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collapse</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: collapse"> <meta name="keywords" content="collapse"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="collapse"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 339</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: collapse</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">339</span> Assessment of Collapse Potential of Degrading SDOF Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muzaffer%20Borekci">Muzaffer Borekci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murat%20Serdar%20Kir%C3%A7il"> Murat Serdar Kirçil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Predicting the collapse potential of a structure during earthquakes is an important issue in earthquake engineering. Many researchers proposed different methods to assess the collapse potential of structures under the effect of strong ground motions. However most of them did not consider degradation and softening effect in hysteretic behavior. In this study, collapse potential of SDOF systems caused by dynamic instability with stiffness and strength degradation has been investigated. An equation was proposed for the estimation of collapse period of SDOF system which is a limit value of period for dynamic instability. If period of the considered SDOF system is shorter than the collapse period then the relevant system exhibits dynamic instability and collapse occurs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collapse" title="collapse">collapse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degradation" title=" degradation"> degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20instability" title=" dynamic instability"> dynamic instability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20response" title=" seismic response "> seismic response </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19772/assessment-of-collapse-potential-of-degrading-sdof-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19772.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">338</span> Collapse Surface Definition of Clayey Sands</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omid%20Naeemifar">Omid Naeemifar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Naeimifar"> Ibrahim Naeimifar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roza%20Rahbari"> Roza Rahbari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It has been shown that a certain collapse surface may be defined for loose sands in the three dimensional space in which the sample sand experiences collapse and instability leading to an unsteady and strain-softening behaviour. The unsteady state due to collapse surface may lead to such phenomena in the sand as liquefaction and flow behaviour during undrained loading. Investigating the existence of the collapse surface in Firoozkooh 161 sand and its different clay mixtures with various plasticities, the present study aims to carry out an in-depth investigation of the effects of clay percent and its plasticity on the clayey sand behaviours. The results obtained indicate that collapse surface characteristics largely depend on fine percent and its plasticity. Interesting findings are also reported in this paper on the effects of fine sand percent and its plasticity on the behavioural characteristics and liquefaction potential of clayey sands. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20state" title="critical state">critical state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collapse%20surface" title=" collapse surface"> collapse surface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquefaction" title=" liquefaction"> liquefaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clayey%20sand" title=" clayey sand"> clayey sand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38207/collapse-surface-definition-of-clayey-sands" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38207.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">337</span> Directing the Forensic Investigation of a Catastrophic Structure Collapse: The Jacksonville Parking Garage Collapse</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20C.%20Bracken">William C. Bracken</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses the forensic investigation of a fatality-involved catastrophic structure collapse and the special challenges faced when tasked with directing such an effort. While this paper discusses the investigation’s findings and the outcome of the event; this paper’s primary focus is on the challenges faced directing a forensic investigation that requires coordinating with governmental oversight while also having to accommodate multiple parties’ investigative teams. In particular the challenges discussed within this paper included maintaining on-site safety and operations while accommodating outside investigator’s interests. In addition this paper discusses unique challenges that one may face such as what to do about unethical conduct of interested party’s investigative teams, “off the record” sharing of information, and clandestinely transmitted evidence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catastrophic%20structure%20collapse" title="catastrophic structure collapse">catastrophic structure collapse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collapse%20investigation" title=" collapse investigation"> collapse investigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jacksonville%20parking%20garage%20collapse" title=" Jacksonville parking garage collapse"> Jacksonville parking garage collapse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20investigation" title=" forensic investigation"> forensic investigation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24535/directing-the-forensic-investigation-of-a-catastrophic-structure-collapse-the-jacksonville-parking-garage-collapse" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24535.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">336</span> A New Approach to Retrofit Steel Moment Resisting Frame Structures after Mainshock</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20H.%20Farivarrad">Amir H. Farivarrad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiarash%20M.%20Dolatshahi"> Kiarash M. Dolatshahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During earthquake events, aftershocks can significantly increase the probability of collapse of buildings, especially for those with induced damages during the mainshock. In this paper, a practical approach is proposed for seismic rehabilitation of mainshock-damaged buildings that can be easily implemented within few days after the mainshock. To show the efficacy of the proposed method, a case study nine story steel moment frame building is chosen which was designed to pre-Northridge codes. The collapse fragility curve for the aftershock is presented for both the retrofitted and non-retrofitted structures. Comparison of the collapse fragility curves shows that the proposed method is indeed applicable to reduce the seismic collapse risk. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aftershock" title="aftershock">aftershock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20collapse%20fragility%20curve" title=" the collapse fragility curve"> the collapse fragility curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20rehabilitation" title=" seismic rehabilitation"> seismic rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20retrofitting" title=" seismic retrofitting"> seismic retrofitting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30748/a-new-approach-to-retrofit-steel-moment-resisting-frame-structures-after-mainshock" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30748.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">335</span> Non-Singular Gravitational Collapse of a Homogeneous Scalar Field in Deformed Phase Space</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Hadi%20Ziaie">Amir Hadi Ziaie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present work, we revisit the collapse process of a spherically symmetric homogeneous scalar field (in FRW background) minimally coupled to gravity, when the phase-space deformations are taken into account. Such a deformation is mathematically introduced as a particular type of noncommutativity between the canonical momenta of the scale factor and of the scalar field. In the absence of such deformation, the collapse culminates in a spacetime singularity. However, when the phase-space is deformed, we find that the singularity is removed by a non-singular bounce, beyond which the collapsing cloud re-expands to infinity. More precisely, for negative values of the deformation parameter, we identify the appearance of a negative pressure, which decelerates the collapse to finally avoid the singularity formation. While in the un-deformed case, the horizon curve monotonically decreases to finally cover the singularity, in the deformed case the horizon has a minimum value that this value depends on deformation parameter and initial configuration of the collapse. Such a setting predicts a threshold mass for black hole formation in stellar collapse and manifests the role of non-commutative geometry in physics and especially in stellar collapse and supernova explosion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravitational%20collapse" title="gravitational collapse">gravitational collapse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-commutative%20geometry" title=" non-commutative geometry"> non-commutative geometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spacetime%20singularity" title=" spacetime singularity"> spacetime singularity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20hole%20physics" title=" black hole physics"> black hole physics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52267/non-singular-gravitational-collapse-of-a-homogeneous-scalar-field-in-deformed-phase-space" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52267.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">334</span> Aftershock Collapse Capacity Assessment of Mid-Rise Steel Moment Frames Subjected to As-Recorded Mainshock-Aftershock</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammadmehdi%20Torfehnejada">Mohammadmehdi Torfehnejada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serhan%20Senso"> Serhan Senso</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aftershock collapse capacity of Special Steel Moment Frames (SSMFs) is evaluated under aftershock earthquakes by considering building heights 8 and 12 stories. The assessment evaluates the residual collapse capacity under aftershock excitation when various levels of damage have been induced by the mainshock. For this purpose, incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) under aftershock follows the mainshock imposing the intended damage level. The study results indicate that aftershock collapse capacity of this structure may decrease remarkably when the structure is subjected to large mainshock damage. The capacity reduction under aftershock is finally related to the mainshock damage level through regression equations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aftershock%20collapse%20capacity" title="aftershock collapse capacity">aftershock collapse capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=special%20steel%20moment%20frames" title=" special steel moment frames"> special steel moment frames</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mainshock-aftershock%20sequences" title=" mainshock-aftershock sequences"> mainshock-aftershock sequences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incremental%20dynamic%20analysis" title=" incremental dynamic analysis"> incremental dynamic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mainshock%20damage" title=" mainshock damage"> mainshock damage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144073/aftershock-collapse-capacity-assessment-of-mid-rise-steel-moment-frames-subjected-to-as-recorded-mainshock-aftershock" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144073.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">333</span> Evaluation of Progressive Collapse of Transmission Tower</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeong-Hwan%20Choi">Jeong-Hwan Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyo-Sang%20Park"> Hyo-Sang Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae-Hyung%20Lee"> Tae-Hyung Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The transmission tower is one of the crucial lifeline structures in a modern society, and it needs to be protected against extreme loading conditions. However, the transmission tower is a very complex structure and, therefore, it is very difficult to simulate the actual damage and the collapse behavior of the tower structure. In this study, the actual collapse behavior of the transmission tower due to lateral loading conditions such as wind load is evaluated through the computational simulation. For that, a progressive collapse procedure is applied to the simulation. In this procedure, after running the simulation, if a member of the tower structure fails, the failed member is removed and the simulation run again. The 154kV transmission tower is selected for this study. The simulation is performed by nonlinear static analysis procedure, namely pushover analysis, using OpenSEES, an earthquake simulation platform. Three-dimensional finite element models of those towers are developed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission%20tower" title="transmission tower">transmission tower</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OpenSEES" title=" OpenSEES"> OpenSEES</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pushover" title=" pushover"> pushover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=progressive%20collapse" title=" progressive collapse"> progressive collapse</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56404/evaluation-of-progressive-collapse-of-transmission-tower" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56404.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">332</span> Assessment of Causes of Building Collapse in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olufemi%20Oyedele">Olufemi Oyedele</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Building collapse (BC) in Nigeria is becoming a regular occurrence, each recording great casualties in the number of lives and materials lost. Building collapse is a situation where building which has been completed and occupied, completed but not occupied or under construction, collapses on its own due to action or inaction of man or due to natural event like earthquake, storm, flooding, tsunami or wildfire. It is different from building demolition. There are various causes of building collapse and each case requires expert judgment to decide the cause of its collapse. Rate of building collapse is a reflection of the level of organization and control of building activities and degree of sophistication of the construction professionals in a country. This study explored the use of case study by examining the causes of six (6) collapsed buildings (CB) across Nigeria. Samples of materials from the sites of the collapsed buildings were taken for testing and analysis, while critical observations were made at the sites to note the conditions of the ground (building base). The study found out that majority of the building collapses in Nigeria were due to poor workmanship, sub-standard building materials, followed by bad building base and poor design. The National Building Code 2006 is not effective due to lack of enforcement and the Physical Development Departments of states and Federal Capital Territory are just mere agents of corruption allowing all types of construction without building approvals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20collapse" title="building collapse">building collapse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20tests" title=" concrete tests"> concrete tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20settlement" title=" differential settlement"> differential settlement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrity%20test" title=" integrity test"> integrity test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20control" title=" quality control"> quality control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57378/assessment-of-causes-of-building-collapse-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57378.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">535</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">331</span> Non-Singular Gravitational Collapse of a Dust Cloud in Einstein-Cartan Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Hadi%20Ziaie">Amir Hadi Ziaie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mostafa%20Hashemi"> Mostafa Hashemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahram%20Jalalzadeh"> Shahram Jalalzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is now known that the end state of the collapse process of a dense star under its own gravity is the formation of a spacetime singularity. This is the spacetime event where the energy density and spacetime curvature diverge, and the classical general relativity breaks down. As we know, a realistic star is composed of fermions so that their spin effects could alter the final fate of the collapse scenario. The underlying theory within which the inclusion of spin effects can be worked out is the Einstein-Cartan theory. In this theory, the spacetime torsion which is defined as a geometrical quantity, is related to an intrinsic angular momentum of fermions (spin). In this work, we study the collapse process of a homogeneous spin fluid in such a framework and show that taking into account the spin effects of the collapsing cloud could prevent the formation of spacetime singularity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravitational%20collapse" title="gravitational collapse">gravitational collapse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=einstein-cartan%20theory" title=" einstein-cartan theory"> einstein-cartan theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spacetime%20singularity" title=" spacetime singularity"> spacetime singularity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20hole%20physics" title=" black hole physics"> black hole physics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50866/non-singular-gravitational-collapse-of-a-dust-cloud-in-einstein-cartan-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50866.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">330</span> A Case Study of the Ground Collapse Due to Excavation Using Non-Destructive Testing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ki-Cheong%20Yoo">Ki-Cheong Yoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yushik%20Han"> Yushik Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heejeung%20Sohn"> Heejeung Sohn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinwoo%20Kim"> Jinwoo Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A ground collapse can be caused by natural and artificial factors. Ground collapses that have occurred frequently in Korea were observed and classified into different types by the main contributing factor. In this study, ground collapse induced by groundwater level disturbance in an excavation site was analyzed. Also, ground loosening region around the excavation site was detected and analyzed using non-destructive testing, such as GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) survey and Electrical Resistivity. The result of the surveys showed that the ground was loosened widely over the surrounding area of the excavation due to groundwater discharge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20resistivity" title="electrical resistivity">electrical resistivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20collapse" title=" ground collapse"> ground collapse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater%20level" title=" groundwater level"> groundwater level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GPR%20%28ground%20penetrating%20radar%29" title=" GPR (ground penetrating radar)"> GPR (ground penetrating radar)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79051/a-case-study-of-the-ground-collapse-due-to-excavation-using-non-destructive-testing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79051.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">329</span> Collapse Capacity Assessment of Inelastic Structures under Seismic Sequences</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahrzad%20Mohammadi">Shahrzad Mohammadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghasem%20Boshrouei%20Sharq"> Ghasem Boshrouei Sharq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> All seismic design codes are based on the determination of the design earthquake without taking into account the effects of aftershocks in the design practice. In regions with a high level of seismicity, the occurrence of several aftershocks of various magnitudes and different time lags is very likely. This research aims to estimate the collapse capacity of a 10-story steel bundled tube moment frame subjected to as-recorded seismic sequences. The studied structure is designed according to the seismic regulations of the fourth revision of the Iranian code of practice for the seismic-resistant design of buildings (Code No.2800). A series of incremental dynamic analyses (IDA) is performed up to the collapse level of the intact structure. Then, in order to demonstrate the effects of aftershock events on the collapse vulnerability of the building, aftershock IDA analyzes are carried out. To gain deeper insight, collapse fragility curves are developed and compared for both series. Also, a study on the influence of various ground motion characteristics on collapse capacity is carried out. The results highlight the importance of considering the decisive effects of aftershocks in seismic codes due to their contribution to the occurrence of collapse. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IDA" title="IDA">IDA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aftershock" title=" aftershock"> aftershock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bundled%20tube%20frame" title=" bundled tube frame"> bundled tube frame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fragility%20assessment" title=" fragility assessment"> fragility assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GM%20characteristics" title=" GM characteristics"> GM characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=as-recorded%20seismic%20sequences" title=" as-recorded seismic sequences"> as-recorded seismic sequences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116879/collapse-capacity-assessment-of-inelastic-structures-under-seismic-sequences" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116879.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">328</span> Investigation of the Progressive Collapse Potential in Steel Buildings with Composite Floor System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pouya%20Kaafi">Pouya Kaafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gholamreza%20Ghodrati%20Amiri"> Gholamreza Ghodrati Amiri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Abnormal loads due to natural events, implementation errors and some other issues can lead to occurrence of progressive collapse in structures. Most of the past researches consist of 2- Dimensional (2D) models of steel frames without consideration of the floor system effects, which reduces the accuracy of the modeling. While employing a 3-Dimensional (3D) model and modeling the concrete slab system for the floors have a crucial role in the progressive collapse evaluation. In this research, a 3D finite element model of a 5-story steel building is modeled by the ABAQUS software once with modeling the slabs, and the next time without considering them. Then, the progressive collapse potential is evaluated. The results of the analyses indicate that the lack of the consideration of the slabs during the analyses, can lead to inaccuracy in assessing the progressive failure potential of the structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abnormal%20loads" title="abnormal loads">abnormal loads</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20floor%20system" title=" composite floor system"> composite floor system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermediate%20steel%20moment%20resisting%20frame%20system" title=" intermediate steel moment resisting frame system"> intermediate steel moment resisting frame system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=progressive%20collapse" title=" progressive collapse"> progressive collapse</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8692/investigation-of-the-progressive-collapse-potential-in-steel-buildings-with-composite-floor-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8692.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">456</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">327</span> An Improved Tie Force Method for Progressive Collapse Resistance Design of Precast Concrete Cross Wall Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Tohidi">M. Tohidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Yang"> J. Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Baniotopoulos"> C. Baniotopoulos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Progressive collapse of buildings typically occurs when abnormal loading conditions cause local damages, which leads to a chain reaction of failure and ultimately catastrophic collapse. The tie force (TF) method is one of the main design approaches for progressive collapse. As the TF method is a simplified method, further investigations on the reliability of the method is necessary. This study aims to develop an improved TF method to design the cross wall structures for progressive collapse. To this end, the pullout behavior of strands in grout was firstly analyzed; and then, by considering the tie force-slip relationship in the friction stage together with the catenary action mechanism, a comprehensive analytical method was developed. The reliability of this approach is verified by the experimental results of concrete block pullout tests and full scale floor-to-floor joints tests undertaken by Portland Cement Association (PCA). Discrepancies in the tie force between the analytical results and codified specifications have suggested the deficiency of TF method, hence an improved model based on the analytical results has been proposed to address this concern. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross%20wall" title="cross wall">cross wall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=progressive%20collapse" title=" progressive collapse"> progressive collapse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ties%20force%20method" title=" ties force method"> ties force method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catenary" title=" catenary"> catenary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical" title=" analytical"> analytical</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1653/an-improved-tie-force-method-for-progressive-collapse-resistance-design-of-precast-concrete-cross-wall-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1653.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">469</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">326</span> Building Collapse: Factors and Resisting Mechanisms: A Review of Case Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Genevieve%20D.%20Fernandes">Genevieve D. Fernandes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nisha%20P.%20Naik"> Nisha P. Naik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> All through the ages in all human civilizations, men have been engaged in construction activity, not only to build their dwellings and house their activities, but also roads, bridges to facilitate means of transport, and communication etc. The main concern in this activity was to ensure safety and reduce the collapse of the buildings and other structures. But even after taking all precautions, it is impossible to guarantee safety and collapse because of several unforeseen reasons like faulty constructions, design errors, overloading, soil liquefaction, gas explosion, material degradation, terrorist attacks and economic factors also contributing to the collapse. It is also uneconomical to design the structure for unforeseen events unless they have a reasonable chance of occurrence. In order to ensure safety and prevent collapse, many guidelines have been framed by local bodies and government authorities in many countries like the United States Department of Defence (DOD), United States General Service Administration (GSA) and Euro-Codes in European Nations. Some other practices are followed to incorporate redundancies in the structure like detailing, ductile designs, tying of elements at particular locations, and provision of hinges and interconnections. It is also to be admitted that a full-proof safe design structure for accidental events cannot be prepared and implemented as it is uneconomical and the chances of such occurrences are less. This paper reviews past case studies of the collapse of structures with the aim of developing an understanding of the collapse mechanism. This study will definitely help to bring about a detailed improvement in the design to maximise the quality of the construction at a minimal cost. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unforeseen%20factors" title="unforeseen factors">unforeseen factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=progressive%20collapse" title=" progressive collapse"> progressive collapse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collapse%20resisting%20mechanisms" title=" collapse resisting mechanisms"> collapse resisting mechanisms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=column%20removal%20scenario" title=" column removal scenario"> column removal scenario</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152573/building-collapse-factors-and-resisting-mechanisms-a-review-of-case-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152573.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">325</span> Analysis of Impact Load Induced by Ultrasonic Cavitation Bubble Collapse Using Thin Film Pressure Sensors </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moiz%20S.%20Vohra">Moiz S. Vohra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nagalingam%20Arun%20Prasanth"> Nagalingam Arun Prasanth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20L.%20Tan"> Wei L. Tan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20H.%20Yeo"> S. H. Yeo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The understanding of generation and collapse of acoustic cavitation bubbles are prerequisites for application of cavitation erosion. Microbubbles generated due to rapid fluctuation of pressure induced by propagation of ultrasonic wave lead to formation of high velocity microjets and or shock waves upon collapse. Due to vast application of ultrasonic, it is important to characterize and understand cavitation collapse pressure under the radiating surface at different conditions. A comparative investigation is carried out to determine impact load and dynamic pressure distribution exerted upon bubble collapse using thin film pressure sensors. Measurements were recorded at different input conditions such as amplitude, stand-off distance, insertion depth of the horn inside the liquid and pulse on-off time of acoustic vibrations. Impact force of 2.97 N is recorded at amplitude of 108 μm and stand-off distance of 1 mm from the sensor film, whereas impulsive force as low as 0.4 N is recorded at amplitude of 12 μm and stand-off distance of 5 mm from the sensor film. The results drawn from the investigation indicated that variety of impact loads can be achieved by controlling generation and collapse of bubbles, making it suitable to use for numerous application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonic%20cavitation" title="ultrasonic cavitation">ultrasonic cavitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bubble%20collapse" title=" bubble collapse"> bubble collapse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20mapping%20sensor" title=" pressure mapping sensor"> pressure mapping sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20load" title=" impact load"> impact load</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76641/analysis-of-impact-load-induced-by-ultrasonic-cavitation-bubble-collapse-using-thin-film-pressure-sensors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76641.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">339</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">324</span> Collapse Performance of Steel Frame with Hysteric Energy Dissipating Devices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyung-Joon%20Kim">Hyung-Joon Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin-Young%20Park"> Jin-Young Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Energy dissipating devices (EDDs) have become more popular as seismic-force-resisting systems for building structures. However, there is little information on the collapse capacities of frames employing EDDs which are an important criterion for their seismic design. This study investigates the collapse capacities of steel frames with TADAS hysteric energy dissipative devices (HEDDs) that become an alternative to steel braced frames. To do this, 5-story steel ordinary concentrically braced frame and steel frame with HEDDs are designed and modeled. Nonlinear dynamic analyses and incremental dynamic analysis with 40 ground motions scaled to maximum considered earthquake are carried out. It is shown from analysis results that the significant enhancement in terms of the collapse capacities is found due to the introduction HEDDs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collapse%20capacity" title="collapse capacity">collapse capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incremental%20dynamic%20analysis" title=" incremental dynamic analysis"> incremental dynamic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20braced%20frame" title=" steel braced frame"> steel braced frame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TADAS%20hysteric%20energy%20dissipative%20device" title=" TADAS hysteric energy dissipative device"> TADAS hysteric energy dissipative device</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14461/collapse-performance-of-steel-frame-with-hysteric-energy-dissipating-devices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14461.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">482</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">323</span> Collapse Capacity and Energy Absorption Mechanism of High Rise Steel Moment Frame Considering Aftershock Effects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammadmehdi%20Torfehnejad">Mohammadmehdi Torfehnejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serhan%20Sensoy"> Serhan Sensoy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many structures sustain damage during a mainshock earthquake but undergo severe damage under aftershocks following the mainshock. Past researches have studied aftershock effects through different methodologies, but few structural systems have been evaluated for these effects. Collapse capacity and energy absorption mechanism of the Special Steel Moment Frame (SSMF) system is evaluated in this study, under aftershock earthquakes when prior damage is caused by the mainshock. A twenty-story building is considered in assessing the residual collapse capacity and energy absorption mechanism under aftershock excitation. In addition, various levels of mainshock damage are considered and reflected through two different response parameters. Aftershock collapse capacity is estimated using incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) applied following the mainshock. The study results reveal that the collapse capacity of high-rise structures undergoes a remarkable reduction for high level of mainshock damage. The energy absorption in the columns is decreased by increasing the level of mainshock damage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20collapse" title="seismic collapse">seismic collapse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mainshock-aftershock%20effect" title=" mainshock-aftershock effect"> mainshock-aftershock effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incremental%20dynamic%20analysis" title=" incremental dynamic analysis"> incremental dynamic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20absorption" title=" energy absorption"> energy absorption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113291/collapse-capacity-and-energy-absorption-mechanism-of-high-rise-steel-moment-frame-considering-aftershock-effects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113291.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">322</span> Comparative Study of Line Voltage Stability Indices for Voltage Collapse Forecasting in Power Transmission System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20H.%20Goh">H. H. Goh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Q.%20S.%20Chua"> Q. S. Chua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20W.%20Lee"> S. W. Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20C.%20Kok"> B. C. Kok</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20C.%20Goh"> K. C. Goh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20T.%20K.%20Teo"> K. T. K. Teo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> At present, the evaluation of voltage stability assessment experiences sizeable anxiety in the safe operation of power systems. This is due to the complications of a strain power system. With the snowballing of power demand by the consumers and also the restricted amount of power sources, therefore, the system has to perform at its maximum proficiency. Consequently, the noteworthy to discover the maximum ability boundary prior to voltage collapse should be undertaken. A preliminary warning can be perceived to evade the interruption of power system’s capacity. The effectiveness of line voltage stability indices (LVSI) is differentiated in this paper. The main purpose of the indices is used to predict the proximity of voltage instability of the electric power system. On the other hand, the indices are also able to decide the weakest load buses which are close to voltage collapse in the power system. The line stability indices are assessed using the IEEE 14 bus test system to validate its practicability. Results demonstrated that the implemented indices are practically relevant in predicting the manifestation of voltage collapse in the system. Therefore, essential actions can be taken to dodge the incident from arising. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20line" title="critical line">critical line</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=line%20outage" title=" line outage"> line outage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=line%20voltage%20stability%20indices%20%28LVSI%29" title=" line voltage stability indices (LVSI)"> line voltage stability indices (LVSI)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20loadability" title=" maximum loadability"> maximum loadability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage%20collapse" title=" voltage collapse"> voltage collapse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage%20instability" title=" voltage instability"> voltage instability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage%20stability%20analysis" title=" voltage stability analysis"> voltage stability analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15431/comparative-study-of-line-voltage-stability-indices-for-voltage-collapse-forecasting-in-power-transmission-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15431.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">321</span> A Case Study on the Collapse Assessment of the Steel Moment-Frame Setback High-Rise Tower</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marzie%20Shahini">Marzie Shahini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rasoul%20Mirghaderi"> Rasoul Mirghaderi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes collapse assessments of a steel moment-frame high-rise tower with setback irregularity, designed per the 2010 ASCE7 code, under spectral-matched ground motion records. To estimate a safety margin against life-threatening collapse, an analytical model of the tower is subjected to a suite of ground motions with incremental intensities from maximum considered earthquake hazard level to the incipient collapse level. Capability of the structural system to collapse prevention is evaluated based on the similar methodology reported in FEMA P695. Structural performance parameters in terms of maximum/mean inter-story drift ratios, residual drift ratios, and maximum plastic hinge rotations are also compared to the acceptance criteria recommended by the TBI Guidelines. The results demonstrate that the structural system satisfactorily safeguards the building against collapse. Moreover, for this tower, the code-specified requirements in ASCE7-10 are reasonably adequate to satisfy seismic performance criteria developed in the TBI Guidelines for the maximum considered earthquake hazard level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-rise%20buildings" title="high-rise buildings">high-rise buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=set%20back" title=" set back"> set back</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residual%20drift" title=" residual drift"> residual drift</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20performance" title=" seismic performance"> seismic performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57732/a-case-study-on-the-collapse-assessment-of-the-steel-moment-frame-setback-high-rise-tower" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57732.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">320</span> Comparative Assessment of Finite Element Methodologies for Predicting Post-Buckling Collapse in Stiffened Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) Panels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naresh%20Reddy%20Kolanu">Naresh Reddy Kolanu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The stability and collapse behavior of thin-walled composite structures, particularly carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) panels, are paramount concerns for structural designers. Accurate prediction of collapse loads necessitates precise modeling of damage evolution in the post-buckling regime. This study conducts a comparative assessment of various finite element (FE) methodologies employed in predicting post-buckling collapse in stiffened CFRP panels. A systematic approach is adopted, wherein FE models with various damage capabilities are constructed and analyzed. The study investigates the influence of interacting intra- and interlaminar damage modes on the post-buckling response and failure behavior of the stiffened CFRP structure. Additionally, the capabilities of shell and brick FE-based models are evaluated and compared to determine their effectiveness in capturing the complex collapse behavior. Conclusions are drawn through quantitative comparison with experimental results, focusing on post-buckling response and collapse load. This comprehensive evaluation provides insights into the most effective FE methodologies for accurately predicting the collapse behavior of stiffened CFRP panels, thereby aiding structural designers in enhancing the stability and safety of composite structures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFRP%20stiffened%20panels" title="CFRP stiffened panels">CFRP stiffened panels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delamination" title=" delamination"> delamination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hashin%E2%80%99s%20failure" title=" Hashin’s failure"> Hashin’s failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-buckling" title=" post-buckling"> post-buckling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=progressive%20damage%20model" title=" progressive damage model"> progressive damage model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186782/comparative-assessment-of-finite-element-methodologies-for-predicting-post-buckling-collapse-in-stiffened-carbon-fiber-reinforced-plastic-cfrp-panels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186782.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">42</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">319</span> Effect of Storey Number on Vierendeel Action in Progressive Collapse of RC Frames</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qian%20Huiya">Qian Huiya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feng%20Lin"> Feng Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The progressive collapse of reinforced concrete (RC) structures will cause huge casualties and property losses. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the ability of structures against progressive collapse accurately. This paper numerically investigated the effect of storey number on the mechanism and quantitative contribution of the Vierendeel action (VA) in progressive collapse under corner column removal scenario. First, finite element (FE) models of multi-storey RC frame structures were developed using LS-DYNA. Then, the accuracy of the modeling technique was validated by test results conducted by the authors. Last, the validated FE models were applied to investigated the structural behavior of the RC frames with different storey numbers from one to six storeys. Results found the multi-storey substructure formed additional plastic hinges at the beam ends near the corner column in the second to top storeys, and at the lower end of the corner column in the first storey. The average ultimate resistance of each storey of the multi-storey substructures were increased by 14.0% to 18.5% compared with that of the single-storey substructure experiencing no VA. The contribution of VA to the ultimate resistance was decreased with the increase of the storey number. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=progressive%20collapse" title="progressive collapse">progressive collapse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete%20structure" title=" reinforced concrete structure"> reinforced concrete structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storey%20number" title=" storey number"> storey number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vierendeel%20action" title=" Vierendeel action"> Vierendeel action</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182196/effect-of-storey-number-on-vierendeel-action-in-progressive-collapse-of-rc-frames" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182196.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">318</span> Progressive Collapse of Cooling Towers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esmaeil%20Asadzadeh">Esmaeil Asadzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehtab%20Alam"> Mehtab Alam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Well documented records of the past failures of the structures reveals that the progressive collapse of structures is one of the major reasons for dramatic human loss and economical consequences. Progressive collapse is the failure mechanism in which the structure fails gradually due to the sudden removal of the structural elements. The sudden removal of some structural elements results in the excessive redistributed loads on the others. This sudden removal may be caused by any sudden loading resulted from local explosion, impact loading and terrorist attacks. Hyperbolic thin walled concrete shell structures being an important part of nuclear and thermal power plants are always prone to such terrorist attacks. In concrete structures, the gradual failure would take place by generation of initial cracks and its propagation in the supporting columns along with the tower shell leading to the collapse of the entire structure. In this study the mechanism of progressive collapse for such high raised towers would be simulated employing the finite element method. The aim of this study would be providing clear conceptual step-by-step descriptions of various procedures for progressive collapse analysis using commercially available finite element structural analysis software’s, with the aim that the explanations would be clear enough that they will be readily understandable and will be used by practicing engineers. The study would be carried out in the following procedures: 1. Provide explanations of modeling, simulation and analysis procedures including input screen snapshots; 2. Interpretation of the results and discussions; 3. Conclusions and recommendations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=progressive%20collapse" title="progressive collapse">progressive collapse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooling%20towers" title=" cooling towers"> cooling towers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crack%20generation" title=" crack generation"> crack generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete" title=" reinforced concrete"> reinforced concrete</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21493/progressive-collapse-of-cooling-towers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21493.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">481</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">317</span> Probabilistic Robustness Assessment of Structures under Sudden Column-Loss Scenario</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Y%20Al-Attraqchi">Ali Y Al-Attraqchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Rajeev"> P. Rajeev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Javad%20Hashemi"> M. Javad Hashemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riadh%20Al-Mahaidi"> Riadh Al-Mahaidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a probabilistic incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) of a full reinforced concrete building subjected to column loss scenario for the assessment of progressive collapse. The IDA is chosen to explicitly account for uncertainties in loads and system capacity. Fragility curves are developed to predict the probability of progressive collapse given the loss of one or more columns. At a broader scale, it will also provide critical information needed to support the development of a new generation of design codes that attempt to explicitly quantify structural robustness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire" title="fire">fire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20incremental%20dynamic%20analysis" title=" nonlinear incremental dynamic analysis"> nonlinear incremental dynamic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=progressive%20collapse" title=" progressive collapse"> progressive collapse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20engineering" title=" structural engineering"> structural engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61232/probabilistic-robustness-assessment-of-structures-under-sudden-column-loss-scenario" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61232.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">316</span> Analytical Solutions for Tunnel Collapse Mechanisms in Circular Cross-Section Tunnels under Seepage and Seismic Forces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhenyu%20Yang">Zhenyu Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiunan%20Chen"> Qiunan Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaocheng%20Huang"> Xiaocheng Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reliable prediction of tunnel collapse remains a prominent challenge in the field of civil engineering. In this study, leveraging the nonlinear Hoek-Brown failure criterion and the upper-bound theorem, an analytical solution for the collapse surface of shallowly buried circular tunnels was derived, taking into account the coupled effects of surface loads and pore water pressures. Initially, surface loads and pore water pressures were introduced as external force factors, equating the energy dissipation rate to the external force, yielding our objective function. Subsequently, the variational method was employed for optimization, and the outcomes were juxtaposed with previous research findings. Furthermore, we utilized the deduced equation set to systematically analyze the influence of various rock mass parameters on collapse shape and extent. To validate our analytical solutions, a comparison with prior studies was executed. The corroboration underscored the efficacy of our proposed methodology, offering invaluable insights for collapse risk assessment in practical engineering applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunnel%20roof%20stability" title="tunnel roof stability">tunnel roof stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical%20solution" title=" analytical solution"> analytical solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hoek%E2%80%93brown%20failure%20criterion" title=" hoek–brown failure criterion"> hoek–brown failure criterion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limit%20analysis" title=" limit analysis"> limit analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174775/analytical-solutions-for-tunnel-collapse-mechanisms-in-circular-cross-section-tunnels-under-seepage-and-seismic-forces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174775.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">315</span> A Three Elements Vector Valued Structure’s Ultimate Strength-Strong Motion-Intensity Measure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Nicknam">A. Nicknam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Eftekhari"> N. Eftekhari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mazarei"> A. Mazarei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ganjvar"> M. Ganjvar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article presents an alternative collapse capacity intensity measure in the three elements form which is influenced by the spectral ordinates at periods longer than that of the first mode period at near and far source sites. A parameter, denoted by β, is defined by which the spectral ordinate effects, up to the effective period (2T_1), on the intensity measure are taken into account. The methodology permits to meet the hazard-levelled target extreme event in the probabilistic and deterministic forms. A MATLAB code is developed involving OpenSees to calculate the collapse capacities of the 8 archetype RC structures having 2 to 20 stories for regression process. The incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) method is used to calculate the structure’s collapse values accounting for the element stiffness and strength deterioration. The general near field set presented by FEMA is used in a series of performing nonlinear analyses. 8 linear relationships are developed for the 8structutres leading to the correlation coefficient up to 0.93. A collapse capacity near field prediction equation is developed taking into account the results of regression processes obtained from the 8 structures. The proposed prediction equation is validated against a set of actual near field records leading to a good agreement. Implementation of the proposed equation to the four archetype RC structures demonstrated different collapse capacities at near field site compared to those of FEMA. The reasons of differences are believed to be due to accounting for the spectral shape effects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collapse%20capacity" title="collapse capacity">collapse capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fragility%20analysis" title=" fragility analysis"> fragility analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20shape%20effects" title=" spectral shape effects"> spectral shape effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IDA%20method" title=" IDA method"> IDA method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40092/a-three-elements-vector-valued-structures-ultimate-strength-strong-motion-intensity-measure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40092.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">239</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">314</span> Effects of Earthquake Induced Debris to Pedestrian and Community Street Network Resilience</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al-Amin">Al-Amin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huanjun%20Jiang"> Huanjun Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anayat%20Ali"> Anayat Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reinforced concrete frames (RC), especially Ordinary RC frames, are prone to structural failures/collapse during seismic events, leading to a large proportion of debris from the structures, which obstructs adjacent areas, including streets. These blocked areas severely impede post-earthquake resilience. This study uses computational simulation (FEM) to investigate the amount of debris generated by the seismic collapse of an ordinary reinforced concrete moment frame building and its effects on the adjacent pedestrian and road network. A three-story ordinary reinforced concrete frame building, primarily designed for gravity load and earthquake resistance, was selected for analysis. Sixteen different ground motions were applied and scaled up until the total collapse of the tested building to evaluate the failure mode under various seismic events. Four types of collapse direction were identified through the analysis, namely aligned (positive and negative) and skewed (positive and negative), with aligned collapse being more predominant than skewed cases. The amount and distribution of debris around the collapsed building were assessed to investigate the interaction between collapsed buildings and adjacent street networks. An interaction was established between a building that collapsed in an aligned direction and the adjacent pedestrian walkway and narrow street located in an unplanned old city. The FEM model was validated against an existing shaking table test. The presented results can be utilized to simulate the interdependency between the debris generated from the collapse of seismic-prone buildings and the resilience of street networks. These findings provide insights for better disaster planning and resilient infrastructure development in earthquake-prone regions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20collapse" title="building collapse">building collapse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake-induced%20debris" title=" earthquake-induced debris"> earthquake-induced debris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ORC%20moment%20resisting%20frame" title=" ORC moment resisting frame"> ORC moment resisting frame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20network" title=" street network"> street network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163300/effects-of-earthquake-induced-debris-to-pedestrian-and-community-street-network-resilience" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163300.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">313</span> Wetting Induced Collapse Behavior of Loosely Compacted Kaolin Soil: A Microstructural Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dhanesh%20Sing%20Das">Dhanesh Sing Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bharat%20Tadikonda%20Venkata"> Bharat Tadikonda Venkata</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Collapsible soils undergo significant volume reduction upon wetting under the pre-existing mechanically applied normal stress (inundation pressure). These soils exhibit a very high strength in air-dried conditions and can carry up to a considerable magnitude of normal stress without undergoing significant volume change. The soil strength is, however, lost upon saturation and results in a sudden collapse of the soil structure under the existing mechanical stress condition. The intrusion of water into the dry deposits of such soil causes ground subsidence leading to damages in the overlying buildings/structures. A study on the wetting-induced volume change behavior of collapsible soils is essential in dealing with the ground subsidence problems in various geotechnical engineering practices. The collapse of loosely compacted Kaolin soil upon wetting under various inundation pressures has been reported in recent studies. The collapse in the Kaolin soil is attributed to the alteration in the soil particle-particle association (fabric) resulting due to the changes in the various inter-particle (microscale) forces induced by the water saturation. The inundation pressure plays a significant role in the fabric evolution during the wetting process, thus controls the collapse potential of the compacted soil. A microstructural study is useful to understand the collapse mechanisms at various pore-fabric levels under different inundation pressure. Kaolin soil compacted to a dry density of 1.25 g/cc was used in this work to study the wetting-induced volume change behavior under different inundation pressures in the range of 10-1600 kPa. The compacted specimen of Kaolin soil exhibited a consistent collapse under all the studied inundation pressure. The collapse potential was observed to be increasing with an increase in the inundation pressure up to a maximum value of 13.85% under 800 kPa and then decreased to 11.7% under 1600 kPa. Microstructural analysis was carried out based on the fabric images and the pore size distributions (PSDs) obtained from FESEM analysis and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), respectively. The PSDs and the soil fabric images of ‘as-compacted’ specimen and post-collapse specimen under 400 kPa were analyzed to understand the changes in the soil fabric and pores due to wetting. The pore size density curve for the post-collapse specimen was found to be on the finer side with respect to the ‘as-compacted’ specimen, indicating the reduction of the larger pores during the collapse. The inter-aggregate pores in the range of 0.1-0.5μm were identified as the major contributing pore size classes to the macroscopic volume change. Wetting under an inundation pressure results in the reduction of these pore sizes and lead to an increase in the finer pore sizes. The magnitude of inundation pressure influences the amount of reduction of these pores during the wetting process. The collapse potential was directly related to the degree of reduction in the pore volume contributed by these pore sizes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collapse%20behavior" title="collapse behavior">collapse behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inundation%20pressure" title=" inundation pressure"> inundation pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kaolin" title=" kaolin"> kaolin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133193/wetting-induced-collapse-behavior-of-loosely-compacted-kaolin-soil-a-microstructural-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133193.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">312</span> Evolution of Gravity Flap Structures in the Southern Central Atlas of Tunisia. Example: Northern of Orbata Anticline (Ben Zannouch Structure)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soulef%20Amamria">Soulef Amamria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Sadok%20Bensalem"> Mohamed Sadok Bensalem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Ghanmi"> Mohamed Ghanmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Several works found in the fold-and-thrust belt area of the southern central atlas of Tunisia, which were often related with tectonic shortening, are, in fact, related to superficial gravity structures. These gravitational collapse structures have developed in the northern flank of jebel Orbata. These include rock-slides, rock falls, wrinkle folds, slip sheets, and flaps. The Gravity collapse structures of ben zannouch are parallel to the major thrust of Bou Omrane between Orbata and El Ong structures. The thrust activity of Bou Omrane associated to the important paleo-slope to the south and plastic lithology (incompetent marly and gypsum layers) facilitates the development of the Ben Zannouch Flap structure. The definition in the first time of gravitional collapse structures in Tunisia, particularly in the northern flank of Jebel Orbata, is controlled by three principal structural conditions: the fragmentation of the landslide surfaces, the lithology, and the topography. Other regional factors can be distinguished in the southern-central Tunisian Atlas as the seismity activity of the Gafsa fault and the wetter conditions during the postglacial period. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collapse%20structure" title="collapse structure">collapse structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flap%20structure" title=" flap structure"> flap structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravity%20structures" title=" gravity structures"> gravity structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thrust%20activity" title=" thrust activity"> thrust activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160369/evolution-of-gravity-flap-structures-in-the-southern-central-atlas-of-tunisia-example-northern-of-orbata-anticline-ben-zannouch-structure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160369.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">311</span> Behavior of Steel Moment Frames Subjected to Impact Load</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyungoo%20Kang">Hyungoo Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minsung%20Kim"> Minsung Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinkoo%20Kim"> Jinkoo Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates the performance of a 2D and 3D steel moment frame subjected to vehicle collision at a first story column using LS-DYNA. The finite element models of vehicles provided by the National Crash Analysis Center (NCAC) are used for numerical analysis. Nonlinear dynamic time history analysis of the 2D and 3D model structures are carried out based on the arbitrary column removal scenario, and the vertical displacement of the damaged structures are compared with that obtained from collision analysis. The analysis results show that the model structure remains stable when the speed of the vehicle is 40km/h. However, at the speed of 80 and 120km/h both the 2D and 3D structures collapse by progressive collapse. The vertical displacement of the damaged joint obtained from collision analysis is significantly larger than the displacement computed based on the arbitrary column removal scenario. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicle%20collision" title="vehicle collision">vehicle collision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=progressive%20collapse" title=" progressive collapse"> progressive collapse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM" title=" FEM"> FEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LS-DYNA" title=" LS-DYNA"> LS-DYNA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52101/behavior-of-steel-moment-frames-subjected-to-impact-load" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52101.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">310</span> Evaluation of Transfer Capability Considering Uncertainties of System Operating Condition and System Cascading Collapse</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nur%20Ashida%20Salim">Nur Ashida Salim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Murtadha%20Othman"> Muhammad Murtadha Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismail%20Musirin"> Ismail Musirin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Salleh%20Serwan"> Mohd Salleh Serwan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the past few decades, the power system industry in many developing and developed countries has gone through a restructuring process of the industry where they are moving towards a deregulated power industry. This situation will lead to competition among the generation and distribution companies to achieve a certain objective which is to provide quality and efficient production of electric energy, which will reduce the price of electricity. Therefore it is important to obtain an accurate value of the Available Transfer Capability (ATC) and Transmission Reliability Margin (TRM) in order to ensure the effective power transfer between areas during the occurrence of uncertainties in the system. In this paper, the TRM and ATC is determined by taking into consideration the uncertainties of the system operating condition and system cascading collapse by applying the bootstrap technique. A case study of the IEEE RTS-79 is employed to verify the robustness of the technique proposed in the determination of TRM and ATC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=available%20transfer%20capability" title="available transfer capability">available transfer capability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bootstrap%20technique" title=" bootstrap technique"> bootstrap technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cascading%20collapse" title=" cascading collapse"> cascading collapse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission%20reliability%20margin" title=" transmission reliability margin"> transmission reliability margin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4347/evaluation-of-transfer-capability-considering-uncertainties-of-system-operating-condition-and-system-cascading-collapse" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4347.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collapse&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collapse&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collapse&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collapse&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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