CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>QR code - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"b75300b8-2ea4-44c9-8fd9-b9e58c995950","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"QR_code","wgTitle":"QR code","wgCurRevisionId":1258911642,"wgRevisionId":1258911642,"wgArticleId":828436,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)","CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)","CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)","CS1 Czech-language sources (cs)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from June 2022","Articles to be expanded from October 2021","All articles to be expanded","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2024","All articles containing potentially dated statements","All articles with unsourced statements", "Articles with unsourced statements from March 2023","All articles with failed verification","Articles with failed verification from June 2017","Wikipedia articles that are too technical from January 2024","All articles that are too technical","Articles with failed verification from October 2024","Articles that may contain original research from October 2024","Commons category link from Wikidata","1994 introductions","Automatic identification and data capture","Barcodes","Encodings","Hypermedia","Japanese inventions"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"QR_code","wgRelevantArticleId":828436,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0, "wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":90000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q12203","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options": "loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","ext.math.styles":"ready","ext.pygments":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.pygments.view","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming", "ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.math.styles%7Cext.pygments%2CwikimediaBadges%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/QR_code_for_mobile_English_Wikipedia.svg/1200px-QR_code_for_mobile_English_Wikipedia.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/QR_code_for_mobile_English_Wikipedia.svg/800px-QR_code_for_mobile_English_Wikipedia.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/QR_code_for_mobile_English_Wikipedia.svg/640px-QR_code_for_mobile_English_Wikipedia.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="640"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="QR code - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_code"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_code"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-QR_code rootpage-QR_code skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=QR+code" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=QR+code" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=QR+code" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=QR+code" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adoption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adoption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Adoption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adoption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Standards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Augmented_reality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Augmented_reality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Augmented reality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Augmented_reality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mobile_operating_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mobile_operating_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Mobile operating systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mobile_operating_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Virtual_stores" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Virtual_stores"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Virtual stores</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Virtual_stores-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-QR_code_payment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#QR_code_payment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>QR code payment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-QR_code_payment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Website_login" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Website_login"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Website login</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Website_login-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mobile_ticket" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mobile_ticket"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Mobile ticket</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mobile_ticket-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Restaurant_ordering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Restaurant_ordering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Restaurant ordering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Restaurant_ordering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Joining_a_Wi‑Fi_network" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Joining_a_Wi‑Fi_network"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Joining a Wi‑Fi network</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Joining_a_Wi‑Fi_network-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funerary_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funerary_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Funerary use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funerary_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electronic_authentication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electronic_authentication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>Electronic authentication</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electronic_authentication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Loyalty_programs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Loyalty_programs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.11</span> <span>Loyalty programs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Loyalty_programs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Counterfeit_detection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Counterfeit_detection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.12</span> <span>Counterfeit detection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Counterfeit_detection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Product_tracing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Product_tracing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.13</span> <span>Product tracing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Product_tracing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-COVID-19_pandemic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#COVID-19_pandemic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.14</span> <span>COVID-19 pandemic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-COVID-19_pandemic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Design</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Design-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Design subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Information_capacity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Information_capacity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Information capacity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Information_capacity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Error_correction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Error_correction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Error correction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Error_correction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Encoding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Encoding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Encoding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Encoding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decoding_example" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decoding_example"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Decoding example</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decoding_example-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Variants</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Variants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Variants subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Model_1" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Model_1"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Model 1</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Model_1-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Micro_QR_code" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Micro_QR_code"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Micro QR code</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Micro_QR_code-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rectangular_Micro_QR_Code" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rectangular_Micro_QR_Code"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Rectangular Micro QR Code</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rectangular_Micro_QR_Code-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-iQR_code" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#iQR_code"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>iQR code</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-iQR_code-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secure_QR_code" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secure_QR_code"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Secure QR code</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secure_QR_code-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frame_QR" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frame_QR"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Frame QR</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frame_QR-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-HCC2D" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HCC2D"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>HCC2D</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-HCC2D-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-AQR" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#AQR"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.8</span> <span>AQR</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-AQR-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-License" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#License"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>License</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-License-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Risks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Risks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Risks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Risks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">QR code</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 78 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-78" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">78 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR-kode" title="QR-kode – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="QR-kode" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%A9" title="رمز استجابة سريعة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رمز استجابة سريعة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3digu_QR" title="Códigu QR – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Códigu QR" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_kodu" title="QR kodu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="QR kodu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A1" title="কিউআর কোড – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কিউআর কোড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_B%C3%A9" title="QR Bé – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="QR Bé" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="QR-код – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="QR-код" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="QR-код – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="QR-код" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="QR-код – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="QR-код" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1" title="क्यूआर कोड – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="क्यूआर कोड" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="QR код – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="QR код" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_Code" title="QR Code – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="QR Code" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codi_QR" title="Codi QR – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Codi QR" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_k%C3%B3d" title="QR kód – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="QR kód" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cod_QR" title="Cod QR – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cod QR" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_Code" title="QR Code – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="QR Code" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR-Code" title="QR-Code – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="QR-Code" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR-kood" title="QR-kood – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="QR-kood" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8E%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82_QR" title="Κώδικας QR – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κώδικας QR" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3digo_QR" title="Código QR – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Código QR" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapidresponda_kodo" title="Rapidresponda kodo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rapidresponda kodo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_kode" title="QR kode – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="QR kode" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A2%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D8%AF" title="کیوآر کد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کیوآر کد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_QR" title="Code QR – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Code QR" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3digo_QR" title="Código QR – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Código QR" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="QR 코드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="QR 코드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR-%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%A4" title="QR-կոդ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="QR-կոդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1" title="क्यूआर कोड – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="क्यूआर कोड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_kod" title="QR kod – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="QR kod" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR-kodexo" title="QR-kodexo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="QR-kodexo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kode_respons_cepat" title="Kode respons cepat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kode respons cepat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiNyantuli" title="IsiNyantuli – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiNyantuli" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codice_QR" title="Codice QR – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Codice QR" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93_QR" title="קוד QR – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קוד QR" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕ್ಯುಆರ್ ಕೋಡ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕ್ಯುಆರ್ ಕೋಡ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_Code" title="QR Code – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="QR Code" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="QR კოდი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="QR კოდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_code" title="QR code – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="QR code" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvadr%C4%81tkods" title="Kvadrātkods – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kvadrātkods" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_kodas" title="QR kodas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="QR kodas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR-k%C3%B3d" title="QR-kód – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="QR-kód" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81.%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC._%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="ക്യു.ആർ. കോഡ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ക്യു.ആർ. കോഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="क्यू आर संकेतावली – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="क्यू आर संकेतावली" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kod_QR" title="Kod QR – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kod QR" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="QR код – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="QR код" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B7%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%AF%E1%80%92%E1%80%BA" title="လျင်မြန်တုံ့ပြန်မှုကုဒ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လျင်မြန်တုံ့ပြန်မှုကုဒ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR-code" title="QR-code – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="QR-code" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1" title="क्यूआर कोड – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="क्यूआर कोड" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89" title="QRコード – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="QRコード" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR-kode" title="QR-kode – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="QR-kode" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81._%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%B0._%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC" title="କ୍ୟୁ. ଆର. କୋଡ଼ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କ୍ୟୁ. ଆର. କୋଡ଼" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR-kod" title="QR-kod – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="QR-kod" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%A2%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%89" title="کيو آر کوډ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کيو آر کوډ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%8A_QR" title="កូដ QR – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="កូដ QR" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kod_QR" title="Kod QR – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kod QR" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3digo_QR" title="Código QR – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Código QR" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_kod" title="QR kod – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="QR kod" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cod_QR" title="Cod QR – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cod QR" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="QR-код – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="QR-код" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_code" title="QR code – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="QR code" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodi_QR" title="Kodi QR – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kodi QR" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_code" title="QR code – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="QR code" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_k%C3%B3d" title="QR kód – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="QR kód" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koda_QR" title="Koda QR – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Koda QR" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kju-ar_kod" title="Kju-ar kod – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Kju-ar kod" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR-koodi" title="QR-koodi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="QR-koodi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR-kod" title="QR-kod – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="QR-kod" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82._%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D._%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF" title="கியூ. ஆர். குறி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கியூ. ஆர். குறி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%82" title="త్వరిత స్పందన సంకేతం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="త్వరిత స్పందన సంకేతం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="รหัสคิวอาร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รหัสคิวอาร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_kodu" title="QR kodu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="QR kodu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="QR-код – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="QR-код" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%A2%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%88" title="کیو آر کوڈ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کیو آر کوڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A3_QR" title="Mã QR – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mã QR" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR%E7%A0%81" title="QR码 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="QR码" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80m%C3%AC%E1%BB%8D%CC%80r%E1%BB%8D%CC%80_QR" title="Àmìọ̀rọ̀ QR – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àmìọ̀rọ̀ QR" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR%E7%A2%BC" title="QR碼 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="QR碼" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR%E7%A2%BC" title="QR碼 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="QR碼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12203#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/QR_code" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:QR_code" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/QR_code"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/QR_code"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/QR_code" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/QR_code" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&oldid=1258911642" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=QR_code&id=1258911642&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FQR_code"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FQR_code"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=QR_code&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:QR_codes" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-mediawiki mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/QR_Codes" hreflang="en"><span>MediaWiki</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12203" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of matrix barcode</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:QR_code_for_mobile_English_Wikipedia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/QR_code_for_mobile_English_Wikipedia.svg/220px-QR_code_for_mobile_English_Wikipedia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/QR_code_for_mobile_English_Wikipedia.svg/330px-QR_code_for_mobile_English_Wikipedia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/QR_code_for_mobile_English_Wikipedia.svg/440px-QR_code_for_mobile_English_Wikipedia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="296" data-file-height="296" /></a><figcaption>A QR code for the <a href="/wiki/URL" title="URL">URL</a> of the <a href="/wiki/English_Wikipedia" title="English Wikipedia">English Wikipedia</a> Mobile main page</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>QR code</b> (<b>quick-response code</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a type of <a href="/wiki/Plane_(mathematics)" title="Plane (mathematics)">two-dimensional</a> <a href="/wiki/Barcode#Matrix_(2D)_codes" title="Barcode">matrix barcode</a>, invented in 1994, by <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanese</a> company <a href="/wiki/Denso#Denso_Wave" title="Denso">Denso Wave</a> for labelling automobile parts.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It features black squares on a white background with <a href="/wiki/Fiducial_markers" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiducial markers">fiducial markers</a>, readable by imaging devices like cameras, and processed using <a href="/wiki/Reed%E2%80%93Solomon_error_correction" title="Reed–Solomon error correction">Reed–Solomon error correction</a> until the image can be appropriately interpreted. The required data is then extracted from patterns that are present in both the horizontal and the vertical components of the QR image.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Whereas a barcode is a machine-readable optical image that contains information specific to the labeled item, the QR code contains the data for a locator, an identifier, and web-tracking. To store data efficiently, QR codes use four standardized modes of encoding: </p> <dl><dd>(1) <a href="/wiki/Number" title="Number">numeric</a>,</dd> <dd>(2) <a href="/wiki/Alphanumericals" title="Alphanumericals">alphanumeric</a>,</dd> <dd>(3) <a href="/wiki/Byte_pair_encoding" title="Byte pair encoding">byte</a> or <a href="/wiki/Binary_number" title="Binary number">binary</a>, and</dd> <dd>(4) <a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-QRCodefeatures_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QRCodefeatures-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Compared to standard <a href="/wiki/Universal_Product_Code" title="Universal Product Code">UPC barcodes</a>, the QR labeling system was applied beyond the automobile industry because of faster reading of the optical image and greater data-storage capacity in applications such as product tracking, item identification, time tracking, document management, and general marketing.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The QR code system was invented in 1994, at the <a href="/wiki/Denso#Denso_Wave" title="Denso">Denso Wave</a> automotive products company, in Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-qrcode_Rakib_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qrcode_Rakib-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The initial alternating-square design presented by the team of researchers, headed by <a href="/wiki/Masahiro_Hara" title="Masahiro Hara">Masahiro Hara</a>, was influenced by the black counters and the white counters played on a <a href="/wiki/Go_equipment#Board" title="Go equipment">Go board</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the pattern of the position detection markers was determined by finding the least-used sequence of alternating black-white areas on printed matter, which was found to be (1:1:3:1:1).<sup id="cite_ref-qrcode_history_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qrcode_history-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-qrcode_Rakib_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qrcode_Rakib-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The functional purpose of the QR code system was to facilitate keeping track of the types and numbers of automobile parts, by replacing individually-scanned bar-code labels on each box of auto parts with a single label that contained the data of each label. The quadrangular configuration of the QR code system consolidated the data of the various bar-code labels with Kanji, <a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">Kana</a>, and alphanumeric codes printed onto a single label.<sup id="cite_ref-Handbook_of_Augmented_Reality_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Handbook_of_Augmented_Reality-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-qrcode_history_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qrcode_history-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-qrcode_Rakib_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qrcode_Rakib-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adoption">Adoption</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Adoption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:How_QR_codes_are_created.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A QR code being painted on the side of a building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/How_QR_codes_are_created.jpg/220px-How_QR_codes_are_created.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/How_QR_codes_are_created.jpg/330px-How_QR_codes_are_created.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/How_QR_codes_are_created.jpg/440px-How_QR_codes_are_created.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3668" data-file-height="2891" /></a><figcaption>QR codes can be displayed on buildings, such as this one being painted in <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>As of 2024,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> QR codes are used in a much broader context, including both commercial tracking applications and convenience-oriented applications aimed at mobile phone users (termed mobile tagging). QR codes may be used to display text to the user, to open a <a href="/wiki/Web_page" title="Web page">webpage</a> on the user's device, to add a <a href="/wiki/VCard" title="VCard">vCard</a> contact to the user's device, to open a <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier" title="Uniform Resource Identifier">Uniform Resource Identifier</a> (URI), to connect to a wireless network, or to compose an email or text message. There are a great many QR code generators available as software or as online tools that are either free or require a paid subscription.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The QR code has become one of the most-used types of two-dimensional code.<sup id="cite_ref-About2DCode_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About2DCode-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During June 2011, 14 million American mobile users scanned a QR code or a barcode. Some 58% of those users scanned a QR or barcode from their homes, while 39% scanned from retail stores; 53% of the 14 million users were men between the ages of 18 and 34.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, 89 million people in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> scanned a QR code using their mobile devices, up by 26 percent compared to 2020. The majority of QR code users used them to make <a href="/wiki/Payment" title="Payment">payments</a> or to access product and <a href="/wiki/Menu" title="Menu">menu</a> information.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2020, a survey found that 18.8 percent of consumers in the United States and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> strongly agreed that they had noticed an increase in QR code use since the then-active <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>-related restrictions had begun several months prior.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standards">Standards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Standards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:QR_Code_Structure_Example_3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/QR_Code_Structure_Example_3.svg/220px-QR_Code_Structure_Example_3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/QR_Code_Structure_Example_3.svg/330px-QR_Code_Structure_Example_3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/QR_Code_Structure_Example_3.svg/440px-QR_Code_Structure_Example_3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1312" data-file-height="736" /></a><figcaption>Structure of a QR code (version 7), highlighting functional elements</figcaption></figure> <p>Several standards cover the encoding of data as QR codes:<sup id="cite_ref-qrstandard1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qrstandard1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>October 1997 – AIM (Association for Automatic Identification and Mobility) International<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>January 1999 – <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Industrial_Standards" title="Japanese Industrial Standards">JIS</a> X 0510</li> <li>June 2000 – <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>/<a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a> 18004:2000 <i>Information technology – Automatic identification and data capture techniques – Bar code symbology – QR code</i> (now withdrawn)<br /> Defines QR code models 1 and 2 symbols.</li> <li>1 September 2006 – ISO/IEC 18004:2006 <i>Information technology – Automatic identification and data capture techniques – QR Code 2005 bar code symbology specification</i> (now withdrawn)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> Defines QR code 2005 symbols, an extension of QR code model 2. Does not specify how to read QR code model 1 symbols, or require this for compliance.</li> <li>1 February 2015 – ISO/IEC 18004:2015 <i>Information – Automatic identification and data capture techniques – QR Code barcode symbology specification</i><br /> Renames the QR Code 2005 symbol to QR Code and adds clarification to some procedures and minor corrections.</li> <li>May 2022 – ISO/IEC 23941:2022 <i>Information technology – Automatic identification and data capture techniques – Rectangular Micro QR Code (rMQR) bar code symbology specification</i><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Defines the requirements for Micro QR Code.</li></ul> <p>At the <a href="/wiki/Application_layer" title="Application layer">application layer</a>, there is some variation between most of the implementations. Japan's <a href="/wiki/NTT_DoCoMo" class="mw-redirect" title="NTT DoCoMo">NTT DoCoMo</a> has established <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> standards for the encoding of URLs, contact information, and several other data types.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The open-source "<a href="/wiki/ZXing" class="mw-redirect" title="ZXing">ZXing</a>" project maintains a list of QR code data types.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Japan-qr-code-billboard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Japan-qr-code-billboard.jpg/220px-Japan-qr-code-billboard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Japan-qr-code-billboard.jpg/330px-Japan-qr-code-billboard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Japan-qr-code-billboard.jpg/440px-Japan-qr-code-billboard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>A QR code used on a large billboard in Japan, linking to the sagasou.mobi website</figcaption></figure> <p>QR codes have become common in consumer advertising. Typically, a <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphone</a> is used as a QR code scanner, displaying the code and converting it to some useful form (such as a standard <a href="/wiki/URL" title="URL">URL</a> for a website, thereby obviating the need for a user to type it into a <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">Web browser</a>). </p><p>QR code has become a focus of advertising strategy, since it provides a way to access a brand's website more quickly than by manually entering a URL.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beyond mere convenience to the consumer, the importance of this capability is that it increases the <a href="/wiki/Conversion_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Conversion rate">conversion rate</a>: the chance that contact with the advertisement will convert to a sale. It coaxes interested prospects further down the <a href="/wiki/Conversion_funnel" title="Conversion funnel">conversion funnel</a> with little delay or effort, bringing the viewer to the advertiser's website immediately, whereas a longer and more targeted sales pitch may lose the viewer's interest. </p><p>Although initially used to track parts in vehicle manufacturing, QR codes are used over a much wider range of applications. These include commercial tracking, warehouse stock control, entertainment and transport ticketing, product and loyalty marketing, and in-store product labeling.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Examples of marketing include where a company's discounted and percent discount can be captured using a QR code decoder that is a mobile app, or storing a company's information such as address and related information alongside its alpha-numeric text data as can be seen in telephone directory <a href="/wiki/Yellow_pages" title="Yellow pages">yellow pages</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>They can also be used to store personal information for organizations. An example of this is the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Investigation_(Philippines)" title="National Bureau of Investigation (Philippines)">National Bureau of Investigation</a> (NBI) where NBI clearances now come with a QR code. Many of these applications target <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">mobile-phone</a> users (via <a href="/wiki/Mobile_tagging" title="Mobile tagging">mobile tagging</a>). Users may receive text, add a vCard contact to their device, open a URL, or compose an <a href="/wiki/Email#Message_format" title="Email">e-mail</a> or text message after scanning QR codes. They can generate and print their own QR codes for others to scan and use by visiting one of several pay or free QR code-generating sites or apps. <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> had an <a href="/wiki/API" title="API">API</a>, now deprecated, to generate QR codes,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and apps for scanning QR codes can be found on nearly all smartphone devices.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Z80-Tianjin_-Beijing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Z80-Tianjin_-Beijing.jpg/220px-Z80-Tianjin_-Beijing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Z80-Tianjin_-Beijing.jpg/330px-Z80-Tianjin_-Beijing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Z80-Tianjin_-Beijing.jpg/440px-Z80-Tianjin_-Beijing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1063" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption>QR codes have been used and printed on train tickets in China since 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>QR codes storing addresses and URLs may appear in magazines, on signs, on buses, on business cards, or on almost any object about which users might want information. Users with a <a href="/wiki/Camera_phone" title="Camera phone">camera phone</a> equipped with the correct reader application can scan the image of the QR code to display text and contact information, connect to a <a href="/wiki/Wireless_LAN" title="Wireless LAN">wireless network</a>, or open a web page in the phone's browser. This act of linking from physical world objects is termed <a href="/wiki/Hardlink_(hyperlink)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardlink (hyperlink)">hardlinking</a> or <a href="/wiki/Object_hyperlinking" title="Object hyperlinking">object hyperlinking</a>. QR codes also may be linked to a location to track where a code has been scanned. Either the application that scans the QR code retrieves the geo information by using GPS and cell tower triangulation (aGPS) or the URL encoded in the QR code itself is associated with a location. In 2008, a Japanese stonemason announced plans to engrave QR codes on gravestones, allowing visitors to view information about the deceased, and family members to keep track of visits.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Psychologist <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wiseman" title="Richard Wiseman">Richard Wiseman</a> was one of the first authors to include QR codes in a book, in <i><a href="/wiki/Paranormality:_Why_We_See_What_Isn%27t_There" class="mw-redirect" title="Paranormality: Why We See What Isn't There">Paranormality: Why We See What Isn't There</a></i> (2011).<sup id="cite_ref-Skepicality160_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skepicality160-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (June 2017)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office" title="Microsoft Office">Microsoft Office</a> and <a href="/wiki/LibreOffice" title="LibreOffice">LibreOffice</a> have a functionality to insert QR code into documents.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>QR codes have been incorporated into currency. In June 2011, The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Dutch_Mint" title="Royal Dutch Mint">Royal Dutch Mint</a> (<i>Koninklijke Nederlandse Munt</i>) issued the world's first official coin with a QR code to celebrate the centenary of its current building and premises. The coin can be scanned by a smartphone and originally linked to a special website with content about the historical event and design of the coin.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, the Central Bank of Nigeria issued a 100-naira banknote to commemorate its centennial, the first banknote to incorporate a QR code in its design. When scanned with an internet-enabled mobile device, the code goes to a website that tells the centenary story of Nigeria.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, the <a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Russia" title="Central Bank of Russia">Central Bank of the Russian Federation</a> issued a 100-<a href="/wiki/Ruble" title="Ruble">rubles</a> note to commemorate the <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It contains a QR code into its design, and when scanned with an internet-enabled mobile device, the code goes to a website that details the historical and technical background of the commemorative note. In 2017, the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Ghana" title="Bank of Ghana">Bank of Ghana</a> issued a 5-<a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_cedi" title="Ghanaian cedi">cedis</a> banknote to commemorate 60 years of <a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">central banking</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>. It contains a QR code in its design which, when scanned with an internet-enabled mobile device, goes to the official Bank of Ghana website. </p><p>Credit card functionality is under development. In September 2016, the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a> (RBI) launched the eponymously named <a href="/wiki/BharatQR" title="BharatQR">BharatQR</a>, a common QR code jointly developed by all the four major card payment companies – <a href="/wiki/National_Payments_Corporation_of_India" title="National Payments Corporation of India">National Payments Corporation of India</a> that runs <a href="/wiki/RuPay" title="RuPay">RuPay</a> cards along with <a href="/wiki/Mastercard" title="Mastercard">Mastercard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visa_Inc." title="Visa Inc.">Visa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/American_Express" title="American Express">American Express</a>. It will also have the capability of accepting payments on the <a href="/wiki/Unified_Payments_Interface" title="Unified Payments Interface">Unified Payments Interface</a> (UPI) platform.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Augmented_reality">Augmented reality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Augmented reality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>QR codes are used in some <a href="/wiki/Augmented_reality" title="Augmented reality">augmented reality</a> systems to determine the positions of objects in 3-dimensional space.<sup id="cite_ref-Handbook_of_Augmented_Reality_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Handbook_of_Augmented_Reality-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mobile_operating_systems">Mobile operating systems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Mobile operating systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>QR codes can be used on various mobile device operating systems. While initially requiring the installation and use of third-party apps, both Android and iOS (since iOS 11 <sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) devices can now natively scan QR codes, without requiring an external app to be used.<sup id="cite_ref-androidnative_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-androidnative-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The camera app can scan and display the kind of QR code along with the link. These devices support <a href="/wiki/URL_redirection" title="URL redirection">URL redirection</a>, which allows QR codes to send <a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a> to existing applications on the device. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Virtual_stores">Virtual stores</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Virtual stores"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>QR codes have been used to establish "virtual stores", where a gallery of product information and QR codes is presented to the customer, e.g. on a train station wall. The customers scan the QR codes, and the products are delivered to their homes. This use started in <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Argentina,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but is currently expanding globally.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Walmart, Procter & Gamble and Woolworths have already adopted the Virtual Store concept.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="QR_code_payment">QR code payment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: QR code payment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/QR_code_payment" title="QR code payment">QR code payment</a></div> <p>QR codes can be used to store bank account information or credit card information, or they can be specifically designed to work with particular payment provider applications. There are several trial applications of QR code payments across the world.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In developing countries including China,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> India<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> QR code payment is a very popular and convenient method of making payments. Since <a href="/wiki/Alipay" title="Alipay">Alipay</a> designed a QR code payment method in 2011,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mobile payment has been quickly adopted in China. As of 2018, around 83% of all payments were made via mobile payment.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2012, QR code payments were deployed on a larger scale in the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> when an open format for payment information exchange – a <a href="/wiki/Short_Payment_Descriptor" title="Short Payment Descriptor">Short Payment Descriptor</a> – was introduced and endorsed by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Czech_Banking_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Czech Banking Association (page does not exist)">Czech Banking Association</a> as the official local solution for QR payments.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, the <a href="/wiki/European_Payments_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="European Payments Council">European Payment Council</a> provided guidelines for the <a href="/wiki/EPC_QR_code" title="EPC QR code">EPC QR code</a> enabling <a href="/wiki/Giro_(banking)" title="Giro (banking)">SCT</a> initiation within the <a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">Eurozone</a>. </p><p>In 2017, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> created a task force including government agencies such as the <a href="/wiki/Monetary_Authority_of_Singapore" title="Monetary Authority of Singapore">Monetary Authority of Singapore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Infocomm_Media_Development_Authority" title="Infocomm Media Development Authority">Infocomm Media Development Authority</a> to spearhead a system for e-payments using standardized QR code specifications. These specific dimensions are specialized for Singapore.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The e-payment system, Singapore Quick Response Code (SGQR), essentially merges various QR codes into one label that can be used by both parties in the payment system. This allows for various banking apps to facilitate payments between multiple customers and a merchant that displays a single QR code. The SGQR scheme is co-owned by MAS and IMDA.<sup id="cite_ref-sgqr_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sgqr-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A single SDQR label contains e-payments and combines multiple payment options. People making purchases can scan the code and see which payment options the merchant accepts.<sup id="cite_ref-sgqr_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sgqr-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Website_login">Website login</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Website login"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>QR codes can be used to log into websites: a QR code is shown on the login page on a <a href="/wiki/Computer_monitor" title="Computer monitor">computer screen</a>, and when a registered user scans it with a verified smartphone, they will automatically be logged in. Authentication is performed by the smartphone, which contacts the server. Google deployed such a login scheme in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mobile_ticket">Mobile ticket</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Mobile ticket"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is a system whereby a QR code can be displayed on a device such as a smartphone and used as an <a href="/wiki/Ticket_(admission)" title="Ticket (admission)">admission ticket</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its use is common for <a href="/wiki/J1_League" title="J1 League">J1 League</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Professional_Baseball" title="Nippon Professional Baseball">Nippon Professional Baseball</a> tickets in Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some cases, rights can be transferred via the Internet. In <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>, QR codes can be scanned in <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a> public transport to validate <a href="/wiki/R%C4%ABgas_Satiksme" title="Rīgas Satiksme">Rīgas Satiksme</a> e-tickets.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:460-0061-COVID-19_7-2021-hinnerk-ruemenapf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/460-0061-COVID-19_7-2021-hinnerk-ruemenapf.jpg/220px-460-0061-COVID-19_7-2021-hinnerk-ruemenapf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/460-0061-COVID-19_7-2021-hinnerk-ruemenapf.jpg/330px-460-0061-COVID-19_7-2021-hinnerk-ruemenapf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/460-0061-COVID-19_7-2021-hinnerk-ruemenapf.jpg/440px-460-0061-COVID-19_7-2021-hinnerk-ruemenapf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>A sign with a QR code that links to a drinks menu</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Restaurant_ordering">Restaurant ordering</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Restaurant ordering"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Restaurants can present a QR code near the front door or at the table allowing guests to view an online menu, or even redirect them to an online ordering website or app, allowing them to order and/or possibly pay for their meal without having to use a cashier or waiter. QR codes can also link to daily or weekly specials that are not printed on the standardized menus,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and enable the establishment to update the entire menu without needing to print copies. At table-serve restaurants, QR codes enable guests to order and pay for their meals without a waiter involved – the QR code contains the table number so servers know where to bring the food.<sup id="cite_ref-Verge,_Kastrenakes,_9/29/20_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Verge,_Kastrenakes,_9/29/20-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This application has grown especially since the need for social distancing during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">2020 COVID-19 pandemic</a> prompted reduced contact between service staff and customers.<sup id="cite_ref-Verge,_Kastrenakes,_9/29/20_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Verge,_Kastrenakes,_9/29/20-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Joining_a_Wi‑Fi_network"><span id="Joining_a_Wi.E2.80.91Fi_network"></span>Joining a Wi‑Fi network</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Joining a Wi‑Fi network"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:QR_code_Wi-Fi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/QR_code_Wi-Fi.svg/220px-QR_code_Wi-Fi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/QR_code_Wi-Fi.svg/330px-QR_code_Wi-Fi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/QR_code_Wi-Fi.svg/440px-QR_code_Wi-Fi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1148" data-file-height="1148" /></a><figcaption>A QR code to automatically join a Wi‑Fi network</figcaption></figure> <p>By specifying the SSID, encryption type, password/passphrase, and if the SSID is hidden or not, mobile device users can quickly scan and join networks without having to manually enter the data.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/MeCard_(QR_code)" title="MeCard (QR code)">MeCard</a>-like format is supported by Android and iOS 11+.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Common format: <code>WIFI:S:<SSID>;T:<WEP|WPA|nopass>;P:<PASSWORD>;H:<true|false|blank>;;</code></li> <li>Sample: <code>WIFI:S:MySSID;T:WPA;P:MyPassW0rd;;</code></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Funerary_use">Funerary use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Funerary use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adrian_Warburton_grave.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Adrian_Warburton_grave.jpg/220px-Adrian_Warburton_grave.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Adrian_Warburton_grave.jpg/330px-Adrian_Warburton_grave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Adrian_Warburton_grave.jpg/440px-Adrian_Warburton_grave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="2035" /></a><figcaption>QR code tile next to the grave of <a href="/wiki/Wing_commander" title="Wing commander">Wing Commander</a> <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Warburton" title="Adrian Warburton">Adrian Warburton</a> at Durnbach War Cemetery in <a href="/wiki/Gmund_am_Tegernsee" title="Gmund am Tegernsee">Gmund am Tegernsee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>. The code links to his Wikipedia entry.</figcaption></figure> <p>A QR code can link to an <a href="/wiki/Obituary" title="Obituary">obituary</a> and can be placed on a <a href="/wiki/Headstone" class="mw-redirect" title="Headstone">headstone</a>. In 2008, Ishinokoe in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan began to sell tombstones with QR codes produced by IT DeSign, where the code leads to a virtual grave site of the deceased.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other companies, such as Wisconsin-based Interactive Headstones, have also begun implementing QR codes into tombstones.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Cemetery_of_La_Paz" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Cemetery of La Paz">Jewish Cemetery of La Paz</a> in Uruguay began implementing QR codes for tombstones.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electronic_authentication">Electronic authentication</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Electronic authentication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>QR codes can be used to generate <a href="/wiki/Time-based_one-time_password" title="Time-based one-time password">time-based one-time passwords</a> for <a href="/wiki/Electronic_authentication" title="Electronic authentication">electronic authentication</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Loyalty_programs">Loyalty programs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Loyalty programs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>QR codes have been used by various retail outlets that have <a href="/wiki/Loyalty_program" title="Loyalty program">loyalty programs</a>. Sometimes these programs are accessed with an <a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">app</a> that is loaded onto a phone and includes a process triggered by a QR code scan. The QR codes for loyalty programs tend to be found printed on the <a href="/wiki/Receipt" title="Receipt">receipt</a> for a purchase or on the products themselves. Users in these schemes collect award points by scanning a code. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Counterfeit_detection">Counterfeit detection</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Counterfeit detection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Serialised QR codes have been used by brands<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and governments<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to let consumers, retailers and distributors verify the authenticity of the products and help with detecting counterfeit products, as part of a <a href="/wiki/Brand_protection" title="Brand protection">brand protection</a> program.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the security level of a regular QR code is limited since QR codes printed on original products are easily reproduced on fake products, even though the analysis of data generated as a result of QR code scanning can be used to detect counterfeiting and illicit activity.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A higher security level can be attained by embedding a <a href="/wiki/Digital_watermark" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital watermark">digital watermark</a> or <a href="/wiki/Copy_detection_pattern" title="Copy detection pattern">copy detection pattern</a> into the image of the QR code. This makes the QR code more secure against counterfeiting attempts; products that display a code which is counterfeit, although valid as a QR code, can be detected by scanning the secure QR code with the appropriate app.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The treaty regulating <a href="/wiki/Apostille" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostille">apostilles</a> (documents bearing a seal of authenticity), has been updated to allow the issuance of digital apostilles by countries; a digital apostille is a PDF document with a <a href="/wiki/Cryptographic_signature" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryptographic signature">cryptographic signature</a> containing a QR code for a canonical URL of the original document, allowing users to verify the apostille from a printed version of the document. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Product_tracing">Product tracing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Product tracing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Produce_traceability" title="Produce traceability">Produce traceability</a></div> <p>Different studies have been conducted to assess the effectiveness of QR codes as a means of conveying labelling information and their use as part of a food traceability system. In a field experiment, it was found that when provided free access to a smartphone with a QR code scanning app, 52.6% of participants would use it to access labelling information.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A study made in South Korea showed that consumers appreciate QR code used in food traceability system, as they provide detailed information about food, as well as information that helps them in their purchasing decision.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If QR codes are serialised, consumers can access a web page showing the supply chain for each ingredient, as well as information specific to each related batch, including meat processors and manufacturers, which helps address the concerns they have about the origin of their food.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="COVID-19_pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: COVID-19 pandemic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:460-0095-COVID-19_7-2021-hinnerk-ruemenapf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/460-0095-COVID-19_7-2021-hinnerk-ruemenapf.jpg/220px-460-0095-COVID-19_7-2021-hinnerk-ruemenapf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/460-0095-COVID-19_7-2021-hinnerk-ruemenapf.jpg/330px-460-0095-COVID-19_7-2021-hinnerk-ruemenapf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/460-0095-COVID-19_7-2021-hinnerk-ruemenapf.jpg/440px-460-0095-COVID-19_7-2021-hinnerk-ruemenapf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Two QR codes that link to German contact tracing app check-ins during the COVID-19 pandemic</figcaption></figure> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> began spreading, QR codes began to be used as a "touchless" system to display information, show menus, or provide updated consumer information, especially in the hospitality industry. Restaurants replaced paper or laminated plastic menus with QR code decals on the table, which opened an online version of the menu. This prevented the need to dispose of single-use paper menus, or institute cleaning and sanitizing procedures for permanent menus after each use.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Local television stations have also begun to utilize codes on <a href="/wiki/Local_news" title="Local news">local newscasts</a> to allow viewers quicker access to stories or information involving the pandemic, including testing and immunization scheduling websites, or for links within stories mentioned in the newscasts overall. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, patrons were required to scan QR codes at shops, clubs, supermarkets, and other service and retail establishments on entry to assist <a href="/wiki/Contact_tracing" title="Contact tracing">contact tracing</a>. Singapore, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, the United Kingdom, and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> used similar systems.<sup id="cite_ref-abc-qr-code-tracing_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abc-qr-code-tracing-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>QR codes are also present on COVID-19 vaccination certificates in places such as <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> and the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a> (<a href="/wiki/EU_Digital_COVID_Certificate" title="EU Digital COVID Certificate">EU Digital COVID certificate</a>), where they can be scanned to verify the information on the certificate.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unlike the older, one-dimensional barcodes that were designed to be mechanically scanned by a narrow beam of light, a QR code is detected by a two-dimensional digital <a href="/wiki/Image_sensor" title="Image sensor">image sensor</a> and then digitally analyzed by a programmed processor. The processor locates the three distinctive squares at the corners of the QR code image, using a smaller square (or multiple squares) near the fourth corner to normalize the image for size, orientation, and angle of viewing. The small dots throughout the QR code are then converted to binary numbers and validated with an error-correcting algorithm. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Information_capacity">Information capacity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Information capacity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The amount of data that can be represented by a QR code symbol depends on the data type (<i>mode</i>, or input character set), version (1, ..., 40, indicating the overall dimensions of the symbol, i.e. 4 × version number + 17 dots on each side), and <a href="#Error_correction">error correction</a> level. The maximum storage capacities occur for version 40 and error correction level L (low), denoted by 40-L:<sup id="cite_ref-About2DCode_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About2DCode-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Maximum character storage capacity (40-L) <br /><small><i>Character</i> refers to individual values of the input mode (data type).</small> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Input mode </th> <th>Max. characters</th> <th>Bits/char.</th> <th>Possible characters, default encoding </th></tr> <tr> <th>Numeric only </th> <td>7,089</td> <td>3<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span></td> <td>0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Alphanumeric" class="mw-redirect" title="Alphanumeric">Alphanumeric</a> </th> <td>4,296</td> <td>5<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span></td> <td>0–9, A–Z (upper-case only), space, $, %, *, +, -, ., /, : </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Binary_numeral_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Binary numeral system">Binary</a>/byte </th> <td>2,953</td> <td>8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1" title="ISO/IEC 8859-1">ISO/IEC 8859-1</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">kana</a> </th> <td>1,817</td> <td>13</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shift_JIS" title="Shift JIS">Shift JIS</a> <a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0208" title="JIS X 0208">X 0208</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Here are some samples of QR codes: </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Qr-1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Version 1 (21×21). Content: "Ver1""><img alt="Version 1 (21×21). Content: "Ver1"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Qr-1.svg/220px-Qr-1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Qr-1.svg/330px-Qr-1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Qr-1.svg/440px-Qr-1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="220" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Version 1 (21×21). Content: "Ver1"</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Qr-2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Version 2 (25×25). Content: "Version 2""><img alt="Version 2 (25×25). Content: "Version 2"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Qr-2.svg/220px-Qr-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Qr-2.svg/330px-Qr-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Qr-2.svg/440px-Qr-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="220" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Version 2 (25×25). Content: "Version 2"</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Qr-3.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Version 3 (29×29). Content: "Version 3 QR Code""><img alt="Version 3 (29×29). Content: "Version 3 QR Code"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Qr-3.svg/220px-Qr-3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Qr-3.svg/330px-Qr-3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Qr-3.svg/440px-Qr-3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="220" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Version 3 (29×29). Content: "Version 3 QR Code"</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Qr-4.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Version 4 (33×33). Content: "Version 4 QR Code, up to 50 char""><img alt="Version 4 (33×33). Content: "Version 4 QR Code, up to 50 char"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Qr-4.svg/220px-Qr-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Qr-4.svg/330px-Qr-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Qr-4.svg/440px-Qr-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="220" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Version 4 (33×33). Content: "Version 4 QR Code, up to 50 char"</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Qr-code-ver-10.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Version 10 (57×57). Content: "VERSION 10 QR CODE, UP TO 174 CHAR AT H LEVEL, WITH 57X57 MODULES AND PLENTY OF ERROR CORRECTION TO GO AROUND. NOTE THAT THERE ARE ADDITIONAL TRACKING BOXES" (actually encoded in all capital letters). (Tracking boxes are more commonly called alignment patterns.)"><img alt="Version 10 (57×57). Content: "VERSION 10 QR CODE, UP TO 174 CHAR AT H LEVEL, WITH 57X57 MODULES AND PLENTY OF ERROR CORRECTION TO GO AROUND. NOTE THAT THERE ARE ADDITIONAL TRACKING BOXES" (actually encoded in all capital letters). (Tracking boxes are more commonly called alignment patterns.)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Qr-code-ver-10.svg/220px-Qr-code-ver-10.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Qr-code-ver-10.svg/330px-Qr-code-ver-10.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Qr-code-ver-10.svg/440px-Qr-code-ver-10.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="220" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Version 10 (57×57). Content: "VERSION 10 QR CODE, UP TO 174 CHAR AT H LEVEL, WITH 57X57 MODULES AND PLENTY OF ERROR CORRECTION TO GO AROUND. NOTE THAT THERE ARE ADDITIONAL TRACKING BOXES" (actually encoded in all capital letters). (Tracking boxes are more commonly called <i>alignment patterns</i>.)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:QR_Code_Version_25.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Version 25 (117×117) Content: 1,269 characters of ASCII text describing QR codes"><img alt="Version 25 (117×117) Content: 1,269 characters of ASCII text describing QR codes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/QR_Code_Version_25.svg/220px-QR_Code_Version_25.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/QR_Code_Version_25.svg/330px-QR_Code_Version_25.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/QR_Code_Version_25.svg/440px-QR_Code_Version_25.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="413" data-file-height="413" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Version 25 (117×117) Content: 1,269 characters of ASCII text describing QR codes</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Qr-code-ver-40.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Version 40 (177×177) Content: "Version 40 QR Code can contain up to 1852 chars ..." (and followed by four paragraphs of ASCII text describing QR codes). The text refers to a QR Code with a "Level H" error correction. Other levels provide higher capacity."><img alt="Version 40 (177×177) Content: "Version 40 QR Code can contain up to 1852 chars ..." (and followed by four paragraphs of ASCII text describing QR codes). The text refers to a QR Code with a "Level H" error correction. Other levels provide higher capacity." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Qr-code-ver-40.svg/220px-Qr-code-ver-40.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Qr-code-ver-40.svg/330px-Qr-code-ver-40.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Qr-code-ver-40.svg/440px-Qr-code-ver-40.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="440" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Version 40 (177×177) Content: "Version 40 QR Code can contain up to 1852 chars ..." (and followed by four paragraphs of ASCII text describing QR codes). The text refers to a QR Code with a "Level H" error correction. Other levels provide higher capacity.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Error_correction">Error correction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Error correction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Technical plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-technical" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This subsection <b>may be too technical for most readers to understand</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit">help improve it</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">make it understandable to non-experts</a>, without removing the technical details.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:QR_Code_Damaged.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/QR_Code_Damaged.jpg/220px-QR_Code_Damaged.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/QR_Code_Damaged.jpg/330px-QR_Code_Damaged.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/QR_Code_Damaged.jpg/440px-QR_Code_Damaged.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="1680" /></a><figcaption>Damaged but still decodable QR code, link to <a class="external free" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org">http://en.m.wikipedia.org</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2_150_150DPI_ty_oerny_08_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/2_150_150DPI_ty_oerny_08_2011.jpg/220px-2_150_150DPI_ty_oerny_08_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/2_150_150DPI_ty_oerny_08_2011.jpg/330px-2_150_150DPI_ty_oerny_08_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/2_150_150DPI_ty_oerny_08_2011.jpg/440px-2_150_150DPI_ty_oerny_08_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="559" /></a><figcaption>Example of a QR code with artistic embellishment that will still scan correctly thanks to error correction. When scanned, the code directs users to the artist's personal website.</figcaption></figure> <p>QR codes use <a href="/wiki/Reed%E2%80%93Solomon_error_correction" title="Reed–Solomon error correction">Reed–Solomon error correction</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Finite_field" title="Finite field">finite field</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {F} _{256}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">F</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>256</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {F} _{256}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3aae762a2df30726681155bd3c3fc1c2036011f9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.118ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {F} _{256}}"></span> or <span class="texhtml">GF(2<sup>8</sup>)</span>, the elements of which are encoded as <a href="/wiki/Octet_(computing)" title="Octet (computing)">bytes of 8 bits</a>; the byte <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b_{7}b_{6}b_{5}b_{4}b_{3}b_{2}b_{1}b_{0}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>b</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>7</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>b</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>b</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>b</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>b</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>b</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>b</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>b</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b_{7}b_{6}b_{5}b_{4}b_{3}b_{2}b_{1}b_{0}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/137ef5fd0ae4fd285e6f0e4db882f616fd2bc31a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:16.414ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b_{7}b_{6}b_{5}b_{4}b_{3}b_{2}b_{1}b_{0}}"></span> with a standard numerical value <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \textstyle \sum _{i=0}^{7}b_{i}2^{i}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>7</mn> </mrow> </munderover> <msub> <mi>b</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mn>2</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \textstyle \sum _{i=0}^{7}b_{i}2^{i}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/55629aba21ee4a09f43702d43694991ef2d2e12f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:9.5ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \textstyle \sum _{i=0}^{7}b_{i}2^{i}}"></span> encodes the field element <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \textstyle \sum _{i=0}^{7}b_{i}\alpha ^{i}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>7</mn> </mrow> </munderover> <msub> <mi>b</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mi>α</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \textstyle \sum _{i=0}^{7}b_{i}\alpha ^{i}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/756047107c1ba315990894c577708ad1f1870a17" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:9.826ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \textstyle \sum _{i=0}^{7}b_{i}\alpha ^{i}}"></span> where <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha \in \mathbb {F} _{256}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>α</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">F</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>256</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha \in \mathbb {F} _{256}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bd800ad6bd2fea8492aee17c266dee4bd26f6ec5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.447ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha \in \mathbb {F} _{256}}"></span> is taken to be a primitive element satisfying <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha ^{8}+\alpha ^{4}+\alpha ^{3}+\alpha ^{2}+1=0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>α</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>8</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>α</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>α</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>α</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha ^{8}+\alpha ^{4}+\alpha ^{3}+\alpha ^{2}+1=0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4ab9c98c72dc6466551973982f0a62b81644955c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:26.952ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha ^{8}+\alpha ^{4}+\alpha ^{3}+\alpha ^{2}+1=0}"></span>. The primitive polynomial is <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x^{8}+x^{4}+x^{3}+x^{2}+1}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>8</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x^{8}+x^{4}+x^{3}+x^{2}+1}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cc93fb90271cad55cd6526d07e706a61c06cb061" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:22.06ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x^{8}+x^{4}+x^{3}+x^{2}+1}"></span>, corresponding to the polynomial number 285, with initial root = 0. </p><p>The Reed–Solomon code uses one of 37 different polynomials over <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {F} _{256}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">F</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>256</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {F} _{256}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3aae762a2df30726681155bd3c3fc1c2036011f9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.118ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {F} _{256}}"></span>, with degrees ranging from 7 to 68, depending on how many error correction bytes the code adds. It is implied by the form of Reed–Solomon used (<a href="/wiki/Reed%E2%80%93Solomon_error_correction#The_BCH_view:_The_codeword_as_a_sequence_of_coefficients" title="Reed–Solomon error correction">systematic BCH view</a>) that these polynomials are all on the form <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\textstyle \prod _{i=0}^{n-1}(x-\alpha ^{i})}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <munderover> <mo>∏</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </munderover> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>−</mo> <msup> <mi>α</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\textstyle \prod _{i=0}^{n-1}(x-\alpha ^{i})}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5aab0bb5476a5a9dbafd71ef92c0ade9b1b92180" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:13.779ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\textstyle \prod _{i=0}^{n-1}(x-\alpha ^{i})}"></span>. However, the rules for selecting the degree <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>n</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}"></span> are specific to the QR standard. </p><p>For example, the generator polynomial used for the Version 1 QR code (21×21), when 7 error correction bytes are used, is: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g(x)=x^{7}+\alpha ^{87}x^{6}+\alpha ^{229}x^{5}+\alpha ^{146}x^{4}+\alpha ^{149}x^{3}+\alpha ^{238}x^{2}+\alpha ^{102}x+\alpha ^{21}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>7</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>α</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>87</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>α</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>229</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>α</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>146</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>α</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>149</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>α</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>238</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>α</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>102</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>x</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>α</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>21</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g(x)=x^{7}+\alpha ^{87}x^{6}+\alpha ^{229}x^{5}+\alpha ^{146}x^{4}+\alpha ^{149}x^{3}+\alpha ^{238}x^{2}+\alpha ^{102}x+\alpha ^{21}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/582cb33436235b6ae33abef991a263d74cda8ee2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:70.526ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g(x)=x^{7}+\alpha ^{87}x^{6}+\alpha ^{229}x^{5}+\alpha ^{146}x^{4}+\alpha ^{149}x^{3}+\alpha ^{238}x^{2}+\alpha ^{102}x+\alpha ^{21}}"></span>.</dd></dl> <p>The highest power of <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}"></span> in the polynomial (the degree <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>n</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}"></span>, of the polynomial) determines the number of error correction bytes. In this case, the degree is 7. </p><p>When discussing the Reed–Solomon code phase there is some risk for confusion, in that the QR ISO/IEC standard uses the term <i>codeword</i> for the elements of <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {F} _{256}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">F</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>256</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {F} _{256}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3aae762a2df30726681155bd3c3fc1c2036011f9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.118ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {F} _{256}}"></span>, which with respect to the Reed–Solomon code are <a href="/wiki/Code#Theory" title="Code">symbols</a>, whereas it uses the term <i>block</i> for what with respect to the Reed–Solomon code are the codewords. The number of data versus error correction bytes within each block depends on (i) the version (side length) of the QR symbol and (ii) the error correction level, of which there are four. The higher the error correction level, the less storage capacity. The following table lists the approximate error correction capability at each of the four levels: </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td>Level L (Low)</td> <td>7% of data bytes can be restored. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Level M (Medium)</td> <td>15% of data bytes can be restored. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Level Q (Quartile)<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>25% of data bytes can be restored. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Level H (High)</td> <td>30% of data bytes can be restored. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In larger QR symbols, the message is broken up into several Reed–Solomon code blocks. The block size is chosen so that no attempt is made at correcting more than 15 errors per block; this limits the complexity of the decoding algorithm. The code blocks are then interleaved together, making it less likely that localized damage to a QR symbol will overwhelm the capacity of any single block. </p><p>The Version 1 QR symbol with level L error correction, for example, consists of a single error correction block with a total of <b>26 code</b> bytes (made of <b>19</b> message bytes and seven error correction bytes). It can correct up to <b>2</b> byte errors. Hence, this code is known as a <b>(26,19,2)</b> error correction code over <span class="texhtml">GF(2<sup>8</sup>)</span> . </p><p>Due to error correction, it is possible to create artistic QR codes with embellishments to make them more readable or attractive to the human eye, and to incorporate colors, logos, and other features into the QR code block; the embellishments are treated as errors, but the codes still scan correctly.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is also possible to design artistic QR codes without reducing the error correction capacity by manipulating the underlying mathematical constructs.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Image processing algorithms are also used to reduce errors in QR-code.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Encoding">Encoding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Encoding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The format information records two things: the error correction level and the mask pattern used for the symbol. Masking is used to break up patterns in the data area that might confuse a scanner, such as large blank areas or misleading features that look like the locator marks. The mask patterns are defined on a grid that is repeated as necessary to cover the whole symbol. Modules corresponding to the dark areas of the mask are inverted. The 5-bit format information is protected from errors with a <a href="/wiki/BCH_code" title="BCH code">BCH code</a>, and two complete copies are included in each QR symbol. <sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A (15,5) triple error-correcting BCH code over <span class="texhtml">GF(2<sup>4</sup>)</span> is used, having the generator polynomial <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g(x)=x^{10}+x^{8}+x^{5}+x^{4}+x^{2}+x+1}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>8</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g(x)=x^{10}+x^{8}+x^{5}+x^{4}+x^{2}+x+1}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cc625dd562e527c19ca496aade0ffa5a887ac5e5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:39.63ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g(x)=x^{10}+x^{8}+x^{5}+x^{4}+x^{2}+x+1}"></span>. It can correct at most 3 bit-errors out of the 5 data bits. There are a total of 15 bits in this BCH code (10 bits are added for error correction). This 15-bit code is itself X-ORed with a fixed 15-bit mask pattern (<b>101010000010010</b>) to prevent an all-zero string. </p><p>The message dataset is placed from right to left in a zigzag pattern, as shown below. In larger symbols, this is complicated by the presence of the alignment patterns and the use of multiple interleaved error-correction blocks. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 315px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 310px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:QR_Format_Information.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Meaning of format information. In the above figure, the format information is protected by a (15,5) BCH code, which can correct up to 3 bit errors. The total length of the code is 15 bits, of which 5 are data bits (2 EC level + 3 mask pattern) and 10 are extra bits for error correction. The format mask pattern for these 15 bits is: [101010000010010]. Note that we map the masked values directly to its meaning here, in contrast to image 4 "Levels & Masks" where the mask pattern numbers are the result of putting the 3rd to 5th mask bit, [101], over the 3rd to 5th format info bit of the QR code."><img alt="Meaning of format information. In the above figure, the format information is protected by a (15,5) BCH code, which can correct up to 3 bit errors. The total length of the code is 15 bits, of which 5 are data bits (2 EC level + 3 mask pattern) and 10 are extra bits for error correction. The format mask pattern for these 15 bits is: [101010000010010]. Note that we map the masked values directly to its meaning here, in contrast to image 4 "Levels & Masks" where the mask pattern numbers are the result of putting the 3rd to 5th mask bit, [101], over the 3rd to 5th format info bit of the QR code." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/QR_Format_Information.svg/280px-QR_Format_Information.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/QR_Format_Information.svg/420px-QR_Format_Information.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/QR_Format_Information.svg/560px-QR_Format_Information.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="368" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Meaning of format information. In the above figure, the format information is protected by a (15,5) BCH code, which can correct up to 3 bit errors. The total length of the code is 15 bits, of which 5 are data bits (2 EC level + 3 mask pattern) and 10 are extra bits for error correction. The <b>format mask pattern</b> for these 15 bits is: [<b>101010000010010</b>]. Note that we map the masked values directly to its meaning here, in contrast to image 4 "Levels & Masks" where the mask pattern numbers are the result of putting the 3rd to 5th mask bit, [<b>101</b>], over the 3rd to 5th format info bit of the QR code.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 315px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 310px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:QR_Character_Placement.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Message placement within a Ver 1 QR symbol (21×21). The message is encoded using a (255,248) Reed Solomon code (shortened to (26,19) code by using "padding") that can correct up to 2 byte-errors. A total of 26 code-words consist of 7 error-correction bytes, and 17 data bytes, in addition to the "Len" (8 bit field), "Enc" (4 bit field), and "End" (4 bit field). The symbol is capable of level L error correction."><img alt="Message placement within a Ver 1 QR symbol (21×21). The message is encoded using a (255,248) Reed Solomon code (shortened to (26,19) code by using "padding") that can correct up to 2 byte-errors. A total of 26 code-words consist of 7 error-correction bytes, and 17 data bytes, in addition to the "Len" (8 bit field), "Enc" (4 bit field), and "End" (4 bit field). The symbol is capable of level L error correction." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/QR_Character_Placement.svg/280px-QR_Character_Placement.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/QR_Character_Placement.svg/420px-QR_Character_Placement.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/QR_Character_Placement.svg/560px-QR_Character_Placement.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="536" data-file-height="368" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Message placement within a Ver 1 QR symbol (21×21). The message is encoded using a (255,248) Reed Solomon code (shortened to (26,19) code by using "padding") that can correct up to 2 byte-errors. A total of 26 code-words consist of 7 error-correction bytes, and 17 data bytes, in addition to the "Len" (8 bit field), "Enc" (4 bit field), and "End" (4 bit field). The symbol is capable of level L error correction.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 315px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 310px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:QR_Ver3_Codeword_Ordering.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Larger symbol (Ver 3, 29×29) illustrating interleaved blocks. The message has 26 data bytes and is encoded using two Reed-Solomon code blocks. Each block is a (255,233) Reed Solomon code (shortened to (35,13) code), which can correct up to 11 byte-errors in a single burst, containing 13 data bytes and 22 "parity" bytes appended to the data bytes. The two 35-byte Reed-Solomon code blocks are interleaved so it can correct up to 22 byte-errors in a single burst (resulting in a total of 70 code bytes). The symbol achieves level H error correction."><img alt="Larger symbol (Ver 3, 29×29) illustrating interleaved blocks. The message has 26 data bytes and is encoded using two Reed-Solomon code blocks. Each block is a (255,233) Reed Solomon code (shortened to (35,13) code), which can correct up to 11 byte-errors in a single burst, containing 13 data bytes and 22 "parity" bytes appended to the data bytes. The two 35-byte Reed-Solomon code blocks are interleaved so it can correct up to 22 byte-errors in a single burst (resulting in a total of 70 code bytes). The symbol achieves level H error correction." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/QR_Ver3_Codeword_Ordering.svg/280px-QR_Ver3_Codeword_Ordering.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/QR_Ver3_Codeword_Ordering.svg/420px-QR_Ver3_Codeword_Ordering.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/QR_Ver3_Codeword_Ordering.svg/560px-QR_Ver3_Codeword_Ordering.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="776" data-file-height="496" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Larger symbol (Ver 3, 29×29) illustrating interleaved blocks. The message has 26 data bytes and is encoded using two Reed-Solomon code blocks. Each block is a (255,233) Reed Solomon code (shortened to (35,13) code), which can correct up to 11 byte-errors in a single burst, containing 13 data bytes and 22 "parity" bytes appended to the data bytes. The two 35-byte Reed-Solomon code blocks are interleaved so it can correct up to 22 byte-errors in a single burst (resulting in a total of 70 code bytes). The symbol achieves level H error correction.</div> </li> </ul> <p>The general structure of a QR encoding is as a sequence of 4 bit indicators with payload length dependent on the indicator mode (e.g. byte encoding payload length is dependent on the first byte).<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Mode indicator</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Typical structure '[ type : sizes in bits ]' </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 = 0b0001</td> <td>Numeric</td> <td>[0001 : 4] [ Character Count Indicator : variable ] [ Data Bit Stream : 3<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span> × charcount ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 = 0b0010</td> <td>Alphanumeric</td> <td>[0010 : 4] [ Character Count Indicator : variable ] [ Data Bit Stream : 5<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> × charcount ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 = 0b0100</td> <td>Byte encoding</td> <td>[0100 : 4] [ Character Count Indicator : variable ] [ Data Bit Stream : 8 × charcount ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 = 0b1000</td> <td>Kanji encoding</td> <td>[1000 : 4] [ Character Count Indicator : variable ] [ Data Bit Stream : 13 × charcount ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 = 0b0011</td> <td>Structured append</td> <td>[0011 : 4] [ Symbol Position : 4 ] [ Total Symbols: 4 ] [ Parity : 8 ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 = 0b0111</td> <td>ECI</td> <td>[0111 : 4] [ ECI Assignment number : variable ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 = 0b0101</td> <td>FNC1 in first position</td> <td>[0101 : 4] [ Numeric/Alphanumeric/Byte/Kanji payload : variable ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 = 0b1001</td> <td>FNC1 in second position</td> <td>[1001 : 4] [ Application Indicator : 8 ] [ Numeric/Alphanumeric/Byte/Kanji payload : variable ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>0 = 0b0000</td> <td>End of message</td> <td>[0000 : 4] </td></tr></tbody></table> <small><div> <dl><dd>Note: <ul><li>Character Count Indicator depends on how many modules are in a QR code (Symbol Version).</li> <li>ECI Assignment number Size: <ul><li>8 × 1 bits if ECI Assignment Bitstream starts with '0'</li> <li>8 × 2 bits if ECI Assignment Bitstream starts with '10'</li> <li>8 × 3 bits if ECI Assignment Bitstream starts with '110'</li></ul></li></ul></dd></dl> </div></small> <p>Four-bit indicators are used to select the encoding mode and convey other information. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Encoding modes </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Indicator</th> <th>Meaning </th></tr> <tr> <td>0001</td> <td>Numeric encoding (10 bits per 3 digits) </td></tr> <tr> <td>0010</td> <td>Alphanumeric encoding (11 bits per 2 characters) </td></tr> <tr> <td>0100</td> <td>Byte encoding (8 bits per character) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1000</td> <td>Kanji encoding (13 bits per character) </td></tr> <tr> <td>0011</td> <td>Structured append (used to split a message across multiple QR symbols) </td></tr> <tr> <td>0111</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Extended_Channel_Interpretation" title="Extended Channel Interpretation">Extended Channel Interpretation</a> (select alternate character set or encoding) </td></tr> <tr> <td>0101</td> <td>FNC1 in first position (see <a href="/wiki/Code_128" title="Code 128">Code 128</a> for more information) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1001</td> <td>FNC1 in second position </td></tr> <tr> <td>0000</td> <td>End of message (Terminator) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Encoding modes can be mixed as needed within a QR symbol. (e.g., a url with a long string of alphanumeric characters ) </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span>[ Mode Indicator][ Mode bitstream ] --> [ Mode Indicator][ Mode bitstream ] --> etc... --> [ 0000 End of message (Terminator) ] </pre></div> <p>After every indicator that selects an encoding mode is a length field that tells how many characters are encoded in that mode. The number of bits in the length field depends on the encoding and the symbol version. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Number of bits in a length field (Character Count Indicator) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Encoding</th> <th>Ver. 1–9</th> <th>10–26</th> <th>27–40 </th></tr> <tr> <th>Numeric </th> <td>10</td> <td>12</td> <td>14 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Alphanumeric </th> <td>9</td> <td>11</td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Byte </th> <td>8</td> <td>16</td> <td>16 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Kanji </th> <td>8</td> <td>10</td> <td>12 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Alphanumeric encoding mode stores a message more compactly than the byte mode can, but cannot store lower-case letters and has only a limited selection of punctuation marks, which are sufficient for rudimentary <a href="/wiki/Web_address" class="mw-redirect" title="Web address">web addresses</a>. Two characters are coded in an 11-bit value by this formula: </p> <dl><dd>V = 45 × C<sub>1</sub> + C<sub>2</sub></dd></dl> <p>This has the exception that the last character in an alphanumeric string with an odd length is read as a 6-bit value instead. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Alphanumeric character codes </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Code</th> <th>Character</th> <th>Code</th> <th>Character</th> <th>Code</th> <th>Character</th> <th>Code</th> <th>Character</th> <th>Code</th> <th>Character </th></tr> <tr> <td>00</td> <td>0</td> <td>09</td> <td>9</td> <td>18</td> <td>I</td> <td>27</td> <td>R</td> <td>36</td> <td>Space </td></tr> <tr> <td>01</td> <td>1</td> <td>10</td> <td>A</td> <td>19</td> <td>J</td> <td>28</td> <td>S</td> <td>37</td> <td>$ </td></tr> <tr> <td>02</td> <td>2</td> <td>11</td> <td>B</td> <td>20</td> <td>K</td> <td>29</td> <td>T</td> <td>38</td> <td>% </td></tr> <tr> <td>03</td> <td>3</td> <td>12</td> <td>C</td> <td>21</td> <td>L</td> <td>30</td> <td>U</td> <td>39</td> <td>* </td></tr> <tr> <td>04</td> <td>4</td> <td>13</td> <td>D</td> <td>22</td> <td>M</td> <td>31</td> <td>V</td> <td>40</td> <td>+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>05</td> <td>5</td> <td>14</td> <td>E</td> <td>23</td> <td>N</td> <td>32</td> <td>W</td> <td>41</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>06</td> <td>6</td> <td>15</td> <td>F</td> <td>24</td> <td>O</td> <td>33</td> <td>X</td> <td>42</td> <td>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>07</td> <td>7</td> <td>16</td> <td>G</td> <td>25</td> <td>P</td> <td>34</td> <td>Y</td> <td>43</td> <td>/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>08</td> <td>8</td> <td>17</td> <td>H</td> <td>26</td> <td>Q</td> <td>35</td> <td>Z</td> <td>44</td> <td>: </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decoding_example">Decoding example</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Decoding example"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following images offer more information about the QR code. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 865px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:QRCode-1-Intro.png" class="mw-file-description" title="1 – Introduction"><img alt="1 – Introduction" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/QRCode-1-Intro.png/130px-QRCode-1-Intro.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/QRCode-1-Intro.png/194px-QRCode-1-Intro.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/QRCode-1-Intro.png/259px-QRCode-1-Intro.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="850" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1 – Introduction</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:QRCode-2-Structure.png" class="mw-file-description" title="2 – Structure"><img alt="2 – Structure" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/QRCode-2-Structure.png/130px-QRCode-2-Structure.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/QRCode-2-Structure.png/194px-QRCode-2-Structure.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/QRCode-2-Structure.png/259px-QRCode-2-Structure.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="850" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">2 – Structure</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:QRCode-3-Layout,Encoding.png" class="mw-file-description" title="3 – Layout & Encoding"><img alt="3 – Layout & Encoding" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/QRCode-3-Layout%2CEncoding.png/130px-QRCode-3-Layout%2CEncoding.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/QRCode-3-Layout%2CEncoding.png/194px-QRCode-3-Layout%2CEncoding.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/QRCode-3-Layout%2CEncoding.png/259px-QRCode-3-Layout%2CEncoding.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="850" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">3 – Layout & Encoding</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:QRCode-4-Levels,Masks.png" class="mw-file-description" title="4 – Levels & Masks"><img alt="4 – Levels & Masks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/QRCode-4-Levels%2CMasks.png/130px-QRCode-4-Levels%2CMasks.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/QRCode-4-Levels%2CMasks.png/194px-QRCode-4-Levels%2CMasks.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/QRCode-4-Levels%2CMasks.png/259px-QRCode-4-Levels%2CMasks.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="850" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">4 – Levels & Masks</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:QRCode-5-Protocols.png" class="mw-file-description" title="5 – Protocols"><img alt="5 – Protocols" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/QRCode-5-Protocols.png/130px-QRCode-5-Protocols.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/QRCode-5-Protocols.png/194px-QRCode-5-Protocols.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/QRCode-5-Protocols.png/259px-QRCode-5-Protocols.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="850" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">5 – Protocols</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Model_1">Model 1</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Model 1"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Model 1 QR code</i> is an older version of the specification. It is visually similar to the widely seen model 2 codes, but lacks alignment patterns. Differences are in the bottom right corner, and in the midsections of the bottom and right edges are additional functional regions. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:QR_Code_Model_1_Example.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Model 1 QR code example"><img alt="Model 1 QR code example" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/QR_Code_Model_1_Example.svg/100px-QR_Code_Model_1_Example.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/QR_Code_Model_1_Example.svg/150px-QR_Code_Model_1_Example.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/QR_Code_Model_1_Example.svg/200px-QR_Code_Model_1_Example.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="528" data-file-height="528" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Model 1 QR code example</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Model_1_QR_Version_2_Layout.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Model 1 QR code functional regions"><img alt="Model 1 QR code functional regions" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Model_1_QR_Version_2_Layout.svg/100px-Model_1_QR_Version_2_Layout.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Model_1_QR_Version_2_Layout.svg/150px-Model_1_QR_Version_2_Layout.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Model_1_QR_Version_2_Layout.svg/200px-Model_1_QR_Version_2_Layout.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="264" data-file-height="264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Model 1 QR code functional regions</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Micro_QR_code">Micro QR code <span class="anchor" id="micro"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Micro QR code"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Micro QR code is a smaller version of the QR code standard for applications where symbol size is limited. There are four different versions (sizes) of Micro QR codes: the smallest is 11×11 modules; the largest can hold 35 numeric characters,<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 21 <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> alphanumeric characters, or 15 bytes (128 bits). </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Micro_QR_Example.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Micro QR code example"><img alt="Micro QR code example" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Micro_QR_Example.svg/100px-Micro_QR_Example.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Micro_QR_Example.svg/150px-Micro_QR_Example.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Micro_QR_Example.svg/200px-Micro_QR_Example.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Micro QR code example</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Micro_QR_Version_3M_Layout.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Micro QR code functional regions"><img alt="Micro QR code functional regions" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Micro_QR_Version_3M_Layout.svg/100px-Micro_QR_Version_3M_Layout.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Micro_QR_Version_3M_Layout.svg/150px-Micro_QR_Version_3M_Layout.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Micro_QR_Version_3M_Layout.svg/200px-Micro_QR_Version_3M_Layout.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="152" data-file-height="152" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Micro QR code functional regions</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rectangular_Micro_QR_Code">Rectangular Micro QR Code</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Rectangular Micro QR Code"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rectangular_Micro_QR_Code" title="Rectangular Micro QR Code">Rectangular Micro QR Code</a></div> <p>Rectangular Micro QR Code (also known as rMQR Code) is two-dimensional (2D) matrix barcode invented and standardized in 2022 by Denso Wave as ISO/IEC 23941. rMQR Code is designed as a rectangular variation of QR code and has the same parameters and applications as original QR code. But rMQR Code is more suitable for the rectangular areas and has difference between width and height up to 19 in R7x139 version. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 287px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 282px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rectangular_Micro_QR_Code_Example_R17x43.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rectangular Micro QR Code (rMQR Code) example"><img alt="Rectangular Micro QR Code (rMQR Code) example" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Rectangular_Micro_QR_Code_Example_R17x43.svg/229px-Rectangular_Micro_QR_Code_Example_R17x43.svg.png" decoding="async" width="229" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Rectangular_Micro_QR_Code_Example_R17x43.svg/343px-Rectangular_Micro_QR_Code_Example_R17x43.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Rectangular_Micro_QR_Code_Example_R17x43.svg/457px-Rectangular_Micro_QR_Code_Example_R17x43.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="185" data-file-height="81" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rectangular Micro QR Code (rMQR Code) example</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="iQR_code">iQR code</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: iQR code"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>iQR code is an alternative to existing square QR codes developed by Denso Wave. iQR codes can be created in square or rectangular formations; this is intended for situations where a longer and narrower rectangular shape is more suitable, such as on cylindrical objects. iQR codes can fit the same amount of information in 30% less space. There are 61 versions of square iQR codes, and 15 versions of rectangular codes. For squares, the minimum size is 9 × 9 modules; rectangles have a minimum of 19 × 5 modules. iQR codes add error correction level S, which allows for 50% error correction.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> iQR Codes had not been given an ISO/IEC specification as of 2015, and only proprietary Denso Wave products could create or read iQR codes.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 287px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 282px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IQRCode.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="iQR code example"><img alt="iQR code example" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/IQRCode.svg/252px-IQRCode.svg.png" decoding="async" width="252" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/IQRCode.svg/378px-IQRCode.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/IQRCode.svg/504px-IQRCode.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="51" data-file-height="19" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">iQR code example</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secure_QR_code">Secure QR code<span class="anchor" id="SQR"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Secure QR code"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Secure Quick Response (SQR) code is a QR code that contains a "private data" segment after the terminator instead of the specified filler bytes "ec 11".<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This private data segment must be deciphered with an encryption key. This can be used to store private information and to manage a company's internal information.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frame_QR">Frame QR</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Frame QR"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frame_QR_Code.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Sample of Frame QR code, which appears like a typical QR code with a square cutout." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Frame_QR_Code.png/125px-Frame_QR_Code.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Frame_QR_Code.png/188px-Frame_QR_Code.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Frame_QR_Code.png/250px-Frame_QR_Code.png 2x" data-file-width="285" data-file-height="285" /></a><figcaption>Sample of a Frame QR that encodes a text message saying "This is a specimen for the Wikimedia Foundation".</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki-FQRC.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki-FQRC.png/220px-Wiki-FQRC.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki-FQRC.png/330px-Wiki-FQRC.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki-FQRC.png/440px-Wiki-FQRC.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>This shows how FrameQR can combine both the code and the image together and that the frame doesn't have to be square but could be a circle as well.</figcaption></figure> <p>Frame QR is a QR code with a "canvas area" that can be flexibly used. In the center of this code is the canvas area, where graphics, letters, and more can be flexibly arranged, making it possible to lay out the code without losing the design of illustrations, photos, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="HCC2D">HCC2D</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: HCC2D"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hcc2d.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Hcc2d.png/220px-Hcc2d.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Hcc2d.png/330px-Hcc2d.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Hcc2d.png/440px-Hcc2d.png 2x" data-file-width="1367" data-file-height="592" /></a><figcaption>Samples of the High Capacity Colored 2-Dimensional (HCC2D) code: (a) 4-color HCC2D code and (b) 8-color HCC2D code.</figcaption></figure> <p>Researchers have proposed a new High Capacity Colored 2-Dimensional (HCC2D) Code, which builds upon a QR code basis for preserving the QR robustness to distortions and uses colors for increasing data density (as of 2014 it is still in the prototyping phase). The HCC2D code specification is described in details in Querini <i>et al.</i> (2014),<sup id="cite_ref-Querini_et_al._(2014)_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Querini_et_al._(2014)-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while techniques for color classification of HCC2D code cells are described in detail in Querini and <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_F._Italiano" title="Giuseppe F. Italiano">Italiano</a> (2014),<sup id="cite_ref-Querini_and_Italiano_(2014)_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Querini_and_Italiano_(2014)-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is an extended version of Querini and Italiano (2013).<sup id="cite_ref-Querini_and_Italiano_(2013)_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Querini_and_Italiano_(2013)-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Introducing colors into QR codes requires addressing additional issues. In particular, during QR code reading only the brightness information is taken into account, while HCC2D codes have to cope with chromatic distortions during the decoding phase. In order to ensure adaptation to chromatic distortions that arise in each scanned code, HCC2D codes make use of an additional field: the Color Palette Pattern. This is because color cells of a Color Palette Pattern are supposed to be distorted in the same way as color cells of the Encoding Region. Replicated color palettes are used for training machine-learning classifiers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="AQR">AQR</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: AQR"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Accessible_QR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Accessible QR (page does not exist)">Accessible QR</a> is a type of QR code that combines a standard QR code with a dot-dash pattern positioned around one corner of the code to provide product information for people who are blind and partially sighted. The codes, announce product categories and product details such as instructions, ingredients, safety warnings, and recycling information. The data is structured for the needs of users who are blind or partially sighted and offers larger text or audio output. It can read QR codes from a metre away, activating the smartphone's accessibility features like VoiceOver to announce product details. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="License">License</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: License"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The use of QR code technology is freely licensed as long as users follow the standards for QR code documented with <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Industrial_Standards" title="Japanese Industrial Standards">JIS</a> or <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>/<a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a>. Non-standardized codes may require special licensing.<sup id="cite_ref-qrpatent01_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qrpatent01-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Denso Wave owns a number of patents on QR code technology, but has chosen to exercise them in a limited fashion.<sup id="cite_ref-qrpatent01_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qrpatent01-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In order to promote widespread usage of the technology Denso Wave chose to waive its rights to a key patent in its possession for <i>standardized</i> codes only.<sup id="cite_ref-qrstandard1_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qrstandard1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the US, the granted QR code patent is 5726435, and in Japan 2938338, both of which have expired. The <a href="/wiki/European_Patent_Office" title="European Patent Office">European Patent Office</a> granted patent 0672994 to Denso Wave, which was then validated into <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a>, UK, and German patents, all of which expired in March 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The text <i>QR Code</i> itself is a <a href="/wiki/Registered_trademark" class="mw-redirect" title="Registered trademark">registered trademark</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wordmark" title="Wordmark">wordmark</a> of Denso Wave Incorporated.<sup id="cite_ref-qrtrademark01_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qrtrademark01-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In UK, the trademark is registered as E921775, the term <i>QR Code</i>, with a filing date of 3 September 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-qrtrademarkuk_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qrtrademarkuk-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The UK version of the trademark is based on the Kabushiki Kaisha Denso (DENSO CORPORATION) trademark, filed as Trademark 000921775, the term <i>QR Code</i>, on 3 September 1998 and registered on 16 December 1999 with the European Union OHIM (Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market).<sup id="cite_ref-qrtrademarkeu_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qrtrademarkeu-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The U.S. Trademark for the term <i>QR Code</i> is Trademark 2435991 and was filed on 29 September 1998 with an amended registration date of 13 March 2001, assigned to Denso Corporation.<sup id="cite_ref-qrtrademarkus_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qrtrademarkus-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In South Korea, trademark application filed on 18 November 2011 was refused at 20 March 2012, because the <a href="/wiki/Korean_Intellectual_Property_Office" title="Korean Intellectual Property Office">Korean Intellectual Property Office</a> viewed that the phrase was <a href="/wiki/Generic_trademark" title="Generic trademark">genericized</a> among South Korean people to refer to matrix barcodes in general. <sup id="cite_ref-qrtrademarkkr_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qrtrademarkkr-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Risks">Risks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Risks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The only context in which common QR codes can carry executable data is the URL data type. These URLs may host <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> code, which can be used to exploit vulnerabilities in applications on the host system, such as the reader, the web browser, or the image viewer, since a reader will typically send the data to the application associated with the data type used by the QR code. </p><p>In the case of no software exploits, malicious QR codes combined with a permissive reader can still put a computer's contents and user's privacy at risk. This practice is known as "attagging", a <a href="/wiki/Portmanteau" class="mw-redirect" title="Portmanteau">portmanteau</a> of "attack tagging".<sup id="cite_ref-Wired_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wired-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are easily created and can be affixed over legitimate QR codes.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (October 2024)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> <sup id="cite_ref-IEEEQRRisks_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEEEQRRisks-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On a smartphone, the reader's permissions may allow use of the camera, full Internet access, read/write contact data, <a href="/wiki/GPS" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS">GPS</a>, read browser history, read/write local storage, and global system changes.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Synthesis_of_published_material" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="It is synthesizing the definition of the term from the Wired article, the SANS source saying some people abuse QR codes, and the permissions for different apps in order to come to the conclusion that the problem is QR code apps having too many permissions. Needs a source saying QR code apps have too many permissions and that can be exploited. (October 2024)">improper synthesis?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Risks include linking to dangerous web sites with browser exploits, enabling the microphone/camera/GPS, and then streaming those feeds to a remote server, analysis of sensitive data (passwords, files, contacts, transactions),<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and sending email/<a href="/wiki/Short_Message_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Short Message Service">SMS</a>/IM messages or packets for <a href="/wiki/Denial-of-service_attack" title="Denial-of-service attack">DDoS</a> as part of a <a href="/wiki/Botnet" title="Botnet">botnet</a>, corrupting privacy settings, stealing identity,<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and even containing malicious logic themselves such as JavaScript<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or a virus.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These actions could occur in the background while the user is only seeing the reader opening a seemingly harmless web page.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Russia, a malicious QR code caused phones that scanned it to send premium texts at a fee of <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">$</a>6 each.<sup id="cite_ref-Wired_105-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wired-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> QR codes have also been linked to scams in which stickers are placed on <a href="/wiki/Parking_meters" class="mw-redirect" title="Parking meters">parking meters</a> and other devices, posing as quick payment options, as seen in <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, among other cities across the United States and Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_Code" title="Aztec Code">Aztec Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_Matrix" title="Data Matrix">Data Matrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Capacity_Color_Barcode" title="High Capacity Color Barcode">High Capacity Color Barcode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JAB_Code" title="JAB Code">JAB Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF417" title="PDF417">PDF417</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QRpedia" title="QRpedia">QRpedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SnapTag" title="SnapTag">SnapTag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPARQCode" title="SPARQCode">SPARQCode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touchatag" title="Touchatag">Touchatag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MaxiCode" title="MaxiCode">MaxiCode</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHara2024" class="citation interview cs1"><a href="/wiki/Masahiro_Hara" title="Masahiro Hara">Hara, Masahiro</a> (1 October 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w5ebcowAJD8&t=2049">"I used to hate QR codes. But they're actually genius"</a> (Interview). Interviewed by <a href="/wiki/Derek_Muller" title="Derek Muller">Muller, Derek</a>. 34:09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2024</span>. <q>The biggest feature of QR codes is that they can be read quickly. It's called Quick Response because it reacts quickly.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=I+used+to+hate+QR+codes.+But+they%27re+actually+genius&rft.pages=34%3A09&rft.date=2024-10-01&rft.aulast=Hara&rft.aufirst=Masahiro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dw5ebcowAJD8%26t%3D2049&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHungYaoFangTan2020" class="citation journal cs1">Hung, Shih-Hsuan; Yao, Chih-Yuan; Fang, Yu-Jen; Tan, Ping; Lee, RuenRone; Sheffer, Alla; Chu, Hung-Kuo (1 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8632711">"Micrography QR Codes"</a>. <i>IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics</i>. <b>26</b> (9): 2834–2847. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FTVCG.2019.2896895">10.1109/TVCG.2019.2896895</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1077-2626">1077-2626</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30716038">30716038</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:73433883">73433883</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210421010504/https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8632711/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Transactions+on+Visualization+and+Computer+Graphics&rft.atitle=Micrography+QR+Codes&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=2834-2847&rft.date=2020-09-01&rft.issn=1077-2626&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A73433883%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30716038&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FTVCG.2019.2896895&rft.aulast=Hung&rft.aufirst=Shih-Hsuan&rft.au=Yao%2C+Chih-Yuan&rft.au=Fang%2C+Yu-Jen&rft.au=Tan%2C+Ping&rft.au=Lee%2C+RuenRone&rft.au=Sheffer%2C+Alla&rft.au=Chu%2C+Hung-Kuo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fdocument%2F8632711&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChenYuXuWang2019" class="citation journal cs1">Chen, Rongjun; Yu, Yongxing; Xu, Xiansheng; Wang, Leijun; Zhao, Huimin; Tan, Hong-Zhou (11 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6960674">"Adaptive Binarization of QR Code Images for Fast Automatic Sorting in Warehouse Systems"</a>. <i>Sensors</i>. <b>19</b> (24): 5466. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019Senso..19.5466C">2019Senso..19.5466C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fs19245466">10.3390/s19245466</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6960674">6960674</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31835866">31835866</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sensors&rft.atitle=Adaptive+Binarization+of+QR+Code+Images+for+Fast+Automatic+Sorting+in+Warehouse+Systems&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=24&rft.pages=5466&rft.date=2019-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6960674%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31835866&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fs19245466&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019Senso..19.5466C&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Rongjun&rft.au=Yu%2C+Yongxing&rft.au=Xu%2C+Xiansheng&rft.au=Wang%2C+Leijun&rft.au=Zhao%2C+Huimin&rft.au=Tan%2C+Hong-Zhou&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6960674&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nacs.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=D1FpVAvvJuo%3D&tabid=1426&mid=4802">"QR Code Essentials"</a>. Denso ADC. 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512180619/http://www.nacs.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=D1FpVAvvJuo%3d&tabid=1426&mid=4802">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=QR+Code+Essentials&rft.pub=Denso+ADC&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nacs.org%2FLinkClick.aspx%3Ffileticket%3DD1FpVAvvJuo%253D%26tabid%3D1426%26mid%3D4802&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-QRCodefeatures-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-QRCodefeatures_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130129064920/http://www.qrcode.com/en/qrfeature.html">"QR Code features"</a>. Denso-Wave. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qrcode.com/en/qrfeature.html">the original</a> on 29 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=QR+Code+features&rft.pub=Denso-Wave&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qrcode.com%2Fen%2Fqrfeature.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-qrcode_Rakib-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-qrcode_Rakib_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-qrcode_Rakib_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-qrcode_Rakib_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.denso-wave.com/ja/technology/vol1.html">"QRコード開発｜テクノロジー｜デンソーウェーブ"</a> [QR code development]. <i><a href="/wiki/Denso" title="Denso">Denso Wave</a></i> (in Japanese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211026134836/https://www.denso-wave.com/ja/technology/vol1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Denso+Wave&rft.atitle=QR%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%EF%BD%9C%E3%83%86%E3%82%AF%E3%83%8E%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B8%E3%83%BC%EF%BD%9C%E3%83%87%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BD%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%96&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.denso-wave.com%2Fja%2Ftechnology%2Fvol1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2072031/">"2D Barcodes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NHK_World-Japan" title="NHK World-Japan">NHK World-Japan</a>. 26 March 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200407181035/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2072031/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2D+Barcodes&rft.pub=NHK+World-Japan&rft.date=2020-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww3.nhk.or.jp%2Fnhkworld%2Fen%2Fondemand%2Fvideo%2F2072031%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20211109/p2a/00m/0bu/024000c">"From Japanese Auto Parts to Ubiquity: A Look at the History of QR Codes"</a>. <i>Mainichi Daily News</i>. 9 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211111014403/https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20211109/p2a/00m/0bu/024000c">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mainichi+Daily+News&rft.atitle=From+Japanese+Auto+Parts+to+Ubiquity%3A+A+Look+at+the+History+of+QR+Codes&rft.date=2021-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmainichi.jp%2Fenglish%2Farticles%2F20211109%2Fp2a%2F00m%2F0bu%2F024000c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200304140056/https://www.nippon.com/en/news/fnn20191214001/the-little-known-story-of-the-birth-of-the-qr-code.html">"The Little-Known Story of the Birth of the QR Code"</a>. 10 February 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nippon.com/en/news/fnn20191214001/the-little-known-story-of-the-birth-of-the-qr-code.html">the original</a> on 4 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Little-Known+Story+of+the+Birth+of+the+QR+Code&rft.date=2020-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nippon.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2Ffnn20191214001%2Fthe-little-known-story-of-the-birth-of-the-qr-code.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-qrcode_history-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-qrcode_history_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-qrcode_history_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.qrcode.com/en/history/">"History of QR Code"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Denso" title="Denso">Denso Wave</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Denso+Wave&rft.atitle=History+of+QR+Code&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.qrcode.com%2Fen%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Handbook_of_Augmented_Reality-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Handbook_of_Augmented_Reality_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Handbook_of_Augmented_Reality_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorko_Furht2011" class="citation book cs1">Borko Furht (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fG8JUdrScsYC&q=Handbook%20of%20Augmented%20Reality&pg=PA341"><i>Handbook of Augmented Reality</i></a>. Springer. p. 341. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781461400646" title="Special:BookSources/9781461400646"><bdi>9781461400646</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161221020446/https://books.google.com/books?id=fG8JUdrScsYC&lpg=PP1&dq=Handbook%20of%20Augmented%20Reality&pg=PA341">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Augmented+Reality&rft.pages=341&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781461400646&rft.au=Borko+Furht&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfG8JUdrScsYC%26q%3DHandbook%2520of%2520Augmented%2520Reality%26pg%3DPA341&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoe_Waters" class="citation web cs1">Joe Waters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dummies.com/business/marketing/social-media-marketing/how-to-use-the-top-qr-code-generators/">"How to Use the Top QR Code Generators"</a>. <i>Dummies.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170911162047/http://www.dummies.com/business/marketing/social-media-marketing/how-to-use-the-top-qr-code-generators/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dummies.com&rft.atitle=How+to+Use+the+Top+QR+Code+Generators&rft.au=Joe+Waters&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dummies.com%2Fbusiness%2Fmarketing%2Fsocial-media-marketing%2Fhow-to-use-the-top-qr-code-generators%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-About2DCode-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-About2DCode_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About2DCode_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qrcode.com/en/about/">"QR Code—About 2D Code"</a>. Denso-Wave. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160605013533/http://www.qrcode.com/en//about/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=QR+Code%E2%80%94About+2D+Code&rft.pub=Denso-Wave&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qrcode.com%2Fen%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160405065521/http://internetretailing.net/2011/08/14m-americans-scanned-qr-and-bar-codes-with-their-mobiles-in-june-2011/">"14m Americans scanned QR and bar codes with their mobiles in June 2011"</a>. 16 August 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.internetretailing.net/2011/08/14m-americans-scanned-qr-and-bar-codes-with-their-mobiles-in-june-2011/">the original</a> on 5 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=14m+Americans+scanned+QR+and+bar+codes+with+their+mobiles+in+June+2011&rft.date=2011-08-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.internetretailing.net%2F2011%2F08%2F14m-americans-scanned-qr-and-bar-codes-with-their-mobiles-in-june-2011%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/1297768/us-smartphone-users-qr-scanner/">"Mobile QR scanner usage in the U.S. 2025"</a>. <i>Statista</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statista&rft.atitle=Mobile+QR+scanner+usage+in+the+U.S.+2025&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statista.com%2Fstatistics%2F1297768%2Fus-smartphone-users-qr-scanner%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/199328/qr-code-scanners-by-age/">"U.S. and UK increase of QR code use 2020"</a>. 6 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210814001532/https://www.statista.com/statistics/199328/qr-code-scanners-by-age/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+and+UK+increase+of+QR+code+use+2020&rft.date=2021-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statista.com%2Fstatistics%2F199328%2Fqr-code-scanners-by-age%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-qrstandard1-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-qrstandard1_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-qrstandard1_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qrcode.com/en/about/standards.html">"QR Code Standardization"</a>. <i>QR Code.com</i>. Denso-Wave. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160510190940/http://www.qrcode.com/en/about/standards.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=QR+Code.com&rft.atitle=QR+Code+Standardization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qrcode.com%2Fen%2Fabout%2Fstandards.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aimglobal.site-ym.com/store/ViewProduct.aspx?id=2590968">"ISS QR Code|AIM Store: Historical Archive"</a>. Aimglobal.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160808081523/https://aimglobal.site-ym.com/store/ViewProduct.aspx?id=2590968">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISS+QR+Code%26%23124%3BAIM+Store%3A+Historical+Archive&rft.pub=Aimglobal.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faimglobal.site-ym.com%2Fstore%2FViewProduct.aspx%3Fid%3D2590968&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/standard/43655.html">"ISO/IEC 18004:2006 - Information technology  –  Automatic identification and data capture techniques  –  QR Code 2005 bar code symbology specification"</a>. <i>www.iso.org</i>. 5 February 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170308044347/https://www.iso.org/standard/43655.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.iso.org&rft.atitle=ISO%2FIEC+18004%3A2006+-+Information+technology+%26ndash%3B%26%2332%3B+Automatic+identification+and+data+capture+techniques+%26ndash%3B%26%2332%3B+QR+Code+2005+bar+code+symbology+specification&rft.date=2009-02-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fstandard%2F43655.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/standard/77404.html">"ISO/IEC 23941:2022 Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Rectangular Micro QR Code (rMQR) bar code symbology specification"</a>. ISO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230103071540/https://www.iso.org/standard/77404.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISO%2FIEC+23941%3A2022+Information+technology+%E2%80%94+Automatic+identification+and+data+capture+techniques+%E2%80%94+Rectangular+Micro+QR+Code+%28rMQR%29+bar+code+symbology+specification&rft.pub=ISO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fstandard%2F77404.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nttdocomo.co.jp/english/service/developer/make/content/barcode/function/application/index.html">"Synchronization with Native Applications"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NTT_DoCoMo" class="mw-redirect" title="NTT DoCoMo">NTT DoCoMo</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160806042046/https://www.nttdocomo.co.jp/english/service/developer/make/content/barcode/function/application/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Synchronization+with+Native+Applications&rft.pub=NTT+DoCoMo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nttdocomo.co.jp%2Fenglish%2Fservice%2Fdeveloper%2Fmake%2Fcontent%2Fbarcode%2Ffunction%2Fapplication%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSean_Owen2014" class="citation web cs1">Sean Owen (17 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/zxing/zxing/wiki/Barcode-Contents">"Barcode contents"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160215201205/https://github.com/zxing/zxing/wiki/Barcode-Contents">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=Barcode+contents&rft.date=2014-01-17&rft.au=Sean+Owen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fzxing%2Fzxing%2Fwiki%2FBarcode-Contents&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRimma_Kats2012" class="citation web cs1">Rimma Kats (23 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mobilemarketer.com/cms/news/software-technology/11930.html">"Starbucks promotes coffee blend via QR codes"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160603190211/http://www.mobilemarketer.com/cms/news/software-technology/11930.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Starbucks+promotes+coffee+blend+via+QR+codes&rft.date=2012-01-23&rft.au=Rimma+Kats&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mobilemarketer.com%2Fcms%2Fnews%2Fsoftware-technology%2F11930.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenny_Lee2012" class="citation web cs1">Jenny Lee (4 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vancouversun.com/news/staff-blogs/tescos-cool-qr-code-advertising-campaign">"Tesco's cool QR code advertising campaign"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160603022242/http://vancouversun.com/news/staff-blogs/tescos-cool-qr-code-advertising-campaign">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tesco%27s+cool+QR+code+advertising+campaign&rft.date=2012-01-04&rft.au=Jenny+Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvancouversun.com%2Fnews%2Fstaff-blogs%2Ftescos-cool-qr-code-advertising-campaign&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160629232058/https://google-developers.appspot.com/chart/infographics/docs/overview">"Getting Started with Infographics (deprecated)"</a>. <i>google-developers.appspot.com</i>. 26 May 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://google-developers.appspot.com/chart/infographics/docs/overview">the original</a> on 29 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=google-developers.appspot.com&rft.atitle=Getting+Started+with+Infographics+%28deprecated%29&rft.date=2015-05-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgoogle-developers.appspot.com%2Fchart%2Finfographics%2Fdocs%2Foverview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.708media.com/qrcode/qr-code-readers-iphone-android-blackberry-windows-phone-7/">"QR Code Readers for iPhone, Android, Blackberry and Windows Phone 7"</a>. 7 December 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110825233859/http://www.708media.com/qrcode/qr-code-readers-iphone-android-blackberry-windows-phone-7/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=QR+Code+Readers+for+iPhone%2C+Android%2C+Blackberry+and+Windows+Phone+7&rft.date=2010-12-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.708media.com%2Fqrcode%2Fqr-code-readers-iphone-android-blackberry-windows-phone-7%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?id=20121216000074&cid=1103">"QR codes on China's train tickets may leak personal information"</a>. <i>Want China Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131212064108/http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?id=20121216000074&cid=1103">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Want+China+Times&rft.atitle=QR+codes+on+China%27s+train+tickets+may+leak+personal+information&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wantchinatimes.com%2Fnews-subclass-cnt.aspx%3Fid%3D20121216000074%26cid%3D1103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNovak,_Asami2008" class="citation news cs1">Novak, Asami (23 March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/underwire/2008/03/japanese-graves/">"Japanese Gravestones Memorialize the Dead With QR Codes"</a>. Wired. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130215103156/http://www.wired.com/underwire/2008/03/japanese-graves">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Japanese+Gravestones+Memorialize+the+Dead+With+QR+Codes&rft.date=2008-03-23&rft.au=Novak%2C+Asami&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Funderwire%2F2008%2F03%2Fjapanese-graves%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skepicality160-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Skepicality160_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkepticality2011" class="citation web cs1">Skepticality (5 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.skepticality.com/paranormality/">"Paranormality"</a>. Skepticality.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150703204012/http://www.skepticality.com/paranormality/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paranormality&rft.pub=Skepticality.com&rft.date=2011-07-05&rft.au=Skepticality&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.skepticality.com%2Fparanormality%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/field-codes-displaybarcode-6d81eade-762d-4b44-ae81-f9d3d9e07be3">"Field codes: DisplayBarcode"</a>. <i>Microsoft Support</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Support&rft.atitle=Field+codes%3A+DisplayBarcode&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupport.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Foffice%2Ffield-codes-displaybarcode-6d81eade-762d-4b44-ae81-f9d3d9e07be3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.documentfoundation.org/ReleaseNotes/6.4">"LibreOffice 6.4: Release Notes"</a>. <i>The Document Foundation Wiki</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Document+Foundation+Wiki&rft.atitle=LibreOffice+6.4%3A+Release+Notes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.documentfoundation.org%2FReleaseNotes%2F6.4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.knm.nl/Herdenkingsmunt-met-QR-code-volop-in-het-nieuws/nl/news/206/?NieuwsGroepID=1&NWSY=2011&NWSM=6">"Herdenkingsmunt met QR code volop in het nieuws!"</a> [Commemorative QR code in the news!]. <i>Koninklijke Nederlandse Munt</i> (in Dutch). 21 June 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160629104956/http://www.knm.nl/Herdenkingsmunt-met-QR-code-volop-in-het-nieuws/nl/news/206/?NieuwsGroepID=1&NWSY=2011&NWSM=6">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Koninklijke+Nederlandse+Munt&rft.atitle=Herdenkingsmunt+met+QR+code+volop+in+het+nieuws%21&rft.date=2011-06-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.knm.nl%2FHerdenkingsmunt-met-QR-code-volop-in-het-nieuws%2Fnl%2Fnews%2F206%2F%3FNieuwsGroepID%3D1%26NWSY%3D2011%26NWSM%3D6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sites.visualead.me/ngp_new/">"New ₦100 Commemorative Centenary Celebration"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150908142629/http://sites.visualead.me/ngp_new/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+%E2%82%A6100+Commemorative+Centenary+Celebration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsites.visualead.me%2Fngp_new%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2015/12/23/460831232/russia-marks-crimea-annexation-with-a-banknote-rapidly-losing-value">"Russia Marks Crimea Annexation With A Banknote Rapidly Losing Value"</a>. <i>NPR</i>. 23 December 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151223201150/https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2015/12/23/460831232/russia-marks-crimea-annexation-with-a-banknote-rapidly-losing-value">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Russia+Marks+Crimea+Annexation+With+A+Banknote+Rapidly+Losing+Value&rft.date=2015-12-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fparallels%2F2015%2F12%2F23%2F460831232%2Frussia-marks-crimea-annexation-with-a-banknote-rapidly-losing-value&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFwww.ETRetail.com" class="citation web cs1">www.ETRetail.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://retail.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/e-commerce/e-tailing/with-indiaqr-launch-retail-payments-to-get-digital-edge/57158555">"With IndiaQR launch, retail payments to get digital edge - ET Retail"</a>. <i>ETRetail.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170215063349/http://retail.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/e-commerce/e-tailing/with-indiaqr-launch-retail-payments-to-get-digital-edge/57158555">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ETRetail.com&rft.atitle=With+IndiaQR+launch%2C+retail+payments+to+get+digital+edge+-+ET+Retail&rft.au=www.ETRetail.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fretail.economictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Fe-commerce%2Fe-tailing%2Fwith-indiaqr-launch-retail-payments-to-get-digital-edge%2F57158555&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/indiaqr-to-debut-on-feb-20/articleshow/57154107.cms">"IndiaQR to debut on Feb 20"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170216133710/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/indiaqr-to-debut-on-feb-20/articleshow/57154107.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=IndiaQR+to+debut+on+Feb+20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fbusiness%2Findia-business%2Findiaqr-to-debut-on-feb-20%2Farticleshow%2F57154107.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/tech/mobile/how-to-use-ios-11s-hidden-qr-code-reader/">"Apple hid a QR Code scanner in iOS 11 — here's how to use it"</a>. <i>CNET</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNET&rft.atitle=Apple+hid+a+QR+Code+scanner+in+iOS+11+%E2%80%94+here%27s+how+to+use+it&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnet.com%2Ftech%2Fmobile%2Fhow-to-use-ios-11s-hidden-qr-code-reader%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLopez2017" class="citation web cs1">Lopez, Napier (7 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thenextweb.com/news/ios-11-makes-qr-codes-cool">"iOS 11 makes QR codes cool again"</a>. <i>TNW | Apple</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TNW+%7C+Apple&rft.atitle=iOS+11+makes+QR+codes+cool+again&rft.date=2017-06-07&rft.aulast=Lopez&rft.aufirst=Napier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthenextweb.com%2Fnews%2Fios-11-makes-qr-codes-cool&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-androidnative-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-androidnative_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLacoma2018" class="citation web cs1">Lacoma, Tyler (3 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190422191127/https://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/how-to-scan-a-qr-code/">"How to Scan a QR Code"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Digital_Trends" title="Digital Trends">Digital Trends</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/how-to-scan-a-qr-code/">the original</a> on 22 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Digital+Trends&rft.atitle=How+to+Scan+a+QR+Code&rft.date=2018-10-03&rft.aulast=Lacoma&rft.aufirst=Tyler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitaltrends.com%2Fmobile%2Fhow-to-scan-a-qr-code%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shop2mobi.com/blog/tesco-qr-code-virtual-store/">"Tesco QR Code Virtual Store"</a>. 14 April 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160525160651/http://www.shop2mobi.com/blog/tesco-qr-code-virtual-store/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tesco+QR+Code+Virtual+Store&rft.date=2012-04-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shop2mobi.com%2Fblog%2Ftesco-qr-code-virtual-store%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSebastián_Campanario2011" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sebastián Campanario (16 September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ieco.clarin.com/empresas/Marketing-futurista-comprar-camara-celular_0_555544518.html">"Marketing futurista: ya se puede comprar con la cámara del celular"</a> [Futuristic marketing: it's already possible to purchase with a cellphone's camera] (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110923160016/http://www.ieco.clarin.com/empresas/Marketing-futurista-comprar-camara-celular_0_555544518.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marketing+futurista%3A+ya+se+puede+comprar+con+la+c%C3%A1mara+del+celular&rft.date=2011-09-16&rft.au=Sebasti%C3%A1n+Campanario&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ieco.clarin.com%2Fempresas%2FMarketing-futurista-comprar-camara-celular_0_555544518.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.physorg.com/news/2010-11-phone-friendly-codes-ads.html">"Marketers scatter phone-friendly codes across ads"</a>. 11 November 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230112193212/https://phys.org/news/2010-11-phone-friendly-codes-ads.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marketers+scatter+phone-friendly+codes+across+ads&rft.date=2010-11-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.physorg.com%2Fnews%2F2010-11-phone-friendly-codes-ads.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shop2mobi.com/blog/virtual-qr-code-store-examples/">"Top 10 QR Code Store examples"</a>. 14 April 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160606021802/http://www.shop2mobi.com/blog/virtual-qr-code-store-examples">Archived</a> from the original on 6 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+10+QR+Code+Store+examples&rft.date=2012-04-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shop2mobi.com%2Fblog%2Fvirtual-qr-code-store-examples%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mashable.com/2011/10/12/scvngr-levelup-redo/">"SCVNGR Unveils QR Code Payment System"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Mashable" title="Mashable">Mashable</a></i>. 12 October 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121208114335/http://mashable.com/2011/10/12/scvngr-levelup-redo/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mashable&rft.atitle=SCVNGR+Unveils+QR+Code+Payment+System&rft.date=2011-10-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmashable.com%2F2011%2F10%2F12%2Fscvngr-levelup-redo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gigaom.com/2012/01/26/mastercard-starts-piloting-qkr-mobile-payment-app/">"MasterCard starts piloting QkR mobile payment app"</a>. 26 January 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140108210253/http://gigaom.com/2012/01/26/mastercard-starts-piloting-qkr-mobile-payment-app/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MasterCard+starts+piloting+QkR+mobile+payment+app&rft.date=2012-01-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgigaom.com%2F2012%2F01%2F26%2Fmastercard-starts-piloting-qkr-mobile-payment-app%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobs" class="citation web cs1">Jacobs, Harrison. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/alipay-wechat-pay-china-mobile-payments-street-vendors-musicians-2018-5">"One photo shows that China is already in a cashless future"</a>. <i>Business Insider</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190505225750/https://www.businessinsider.com/alipay-wechat-pay-china-mobile-payments-street-vendors-musicians-2018-5">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=One+photo+shows+that+China+is+already+in+a+cashless+future&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Harrison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Falipay-wechat-pay-china-mobile-payments-street-vendors-musicians-2018-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMozur2017" class="citation news cs1">Mozur, Paul (16 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/16/business/china-cash-smartphone-payments.html">"In Urban China, Cash Is Rapidly Becoming Obsolete"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191021234322/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/16/business/china-cash-smartphone-payments.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+Urban+China%2C+Cash+Is+Rapidly+Becoming+Obsolete&rft.date=2017-07-16&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Mozur&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F07%2F16%2Fbusiness%2Fchina-cash-smartphone-payments.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/personal-finance/paying-with-your-mobile-wallet-to-get-simpler-with-interoperable-qr-codes-6026991.html">"Paying With Your Mobile Wallet To Get Simpler With Interoperable QR Codes"</a>. <i>Moneycontrol</i>. 28 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201101054850/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/personal-finance/paying-with-your-mobile-wallet-to-get-simpler-with-interoperable-qr-codes-6026991.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Moneycontrol&rft.atitle=Paying+With+Your+Mobile+Wallet+To+Get+Simpler+With+Interoperable+QR+Codes&rft.date=2020-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moneycontrol.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Fpersonal-finance%2Fpaying-with-your-mobile-wallet-to-get-simpler-with-interoperable-qr-codes-6026991.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/docs/default-source/case-studies/a-hangzhou-story.pdf?sfvrsn=2bb6690a_2">"A Hangzhou Story: The Development of China's Mobile Payment Revolution"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200626064851/https://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/docs/default-source/case-studies/a-hangzhou-story.pdf?sfvrsn=2bb6690a_2">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 26 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Hangzhou+Story%3A+The+Development+of+China%27s+Mobile+Payment+Revolution&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flkyspp.nus.edu.sg%2Fdocs%2Fdefault-source%2Fcase-studies%2Fa-hangzhou-story.pdf%3Fsfvrsn%3D2bb6690a_2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://daxueconsulting.com/payment-methods-in-china/">"Payment methods in China: How China became a mobile-first nation"</a>. <i>daxueconsulting.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200629103810/https://daxueconsulting.com/payment-methods-in-china/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=daxueconsulting.com&rft.atitle=Payment+methods+in+China%3A+How+China+became+a+mobile-first+nation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdaxueconsulting.com%2Fpayment-methods-in-china%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.czech-ba.cz/aktivity/standardy/format-pro-sdileni-platebnich-udaju-v-czk-qr-kody">"Standard - Formát pro sdílení platebních údajů v rámci tuzemského platebního styku v CZK prostřednictvím QR kódů"</a> [Standard No. 26: Format for exchanging payment information for domestic payments in CZK using QR codes] (in Czech). Czech Banking Association. November 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160603184757/https://www.czech-ba.cz/aktivity/standardy/format-pro-sdileni-platebnich-udaju-v-czk-qr-kody">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Standard+-+Form%C3%A1t+pro+sd%C3%ADlen%C3%AD+platebn%C3%ADch+%C3%BAdaj%C5%AF+v+r%C3%A1mci+tuzemsk%C3%A9ho+platebn%C3%ADho+styku+v+CZK+prost%C5%99ednictv%C3%ADm+QR+k%C3%B3d%C5%AF&rft.pub=Czech+Banking+Association&rft.date=2012-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.czech-ba.cz%2Faktivity%2Fstandardy%2Fformat-pro-sdileni-platebnich-udaju-v-czk-qr-kody&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cbaonline.cz/format-pro-sdileni-platebnich-udaju-v-czk-qr-kody">"Formát pro sdílení platebních údajů v CZK - QR kódy"</a> [Format for exchanging payment information in CZK - QR codes] (in Czech). <a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cesk%C3%A1_bankovn%C3%AD_asociace" class="extiw" title="cs:Česká bankovní asociace">Czech Banking Association</a>. August 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200216234856/https://cbaonline.cz/format-pro-sdileni-platebnich-udaju-v-czk-qr-kody">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-02-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Form%C3%A1t+pro+sd%C3%ADlen%C3%AD+platebn%C3%ADch+%C3%BAdaj%C5%AF+v+CZK+-+QR+k%C3%B3dy&rft.pub=Czech+Banking+Association&rft.date=2015-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcbaonline.cz%2Fformat-pro-sdileni-platebnich-udaju-v-czk-qr-kody&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIMDA2022" class="citation web cs1">IMDA (9 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imda.gov.sg/-/media/Imda/Files/About/Media-Releases/2018/Annex-A--Singapore-Quick-Response-Code-SGQR.pdf">"Annex A – Fact sheet on Singapore Quick Response Code (SGQR)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221205182456/https://www.imda.gov.sg/-/media/Imda/Files/About/Media-Releases/2018/Annex-A--Singapore-Quick-Response-Code-SGQR.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 5 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annex+A+%E2%80%93+Fact+sheet+on+Singapore+Quick+Response+Code+%28SGQR%29&rft.date=2022-11-09&rft.au=IMDA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imda.gov.sg%2F-%2Fmedia%2FImda%2FFiles%2FAbout%2FMedia-Releases%2F2018%2FAnnex-A--Singapore-Quick-Response-Code-SGQR.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sgqr-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sgqr_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sgqr_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonetary_Authority_of_Singapore2022" class="citation web cs1">Monetary Authority of Singapore (9 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mas.gov.sg/development/e-payments/sgqr">"Singapore Quick Response Code (SGQR)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220726112709/https://www.mas.gov.sg/development/e-payments/sgqr">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Singapore+Quick+Response+Code+%28SGQR%29&rft.date=2022-11-09&rft.au=Monetary+Authority+of+Singapore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mas.gov.sg%2Fdevelopment%2Fe-payments%2Fsgqr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaraine2012" class="citation web cs1">Naraine, Ryan (17 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130615073011/http://www.zdnet.com/blog/security/google-testing-login-authentication-via-qr-codes/10105">"Google testing login authentication via QR codes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ZDNet" class="mw-redirect" title="ZDNet">ZDNet</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdnet.com/blog/security/google-testing-login-authentication-via-qr-codes/10105">the original</a> on 15 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ZDNet&rft.atitle=Google+testing+login+authentication+via+QR+codes&rft.date=2012-01-17&rft.aulast=Naraine&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdnet.com%2Fblog%2Fsecurity%2Fgoogle-testing-login-authentication-via-qr-codes%2F10105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tokyodisneyresort.jp/ticket/usage.html">"【公式】チケットの使い方東京ディズニーリゾート"</a> (in Japanese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221020051932/https://www.tokyodisneyresort.jp/ticket/usage.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%80%90%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%8F%E3%80%91%E3%83%81%E3%82%B1%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%81%AE%E4%BD%BF%E3%81%84%E6%96%B9+%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%BA%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%82%BE%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tokyodisneyresort.jp%2Fticket%2Fusage.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usj.co.jp/ticket/guide/use.html">"ダイレクトイン（QRコード）の使い方｜USJ WEBチケットストア"</a>. <i>USJ</i> (in Japanese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221020052009/https://www.usj.co.jp/ticket/guide/use.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USJ&rft.atitle=%E3%83%80%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%EF%BC%88QR%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%EF%BC%89%E3%81%AE%E4%BD%BF%E3%81%84%E6%96%B9%EF%BD%9CUSJ+WEB%E3%83%81%E3%82%B1%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%82%A2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usj.co.jp%2Fticket%2Fguide%2Fuse.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sanfrecce.co.jp/tickets/qrcode">"QRチケットレス入場について"</a>. <i>サンフレッチェ広島オフィシャルサイト</i> (in Japanese).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%95%E3%83%AC%E3%83%83%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E5%BA%83%E5%B3%B6+%E3%82%AA%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88&rft.atitle=QR%E3%83%81%E3%82%B1%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B9%E5%85%A5%E5%A0%B4%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sanfrecce.co.jp%2Ftickets%2Fqrcode&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rakuteneagles.jp/special/qrticket/">"スマートスタジアム"</a>. <i>東北楽天ゴールデンイーグルス</i> (in Japanese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221020053037/https://www.rakuteneagles.jp/special/qrticket/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%9D%B1%E5%8C%97%E6%A5%BD%E5%A4%A9%E3%82%B4%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%87%E3%83%B3%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9&rft.atitle=%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rakuteneagles.jp%2Fspecial%2Fqrticket%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.riga.lv/en/article/new-riga-public-transport-tickets-are-sale-now">"New Riga public transport tickets are on sale now | Rīgas valstspilsētas pašvaldība"</a>. <i>www.riga.lv</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.riga.lv&rft.atitle=New+Riga+public+transport+tickets+are+on+sale+now+%7C+R%C4%ABgas+valstspils%C4%93tas+pa%C5%A1vald%C4%ABba&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.riga.lv%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fnew-riga-public-transport-tickets-are-sale-now&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://modernrestaurantmanagement.com/restaurant-qr-codes-2020s-comeback-story/">"Modern Restaurant Management | The Business of Eating & Restaurant Management News"</a>. <i>modernrestaurantmanagement.com</i>. 22 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201101185731/https://modernrestaurantmanagement.com/restaurant-qr-codes-2020s-comeback-story/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=modernrestaurantmanagement.com&rft.atitle=Modern+Restaurant+Management+%7C+The+Business+of+Eating+%26+Restaurant+Management+News&rft.date=2020-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmodernrestaurantmanagement.com%2Frestaurant-qr-codes-2020s-comeback-story%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Verge,_Kastrenakes,_9/29/20-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Verge,_Kastrenakes,_9/29/20_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Verge,_Kastrenakes,_9/29/20_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKastrenakes2020" class="citation web cs1">Kastrenakes, Jacob (29 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2020/9/29/21456594/square-qr-code-order-restaurants-pandemic-menu">"Square launches QR codes that let you order from your table at a restaurant"</a>. <i>Verge.com</i>. VOX Media LLC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201123002301/https://www.theverge.com/2020/9/29/21456594/square-qr-code-order-restaurants-pandemic-menu">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Verge.com&rft.atitle=Square+launches+QR+codes+that+let+you+order+from+your+table+at+a+restaurant&rft.date=2020-09-29&rft.aulast=Kastrenakes&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2020%2F9%2F29%2F21456594%2Fsquare-qr-code-order-restaurants-pandemic-menu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.technostarry.com/share-wi-fi-details-using-qr-code/">"Share your Wi-Fi SSID & Password using a QR Code"</a>. 19 July 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230112193217/http://www.technostarry.com/share-wi-fi-details-using-qr-code/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Share+your+Wi-Fi+SSID+%26+Password+using+a+QR+Code&rft.date=2015-07-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.technostarry.com%2Fshare-wi-fi-details-using-qr-code%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/zxing/zxing/wiki/Barcode-Contents">"zxing documentation: barcode contents"</a>. <i>GitHub</i>. zxing. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160215201205/https://github.com/zxing/zxing/wiki/Barcode-Contents">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=zxing+documentation%3A+barcode+contents&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fzxing%2Fzxing%2Fwiki%2FBarcode-Contents&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.j-cast.com/mono/2008/03/20018046.html">"モノウォッチは生まれ変わります"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151113030838/http://www.j-cast.com/mono/2008/03/20018046.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%83%A2%E3%83%8E%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A9%E3%83%83%E3%83%81%E3%81%AF%E7%94%9F%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8C%E5%A4%89%E3%82%8F%E3%82%8A%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.j-cast.com%2Fmono%2F2008%2F03%2F20018046.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Keferl2008" class="citation web cs1">Michael Keferl (20 March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120502174456/http://www.japantrends.com/qr-code-graves-give-a-memorial-window/">"QR code graves give a "Memorial Window"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Japan Trends</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japantrends.com/qr-code-graves-give-a-memorial-window/">the original</a> on 2 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Japan+Trends&rft.atitle=QR+code+graves+give+a+%22Memorial+Window%22&rft.date=2008-03-20&rft.au=Michael+Keferl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantrends.com%2Fqr-code-graves-give-a-memorial-window%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mobile.ishinokoe.co.jp/">"供養の窓 - 石の声株式会社"</a> (in Japanese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151113024828/http://mobile.ishinokoe.co.jp/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%BE%9B%E9%A4%8A%E3%81%AE%E7%AA%93+-+%E7%9F%B3%E3%81%AE%E5%A3%B0+%E6%A0%AA%E5%BC%8F%E4%BC%9A%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmobile.ishinokoe.co.jp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/blog/2011/04/seattle-company-quiring-monuments-adds.html">"Quiring Monuments adds smartphone codes to gravestones"</a>. <i>Puget Sound Business Journal</i>. 26 April 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150623145144/http://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/blog/2011/04/seattle-company-quiring-monuments-adds.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Puget+Sound+Business+Journal&rft.atitle=Quiring+Monuments+adds+smartphone+codes+to+gravestones&rft.date=2011-04-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bizjournals.com%2Fseattle%2Fblog%2F2011%2F04%2Fseattle-company-quiring-monuments-adds.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160803055928/http://www.elpais.com.uy/informacion/cementerio-judio-se-moderniza-codigos.html">"Uruguayan Jewish Cemetery QR-ified"</a> (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs_(Uruguay)" title="El País (Uruguay)">EL PAIS</a>. 24 March 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elpais.com.uy/informacion/cementerio-judio-se-moderniza-codigos.html">the original</a> on 3 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Uruguayan+Jewish+Cemetery+QR-ified&rft.pub=EL+PAIS&rft.date=2014-03-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elpais.com.uy%2Finformacion%2Fcementerio-judio-se-moderniza-codigos.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.just-drinks.com/news/pernod-ricard-to-use-qr-codes-on-all-china-packaging_id111521.aspx">"Exclusive - CHINA: Pernod Ricard to use QR codes on all China packaging"</a>. <i>www.just-drinks.com</i>. 17 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.just-drinks.com&rft.atitle=Exclusive+-+CHINA%3A+Pernod+Ricard+to+use+QR+codes+on+all+China+packaging&rft.date=2013-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.just-drinks.com%2Fnews%2Fpernod-ricard-to-use-qr-codes-on-all-china-packaging_id111521.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.monitor.co.ug/Business/Technology/Digital-tax-stamps-will-curb-fake-goods-URA--/688612-5462046-h6c29h/index.html">"Digital tax stamps will curb fake goods - URA"</a>. <i>Daily Monitor</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230112193213/https://www.monitor.co.ug/Business/Technology/Digital-tax-stamps-will-curb-fake-goods-URA--/688612-5462046-h6c29h/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Monitor&rft.atitle=Digital+tax+stamps+will+curb+fake+goods+-+URA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.monitor.co.ug%2FBusiness%2FTechnology%2FDigital-tax-stamps-will-curb-fake-goods-URA--%2F688612-5462046-h6c29h%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bakingbusiness.com/articles/49373-the-power-of-smart-packaging?v=preview">"The power of smart packaging"</a>. <i>www.bakingbusiness.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230112193223/https://www.bakingbusiness.com/articles/49373-the-power-of-smart-packaging?v=preview">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bakingbusiness.com&rft.atitle=The+power+of+smart+packaging&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bakingbusiness.com%2Farticles%2F49373-the-power-of-smart-packaging%3Fv%3Dpreview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaldiniNai_FovinoSattaTsois2015" class="citation book cs1">Baldini, Gianmarco; Nai Fovino, Igor; Satta, Riccardo; Tsois, Aris; Checchi, Enrico (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/2904eb6b-72e0-442f-a4fb-54f68ddcc30e/language-en"><i>Survey of techniques for the fight against counterfeit goods and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) infringement</i></a>. Luxembourg: European Commission. Joint Research Centre, Publications Office. pp. 28, 89–92. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-79-54543-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-79-54543-6"><bdi>978-92-79-54543-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/948769705">948769705</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Survey+of+techniques+for+the+fight+against+counterfeit+goods+and+Intellectual+Property+Rights+%28IPR%29+infringement.&rft.place=Luxembourg&rft.pages=28%2C+89-92&rft.pub=European+Commission.+Joint+Research+Centre%2C+Publications+Office&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F948769705&rft.isbn=978-92-79-54543-6&rft.aulast=Baldini&rft.aufirst=Gianmarco&rft.au=Nai+Fovino%2C+Igor&rft.au=Satta%2C+Riccardo&rft.au=Tsois%2C+Aris&rft.au=Checchi%2C+Enrico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fop.europa.eu%2Fen%2Fpublication-detail%2F-%2Fpublication%2F2904eb6b-72e0-442f-a4fb-54f68ddcc30e%2Flanguage-en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarron2015" class="citation web cs1">Carron, Cecilia (6 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phys.org/news/2015-05-combatting-counterfeiting-qr-codes.html">"Combatting counterfeiting using QR codes"</a>. <i>phys.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230112193214/https://phys.org/news/2015-05-combatting-counterfeiting-qr-codes.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=phys.org&rft.atitle=Combatting+counterfeiting+using+QR+codes&rft.date=2015-05-06&rft.aulast=Carron&rft.aufirst=Cecilia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphys.org%2Fnews%2F2015-05-combatting-counterfeiting-qr-codes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiMesserLiMesser2019" class="citation journal cs1">Li, Tongzhe; Messer, Kent D.; Li, Tongzhe; Messer, Kent D. (2019). Li, Tongzhe; Messer, Kent D. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/287977/">"To Scan or Not to Scan: The Question of Consumer Behavior and QR Codes on Food Packages"</a>. <i>Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.22004%2Fag.econ.287977">10.22004/ag.econ.287977</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1068-5502">1068-5502</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201101071952/https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/287977/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Resource+Economics&rft.atitle=To+Scan+or+Not+to+Scan%3A+The+Question+of+Consumer+Behavior+and+QR+Codes+on+Food+Packages&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.22004%2Fag.econ.287977&rft.issn=1068-5502&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Tongzhe&rft.au=Messer%2C+Kent+D.&rft.au=Li%2C+Tongzhe&rft.au=Messer%2C+Kent+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fageconsearch.umn.edu%2Frecord%2F287977%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKimWoo2016" class="citation journal cs1">Kim, Yeong Gug; Woo, Eunju (1 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0963996916301880">"Consumer acceptance of a quick response (QR) code for the food traceability system: Application of an extended technology acceptance model (TAM)"</a>. <i>Food Research International</i>. <b>85</b>: 266–272. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.foodres.2016.05.002">10.1016/j.foodres.2016.05.002</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0963-9969">0963-9969</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29544844">29544844</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Research+International&rft.atitle=Consumer+acceptance+of+a+quick+response+%28QR%29+code+for+the+food+traceability+system%3A+Application+of+an+extended+technology+acceptance+model+%28TAM%29&rft.volume=85&rft.pages=266-272&rft.date=2016-07-01&rft.issn=0963-9969&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29544844&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.foodres.2016.05.002&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Yeong+Gug&rft.au=Woo%2C+Eunju&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0963996916301880&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://futurefoodasia.com/2019/11/smartpackaging/">"Behind Every Smart Product is Smart Packaging | Future Food Asia"</a>. <i>futurefoodasia.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200621002517/https://futurefoodasia.com/2019/11/smartpackaging/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=futurefoodasia.com&rft.atitle=Behind+Every+Smart+Product+is+Smart+Packaging+%7C+Future+Food+Asia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffuturefoodasia.com%2F2019%2F11%2Fsmartpackaging%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeger2020" class="citation web cs1">Leger, Benjamin (27 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.225batonrouge.com/food-drink/qr-codes-replacing-physical-menus-restaurants">"QR codes are replacing physical menus at restaurants"</a>. <i>[225]</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201101020017/https://www.225batonrouge.com/food-drink/qr-codes-replacing-physical-menus-restaurants">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%5B225%5D&rft.atitle=QR+codes+are+replacing+physical+menus+at+restaurants&rft.date=2020-10-27&rft.aulast=Leger&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.225batonrouge.com%2Ffood-drink%2Fqr-codes-replacing-physical-menus-restaurants&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abc-qr-code-tracing-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-abc-qr-code-tracing_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPurtill2020" class="citation news cs1">Purtill, James (19 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2020-11-20/covid-19-coronavirus-why-so-many-qr-code-check-in-systems/12895678">"The proliferation of QR code check-ins is a 'dog's breakfast'. Is there a better way?"</a>. <i>www.abc.net.au</i>. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210130230912/https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2020-11-20/covid-19-coronavirus-why-so-many-qr-code-check-in-systems/12895678">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.abc.net.au&rft.atitle=The+proliferation+of+QR+code+check-ins+is+a+%27dog%27s+breakfast%27.+Is+there+a+better+way%3F&rft.date=2020-11-19&rft.aulast=Purtill&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2Fscience%2F2020-11-20%2Fcovid-19-coronavirus-why-so-many-qr-code-check-in-systems%2F12895678&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHristova2021" class="citation web cs1">Hristova, Bobby (28 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/qr-code-hamilton-covid-19-1.6299207">"Ontarians need QR code to prove vaccination next week. Here's what you need to know"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211231015635/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/qr-code-hamilton-covid-19-1.6299207">Archived</a> from the original on 31 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ontarians+need+QR+code+to+prove+vaccination+next+week.+Here%27s+what+you+need+to+know&rft.date=2021-12-28&rft.aulast=Hristova&rft.aufirst=Bobby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fhamilton%2Fqr-code-hamilton-covid-19-1.6299207&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qrcode.com/en/about/version.html">"Information capacity and versions of QR Code"</a>. Denso-Wave. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160529014826/http://www.qrcode.com/en/about/version.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Information+capacity+and+versions+of+QR+Code&rft.pub=Denso-Wave&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qrcode.com%2Fen%2Fabout%2Fversion.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120915/http://www.tec-it.com/de/support/knowbase/symbologies/qrcode/Default.aspx">"2D Barcode: QR-Code"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tec-it.com/de/support/knowbase/symbologies/qrcode/Default.aspx">the original</a> on 15 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2D+Barcode%3A+QR-Code&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tec-it.com%2Fde%2Fsupport%2Fknowbase%2Fsymbologies%2Fqrcode%2FDefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span> — TEC-IT</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton_Chan2011" class="citation web cs1">Hamilton Chan (18 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120710/http://mashable.com/2011/04/18/qr-code-design-tips/">"HOW TO: Make Your QR Codes More Beautiful"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Mashable" title="Mashable">Mashable</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mashable.com/2011/04/18/qr-code-design-tips/">the original</a> on 10 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mashable&rft.atitle=HOW+TO%3A+Make+Your+QR+Codes+More+Beautiful&rft.date=2011-04-18&rft.au=Hamilton+Chan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmashable.com%2F2011%2F04%2F18%2Fqr-code-design-tips%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrli_Sharaby2010" class="citation web cs1">Orli Sharaby (18 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120708/http://blog.360i.com/emerging-media/creative-qr-codes">"Form Meets Function: Extreme Makeover QR Code Edition"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.360i.com/emerging-media/creative-qr-codes">the original</a> on 8 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Form+Meets+Function%3A+Extreme+Makeover+QR+Code+Edition&rft.date=2010-10-18&rft.au=Orli+Sharaby&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.360i.com%2Femerging-media%2Fcreative-qr-codes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuss_Cox2012" class="citation web cs1">Russ Cox (12 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150321031237/http://research.swtch.com/qart">"QArt Codes: How to make pictures with QR codes, part II"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://research.swtch.com/qart">the original</a> on 21 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=QArt+Codes%3A+How+to+make+pictures+with+QR+codes%2C+part+II&rft.date=2012-04-12&rft.au=Russ+Cox&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresearch.swtch.com%2Fqart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuss_Cox2012" class="citation web cs1">Russ Cox (12 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://research.swtch.com/qr/draw">"QArt Coder"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150424073132/http://research.swtch.com/qr/draw">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=QArt+Coder&rft.date=2012-04-12&rft.au=Russ+Cox&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresearch.swtch.com%2Fqr%2Fdraw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuptaAhsanAndrei2018" class="citation journal cs1">Gupta, Kishor Datta; Ahsan, Md Manjurul; Andrei, Stefan (January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323676167">"Extending the Storage Capacity And Noise Reduction of a Faster QR-Code"</a>. <i>Brain Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience</i>. <b>9</b> (1): 59–71.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+Broad+Research+in+Artificial+Intelligence+and+Neuroscience&rft.atitle=Extending+the+Storage+Capacity+And+Noise+Reduction+of+a+Faster+QR-Code&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=59-71&rft.date=2018-01&rft.aulast=Gupta&rft.aufirst=Kishor+Datta&rft.au=Ahsan%2C+Md+Manjurul&rft.au=Andrei%2C+Stefan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F323676167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ISO/IEC 18004:2006(E) § 6.4 Data encoding; Table 3 – Number of bits in character count indicator for QR code 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Information technology – Automatic identification and data capture techniques – QR Code 2005 bar code symbology specification, ISO/IEC 18004:2006 cor. 2009, pages 3, 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gs1jp.org/pdf/001.pdf#34">"QR Code Overview & Progress of QR Code Applications"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130520174630/http://www.gs1jp.org/pdf/001.pdf#34">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 20 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=QR+Code+Overview+%26+Progress+of+QR+Code+Applications&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gs1jp.org%2Fpdf%2F001.pdf%2334&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qrcode.com/en/codes/iqr.html">"iQR Code – QRcode.com – DENSO WAVE"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150907022008/http://www.qrcode.com/en/codes/iqr.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=iQR+Code+%E2%80%93+QRcode.com+%E2%80%93+DENSO+WAVE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qrcode.com%2Fen%2Fcodes%2Fiqr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fukuchi.org/works/qrhack/qrhack1.html">"Embedding Secret Data in QR Code"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181030090645/https://fukuchi.org/works/qrhack/qrhack1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Embedding+Secret+Data+in+QR+Code&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffukuchi.org%2Fworks%2Fqrhack%2Fqrhack1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qrcode.com/en/codes/sqrc.html">"SQRC"</a>. <i>qrcode.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180101191507/http://www.qrcode.com/en/codes/sqrc.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=qrcode.com&rft.atitle=SQRC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qrcode.com%2Fen%2Fcodes%2Fsqrc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qrcode.com/en/codes/frameqr.html">"Frame QR"</a>. <i>qrcode.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171220045522/http://www.qrcode.com/en/codes/frameqr.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=qrcode.com&rft.atitle=Frame+QR&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qrcode.com%2Fen%2Fcodes%2Fframeqr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Querini_et_al._(2014)-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Querini_et_al._(2014)_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304033918/http://www.tmrfindia.org/ijcsa/v8i19.pdf">"2D Color Barcodes for Mobile Phones"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tmrfindia.org/ijcsa/v8i19.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2D+Color+Barcodes+for+Mobile+Phones&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tmrfindia.org%2Fijcsa%2Fv8i19.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Querini_and_Italiano_(2014)-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Querini_and_Italiano_(2014)_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150724205900/http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/1820-0214/2014/1820-02141400054Q.pdf">"Reliability and data density in high capacity color barcodes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/1820-0214/2014/1820-02141400054Q.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reliability+and+data+density+in+high+capacity+color+barcodes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doiserbia.nb.rs%2Fimg%2Fdoi%2F1820-0214%2F2014%2F1820-02141400054Q.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Querini_and_Italiano_(2013)-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Querini_and_Italiano_(2013)_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fedcsis.org/proceedings/2013/pliks/67.pdf">"Color classifiers for 2D color barcodes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Fedcsis.org</i>. 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150724212247/https://fedcsis.org/proceedings/2013/pliks/67.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 24 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fedcsis.org&rft.atitle=Color+classifiers+for+2D+color+barcodes&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffedcsis.org%2Fproceedings%2F2013%2Fpliks%2F67.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-qrpatent01-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-qrpatent01_98-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-qrpatent01_98-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qrcode.com/en/patent.html">"About the patent"</a>. Denso-Wave. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160625222315/http://www.qrcode.com/en/patent.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+patent&rft.pub=Denso-Wave&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qrcode.com%2Fen%2Fpatent.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://register.dpma.de/DPMAregister/pat/register?lang=en&AKZ=E951035112">"DPA"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180726114452/https://register.dpma.de/DPMAregister/pat/register?lang=en&AKZ=E951035112">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DPA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fregister.dpma.de%2FDPMAregister%2Fpat%2Fregister%3Flang%3Den%26AKZ%3DE951035112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bases-brevets.inpi.fr/en/document-en/EP0672994.html">"INPI"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160813045501/http://bases-brevets.inpi.fr/en/document-en/EP0672994.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=INPI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbases-brevets.inpi.fr%2Fen%2Fdocument-en%2FEP0672994.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipo.gov.uk/p-ipsum/Case/PublicationNumber/EP0672994">"UK IPO"</a>. 9 March 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190614231752/https://www.ipo.gov.uk/p-ipsum/Case/PublicationNumber/EP0672994">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UK+IPO&rft.date=2013-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipo.gov.uk%2Fp-ipsum%2FCase%2FPublicationNumber%2FEP0672994&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-qrtrademark01-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-qrtrademark01_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120915/http://www.qrcode.com/en/index.html">"QR Code.com"</a>. Denso-Wave. 6 November 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qrcode.com/en/index.html">the original</a> on 15 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=QR+Code.com&rft.pub=Denso-Wave&rft.date=2003-11-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qrcode.com%2Fen%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-qrtrademarkuk-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-qrtrademarkuk_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120915/http://www.ipo.gov.uk/types/tm/t-os/t-find/t-find-number?detailsrequested=C&trademark=E921775">"UK QR Code Trademark"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipo.gov.uk/types/tm/t-os/t-find/t-find-number?detailsrequested=C&trademark=E921775">the original</a> on 15 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UK+QR+Code+Trademark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipo.gov.uk%2Ftypes%2Ftm%2Ft-os%2Ft-find%2Ft-find-number%3Fdetailsrequested%3DC%26trademark%3DE921775&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-qrtrademarkeu-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-qrtrademarkeu_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120915/http://esearch.oami.europa.eu/copla/trademark/data/000921775">"EU QR Code Trademark"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esearch.oami.europa.eu/copla/trademark/data/000921775">the original</a> on 15 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EU+QR+Code+Trademark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fesearch.oami.europa.eu%2Fcopla%2Ftrademark%2Fdata%2F000921775&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-qrtrademarkus-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-qrtrademarkus_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120915/http://tess2.uspto.gov/bin/showfield?f=doc&state=4010:nrb6eh.2.6">"US QR Code Trademark"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tess2.uspto.gov/bin/showfield?f=doc&state=4010:nrb6eh.2.6">the original</a> on 15 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+QR+Code+Trademark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftess2.uspto.gov%2Fbin%2Fshowfield%3Ff%3Ddoc%26state%3D4010%3Anrb6eh.2.6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-qrtrademarkkr-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-qrtrademarkkr_104-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20231118080058/http://engdtj.kipris.or.kr/engdtj/grrt1000a.do?method=biblioTMFrame&masterKey=4020100059499&index=1&kindOfReq=A&valid_fg=&rights=TM&KeyWord=4020100059499&applno=4020100059499&Gubun=1&sCurrPage=1&searchFg=N&expression=4020100059499&openPageId=View01&isMyConcern=N&isMyFolder=N&config=/main/sharePage_EN.jsp,%20className=jeus_jspwork._main._700_sharePage_5fEN_5fjsp,%20jspUri='/main/sharePage_EN.jsp">"KR QR Code Trademark Application"</a>. 2010. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.8080%2F4020100059499">10.8080/4020100059499</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.8080/4020100059499?urlappend=en">the original</a> on 18 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=KR+QR+Code+Trademark+Application&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.8080%2F4020100059499&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.8080%2F4020100059499%3Furlappend%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wired-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wired_105-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wired_105-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"Jargon Watch", <i><a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a></i>, vol. 20, no. 1, p. 22, January 2012</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Jargon+Watch&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=22&rft.date=2012-01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120713/http://isc.sans.edu/diary.html?storyid=11305">"Malicious Images: What's a QR Code"</a>. SANS Technology Institute. 3 August 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isc.sans.edu/diary.html?storyid=11305">the original</a> on 13 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Malicious+Images%3A+What%27s+a+QR+Code&rft.pub=SANS+Technology+Institute&rft.date=2011-08-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fisc.sans.edu%2Fdiary.html%3Fstoryid%3D11305&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IEEEQRRisks-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IEEEQRRisks_107-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaqas2021" class="citation web cs1">Waqas, Iam (19 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.computer.org/publications/tech-news/trends/qr-code-risks">"Risks of Using QR Codes and How To Mitigate it – Not As Safe as You Think"</a>. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Risks+of+Using+QR+Codes+and+How+To+Mitigate+it+%E2%80%93+Not+As+Safe+as+You+Think&rft.pub=Institute+of+Electrical+and+Electronics+Engineers+%28IEEE%29&rft.date=2021-10-19&rft.aulast=Waqas&rft.aufirst=Iam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.computer.org%2Fpublications%2Ftech-news%2Ftrends%2Fqr-code-risks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120915/https://market.android.com/details?id=com.google.zxing.client.android">"Barcode Scanner"</a>. 1 June 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://market.android.com/details?id=com.google.zxing.client.android">the original</a> on 15 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Barcode+Scanner&rft.date=2011-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmarket.android.com%2Fdetails%3Fid%3Dcom.google.zxing.client.android&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120915/https://market.android.com/details?id=la.droid.qr">"QR Droid"</a>. 19 August 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://market.android.com/details?id=la.droid.qr">the original</a> on 15 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=QR+Droid&rft.date=2011-08-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmarket.android.com%2Fdetails%3Fid%3Dla.droid.qr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120915/https://market.android.com/details?id=com.ScanLife">"ScanLife Barcode Reader"</a>. 24 May 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://market.android.com/details?id=com.ScanLife">the original</a> on 15 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ScanLife+Barcode+Reader&rft.date=2011-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmarket.android.com%2Fdetails%3Fid%3Dcom.ScanLife&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120715/http://sandiego.bbb.org/article/consumer-alert-qr-code-safety-28037">"Consumer Alert: QR Code Safety"</a>. Better Business Bureau. 23 June 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sandiego.bbb.org/article/consumer-alert-qr-code-safety-28037">the original</a> on 15 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Consumer+Alert%3A+QR+Code+Safety&rft.pub=Better+Business+Bureau&rft.date=2011-06-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsandiego.bbb.org%2Farticle%2Fconsumer-alert-qr-code-safety-28037&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120907/http://www.pcworld.idg.com.au/mediareleases/12655/avg-aunz-cautions-beware-of-malicious-qr-codes/">"AVG Cautions: Beware of Malicious QR Codes"</a>. PC World. 28 June 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcworld.idg.com.au/mediareleases/12655/avg-aunz-cautions-beware-of-malicious-qr-codes/">the original</a> on 7 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AVG+Cautions%3A+Beware+of+Malicious+QR+Codes&rft.pub=PC+World&rft.date=2011-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcworld.idg.com.au%2Fmediareleases%2F12655%2Favg-aunz-cautions-beware-of-malicious-qr-codes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120915/https://appsec-labs.com/blog/tag/qrcode">"EvilQR – When QRCode goes bad"</a>. AppSec-Labs Blog. 14 August 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://appsec-labs.com/blog/tag/qrcode">the original</a> on 15 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EvilQR+%E2%80%93+When+QRCode+goes+bad&rft.pub=AppSec-Labs+Blog&rft.date=2011-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fappsec-labs.com%2Fblog%2Ftag%2Fqrcode&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120728/http://www.cyveillanceblog.com/malware/qr-codes-a-recipe-for-a-mobile-malware-tsunami">"QR Codes: A Recipe for a Mobile Malware Tsunami"</a>. Cyveillance, Inc. 20 October 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cyveillanceblog.com/malware/qr-codes-a-recipe-for-a-mobile-malware-tsunami">the original</a> on 28 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=QR+Codes%3A+A+Recipe+for+a+Mobile+Malware+Tsunami&rft.pub=Cyveillance%2C+Inc&rft.date=2010-10-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cyveillanceblog.com%2Fmalware%2Fqr-codes-a-recipe-for-a-mobile-malware-tsunami&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">QR codes hold up to 2.9 KB whereas the smallest known computer virus is about one-tenth that size <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120915/http://www.wiw.org/~meta/vlad.php?read=ARTICLE.5_2&issue=3&desc=Small%20Virus">"The Smallest Virus I Could Manage"</a>. Virus Labs and Distribution. 1995. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wiw.org/~meta/vlad.php?read=ARTICLE.5_2&issue=3&desc=Small%20Virus">the original</a> on 15 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Smallest+Virus+I+Could+Manage&rft.pub=Virus+Labs+and+Distribution&rft.date=1995&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wiw.org%2F~meta%2Fvlad.php%3Fread%3DARTICLE.5_2%26issue%3D3%26desc%3DSmall%2520Virus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120801/http://www.abc.net.au/technology/articles/2011/06/08/3238443.htm">"Beware of Malicious QR Codes"</a>. ABC. 8 June 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/technology/articles/2011/06/08/3238443.htm">the original</a> on 1 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beware+of+Malicious+QR+Codes&rft.pub=ABC&rft.date=2011-06-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Ftechnology%2Farticles%2F2011%2F06%2F08%2F3238443.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBinder" class="citation web cs1">Binder, Matt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mashable.com/article/beware-qr-code-scams">"Beware the QR code scams"</a>. <i>Mashable</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220117232136/https://mashable.com/article/beware-qr-code-scams">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mashable&rft.atitle=Beware+the+QR+code+scams&rft.aulast=Binder&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmashable.com%2Farticle%2Fbeware-qr-code-scams&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVincent2022" class="citation web cs1">Vincent, James (12 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2022/1/12/22879728/phishing-scam-parking-meter-qr-code-austin-san-antonio">"The latest phishing scam to watch out for: fraudulent QR codes on parking meters"</a>. <i>The Verge</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220117150704/https://www.theverge.com/2022/1/12/22879728/phishing-scam-parking-meter-qr-code-austin-san-antonio">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=The+latest+phishing+scam+to+watch+out+for%3A+fraudulent+QR+codes+on+parking+meters&rft.date=2022-01-12&rft.aulast=Vincent&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2022%2F1%2F12%2F22879728%2Fphishing-scam-parking-meter-qr-code-austin-san-antonio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWodinsky2022" class="citation web cs1">Wodinsky, Shoshana (12 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gizmodo.com/scammers-are-using-qr-codes-to-plunder-parking-meter-pa-1848347940">"Scammers Are Using QR Codes to Plunder Parking Meter Payments"</a>. <i>Gizmodo</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220118224352/https://gizmodo.com/scammers-are-using-qr-codes-to-plunder-parking-meter-pa-1848347940">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gizmodo&rft.atitle=Scammers+Are+Using+QR+Codes+to+Plunder+Parking+Meter+Payments&rft.date=2022-01-12&rft.aulast=Wodinsky&rft.aufirst=Shoshana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgizmodo.com%2Fscammers-are-using-qr-codes-to-plunder-parking-meter-pa-1848347940&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>BS ISO/IEC 18004:2006. Information technology. Automatic identification and data capture techniques. Bar code symbology. QR Code</i>. <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>: <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>/<a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a>. 2000. p. 114. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/60816353">60816353</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=BS+ISO%2FIEC+18004%3A2006.+Information+technology.+Automatic+identification+and+data+capture+techniques.+Bar+code+symbology.+QR+Code&rft.place=Geneva&rft.pages=114&rft.pub=ISO%2FIEC&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F60816353&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://knowledge.bsigroup.com/products/information-technology-automatic-identification-and-data-capture-techniques-qr-code-2005-bar-code-symbology-specification/standard"><i>BS ISO/IEC 18004:2006. Information technology. Automatic identification and data capture techniques. QR Code 2005 bar code symbology specification</i></a>. London: <a href="/wiki/British_Standards_Institution" class="mw-redirect" title="British Standards Institution">BSI</a>. 2007. p. 126. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-580-67368-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-580-67368-9"><bdi>978-0-580-67368-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=BS+ISO%2FIEC+18004%3A2006.+Information+technology.+Automatic+identification+and+data+capture+techniques.+QR+Code+2005+bar+code+symbology+specification&rft.place=London&rft.pages=126&rft.pub=BSI&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-580-67368-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fknowledge.bsigroup.com%2Fproducts%2Finformation-technology-automatic-identification-and-data-capture-techniques-qr-code-2005-bar-code-symbology-specification%2Fstandard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQR+code" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QR_code&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:QR_codes" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:QR codes">QR codes</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Reed%E2%80%93Solomon_codes_for_coders" class="extiw" title="v:Reed–Solomon codes for coders">Reed Solomon Codes for Coders</a> – an elaborate tutorial on Wikiversity, covering both QR code structure and the Reed Solomon codes used to encode the data.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Barcodes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Barcodes" title="Template:Barcodes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Barcodes" title="Template talk:Barcodes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Barcodes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Barcodes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Barcodes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Barcode" title="Barcode">Barcodes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Linear barcodes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KarTrak" title="KarTrak">Automatic Car Identification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_11" title="Code 11">Code 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_39" title="Code 39">Code 39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_93" title="Code 93">Code 93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_128" title="Code 128">Code 128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codabar" title="Codabar">Codabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Article_Number" title="International Article Number">European Article Number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GS1_DataBar" class="mw-redirect" title="GS1 DataBar">GS1 DataBar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_2_of_5" title="Industrial 2 of 5">Industrial 2 of 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleaved_2_of_5" title="Interleaved 2 of 5">Interleaved 2 of 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITF-14" class="mw-redirect" title="ITF-14">ITF-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrix_2_of_5" title="Matrix 2 of 5">Matrix 2 of 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSI_Barcode" title="MSI Barcode">MSI Barcode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patch_Code" title="Patch Code">Patch Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmacode" title="Pharmacode">Pharmacode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plessey_Code" title="Plessey Code">Plessey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telepen" title="Telepen">Telepen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Product_Code" title="Universal Product Code">UPC</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><table> <tbody><tr><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UPC_A.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/UPC_A.svg/82px-UPC_A.svg.png" decoding="async" width="82" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/UPC_A.svg/123px-UPC_A.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/UPC_A.svg/164px-UPC_A.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="667" data-file-height="481" /></a></span></td> </tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Universal_Product_Code" title="Universal Product Code">UPC-A</a></td> </tr><tr><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MaxiCode.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/MaxiCode.svg/70px-MaxiCode.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/MaxiCode.svg/105px-MaxiCode.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/MaxiCode.svg/140px-MaxiCode.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="384" /></a></span></td> </tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/MaxiCode" title="MaxiCode">MaxiCode</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mail" title="Mail">Post office</a> barcodes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CPC_Binary_Barcode" title="CPC Binary Barcode">CPC Binary Barcode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facing_Identification_Mark" title="Facing Identification Mark">Facing Identification Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PostBar" title="PostBar">PostBar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POSTNET" title="POSTNET">POSTNET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RM4SCC" title="RM4SCC">RM4SCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_Mail_barcode" title="Intelligent Mail barcode">Intelligent Mail barcode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_Alpha_Numeric_Encoding_Technique" title="Postal Alpha Numeric Encoding Technique">PLANET</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2D barcodes (stacked)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Codablock" title="Codablock">Codablock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GS1_DataBar" class="mw-redirect" title="GS1 DataBar">GS1 DataBar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroPDF417" title="MicroPDF417">MicroPDF417</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF417" title="PDF417">PDF417</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2D barcodes (<a href="/wiki/Matrix_(mathematics)" title="Matrix (mathematics)">matrix</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_Code" title="Aztec Code">Aztec Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_Matrix" title="Data Matrix">Data Matrix</a> (<a href="/wiki/Semacode" title="Semacode">Semacode</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DotCode" title="DotCode">DotCode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Xin_code" title="Han Xin code">Han Xin code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JAB_Code" title="JAB Code">JAB Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MaxiCode" title="MaxiCode">MaxiCode</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">QR code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectangular_Micro_QR_Code" title="Rectangular Micro QR Code">rMQR Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxing_barcode" title="Boxing barcode">Boxing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polar_coordinate_system" title="Polar coordinate system">Polar coordinate</a> barcodes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MaxiCode" title="MaxiCode">MaxiCode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ShotCode" title="ShotCode">ShotCode</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Capacity_Color_Barcode" title="High Capacity Color Barcode">High Capacity Color Barcode (Microsoft Tag)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technological issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barcode_library" title="Barcode library">Barcode library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcode_printer" title="Barcode printer">Barcode printer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcode_reader" title="Barcode reader">Barcode reader</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other data tags</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio-frequency_identification" title="Radio-frequency identification">RFID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bokode" title="Bokode">Bokode</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supply_chain_management" title="Supply chain management">Supply chain management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_hyperlinking" title="Object hyperlinking">Object hyperlinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrix_(mathematics)" title="Matrix (mathematics)">Matrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_tagging" title="Mobile tagging">Mobile tagging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CueCat" title="CueCat">CueCat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Barcodes" title="Category:Barcodes">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Barcode" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Barcode">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="ISO_standards_by_standard_number" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ISO_standards" title="Template:ISO standards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ISO_standards" title="Template talk:ISO standards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ISO_standards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ISO standards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="ISO_standards_by_standard_number" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a> standards <span class="nobold">by standard number</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>List of <a href="/wiki/List_of_ISO_standards" title="List of ISO standards">ISO standards</a> – <a href="/wiki/List_of_ISO_romanizations" title="List of ISO romanizations">ISO romanizations</a> – <a href="/wiki/List_of_IEC_standards" title="List of IEC standards">IEC standards</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1–9999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1" title="ISO 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2" title="ISO 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renard_series" title="Renard series">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4" title="ISO 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Standard_Pipe" title="British Standard Pipe">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9" title="ISO 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A440_(pitch_standard)" title="A440 (pitch standard)">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renard_series" title="Renard series">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31" title="ISO 31">31</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-0" title="ISO 31-0">-0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-1" title="ISO 31-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-3" title="ISO 31-3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-4" title="ISO 31-4">-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-5" title="ISO 31-5">-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-6" title="ISO 31-6">-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-7" title="ISO 31-7">-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-8" title="ISO 31-8">-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-9" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 31-9">-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-10" title="ISO 31-10">-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-11" title="ISO 31-11">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-12" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 31-12">-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-13" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 31-13">-13</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_metric_screw_thread" title="ISO metric screw thread">68-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_128" title="ISO 128">128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_216" title="ISO 216">216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_217" title="ISO 217">217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal-loudness_contour" title="Equal-loudness contour">226</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Standard_Pipe" title="British Standard Pipe">228</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_233" title="ISO 233">233</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_259" title="ISO 259">259</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_metric_screw_thread" title="ISO metric screw thread">261</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_metric_screw_thread" title="ISO metric screw thread">262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_number" title="Kappa number">302</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicat_softening_point" title="Vicat softening point">306</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazard_symbol#Ionizing_radiation_symbol" title="Hazard symbol">361</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_take-off" title="Power take-off">500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_shoe" title="Hot shoe">518</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prontor-Compur" title="Prontor-Compur">519</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">639</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-5" title="ISO 639-5">-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-6" title="ISO 639-6">-6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_657" title="ISO 657">657</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_668" title="ISO 668">668</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_690" title="ISO 690">690</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_704" title="ISO 704">704</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_732" title="ISO 732">732</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimagnetic_watch" title="Antimagnetic watch">764</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hole_punch" title="Hole punch">838</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_843" title="ISO 843">843</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_860" title="ISO 860">860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_898" title="ISO 898">898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_965" title="ISO 965">965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_999" title="ISO 999">999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1000" title="ISO 1000">1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_ink_character_recognition" title="Magnetic ink character recognition">1004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/135_film" title="135 film">1007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCR-A" title="OCR-A">1073-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCR-B" title="OCR-B">1073-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longitudinal_redundancy_check" title="Longitudinal redundancy check">1155</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock-resistant_watch#ISO_1413_shock-resistant_standard" title="Shock-resistant watch">1413</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_60" title="ALGOL 60">1538</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1629" title="ISO 1629">1629</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1745" title="ISO 1745">1745</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2014" title="ISO 2014">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2015" title="ISO 2015">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022" title="ISO/IEC 2022">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2033" title="ISO 2033">2033</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2047" title="ISO 2047">2047</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">2108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2145" title="ISO 2145">2145</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2146" title="ISO 2146">2146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">2240</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Resistant_mark" title="Water Resistant mark">2281</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Atmosphere" title="International Standard Atmosphere">2533</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2709" title="ISO 2709">2709</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2711" title="ISO 2711">2711</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">2720</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2788" title="ISO 2788">2788</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2848" title="ISO 2848">2848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2852" title="ISO 2852">2852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2921" title="ISO 2921">2921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/126_film" title="126 film">3029</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3103" title="ISO 3103">3103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">3166</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1" title="ISO 3166-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2" title="ISO 3166-2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-3" title="ISO 3166-3">-3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">3297</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3307" title="ISO 3307">3307</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-ring" title="O-ring">3601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunrei-shiki_romanization" title="Kunrei-shiki romanization">3602</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3864" title="ISO 3864">3864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Recording_Code" title="International Standard Recording Code">3901</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FDI_World_Dental_Federation_notation" title="FDI World Dental Federation notation">3950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3977" title="ISO 3977">3977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4031" title="ISO 4031">4031</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4157" title="ISO 4157">4157</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4165" title="ISO 4165">4165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">4217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_4909" title="ISO/IEC 4909">4909</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_5218" title="ISO/IEC 5218">5218</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5426" title="ISO 5426">5426</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5427" title="ISO 5427">5427</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5428" title="ISO 5428">5428</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accuracy_and_precision" title="Accuracy and precision">5725</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5775" title="ISO 5775">5775</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5776" title="ISO 5776">5776</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">5800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowchart" title="Flowchart">5807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5964" title="ISO 5964">5964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Securities_Identification_Number" title="International Securities Identification Number">6166</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6344" title="ISO 6344">6344</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6346" title="ISO 6346">6346</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimal_BASIC" title="Minimal BASIC">6373</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6385" title="ISO 6385">6385</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Resistant_mark" title="Water Resistant mark">6425</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_code" title="ANSI escape code">6429</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6438" title="ISO 6438">6438</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_6523" title="ISO/IEC 6523">6523</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6709" title="ISO 6709">6709</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6943" title="ISO 6943">6943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7001" title="ISO 7001">7001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7002" title="ISO 7002">7002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7010" title="ISO 7010">7010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7027" title="ISO 7027">7027</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7064" title="ISO/IEC 7064">7064</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinyin">7098</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">7185</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7200" title="ISO 7200">7200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSI_model" title="OSI model">7498</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OSI_model" title="OSI model">-1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7637" title="ISO 7637">7637</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7736" title="ISO 7736">7736</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7810" title="ISO/IEC 7810">7810</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7811" title="ISO/IEC 7811">7811</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7812" title="ISO/IEC 7812">7812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7813" title="ISO/IEC 7813">7813</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7816" title="ISO/IEC 7816">7816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_Kernel_System" title="Graphical Kernel System">7942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8000" title="ISO 8000">8000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-board_diagnostics" title="On-board diagnostics">8093</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8178" title="ISO 8178">8178</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_oil" title="Fuel oil">8217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8373" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8373">8373</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8501-1" title="ISO 8501-1">8501-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FTAM" title="FTAM">8571</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8583" title="ISO 8583">8583</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8601" title="ISO 8601">8601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Document_Architecture" title="Open Document Architecture">8613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Graphics_Metafile" title="Computer Graphics Metafile">8632</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_Kernel_System" title="Graphical Kernel System">8651</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8652" title="ISO/IEC 8652">8652</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8691" title="ISO 8691">8691</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_Kernel_System" title="Graphical Kernel System">8805/8806</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_Of_Temporal_Ordering_Specification" class="mw-redirect" title="Language Of Temporal Ordering Specification">8807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuse_(automotive)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuse (automotive)">8820-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">8859</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1" title="ISO/IEC 8859-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-2" title="ISO/IEC 8859-2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-3" title="ISO/IEC 8859-3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-4" title="ISO/IEC 8859-4">-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-5" title="ISO/IEC 8859-5">-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-6" title="ISO/IEC 8859-6">-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-7" title="ISO/IEC 8859-7">-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-8" title="ISO/IEC 8859-8">-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-8859-8-I" title="ISO-8859-8-I">-8-I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-9" title="ISO/IEC 8859-9">-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-10" title="ISO/IEC 8859-10">-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-11" title="ISO/IEC 8859-11">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-12" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 8859-12">-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-13" title="ISO/IEC 8859-13">-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-14" title="ISO/IEC 8859-14">-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-15" title="ISO/IEC 8859-15">-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-16" title="ISO/IEC 8859-16">-16</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Generalized_Markup_Language" title="Standard Generalized Markup Language">8879</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9000" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 9000">9000/9001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASMO_449" title="ASMO 449">9036</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">9075</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9126" title="ISO/IEC 9126">9126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-board_diagnostics" title="On-board diagnostics">9141</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_spray_test" title="Salt spray test">9227</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9241" title="ISO 9241">9241</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">9293</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber_Distributed_Data_Interface" title="Fiber Distributed Data Interface">9314</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9362" title="ISO 9362">9362</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe_size" title="Shoe size">9407</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHILL" title="CHILL">9496</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_Message_Specification" title="Manufacturing Message Specification">9506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9529" title="ISO/IEC 9529">9529</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9564" title="ISO 9564">9564</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHIGS" title="PHIGS">9592/9593</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X.500" title="X.500">9594</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9660" title="ISO 9660">9660</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9797-1" title="ISO/IEC 9797-1">9797-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9897" title="ISO 9897">9897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_C" title="ANSI C">9899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">9945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Georgian" title="Romanization of Georgian">9984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Armenian" title="Romanization of Armenian">9985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9995" title="ISO/IEC 9995">9995</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10000–19999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10006" title="ISO 10006">10006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10007" title="ISO 10007">10007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10116" title="ISO/IEC 10116">10116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whirlpool_(hash_function)" title="Whirlpool (hash function)">10118-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10160" title="ISO 10160">10160</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10161" title="ISO 10161">10161</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guidelines_for_the_Definition_of_Managed_Objects" title="Guidelines for the Definition of Managed Objects">10165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Style_Semantics_and_Specification_Language" title="Document Style Semantics and Specification Language">10179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)#ISO/IEC_10206:1990_Extended_Pascal" title="Pascal (programming language)">10206</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10218" title="ISO 10218">10218</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_BASIC" title="Full BASIC">10279</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303" title="ISO 10303">10303</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EXPRESS_(data_modeling_language)" title="EXPRESS (data modeling language)">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303-21" title="ISO 10303-21">-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303-22" title="ISO 10303-22">-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303-28" title="ISO 10303-28">-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEP-NC" title="STEP-NC">-238</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_Identifier_Code" title="Market Identifier Code">10383</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ArmSCII" title="ArmSCII">10585</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IS-IS" title="IS-IS">10589</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10628" title="ISO 10628">10628</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Coded_Character_Set" title="Universal Coded Character Set">10646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torx" title="Torx">10664</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RM-ODP" title="RM-ODP">10746</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multibus" title="Multibus">10861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Music_Number" title="International Standard Music Number">10957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10962" title="ISO 10962">10962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10967" title="ISO/IEC 10967">10967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEEE_11073" title="ISO/IEEE 11073">11073</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11170" title="ISO 11170">11170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1" title="MPEG-1">11172</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11179" title="ISO/IEC 11179">11179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11404" title="ISO/IEC 11404">11404</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG" title="JBIG">11544</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11783" title="ISO 11783">11783</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11784_and_ISO_11785" title="ISO 11784 and ISO 11785">11784</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11784_and_ISO_11785" title="ISO 11784 and ISO 11785">11785</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11801" title="ISO/IEC 11801">11801</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trusted_Platform_Module" title="Trusted Platform Module">11889</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAN_bus#CAN_lower-layer_standards" title="CAN bus">11898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11940" title="ISO 11940">11940</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_11940-2" title="ISO 11940-2">-2</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/TR_11941" title="ISO/TR 11941">11941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/TR_11941" title="ISO/TR 11941">11941 (TR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11992" title="ISO 11992">11992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_12006" title="ISO 12006">12006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DICOM" title="DICOM">12052</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_TR_12182" title="ISO/IEC TR 12182">12182</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_12207" title="ISO/IEC 12207">12207</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIFF/EP" title="TIFF/EP">12234-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_categories#ISO_12620_(ISO_TC37_Data_Category_Registry,_ISOcat)" title="Linguistic categories">12620</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">13211</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isofix" title="Isofix">13216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topic_map" title="Topic map">13250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13399" title="ISO 13399">13399</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13406-2" title="ISO 13406-2">13406-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/110_film" title="110 film">13450</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13485" title="ISO 13485">13485</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13490" title="ISO 13490">13490</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13567" title="ISO 13567">13567</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_notation" title="Z notation">13568</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13584" title="ISO 13584">13584</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Bank_Account_Number" title="International Bank Account Number">13616</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISLISP" title="ISLISP">13816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">13818</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14000" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 14000">14000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14031" title="ISO 14031">14031</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14224" title="ISO 14224">14224</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/UA" title="PDF/UA">14289</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsepower" title="Horsepower">14396</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14443" title="ISO/IEC 14443">14443</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">14496</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_2" title="MPEG-4 Part 2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_3" title="MPEG-4 Part 3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delivery_Multimedia_Integration_Framework" title="Delivery Multimedia Integration Framework">-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_11" title="MPEG-4 Part 11">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_base_media_file_format" title="ISO base media file format">-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP4_file_format" title="MP4 file format">-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP4_file_format" title="MP4 file format">-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP4_file_format" title="MP4 file format">-20</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14617" title="ISO 14617">14617</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14644" title="ISO 14644">14644</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEP-NC" title="STEP-NC">14649</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14651" title="ISO/IEC 14651">14651</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14698" title="ISO 14698">14698</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_maintenance" title="Software maintenance">14764</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">14882</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14971" title="ISO 14971">14971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15022" title="ISO 15022">15022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15189" title="ISO 15189">15189</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15288" title="ISO/IEC 15288">15288</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ada_Semantic_Interface_Specification" title="Ada Semantic Interface Specification">15291</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15398" title="ISO 15398">15398</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Criteria" title="Common Criteria">15408</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_2000" title="JPEG 2000">15444</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motion_JPEG_2000" title="Motion JPEG 2000">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPIP" title="JPIP">-9</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">15445</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF417" title="PDF417">15438</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15504" title="ISO/IEC 15504">15504</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Identifier_for_Libraries_and_Related_Organizations" title="International Standard Identifier for Libraries and Related Organizations">15511</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15686" title="ISO 15686">15686</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15693" title="ISO/IEC 15693">15693</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Audiovisual_Number" title="International Standard Audiovisual Number">15706</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Audiovisual_Number" title="International Standard Audiovisual Number">-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Musical_Work_Code" title="International Standard Musical Work Code">15707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15897" title="ISO/IEC 15897">15897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15919" title="ISO 15919">15919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">15924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15926" title="ISO 15926">15926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15926_WIP" title="ISO 15926 WIP">15926 WIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/X" title="PDF/X">15930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-7" title="MPEG-7">15938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MaxiCode" title="MaxiCode">16023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">16262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_function_deployment" title="Quality function deployment">16355-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_raster_content" title="Mixed raster content">16485</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/VT" title="PDF/VT">16612-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_16750" title="ISO 16750">16750</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IATF_16949" title="IATF 16949">16949 (TS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_17024" title="ISO/IEC 17024">17024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_17025" title="ISO/IEC 17025">17025</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_17100" title="ISO 17100">17100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Virtualization_Format" title="Open Virtualization Format">17203</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDMX" title="SDMX">17369</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Entity_Identifier" title="Legal Entity Identifier">17442</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COLLADA" title="COLLADA">17506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27002" title="ISO/IEC 27002">17799</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">18004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_18014" title="ISO/IEC 18014">18014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XL" title="JPEG XL">18181</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_18245" title="ISO 18245">18245</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_Specification_Language" title="Process Specification Language">18629</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_Activity_Test" title="Photographic Activity Test">18916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/A" title="PDF/A">19005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19011" title="ISO 19011">19011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19092-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19092-1">19092</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19092-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19092-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19092-2" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19092-2">-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19114" title="ISO 19114">19114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geospatial_metadata#ISO_19115:_Geographic_information_–_Metadata" title="Geospatial metadata">19115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Features" title="Simple Features">19125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_Markup_Language#ISO_19136" title="Geography Markup Language">19136</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe_size" title="Shoe size">19407</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19439" title="ISO 19439">19439</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Object_Request_Broker_Architecture" title="Common Object Request Broker Architecture">19500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language">19501</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta-Object_Facility" title="Meta-Object Facility">19502</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Metadata_Interchange" title="XML Metadata Interchange">19503</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language">19505</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_Discovery_Metamodel" title="Knowledge Discovery Metamodel">19506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_Constraint_Language" title="Object Constraint Language">19507</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta-Object_Facility" title="Meta-Object Facility">19508</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Metadata_Interchange" title="XML Metadata Interchange">19509</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_Process_Model_and_Notation" title="Business Process Model and Notation">19510</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19600" title="ISO 19600">19600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19752" title="ISO/IEC 19752">19752</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RELAX_NG" title="RELAX NG">19757</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19770" title="ISO/IEC 19770">19770</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X3D" title="X3D">19775-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19794-5" title="ISO/IEC 19794-5">19794-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_Infrastructure_Management_Interface" title="Cloud Infrastructure Management Interface">19831</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20000–29999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_20000" title="ISO/IEC 20000">20000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_20022" title="ISO 20022">20022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_20121" title="ISO 20121">20121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_20400" title="ISO 20400">20400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Data_Protocol" title="Open Data Protocol">20802</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Xin_code" title="Han Xin code">20830</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-21" title="MPEG-21">21000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_21001" title="ISO 21001">21001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Text_Code" title="International Standard Text Code">21047</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XS" title="JPEG XS">21122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_21500" title="ISO 21500">21500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_21827" title="ISO/IEC 21827">21827</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22000" title="ISO 22000">22000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">22275</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22300" title="ISO 22300">22300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22301" title="ISO 22301">22301</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22395" title="ISO 22395">22395</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript_for_XML" title="ECMAScript for XML">22537</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-A" title="MPEG-A">23000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-D" title="MPEG-D">23003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H" title="MPEG-H">23008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Adaptive_Streaming_over_HTTP" title="Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP">23009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">23090-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-G" title="MPEG-G">23092</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essential_Video_Coding" title="Essential Video Coding">23094-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCEVC" title="LCEVC">23094-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">23270</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure">23271</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Standard_Base" title="Linux Standard Base">23360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectangular_Micro_QR_Code" title="Rectangular Micro QR Code">23941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/E" title="PDF/E">24517</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexical_Markup_Framework" title="Lexical Markup Framework">24613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-TimeML" title="ISO-TimeML">24617</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Logic" title="Common Logic">24707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroPDF417" title="MicroPDF417">24728</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_25178" title="ISO 25178">25178</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_25964" title="ISO 25964">25964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_26000" title="ISO 26000">26000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_26262" title="ISO 26262">26262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenDocument" title="OpenDocument">26300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">26324</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27000-series" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 27000-series">27000 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27000" title="ISO/IEC 27000">27000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27001" title="ISO/IEC 27001">27001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27002" title="ISO/IEC 27002">27002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27005" title="ISO/IEC 27005">27005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27006" title="ISO/IEC 27006">27006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">27729</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_28000" title="ISO 28000">28000</a></li> <li>29110</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Requirements_engineering" title="Requirements engineering">29148</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XR" title="JPEG XR">29199-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_Open_XML" title="Office Open XML">29500</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">30000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">30170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31000" title="ISO 31000">31000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">32000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_37001" title="ISO 37001">37001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_38500" title="ISO/IEC 38500">38500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graph_Query_Language" title="Graph Query Language">39075</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Content_Accessibility_Guidelines" title="Web Content Accessibility Guidelines">40500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_42010" title="ISO/IEC 42010">42010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_45001" title="ISO 45001">45001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_50001" title="ISO 50001">50001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_55000" title="ISO 55000">55000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_56000" title="ISO 56000">56000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_80000" title="ISO/IEC 80000">80000</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:ISO_standards" title="Category:ISO standards">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12203#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12203#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12203#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/7853424-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2012001140">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01014551">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="QR kódy"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph884110&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Kvadrātkodi"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000337574&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000340780&P_CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007528548605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elmcip.net/node/10518">ELMCIP</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=QR_code&oldid=1258911642">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=QR_code&oldid=1258911642</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1994_introductions" title="Category:1994 introductions">1994 introductions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Automatic_identification_and_data_capture" title="Category:Automatic identification and data capture">Automatic identification and data capture</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Barcodes" title="Category:Barcodes">Barcodes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Encodings" title="Category:Encodings">Encodings</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hypermedia" title="Category:Hypermedia">Hypermedia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Japanese_inventions" title="Category:Japanese inventions">Japanese inventions</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Japanese-language_sources_(ja)" title="Category:CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)">CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Dutch-language_sources_(nl)" title="Category:CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)">CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Czech-language_sources_(cs)" title="Category:CS1 Czech-language sources (cs)">CS1 Czech-language sources (cs)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_June_2022" title="Category:Use dmy dates from June 2022">Use dmy dates from June 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_October_2021" title="Category:Articles to be expanded from October 2021">Articles to be expanded from October 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_expanded" title="Category:All articles to be expanded">All articles to be expanded</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2024" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2024">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_March_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from March 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_failed_verification" title="Category:All articles with failed verification">All articles with failed verification</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_failed_verification_from_June_2017" title="Category:Articles with failed verification from June 2017">Articles with failed verification from June 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_that_are_too_technical_from_January_2024" title="Category:Wikipedia articles that are too technical from January 2024">Wikipedia articles that are too technical from January 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_that_are_too_technical" title="Category:All articles that are too technical">All articles that are too technical</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_failed_verification_from_October_2024" title="Category:Articles with failed verification from October 2024">Articles with failed verification from October 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_that_may_contain_original_research_from_October_2024" title="Category:Articles that may contain original research from October 2024">Articles that may contain original research from October 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 November 2024, at 09:04<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=QR_code&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-7pnpd","wgBackendResponseTime":167,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.480","walltime":"1.736","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8093,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":300442,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":5350,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":15,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":13,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":480821,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1382.965 1 -total"," 54.18% 749.307 1 Template:Reflist"," 33.85% 468.093 104 Template:Cite_web"," 7.31% 101.112 2 Template:Navbox"," 7.14% 98.802 1 Template:Cite_interview"," 6.95% 96.126 1 Template:Barcodes"," 5.72% 79.071 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.03% 69.558 5 Template:Fix"," 3.89% 53.762 1 Template:Commonscat"," 3.62% 50.074 1 Template:Sister_project"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.867","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6515026,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-j4d7q","timestamp":"20241122140722","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"QR code","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/QR_code","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q12203","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q12203","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-07-16T03:01:20Z","dateModified":"2024-11-22T09:04:55Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d0\/QR_code_for_mobile_English_Wikipedia.svg","headline":"type of matrix barcode (trademarked name)"}</script> </body> </html>