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mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Arrangement_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Arrangement (disambiguation)">Arrangement (disambiguation)</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Arranged" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Arraignment" title="Arraignment">arraignment</a>. For for the film, see <a href="/wiki/Arranged_(film)" title="Arranged (film)">Arranged (film)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a>, an <b>arrangement</b> is a musical adaptation of an existing <a href="/wiki/Composition_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Composition (music)">composition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Differences from the original composition may include <a href="/wiki/Harmony_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmony (music)">reharmonization</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musical_phrasing" title="Musical phrasing">melodic paraphrasing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orchestration" title="Orchestration">orchestration</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Musical_form" title="Musical form">formal</a> development. Arranging differs from <a href="/wiki/Orchestration#Orchestration_as_adaptation" title="Orchestration">orchestration</a> in that the latter process is limited to the assignment of notes to instruments for <a href="/wiki/Performance" title="Performance">performance</a> by an <a href="/wiki/Orchestra" title="Orchestra">orchestra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Concert_band" title="Concert band">concert band</a>, or other <a href="/wiki/Musical_ensemble" title="Musical ensemble">musical ensemble</a>. Arranging "involves adding compositional techniques, such as new <a href="/wiki/Theme_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme (music)">thematic material</a> for <a href="/wiki/Introduction_(music)" title="Introduction (music)">introductions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transition_(music)" title="Transition (music)">transitions</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Modulation_(music)" title="Modulation (music)">modulations</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Conclusion_(music)" title="Conclusion (music)">endings</a>. Arranging is the art of giving an existing melody musical variety".<sup id="cite_ref-corozine3_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-corozine3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>, a memorized (unwritten) arrangement of a new or pre-existing composition is known as a <i>head arrangement</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-RCJE_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RCJE-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fliegende_Hollander_Wagner_Sousa_25.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Fliegende_Hollander_Wagner_Sousa_25.jpg/220px-Fliegende_Hollander_Wagner_Sousa_25.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Fliegende_Hollander_Wagner_Sousa_25.jpg/330px-Fliegende_Hollander_Wagner_Sousa_25.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Fliegende_Hollander_Wagner_Sousa_25.jpg/440px-Fliegende_Hollander_Wagner_Sousa_25.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1361"></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa" title="John Philip Sousa">John Philip Sousa</a>'s manuscript arrangement of <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Fliegende_Hollander" class="mw-redirect" title="Der Fliegende Hollander">The Flying Dutchman</a></i> overture (page<i> </i>25 of 37).</figcaption></figure> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Classical_music"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Classical music</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Eighteenth_century"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Eighteenth century</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Nineteenth_and_twentieth_centuries"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Nineteenth and twentieth centuries</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="#Piano_music"><span class="tocnumber">1.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Piano music</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="#Songs"><span class="tocnumber">1.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Songs</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Popular_music"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Popular music</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Jazz"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Jazz</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#For_instrumental_groups"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">For instrumental groups</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Strings"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Strings</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#Size_of_the_string_section"><span class="tocnumber">4.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Size of the string section</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Classical_music">Classical music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Arrangement&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Classical music" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Arrangement and <a href="/wiki/Transcription_(music)" title="Transcription (music)">transcriptions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Art_music" title="Art music">serious music</a> go back to the early history of <a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical music</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eighteenth_century">Eighteenth century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Arrangement&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Eighteenth century" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/J._S._Bach" class="mw-redirect" title="J. S. Bach">J. S. Bach</a> frequently made arrangements of his own and other composers' pieces. One example is the arrangement that he made of the Prelude from his <a href="/wiki/Partita_for_Violin_No._3_(Bach)" title="Partita for Violin No. 3 (Bach)">Partita No.<i> </i>3</a> for solo <a href="/wiki/Violin" title="Violin">violin</a>, BWV<i> </i>1006.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="10" data-mwtitle="Bach_Partita_3_for_Violin_Prelude_01.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Bach_Partita_3_for_Violin_Prelude_01.wav"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/Bach_Partita_3_for_Violin_Prelude_01.wav/Bach_Partita_3_for_Violin_Prelude_01.wav.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/Bach_Partita_3_for_Violin_Prelude_01.wav/Bach_Partita_3_for_Violin_Prelude_01.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Bach_Partita_3_for_Violin_Prelude_01.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source></audio></span><figcaption>Bach Partita 3 for Violin Prelude</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bach_Partita_3_for_Violin_Prelude_02.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Bach_Partita_3_for_Violin_Prelude_02.png/500px-Bach_Partita_3_for_Violin_Prelude_02.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="57" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1690" data-file-height="194"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 500px;height: 57px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Bach_Partita_3_for_Violin_Prelude_02.png/500px-Bach_Partita_3_for_Violin_Prelude_02.png" data-width="500" data-height="57" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Bach_Partita_3_for_Violin_Prelude_02.png/750px-Bach_Partita_3_for_Violin_Prelude_02.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Bach_Partita_3_for_Violin_Prelude_02.png/1000px-Bach_Partita_3_for_Violin_Prelude_02.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Bach Partita 3 for Violin Prelude</figcaption></figure><p> Bach transformed this solo piece into an orchestral <a href="/wiki/Sinfonia" title="Sinfonia">Sinfonia</a> that introduces his <a href="/wiki/Wir_danken_dir,_Gott,_wir_danken_dir,_BWV_29" title="Wir danken dir, Gott, wir danken dir, BWV 29">Cantata BWV29</a>. "The initial violin composition was in E<i> </i>major but both arranged versions are transposed down to D, the better to accommodate the wind instruments".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="11" data-mwtitle="Bach_Cantata_29_Sinfonia_01.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Bach_Cantata_29_Sinfonia_01.wav"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e7/Bach_Cantata_29_Sinfonia_01.wav/Bach_Cantata_29_Sinfonia_01.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e7/Bach_Cantata_29_Sinfonia_01.wav/Bach_Cantata_29_Sinfonia_01.wav.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Bach_Cantata_29_Sinfonia_01.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source></audio></span><figcaption>Bach Cantata 29 Sinfonia</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bach_Cantata_29_Sinfonia_02.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Bach_Cantata_29_Sinfonia_02.png/600px-Bach_Cantata_29_Sinfonia_02.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="390" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1747" data-file-height="1135"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 600px;height: 390px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Bach_Cantata_29_Sinfonia_02.png/600px-Bach_Cantata_29_Sinfonia_02.png" data-width="600" data-height="390" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Bach_Cantata_29_Sinfonia_02.png/900px-Bach_Cantata_29_Sinfonia_02.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Bach_Cantata_29_Sinfonia_02.png/1200px-Bach_Cantata_29_Sinfonia_02.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Bach Cantata 29 Sinfonia</figcaption></figure> <p>"The transformation of material conceived for a single string instrument into a fully orchestrated <a href="/wiki/Concerto" title="Concerto">concerto</a>-type movement is so successful that it is unlikely that anyone hearing the latter for the first time would suspect the existence of the former".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nineteenth_and_twentieth_centuries">Nineteenth and twentieth centuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Arrangement&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Nineteenth and twentieth centuries" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Piano_music">Piano music</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Arrangement&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Piano music" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In particular, music written for the <a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a> has frequently undergone this treatment, as it has been arranged for orchestra, chamber ensemble, or <a href="/wiki/Concert_band" title="Concert band">concert band</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Beethoven" class="mw-redirect" title="Beethoven">Beethoven</a> made an arrangement of his <a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_No._9_(Beethoven)" title="Piano Sonata No. 9 (Beethoven)">Piano Sonata No.<i> </i>9</a> for <a href="/wiki/String_quartet" title="String quartet">string quartet</a>. Conversely, he also arranged his <i><a href="/wiki/Grosse_Fuge" title="Grosse Fuge">Grosse Fuge</a></i> (one of his <a href="/wiki/Late_string_quartets_(Beethoven)" title="Late string quartets (Beethoven)">late string quartets</a>) for <a href="/wiki/Piano_duet" title="Piano duet">piano duet</a>. The American composer <a href="/wiki/George_Gershwin" title="George Gershwin">George Gershwin</a>, due to his own lack of expertise in orchestration, had his <i><a href="/wiki/Rhapsody_in_Blue" title="Rhapsody in Blue">Rhapsody in Blue</a></i> arranged and orchestrated by <a href="/wiki/Ferde_Grof%C3%A9" title="Ferde Grofé">Ferde Grofé</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <p><a href="/wiki/Erik_Satie" title="Erik Satie">Erik Satie</a> wrote his three <i><a href="/wiki/Gymnop%C3%A9dies" title="Gymnopédies">Gymnopédies</a></i> for solo piano in 1888.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_2" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="31" data-mwtitle="Satie_Gymnopedie_No._3_for_piano_solo_01.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Satie_Gymnopedie_No._3_for_piano_solo_01.wav"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e1/Satie_Gymnopedie_No._3_for_piano_solo_01.wav/Satie_Gymnopedie_No._3_for_piano_solo_01.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e1/Satie_Gymnopedie_No._3_for_piano_solo_01.wav/Satie_Gymnopedie_No._3_for_piano_solo_01.wav.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Satie_Gymnopedie_No._3_for_piano_solo_01.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source></audio></span><figcaption>Satie Gymnopedie No.<i> </i>3 for piano solo</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Satie_Gymnopedie_No._3_for_piano_solo_02.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Satie_Gymnopedie_No._3_for_piano_solo_02.png/500px-Satie_Gymnopedie_No._3_for_piano_solo_02.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="229" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1787" data-file-height="819"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 500px;height: 229px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Satie_Gymnopedie_No._3_for_piano_solo_02.png/500px-Satie_Gymnopedie_No._3_for_piano_solo_02.png" data-width="500" data-height="229" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Satie_Gymnopedie_No._3_for_piano_solo_02.png/750px-Satie_Gymnopedie_No._3_for_piano_solo_02.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Satie_Gymnopedie_No._3_for_piano_solo_02.png/1000px-Satie_Gymnopedie_No._3_for_piano_solo_02.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Satie Gymnopedie No. 3 for piano solo</figcaption></figure><p> Eight years later, <a href="/wiki/Debussy" class="mw-redirect" title="Debussy">Debussy</a> arranged two of them, exploiting the range of instrumental <a href="/wiki/Timbres" class="mw-redirect" title="Timbres">timbres</a> available in a late 19th-century orchestra. "It was Debussy whose 1896 orchestrations of the Gymnopédies put their composer on the map."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_3" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="31" data-mwtitle="Debussy_Gymnopedie_1,_arrangement_of_Satie’s_Gymnopedie_3.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Debussy_Gymnopedie_1,_arrangement_of_Satie%E2%80%99s_Gymnopedie_3.wav"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/Debussy_Gymnopedie_1%2C_arrangement_of_Satie%E2%80%99s_Gymnopedie_3.wav/Debussy_Gymnopedie_1%2C_arrangement_of_Satie%E2%80%99s_Gymnopedie_3.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/Debussy_Gymnopedie_1%2C_arrangement_of_Satie%E2%80%99s_Gymnopedie_3.wav/Debussy_Gymnopedie_1%2C_arrangement_of_Satie%E2%80%99s_Gymnopedie_3.wav.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Debussy_Gymnopedie_1%2C_arrangement_of_Satie%E2%80%99s_Gymnopedie_3.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source></audio></span><figcaption>Debussy Gymnopedie 1, arrangement of Satie's Gymnopedie 3.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Debussy_Gymnopedie_1,_arrangement_of_Satie%E2%80%99s_Gymnopedie_3.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Debussy_Gymnopedie_1%2C_arrangement_of_Satie%E2%80%99s_Gymnopedie_3.png/500px-Debussy_Gymnopedie_1%2C_arrangement_of_Satie%E2%80%99s_Gymnopedie_3.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="381" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1820" data-file-height="1388"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 500px;height: 381px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Debussy_Gymnopedie_1%2C_arrangement_of_Satie%E2%80%99s_Gymnopedie_3.png/500px-Debussy_Gymnopedie_1%2C_arrangement_of_Satie%E2%80%99s_Gymnopedie_3.png" data-width="500" data-height="381" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Debussy_Gymnopedie_1%2C_arrangement_of_Satie%E2%80%99s_Gymnopedie_3.png/750px-Debussy_Gymnopedie_1%2C_arrangement_of_Satie%E2%80%99s_Gymnopedie_3.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Debussy_Gymnopedie_1%2C_arrangement_of_Satie%E2%80%99s_Gymnopedie_3.png/1000px-Debussy_Gymnopedie_1%2C_arrangement_of_Satie%E2%80%99s_Gymnopedie_3.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Debussy_Gymnopedie_1,_arrangement_of_Satie%E2%80%99s_Gymnopedie_5.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Debussy_Gymnopedie_1%2C_arrangement_of_Satie%E2%80%99s_Gymnopedie_5.png/500px-Debussy_Gymnopedie_1%2C_arrangement_of_Satie%E2%80%99s_Gymnopedie_5.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="354" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1820" data-file-height="1287"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 500px;height: 354px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Debussy_Gymnopedie_1%2C_arrangement_of_Satie%E2%80%99s_Gymnopedie_5.png/500px-Debussy_Gymnopedie_1%2C_arrangement_of_Satie%E2%80%99s_Gymnopedie_5.png" data-width="500" data-height="354" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Debussy_Gymnopedie_1%2C_arrangement_of_Satie%E2%80%99s_Gymnopedie_5.png/750px-Debussy_Gymnopedie_1%2C_arrangement_of_Satie%E2%80%99s_Gymnopedie_5.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Debussy_Gymnopedie_1%2C_arrangement_of_Satie%E2%80%99s_Gymnopedie_5.png/1000px-Debussy_Gymnopedie_1%2C_arrangement_of_Satie%E2%80%99s_Gymnopedie_5.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Debussy Gymnopedie 1, arrangement of Satie's Gymnopedie 3</figcaption></figure> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Pictures_at_an_Exhibition#Arrangements_and_interpretations" title="Pictures at an Exhibition">Pictures at an Exhibition</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Suite_(music)" title="Suite (music)">suite</a> of ten piano pieces by <a href="/wiki/Modest_Mussorgsky" title="Modest Mussorgsky">Modest Mussorgsky</a>, has been arranged over twenty times, notably by <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Ravel" title="Maurice Ravel">Maurice Ravel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ravel's arrangement demonstrates an "ability to create unexpected, memorable orchestral sonorities".<sup id="cite_ref-Orenstein,_A._2016,_p._VIII_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orenstein,_A._2016,_p._VIII-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the second movement, "Gnomus", Mussorgsky's original piano piece simply repeats the following passage:</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_4" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="10" data-mwtitle="Mussorgsky_Gnomus_original_bars_19-24.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Mussorgsky_Gnomus_original_bars_19-24.wav"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Mussorgsky_Gnomus_original_bars_19-24.wav/Mussorgsky_Gnomus_original_bars_19-24.wav.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Mussorgsky_Gnomus_original_bars_19-24.wav/Mussorgsky_Gnomus_original_bars_19-24.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Mussorgsky_Gnomus_original_bars_19-24.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source></audio></span><figcaption>Mussorgsky Gnomus original bars<i> </i>19-24</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mussorgsky_Gnomus_original_bars_19-25.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Mussorgsky_Gnomus_original_bars_19-25.png/500px-Mussorgsky_Gnomus_original_bars_19-25.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="126" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="425"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 500px;height: 126px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Mussorgsky_Gnomus_original_bars_19-25.png/500px-Mussorgsky_Gnomus_original_bars_19-25.png" data-width="500" data-height="126" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Mussorgsky_Gnomus_original_bars_19-25.png/750px-Mussorgsky_Gnomus_original_bars_19-25.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Mussorgsky_Gnomus_original_bars_19-25.png/1000px-Mussorgsky_Gnomus_original_bars_19-25.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Mussorgsky "Gnomus", original bars<i> </i>19–25</figcaption></figure><p>Ravel initially orchestrates it as follows:</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_5" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="10" data-mwtitle="Mussorgsky-Ravel_Gnomus_bars_19-24,_first_orchestraion_01.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Mussorgsky-Ravel_Gnomus_bars_19-24,_first_orchestraion_01.wav"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/Mussorgsky-Ravel_Gnomus_bars_19-24%2C_first_orchestraion_01.wav/Mussorgsky-Ravel_Gnomus_bars_19-24%2C_first_orchestraion_01.wav.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/Mussorgsky-Ravel_Gnomus_bars_19-24%2C_first_orchestraion_01.wav/Mussorgsky-Ravel_Gnomus_bars_19-24%2C_first_orchestraion_01.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Mussorgsky-Ravel_Gnomus_bars_19-24%2C_first_orchestraion_01.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source></audio></span><figcaption>Mussorgsky-Ravel "Gnomus", first orchestration</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mussorgsky-Ravel_Gnomus_bars_19-24,_first_orchestraion_02.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Mussorgsky-Ravel_Gnomus_bars_19-24%2C_first_orchestraion_02.png/500px-Mussorgsky-Ravel_Gnomus_bars_19-24%2C_first_orchestraion_02.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="467" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1725" data-file-height="1611"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 500px;height: 467px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Mussorgsky-Ravel_Gnomus_bars_19-24%2C_first_orchestraion_02.png/500px-Mussorgsky-Ravel_Gnomus_bars_19-24%2C_first_orchestraion_02.png" data-width="500" data-height="467" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Mussorgsky-Ravel_Gnomus_bars_19-24%2C_first_orchestraion_02.png/750px-Mussorgsky-Ravel_Gnomus_bars_19-24%2C_first_orchestraion_02.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Mussorgsky-Ravel_Gnomus_bars_19-24%2C_first_orchestraion_02.png/1000px-Mussorgsky-Ravel_Gnomus_bars_19-24%2C_first_orchestraion_02.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Mussorgsky-Ravel "Gnomus", first orchestration</figcaption></figure><p> Repeating the passage, Ravel provides a fresh orchestration "this time with the <a href="/wiki/Celesta" title="Celesta">celesta</a> (replacing the <a href="/wiki/Woodwind_instrument" title="Woodwind instrument">woodwinds</a>) accompanied by string <a href="/wiki/Glissando" title="Glissando">glissandos</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Fingerboard" title="Fingerboard">fingerboard</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Orenstein,_A._2016,_p._VIII_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orenstein,_A._2016,_p._VIII-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_6" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="11" data-mwtitle="Mussorgsky-Ravel_Gnomus_bars_19-24,_first_orchestration_03.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Mussorgsky-Ravel_Gnomus_bars_19-24,_first_orchestration_03.wav"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/79/Mussorgsky-Ravel_Gnomus_bars_19-24%2C_first_orchestration_03.wav/Mussorgsky-Ravel_Gnomus_bars_19-24%2C_first_orchestration_03.wav.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/79/Mussorgsky-Ravel_Gnomus_bars_19-24%2C_first_orchestration_03.wav/Mussorgsky-Ravel_Gnomus_bars_19-24%2C_first_orchestration_03.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Mussorgsky-Ravel_Gnomus_bars_19-24%2C_first_orchestration_03.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source></audio></span><figcaption>Mussorgsky-Ravel Gnomus, second orchestration</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mussorgsky-Ravel_Gnomus_bars_19-24,_first_orchestration_04.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Mussorgsky-Ravel_Gnomus_bars_19-24%2C_first_orchestration_04.png/500px-Mussorgsky-Ravel_Gnomus_bars_19-24%2C_first_orchestration_04.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="331" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1726" data-file-height="1142"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 500px;height: 331px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Mussorgsky-Ravel_Gnomus_bars_19-24%2C_first_orchestration_04.png/500px-Mussorgsky-Ravel_Gnomus_bars_19-24%2C_first_orchestration_04.png" data-width="500" data-height="331" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Mussorgsky-Ravel_Gnomus_bars_19-24%2C_first_orchestration_04.png/750px-Mussorgsky-Ravel_Gnomus_bars_19-24%2C_first_orchestration_04.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Mussorgsky-Ravel_Gnomus_bars_19-24%2C_first_orchestration_04.png/1000px-Mussorgsky-Ravel_Gnomus_bars_19-24%2C_first_orchestration_04.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Mussorgsky-Ravel "Gnomus", second orchestration</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Songs">Songs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Arrangement&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Songs" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><p> A number of <a href="/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert">Franz Schubert</a>'s songs, originally for voice with piano accompaniment, were arranged by other composers. For example, his "highly charged" and "graphic" song "<a href="/wiki/Erlk%C3%B6nig_(Schubert)" title="Erlkönig (Schubert)">Erlkönig</a>" ("The Erl King") has a piano introduction that conveys "unflagging energy" from the start.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_7" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="18" data-mwtitle="Schubert_Erl_King_piano_introduction_01.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Schubert_Erl_King_piano_introduction_01.wav"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/Schubert_Erl_King_piano_introduction_01.wav/Schubert_Erl_King_piano_introduction_01.wav.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/Schubert_Erl_King_piano_introduction_01.wav/Schubert_Erl_King_piano_introduction_01.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Schubert_Erl_King_piano_introduction_01.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source></audio></span><figcaption>Schubert "Erlkönig", piano introduction</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schubert_-_Erlk%C3%B6nig_-_M._1-5.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Schubert_-_Erlk%C3%B6nig_-_M._1-5.svg/500px-Schubert_-_Erlk%C3%B6nig_-_M._1-5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="107" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="213"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 500px;height: 107px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Schubert_-_Erlk%C3%B6nig_-_M._1-5.svg/500px-Schubert_-_Erlk%C3%B6nig_-_M._1-5.svg.png" data-width="500" data-height="107" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Schubert_-_Erlk%C3%B6nig_-_M._1-5.svg/750px-Schubert_-_Erlk%C3%B6nig_-_M._1-5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Schubert_-_Erlk%C3%B6nig_-_M._1-5.svg/1000px-Schubert_-_Erlk%C3%B6nig_-_M._1-5.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Schubert "Erlkönig", piano introduction</figcaption></figure><p> The arrangement of this song by <a href="/wiki/Hector_Berlioz" title="Hector Berlioz">Hector Berlioz</a> uses strings to convey faithfully the driving urgency and threatening atmosphere of the original.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_8" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="18" data-mwtitle="Erl_King_-_Berlioz_version_for_audio_replacement.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Erl_King_-_Berlioz_version_for_audio_replacement.wav"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e6/Erl_King_-_Berlioz_version_for_audio_replacement.wav/Erl_King_-_Berlioz_version_for_audio_replacement.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e6/Erl_King_-_Berlioz_version_for_audio_replacement.wav/Erl_King_-_Berlioz_version_for_audio_replacement.wav.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Erl_King_-_Berlioz_version_for_audio_replacement.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source></audio></span><figcaption>"Erlkönig", arrangement by Berlioz</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Erlkonig,_arrangement_by_Berlioz_02.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Erlkonig%2C_arrangement_by_Berlioz_02.png/500px-Erlkonig%2C_arrangement_by_Berlioz_02.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="412" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1847" data-file-height="1521"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 500px;height: 412px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Erlkonig%2C_arrangement_by_Berlioz_02.png/500px-Erlkonig%2C_arrangement_by_Berlioz_02.png" data-width="500" data-height="412" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Erlkonig%2C_arrangement_by_Berlioz_02.png/750px-Erlkonig%2C_arrangement_by_Berlioz_02.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Erlkonig%2C_arrangement_by_Berlioz_02.png/1000px-Erlkonig%2C_arrangement_by_Berlioz_02.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><p> Berlioz adds colour in bars<i> </i>6–8 through the addition of <a href="/wiki/Woodwind_instrument" title="Woodwind instrument">woodwind</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horn_(instrument)" title="Horn (instrument)">horns</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Timpani" title="Timpani">timpani</a>. With typical flamboyance, Berlioz adds spice to the harmony in bar<i> </i>6 with an E<i> </i>flat in the horn part, creating a <a href="/wiki/Half-diminished_seventh_chord" title="Half-diminished seventh chord">half-diminished seventh chord</a> which is not in Schubert's original piano part.</p><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Erlkonig,_arrangement_by_Berlioz_03.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Erlkonig%2C_arrangement_by_Berlioz_03.png/500px-Erlkonig%2C_arrangement_by_Berlioz_03.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="599" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1849" data-file-height="2214"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 500px;height: 599px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Erlkonig%2C_arrangement_by_Berlioz_03.png/500px-Erlkonig%2C_arrangement_by_Berlioz_03.png" data-width="500" data-height="599" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Erlkonig%2C_arrangement_by_Berlioz_03.png/750px-Erlkonig%2C_arrangement_by_Berlioz_03.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Erlkonig%2C_arrangement_by_Berlioz_03.png/1000px-Erlkonig%2C_arrangement_by_Berlioz_03.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>"Erlkönig", arrangement by Berlioz</figcaption></figure><p> There are subtle differences between this and the arrangement of the song by <a href="/wiki/Franz_Liszt" title="Franz Liszt">Franz Liszt</a>. The upper string sound is thicker, with violins and <a href="/wiki/Viola" title="Viola">violas</a> playing the fierce repeated <a href="/wiki/Octave" title="Octave">octaves</a> in <a href="/wiki/Unison" title="Unison">unison</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bassoons" class="mw-redirect" title="Bassoons">bassoons</a> compensating for this by <a href="/wiki/Voicing_(music)#doubling" title="Voicing (music)">doubling</a> the <a href="/wiki/Cellos" class="mw-redirect" title="Cellos">cellos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bass_guitar" title="Bass guitar">basses</a>. There are no timpani, but <a href="/wiki/Trumpets" class="mw-redirect" title="Trumpets">trumpets</a> and horns add a small jolt to the rhythm of the opening bar, reinforcing the bare octaves of the <a href="/wiki/String_(music)" title="String (music)">strings</a> by playing on the second main beat.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_9" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="18" data-mwtitle="Erl_King_-_arrangement_by_Liszt_opening_bars_01.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Erl_King_-_arrangement_by_Liszt_opening_bars_01.wav"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b1/Erl_King_-_arrangement_by_Liszt_opening_bars_01.wav/Erl_King_-_arrangement_by_Liszt_opening_bars_01.wav.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b1/Erl_King_-_arrangement_by_Liszt_opening_bars_01.wav/Erl_King_-_arrangement_by_Liszt_opening_bars_01.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Erl_King_-_arrangement_by_Liszt_opening_bars_01.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source></audio></span><figcaption>Erl King - arrangement by Liszt opening bars</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Erl_King_-_arrangement_by_Liszt_opening_bars_02.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Erl_King_-_arrangement_by_Liszt_opening_bars_02.png/500px-Erl_King_-_arrangement_by_Liszt_opening_bars_02.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="376" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1892" data-file-height="1422"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 500px;height: 376px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Erl_King_-_arrangement_by_Liszt_opening_bars_02.png/500px-Erl_King_-_arrangement_by_Liszt_opening_bars_02.png" data-width="500" data-height="376" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Erl_King_-_arrangement_by_Liszt_opening_bars_02.png/750px-Erl_King_-_arrangement_by_Liszt_opening_bars_02.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Erl_King_-_arrangement_by_Liszt_opening_bars_02.png/1000px-Erl_King_-_arrangement_by_Liszt_opening_bars_02.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Erl King – arrangement by Liszt, bars<i> </i>1–4</figcaption></figure><p> Unlike Berlioz, Liszt does not alter the harmony, but changes the emphasis somewhat in bar<i> </i>6, with the note A in the <a href="/wiki/Oboe" title="Oboe">oboes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clarinet" title="Clarinet">clarinets</a> grating against rather than blending with the G in the strings.</p><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Erl_King_-_arrangement_by_Liszt_bars_5-8.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Erl_King_-_arrangement_by_Liszt_bars_5-8.png/500px-Erl_King_-_arrangement_by_Liszt_bars_5-8.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="454" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1738" data-file-height="1578"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 500px;height: 454px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Erl_King_-_arrangement_by_Liszt_bars_5-8.png/500px-Erl_King_-_arrangement_by_Liszt_bars_5-8.png" data-width="500" data-height="454" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Erl_King_-_arrangement_by_Liszt_bars_5-8.png/750px-Erl_King_-_arrangement_by_Liszt_bars_5-8.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Erl_King_-_arrangement_by_Liszt_bars_5-8.png/1000px-Erl_King_-_arrangement_by_Liszt_bars_5-8.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Erl King – arrangement by Liszt, bars<i> </i>5–8</figcaption></figure> <p>"Schubert has come in for his fair share of transcriptions and arrangements. Most, like Liszt's transcriptions of the <a href="/wiki/Lied" title="Lied">Lieder</a> or Berlioz's orchestration for <i>Erlkönig</i>, tell us more about the arranger that about the original composer, but they can be diverting so long as they are in no way a replacement for the original".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <p><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler">Gustav Mahler</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Lieder_eines_fahrenden_Gesellen" title="Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen">Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen</a></i> ("Songs of a Wayfarer") were originally written for voice with piano accompaniment. The composer's later arrangement of the piano part shows a typical ear for clarity and transparency in rewriting for an ensemble. Below is the original piano version of the closing bars of the second song, "Gieng heit' Morgen über's Feld".</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_10" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="20" data-mwtitle="Mahler_Gieng_heut'_Morgen_uber's_feld_final_bars_piano_version_for_audio_01.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Mahler_Gieng_heut%27_Morgen_uber%27s_feld_final_bars_piano_version_for_audio_01.wav"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/Mahler_Gieng_heut%27_Morgen_uber%27s_feld_final_bars_piano_version_for_audio_01.wav/Mahler_Gieng_heut%27_Morgen_uber%27s_feld_final_bars_piano_version_for_audio_01.wav.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/Mahler_Gieng_heut%27_Morgen_uber%27s_feld_final_bars_piano_version_for_audio_01.wav/Mahler_Gieng_heut%27_Morgen_uber%27s_feld_final_bars_piano_version_for_audio_01.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Mahler_Gieng_heut%27_Morgen_uber%27s_feld_final_bars_piano_version_for_audio_01.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source></audio></span><figcaption>Mahler Gieng heut' Morgen uber's feld final bars of the piano version</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahler_Gieng_heut%27_Morgen_uber%27s_feld_final_bars_of_the_piano_version.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Mahler_Gieng_heut%27_Morgen_uber%27s_feld_final_bars_of_the_piano_version.png/500px-Mahler_Gieng_heut%27_Morgen_uber%27s_feld_final_bars_of_the_piano_version.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="112" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1811" data-file-height="404"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 500px;height: 112px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Mahler_Gieng_heut%27_Morgen_uber%27s_feld_final_bars_of_the_piano_version.png/500px-Mahler_Gieng_heut%27_Morgen_uber%27s_feld_final_bars_of_the_piano_version.png" data-width="500" data-height="112" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Mahler_Gieng_heut%27_Morgen_uber%27s_feld_final_bars_of_the_piano_version.png/750px-Mahler_Gieng_heut%27_Morgen_uber%27s_feld_final_bars_of_the_piano_version.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Mahler_Gieng_heut%27_Morgen_uber%27s_feld_final_bars_of_the_piano_version.png/1000px-Mahler_Gieng_heut%27_Morgen_uber%27s_feld_final_bars_of_the_piano_version.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Mahler "Gieng heut' Morgen uber's feld", final bars of the piano version</figcaption></figure><p> The orchestration shows Mahler's attention to detail in bringing out differentiated orchestral <a href="/wiki/Timbre" title="Timbre">colours</a> supplied by woodwind, strings and horn. He uses a <a href="/wiki/Harp" title="Harp">harp</a> to convey the original <a href="/wiki/Arpeggio" title="Arpeggio">arpeggios</a> supplied by the left hand of the piano part. He also extracts a descending <a href="/wiki/Chromatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromatic">chromatic</a> melodic line, implied by the left hand in bars<i> </i>2–4 (above), and gives it to the horn.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_11" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="20" data-mwtitle="Mahler_Gieng_heut'_Morgen_uber's_feld_final_bars_of_the_orcherstral_arrangement.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Mahler_Gieng_heut%27_Morgen_uber%27s_feld_final_bars_of_the_orcherstral_arrangement.wav"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c2/Mahler_Gieng_heut%27_Morgen_uber%27s_feld_final_bars_of_the_orcherstral_arrangement.wav/Mahler_Gieng_heut%27_Morgen_uber%27s_feld_final_bars_of_the_orcherstral_arrangement.wav.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c2/Mahler_Gieng_heut%27_Morgen_uber%27s_feld_final_bars_of_the_orcherstral_arrangement.wav/Mahler_Gieng_heut%27_Morgen_uber%27s_feld_final_bars_of_the_orcherstral_arrangement.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Mahler_Gieng_heut%27_Morgen_uber%27s_feld_final_bars_of_the_orcherstral_arrangement.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source></audio></span><figcaption>Mahler Gieng heut' Morgen uber's feld final bars of the orchestral arrangement</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahler_Gieng_heut%27_Morgen_uber%27s_feld_final_bars_of_the_orchestral_arrangement.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Mahler_Gieng_heut%27_Morgen_uber%27s_feld_final_bars_of_the_orchestral_arrangement.png/500px-Mahler_Gieng_heut%27_Morgen_uber%27s_feld_final_bars_of_the_orchestral_arrangement.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="437" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="1547"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 500px;height: 437px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Mahler_Gieng_heut%27_Morgen_uber%27s_feld_final_bars_of_the_orchestral_arrangement.png/500px-Mahler_Gieng_heut%27_Morgen_uber%27s_feld_final_bars_of_the_orchestral_arrangement.png" data-width="500" data-height="437" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Mahler_Gieng_heut%27_Morgen_uber%27s_feld_final_bars_of_the_orchestral_arrangement.png/750px-Mahler_Gieng_heut%27_Morgen_uber%27s_feld_final_bars_of_the_orchestral_arrangement.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Mahler_Gieng_heut%27_Morgen_uber%27s_feld_final_bars_of_the_orchestral_arrangement.png/1000px-Mahler_Gieng_heut%27_Morgen_uber%27s_feld_final_bars_of_the_orchestral_arrangement.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Mahler "Gieng heut' Morgen uber's feld", final bars of the orchestral arrangement</figcaption></figure> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Popular_music">Popular music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Arrangement&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Popular music" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p><a href="/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">Popular music</a> recordings often include parts for <a href="/wiki/Brass_instrument" title="Brass instrument">brass</a> <a href="/wiki/Horn_section" title="Horn section">horn sections</a>, <a href="/wiki/String_orchestra" title="String orchestra">bowed strings</a>, and other instruments that were added by arrangers and not composed by the original <a href="/wiki/Songwriter" title="Songwriter">songwriters</a>. Some pop arrangers even add sections using full <a href="/wiki/Orchestra" title="Orchestra">orchestra</a>, though this is less common due to the expense involved. Popular music arrangements may also be considered to include <a href="/wiki/Reissue" title="Reissue">new releases of existing songs</a> with a new musical treatment. These changes can include alterations to <a href="/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo">tempo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meter_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Meter (music)">meter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Key_(music)" title="Key (music)">key</a>, <a href="/wiki/Instrumentation_(music)" title="Instrumentation (music)">instrumentation</a>, and other musical elements. </p><p>Well known examples include <a href="/wiki/Joe_Cocker" title="Joe Cocker">Joe Cocker</a>'s version of <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a>' "<a href="/wiki/With_a_Little_Help_from_My_Friends" title="With a Little Help from My Friends">With a Little Help from My Friends</a>", <a href="/wiki/Cream_(band)" title="Cream (band)">Cream</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Cross_Road_Blues" title="Cross Road Blues">Crossroads</a>", and <a href="/wiki/Ike_Turner" title="Ike Turner">Ike and Tina Turner</a>'s version of <a href="/wiki/Creedence_Clearwater_Revival" title="Creedence Clearwater Revival">Creedence Clearwater Revival</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Proud_Mary" title="Proud Mary">Proud Mary</a>". The American group <a href="/wiki/Vanilla_Fudge" title="Vanilla Fudge">Vanilla Fudge</a> and the British group <a href="/wiki/Yes_(band)" title="Yes (band)">Yes</a> based their early careers on radical rearrangements of <a href="/wiki/Hit_single" class="mw-redirect" title="Hit single">contemporary hits</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bonnie Pointer performed <a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">disco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Motown_sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Motown sound">Motown</a>-styled versions of "<a href="/wiki/Heaven_Must_Have_Sent_You" title="Heaven Must Have Sent You">Heaven Must Have Sent You</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Remix" title="Remix">Remixes</a>, such as in <a href="/wiki/Dance_music" title="Dance music">dance music</a>, can also be considered arrangements.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Jazz">Jazz</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Arrangement&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Jazz" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_arrangers" title="List of jazz arrangers">List of jazz arrangers</a></div><p>Arrangements for small <a href="/wiki/Jazz_band" title="Jazz band">jazz combos</a> are usually informal, minimal, and uncredited. Larger ensembles have generally had greater requirements for notated arrangements, though the early <a href="/wiki/Count_Basie" title="Count Basie">Count Basie</a> <a href="/wiki/Big_band" title="Big band">big band</a> is known for its many <i>head</i> arrangements, so called because they were worked out by the players themselves, memorized ("in the player's <i>head</i>"), and never written down.<sup id="cite_ref-randel294_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-randel294-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most arrangements for big bands, however, were written down and credited to a specific arranger, as with arrangements by <a href="/wiki/Sammy_Nestico" title="Sammy Nestico">Sammy Nestico</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neal_Hefti" title="Neal Hefti">Neal Hefti</a> for Count Basie's later big bands.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Don_Redman" title="Don Redman">Don Redman</a> made innovations in jazz arranging as a part of <a href="/wiki/Fletcher_Henderson" title="Fletcher Henderson">Fletcher Henderson</a>'s orchestra in the 1920s. Redman's arrangements introduced a more intricate melodic presentation and <i>soli</i> performances for various sections of the big band.<sup id="cite_ref-fletcher_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fletcher-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Benny_Carter" title="Benny Carter">Benny Carter</a> became Henderson's primary arranger in the early 1930s, becoming known for his arranging abilities in addition to his previous recognition as a performer.<sup id="cite_ref-fletcher_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fletcher-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beginning in 1938, <a href="/wiki/Billy_Strayhorn" title="Billy Strayhorn">Billy Strayhorn</a> became an arranger of great renown for the <a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington" title="Duke Ellington">Duke Ellington</a> orchestra. <a href="/wiki/Jelly_Roll_Morton" title="Jelly Roll Morton">Jelly Roll Morton</a> is sometimes considered the earliest jazz arranger. While he toured around the years 1912 to 1915, he wrote down parts to enable "<a href="/wiki/Pickup_group" title="Pickup group">pickup bands</a>" to perform his compositions. </p><p>Big-band arrangements are informally called <i>charts</i>. In the swing era they were usually either arrangements of popular songs or they were entirely new compositions.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Duke Ellington's and <a href="/wiki/Billy_Strayhorn" title="Billy Strayhorn">Billy Strayhorn</a>'s arrangements for the Duke Ellington big band were usually new compositions, and some of <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Sauter" title="Eddie Sauter">Eddie Sauter</a>'s arrangements for the <a href="/wiki/Benny_Goodman" title="Benny Goodman">Benny Goodman</a> band and <a href="/wiki/Artie_Shaw" title="Artie Shaw">Artie Shaw</a>'s arrangements for his own band were new compositions as well. It became more common to arrange sketchy jazz combo compositions for big band after the bop era.<sup id="cite_ref-Bailey_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bailey-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After 1950, the big bands declined in number. However, several bands continued and arrangers provided renowned arrangements. <a href="/wiki/Gil_Evans" title="Gil Evans">Gil Evans</a> wrote a number of large-ensemble arrangements in the late 1950s and early 1960s intended for recording sessions only. Other arrangers of note include <a href="/wiki/Vic_Schoen" title="Vic Schoen">Vic Schoen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pete_Rugolo" title="Pete Rugolo">Pete Rugolo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Nelson" title="Oliver Nelson">Oliver Nelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Richards" title="Johnny Richards">Johnny Richards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billy_May" title="Billy May">Billy May</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thad_Jones" title="Thad Jones">Thad Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Schneider_(musician)" title="Maria Schneider (musician)">Maria Schneider</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Brookmeyer" title="Bob Brookmeyer">Bob Brookmeyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lou_Marini" title="Lou Marini">Lou Marini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Riddle" title="Nelson Riddle">Nelson Riddle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Burns" title="Ralph Burns">Ralph Burns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billy_Byers" title="Billy Byers">Billy Byers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Jenkins" title="Gordon Jenkins">Gordon Jenkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ray_Conniff" title="Ray Conniff">Ray Conniff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Mancini" title="Henry Mancini">Henry Mancini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ray_Reach" title="Ray Reach">Ray Reach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vince_Mendoza" title="Vince Mendoza">Vince Mendoza</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Claus_Ogerman" title="Claus Ogerman">Claus Ogerman</a>. </p><p>In the 21st century, the big-band arrangement has made a modest comeback. <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Goodwin" title="Gordon Goodwin">Gordon Goodwin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roy_Hargrove" title="Roy Hargrove">Roy Hargrove</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Christian_McBride" title="Christian McBride">Christian McBride</a> have all rolled out <a href="/wiki/New_Big_Band" title="New Big Band">new big bands</a> with both original compositions and new arrangements of standard tunes.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="For_instrumental_groups">For instrumental groups</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Arrangement&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: For instrumental groups" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Strings">Strings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Arrangement&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Strings" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/String_section" title="String section">string section</a> is a body of instruments composed of various bowed stringed instruments. By the 19th century <a href="/wiki/Orchestral_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchestral music">orchestral music</a> in Europe had standardized the string section into the following homogeneous instrumental groups: first <a href="/wiki/Violin" title="Violin">violins</a>, second violins (the same instrument as the first violins, but typically playing an <a href="/wiki/Accompaniment" title="Accompaniment">accompaniment</a> or <a href="/wiki/Harmony_part" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmony part">harmony part</a> to the first violins, and often at a lower pitch range), <a href="/wiki/Viola" title="Viola">violas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cello" title="Cello">cellos</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Double_bass" title="Double bass">double basses</a>. The string section in a multi-sectioned orchestra is sometimes referred to as the "string choir".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Harp" title="Harp">harp</a> is also a stringed instrument, but is not a member of nor <a href="/wiki/Homogeneous" class="mw-redirect" title="Homogeneous">homogeneous</a> with the violin family, and is not considered part of the string choir. <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Adler_(composer)" title="Samuel Adler (composer)">Samuel Adler</a> classifies the <a href="/wiki/Harp" title="Harp">harp</a> as a plucked string instrument in the same category as the <a href="/wiki/Guitar" title="Guitar">guitar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Acoustic_guitar" title="Acoustic guitar">acoustic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Electric_guitar" title="Electric guitar">electric</a>), <a href="/wiki/Mandolin" title="Mandolin">mandolin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banjo" title="Banjo">banjo</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Zither" title="Zither">zither</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like the harp, these instruments do not belong to the violin family and are not homogeneous with the string choir. In modern arranging these instruments are considered part of the rhythm section. The <a href="/wiki/Electric_bass" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric bass">electric bass</a> and upright string bass—depending on the circumstance—can be treated by the arranger as either string section or <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_section" title="Rhythm section">rhythm section</a> instruments.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A group of instruments in which each member plays a unique part—rather than playing in unison with other like instruments—is referred to as a <a href="/wiki/Chamber_music" title="Chamber music">chamber ensemble</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A chamber ensemble made up entirely of strings of the violin family is referred to by its size. A <a href="/wiki/String_trio" title="String trio">string trio</a> consists of three players, a string quartet four, a <a href="/wiki/String_quintet" title="String quintet">string quintet</a> five, and so on. </p><p>In most circumstances the string section is treated by the arranger as one homogeneous unit and its members are required to play preconceived material rather than <a href="/wiki/Musical_improvisation" title="Musical improvisation">improvise</a>. </p><p>A string section can be utilized on its own (this is referred to as a string orchestra)<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or in conjunction with any of the other instrumental sections. More than one string orchestra can be utilized. </p><p>A standard string section (vln., vln 2., vla., vcl, cb.) with each section playing unison allows the arranger to create a five-part texture. Often an arranger will divide each violin section in half or thirds to achieve a denser texture. It is possible to carry this division to its logical extreme in which each member of the string section plays his or her own unique part. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Size_of_the_string_section">Size of the string section</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Arrangement&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Size of the string section" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Artistic, budgetary and logistical concerns, including the size of the orchestra pit or hall will determine the size and instrumentation of a string section. The <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a> <a href="/wiki/Musical_theatre" title="Musical theatre">musical</a> <i><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story" title="West Side Story">West Side Story</a></i>, in 1957, was booked into the Winter Garden theater; composer <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a> disliked the playing of "house" viola players he would have to use there, and so he chose to leave them out of the show's instrumentation; a benefit was the creation of more space in the pit for an expanded percussion section.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/George_Martin" title="George Martin">George Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Producer_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Producer (music)">producer</a> and arranger for <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a>, warns arrangers about the <a href="/wiki/Intonation_(music)" title="Intonation (music)">intonation</a> problems when only two like instruments play in unison: "After a string quartet, I do not think there is a satisfactory sound for strings until one has at least three players on each line . . . as a rule two stringed instruments together create a slight 'beat' which does not give a smooth sound."<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Different music directors may use different numbers of string players and different balances between the sections to create different musical effects. </p><p>While any combination and number of string instruments is possible in a section, a traditional string section sound is achieved with a violin-heavy balance of instruments. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Suggested string section sizes </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Reference </th> <th>Author </th> <th>Section size </th> <th>Violins </th> <th>Violas </th> <th>Celli </th> <th>Basses </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5">"Arranged By Nelson Riddle"<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="5">Nelson Riddle </td> <td>12 players </td> <td>8 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 players </td> <td>9 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 players </td> <td>10 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 players </td> <td>12 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>30 players </td> <td>18 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">"The Contemporary Arranger"<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="4">Don Sebesky </td> <td>9 players </td> <td>7 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 players </td> <td>8 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 players </td> <td>12 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 players </td> <td>12 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> </tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Arrangement&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Author </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>Inside the score: A detailed analysis of 8 classic jazz ensemble charts by Sammy Nestico, Thad Jones and Bob Brookmeyer</i> </td> <td>Rayburn Wright </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Sounds and Scores: A Practical Guide to Professional Orchestration</i> </td> <td>Henry Mancini </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>The Contemporary Arranger</i> </td> <td>Don Sebesky </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>The Study of Orchestration</i> </td> <td>Samuel Adler </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Arranged by Nelson Riddle</i> </td> <td>Nelson Riddle </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Instrumental Jazz Arranging: A Comprehensive and Practical Guide</i> </td> <td>Mike Tomaro </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Modern Jazz Voicings: Arranging for Small and Medium Ensemble</i> </td> <td>Ted Pease, Ken Pullig </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Arranging for Large Jazz Ensemble</i> </td> <td>Ted Pease, Dick Lowell </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Arranging concepts complete: the ultimate arranging course for today's music</i> </td> <td>Dick Grove </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>The complete arranger</i> </td> <td>Sammy Nestico </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Arranging Songs: How to Put the Parts Together</i> </td> <td>Rikky Rooksby </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Arrangement&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transcription_(music)" title="Transcription (music)">Transcription (music)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instrumentation_(music)" title="Instrumentation (music)">Instrumentation (music)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestration" title="Orchestration">Orchestration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reduction_(music)" title="Reduction (music)">Reduction (music)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_notation" title="Musical notation">Musical notation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_setting" title="Musical setting">Musical setting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Music_Arrangers_and_Composers" title="American Society of Music Arrangers and Composers">American Society of Music Arrangers and Composers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_keyboard" title="Electronic keyboard">Electronic keyboard</a> (or Electronic Music Arranger), which allows for live music arrangement</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_music_arrangers" title="List of music arrangers">List of music arrangers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_arrangers" title="List of jazz arrangers">List of jazz arrangers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_arrangers" title="Category:Music arrangers">Category:Music arrangers</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Arrangement&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/art/arrangement">"Arrangement"</a>. <i>Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Arrangement&rft.btitle=Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fart%2Farrangement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrangement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-corozine3-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-corozine3_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Corozine 2002, p. 3)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RCJE-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RCJE_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCook2005" class="citation book cs1">Cook, Richard (2005). <i>Richard Cook's Jazz Encyclopedia</i>. London: Penguin Books. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-141-02646-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-141-02646-6"><bdi>978-0-141-02646-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Richard+Cook%27s+Jazz+Encyclopedia&rft.place=London&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-141-02646-6&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrangement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mincham, J. (2016) the Cantatas of Johan Sebastian Bach. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.jsbachcantatas.com/documents/chapter-85-bwv-29/">http://www.jsbachcantatas.com/documents/chapter-85-bwv-29/</a> Retrieved 31 August 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mincham, J. (2016), <i>The Cantatas of Johann Sebastian Bach</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.jsbachcantatas.com/documents/chapter-85-bwv-29/">http://www.jsbachcantatas.com/documents/chapter-85-bwv-29/</a> Retrieved 31 August 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/36011/arrangement">Arrangement</a>, Encyclopædia Britannica online</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Greenberg, Rodney. <i>George Gershwin</i>, p. 66. Phaidon Press, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7148-3504-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7148-3504-8">0-7148-3504-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Taruskin, R. (2010, p. 70) <i>The Oxford History of Western Music, Music in the early Twentieth Century</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pictures_at_an_Exhibition#orchestral_arrangements" title="Pictures at an Exhibition">Partial list of orchestral arrangements to Pictures at an Exhibition</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Orenstein,_A._2016,_p._VIII-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Orenstein,_A._2016,_p._VIII_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Orenstein,_A._2016,_p._VIII_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Orenstein, A. (2016, p. VIII. Preface to <i>Mussorgsky-Ravel, Pictures at an Exhibition</i>. Miniature score, London, Eulenburg.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Newbould, B. (1997, p. 57) <i>Schubert: the Music and the Man</i>. London, Gollancz.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Newbould, B. (1997, p. 467) <i>Schubert: the Music and the Man</i>. London, Gollancz.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.classicbands.com/vanilla.html">Vanilla Fudge covers</a> (classic bands website)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Close To the Edge – The Story of Yes</i>, Chris Welch, Omnibus Press, 1999/2003/2008 pages 33-34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0688460/bio">Bonnie Pointer bio</a> (<a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a> website)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=raLmAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT47"><i>The Remix Manual: The Art and Science of Dance Music Remixing with Logic</i></a>, Simon Langford (Elsevier, 2011, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-240-81458-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-240-81458-2">978-0-240-81458-2</a>) page 47</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-randel294-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-randel294_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Randel 2002, p. 294</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jazzinamerica.org/jazzresources/stylesheets/9">Swing music history</a> and the big bands (Jazz in America website)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fletcher-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fletcher_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fletcher_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/jazz/biography/artist_id_henderson_fletcher.htm">"JAZZ A Film By Ken Burns: Selected Artist Biography - Fletcher Henderson"</a>. PBS. 25 September 1934<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JAZZ+A+Film+By+Ken+Burns%3A+Selected+Artist+Biography+-+Fletcher+Henderson&rft.pub=PBS&rft.date=1934-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fjazz%2Fbiography%2Fartist_id_henderson_fletcher.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrangement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Giddins, Gary & Scott DeVeaux (2009). <i>Jazz</i>. New York: W.W. Norton & Co, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-06861-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-06861-0">978-0-393-06861-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bailey-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bailey_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBailey2008" class="citation web cs1">Bailey, C. Michael (11 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/article.php?id=28959&pg=1">"Miles Davis, Miles Smiles, and the Invention of Post Bop"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/All_About_Jazz" title="All About Jazz">All About Jazz</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=All+About+Jazz&rft.atitle=Miles+Davis%2C+Miles+Smiles%2C+and+the+Invention+of+Post+Bop&rft.date=2008-04-11&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=C.+Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allaboutjazz.com%2Fphp%2Farticle.php%3Fid%3D28959%26pg%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrangement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/culturemonster/2012/02/grammy-awards-2012-carrington-and-corea-among-jazz-winners.html">Carrington and Correa Among Jazz Winners</a>" – LATimes Blog, Feb. 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdler2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Adler_(composer)" title="Samuel Adler (composer)">Adler, Samuel</a> (2002). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/studyorchestrati00adle_503"><i>The Study of Orchestration</i></a></span>. New York: W. W. Norton. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/studyorchestrati00adle_503/page/n121">111</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780393975727" title="Special:BookSources/9780393975727"><bdi>9780393975727</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Study+of+Orchestration&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=111&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780393975727&rft.aulast=Adler&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstudyorchestrati00adle_503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrangement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdler2002" class="citation book cs1">Adler, Samuel (2002). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/studyorchestrati00adle_503"><i>The Study of Orchestration</i></a></span>. New York: W. W. Norton. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/studyorchestrati00adle_503/page/n99">89</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780393975727" title="Special:BookSources/9780393975727"><bdi>9780393975727</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Study+of+Orchestration&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780393975727&rft.aulast=Adler&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstudyorchestrati00adle_503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrangement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSebesky1975" class="citation book cs1">Sebesky, Don (1975). <i>The Contemporary Arranger</i>. New York: Alfred Pub. p. 117.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Contemporary+Arranger&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=Alfred+Pub.&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Sebesky&rft.aufirst=Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrangement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/05379?q=chamber+music&hbutton_search.x=0&hbutton_search.y=0&hbutton_search=search&source=omo_epm&source=omo_t237&source=omo_gmo&source=omo_t114&search=quick&pos=1&_start=1">"Oxford Music Online"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oxford+Music+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordmusiconline.com%2Fsubscriber%2Farticle%2Fgrove%2Fmusic%2F05379%3Fq%3Dchamber%2Bmusic%26hbutton_search.x%3D0%26hbutton_search.y%3D0%26hbutton_search%3Dsearch%26source%3Domo_epm%26source%3Domo_t237%26source%3Domo_gmo%26source%3Domo_t114%26search%3Dquick%26pos%3D1%26_start%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrangement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/string-orchestra">"String orchestra"</a>. <i>Collins English Dictionary</i> (11th ed.)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=String+orchestra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fstring-orchestra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrangement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurton" class="citation web cs1">Burton, Humphrey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629180202/http://www.westsidestory.com/site/level2/archives/bibliography/bibliography.html">"Leonard Bernstein by Humphrey Burton, Chapter 26"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westsidestory.com/site/level2/archives/bibliography/bibliography.html">the original</a> on 29 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Leonard+Bernstein+by+Humphrey+Burton%2C+Chapter+26&rft.aulast=Burton&rft.aufirst=Humphrey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.westsidestory.com%2Fsite%2Flevel2%2Farchives%2Fbibliography%2Fbibliography.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrangement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin1983" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Martin" title="George Martin">Martin, George</a> (1983). <i>Making Music: the Guide to Writing, Performing & Recording</i>. New York: W. Morrow. p. 82.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+Music%3A+the+Guide+to+Writing%2C+Performing+%26+Recording&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=82&rft.pub=W.+Morrow&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrangement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiddle1985" class="citation book cs1">Riddle, Nelson (1985). <i>Arranged By Nelson Riddle</i>. Secaucus, NJ: Warner Brothers Publications Inc. p. 124.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arranged+By+Nelson+Riddle&rft.place=Secaucus%2C+NJ&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=Warner+Brothers+Publications+Inc.&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Riddle&rft.aufirst=Nelson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrangement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSebesky1975" class="citation book cs1">Sebesky, Don (1975). <i>The Contemporary Arranger</i>. New York: Alfred Pub. pp. 127–129.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Contemporary+Arranger&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=127-129&rft.pub=Alfred+Pub.&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Sebesky&rft.aufirst=Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrangement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <dl><dt>Sources</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Corozine" class="citation book cs1">Corozine, Vince (2002). <i>Arranging Music for the Real World: Classical and Commercial Aspects</i>. Pacific, MO: Mel Bay. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7866-4961-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7866-4961-5"><bdi>0-7866-4961-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/50470629">50470629</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arranging+Music+for+the+Real+World%3A+Classical+and+Commercial+Aspects&rft.place=Pacific%2C+MO&rft.pub=Mel+Bay&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F50470629&rft.isbn=0-7866-4961-5&rft.aulast=Corozine&rft.aufirst=Vince&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrangement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Kers, Robert de (1944). <i>Harmonie et orchestration pour orchestra de danse</i>. Bruxelles: Éditions musicales C. Bens. vii, 126 p.</li> <li>Kidd, Jim (1987). <i>Unsung Heroes, the Jazz Arrangers, from Don Redman to Sy Oliver: [text with recorded examples for a presentation] Prepared on the Occasion of the 16th Annual Canadian Collectors' Congress, 25 April 1987, Toronto, Ont.</i> Toronto: Canadian Collectors' Congress. Photo-reproduced text ([6] leaves) with audiocassette of recorded illustrative musical examples.</li> <li>Randel, Don Michael (2002). <i>The Harvard Concise Dictionary of Music and Musicians</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-00978-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-00978-9">0-674-00978-9</a>.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Arrangement&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul><li>An oral history of pop music arranging, compiled by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Niles" title="Richard Niles">Richard Niles</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wEFHOt9AaWs">Part 1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B30tJK76xfY">Part 2</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bpx2Xyni91Y">Part 3</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=mobile" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arrangement&oldid=1249283524">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arrangement&oldid=1249283524</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Arrangement&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Fgnievinski" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1728013523"> <span>Last edited on 4 October 2024, at 03:45</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B9_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A" title="توزيع موسيقي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توزيع موسيقي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aranjiman" title="Aranjiman – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Aranjiman" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Аранжимент – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Аранжимент" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arranjament" title="Arranjament – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Arranjament" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B8" title="Аранжи – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Аранжи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aran%C5%BEm%C3%A1_(hudba)" title="Aranžmá (hudba) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Aranžmá (hudba)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrangement" title="Arrangement – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Arrangement" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arran%C5%BEeering" title="Arranžeering – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Arranžeering" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arreglo_(m%C3%BAsica)" title="Arreglo (música) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arreglo (música)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aran%C4%9Do_(muziko)" title="Aranĝo (muziko) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aranĝo (muziko)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%DB%8C%D9%85_(%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C)" title="تنظیم (موسیقی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تنظیم (موسیقی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrangement_(musique)" title="Arrangement (musique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Arrangement (musique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arranxo" title="Arranxo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Arranxo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%B8%EA%B3%A1" title="편곡 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="편곡" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Վերադաշնակում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վերադաշնակում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glazbena_obrada" title="Glazbena obrada – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Glazbena obrada" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aransemen" title="Aransemen – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aransemen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrangiamento" title="Arrangiamento – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Arrangiamento" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99" title="עיבוד מוזיקלי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עיבוד מוזיקלי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9F%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="არანჟირება – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="არანჟირება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upangaji" title="Upangaji – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Upangaji" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aranjvan" title="Aranjvan – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Aranjvan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%DB%8C%D9%85" title="تنظیم – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="تنظیم" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susunan" title="Susunan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Susunan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrangement" title="Arrangement – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Arrangement" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B7%A8%E6%9B%B2" title="編曲 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="編曲" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrangement_i_musikk" title="Arrangement i musikk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Arrangement i musikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aranjirovka" title="Aranjirovka – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Aranjirovka" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aran%C5%BCacja" title="Aranżacja – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Aranżacja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arranjo_(m%C3%BAsica)" title="Arranjo (música) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Arranjo (música)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аранжировка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аранжировка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrangement_(music)" title="Arrangement (music) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Arrangement (music)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovitus_(musiikki)" title="Sovitus (musiikki) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sovitus (musiikki)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrangering" title="Arrangering – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Arrangering" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC_(%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D2%9B%D3%A3)" title="Танзим (мусиқӣ) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Танзим (мусиқӣ)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aranj%C3%B6r" title="Aranjör – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Aranjör" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Аранжування – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Аранжування" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%C3%AAn_kh%C3%BAc" title="Biên khúc – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Biên khúc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B7%A8%E6%9B%B2" title="編曲 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="編曲" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%94%B9%E7%B7%A8%E6%9B%B2" title="改編曲 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="改編曲" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 4 October 2024, at 03:45<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li 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