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class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki rtl sitedir-rtl mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-قفقاز rootpage-قفقاز skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">مواد ڏانھن هلو</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="سائيٽ"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="مک مينيو" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">مک مينيو</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">مک مينيو</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">سائڊبار ڏانھن چوريو</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">لڪايو</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> رھنمائي </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8F%DA%A9_%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%88" title="مک صفحو گھمو [z]" accesskey="z"><span>مک صفحو</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DA%AA%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%8A%DA%8A%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82" title="ھن رٿا بابت، توھان ڇا ٿا ڪري سگهو، شيون ڪٿي ڳولھجن"><span>اوطاق</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DA%AA%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%8A%DA%8A%D9%8A%D8%A7:%DA%BE%D8%A7%DA%BB%D9%88%DA%AA%D8%A7_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9%D8%A7" title="تازن واقعن تي تفصيلي ڄاڻ لھو"><span>هاڻوڪا واقعا</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="ھن وڪيءَ ۾ تازين تبديلين جي فھرست [r]" accesskey="r"><span>تازيون تبديليون</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A8" title="ڪو بلاترتيب صفحو اتاريو [x]" accesskey="x"><span>بلاترتيب صفحو</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%AF:%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="ڳولي لھڻ جي جاءِ"><span>مدد</span></a></li><li id="n-sandboxlink-portlet-label" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DA%AA%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%8A%DA%8A%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88"><span>مشق پٽي</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8F%DA%A9_%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%88" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="وڪيپيڊيا" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-sd.svg" style="width: 6.8125em; height: 1.75em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-sd.svg" width="135" height="23" style="width: 8.4375em; height: 1.4375em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%DA%B3%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="۾ ڳوليو وڪيپيڊيا [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>ڳولا</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="وڪيپيڊيا ۾ ڳوليو" aria-label="وڪيپيڊيا ۾ ڳوليو" autocapitalize="sentences" title="۾ ڳوليو وڪيپيڊيا [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="خاص:ڳولا"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ڳوليو</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="ذاتي اوزار"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ڏيک"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ڏيک" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ڏيک</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sd.wikipedia.org&uselang=sd" class=""><span>امداد ڏيو</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88&returnto=%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="کاتو کولڻ ۽ داخل ٿيڻ تي توھان کي ھمٿايو وڃي ٿو؛ جيتوڻيڪ، اهو ضروري ناھي" class=""><span>کاتو کوليو</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1_%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%AF_%D8%A7%D9%90%D9%86&returnto=%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="توھان کي ھمٿائجي ٿو تہ توهان داخل ٿيو؛ بھرحال، اھو لازمي ناھي [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>داخل ٿيو</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="وڌيڪ چارا" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ذاتي اوزار" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ذاتي اوزار</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="واپرائيندڙ جو مينيو" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sd.wikipedia.org&uselang=sd"><span>امداد ڏيو</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88&returnto=%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="کاتو کولڻ ۽ داخل ٿيڻ تي توھان کي ھمٿايو وڃي ٿو؛ جيتوڻيڪ، اهو ضروري ناھي"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>کاتو کوليو</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1_%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%AF_%D8%A7%D9%90%D9%86&returnto=%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="توھان کي ھمٿائجي ٿو تہ توهان داخل ٿيو؛ بھرحال، اھو لازمي ناھي [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>داخل ٿيو</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ٻاھر نڪتل سنواريندڙن لاءِ صفحا <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%AF:%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%81" aria-label="سنوارڻ بابت وڌيڪ ڄاڻيو"><span>وڌيڪ ڄاڻيو</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%85%D9%86%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%80%D8%A7%DA%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="ھن آئپي پتي کان ڪيل سنوارن جي فھرست [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ڀاڱيداريون</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%87" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>هن آءِ پِي سان ڳالهه</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> 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class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="فھرست" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">فھرست</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">سائڊبار ڏانھن چوريو</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">لڪايو</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">تعارف</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ارضيات" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ارضيات"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>ارضيات</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ارضيات-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-قابل_ذڪر_چوٽيون" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#قابل_ذڪر_چوٽيون"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>قابل ذڪر چوٽيون</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-قابل_ذڪر_چوٽيون-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-موسم" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#موسم"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>موسم</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-موسم-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-نظارو" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#نظارو"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>نظارو</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-نظارو-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-تاريخ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#تاريخ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>تاريخ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-تاريخ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-تصويري_گيلري" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#تصويري_گيلري"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>تصويري گيلري</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-تصويري_گيلري-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-پڻ_ڏسو" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#پڻ_ڏسو"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>پڻ ڏسو</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-پڻ_ڏسو-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-خارجي_لنڪس" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#خارجي_لنڪس"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>خارجي لنڪس</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-خارجي_لنڪس-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-حوالا" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#حوالا"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>حوالا</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-حوالا-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="فھرست" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="عنوانن جي فھرست کي ٽوگل ڪريو" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">عنوانن جي فھرست کي ٽوگل ڪريو</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">قفقاز</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ڪنھن مضمون ڏانھن ڪنھن ٻي ٻوليءَ ۾ وڃو. 109 ٻولين ۾ موجود آھي" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-109" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">109 ٻوليون</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasus" title="Kaukasus – آفريڪي" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kaukasus" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="آفريڪي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasus" title="Kaukasus – سوئس جرمن" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kaukasus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="سوئس جرمن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="جبال القوقاز – عربي" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جبال القوقاز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="عربي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montes_d%27El_C%C3%A1ucasu" title="Montes d'El Cáucasu – اسٽورين" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Montes d'El Cáucasu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="اسٽورين" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B3%D3%80%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Кавказалъул мугӀрул – اويرس" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Кавказалъул мугӀрул" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="اويرس" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qafqaz_da%C4%9Flar%C4%B1" title="Qafqaz dağları – آزربائيجاني" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qafqaz dağları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="آزربائيجاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D2%99%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Кавказ тауҙары – ڪينيڊا" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кавказ тауҙары" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="ڪينيڊا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasus" title="Kaukasus – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Kaukasus" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukazos" title="Kaukazos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kaukazos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Каўказскія горы – بيلاروسي" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Каўказскія горы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="بيلاروسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кавказ – بلغاريائي" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кавказ" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="بلغاريائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A4" title="कॉकेशस परबत – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कॉकेशस परबत" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE" title="ককেশাস পর্বতমালা – بنگلا" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ককেশাস পর্বতমালা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="بنگلا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menezio%C3%B9_Kaokaz" title="Menezioù Kaokaz – بريٽن" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Menezioù Kaokaz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="بريٽن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavkaz_(planina)" title="Kavkaz (planina) – بوسنيائي" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kavkaz (planina)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="بوسنيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muntanyes_del_Caucas" title="Muntanyes del Caucas – ڪيٽالان" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Muntanyes del Caucas" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="ڪيٽالان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Кавказан лаьмнаш – چیچن" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Кавказан лаьмнаш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="چیچن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasus_Mountains" title="Caucasus Mountains – سبوانو" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Caucasus Mountains" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="سبوانو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%95%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%82%DB%95%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="زنجیرەچیاکانی قەوقاز – مرڪزي ڪردش" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زنجیرەچیاکانی قەوقاز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="مرڪزي ڪردش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="بهترين مضمون"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavkaz" title="Kavkaz – چيڪ" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kavkaz" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="چيڪ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C3%B9kaz_(r%C3%A9ga_g%C3%B3r)" title="Kaùkaz (réga gór) – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Kaùkaz (réga gór)" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mynyddoedd_y_Cawcasws" title="Mynyddoedd y Cawcasws – ويلش" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mynyddoedd y Cawcasws" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ويلش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasus" title="Kaukasus – ڊينش" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kaukasus" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ڊينش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasus" title="Kaukasus – جرمن" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kaukasus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="جرمن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawkaz" title="Kawkaz – لوئر سوربين" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Kawkaz" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="لوئر سوربين" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%8D%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Καύκασος – يوناني" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καύκασος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="يوناني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasus_Mountains" title="Caucasus Mountains – انگريزي" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Caucasus Mountains" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="انگريزي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%ADkazo" title="Kaŭkazo – ايسپرانٽو" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kaŭkazo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ايسپرانٽو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordillera_del_C%C3%A1ucaso" title="Cordillera del Cáucaso – هسپانوي" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cordillera del Cáucaso" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="هسپانوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasus" title="Kaukasus – ايستونائي" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kaukasus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ايستونائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukaso_(mendikatea)" title="Kaukaso (mendikatea) – باسق" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kaukaso (mendikatea)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="باسق" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%87%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%87_%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="رشته‌کوه قفقاز – فارسي" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رشته‌کوه قفقاز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="فارسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasus" title="Kaukasus – فنش" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaukasus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="فنش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasus" title="Kaukasus – فيروايس" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kaukasus" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="فيروايس" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9ographie_du_Caucase" title="Géographie du Caucase – فرانسيسي" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Géographie du Caucase" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="فرانسيسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasus" title="Kaukasus – مغربي فريشن" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kaukasus" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="مغربي فريشن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sl%C3%A9ibhte_Chugais" title="Sléibhte Chugais – آئرش" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sléibhte Chugais" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="آئرش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordilleira_do_C%C3%A1ucaso" title="Cordilleira do Cáucaso – گليشئين" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cordilleira do Cáucaso" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="گليشئين" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvytyrys%C3%BDi_K%C3%A1ukaso" title="Yvytyrysýi Káukaso – گواراني" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Yvytyrysýi Káukaso" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="گواراني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavkaz_s%C3%A2n-mak" title="Kavkaz sân-mak – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kavkaz sân-mak" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%96" title="הרי הקווקז – عبراني" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרי הקווקז" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="عبراني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="काकेशस पर्वत शृंखला – هندي" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="काकेशस पर्वत शृंखला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="هندي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavkaz" title="Kavkaz – ڪروشيائي" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kavkaz" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ڪروشيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawkaz" title="Kawkaz – اپر سربيائي" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Kawkaz" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="اپر سربيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kauk%C3%A1zus_(hegys%C3%A9g)" title="Kaukázus (hegység) – هنگري" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kaukázus (hegység)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="هنگري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%B8%D6%84%D6%80_%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BD" title="Փոքր Կովկաս – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Փոքր Կովկաս" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucaso" title="Caucaso – انٽرلنگئا" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Caucaso" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="انٽرلنگئا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pegunungan_Kaukasus" title="Pegunungan Kaukasus – انڊونيشي" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pegunungan Kaukasus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="انڊونيشي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauc%C3%A1s" title="Caucás – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Caucás" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Кавказа лоамаш – انگش" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Кавказа лоамаш" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="انگش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montaro_Kaukazo" title="Montaro Kaukazo – ادو" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Montaro Kaukazo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ادو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1kasusfj%C3%B6ll" title="Kákasusfjöll – آئيس لينڊڪ" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kákasusfjöll" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="آئيس لينڊڪ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catena_del_Caucaso" title="Catena del Caucaso – اطالوي" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Catena del Caucaso" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="اطالوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B5%E3%82%B9%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88" title="コーカサス山脈 – جاپاني" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コーカサス山脈" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="جاپاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="چونڊ مضمون"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="კავკასიონი – جارجيائي" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კავკასიონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="جارجيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BA%85%EC%B9%B4%EC%8A%A4%EC%82%B0%EB%A7%A5" title="캅카스산맥 – ڪوريائي" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="캅카스산맥" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ڪوريائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Кавказ таула – ڪراچي بالڪر" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Кавказ таула" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="ڪراچي بالڪر" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87iyay%C3%AAn_Qefqaz%C3%AA" title="Çiyayên Qefqazê – ڪردي" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Çiyayên Qefqazê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="ڪردي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus – لاطيني" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Caucasus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="لاطيني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasus" title="Kaukasus – لگزمبرگ" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kaukasus" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="لگزمبرگ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasus" title="Kaukasus – لمبرگش" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kaukasus" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="لمبرگش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucas" title="Caucas – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Caucas" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukazo_kalnai" title="Kaukazo kalnai – ليٿونيائي" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kaukazo kalnai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ليٿونيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kauk%C4%81zs_(kalni)" title="Kaukāzs (kalni) – لاتوين" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kaukāzs (kalni)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="لاتوين" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4" title="ककेसस पर्वत – ميٿلي" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="ककेसस पर्वत" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="ميٿلي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86)" title="Кавказ (планински венец) – ميسي ڊونيائي" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кавказ (планински венец)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="ميسي ڊونيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%82" title="കോക്കസസ് പർവതം – مليالم" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കോക്കസസ് പർവതം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="مليالم" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D1%83" title="Кавказын нуруу – منگولي" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Кавказын нуруу" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="منگولي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="काॅकेशस पर्वतरांग – مراٺي" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="काॅकेशस पर्वतरांग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="مراٺي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pergunungan_Kaukasus" title="Pergunungan Kaukasus – ملي" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pergunungan Kaukasus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ملي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasus" title="Kaukasus – لو جرمن" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kaukasus" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="لو جرمن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="ककेसस हिमशृङ्खला – نيپالي" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ककेसस हिमशृङ्खला" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="نيپالي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasus_(gebergte)" title="Kaukasus (gebergte) – ڊچ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kaukasus (gebergte)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ڊچ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasus" title="Kaukasus – نارويائي نيوناسڪ" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kaukasus" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="نارويائي نيوناسڪ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasus" title="Kaukasus – نارويائي بوڪمال" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kaukasus" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="نارويائي بوڪمال" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B_%D1%85%C3%A6%D1%85%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Кавказы хæхтæ – اوسيٽڪ" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Кавказы хæхтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="اوسيٽڪ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A4" title="ਕੋਹਕਾਫ਼ ਪਰਬਤ – پنجابي" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੋਹਕਾਫ਼ ਪਰਬਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="پنجابي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukaz_(%C5%82a%C5%84cuch_g%C3%B3rski)" title="Kaukaz (łańcuch górski) – پولش" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kaukaz (łańcuch górski)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="پولش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="قفقاز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="قفقاز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordilheira_do_C%C3%A1ucaso" title="Cordilheira do Cáucaso – پورٽگليز" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cordilheira do Cáucaso" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="پورٽگليز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mun%C8%9Bii_Caucaz" title="Munții Caucaz – روماني" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Munții Caucaz" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="روماني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Кавказские горы – روسي" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кавказские горы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="روسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasus_Moontains" title="Caucasus Moontains – اسڪاٽس" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Caucasus Moontains" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="اسڪاٽس" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavkaz" title="Kavkaz – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kavkaz" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%B3%E0%B7%94" title="කෝකසස් කඳු – سنهالا" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කෝකසස් කඳු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="سنهالا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasus_Mountains" title="Caucasus Mountains – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Caucasus Mountains" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavkaz" title="Kavkaz – سلوويني" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kavkaz" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="سلوويني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukazi" title="Kaukazi – الباني" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kaukazi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="الباني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Кавкаске планине – سربيائي" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кавкаске планине" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="سربيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasus" title="Kaukasus – سويڊش" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kaukasus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="سويڊش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukazi" title="Kaukazi – سواحيلي" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kaukazi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="سواحيلي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="காக்கசஸ் மலைத்தொடர் – تامل" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காக்கசஸ் மலைத்தொடர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="تامل" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="కాకసస్ పర్వతాలు – تلگو" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కాకసస్ పర్వతాలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="تلگو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%AF%D2%B3%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D2%9B%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Кӯҳҳои Қафқоз – تاجڪ" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Кӯҳҳои Қафқоз" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="تاجڪ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA" title="เทือกเขาคอเคซัส – ٿائي" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เทือกเขาคอเคซัส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ٿائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulubundukin_ng_Kaukasya" title="Bulubundukin ng Kaukasya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bulubundukin ng Kaukasya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafkas_Da%C4%9Flar%C4%B1" title="Kafkas Dağları – ترڪش" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kafkas Dağları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ترڪش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%DB%8B%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%BA_%D8%AA%D9%89%D8%B2%D9%85%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89" title="كاۋكاز تاغ تىزمىسى – يوغور" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كاۋكاز تاغ تىزمىسى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="يوغور" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Кавказькі гори – يوڪراني" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кавказькі гори" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="يوڪراني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D9%BE%DB%81%D8%A7%DA%91%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="قفقاز پہاڑیاں – اردو" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قفقاز پہاڑیاں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="اردو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavkaz_tog%CA%BBlari" title="Kavkaz togʻlari – ازبڪ" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kavkaz togʻlari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ازبڪ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0ucazo" title="Càucazo – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Càucazo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A3y_n%C3%BAi_Kavkaz" title="Dãy núi Kavkaz – ويتنامي" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dãy núi Kavkaz" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ويتنامي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabubkiran_Caucaso" title="Kabubkiran Caucaso – واري" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kabubkiran Caucaso" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="واري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="高加索山脉 – وو چيني" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="高加索山脉" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="وو چيني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="კავკაციონი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კავკაციონი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%96_%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%92" title="קאווקאז בערג – يدش" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאווקאז בערג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="يدش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="高加索山脉 – چيني" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="高加索山脉" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="چيني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88" title="高加索山脈 – ڪينٽونيز" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="高加索山脈" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="ڪينٽونيز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5477#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="بين‌الزباني ڳنڍڻا سنواريو" class="wbc-editpage">ڳنڍڻن کي سنواريو</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="نانءُپولارَ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="مواد جي صفحي کي ڏسو [c]" accesskey="c"><span>مضمون</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB:%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="موادي صفحي تي بحث (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>بحث</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ٻولیء جو روپ بدلایو" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">سنڌي</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav 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role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="اوزارَ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">اوزارَ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div 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accesskey="e"><span>سنواريو</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2&action=history"><span>سوانح ڏسو</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> عام </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%87%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%B3%D9%86%DA%8D%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7/%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="ھتان ڳنڍيل سمورن وڪي صفحن جي فھرست [j]" accesskey="j"><span>هتان ڳنڍيل صفحا</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:RecentChangesLinked/%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2" rel="nofollow" title="ويجھڙائيءَ ۾ صفحن ۾ ٿيل تبديليون هن صفحي سان ڳنڍيل آهن [k]" accesskey="k"><span>لاڳاپيل تبديليون</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=sd" title="فائيل چاڙهيو [u]" accesskey="u"><span>فائيل چاڙھيو</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5_%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7" title="سڀني خاص صفحن جي فھرست [q]" accesskey="q"><span>خاص صفحا</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2&oldid=292964" title="ھن صفحي جي ھن ورجاءَ ڏانھن مستقل ڳنڍڻو"><span>مستقل ڳنڍڻو</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>صفحي جي معلومات</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:CiteThisPage&page=%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2&id=292964&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="ھن صفحي جو حوالو ڪيئن ڏجي بابت معلومات"><span>ھن صفحي جو حوالو ڏيو</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsd.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D9%2582%25D9%2581%25D9%2582%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B2"><span>مختصر یوآرایل وٺو</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsd.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D9%2582%25D9%2581%25D9%2582%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B2"><span>ڪيوآر ڪوڊ ڊائونلوڊ ڪريو</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ڇاپيو/برآمديو </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2"><span>ڪو ڪتاب سرجيو</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF طور اتاريو</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2&printable=yes" title="ھن صفحي جو پرنٽ وٺو [p]" accesskey="p"><span>ڇپائتو مسودو</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ٻيون رٿائون </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Caucasus_mountains" hreflang="en"><span>وڪيميڊيا العام</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5477" title="اعدادخاني ۾ 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">سائڊبار ڏانھن چوريو</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">لڪايو</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A%DA%BE%DA%AA_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85" title="جاگرافيائي بيھڪ نظام">بيھڪ</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r286000">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-default{margin-left:30px}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2&params=42.5_N_45_E_type:mountain_region:GE"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">45°00′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.5°N 45°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.5; 45</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">کليل ڄاڻ چيڪلي، وڪيپيڊيا مان</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="sd" dir="rtl"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Mountain system at the intersection of Europe, Asia, and the Middle East<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%86%D9%88:SHORTDESC:Mountain_system_at_the_intersection_of_Europe,_Asia,_and_the_Middle_East&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="سانچو:SHORTDESC:Mountain system at the intersection of Europe, Asia, and the Middle East (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">سانچو:SHORTDESC:Mountain system at the intersection of Europe, Asia, and the Middle East</a></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">ڏسو the lunar mountain range لاءِ، <a href="/w/index.php?title=Montes_Caucasus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montes Caucasus (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Montes Caucasus</a>.</div> <table class="infobox vcard" cellspacing="5" style="width:22em; line-height:normal; width:23.5em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="fn org" style="text-align:center; font-size:125%; font-weight:bold; background-color: #e7dcc3;">قفقاز (ڪوہ قاف)<br />Caucasus Mountains</th></tr><tr class=""><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84:Kavkasioni.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Kavkasioni.JPG/280px-Kavkasioni.JPG" decoding="async" width="280" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Kavkasioni.JPG/420px-Kavkasioni.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Kavkasioni.JPG/560px-Kavkasioni.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span><br /><span style="padding: 0.2em 0em;">ڪوہ قاف جو فضائي منظر</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color: #e7dcc3;">اوچي سطح</th></tr><tr class=""><th style="padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;">چوٽي</th> <td class="" style="padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Elbrus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mount Elbrus (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Mount Elbrus</a></td></tr><tr class=""><th style="padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="بلندي (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">بلندي</a></th> <td class="" style="padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;">5٬642 m (18٬510 ft) </td></tr><tr class=""><th style="padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AC%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="جاگرافيائي امتياز (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">امتياز</a></th> <td class="" style="padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;"><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%AF:%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%86%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%AC%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ممدد:سانچا تبديل جا پيغام (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)"><span title="اوزا تبديلی: Needs the number to be converted">اوزا تبديل: needs a number</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr class=""><th style="padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AC%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D8%A7%DA%AA%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="جاگرافيائي اڪيلائي (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">اڪيلائي</a></th> <td class="" style="padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;"><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%AF:%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%86%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%AC%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ممدد:سانچا تبديل جا پيغام (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)"><span title="اوزا تبديلی: Needs the number to be converted">اوزا تبديل: needs a number</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr class=""><th style="padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="جبلن جي فهرستن جي فهرست (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">فهرست</a></th> <td class="category" style="padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seven_Summits&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seven Summits (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Seven Summits</a></td></tr><tr class=""><th style="padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A%DA%BE%DA%AA_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85" title="جاگرافيائي بيھڪ نظام">مقانيت</a></th> <td class="" style="padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color: #e7dcc3;">Dimensions</th></tr><tr class=""><th style="padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;">ڊيگهه</th> <td class="" style="padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;">1٬200 km (750 mi)</td></tr><tr class=""><th style="padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;">ويڪر</th> <td class="" style="padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;">160 km (99 mi)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color: #e7dcc3;">جاگرافي</th></tr><tr class=""><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;"><div style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.5em 0.2em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84:Caucasus_topographic_map-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Caucasus_topographic_map-en.svg/280px-Caucasus_topographic_map-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Caucasus_topographic_map-en.svg/420px-Caucasus_topographic_map-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Caucasus_topographic_map-en.svg/560px-Caucasus_topographic_map-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1155" data-file-height="898" /></a></span><div>Topographic map</div> </div></td></tr><tr class=""><th style="padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;">Countries</th> <td class="label" style="padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;"><a href="/wiki/Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgia (country) (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Georgia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Azerbaijan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azerbaijan (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Azerbaijan</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armenia (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Armenia</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84:Kaukasus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Kaukasus.jpg/280px-Kaukasus.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Kaukasus.jpg/420px-Kaukasus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Kaukasus.jpg/560px-Kaukasus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4400" data-file-height="3400" /></a><figcaption>قفقاز جبلن جي سيٽلائيٽ تصوير</figcaption></figure> <p><b>قفقاز</b> یا <b>ڪوہ قاف</b> (Caucasus Mountains) ھڪ <a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84" title="جبل">جبل جو سلسلو</a> آھي جيڪو ايشيا ۽ يورپ جي براعظم جي سرحد تي واقع آھي، جيڪو اسود سمنڊ ۽ ڪئسپين سمنڊ جي وچ ۾ پکڙيل آھي. قفقاز جبل <a href="/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="يورپ">يورپ</a> ۽ <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ايشيا">ايشيا</a> جي سرحد تي هڪ جبل جو نظام آهي، جيڪو قفقاز جي علائقي جي چوڌاري آهي، جنهن ۾ جبل ايلبرس، يورپ جي بلند ترين چوٽي 5,642 ميٽر (18,510 فوٽ) سمنڊ جي سطح کان مٿي، شامل آهي، دنيا جي <a href="/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA_%DA%86%D9%88%D9%BD%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="ست چوٽيون">ستن چوٽين</a> مان هڪ آهي ۽ يورپ جو بلند ترين جبل آهي.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="ابن خلدون">ابن خلدون</a> ان جو نالو مائونٽ چرڪس رکيو.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>قفقاز جبلن ۾ اتر ۾ وڏو قفقاز (Greater Caucasus) ۽ ڏکڻ ۾ ننڍو قفقاز (Lesser Caucasus) شامل آهن. گريٽر قفقاز اولهه-اتر-اولهه کان اوڀر-ڏکڻ-اوڀر، مغربي قفقاز کان ڪاري سمنڊ (Black Sea) جي اتر اوڀر واري ڪناري تي، جارجيا جي ويجهو ڪئسپين سمنڊ تي باڪو تائين هلندو آهي. ننڍو قفقاز 100ڪلوميٽر (62 ميل) ڏکڻ ۾ گريٽر قفقاز سان متوازي هلندو آهي.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyc-Snow-Ice-CaucusMtn2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyc-Snow-Ice-CaucusMtn2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> وڏي ۽ ننڍي قفقاز جون حدون لیکي رينج سان جڙيل آهن، ۽ لیکي رينج جي اولهه ۽ اوڀر ۾ بالترتيب ڪولچيس ميدان ۽ ڪُر-اراز هيٺيون زمينون آهن. ماسخیتي سلسلو (Meskheti Range) ننڍي قفقاز سسٽم جو حصو آهي. ڏکڻ اوڀر ۾، آراس ندي ننڍي قفقاز کي تالاش جبل کان جدا ڪري ٿي، جيڪا وڏي آذربائيجان واري علائقي مان وهي ٿي. ننڍو قفقاز ۽ آرمينيائي ھاءِ لينڊ ٽرانس قفقاز ھاءِ لينڊ (Transcaucasian Highland) ٺھين ٿا، جيڪي انھن جي الهندي پڇاڙيءَ ۾ اڀرندي اناتوليا جي ھاءِ لينڊ پليٽ سان ملن ٿيون. قفقاز جا جبل سلڪ روڊ جو حصو هئا. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ارضيات"><span id=".D8.A7.D8.B1.D8.B6.D9.8A.D8.A7.D8.AA"></span>ارضيات</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2&action=edit&section=1" title="هيءُ حصو ترميميو: ارضيات"><span>سنواريو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ارضياتي طور تي، قفقاز جبل الپائڊ بيلٽ سسٽم سان تعلق رکي ٿو جيڪو ڏکڻ اوڀر يورپ کان ايشيا تائين پکڙيل آهي ۽ ٻنهي براعظمن جي وچ ۾ سرحد سمجهيو ويندو آهي. گريٽر قفقاز جا جبل بنيادي طور ڪريٽاسيئس ۽ جوراسڪ پٿرن تي مشتمل آهن جن ۾ پيليوزوڪ ۽ پريڪمبرين پٿر شامل آهن. ڪجھ ٻرندڙ فارميشن سڄي رينج ۾ مليا آهن. ٻئي طرف، ننڍي قفقاز جا جبل بنيادي طور تي پيليوجن پٿرن مان ٺهيل آهن، جن ۾ جوراسڪ ۽ ڪريٽيسيئس پٿر جو تمام ننڍڙو حصو آهي. قفقاز جي ارتقا جي شروعات ٽرياسڪ کان مرحوم جوراسڪ تائين شروع ٿي، سيميرين آروجني جي دور ۾ ٽيٿيس سمنڊ جي فعال مارجن تي ٿي، جڏهن ته گريٽر قفقاز جي بلندي کي الپائن اوروجني دوران ميوسين تائين تاريخ ڏني وئي آهي. قفقاز جا جبل گهڻو ڪري يوريشين پليٽ جي حوالي سان اتر طرف وڌڻ واري عربي پليٽ جي وچ ۾ ٽيڪٽونڪ پليٽ جي ٽڪراءَ جي نتيجي ۾ پيدا ٿيا. جيئن ته ٽيٿيس سمنڊ بند ٿي ويو ۽ عربي پليٽ ايراني پليٽ سان ٽڪرائجي وئي ۽ ان جي خلاف دٻجي وئي ۽ يوريشين پليٽ جي ايراني پليٽ جي طرف گھڙيءَ جي وائز حرڪت ۽ ان جي آخري ٽڪريءَ سان ايراني پليٽ يوريشين پليٽ سان دٻجي وئي. جيئن ائين ٿيو، اهي سمورا پٿر جيڪي هن بيسن ۾ جراسڪ کان مائيوسين تائين جمع ڪيا ويا هئا، انهن کي ٽوڙيو ويو ته جيئن گريٽر ڪاڪيشس جبل بڻجن. اهو ٽڪراءُ به ننڍي قفقاز جي جبلن ۾ مٿي چڙهڻ ۽ سينوزوڪ آتش فشاني سرگرمي جو سبب بڻيو. هن سرگرميءَ جي ڪري سڄو علائقو باقاعدي مضبوط زلزلن جو شڪار رهيو آهي. جڏهن ته گريٽر قفقاز جا جبل بنيادي طور تي جڙيل ٻرندڙ جبل تي مشتمل آهن، ننڍي قفقاز جا جبل گهڻو ڪري ٻرندڙ جبل جا آهن. جارجيا ۾ جاواخيتي آتش فشاني پليٽيو ۽ ڀرپاسي آتش فشاني سلسلو جيڪي مرڪزي آرمينيا تائين چڱيءَ طرح پکڙيل آهن، علائقي جي ڪجهه ننڍين خوبين مان آهن. صرف تازو ئي قفقاز جو هڪ منظر هو شديد آتش فشاني سرگرميءَ لاءِ: آرمينيائي هاءِ لينڊ calc-alkaline basalts ۽ andesites in Pliocene ۽ Caucasus، Elbrus ۽ Kazbek جي بلند ترين چوٽيءَ سان ٻوڏيل هو، جن کي Pleistocene-Pliocene volcanoes بڻايو ويو. قازبڪ هاڻي فعال ناهي، پر ايلبرس پوسٽ گليشي جي زماني ۾ ڀڄڻ لڳو ۽ فومرول سرگرمي ان جي چوٽي جي ويجهو رجسٽر ٿيل آهي. همعصر زلزلي واري سرگرمي علائقي جي هڪ نمايان خصوصيت آهي، جيڪا فعال فالٽنگ ۽ ڪرسٽل شارٽنگ کي عڪاسي ڪري ٿي. زلزلي جا ڪلستر داغستان ۽ اتر آرمينيا ۾ ٿين ٿا. تاريخي وقتن ۾ ڪيترائي تباهي ڪندڙ زلزلا دستاويز ڪيا ويا آهن، جن ۾ ڊسمبر 1988 ۾ اسپيٽڪ زلزلو به شامل آهي جنهن آرمينيا جي گيمري-وانادزور علائقي کي تباهه ڪيو. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="قابل_ذڪر_چوٽيون"><span id=".D9.82.D8.A7.D8.A8.D9.84_.D8.B0.DA.AA.D8.B1_.DA.86.D9.88.D9.BD.D9.8A.D9.88.D9.86"></span>قابل ذڪر چوٽيون</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2&action=edit&section=2" title="هيءُ حصو ترميميو: قابل ذڪر چوٽيون"><span>سنواريو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>جبل البرز (Mount Elbrus) 5,642 ميٽر (18,510 فوٽ) تي، قفقاز جبلن ۾، ڪڏهن ڪڏهن يورپ جي بلند ترين چوٽي طور حوالو ڏنو ويو آهي. جبل البرز مونٽ بلانڪ (Mont Blanc)، الپس ۽ مغربي يورپ جي بلند ترين چوٽي 4,810 ميٽر (15,780 فوٽ) تي، کان 832 ميٽر (2,730 فوٽ) بلند آهي. بهرحال، اتي ڪي ٽيڪنيڪل اختلاف آهن ته ڇا جبل البرز يورپ ۾ آهي یا ایشیا ۾؟<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> گريٽر قفقاز جي جبلن جي چوٽي کي عام طور تي گريٽر قفقاز جي واٽر شيڊ جي وضاحت ڪرڻ لاءِ ورتو ويندو آهي جيڪو ايشيا ۽ يورپ جي وچ ۾ ڪاري ۽ ڪئسپين سمنڊ جي وچ واري علائقي لاءِ براعظمي حد جي نشاندهي ڪري ٿو. هي درجه بندي جبل البرز کي ايشيا سان سنگم تي رکي ٿي.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>هيٺ ڏنل جدول قفقاز جي ڪجهه بلند ترين چوٽين جي فهرست ڏيکاري ٿو. شڪارا (Shkhara) جي استثنا سان، اونچائي سوويت 1:50,000 نقشي مان ورتو وڃي ٿو. فهرست ۾ ڏهه الٽرا جبل شامل آهن (1,500 ميٽرن کان وڌيڪ نمايان جا جبل) ۽ 4,500 ميٽرن کان مٿي اوچائي 300 ميٽرن سان سڀ جبل. جبل ارارات (5,137 ميٽر) ترڪي ۾ آهي، جيڪا ننڍي قفقاز جي ڏکڻ ۾ آهي. </p> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <caption>قفقاز جبلن ۾ ڪجهه بلند ترين چوٽيون </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>چوٽي جو نالو </th> <th>بلندي <p>(ميٽرن ۾) </p> </th> <th>ممتاز<br />(ميٽرن ۾) </th> <th>ملڪ </th></tr> <tr> <td>البرز</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">5,642</div></td> <td><div style="float:right;">4,741  </div> </td> <td>روس </td></tr> <tr> <td>دائک۔تاو</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">5,205</div></td> <td><div style="float:right;">2,002  </div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>شکارا</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> 5,193<sup id="cite_ref-height_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-height-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>lower-alpha 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></td> <td><div style="float:right;">1,365  </div> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgia (country) (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Georgia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia">Russia</a>   </td></tr> <tr> <td>ڪوشتن۔تاو</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">5,152</div></td> <td><div style="float:right;">822  </div></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>پشڪن پيڪ</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">5,100</div></td> <td><div style="float:right;">110  </div></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>جانگا <p>(زھانگي۔تاو) </p> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">5,085</div></td> <td><div style="float:right;">300  </div></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgia (country) (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Georgia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>مزرگي</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">5,047</div></td> <td><div style="float:right;">10  </div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ڪازبيڪ</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">5,034</div></td> <td><div style="float:right;">2,353  </div> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgia (country) (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Georgia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ڪئتن۔تاو</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">4,979</div></td> <td><div style="float:right;">240  </div> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgia (country) (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Georgia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kukurtlu_Dome&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kukurtlu Dome (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Kukurtlu Dome</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">4,978</div></td> <td><div style="float:right;">18  </div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gistola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gistola (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Gistola</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">4,860</div></td> <td><div style="float:right;">320  </div> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgia (country) (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Georgia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shota_Rustaveli_Peak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shota Rustaveli Peak (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Shota Rustaveli</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">4,860</div></td> <td><div style="float:right;"> <abbr title="تقريبا">ت.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 50</span>  </div> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgia (country) (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Georgia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetnuldi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetnuldi (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Tetnuldi</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">4,858</div></td> <td><div style="float:right;">672  </div> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgia (country) (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Georgia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Jimara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mount Jimara (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Jimara</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><br />(Jimari)</span> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">4,780</div></td> <td><div style="float:right;">840  </div></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgia (country) (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Georgia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ushba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ushba (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Ushba</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">4,710</div></td> <td><div style="float:right;">1,143  </div> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgia (country) (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Georgia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dumala-Tau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dumala-Tau (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Dumala-Tau</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">4,682</div></td> <td><div style="float:right;">332  </div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gora_Uilpata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gora Uilpata (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Gora Uilpata</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">4,649</div></td> <td><div style="float:right;">1300  </div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tikhtengen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tikhtengen (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Tikhtengen</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">4,618</div></td> <td><div style="float:right;">768  </div> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgia (country) (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Georgia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ailama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ailama (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Ailama</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">4,547</div></td> <td><div style="float:right;">1,067  </div> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgia (country) (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Georgia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tiutiun-Tau</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">4,540</div></td> <td><div style="float:right;">380  </div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jailik</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">4,533</div></td> <td><div style="float:right;">926  </div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Salinan</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">4,508</div></td> <td><div style="float:right;">621  </div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tebulosmta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tebulosmta (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Tebulosmta</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">4,499</div></td> <td><div style="float:right;">2,145  </div> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgia (country) (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Georgia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Bazard%C3%BCz%C3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mount Bazardüzü (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Mount Bazardüzü</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">4,466</div></td> <td><div style="float:right;">2,454  </div> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azerbaijan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azerbaijan (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Azerbaijan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gora_Shan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gora Shan (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Mount Shan</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">4,451</div></td> <td><div style="float:right;">1,775  </div> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgia (country) (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Georgia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tepli</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">4,431</div></td> <td><div style="float:right;">1,144  </div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diklosmta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diklosmta (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Diklo</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">4,285</div></td> <td><div style="float:right;">843  </div> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgia (country) (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Georgia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Shahdagh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mount Shahdagh (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Mount Shahdagh</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">4,243</div></td> <td><div style="float:right;">1,102  </div> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azerbaijan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azerbaijan (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Azerbaijan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gora_Addala_Shukgelmezr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gora Addala Shukgelmezr (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Gora Addala<br />Shukgelmezr</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">4,152</div></td> <td><div style="float:right;">1,792  </div></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gora_Dyultydag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gora Dyultydag (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Gora Dyultydag</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">4,127</div></td> <td><div style="float:right;">1,834  </div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aragats&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aragats (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Aragats</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">4,090</div></td> <td><div style="float:right;">2,143  </div> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armenia (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Armenia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deavgay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deavgay (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Deavgay</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">4,016</div></td> <td><div style="float:right;">1,251  </div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="موسم"><span id=".D9.85.D9.88.D8.B3.D9.85"></span>موسم</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2&action=edit&section=3" title="هيءُ حصو ترميميو: موسم"><span>سنواريو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="نظارو"><span id=".D9.86.D8.B8.D8.A7.D8.B1.D9.88"></span>نظارو</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2&action=edit&section=4" title="هيءُ حصو ترميميو: نظارو"><span>سنواريو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="تاريخ"><span id=".D8.AA.D8.A7.D8.B1.D9.8A.D8.AE"></span>تاريخ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2&action=edit&section=5" title="هيءُ حصو ترميميو: تاريخ"><span>سنواريو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="تصويري_گيلري"><span id=".D8.AA.D8.B5.D9.88.D9.8A.D8.B1.D9.8A_.DA.AF.D9.8A.D9.84.D8.B1.D9.8A"></span>تصويري گيلري</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2&action=edit&section=6" title="هيءُ حصو ترميميو: تصويري گيلري"><span>سنواريو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 223.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 221.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84:Mt_Elbrus_Caucasus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mount Elbrus viewed from the south in Kabardino-Balkaria"><img alt="Mount Elbrus viewed from the south in Kabardino-Balkaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Mt_Elbrus_Caucasus.jpg/332px-Mt_Elbrus_Caucasus.jpg" decoding="async" width="222" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Mt_Elbrus_Caucasus.jpg/497px-Mt_Elbrus_Caucasus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Mt_Elbrus_Caucasus.jpg/663px-Mt_Elbrus_Caucasus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="652" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Elbrus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mount Elbrus (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Mount Elbrus</a> viewed from the south in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kabardino-Balkaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kabardino-Balkaria (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Kabardino-Balkaria</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84:Comito.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Komito Mountain in Chechnya"><img alt="Komito Mountain in Chechnya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Comito.jpg/240px-Comito.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Comito.jpg/360px-Comito.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Comito.jpg/480px-Comito.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3296" data-file-height="2472" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Komito Mountain in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chechnya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chechnya (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Chechnya</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84:VittfarneGeorgien_155.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Caucasus Mountains in Svaneti, Georgia"><img alt="Caucasus Mountains in Svaneti, Georgia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/VittfarneGeorgien_155.jpg/240px-VittfarneGeorgien_155.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/VittfarneGeorgien_155.jpg/360px-VittfarneGeorgien_155.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/VittfarneGeorgien_155.jpg/480px-VittfarneGeorgien_155.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Caucasus Mountains in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Svaneti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Svaneti (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Svaneti</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgia (country) (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Georgia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84:Chaukhi_mountain_(%E1%83%AD%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chaukhi mountain in Khevi, Georgia"><img alt="Chaukhi mountain in Khevi, Georgia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Chaukhi_mountain_%28%E1%83%AD%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%29.jpg/240px-Chaukhi_mountain_%28%E1%83%AD%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Chaukhi_mountain_%28%E1%83%AD%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%29.jpg/360px-Chaukhi_mountain_%28%E1%83%AD%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Chaukhi_mountain_%28%E1%83%AD%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%29.jpg/480px-Chaukhi_mountain_%28%E1%83%AD%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chaukhi mountain in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khevi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khevi (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Khevi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgia (country) (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Georgia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 138.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 136.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5._%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A gorge in Dagestan, Russia"><img alt="A gorge in Dagestan, Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5._%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD.jpg/205px-%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5._%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5._%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD.jpg/308px-%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5._%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5._%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD.jpg/410px-%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5._%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="562" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A gorge in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dagestan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dagestan (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Dagestan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia">Russia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 82px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84:Ushba_1879.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Twin-peaked Ushba in Georgia"><img alt="Twin-peaked Ushba in Georgia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Ushba_1879.jpg/120px-Ushba_1879.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Ushba_1879.jpg/181px-Ushba_1879.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Ushba_1879.jpg/241px-Ushba_1879.jpg 2x" data-file-width="536" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Twin-peaked <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ushba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ushba (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Ushba</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgia (country) (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Georgia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 158px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 156px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84:Mt_Shkhara_as_seen_from_Khalde_(Photo_A._Muhranoff,_2011).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mount Shkhara in Georgia"><img alt="Mount Shkhara in Georgia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Mt_Shkhara_as_seen_from_Khalde_%28Photo_A._Muhranoff%2C_2011%29.jpg/234px-Mt_Shkhara_as_seen_from_Khalde_%28Photo_A._Muhranoff%2C_2011%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Mt_Shkhara_as_seen_from_Khalde_%28Photo_A._Muhranoff%2C_2011%29.jpg/350px-Mt_Shkhara_as_seen_from_Khalde_%28Photo_A._Muhranoff%2C_2011%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Mt_Shkhara_as_seen_from_Khalde_%28Photo_A._Muhranoff%2C_2011%29.jpg/467px-Mt_Shkhara_as_seen_from_Khalde_%28Photo_A._Muhranoff%2C_2011%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1276" data-file-height="984" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mount <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shkhara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shkhara (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Shkhara</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgia (country) (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Georgia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84:Closeup_of_large_peak_of_Mount_Ararat.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mount Ararat in Turkey, as viewed from Yerevan, Armenia"><img alt="Mount Ararat in Turkey, as viewed from Yerevan, Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Closeup_of_large_peak_of_Mount_Ararat.jpg/270px-Closeup_of_large_peak_of_Mount_Ararat.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Closeup_of_large_peak_of_Mount_Ararat.jpg/405px-Closeup_of_large_peak_of_Mount_Ararat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Closeup_of_large_peak_of_Mount_Ararat.jpg/540px-Closeup_of_large_peak_of_Mount_Ararat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Ararat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mount Ararat (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Mount Ararat</a> in <a href="/wiki/Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, as viewed from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yerevan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yerevan (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Yerevan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armenia (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Armenia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84:Asbestnaya_Mount,_Adygea,_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F,_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D1%81_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B,_%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%8F,_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Asbestnaya Mount and Acheshbok Mount, Russia"><img alt="Asbestnaya Mount and Acheshbok Mount, Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Asbestnaya_Mount%2C_Adygea%2C_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F%2C_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D1%81_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B%2C_%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%8F%2C_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7.jpg/271px-Asbestnaya_Mount%2C_Adygea%2C_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F%2C_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D1%81_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B%2C_%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%8F%2C_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" 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href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84:Bolshoy_Tkhach_nature_park,_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%A2%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%87,_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F,_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bolshoy Tkhach Park, Russia"><img alt="Bolshoy Tkhach Park, Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Bolshoy_Tkhach_nature_park%2C_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%A2%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%87%2C_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F%2C_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7.jpg/271px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Bolshoy_Tkhach_nature_park%2C_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%A2%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%87%2C_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F%2C_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7.jpg/407px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Bolshoy_Tkhach_nature_park%2C_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%A2%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%87%2C_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F%2C_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7.jpg/542px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bolshoy Tkhach Park, Russia</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="پڻ_ڏسو"><span id=".D9.BE.DA.BB_.DA.8F.D8.B3.D9.88"></span>پڻ ڏسو</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2&action=edit&section=7" title="هيءُ حصو ترميميو: پڻ ڏسو"><span>سنواريو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="خارجي_لنڪس"><span id=".D8.AE.D8.A7.D8.B1.D8.AC.D9.8A_.D9.84.D9.86.DA.AA.D8.B3"></span>خارجي لنڪس</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2&action=edit&section=8" title="هيءُ حصو ترميميو: خارجي لنڪس"><span>سنواريو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small" style="border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="Search Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Search Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""> <small>وڪيميڊيا العام ۾ <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:قفقاز">قفقاز </a></b></i> سان لاڳاپيل ابلاغي مواد ڏسو. </small> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view.php?id=57190">"Caucasus Mountains"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA_Earth_Observatory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NASA Earth Observatory (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">NASA Earth Observatory</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsd.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2&rft.atitle=Caucasus+Mountains&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA+Earth+Observatory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvisibleearth.nasa.gov%2Fview.php%3Fid%3D57190&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peaklist.org/WWlists/ultras/CaucasusP1500m.html">"List of the most prominent mountains in the Caucasus"</a>. <i>Peaklist.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsd.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2&rft.atitle=List+of+the+most+prominent+mountains+in+the+Caucasus&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Peaklist.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peaklist.org%2FWWlists%2Fultras%2FCaucasusP1500m.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201024001057/https://caucasusmountains.info/">"What to see in Caucasus Mountains"</a> (tourism promotion / commercial). وقت 2020-10-24 تي <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://caucasusmountains.info/">اصل</a> کان آرڪائيو ٿيل<span class="reference-accessdate">. حاصل ڪيل <span class="nowrap">2021-09-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsd.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2&rft.btitle=What+to+see+in+Caucasus+Mountains&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcaucasusmountains.info%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%AF:%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B31_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%B1%D8%B2#parameter_ignored" class="mw-redirect" title="مدد:سي ايس1 ايررز">مدد</a>)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r276450">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%BD%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%BF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%BD%D9%8A_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84" title="ورچوئل انٽرنيشنل اٿارٽي فائل">وي آءِ اي ايف</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/242526666">242526666</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%B9%DA%AA%D8%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="واسطيدار اختياري عڪس (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">جي اين ڊي</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4030090-0">4030090-0</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AC%D9%87%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%DA%86%D9%8A%DA%AA_%D8%AC%D9%8A_%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%84_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="جهموريا چيڪ جي نيشنل لائبريري (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">اين ڪي سي</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge129555&CON_LNG=ENG">ge129555</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="حوالا"><span id=".D8.AD.D9.88.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.A7"></span>حوالا</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2&action=edit&section=9" title="هيءُ حصو ترميميو: حوالا"><span>سنواريو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-otm-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-otm_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%86%D9%88:Cite_opentopomap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="سانچو:Cite opentopomap (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">سانچو:Cite opentopomap</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Philip, H.; Cisternas, A.; Gvishiani, A.; Gorshkov, A. (1 April 1989). "The Caucasus". <i>Tectnophysics</i> <b>161</b> (1–2): 1–21. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0040-1951%2889%2990297-7">10.1016/0040-1951(89)90297-7</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989Tectp.161....1P">1989Tectp.161....1P</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Caucasus&rft.jtitle=Tectnophysics&rft.aulast=Philip&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.au=Philip%2C%26%2332%3BH.&rft.au=Cisternas%2C%26%2332%3BA.&rft.au=Gvishiani%2C%26%2332%3BA.&rft.au=Gorshkov%2C%26%2332%3BA.&rft.date=1+April+1989&rft.volume=161&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=1%E2%80%9321&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2F0040-1951%2889%2990297-7&rft_id=info:bibcode/1989Tectp.161....1P&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/3603/mt-elbrus">Mt. </a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Stokes, Chris R (2011). Singh. ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mKKtQR4T-1MC&pg=PA127"><i>Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers</i></a>. Spring Science & Business Media. p. 127. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:BookSources/9789048126415" title="خاص:BookSources/9789048126415">9789048126415</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mKKtQR4T-1MC&pg=PA127">https://books.google.com/books?id=mKKtQR4T-1MC&pg=PA127</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 9 November 2014</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Snow%2C+Ice+and+Glaciers&rft.aulast=Stokes&rft.aufirst=Chris+R&rft.au=Stokes%2C%26%2332%3BChris+R&rft.date=2011&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B127&rft.pub=Spring+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.isbn=9789048126415&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmKKtQR4T-1MC%26pg%3DPA127&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B2%D9%83%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="أحمد زكي باشا (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">أحمد زكي بك</a>، قاموس الجغرافية القديمة، ص 62</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Encyc-Snow-Ice-CaucusMtn2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Encyc-Snow-Ice-CaucusMtn2_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Stokes, Chris R. (2011). Singh, Vijay P.; Haritashya, Umesh K.. eds. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mKKtQR4T-1MC&pg=PA127"><i>Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers</i></a>. Spring Science & Business Media. p. 127. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:BookSources/978-90-481-2641-5" title="خاص:BookSources/978-90-481-2641-5">978-90-481-2641-5</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mKKtQR4T-1MC&pg=PA127">https://books.google.com/books?id=mKKtQR4T-1MC&pg=PA127</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Snow%2C+Ice+and+Glaciers&rft.aulast=Stokes&rft.aufirst=Chris+R.&rft.au=Stokes%2C%26%2332%3BChris+R.&rft.date=2011&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B127&rft.pub=Spring+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.isbn=978-90-481-2641-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmKKtQR4T-1MC%26pg%3DPA127&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181215203743/https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/3603/mt-elbrus">"Mt. Elbrus"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA_Earth_Observatory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NASA Earth Observatory (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">NASA Earth Observatory</a></i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NASA (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">NASA</a>. وقت 15 December 2018 تي <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/3603/mt-elbrus">اصل</a> کان آرڪائيو ٿيل<span class="reference-accessdate">. حاصل ڪيل <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsd.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2&rft.atitle=Mt.+Elbrus&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA+Earth+Observatory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthobservatory.nasa.gov%2Fimages%2F3603%2Fmt-elbrus&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%AF:%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B31_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%B1%D8%B2#parameter_ignored" class="mw-redirect" title="مدد:سي ايس1 ايررز">مدد</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="sd" dir="rtl">حوالي جي چڪ: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; no text was provided for refs named <code>:0</code></span></li> </ol></div> <p><br /><span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="sd" dir="rtl">حوالي جي چڪ: "lower-alpha" نالي جي حوالن جي لاءِ ٽيگ <code><ref></code> آهن، پر لاڳاپيل ٽيگ <code><references group="lower-alpha"/></code> نہ مليو</span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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href="/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88:%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%86%D9%88_%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%AC%D8%A7_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="زمرو:سانچو تبديل جا نادرست اختيار">سانچو تبديل جا نادرست اختيار</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88:Pages_using_infobox_mountain_with_unknown_parameters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="زمرو:Pages using infobox mountain with unknown parameters (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Pages using infobox mountain with unknown parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88:VIAF_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%DA%83%D8%A7%DA%BB%D9%BE_%DA%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%99_%D9%88%DA%AA%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%8A%DA%8A%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%B6%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86" title="زمرو:VIAF سان سڃاڻپ ڪندڙ وڪيپيڊيا مضمون">VIAF سان سڃاڻپ ڪندڙ وڪيپيڊيا مضمون</a></li><li><a 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