CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Cue sports - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"57597de4-866f-4f6a-837b-a8cbd49f38d5","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Cue_sports","wgTitle":"Cue sports","wgCurRevisionId":1257497564,"wgRevisionId":1257497564,"wgArticleId":3447,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference","Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2011","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from March 2023","Articles containing Middle French (ca. 1400-1600)-language text", "Articles containing French-language text","Articles containing Italian-language text","Commons link is locally defined","Cue sports","Sports entertainment","French inventions"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Cue_sports","wgRelevantArticleId":3447,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Billiards","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Cue_sports", "wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q3341285","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript" :"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/1674_illustration-The_Billiard_Table.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1425"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/1674_illustration-The_Billiard_Table.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="950"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="760"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Cue sports - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cue_sports"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cue_sports"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Cue_sports rootpage-Cue_sports skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Cue+sports" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Cue+sports" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Cue+sports" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Cue+sports" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_a_sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_a_sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>As a sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_a_sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Equipment</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Equipment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Equipment subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Billiard_balls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Billiard_balls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Billiard balls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Billiard_balls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tables" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tables"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Tables</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tables-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cloth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cloth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Cloth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cloth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rack" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rack"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Rack</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rack-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Cues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mechanical_bridge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mechanical_bridge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Mechanical bridge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mechanical_bridge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chalk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chalk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Chalk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chalk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Major games</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Major_games-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Major games subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Major_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Games_played_on_a_carom_billiards_table" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Games_played_on_a_carom_billiards_table"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Games played on a carom billiards table</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Games_played_on_a_carom_billiards_table-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Straight_rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Straight_rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Straight rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Straight_rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Balkline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Balkline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Balkline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Balkline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cushion_billiards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cushion_billiards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>Cushion billiards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cushion_billiards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Games_played_on_a_pool_table" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Games_played_on_a_pool_table"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Games played on a pool table</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Games_played_on_a_pool_table-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Two-player_or_-team_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Two-player_or_-team_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Two-player or -team games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Two-player_or_-team_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Speed_pool" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Speed_pool"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Speed pool</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Speed_pool-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Games_played_on_a_snooker_table" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Games_played_on_a_snooker_table"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Games played on a snooker table</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Games_played_on_a_snooker_table-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-English_billiards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English_billiards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>English billiards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English_billiards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Snooker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Snooker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span>Snooker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Snooker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_cue_sports_and_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_cue_sports_and_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>List of cue sports and games</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_cue_sports_and_games-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle List of cue sports and games subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_cue_sports_and_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Carom_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carom_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Carom games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carom_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pocket_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pocket_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Pocket games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pocket_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pool_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pool_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Pool games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pool_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-pool_pocket_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-pool_pocket_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2</span> <span>Non-pool pocket games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-pool_pocket_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Snooker_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Snooker_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Snooker games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Snooker_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Games_with_pockets_and_caroms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Games_with_pockets_and_caroms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Games with pockets and caroms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Games_with_pockets_and_caroms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Obstacle_and_target_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obstacle_and_target_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Obstacle and target games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Obstacle_and_target_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disk_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disk_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Disk games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disk_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cueless_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cueless_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Cueless games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cueless_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cue sports</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 86 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-86" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">86 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biljart" title="Biljart – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Biljart" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88" title="بلياردو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بلياردو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billar" title="Billar – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Billar" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilyard" title="Bilyard – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bilyard" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="بیلیارد – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بیلیارد" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhn%CC%82g-ki%C3%BB" title="Chhn̂g-kiû – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chhn̂g-kiû" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Бильярд – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бильярд" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Більярд – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Більярд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Більярд – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Більярд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Билярд – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Билярд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilijar" title="Bilijar – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bilijar" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilhard" title="Bilhard – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bilhard" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billar" title="Billar – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Billar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Бильярд – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Бильярд" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kule%C4%8Dn%C3%ADk" title="Kulečník – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kulečník" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biliards" title="Biliards – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Biliards" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billard" title="Billard – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Billard" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billard" title="Billard – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Billard" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piljard" title="Piljard – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Piljard" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B4%CE%BF" title="Μπιλιάρδο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπιλιάρδο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billar" title="Billar – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Billar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilardo" title="Bilardo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bilardo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billar" title="Billar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Billar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="بیلیارد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بیلیارد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billard" title="Billard – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Billard" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billiard" title="Billiard – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Billiard" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billar" title="Billar – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Billar" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%B9%EA%B5%AC" title="당구 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="당구" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4" title="Բիլիարդ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բիլիարդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="बिलियर्ड्स – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बिलियर्ड्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biljar" title="Biljar – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Biljar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biliardo" title="Biliardo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Biliardo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bola_sodok" title="Bola sodok – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bola sodok" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biliardo" title="Biliardo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Biliardo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%93" title="ביליארד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ביליארד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilyar" title="Bilyar – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bilyar" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ბილიარდი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბილიარდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Бильярд – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бильярд" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biya" title="Biya – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Biya" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%AElard" title="Bîlard – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bîlard" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludus_tudicularis" title="Ludus tudicularis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ludus tudicularis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biljards" title="Biljards – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Biljards" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biliardas" title="Biliardas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Biliardas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bili%C3%A1rd" title="Biliárd – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Biliárd" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Билјард – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Билјард" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="बिलियर्ड्स – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बिलियर्ड्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ბილიარდი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბილიარდი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biliar" title="Biliar – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Biliar" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biljart" title="Biljart – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Biljart" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilj%C3%A4rtn" title="Biljärtn – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Biljärtn" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%93%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A4%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89" title="ビリヤード – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ビリヤード" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biljard" title="Biljard – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Biljard" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilyard" title="Bilyard – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bilyard" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilard" title="Bilard – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bilard" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilhar" title="Bilhar – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bilhar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billiyard" title="Billiyard – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Billiyard" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biliard" title="Biliard – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Biliard" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Бильярд – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бильярд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Бильярд – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Бильярд" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="बिलियर्ड्स्-क्रीडा – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="बिलियर्ड्स्-क्रीडा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cue_sports" title="Cue sports – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cue sports" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilardo" title="Bilardo – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bilardo" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biliardu" title="Biliardu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Biliardu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cue_sports" title="Cue sports – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cue sports" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biliard" title="Biliard – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Biliard" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biljard" title="Biljard – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Biljard" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="بیلیارد – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بیلیارد" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Билијар – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Билијар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biljar" title="Biljar – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Biljar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biliar" title="Biliar – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Biliar" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biljardi" title="Biljardi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Biljardi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biljard" title="Biljard – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Biljard" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilyar" title="Bilyar – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bilyar" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94" title="บิลเลียด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บิลเลียด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Билярд – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Билярд" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilardo" title="Bilardo – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bilardo" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Бильярд – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Бильярд" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Більярд – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Більярд" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A6%D8%B1%DA%88%D8%B2" title="بلیئرڈز – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بلیئرڈز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%C5%82iardo" title="Biłiardo – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Biłiardo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-a" title="Bi-a – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bi-a" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%92%9E%E7%90%83" title="撞球 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="撞球" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AA%AF%E7%90%83" title="檯球 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="檯球" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A1%8C%E7%90%83" title="桌球 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="桌球" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%92%9E%E7%90%83" title="撞球 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="撞球" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bola_sodok" title="Bola sodok – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Bola sodok" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3341285#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cue_sports" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Cue_sports" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cue_sports"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cue_sports"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Cue_sports" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Cue_sports" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&oldid=1257497564" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Cue_sports&id=1257497564&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCue_sports"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCue_sports"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Cue_sports&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Billiards" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3341285" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Billiards&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Billiards">Billiards</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Table games using cues and billiard balls</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Billiards" redirects here. This article covers the word as an umbrella term for cue sports in general. For specific games known as "billiards" and all other uses of the term, see <a href="/wiki/Billiard_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Billiard (disambiguation)">Billiard (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn" style="padding-bottom:0.2em;">Cue sports</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1674_illustration-The_Billiard_Table.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/1674_illustration-The_Billiard_Table.png" decoding="async" width="277" height="329" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="329" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Engraving of an early billiards game with obstacles, targets, and pockets, from <a href="/wiki/Charles_Cotton" title="Charles Cotton">Charles Cotton</a>'s 1674 book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Compleat_Gamester" title="The Compleat Gamester">The Compleat Gamester</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Highest <a href="/wiki/Sports_governing_body" title="Sports governing body">governing body</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Confederation_of_Billiards_Sports" title="World Confederation of Billiards Sports">World Confederation of Billiards Sports</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">First played</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">15th-century Europe, with roots in <a href="/wiki/Ground_billiards" title="Ground billiards">ground billiards</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#eee;">Characteristics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Contact</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">No</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Team members</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Single opponents, doubles or teams</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Mixed-sex_sports" title="Mixed-sex sports">Mixed-sex</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Yes, sometimes in separate leagues/divisions</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Billiard_hall" title="Billiard hall">Indoor</a>, table</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Equipment</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Billiard_ball" title="Billiard ball">Billiard balls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billiard_table" title="Billiard table">billiard table</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cue_stick" title="Cue stick">cue sticks</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Venue</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Billiard_hall" title="Billiard hall">Billiard hall</a> or home <a href="/wiki/Billiard_room" title="Billiard room">billiard room</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#eee;">Presence</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">No</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Games" title="World Games">World Games</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/2001_World_Games" title="2001 World Games">2001</a> – present</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Cue sports</b> are a wide variety of <a href="/wiki/Game_of_skill" title="Game of skill">games of skill</a> played with a <a href="/wiki/Cue_stick" title="Cue stick">cue</a>, which is used to strike <a href="/wiki/Billiard_ball" title="Billiard ball">billiard balls</a> and thereby cause them to move around a <a href="/wiki/Baize" title="Baize">cloth</a>-covered <a href="/wiki/Billiards_table" class="mw-redirect" title="Billiards table">table</a> bounded by elastic bumpers known as <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#cushion" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Cushion" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">cushions</span></a></dfn>. Cue sports are also collectively referred to as <b>billiards</b>, though this term has more specific connotations in some varieties of English. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Interior_view_of_billiard_hall,_Toledo,_Ohio_-_DPLA_-_62921e23b240da7135986598215f8dc8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Interior_view_of_billiard_hall%2C_Toledo%2C_Ohio_-_DPLA_-_62921e23b240da7135986598215f8dc8.jpg/220px-Interior_view_of_billiard_hall%2C_Toledo%2C_Ohio_-_DPLA_-_62921e23b240da7135986598215f8dc8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Interior_view_of_billiard_hall%2C_Toledo%2C_Ohio_-_DPLA_-_62921e23b240da7135986598215f8dc8.jpg/330px-Interior_view_of_billiard_hall%2C_Toledo%2C_Ohio_-_DPLA_-_62921e23b240da7135986598215f8dc8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Interior_view_of_billiard_hall%2C_Toledo%2C_Ohio_-_DPLA_-_62921e23b240da7135986598215f8dc8.jpg/440px-Interior_view_of_billiard_hall%2C_Toledo%2C_Ohio_-_DPLA_-_62921e23b240da7135986598215f8dc8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="894" data-file-height="664" /></a><figcaption>Interior view of a billiard hall in Toledo, Ohio, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1900</span></figcaption></figure> <p>There are three major subdivisions of games within cue sports: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carom_billiards" title="Carom billiards">Carom billiards</a>, played on tables without <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#pocket" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Pocket" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">pockets</span></a></dfn>, typically ten feet in length, including <a href="/wiki/Straight_rail" title="Straight rail">straight rail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balkline" title="Balkline">balkline</a>, <a href="/wiki/One-cushion_carom" class="mw-redirect" title="One-cushion carom">one-cushion carom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Three-cushion_billiards" title="Three-cushion billiards">three-cushion billiards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artistic_billiards" title="Artistic billiards">artistic billiards</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Four-ball_billiards" title="Four-ball billiards">four-ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pool_(cue_sports)" title="Pool (cue sports)">Pocket billiards</a> (or pool), played on six-pocket tables of seven, eight, nine, or ten-foot length, including among others <a href="/wiki/Eight-ball" title="Eight-ball">eight-ball</a> (the world's most widely played cue sport<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>), <a href="/wiki/Nine-ball" title="Nine-ball">nine-ball</a> (the dominant professional game), <a href="/wiki/Ten-ball" title="Ten-ball">ten-ball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Straight_pool" title="Straight pool">straight pool</a> (the formerly dominant pro game), <a href="/wiki/One-pocket" title="One-pocket">one-pocket</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bank_pool" title="Bank pool">bank pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snooker" title="Snooker">Snooker</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_billiards" title="English billiards">English billiards</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Russian_pyramid" title="Russian pyramid">Russian pyramid</a>, played on a large, six-pocket table (dimensions just under 12 ft by 6 ft), all of which are classified separately from pool based on distinct development histories, player culture, rules, and terminology.</li></ul> <p>Billiards has a long history from its inception in the 15th century, with many mentions in the works of <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>, including the line "let's to billiards" in <i><a href="/wiki/Antony_and_Cleopatra" title="Antony and Cleopatra">Antony and Cleopatra</a></i> (1606–07). Enthusiasts of the sport have included <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Mozart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV of France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette" title="Marie Antoinette">Marie Antoinette</a>, <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Twain" title="Mark Twain">Mark Twain</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jules_Gr%C3%A9vy" title="Jules Grévy">Jules Grévy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Armstrong_Custer" title="George Armstrong Custer">George Armstrong Custer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Carroll" title="Lewis Carroll">Lewis Carroll</a>, <a href="/wiki/W._C._Fields" title="W. C. Fields">W. C. Fields</a>, <a href="/wiki/Babe_Ruth" title="Babe Ruth">Babe Ruth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Gleason" title="Jackie Gleason">Jackie Gleason</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Game_of_Billiards_by_Adriaen_Pietersz._van_de_Venne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/A_Game_of_Billiards_by_Adriaen_Pietersz._van_de_Venne.jpg/220px-A_Game_of_Billiards_by_Adriaen_Pietersz._van_de_Venne.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/A_Game_of_Billiards_by_Adriaen_Pietersz._van_de_Venne.jpg/330px-A_Game_of_Billiards_by_Adriaen_Pietersz._van_de_Venne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/A_Game_of_Billiards_by_Adriaen_Pietersz._van_de_Venne.jpg/440px-A_Game_of_Billiards_by_Adriaen_Pietersz._van_de_Venne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1764" data-file-height="1122" /></a><figcaption>Billiards in the 1620s was played with a port, a king pin, pockets, and maces.</figcaption></figure> <p>All cue sports are generally regarded to have evolved into indoor games from outdoor stick-and-ball <a href="/wiki/Lawn_game" title="Lawn game">lawn games</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> specifically those retroactively termed <a href="/wiki/Ground_billiards" title="Ground billiards">ground billiards</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as such to be related to the historical games <a href="/wiki/Jeu_de_mail" title="Jeu de mail">jeu de mail</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palle-malle" class="mw-redirect" title="Palle-malle">palle-malle</a>, and modern <a href="/wiki/Trucco" title="Trucco">trucco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croquet" title="Croquet">croquet</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">golf</a>, and more distantly to the stickless <a href="/wiki/Bocce" title="Bocce">bocce</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bowls_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowls (sport)">bowls</a>. </p><p>The word <i>billiard</i> may have evolved from the French word <span title="Middle French (ca. 1400-1600)-language text"><i lang="frm">billart</i></span> or <span title="Middle French (ca. 1400-1600)-language text"><i lang="frm">billette</i></span>, meaning 'stick', in reference to the <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#mace" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Mace" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">mace</span></a></dfn>, an implement similar to a <a href="/wiki/Golf_club_(equipment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Golf club (equipment)">golf putter</a>, and which was the forerunner to the modern <a href="/wiki/Cue_stick" title="Cue stick">cue</a>; however, the term's origin could have been from French <span title="Middle French (ca. 1400-1600)-language text"><i lang="frm">bille</i></span>, meaning 'ball'.<sup id="cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Everton_1986-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The modern term <i>cue sports</i> can be used to encompass the ancestral mace games, and even the modern cueless variants, such as finger billiards, for historical reasons. <i>Cue</i> itself came from <span title="Middle French (ca. 1400-1600)-language text"><i lang="frm">queue</i></span>, the French word for '<a href="/wiki/Tail" title="Tail">tail</a>'. This refers to the early practice of using the tail or butt of the mace, instead of its club foot, to strike the ball when it lay against a <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#cushion" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Cushion" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">rail cushion</span></a></dfn>.<sup id="cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Everton_1986-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caban%C3%A8s,_%C3%89ducation_de_Princes031_Les_trois_fils_du_Grand_Dauphin,_jouant_au_Jeu_des_Fortifications.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Caban%C3%A8s%2C_%C3%89ducation_de_Princes031_Les_trois_fils_du_Grand_Dauphin%2C_jouant_au_Jeu_des_Fortifications.jpg/220px-Caban%C3%A8s%2C_%C3%89ducation_de_Princes031_Les_trois_fils_du_Grand_Dauphin%2C_jouant_au_Jeu_des_Fortifications.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="336" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Caban%C3%A8s%2C_%C3%89ducation_de_Princes031_Les_trois_fils_du_Grand_Dauphin%2C_jouant_au_Jeu_des_Fortifications.jpg/330px-Caban%C3%A8s%2C_%C3%89ducation_de_Princes031_Les_trois_fils_du_Grand_Dauphin%2C_jouant_au_Jeu_des_Fortifications.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Caban%C3%A8s%2C_%C3%89ducation_de_Princes031_Les_trois_fils_du_Grand_Dauphin%2C_jouant_au_Jeu_des_Fortifications.jpg/440px-Caban%C3%A8s%2C_%C3%89ducation_de_Princes031_Les_trois_fils_du_Grand_Dauphin%2C_jouant_au_Jeu_des_Fortifications.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3220" data-file-height="4912" /></a><figcaption>The sons of <a href="/wiki/Louis,_Grand_Dauphin" title="Louis, Grand Dauphin">Louis, Grand Dauphin</a>, playing the 'royal game of fortifications', an early form of obstacle billiards with similarities to modern <a href="/wiki/Miniature_golf" title="Miniature golf">miniature golf</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A recognizable form of billiards was played outdoors in the 1340s, and was reminiscent of croquet. King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XI_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XI of France">Louis XI of France</a> (1461–1483) had the first known indoor billiard table.<sup id="cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Everton_1986-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV</a> further refined and popularized the game, and it swiftly spread among the French nobility.<sup id="cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Everton_1986-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the game had long been played on the ground, this version appears to have died out (aside from trucco) in the 17th century, in favor of croquet, golf and bowling games, even as table billiards had grown in popularity as an indoor activity.<sup id="cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Everton_1986-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">James VI and I</a> had a "bilzeart burde" covered with green cloth at <a href="/wiki/Holyrood_Palace" title="Holyrood Palace">Holyrood Palace</a> in 1581.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The imprisoned <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Mary, Queen of Scots">Mary, Queen of Scots</a>, had a billiard table at <a href="/wiki/Tutbury_Castle" title="Tutbury Castle">Tutbury Castle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She complained when her <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">table de billiard</i></span> was taken away (by those who eventually became her executioners, who were to cover her body with the table's cloth).<sup id="cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Everton_1986-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 1588 inventory of the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Norfolk" title="Duke of Norfolk">Duke of Norfolk</a>'s estate included a "billyard bord coered with a greene cloth ... three billyard sticks and 11 balls of yvery".<sup id="cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Everton_1986-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Billiards grew to the extent that by 1727, it was being played in almost every Paris café.<sup id="cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Everton_1986-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In England, the game was developing into a very popular activity for members of the gentry.<sup id="cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Everton_1986-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1670, the thin butt end of the mace began to be used not only for shots under the cushion (which itself was originally only there as a preventative method to stop balls from rolling off), but players increasingly preferred it for other shots as well. The footless, straight cue as it is known today was finally developed by about 1800.<sup id="cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Everton_1986-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Initially, the mace was used to push the balls, rather than strike them. The newly developed striking cue provided a new challenge. Cushions began to be stuffed with substances to allow the balls to rebound, in order to enhance the appeal of the game. After a transitional period where only the better players would use cues, the cue came to be the first choice of equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Everton_1986-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The demand for tables and other equipment was initially met in Europe by <a href="/wiki/John_Thurston_(inventor)" title="John Thurston (inventor)">John Thurston</a> and other furniture makers of the era. The early balls were made from wood and <a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clay</a>, but the rich preferred to use <a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Everton_1986-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early billiard games involved various pieces of additional equipment, including the "arch" (related to the croquet hoop), "port" (a different hoop, often rectangular), and "king" (a pin or skittle near the arch) in the early 17th to late 18th century,<sup id="cite_ref-Cotton_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cotton-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Everton_1986-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but other game variants, relying on the cushions (and pockets cut into them), were being formed that would go on to play fundamental roles in the development of modern billiards.<sup id="cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Everton_1986-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Studenten_Billard.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Studenten_Billard.JPG/220px-Studenten_Billard.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Studenten_Billard.JPG/330px-Studenten_Billard.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Studenten_Billard.JPG/440px-Studenten_Billard.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2590" data-file-height="1799" /></a><figcaption>Illustration of a three-ball <a href="/wiki/Pocket_billiards" class="mw-redirect" title="Pocket billiards">pocket billiards</a> game in early 19th century <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCbingen" title="Tübingen">Tübingen</a>, Germany, using a table much longer than the modern type</figcaption></figure> <p>The early croquet-like games eventually led to the development of the <a href="/wiki/Carom_billiards" title="Carom billiards">carom billiards</a> category. These games are played with three or sometimes four balls on a table without holes in which the goal is generally to strike one <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#object_ball" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Object ball" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">object ball</span></a></dfn> with a <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#cue_ball" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Cue ball" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">cue ball</span></a></dfn>, then have the cue ball rebound off of one or more of the cushions and strike a second object ball. Variations include <a href="/wiki/Straight_rail" title="Straight rail">straight rail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balkline" title="Balkline">balkline</a>, <a href="/wiki/One-cushion_billiards" title="One-cushion billiards">one-cushion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Three-cushion_billiards" title="Three-cushion billiards">three-cushion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Five-pins" class="mw-redirect" title="Five-pins">five-pins</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Four-ball_billiards" title="Four-ball billiards">four-ball</a>, among others. </p><p>One type of obstacle remained a feature of many tables, originally as a hazard and later as a target, in the form of <a href="/wiki/Billiards_table#Pocket_billiards_tables" class="mw-redirect" title="Billiards table">pockets</a>, or holes partly cut into the table bed and partly into the cushions, leading to the rise of <a href="/wiki/Pocket_billiards" class="mw-redirect" title="Pocket billiards">pocket billiards</a>, including "pool" games such as eight-ball, nine-ball, straight pool, and <a href="/wiki/One-pocket" title="One-pocket">one-pocket</a>; <a href="/wiki/Russian_pyramid" title="Russian pyramid">Russian pyramid</a>; <a href="/wiki/Snooker" title="Snooker">snooker</a>; <a href="/wiki/English_billiards" title="English billiards">English billiards</a>; and others. </p><p>In the United States, pool and billiards had died out for a bit, but between 1878 and 1956 the games became very popular. Players in annual championships began to receive their own <a href="/wiki/Cigarette_card" title="Cigarette card">cigarette cards</a>. This was mainly due to the fact that it was a popular pastime for troops to take their minds off battle. However, by the end of World War II, pool and billiards began to die down once again. It was not until 1961 when the film <i>The Hustler</i> came out that sparked a new interest in the game. Now the game is generally well-known and has many players of all different skill levels.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_a_sport">As a sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: As a sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The games with regulated international professional competition, if not others, have been referred to as "sports" or "sporting" events, not simply "games", since 1893 at the latest.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTBig_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTBig-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Quite a variety of particular games (i.e., sets of rules and equipment) are the subject of present-day competition, including many of those already mentioned, with competition being especially broad in nine-ball, snooker, three-cushion, and eight-ball. </p><p>Snooker, though a pocket billiards variant and closely related in its equipment and origin to the game of English billiards, is a professional sport organized at an international level, and its rules bear little resemblance to those of modern pool, pyramid, and other such games. </p><p>A "Billiards" category encompassing pool, snooker, and carom has been part of the <a href="/wiki/World_Games" title="World Games">World Games</a> since <a href="/wiki/Cue_sports_at_the_2001_World_Games" title="Cue sports at the 2001 World Games">2001</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Equipment">Equipment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main category: <a href="/wiki/Category:Cue_sports_equipment" title="Category:Cue sports equipment">Cue sports equipment</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Billiard_balls">Billiard balls</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Billiard balls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Billiard_ball" title="Billiard ball">Billiard ball</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Billiard_ball_comparison.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Billiard_ball_comparison.jpg/220px-Billiard_ball_comparison.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Billiard_ball_comparison.jpg/330px-Billiard_ball_comparison.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Billiard_ball_comparison.jpg/440px-Billiard_ball_comparison.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1226" data-file-height="409" /></a><figcaption><dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#cue_ball" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Cue ball" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">Cue balls</span></a></dfn> from left to right: <div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_pyramid" title="Russian pyramid">Russian pool</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kaisa_(billiards)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaisa (billiards)">kaisa</a>—68 mm (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">11</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> in)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Carom_billiards" title="Carom billiards">Carom</a>—61.5 mm (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">7</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> in)</li><li>American-style <a href="/wiki/Pool_(cue_sports)" title="Pool (cue sports)">pool</a>—57.15 mm (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> in)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Snooker" title="Snooker">Snooker</a>—52.5 mm (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> in)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Blackball_(pool)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackball (pool)">Blackball</a> pool—51 mm (2 in)</li></ul></div></figcaption></figure> <p>Billiard balls vary from game to game, in size, design and quantity. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Russian_pyramid" title="Russian pyramid">Russian pyramid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kaisa_(billiards)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaisa (billiards)">kaisa</a> have a size of 68 mm (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">11</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> in). In Russian pyramid there are 16 balls, as in pool, but 15 are white and numbered, and the <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#cue_ball" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § cue ball" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">cue ball</span></a></dfn> is usually red.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In kaisa, five balls are used: the yellow <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#object_ball" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § object ball" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">object ball</span></a></dfn> (called the <i>kaisa</i> in Finnish), two red object balls, and the two white cue balls (usually differentiated by one cue ball having a dot or other marking on it and each of which serves as an object ball for the opponent). </p><p>Carom billiards balls are larger than pool balls, having a diameter of 61.5 mm (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">7</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> in), and come as a set of two cue balls (one colored or marked) and an object ball (or two object balls in the case of the game <a href="/wiki/Four-ball_billiards" title="Four-ball billiards">four-ball</a>). </p><p>Standard pool balls are 57.15 mm (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> in), are used in many pool games found throughout the world, come in sets of two <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#suit" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Suit" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">suits</span></a></dfn> of object balls, seven <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#solids" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Solids" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">solids</span></a></dfn> and seven <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#stripes" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Stripes" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">stripes</span></a></dfn>, an <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#8_ball" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § 8 ball" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">8 ball</span></a></dfn> and a <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#cue_ball" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Cue ball" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">cue ball</span></a></dfn>; the balls are racked differently for different games (some of which do not use the entire ball set). Blackball (English-style eight-ball) sets are similar, but have unmarked <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#group" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Group" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">groups</span></a></dfn> of <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#red_ball" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Red ball" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">red</span></a></dfn> and <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#yellow_ball" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Yellow ball" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">yellow</span></a></dfn> balls instead of solids and stripes, known as "casino" style. They are used principally in Britain, Ireland, and some <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a> countries, though not exclusively, since they are unsuited for playing nine-ball. The diameter varies but is typically slightly smaller than that of standard solids-and-stripes sets. </p><p>Snooker balls are smaller than American-style pool balls with a diameter of 52.5 mm (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> in), and come in sets of 22 (15 reds, 6 "<dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#color_balls" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Color balls" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">colours</span></a></dfn>", and a cue ball). English billiard balls are the same size as snooker balls and come in sets of three balls (two cue balls and a red object ball). Other games, such as <a href="/wiki/Bumper_pool" title="Bumper pool">bumper pool</a>, have custom ball sets. </p><p>Billiard balls have been made from many different materials since the start of the game, including clay, <a href="/wiki/Bakelite" title="Bakelite">bakelite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celluloid" title="Celluloid">celluloid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crystallite" title="Crystallite">crystallite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</a>, plastic, steel and wood. The dominant material from 1627 until the early 20th century was ivory. The search for a substitute for ivory use was not for environmental concerns, but based on economic motivation and fear of danger for elephant hunters. It was in part spurred on by a New York billiard table manufacturer who announced a prize of $10,000 for a substitute material. The first viable substitute was celluloid, invented by <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Hyatt" title="John Wesley Hyatt">John Wesley Hyatt</a> in 1868, but the material was volatile, sometimes exploding during manufacture, and was highly flammable.<sup id="cite_ref-IEOB_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEOB-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tables">Tables</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Tables"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Billiard_table" title="Billiard table">Billiard table</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PoolTablewithEquipment-non.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/PoolTablewithEquipment-non.jpg/220px-PoolTablewithEquipment-non.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/PoolTablewithEquipment-non.jpg/330px-PoolTablewithEquipment-non.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/PoolTablewithEquipment-non.jpg/440px-PoolTablewithEquipment-non.jpg 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>Pool table with equipment</figcaption></figure> <p>There are many sizes and styles of <a href="/wiki/Billiard_table" title="Billiard table">billiard tables</a>. Generally, tables are <a href="/wiki/Rectangle" title="Rectangle">rectangles</a> twice as long as they are wide. Table sizes are typically referred to by the nominal length of their longer dimension. Full-size snooker tables are 12 feet (3.7 m) long. Carom billiards tables are typically 10 feet (3.0 m). Regulation pool tables are 9-foot (2.7 m), though <a href="/wiki/Public_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Public house">pubs</a> and other establishments catering to casual play will typically use 7-foot (2.1 m) tables which are often coin-operated, nicknamed <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#bar_box" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § bar box" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">bar boxes</span></a></dfn>. Formerly, ten-foot pool tables were common, but such tables are now considered antiques. </p><p> High-quality tables have a <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#bed" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § bed" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">bed</span></a></dfn> made of thick slate, in three pieces to prevent warping and changes due to temperature and humidity. The slates on modern carom tables are usually heated to stave off moisture and provide a consistent playing surface. Smaller bar tables are most commonly made with a single piece of slate. Pocket billiards tables of all types normally have six pockets, three on each side (four corner pockets, and two side or middle pockets).</p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cloth">Cloth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cloth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Baize" title="Baize">Baize</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-1880s-billiards-ladies-JMBB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Early-1880s-billiards-ladies-JMBB.jpg/220px-Early-1880s-billiards-ladies-JMBB.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Early-1880s-billiards-ladies-JMBB.jpg/330px-Early-1880s-billiards-ladies-JMBB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Early-1880s-billiards-ladies-JMBB.jpg/440px-Early-1880s-billiards-ladies-JMBB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="963" data-file-height="664" /></a><figcaption>Women playing on an elaborately decorated green-covered table in an early 1880s advertising poster</figcaption></figure> <p>All types of tables are covered with billiard cloth (often called "felt", but actually a woven wool or wool/nylon blend called <a href="/wiki/Baize" title="Baize">baize</a>). Cloth has been used to cover billiards tables since the 15th century. </p><p>Bar or tavern tables, which get a lot of play, use "slower", more durable cloth. The cloth used in upscale <a href="/wiki/Pool_halls" class="mw-redirect" title="Pool halls">pool (and snooker) halls</a> and home <a href="/wiki/Billiard_room" title="Billiard room">billiard rooms</a> is "faster" (i.e., provides less friction, allowing the balls to roll farther across the table <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#bed" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Bed" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">bed</span></a></dfn>), and competition-quality pool cloth is made from 100% <a href="/wiki/Worsted" title="Worsted">worsted wool</a>. Snooker cloth traditionally has a nap (consistent fiber directionality) and balls behave differently when rolling against versus along with the nap. </p><p>The cloth of the billiard table has traditionally been green, reflecting its origin (originally the grass of ancestral lawn games), and has been so colored since at least the 16th century, but it is also produced in other colors such as red and blue.<sup id="cite_ref-Shamos_1991_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shamos_1991-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Television broadcasting of pool as well as 3 Cushion billiards prefers a blue colored cloth which was chosen for better visibility and contrast against colored balls. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rack">Rack</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Rack"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rack_(billiards)" title="Rack (billiards)">Rack (billiards)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Billiard_Rack.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Billiard_Rack.jpg/220px-Billiard_Rack.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Billiard_Rack.jpg/330px-Billiard_Rack.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Billiard_Rack.jpg/440px-Billiard_Rack.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2766" data-file-height="1619" /></a><figcaption>Aluminium billiard rack that is used for 8-ball, 9-ball, and straight pool</figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Rack_(billiards)" title="Rack (billiards)">rack</a> is the name given to a frame (usually wood, plastic or aluminium) used to organize billiard balls at the beginning of a game. This is traditionally triangular in shape, but varies with the type of billiards played. There are two main types of racks; the more common triangular shape which is used for eight-ball and straight pool and the diamond-shaped rack used for nine-ball. </p><p>There are several other types of less common rack types that are also used, based on a "template" to hold the billiard balls tightly together. Most commonly it is a thin plastic sheet with diamond-shaped cut-outs that hold the balls that is placed on the table with the balls set on top of the rack. The rack is used to set up the "break" and removed once the break has been completed and no balls are obstructing the template. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cues">Cues</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cue_stick" title="Cue stick">Cue stick</a></div> <p>Billiards games are mostly played with a stick known as a cue. A cue is usually either a one-piece tapered stick or a two-piece stick divided in the middle by a joint of metal or phenolic resin. High-quality cues are generally two pieces and are made of a hardwood, generally maple for billiards and ash for snooker. </p><p>The <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#butt" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Butt" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">butt</span></a></dfn> end of the cue is of larger circumference and is intended to be gripped by a player's hand. The <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#shaft" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Shaft" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">shaft</span></a></dfn> of the cue is of smaller circumference, usually tapering to an 0.4 to 0.55 inches (10 to 14 mm) terminus called a <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#ferrule" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Ferrule" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">ferrule</span></a></dfn> (usually made of fiberglass or brass in better cues), where a rounded leather <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#tip" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Tip" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">tip</span></a></dfn> is affixed, flush with the ferrule, to make final contact with balls. The tip, in conjunction with chalk, can be used to impart <a href="/wiki/Cue_sports_techniques#Sidespin_(english)" title="Cue sports techniques">spin</a> to the cue ball when it is not hit in its center. </p><p>Cheap cues are generally made of pine, low-grade maple (and formerly often of <a href="/wiki/Gonystylus" title="Gonystylus">ramin</a>, which is now endangered), or other low-quality wood, with inferior plastic ferrules. A quality cue can be expensive and may be made of exotic woods and other expensive materials which are artfully inlaid in decorative patterns. Many modern cues are also made, like <a href="/wiki/Golf_club_(equipment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Golf club (equipment)">golf clubs</a>, with high-tech materials such as woven graphite. Recently, <a href="/wiki/Carbon_fibers" title="Carbon fibers">carbon fiber</a> woven composites have been developed and utilized by top professional players and amateurs. Advantages include less flexibility and no worry of nicks, scratches, or damages to the cue. Skilled players may use more than one cue during a game, including a separate cue with a hard phenolic resin tip for the opening break shot, and another, shorter cue with a special tip for <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#jump_shot" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Jump shot" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">jump shots</span></a></dfn>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mechanical_bridge">Mechanical bridge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Mechanical bridge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The mechanical bridge, sometimes called a "rake", "crutch", "bridge stick" or simply "bridge", and in the UK a "rest", is used to extend a player's reach on a shot where the cue ball is too far away for normal hand bridging. It consists of a stick with a grooved metal or plastic head which the cue slides on. </p><p>Some players, especially current or former snooker players, use a screw-on cue butt extension instead of or in addition to the mechanical bridge. </p><p>Bridge head design is varied, and not all designs (especially those with cue shaft-enclosing rings, or wheels on the bottom of the head), are broadly tournament-approved. </p><p>In Italy, a longer, thicker cue is typically available for this kind of tricky shot. </p><p>For snooker, bridges are normally available in three forms, their use depending on how the player is hampered; the standard rest is a simple cross, the 'spider' has a raised arch around 12 cm with three grooves to rest the cue in and for the most awkward of shots, the 'giraffe' (or 'swan' in England) which has a raised arch much like the 'spider' but with a slender arm reaching out around 15 cm with the groove. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chalk">Chalk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Chalk"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Billiard_Chalk_and_Cue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Billiard_Chalk_and_Cue.jpg/220px-Billiard_Chalk_and_Cue.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Billiard_Chalk_and_Cue.jpg/330px-Billiard_Chalk_and_Cue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Billiard_Chalk_and_Cue.jpg/440px-Billiard_Chalk_and_Cue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Billiard chalk is applied to the tip of the cue.</figcaption></figure><p>Chalk is applied to the tip of the cue stick, ideally before every shot, to increase the tip's friction coefficient so that when it impacts the cue ball on a non-center hit, no <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#miscue" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Miscue" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">miscue</span></a></dfn> (unintentional slippage between the cue tip and the struck ball) occurs. Chalk is an important element to make good shots in pool or <a href="/wiki/Snooker" title="Snooker">snooker</a>. Cue tip chalk is not actually the substance typically referred to as "<a href="/wiki/Chalk" title="Chalk">chalk</a>" (generally <a href="/wiki/Calcium_carbonate" title="Calcium carbonate">calcium carbonate</a>), but any of several proprietary compounds, with a <a href="/wiki/Silicate" title="Silicate">silicate</a> base. It was around the time of the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> that newer compounds formed that provided better grip for the ball. This is when the English began to experiment with side spin or applying curl to the ball. This was shortly introduced to the American players and is how the term "putting English on the ball" came to be. "Chalk" may also refer to a cone of fine, white <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#hand_chalk" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Hand chalk" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">hand chalk</span></a></dfn>; like <a href="/wiki/Talc" title="Talc">talc</a> (talcum powder) it can be used to reduce friction between the cue and bridge hand during shooting, for a smoother stroke. Some brands of hand chalk are made of compressed talc. (Tip chalk is not used for this purpose because it is abrasive, hand-staining and difficult to apply.) Many players prefer a slick pool glove over hand chalk or talc because of the messiness of these powders; buildup of particles on the cloth will affect ball behavior and necessitate more-frequent cloth cleaning. </p><p>Cue tip chalk (invented in its modern form by straight rail billiard pro <a href="/wiki/William_A._Spinks" title="William A. Spinks">William A. Spinks</a> and chemist <a href="/wiki/William_Hoskins_(inventor)" title="William Hoskins (inventor)">William Hoskins</a> in 1897)<sup id="cite_ref-Clark1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clark1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Patent578514_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Patent578514-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is made by crushing <a href="/wiki/Silica" class="mw-redirect" title="Silica">silica</a> and the abrasive substance <a href="/wiki/Corundum" title="Corundum">corundum</a> or aloxite<sup id="cite_ref-Patent578514_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Patent578514-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (aluminium <a href="/wiki/Oxide" title="Oxide">oxide</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-Chem1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chem1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PubChem_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PubChem-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> into a powder.<sup id="cite_ref-Patent578514_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Patent578514-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is combined with dye (originally and most commonly green or blue-green, like traditional <a href="/wiki/Baize" title="Baize">billiard cloth</a>, but available today, like the cloth, in many colours) and a binder (glue).<sup id="cite_ref-Patent578514_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Patent578514-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each manufacturer's brand has different qualities, which can significantly affect play. High humidity can also impair the effectiveness of chalk. Harder, drier compounds are generally considered superior by most players. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_games">Major games</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Major games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are two main varieties of billiard games: <b>carom</b> and <b>pocket</b>. </p><p>The main carom billiards games are <a href="/wiki/Straight_rail" title="Straight rail">straight rail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balkline" title="Balkline">balkline</a> and <a href="/wiki/Three_cushion" class="mw-redirect" title="Three cushion">three cushion</a> billiards. All are played on a pocketless table with three balls; two cue balls and one object ball. In all, players shoot a cue ball so that it makes contact with the opponent's cue ball as well as the object ball. Others of multinational interest are <a href="/wiki/Four-ball_billiards" title="Four-ball billiards">four-ball</a> and <a href="/wiki/Five-pins" class="mw-redirect" title="Five-pins">five-pins</a>. </p><p>The most globally popular of the large variety of pocket games are <a href="/wiki/Pool_(cue_sports)" title="Pool (cue sports)">pool</a> and <a href="/wiki/Snooker" title="Snooker">snooker</a>. A third, <a href="/wiki/English_billiards" title="English billiards">English billiards</a>, has some features of carom billiards. English billiards used to be one of the two most-competitive cue sports along with the carom game balkline, at the turn of the 20th century and is still enjoyed today in <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a> countries. Another pocket game, <a href="/wiki/Russian_pyramid" title="Russian pyramid">Russian pyramid</a> and its variants like <a href="/wiki/Kaisa_(billiards)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaisa (billiards)">kaisa</a> are popular in the former <a href="/wiki/Eastern_bloc" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern bloc">Eastern bloc</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Games_played_on_a_carom_billiards_table">Games played on a carom billiards table</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Games played on a carom billiards table"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Carom_billiards" title="Carom billiards">Carom billiards</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Straight_rail">Straight rail</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Straight rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Straight_rail" title="Straight rail">straight rail</a></div> <p>In straight rail, a player scores a point and may continue shooting each time his cue ball makes contact with both other balls. Some of the best players of straight billiards developed the skill to <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#gather_shot" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Gather shot" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">gather</span></a></dfn> the balls in a corner or along the same rail for the purpose of playing a series of <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#nurse" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Nurse" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">nurse shots</span></a></dfn> to score a seemingly limitless number of points. </p><p>The first straight rail professional tournament was held in 1879 where <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Schaefer_Sr." title="Jacob Schaefer Sr.">Jacob Schaefer Sr.</a> scored 690 points in a single turn<sup id="cite_ref-Shamos_1991_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shamos_1991-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2011)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> (that is, 690 separate strokes without a miss). With the balls repetitively hit and barely moving in endless "nursing", there was little for the fans to watch. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Balkline">Balkline</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Balkline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Balkline" title="Balkline">Balkline</a></div> <p>In light of these skill developments in straight rail, the game of balkline soon developed to make it impossible for a player to keep the balls gathered in one part of the table for long, greatly limiting the effectiveness of nurse shots. A <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#balkline" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Balkline" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">balkline</span></a></dfn> is a line parallel to one end of a billiards table. In the game of balkline, the players have to drive at least one object ball past a balkline parallel to each rail after a specified number of points have been scored. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cushion_billiards">Cushion billiards</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Cushion billiards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/One-cushion_caroms" class="mw-redirect" title="One-cushion caroms">one-cushion caroms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Three-cushion_billiards" title="Three-cushion billiards">three-cushion billiards</a></div> <p>Another solution was to require a player's cue ball to make contact with the rail cushions in the process of contacting the other balls. This in turn saw the three-cushion version emerge, where the cue ball must make three separate cushion contacts during a shot. This is difficult enough that even the best players can only manage to average one to two points per turn. This is sometimes described as "hardest to learn" and "require most skill" of all billiards. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cue_and_mace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Cue_and_mace.jpg/220px-Cue_and_mace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Cue_and_mace.jpg/330px-Cue_and_mace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Cue_and_mace.jpg/440px-Cue_and_mace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="794" data-file-height="521" /></a><figcaption>Man playing billiards with a cue and a woman with mace, from an illustration appearing in <a href="/wiki/Michael_Phelan_(billiards)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Phelan (billiards)">Michael Phelan</a>'s 1859 book, <i>The Game of Billiards</i></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Games_played_on_a_pool_table">Games played on a pool table</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Games played on a pool table"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pool_(cue_sports)" title="Pool (cue sports)">Pool (cue sports)</a></div> <p>There are many variations of games played on a standard pool table. Popular pool games include <a href="/wiki/Eight-ball" title="Eight-ball">eight-ball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nine-ball" title="Nine-ball">nine-ball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Straight_pool" title="Straight pool">straight pool</a> and <a href="/wiki/One-pocket" title="One-pocket">one-pocket</a>. Even within games types (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Eight-ball" title="Eight-ball">eight-ball</a>), there may be variations, and people may play recreationally using relaxed or local rules. A few of the more popular examples of pool games are given below. </p><p>In eight-ball and nine-ball, the object is to sink object balls until one can legally pocket the winning <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eponym" class="extiw" title="wikt:eponym">eponymous</a> "<dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#money_ball" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Money ball" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">money ball</span></a></dfn>". Well-known but waning in popularity is straight pool, in which players seek to continue sinking balls, rack after rack if they can, to reach a pre-determined winning score (typically 150). Related to nine-ball, another well-known game is <a href="/wiki/Rotation_(pool)" title="Rotation (pool)">rotation</a>, where the lowest-numbered object ball on the table must be struck first, although any object ball may be pocketed (i.e., combination shot). Each pocketed ball is worth its number, and the player with the highest score at the end of the rack is the winner. Since there are only 120 points available (1 + 2 + 3 ⋯ + 15 = 120), scoring 61 points leaves no opportunity for the opponent to catch up. In both one-pocket and bank pool, the players must sink a set number of balls; respectively, all in a particular <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#pocket" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Pocket" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">pocket</span></a></dfn>, or all by <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#bank_shot" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Bank shot" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">bank shots</span></a></dfn>. In snooker, players score points by alternately potting <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#red_ball" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Red ball" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">red balls</span></a></dfn> and various special "<dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#colour_ball" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Colour ball" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">colour balls</span></a></dfn>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Two-player_or_-team_games">Two-player or -team games</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Two-player or -team games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eight-ball" title="Eight-ball">Eight-ball</a>: The goal is to <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#pocket" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § pocket" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">pocket</span></a></dfn> (<dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#pot" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § pot" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">pot</span></a></dfn>) all of one's designated <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#group" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § group" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">group</span></a></dfn> of balls (either <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#stripes" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § stripes" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">stripes</span></a></dfn> vs. <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#solids" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § solids" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">solids</span></a></dfn>, or <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#red_ball" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § red ball" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">reds</span></a></dfn> vs. <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#yellow_ball" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § yellow ball" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">yellows</span></a></dfn>, depending upon the equipment), and then pocket the <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#8_ball" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § 8 ball" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">8 ball</span></a></dfn> in a <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#call_shot" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § call shot" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">called</span></a></dfn> pocket.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine-ball" title="Nine-ball">Nine-ball</a>: The goal is to pocket the 9 ball; the initial contact of the <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#cue_ball" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § cue ball" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">cue ball</span></a></dfn> each turn must be with the lowest-numbered <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#object_ball" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § object ball" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">object ball</span></a></dfn> remaining on the table; there are numerous variants such as <a href="/wiki/Seven-ball" title="Seven-ball">seven-ball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Six-ball" class="mw-redirect" title="Six-ball">six-ball</a>, and the older forms of three-ball and ten-ball, that simply use a different number of balls and have a different <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#money_ball" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § money ball" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">money ball</span></a></dfn>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_pool" title="Straight pool">Straight pool</a> (a.k.a. 14.1 continuous pool): The goal is to reach a predetermined number of <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#point" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § point" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">points</span></a></dfn> (e.g. 100); a point is earned by pocketing any called ball into a designated pocket; game play is by <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#rack" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § rack" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">racks</span></a></dfn> of 15 balls, and the last object ball of a rack is not pocketed, but left on the table with the opponent re-racking the remaining 14 before game play continues.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_pool" title="Bank pool">Bank pool</a>: The goal is to reach a predetermined number of points; a point is earned by pocketing any called ball by <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#bank_shot" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § bank shot" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">banking</span></a></dfn> it into a designated pocket using one or more <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#cushion" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § cushion" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">cushion</span></a></dfn>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Speed_pool">Speed pool</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Speed pool"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Speed_pool" title="Speed pool">Speed pool</a> is a standard billiards game where the balls must be pocketed in as little time as possible. Rules vary greatly from tournament to tournament. The <a href="/wiki/International_Speed_Pool_Challenge" title="International Speed Pool Challenge">International Speed Pool Challenge</a> has been held annually since 2006. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Games_played_on_a_snooker_table">Games played on a snooker table</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Games played on a snooker table"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="English_billiards">English billiards</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: English billiards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/English_billiards" title="English billiards">English billiards</a></div> <p>Dating to approximately 1800, English billiards, called simply billiards<sup id="cite_ref-Everton_1986_other_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Everton_1986_other-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in many <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">former British colonies</a> and in the UK where it originated, was originally called the <i>winning and losing carambole game</i>, folding in the names of three predecessor games, <i>the winning game</i>, <i>the losing game</i> and <i>the carambole game</i> (an early form of <a href="/wiki/Straight_rail" title="Straight rail">straight rail</a>), that combined to form it.<sup id="cite_ref-Shamos_1999_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shamos_1999-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The game features both <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#cannon" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § cannon" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">cannons</span></a></dfn> (caroms) and the pocketing of balls as objects of play. English billiards requires two <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#cue_ball" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Cue ball" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">cue balls</span></a></dfn> and a red <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#object_ball" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Object ball" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">object ball</span></a></dfn>. The object of the game is to score either a fixed number of points, or score the most points within a set time frame, determined at the start of the game. </p><p>Points are awarded for: </p> <ul><li>Two-ball cannons: striking both the object ball and the other (opponent's) cue ball on the same shot (2 points).</li> <li>Winning hazards: <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#pot" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Pot" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">potting</span></a></dfn> the red ball (3 points); potting the other cue ball (2 points).</li> <li><dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#losing_hazard" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Losing hazard" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">Losing hazards</span></a></dfn> (or "in-offs"): potting one's cue ball by cannoning off another ball (3 points if the red ball was hit first; 2 points if the other cue ball was hit first, or if the red and other cue ball were "<dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#split" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Split" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">split</span></a></dfn>", i.e., hit simultaneously).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Snooker">Snooker</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Snooker"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Snooker" title="Snooker">Snooker</a></div> <p>Snooker is a pocket billiards game originated by <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_Army" title="History of the British Army">British officers</a> stationed in <a href="/wiki/Colonial_India" title="Colonial India">India</a> during the 19th century, based on earlier pool games such as black pool and life pool. The name of the game became generalized to also describe one of its prime strategies: to "<dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#snooker" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Snooker" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">snooker</span></a></dfn>" the opposing player by causing that player to foul or leave an opening to be exploited. </p><p>In the United Kingdom, snooker is by far the most popular cue sport at the competitive level, and major national pastime along with association football and <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a>. It is played in many <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a> countries as well, and in areas of Asia, becoming increasingly popular in China in particular. Snooker is uncommon in North America, where pool games such as eight-ball and nine-ball dominate, and Latin America and <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">Continental Europe</a>, where carom games dominate. The first <a href="/wiki/World_Snooker_Championship" title="World Snooker Championship">World Snooker Championship</a> was held in 1927, and it has been held annually since then with few exceptions. The <a href="/wiki/World_Professional_Billiards_and_Snooker_Association" title="World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association">World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association</a> (WPBSA) was established in 1968 to regulate the professional game, while the <a href="/wiki/International_Billiards_and_Snooker_Federation" title="International Billiards and Snooker Federation">International Billiards and Snooker Federation</a> (IBSF) regulates the amateur games. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_cue_sports_and_games">List of cue sports and games</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: List of cue sports and games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="List_of_cue_sports"></span><span class="anchor" id="List_of_cue_games"></span><span class="anchor" id="List_of_cue_games_and_sports"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Carom_games">Carom games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Carom games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Carom_billiards_games"></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Carom_billiards" title="Carom billiards">Carom billiards</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_billiards" title="Artistic billiards">Artistic billiards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkline" title="Balkline">Balkline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-ball_billiards" title="Four-ball billiards">Four-ball billiards</a> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><i>yotsudama</i></i></span>, <span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn"><i>sagu</i></i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-cushion_billiards" title="One-cushion billiards">One-cushion billiards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_rail" title="Straight rail">Straight rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-cushion_billiards" title="Three-cushion billiards">Three-cushion billiards</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pocket_games">Pocket games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Pocket games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Pocket_billiards_games"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pool_games">Pool games</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Pool games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Pool_billiards_games"></span><span class="anchor" id="Pool_pocket_billiards_games"></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main category: <a href="/wiki/Category:Pool_(cue_sports)" title="Category:Pool (cue sports)">Pool (cue sports)</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_rotation" class="mw-redirect" title="American rotation">American rotation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_pool" class="mw-redirect" title="Artistic pool">Artistic pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_pool" title="Bank pool">Bank pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_pocket_billiards" title="Baseball pocket billiards">Baseball pocket billiards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowlliards" title="Bowlliards">Bowlliards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_(pool)" title="Chicago (pool)">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cribbage_(pool)" title="Cribbage (pool)">Cribbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutthroat_(pool)" title="Cutthroat (pool)">Cutthroat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight-ball" title="Eight-ball">Eight-ball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackball_(pool)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackball (pool)">Blackball</a> (a.k.a. eightball pool, British-style eight-ball)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_eight-ball" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese eight-ball">Chinese eight-ball</a></li></ul></li> <li>Equal offense</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifteen-ball_pool" title="Fifteen-ball pool">Fifteen-ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honolulu_(pool)" title="Honolulu (pool)">Honolulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_pool" title="Kelly pool">Kelly pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killer_(pool)" title="Killer (pool)">Killer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine-ball" title="Nine-ball">Nine-ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-pocket" title="One-pocket">One-pocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotation_(pool)" title="Rotation (pool)">Rotation</a> (a.k.a. 61)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven-ball" title="Seven-ball">Seven-ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_pool" title="Speed pool">Speed pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_pool" title="Straight pool">Straight pool</a> (a.k.a. 14.1 continuous)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten-ball" title="Ten-ball">Ten-ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-ball" title="Three-ball">Three-ball</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Non-pool_pocket_games">Non-pool pocket games</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Non-pool pocket games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Non-pool_games"></span><span class="anchor" id="Non-pool_pocket_billiards_games"></span> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golf_(billiards)" title="Golf (billiards)">Golf billiards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_pyramid" title="Russian pyramid">Russian pyramid</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Snooker_games">Snooker games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Snooker games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Snooker"></span> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Snooker" title="Snooker">Snooker</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Six-red_snooker" title="Six-red snooker">Six-red snooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_snooker" title="American snooker">American snooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_snooker" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian snooker">Brazilian snooker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volunteer_snooker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volunteer snooker (page does not exist)">Volunteer snooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snooker_plus" class="mw-redirect" title="Snooker plus">Snooker plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Snooker" title="Power Snooker">Power Snooker</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Games_with_pockets_and_caroms">Games with pockets and caroms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Games with pockets and caroms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Hybrid_games"></span><span class="anchor" id="Hybrid_billiards_games"></span><span class="anchor" id="Hybrid_carom_and_pocket_billiards_games"></span> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bottle_pool" title="Bottle pool">Bottle pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_pool" title="Cowboy pool">Cowboy pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_billiards" title="English billiards">English billiards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaisa_(billiards)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaisa (billiards)">Kaisa</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Obstacle_and_target_games">Obstacle and target games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Obstacle and target games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Obstacle_and_target_billiards_games"></span> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagatelle" title="Bagatelle">Bagatelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_billiards" title="Bar billiards">Bar billiards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumper_pool" title="Bumper pool">Bumper pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_pin_billiards" title="Danish pin billiards">Danish pin billiards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-pin_billiards" title="Five-pin billiards">Five-pin billiards</a></li> <li><i><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Goriziana" title="Goriziana">Goriziana</a></i></span></i> (or nine-pin billiards)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disk_games">Disk games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Disk games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novuss" title="Novuss">Novuss</a> (uses full-length cues)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cueless_games">Cueless games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Cueless games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Cueless_billiards_games"></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main category: <a href="/wiki/Category:Finger_billiards" title="Category:Finger billiards">Finger billiards</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boccette" title="Boccette">Boccette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crud_(game)" title="Crud (game)">Crud</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Eight_Ball_Rack_2005_SeanMcClean.jpg/29px-Eight_Ball_Rack_2005_SeanMcClean.jpg" decoding="async" width="29" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Eight_Ball_Rack_2005_SeanMcClean.jpg/43px-Eight_Ball_Rack_2005_SeanMcClean.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Eight_Ball_Rack_2005_SeanMcClean.jpg/58px-Eight_Ball_Rack_2005_SeanMcClean.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="697" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cue_sports" title="Portal:Cue sports">Cue sports portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms" title="Glossary of cue sports terms">Glossary of cue sports terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BCA_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="BCA Hall of Fame">BCA Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hustling" title="Hustling">Hustling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cue_sports_techniques" title="Cue sports techniques">Cue sports techniques</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Billiards"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Billiards">"Billiards" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 394.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Billiards&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=394&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACue+sports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteinRubino1996" class="citation book cs1">Stein, Victor; Rubino, Paul (1996). <i>The Billiard Encyclopedia: An Illustrated History of the Sport</i> (2nd ed.). Blue Book Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-886768-06-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-886768-06-4"><bdi>1-886768-06-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Billiard+Encyclopedia%3A+An+Illustrated+History+of+the+Sport&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Blue+Book+Publications&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=1-886768-06-4&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft.au=Rubino%2C+Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACue+sports" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2011)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Everton_1986-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Everton_1986_3-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEverton1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Clive_Everton" title="Clive Everton">Everton, Clive</a> (1986). <i>The History of Snooker and Billiards</i>. Haywards Heath: <a href="/wiki/Transworld_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transworld (company)">Partridge Press</a>. pp. 8–11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85225-013-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-85225-013-5"><bdi>1-85225-013-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Snooker+and+Billiards&rft.place=Haywards+Heath&rft.pages=8-11&rft.pub=Partridge+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=1-85225-013-5&rft.aulast=Everton&rft.aufirst=Clive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACue+sports" class="Z3988"></span> This is a revised version of <i>The Story of Billiards and Snooker</i> (1979).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven J. Reid, <i>The Early Life of James VI, A Long Apprenticeship</i> (Edinburgh: John Donald, 2023), p. 173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClifford1809" class="citation book cs1">Clifford, Arthur (1809). <i>Sadler State Papers</i>. Vol. 2. Edinburgh. pp. 505–7, 511.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sadler+State+Papers&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=505-7%2C+511&rft.date=1809&rft.aulast=Clifford&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACue+sports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cotton-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cotton_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCotton1674" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cotton" title="Charles Cotton">Cotton, Charles</a> (1674). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Compleat_Gamester" title="The Compleat Gamester">The Compleat Gamester</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Compleat+Gamester&rft.date=1674&rft.aulast=Cotton&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACue+sports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111119012508/http://www.thebilliardshop.com/poolhistory.php">"Pool History"</a>. The Pool Shop. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thebilliardshop.com/poolhistory.php">the original</a> on November 19, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pool+History&rft.pub=The+Pool+Shop&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebilliardshop.com%2Fpoolhistory.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACue+sports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTBig-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYTBig_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140316051135/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F40613FF3A5F1A738DDDA90994DA415B8385F0D3">"Meeting of the Champions; The Big Billiard Tournament to Begin To-morrow – What Ives, Schaefer, and Slosson Have Been Doing in Practice – The Older Players Not Afraid of the Big Runs Made by Ives – Something About the Rise and Progress of the Young 'Napoleon' of the Billiard World"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 10 December 1893. p. 10. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1893/12/10/archives/meeting-of-the-champions-the-big-billiard-tournament-to-begin.html">the original</a> on 2014-03-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Meeting+of+the+Champions%3B+The+Big+Billiard+Tournament+to+Begin+To-morrow+%E2%80%93+What+Ives%2C+Schaefer%2C+and+Slosson+Have+Been+Doing+in+Practice+%E2%80%93+The+Older+Players+Not+Afraid+of+the+Big+Runs+Made+by+Ives+%E2%80%93+Something+About+the+Rise+and+Progress+of+the+Young+%27Napoleon%27+of+the+Billiard+World&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1893-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1893%2F12%2F10%2Farchives%2Fmeeting-of-the-champions-the-big-billiard-tournament-to-begin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACue+sports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080613002125/http://www.billiardsvillage.com/russian-pyramid.html">"Russian Billiards"</a>. BilliardsVillage.com. 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.billiardsvillage.com/russian-pyramid.html">the original</a> on June 13, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russian+Billiards&rft.pub=BilliardsVillage.com&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.billiardsvillage.com%2Frussian-pyramid.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACue+sports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IEOB-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IEOB_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShamos1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ian_Shamos" title="Michael Ian Shamos">Shamos, Michael Ian</a> (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000sham"><i>The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Billiards</i></a>. New York City: Lyons & Burford. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55821-219-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-55821-219-1"><bdi>1-55821-219-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Illustrated+Encyclopedia+of+Billiards&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Lyons+%26+Burford&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=1-55821-219-1&rft.aulast=Shamos&rft.aufirst=Michael+Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fillustratedencyc0000sham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACue+sports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The New York Times Company (September 16, 1875). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0F1EFD345D1A7493C4A81782D85F418784F9">Explosive Teeth.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140316033727/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0F1EFD345D1A7493C4A81782D85F418784F9">Archived</a> 2014-03-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved January 2, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shamos_1991-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shamos_1991_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shamos_1991_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShamos1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ian_Shamos" title="Michael Ian Shamos">Shamos, Michael Ian</a> (1991). <i>Pool</i>. Hotho & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/99938-704-3-9" title="Special:BookSources/99938-704-3-9"><bdi>99938-704-3-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pool&rft.pub=Hotho+%26+Co.&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=99938-704-3-9&rft.aulast=Shamos&rft.aufirst=Michael+Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACue+sports" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2011)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clark1-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Clark1_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toaster.org/hoskins_tragic.html">"The World's Most Tragic Man Is the One Who Never Starts"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060825063214/http://www.toaster.org/hoskins_tragic.html">Archived</a> August 25, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Clark, Neil M.; originally published in <i>The American</i> magazine, May 1927; republished in <i>hotwire: The Newsletter of the Toaster Museum Foundation</i>, vol. 3, no. 3, online edition. Retrieved February 24, 2007. The piece is largely an interview of Hoskins.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Patent578514-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Patent578514_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Patent578514_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Patent578514_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Patent578514_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US578514">U.S. patent 0,578,514</a></span>, 9 March 1897</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chem1-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chem1_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemindustry.com/chemicals/14835.html">"Aloxite"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070625100844/http://www.chemindustry.com/chemicals/14835.html">Archived</a> 2007-06-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, ChemIndustry.com database. Retrieved February 24, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PubChem-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PubChem_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=158,243">"Substance Summary: Aluminum Oxide"</a>, <i>PubChem Database</i>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine" title="United States National Library of Medicine">National Library of Medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">US National Institutes of Health</a>. Retrieved February 24, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140406175207/http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=158,243">Archived</a> April 6, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Everton_1986_other-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Everton_1986_other_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEverton1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Clive_Everton" title="Clive Everton">Everton, Clive</a> (1986). <i>The History of Snooker and Billiards</i> (rev. ver. of <i>The Story of Billiards and Snooker</i>, 1979 ed.). Haywards Heath, UK: <a href="/wiki/Transworld_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transworld (company)">Partridge Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85225-013-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-85225-013-5"><bdi>1-85225-013-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Snooker+and+Billiards&rft.place=Haywards+Heath%2C+UK&rft.edition=rev.+ver.+of+%27%27The+Story+of+Billiards+and+Snooker%27%27%2C+1979&rft.pub=Partridge+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=1-85225-013-5&rft.aulast=Everton&rft.aufirst=Clive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACue+sports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shamos_1999-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shamos_1999_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShamos1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ian_Shamos" title="Michael Ian Shamos">Shamos, Mike</a> (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newillustrateden0000sham"><i>The New Illustrated Encyclopedia of Billiards</i></a></span>. New York: Lyons Press. pp. 46, 61–62, 89, 244. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781558217973" title="Special:BookSources/9781558217973"><bdi>9781558217973</bdi></a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Illustrated+Encyclopedia+of+Billiards&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=46%2C+61-62%2C+89%2C+244&rft.pub=Lyons+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9781558217973&rft.aulast=Shamos&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewillustrateden0000sham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACue+sports" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlciatore2004" class="citation book cs1">Alciatore, David G. ("Doctor Dave") (August 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dr-dave-billiards.com/book/book_description.html"><i>The Illustrated Principles of Pool and Billiards</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Sterling_Publishing" title="Sterling Publishing">Sterling Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4027-1428-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-4027-1428-9"><bdi>1-4027-1428-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Illustrated+Principles+of+Pool+and+Billiards&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Sterling+Publishing&rft.date=2004-08&rft.isbn=1-4027-1428-9&rft.aulast=Alciatore&rft.aufirst=David+G.+%28%22Doctor+Dave%22%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdr-dave-billiards.com%2Fbook%2Fbook_description.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACue+sports" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFByrne1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrne_(author)" title="Robert Byrne (author)">Byrne, Robert</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/byrnesnewstandar00byrn"><i>Byrne's New Standard Book of Pool and Billiards</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Harcourt_Trade_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Harcourt Trade Publishers">Harcourt Brace & Co</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-15-100325-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-15-100325-4"><bdi>0-15-100325-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byrne%27s+New+Standard+Book+of+Pool+and+Billiards&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harcourt+Brace+%26+Co&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-15-100325-4&rft.aulast=Byrne&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbyrnesnewstandar00byrn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACue+sports" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlciatore2017" class="citation book cs1">Alciatore, David G. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aF21EAAAQBAJ"><i>The Illustrated Principles of Pool and Billiards</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(ebook)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Sterling_Publishing" title="Sterling Publishing">Union Square & Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781454927914" title="Special:BookSources/9781454927914"><bdi>9781454927914</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Illustrated+Principles+of+Pool+and+Billiards&rft.pub=Union+Square+%26+Company&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781454927914&rft.aulast=Alciatore&rft.aufirst=David+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaF21EAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACue+sports" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlciatore2017" class="citation book cs1">Alciatore, David G. (May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yLpsCQAAQBAJ&q=pool+billiards"><i>The Sport of Pool Billiards 1: Techniques and Training Based on PAT Part 1</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(ebook)</span>. Union Square & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781454927914" title="Special:BookSources/9781454927914"><bdi>9781454927914</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sport+of+Pool+Billiards+1%3A+Techniques+and+Training+Based+on+PAT+Part+1&rft.pub=Union+Square+%26+Company&rft.date=2017-05&rft.isbn=9781454927914&rft.aulast=Alciatore&rft.aufirst=David+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyLpsCQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dpool%2Bbilliards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACue+sports" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFByrne1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrne_(author)" title="Robert Byrne (author)">Byrne, Robert</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dG5INsTkJAsC&q=pool+billiards"><i>Byrne's New Standard Book of Pool and Billiards</i></a> (Paperback). <a href="/wiki/Harcourt_Brace_%26_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Harcourt Brace & Company">Harcourt Brace & Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780156005548" title="Special:BookSources/9780156005548"><bdi>9780156005548</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byrne%27s+New+Standard+Book+of+Pool+and+Billiards&rft.pub=Harcourt+Brace+%26+Company&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780156005548&rft.aulast=Byrne&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdG5INsTkJAsC%26q%3Dpool%2Bbilliards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACue+sports" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEckert2015" class="citation book cs1">Eckert, Ralph (May 8, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yLpsCQAAQBAJ"><i>The Sport of Pool Billiards 1: Techniques and Training Based on PAT Part 1</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(ebook)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Litho" class="mw-redirect" title="Litho">Litho</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783941484986" title="Special:BookSources/9783941484986"><bdi>9783941484986</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sport+of+Pool+Billiards+1%3A+Techniques+and+Training+Based+on+PAT+Part+1&rft.pub=Litho&rft.date=2015-05-08&rft.isbn=9783941484986&rft.aulast=Eckert&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyLpsCQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACue+sports" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeider2010" class="citation book cs1">Leider, Nicholas (February 12, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C-mt6DVhbHkC&q=pool+billiards"><i>Pool and Billiards For Dummies</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(ebook)</span>. <a href="/wiki/For_Dummies" title="For Dummies">For Dummies</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wiley_(publisher)" title="Wiley (publisher)">Wiley</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780470633946" title="Special:BookSources/9780470633946"><bdi>9780470633946</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pool+and+Billiards+For+Dummies&rft.series=For+Dummies&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2010-02-12&rft.isbn=9780470633946&rft.aulast=Leider&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC-mt6DVhbHkC%26q%3Dpool%2Bbilliards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACue+sports" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Billiards" class="extiw" title="commons:Billiards">Billiards</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cue_sports" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cue_sports" title="Template:Cue sports"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cue_sports" title="Template talk:Cue sports"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cue_sports" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cue sports"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cue_sports" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cue sports</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pool_(cue_sports)" title="Pool (cue sports)">Pool</a> games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eight-ball" title="Eight-ball">Eight-ball</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eight-ball_pool_(British_variation)" title="Eight-ball pool (British variation)">British eight-ball</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nine-ball" title="Nine-ball">Nine-ball</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Straight_pool" title="Straight pool">Straight pool</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ten-ball" title="Ten-ball">Ten-ball</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trick_shot" title="Trick shot"><i>Artistic pool</i> and trick shots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_pool" title="Bank pool">Bank pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_pocket_billiards" title="Baseball pocket billiards">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottle_pool" title="Bottle pool">Bottle pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowlliards" title="Bowlliards">Bowlliards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_(pool)" title="Chicago (pool)">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_pool" title="Cowboy pool">Cowboy pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cribbage_(pool)" title="Cribbage (pool)">Cribbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutthroat_(pool)" title="Cutthroat (pool)">Cutthroat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifteen-ball_pool" title="Fifteen-ball pool">Fifteen-ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golf_(billiards)" title="Golf (billiards)">Golf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honolulu_(pool)" title="Honolulu (pool)">Honolulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_pool" title="Kelly pool">Kelly pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killer_(pool)" title="Killer (pool)">Killer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-pocket" title="One-pocket">One-pocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid_pool" title="Pyramid pool">Pyramid pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotation_(pool)" title="Rotation (pool)">Rotation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven-ball" title="Seven-ball">Seven-ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_pool" title="Speed pool">Speed pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-ball" title="Three-ball">Three-ball</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cuesports" title="Cuesports"><img alt="A cube of blue chalk with a paper wrapper on all sides but one; a rounded indentation appears at the top where a cue would be chalked" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Chalk_stub.png" decoding="async" width="61" height="72" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="61" data-file-height="72" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carom_billiards" title="Carom billiards">Carom billiards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Three-cushion_billiards" title="Three-cushion billiards">Three-cushion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/One-cushion_billiards" title="One-cushion billiards">One-cushion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Balkline" title="Balkline">Balkline</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_rail" title="Straight rail">Straight rail</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Five-pin_billiards" title="Five-pin billiards">Five-pins</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artistic_billiards" title="Artistic billiards">Artistic billiards</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-ball_billiards" title="Four-ball billiards">Four-ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goriziana" title="Goriziana">Goriziana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Snooker</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Snooker" title="Snooker">Snooker</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Six-red_snooker" title="Six-red snooker">Six-red snooker</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snooker_plus" class="mw-redirect" title="Snooker plus">Snooker plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_snooker" title="American snooker">American snooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinuca_brasileira" title="Sinuca brasileira">Brazilian snooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snooker_Shoot_Out" title="Snooker Shoot Out">Shoot Out</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#List_of_cue_sports">Other games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/English_billiards" title="English billiards">English billiards</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Russian_pyramid" title="Russian pyramid">Russian pyramid</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaisa_(cue_sport)" title="Kaisa (cue sport)">Kaisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_pin_billiards" title="Danish pin billiards">Danish pin billiards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumper_pool" title="Bumper pool">Bumper pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagatelle" title="Bagatelle">Bagatelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boccette" title="Boccette">Boccette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_billiards" title="Bar billiards">Bar billiards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novuss" title="Novuss">Novuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_billiards" title="Ground billiards">Ground billiards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slosh_(cue_sport)" title="Slosh (cue sport)">Slosh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms" title="Glossary of cue sports terms">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cue_sports_techniques" title="Cue sports techniques">Techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billiard_table" title="Billiard table">Billiard table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billiard_ball" title="Billiard ball">Billiard ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billiard_hall" title="Billiard hall">Billiard hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cue_stick" title="Cue stick">Cue stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rack_(billiards)" title="Rack (billiards)">Rack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_cue_sports" title="Comparison of cue sports">Comparison of cue sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major<br />international<br />tournaments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_Billiards_World_Championship" title="Artistic Billiards World Championship">Artistic Billiards World Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UMB_World_Three-cushion_Championship" title="UMB World Three-cushion Championship">UMB World Three-cushion Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Snooker_Championship" title="World Snooker Championship">World Snooker Championship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Snooker_Championship_winners" title="List of World Snooker Championship winners">champions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-red_World_Championship" title="Six-red World Championship">Six-red World Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Women%27s_Snooker_Championship" title="World Women's Snooker Championship">World Women's Snooker Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPA_World_Nine-ball_Championship" title="WPA World Nine-ball Championship">WPA World Nine-ball Championship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WPA_Women%27s_World_Nine-ball_Championship" title="WPA Women's World Nine-ball Championship">Women's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_WPA_World_Nine-ball_champions" title="List of WPA World Nine-ball champions">champions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPA_World_Ten-ball_Championship" title="WPA World Ten-ball Championship">WPA World Ten-ball Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Straight_Pool_Championship" title="World Straight Pool Championship">World Straight Pool Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPA_World_Eight-ball_Championship" title="WPA World Eight-ball Championship">WPA World Eight-ball Championship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_world_eight-ball_champions" title="List of world eight-ball champions">champions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Cup_of_Pool" title="World Cup of Pool">World Cup of Pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosconi_Cup" title="Mosconi Cup">Mosconi Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Pool_Masters" title="World Pool Masters">World Pool Masters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cue_sports_at_the_World_Games" title="Cue sports at the World Games">Cue sports at the World Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euro_Tour" title="Euro Tour">Euro Tour</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Euro_Tour_tournaments" title="List of Euro Tour tournaments">events</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Pool_Championships" title="European Pool Championships">European Pool Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._Open_pool_championships" title="List of U.S. Open pool championships">U.S. Open</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Open_Straight_Pool_Championship" title="U.S. Open Straight Pool Championship">Straight Pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Open_8-Ball_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Open 8-Ball Championships">8-Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Open_9-Ball_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Open 9-Ball Championships">9-Ball</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governing bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Confederation_of_Billiards_Sports" title="World Confederation of Billiards Sports">World Confederation of Billiards Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_Mondiale_de_Billard" title="Union Mondiale de Billard">Union Mondiale de Billard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Pool-Billiard_Association" title="World Pool-Billiard Association">World Pool-Billiard Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Billiards_and_Snooker_Federation" title="International Billiards and Snooker Federation">International Billiards and Snooker Federation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Professional_Billiards_and_Snooker_Association" title="World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association">World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Categories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cue_sports" title="Category:Cue sports">Cue sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cue_sports_players" title="Category:Cue sports players">Players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cue_sports_organizations" title="Category:Cue sports organizations">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cue_sports_competitions" title="Category:Cue sports competitions">Competitions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Eight_Ball_Rack_2005_SeanMcClean.jpg/16px-Eight_Ball_Rack_2005_SeanMcClean.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Eight_Ball_Rack_2005_SeanMcClean.jpg/24px-Eight_Ball_Rack_2005_SeanMcClean.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Eight_Ball_Rack_2005_SeanMcClean.jpg/32px-Eight_Ball_Rack_2005_SeanMcClean.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="697" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cue_sports" title="Portal:Cue sports">Cue sports portal</a></b><br /> The rules of games in <i>italics</i> are standardized by international sanctioning bodies.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sports_of_the_World_Games_program" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sports_of_the_World_Games_program" title="Template:Sports of the World Games program"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sports_of_the_World_Games_program" title="Template talk:Sports of the World Games program"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sports_of_the_World_Games_program" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sports of the World Games program"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sports_of_the_World_Games_program" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_Games_sports" title="World Games sports">Sports of the World Games program</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artistic and dance sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_roller_skating" title="Artistic roller skating">Artistic roller skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dancesport" title="Dancesport">Dancesport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics" title="Gymnastics">Gymnastics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acrobatic_gymnastics" title="Acrobatic gymnastics">Acrobatic gymnastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerobic_gymnastics" title="Aerobic gymnastics">Aerobic gymnastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkour" title="Parkour">Parkour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_gymnastics" title="Rhythmic gymnastics">Rhythmic gymnastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trampolining" title="Trampolining">Trampolining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumbling_(sport)" title="Tumbling (sport)">Tumbling</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ball sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_handball" title="Beach handball">Beach handball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_polo" title="Canoe polo">Canoe polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fistball" title="Fistball">Fistball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floorball" title="Floorball">Floorball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_in-line_hockey" class="mw-redirect" title="Roller in-line hockey">Inline hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korfball" title="Korfball">Korfball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacrosse" title="Lacrosse">Lacrosse</a> (women)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racquetball" title="Racquetball">Racquetball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softball" title="Softball">Softball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squash_(sport)" title="Squash (sport)">Squash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Martial arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jujutsu" title="Jujutsu">Ju-jitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karate" title="Karate">Karate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kickboxing" title="Kickboxing">Kickboxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muay_Thai" title="Muay Thai">Muaythai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo">Sumo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Precision sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archery" title="Archery">Archery</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Billiards sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boules" title="Boules">Boules sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowling" title="Bowling">Bowling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Strength sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Powerlifting" title="Powerlifting">Powerlifting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tug_of_war" title="Tug of war">Tug of war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trend sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_sports" title="Air sports">Air sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parachuting" title="Parachuting">Parachuting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_marathon" title="Canoe marathon">Canoe marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finswimming" title="Finswimming">Finswimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultimate (sport)">Flying disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifesaving_(sport)" title="Lifesaving (sport)">Lifesaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orienteering" title="Orienteering">Orienteering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_sports" title="Roller sports">Speed roller skating</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Road_skating" title="Road skating">Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inline_speed_skating" title="Inline speed skating">Track</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competition_climbing" title="Competition climbing">Competition climbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_skiing" title="Water skiing">Water skiing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wakeboarding" title="Wakeboarding">Wakeboarding</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past official sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badminton" title="Badminton">Badminton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_volleyball" title="Beach volleyball">Beach volleyball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodybuilding" title="Bodybuilding">Bodybuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casting_(fishing)" title="Casting (fishing)">Casting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_cycling" title="Indoor cycling">Indoor cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netball" title="Netball">Netball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_hockey_(quad)" title="Roller hockey (quad)">Roller hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_sevens" title="Rugby sevens">Rugby sevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambo_at_the_World_Games" title="Sambo at the World Games">Sambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">Taekwondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triathlon" title="Triathlon">Triathlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_weightlifting" title="Olympic weightlifting">Weightlifting</a> (women)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Invitational sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duathlon" title="Duathlon">Duathlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_football" title="Flag football">Flag football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacrosse" title="Lacrosse">Lacrosse</a> (men)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_rugby" title="Wheelchair rugby">Wheelchair rugby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wushu_(sport)" title="Wushu (sport)">Wushu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Sports_at_the_World_Games" title="Category:Sports at the World Games">Sports at the World Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_World_Games_Association" title="International World Games Association">International World Games Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3341285#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3341285#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3341285#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/831801/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4006693-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85014047">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11960062n">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11960062n">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00561676">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="kulečník"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph122004&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX528495">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007284623305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&oldid=1257497564">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&oldid=1257497564</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cue_sports" title="Category:Cue sports">Cue sports</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sports_entertainment" title="Category:Sports entertainment">Sports entertainment</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_inventions" title="Category:French inventions">French inventions</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_September_2011" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2011">Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_March_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from March 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Middle_French_(ca._1400-1600)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Middle French (ca. 1400-1600)-language text">Articles containing Middle French (ca. 1400-1600)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Italian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Italian-language text">Articles containing Italian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_link_is_locally_defined" title="Category:Commons link is locally defined">Commons link is locally defined</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 15 November 2024, at 05:52<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-ksxdk","wgBackendResponseTime":221,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.241","walltime":"1.479","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8927,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":135148,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":15849,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":19,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":18,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":100725,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1276.057 1 -total"," 20.60% 262.868 1 Template:Reflist"," 14.86% 189.654 59 Template:Cuegloss"," 14.28% 182.170 59 Template:Glossary_link"," 12.09% 154.261 6 Template:Lang"," 11.96% 152.627 118 Template:Plain_text"," 9.12% 116.429 1 Template:Cite_EB1911"," 8.25% 105.236 1 Template:Cue_sports_nav"," 6.91% 88.189 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.67% 85.134 4 Template:Fix"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.740","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":17623417,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n [\"state\"] = \"expanded\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-vqclb","timestamp":"20241122140725","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Cue sports","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cue_sports","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3341285","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3341285","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-09-08T17:32:37Z","dateModified":"2024-11-15T05:52:36Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/c4\/1674_illustration-The_Billiard_Table.png","headline":"skill games using cue stick to strike billiard balls"}</script> </body> </html>