="/wiki/Citadel_of_Montpellier" title="Citadel of Montpellier">Lycée Joffre</a> in Montpellier,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he joined in 1945 the Paris-based <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_sup%C3%A9rieure_des_mines_de_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris">École des Mines</a>, one of the most prestigious engineering schools in France. The following year he became a naturalized French citizen. He graduated in 1948, earning the French degree of <i>Civil Engineer of Mines</i> (<i>Ingénieur Civil des Mines</i> equivalent to a <a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">Master's degree</a>) becoming a pupil in the laboratory of <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">Frédéric Joliot-Curie</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France">Collège de France</a> during 1949,<sup id="cite_ref-Scientific_Information_Service_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scientific_Information_Service-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the year after Curie had directed construction of the first <i>atomic pile</i> within France.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While at the Collège, Charpak secured a research position<sup id="cite_ref-Scientific_Information_Service_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scientific_Information_Service-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for the <a href="/wiki/Centre_national_de_la_recherche_scientifique" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique">National Centre for Scientific Research</a> (CNRS). He received his PhD in 1954<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_physics" title="Nuclear physics">nuclear physics</a> at the Collège de France, receiving the qualification after having written a thesis on the subject of very-low-energy radiation due to disintegration of nuclei (Charpak & Suzor).<sup id="cite_ref-Scientific_Information_Service_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scientific_Information_Service-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1959, he joined the staff of <a href="/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a> (<a href="/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">European Organization for Nuclear Research</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, where he invented and developed<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Multiwire_proportional_chamber" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiwire proportional chamber">multiwire proportional chamber</a>. The chamber was patented and that quickly superseded the old bubble chambers, allowing for better data processing.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This new creation had been made public during 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Charpak was later to become a joint inventor with Nlolc and Policarpo of the scintillation drift chamber during the latter parts of the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He eventually retired from CERN in 1991. In 1980, Georges Charpak became professor-in-residence at École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles in Paris (<a href="/wiki/ESPCI" class="mw-redirect" title="ESPCI">ESPCI</a>) and held the Joliot-Curie Chair there in 1984. This is where he developed and demonstrated the powerful applications of the particle detectors he invented, most notably for enabling better health diagnostics. He was the co-founder of a number of start-up in the biolab arena, including Molecular Engines Laboratories, Biospace Instruments and SuperSonic Imagine – together with <a href="/wiki/Mathias_Fink" title="Mathias Fink">Mathias Fink</a>. He was elected to the <a href="/wiki/French_Academy_of_Sciences" title="French Academy of Sciences">French Academy of Sciences</a> on 20 May 1985. </p><p>Georges Charpak was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a> in 1992 "for his invention and development of <a href="/wiki/Particle_detector" title="Particle detector">particle detectors</a>, in particular the <a href="/wiki/Multiwire_proportional_chamber" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiwire proportional chamber">multiwire proportional chamber</a>", with affiliations to both École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles (<a href="/wiki/ESPCI" class="mw-redirect" title="ESPCI">ESPCI</a>) and CERN. This was the last time a single person was awarded the Physics prize, as of 2023. In 1999, Charpak received the Golden Plate Award of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Achievement" title="Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In France, Charpak was a very strong <a href="/wiki/Pro-nuclear_movement" title="Pro-nuclear movement">advocate for nuclear power</a>. Charpak was a member of the Board of Sponsors of the <a href="/wiki/Bulletin_of_the_Atomic_Scientists" title="Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists">Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Charpak married Dominique Vidal in 1953. They had three children.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pediatrician <a href="/wiki/Nathalie_Charpak" title="Nathalie Charpak">Nathalie Charpak</a> (born 1955) is his daughter. </p><p>Charpak died on 29 September 2010, in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, at the age of 86. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Charpak&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Charpak&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>La vie à fil tendu</i>, co-authored with Dominique Saudinos (1993 <a href="/wiki/Odile_Jacob" title="Odile Jacob">Odile Jacob</a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-7381-0214-X" title="Special:BookSources/2-7381-0214-X">2-7381-0214-X</a>)</li> <li><i>Devenez sorciers, devenez savants</i>, co-authored with Henri Broch (<a href="/wiki/Odile_Jacob" title="Odile Jacob">Odile Jacob</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-5814-005-9" title="Special:BookSources/90-5814-005-9">90-5814-005-9</a>). Published in English as "Debunked!" by the <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Press" title="Johns Hopkins University Press">Johns Hopkins University Press</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Technical_reports">Technical reports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Charpak&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Technical reports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Charpak, G. & M. Gourdin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4260292-sup-anti-sup-system-lectures-delivered-matscience-institute-madras-india-december-january">"The K<sup>0</sup><span style="text-decoration:overline;">K</span><sup>0</sup> System"</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Organization_for_Nuclear_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="European Organization for Nuclear Research">European Organization for Nuclear Research</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris University">Paris University</a>, (July 11, 1967).</li> <li>Charpak, G. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4142768-evolution-some-particle-detectors-based-discharge-gases">"Evolution of Some Particle Detectors Based On the Discharge in Gases"</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Organization_for_Nuclear_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="European Organization for Nuclear Research">European Organization for Nuclear Research</a>, (November 19, 1969).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharpakSauli1973" class="citation journal cs1">Charpak, G.; Sauli, F. (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cds.cern.ch/record/186229">"High-accuracy, two-dimensional read-out in multiwire proportional chambers"</a>. <i>Nuclear Instruments and Methods</i>. <b>113</b> (3): 381–385. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1973NucIM.113..381C">1973NucIM.113..381C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0029-554X%2873%2990503-X">10.1016/0029-554X(73)90503-X</a>. <a href="/wiki/OSTI_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OSTI (identifier)">OSTI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4364786">4364786</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Instruments+and+Methods&rft.atitle=High-accuracy%2C+two-dimensional+read-out+in+multiwire+proportional+chambers&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=381-385&rft.date=1973&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0029-554X%2873%2990503-X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osti.gov%2Fbiblio%2F4364786%23id-name%3DOSTI&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1973NucIM.113..381C&rft.aulast=Charpak&rft.aufirst=G.&rft.au=Sauli%2C+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcds.cern.ch%2Frecord%2F186229&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Charpak" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Charpak, G.; Jeavons, A.; Sauli, F. & R. Stubbs, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4441064-high-accuracy-measurements-centre-gravity-avalanches-proportional-chambers">"High-Accuracy Measurements of the Centre of Gravity of Avalanches in Proportional Chambers"</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Organization_for_Nuclear_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="European Organization for Nuclear Research">European Organization for Nuclear Research</a>, (September 24, 1973).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrittendenHsiungKaplanHubbard1986" class="citation journal cs1">Crittenden, J.A.; Hsiung, Y.B.; Kaplan, a.D.M.; Hubbard, J.R.; Mangeot, P.; Peisert, A.; Charpak, G.; Sauli, F.; Brown, C.N.; Childress, S.; et al. (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/170577">"Inclusive hadronic production cross sections measured in proton-nucleus collisions at √s = 27. 4 GeV"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Physical_Review_D" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical Review D">Physical Review D</a></i>. <b>34</b> (9): 2584–2600. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1986PhRvD..34.2584C">1986PhRvD..34.2584C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevD.34.2584">10.1103/PhysRevD.34.2584</a>. <a href="/wiki/OSTI_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OSTI (identifier)">OSTI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/7244218">7244218</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9957451">9957451</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+D&rft.atitle=Inclusive+hadronic+production+cross+sections+measured+in+proton-nucleus+collisions+at+%E2%88%9As+%3D+27.+4+GeV&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=2584-2600&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevD.34.2584&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9957451&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osti.gov%2Fbiblio%2F7244218%23id-name%3DOSTI&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1986PhRvD..34.2584C&rft.aulast=Crittenden&rft.aufirst=J.A.&rft.au=Hsiung%2C+Y.B.&rft.au=Kaplan%2C+a.D.M.&rft.au=Hubbard%2C+J.R.&rft.au=Mangeot%2C+P.&rft.au=Peisert%2C+A.&rft.au=Charpak%2C+G.&rft.au=Sauli%2C+F.&rft.au=Brown%2C+C.N.&rft.au=Childress%2C+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcds.cern.ch%2Frecord%2F170577&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Charpak" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Charpak&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Jewish Nobel laureates">List of Jewish Nobel laureates</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Charpak&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthtimes.org/">"Earth Times | News and Information about Environmental Issues"</a>. <i>earthtimes.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=earthtimes.org&rft.atitle=Earth+Times+%7C+News+and+Information+about+Environmental+Issues&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthtimes.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Charpak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiomataris2010" class="citation journal cs1">Giomataris, I. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F4671048a">"Georges Charpak (1924–2010)"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>467</b> (7319): 1048. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010Natur.467.1048G">2010Natur.467.1048G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F4671048a">10.1038/4671048a</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20981084">20981084</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Georges+Charpak+%281924%E2%80%932010%29&rft.volume=467&rft.issue=7319&rft.pages=1048&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20981084&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F4671048a&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2010Natur.467.1048G&rft.aulast=Giomataris&rft.aufirst=I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252F4671048a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Charpak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20150310002943/https://cds.cern.ch/record/1731985?ln=el">"Georges Charpak: Nobel Physics Prize 1992"</a>. <i>CERN Courier</i>. <b>32</b> (10): 1–6. December 1992. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/1731985?ln=el">the original</a> on 2015-03-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CERN+Courier&rft.atitle=Georges+Charpak%3A+Nobel+Physics+Prize+1992&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=1-6&rft.date=1992-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcds.cern.ch%2Frecord%2F1731985%3Fln%3Del&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Charpak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1992/charpak/facts/">"Georges Charpak: Facts"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scientific_Information_Service-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Scientific_Information_Service_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scientific_Information_Service_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scientific_Information_Service_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scientific_Information_Service_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">CERN <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120214055231/http://library.web.cern.ch/library/Archives/isad/isacharpak.html"><i>Scientific Information Service - Archive</i></a>. CERN. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.web.cern.ch/library/Archives/isad/isacharpak.html">the original</a> on 2012-02-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scientific+Information+Service+-+Archive&rft.pub=CERN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.web.cern.ch%2Flibrary%2FArchives%2Fisad%2Fisacharpak.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Charpak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lyceejoffre.net/cpge/blog/2010/10/15/georges-charpak-1924-2010/#more-899">"Tribulations d'un immigré d'Europe centrale, Georges Charpak"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120324223102/http://www.lyceejoffre.net/cpge/blog/2010/10/15/georges-charpak-1924-2010/#more-899">Archived</a> 2012-03-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> on Lycée Joffre website <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharpak1995" class="citation book cs1">Charpak, Georges (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wm9FPYS_JxEC&dq=Georg+Charpak+thesis+very+low+energy+emission&pg=PR7"><i>Research on Particle Imaging Detectors</i></a>. World Scientific. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-02-1902-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-02-1902-4"><bdi>978-981-02-1902-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Research+on+Particle+Imaging+Detectors&rft.pub=World+Scientific&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-981-02-1902-4&rft.aulast=Charpak&rft.aufirst=Georges&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWm9FPYS_JxEC%26dq%3DGeorg%2BCharpak%2Bthesis%2Bvery%2Blow%2Benergy%2Bemission%26pg%3DPR7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Charpak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Frédéric Joliot - Biography". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1935/joliot-fred-bio.html">Nobelprize.org.</a> 29 Jan 2012 + [ <i>atomic pile</i> = <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fi.edu/learn/case-files/fermi/pile.html">fi</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120126061143/http://www.fi.edu/learn/case-files/fermi/pile.html">Archived</a> 2012-01-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> + <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anl.gov/Science_and_Technology/History/Anniversary_Frontiers/10photo.html">anl</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120218065133/http://www.anl.gov/Science_and_Technology/History/Anniversary_Frontiers/10photo.html">Archived</a> 2012-02-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> + <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120711215834/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/pile?region=us">us</a> ]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharpakSuzor1954" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Charpak, G.; Suzor, F. (1954-05-01). "Étude expérimentale des électrons de l'atome résiduel éjectés de leurs orbites lors de la désintégration de <sup>32</sup>P". <i>Journal de Physique et le Radium</i> (in French). <b>15</b> (5): 378–380. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1051%2Fjphysrad%3A01954001505037802">10.1051/jphysrad:01954001505037802</a>. <a href="/wiki/OSTI_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OSTI (identifier)">OSTI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4395224">4395224</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+de+Physique+et+le+Radium&rft.atitle=%C3%89tude+exp%C3%A9rimentale+des+%C3%A9lectrons+de+l%27atome+r%C3%A9siduel+%C3%A9ject%C3%A9s+de+leurs+orbites+lors+de+la+d%C3%A9sint%C3%A9gration+de+%3Csup%3E32%3C%2Fsup%3EP&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=378-380&rft.date=1954-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osti.gov%2Fbiblio%2F4395224%23id-name%3DOSTI&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1051%2Fjphysrad%3A01954001505037802&rft.aulast=Charpak&rft.aufirst=G.&rft.au=Suzor%2C+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Charpak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuzorCharpak1959" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Suzor, F.; Charpak, G. (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/23/61/12/PDF/ajp-jphysrad_1959_20_6_647_0.pdf">"Étude des électrons et des raies X d'autoionisation émis simultanément avec le rayonnement β du prometheum 147"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal de Physique et le Radium</i> (in French). <b>20</b> (6): 647–648. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1051%2Fjphysrad%3A01959002006064700">10.1051/jphysrad:01959002006064700</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+de+Physique+et+le+Radium&rft.atitle=%C3%89tude+des+%C3%A9lectrons+et+des+raies+X+d%27autoionisation+%C3%A9mis+simultan%C3%A9ment+avec+le+rayonnement+%CE%B2+du+prometheum+147&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=647-648&rft.date=1959&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1051%2Fjphysrad%3A01959002006064700&rft.aulast=Suzor&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Charpak%2C+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhal.archives-ouvertes.fr%2Fdocs%2F00%2F23%2F61%2F12%2FPDF%2Fajp-jphysrad_1959_20_6_647_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Charpak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBouclierCharpakDimčovskiFischer1970" class="citation journal cs1">Bouclier, R.; Charpak, G.; Dimčovski, Z.; Fischer, G.; Sauli, F.; Coignet, G.; Flügge, G. (1970). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ETHW&rft.atitle=Milestones%3ACERN+Experimental+Instrumentation%2C+1968&rft.date=2015-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fethw.org%2FMilestones%3ACERN_Experimental_Instrumentation%2C_1968&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Charpak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAprileBolotnikovBolozdynyaDoke2007" class="citation book cs1">Aprile, Elena; Bolotnikov, Aleksey E.; Bolozdynya, Alexander I.; Doke, Tadayoshi (2007-02-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tsnHM8x6cHAC&dq=drift+chamber+Charpak+patent&pg=PA198"><i>Noble Gas Detectors</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-527-60963-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-527-60963-5"><bdi>978-3-527-60963-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Noble+Gas+Detectors&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2007-02-27&rft.isbn=978-3-527-60963-5&rft.aulast=Aprile&rft.aufirst=Elena&rft.au=Bolotnikov%2C+Aleksey+E.&rft.au=Bolozdynya%2C+Alexander+I.&rft.au=Doke%2C+Tadayoshi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtsnHM8x6cHAC%26dq%3Ddrift%2Bchamber%2BCharpak%2Bpatent%26pg%3DPA198&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Charpak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#science-exploration">"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement"</a>. <i>www.achievement.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Achievement" class="mw-redirect" title="American Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.achievement.org&rft.atitle=Golden+Plate+Awardees+of+the+American+Academy+of+Achievement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fachievement.org%2Four-history%2Fgolden-plate-awards%2F%23science-exploration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Charpak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thebulletin.org/about-us/board-of-sponsors/">"Board of Sponsors"</a>. <i>Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Atomic+Scientists&rft.atitle=Board+of+Sponsors&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthebulletin.org%2Fabout-us%2Fboard-of-sponsors%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Charpak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaugh_II2010" class="citation news cs1">Maugh II, Thomas H. (October 8, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-georges-charpak-20101008-story.html">"Georges Charpak dies at 86; French physicist won Nobel Prize"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Georges+Charpak+dies+at+86%3B+French+physicist+won+Nobel+Prize&rft.date=2010-10-08&rft.aulast=Maugh+II&rft.aufirst=Thomas+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Flocal%2Fobituaries%2Fla-me-georges-charpak-20101008-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Charpak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Charpak&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> including the Nobel Lecture, December 8, 1992 <i>Electronic Imaging of Ionizing Radiation with Limited Avalanches in Gases</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobel-winners.com/Physics/georges_charpak.html">Georges Charpak</a> on nobel-winners.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120225075506/http://www.patentgenius.com/inventor/CharpakGeorges.html">Georges Charpak U.S. Patents</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inspirehep.net/author/profile/G.Charpak.1">Georges Charpak</a> on <a href="/wiki/INSPIRE-HEP" title="INSPIRE-HEP">INSPIRE-HEP</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153178#P2930" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobel.bh.org.il/en/persona/charpak-georges/">Georges Charpak</a>, Nobel Luminaries Project, <a href="/wiki/The_Museum_of_the_Jewish_People_at_Beit_Hatfutsot" class="mw-redirect" title="The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot">The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Template:Nobel Prize in Physics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Template talk:Nobel Prize in Physics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel Prize in Physics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics" title="List of Nobel laureates in Physics">Laureates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1901: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen" title="Wilhelm Röntgen">Röntgen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1902: <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Lorentz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Zeeman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1903: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Becquerel" title="Henri Becquerel">Becquerel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">P. Curie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">M. Curie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1904: <a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt,_3rd_Baron_Rayleigh" title="John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh">Rayleigh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1905: <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Lenard" title="Philipp Lenard">Lenard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1906: <a href="/wiki/J._J._Thomson" title="J. J. Thomson">J. J. Thomson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1907: <a href="/wiki/Albert_A._Michelson" title="Albert A. Michelson">Michelson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1908: <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann">Lippmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1909: <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Marconi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ferdinand_Braun" title="Karl Ferdinand Braun">Braun</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1910: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals">Van der Waals</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1911: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien" title="Wilhelm Wien">Wien</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1912: <a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Dal%C3%A9n" title="Gustaf Dalén">Dalén</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1913: <a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Kamerlingh Onnes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1914: <a href="/wiki/Max_von_Laue" title="Max von Laue">Laue</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1915: <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Bragg" title="Lawrence Bragg">W. L. Bragg</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">W. H. Bragg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1916</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1917: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Glover_Barkla" title="Charles Glover Barkla">Barkla</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1918: <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Planck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1919: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Stark" title="Johannes Stark">Stark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1920: <a href="/wiki/Charles_%C3%89douard_Guillaume" title="Charles Édouard Guillaume">Guillaume</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1921: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1922: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">N. Bohr</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1923: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Millikan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1924: <a href="/wiki/Manne_Siegbahn" title="Manne Siegbahn">M. Siegbahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1925: <a href="/wiki/James_Franck" title="James Franck">Franck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz">Hertz</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1926: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin">Perrin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Compton" title="Arthur Compton">Compton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">C. Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1928: <a href="/wiki/Owen_Willans_Richardson" title="Owen Willans Richardson">O. Richardson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1929: <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">De Broglie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1930: <a href="/wiki/C._V._Raman" title="C. V. Raman">Raman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1931</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1932: <a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Heisenberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1933: <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Schrödinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Dirac</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1934</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1935: <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">Chadwick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1936: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Francis_Hess" title="Victor Francis Hess">Hess</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson" title="Carl David Anderson">C. D. Anderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1937: <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Davisson" title="Clinton Davisson">Davisson</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Paget_Thomson" title="George Paget Thomson">G. P. Thomson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1938: <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Fermi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1939: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">Lawrence</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1940</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1941</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1942</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1943: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Stern" title="Otto Stern">Stern</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1944: <a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Rabi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1945: <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Pauli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1946: <a href="/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman">Bridgman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1947: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton" title="Edward Victor Appleton">Appleton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1948: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Blackett" title="Patrick Blackett">Blackett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1949: <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Yukawa" title="Hideki Yukawa">Yukawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1950: <a href="/wiki/C._F._Powell" title="C. F. Powell">Powell</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1951: <a href="/wiki/John_Cockcroft" title="John Cockcroft">Cockcroft</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Walton" title="Ernest Walton">Walton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Felix_Bloch" title="Felix Bloch">Bloch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Purcell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1953: <a href="/wiki/Frits_Zernike" title="Frits Zernike">Zernike</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1954: <a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Born</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walther_Bothe" title="Walther Bothe">Bothe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1955: <a href="/wiki/Willis_Lamb" title="Willis Lamb">Lamb</a> / <a href="/wiki/Polykarp_Kusch" title="Polykarp Kusch">Kusch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1956: <a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley">Shockley</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Brattain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Yang_Chen-Ning" title="Yang Chen-Ning">C. N. Yang</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tsung-Dao_Lee" title="Tsung-Dao Lee">T. D. Lee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1958: <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Cherenkov" title="Pavel Cherenkov">Cherenkov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Frank" title="Ilya Frank">Frank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Igor_Tamm" title="Igor Tamm">Tamm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Segrè</a> / <a href="/wiki/Owen_Chamberlain" title="Owen Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Donald_A._Glaser" title="Donald A. Glaser">Glaser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Hofstadter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_M%C3%B6ssbauer" title="Rudolf Mössbauer">Mössbauer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Lev_Landau" title="Lev Landau">Landau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1963: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">Wigner</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert_Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert Mayer">Goeppert Mayer</a> / <a href="/wiki/J._Hans_D._Jensen" title="J. Hans D. Jensen">Jensen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1964: <a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Townes" title="Charles H. Townes">Townes</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Basov" title="Nikolay Basov">Basov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Prokhorov" title="Alexander Prokhorov">Prokhorov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1965: <a href="/wiki/Shin%27ichir%C5%8D_Tomonaga" title="Shin'ichirō Tomonaga">Tomonaga</a> / <a href="/wiki/Julian_Schwinger" title="Julian Schwinger">Schwinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Feynman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1966: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kastler" title="Alfred Kastler">Kastler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1967: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Bethe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1968: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Alvarez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1969: <a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Gell-Mann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hannes Alfvén">Alfvén</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_N%C3%A9el" title="Louis Néel">Néel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Gabor" title="Dennis Gabor">Gabor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1972: <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leon_Cooper" title="Leon Cooper">Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer" title="John Robert Schrieffer">Schrieffer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Leo_Esaki" title="Leo Esaki">Esaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ivar_Giaever" title="Ivar Giaever">Giaever</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Josephson" title="Brian Josephson">Josephson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Ryle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Antony_Hewish" title="Antony Hewish">Hewish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/Aage_Bohr" title="Aage Bohr">A. Bohr</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_Roy_Mottelson" title="Ben Roy Mottelson">Mottelson</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Rainwater" title="James Rainwater">Rainwater</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Richter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Samuel_C._C._Ting" title="Samuel C. C. Ting">Ting</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Philip_W._Anderson" title="Philip W. Anderson">P. W. Anderson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Mott</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_Van_Vleck" title="John Hasbrouck Van Vleck">Van Vleck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Kapitsa" title="Pyotr Kapitsa">Kapitsa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arno_Allan_Penzias" title="Arno Allan Penzias">Penzias</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">R. Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Glashow" title="Sheldon Glashow">Glashow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Salam</a> / <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Weinberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/James_Cronin" title="James Cronin">Cronin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Fitch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Bloembergen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Leonard_Schawlow" title="Arthur Leonard Schawlow">Schawlow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kai_Siegbahn" title="Kai Siegbahn">K. Siegbahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_G._Wilson" title="Kenneth G. Wilson">K. Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Chandrasekhar</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Alfred_Fowler" title="William Alfred Fowler">Fowler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia">Rubbia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer" title="Simon van der Meer">Van der Meer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Klaus_von_Klitzing" title="Klaus von Klitzing">von Klitzing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska">Ruska</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Binnig" title="Gerd Binnig">Binnig</a> / <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rohrer" title="Heinrich Rohrer">Rohrer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Georg_Bednorz" title="Georg Bednorz">Bednorz</a> / <a href="/wiki/K._Alex_M%C3%BCller" title="K. Alex Müller">Müller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Leon_M._Lederman" title="Leon M. Lederman">Lederman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Schwartz" title="Melvin Schwartz">Schwartz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Steinberger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster_Ramsey_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.">Ramsey</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_Georg_Dehmelt" title="Hans Georg Dehmelt">Dehmelt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Paul" title="Wolfgang Paul">Paul</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Isaac_Friedman" title="Jerome Isaac Friedman">Friedman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Henry_Way_Kendall" title="Henry Way Kendall">Kendall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Taylor" title="Richard E. Taylor">R. Taylor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">de Gennes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Charpak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Russell_Alan_Hulse" title="Russell Alan Hulse">Hulse</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hooton_Taylor_Jr." title="Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.">J. Taylor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/Bertram_Brockhouse" title="Bertram Brockhouse">Brockhouse</a> / <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Shull" title="Clifford Shull">Shull</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Lewis_Perl" title="Martin Lewis Perl">Perl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Reines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/David_Lee_(physicist)" title="David Lee (physicist)">D. Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Osheroff" title="Douglas Osheroff">Osheroff</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Coleman_Richardson" title="Robert Coleman Richardson">R. Richardson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Steven_Chu" title="Steven Chu">Chu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji" title="Claude Cohen-Tannoudji">Cohen-Tannoudji</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Daniel_Phillips" title="William Daniel Phillips">Phillips</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Laughlin" title="Robert B. Laughlin">Laughlin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Horst_Ludwig_St%C3%B6rmer" title="Horst Ludwig Störmer">Störmer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Daniel_C._Tsui" title="Daniel C. Tsui">Tsui</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Gerard_%27t_Hooft" title="Gerard 't Hooft">'t Hooft</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martinus_J._G._Veltman" title="Martinus J. G. Veltman">Veltman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/Zhores_Alferov" title="Zhores Alferov">Alferov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kroemer" title="Herbert Kroemer">Kroemer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kilby" title="Jack Kilby">Kilby</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–<br />present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Allin_Cornell" title="Eric Allin Cornell">Cornell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Ketterle" title="Wolfgang Ketterle">Ketterle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wieman" title="Carl Wieman">Wieman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_Jr." title="Raymond Davis Jr.">Davis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Masatoshi_Koshiba" title="Masatoshi Koshiba">Koshiba</a> / <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Giacconi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2003: <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Abrikosov_(physicist)" title="Alexei Abrikosov (physicist)">Abrikosov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Ginzburg" title="Vitaly Ginzburg">Ginzburg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anthony_James_Leggett" title="Anthony James Leggett">Leggett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross">Gross</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hugh_David_Politzer" title="Hugh David Politzer">Politzer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wilczek" title="Frank Wilczek">Wilczek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Roy_J._Glauber" title="Roy J. Glauber">Glauber</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_L._Hall" title="John L. Hall">Hall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._H%C3%A4nsch" title="Theodor W. Hänsch">Hänsch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2006: <a href="/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather">Mather</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Smoot" title="George Smoot">Smoot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2007: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Fert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg">Grünberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2008: <a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Nambu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi_(physicist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Makoto Kobayashi (physicist)">Kobayashi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Toshihide_Maskawa" title="Toshihide Maskawa">Maskawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2009: <a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Kao" title="Charles K. Kao">Kao</a> / <a href="/wiki/Willard_Boyle" title="Willard Boyle">Boyle</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_E._Smith" title="George E. Smith">Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/Andre_Geim" title="Andre Geim">Geim</a> / <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Novoselov" title="Konstantin Novoselov">Novoselov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2011: <a href="/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter" title="Saul Perlmutter">Perlmutter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Schmidt" title="Brian Schmidt">Schmidt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Adam_Riess" title="Adam Riess">Riess</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2012: <a href="/wiki/David_J._Wineland" title="David J. Wineland">Wineland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Serge_Haroche" title="Serge Haroche">Haroche</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">Englert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Higgs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014: <a href="/wiki/Isamu_Akasaki" title="Isamu Akasaki">Akasaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Amano" title="Hiroshi Amano">Amano</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura" title="Shuji Nakamura">Nakamura</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2015: <a href="/wiki/Takaaki_Kajita" title="Takaaki Kajita">Kajita</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_B._McDonald" title="Arthur B. McDonald">McDonald</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/wiki/David_J._Thouless" title="David J. Thouless">Thouless</a> / <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Haldane" title="Duncan Haldane">Haldane</a> / <a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Kosterlitz" title="J. Michael Kosterlitz">Kosterlitz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017: <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Weiss</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barry_Barish" title="Barry Barish">Barish</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne">Thorne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashkin" title="Arthur Ashkin">Ashkin</a> / <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou">Mourou</a> / <a href="/wiki/Donna_Strickland" title="Donna Strickland">Strickland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2019: <a href="/wiki/Jim_Peebles" title="Jim Peebles">Peebles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Mayor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Didier_Queloz" title="Didier Queloz">Queloz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2020: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Penrose</a> / <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Genzel" title="Reinhard Genzel">Genzel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrea_M._Ghez" title="Andrea M. Ghez">Ghez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2021: <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Parisi" title="Giorgio Parisi">Parisi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Hasselmann" title="Klaus Hasselmann">Hasselmann</a> / <a href="/wiki/Syukuro_Manabe" title="Syukuro Manabe">Manabe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2022: <a href="/wiki/Alain_Aspect" title="Alain Aspect">Aspect</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Clauser" title="John Clauser">Clauser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anton_Zeilinger" title="Anton Zeilinger">Zeilinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2023: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Agostini" title="Pierre Agostini">Agostini</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Krausz" title="Ferenc Krausz">Krausz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anne_L%27Huillier" title="Anne L'Huillier">L'Huillier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2024: <a href="/wiki/John_Hopfield" title="John Hopfield">Hopfield</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton" title="Geoffrey Hinton">Hinton</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1992_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1992_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1992 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1992_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template talk:1992 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1992_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1992 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="1992_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1992 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> laureates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_A._Marcus" title="Rudolph A. Marcus">Rudolph A. Marcus</a> (United States/Canada)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/1992_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1992 Nobel Prize in Literature">1992</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Derek_Walcott" title="Derek Walcott">Derek Walcott</a> (Saint Lucia)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Rigoberta_Mench%C3%BA" title="Rigoberta Menchú">Rigoberta Menchú</a> (Guatemala)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Georges Charpak</a> (France/Poland)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_H._Fischer" title="Edmond H. Fischer">Edmond H. Fischer</a> (Switzerland/United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_G._Krebs" title="Edwin G. Krebs">Edwin G. Krebs</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Economic Sciences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Becker" title="Gary Becker">Gary Becker</a> (United States)</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1987_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1987 Nobel Prize winners">1987</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1988_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1988 Nobel Prize winners">1988</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1989_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1989 Nobel Prize winners">1989</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1990_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1990 Nobel Prize winners">1990</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1991_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1991 Nobel Prize winners">1991</a></dd> <dd><b>1992 </b></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1993_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1993 Nobel Prize winners">1993</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1994_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1994 Nobel Prize winners">1994</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1995_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1995 Nobel Prize winners">1995</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1996_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1996 Nobel Prize winners">1996</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1997_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1997 Nobel Prize winners">1997</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153178#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153178#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153178#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000114900235">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/36905072">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/336866/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJymBRkcRvPPY9rx9TGGpP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119208636">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr94008494">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12335513h">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12335513h">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Charpak, Georges"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RMSV015718">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/278086">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p254906168">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90913061">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000093472&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=191813">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201861257">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/31fjn4vm2sbgk16">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810602312205606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007286594705171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14753684">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA09334016?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119208636">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 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