CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" class="no-js"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"> <meta name="access" content="No"> <meta name="360-site-verification" content="1268d79b5e96aecf3ff2a7dac04ad990" /> <title>Chromium Exposure Causes Structural Aberrations of Erythrocytes, Gills, Liver, Kidney, and Genetic Damage in Striped Catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus | Biological Trace Element Research</title> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@SpringerLink"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="Content cover image"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Chromium Exposure Causes Structural Aberrations of Erythrocytes, Gills, Liver, Kidney, and Genetic Damage in Striped Catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Biological Trace Element Research - Heavy metal pollution due to anthropogenic activities poses a great threat to aquatic organisms. The present study was conducted to evaluate the cytotoxic and..."/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://static-content.springer.com/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12011-020-02490-4/MediaObjects/12011_2020_2490_Fig1_HTML.png"/> <meta name="journal_id" content="12011"/> <meta name="dc.title" content="Chromium Exposure Causes Structural Aberrations of Erythrocytes, Gills, Liver, Kidney, and Genetic Damage in Striped Catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus"/> <meta name="dc.source" content="Biological Trace Element Research 2020 199:10"/> <meta name="dc.format" content="text/html"/> <meta name="dc.publisher" content="Springer"/> <meta name="dc.date" content="2020-11-18"/> <meta name="dc.type" content="OriginalPaper"/> <meta name="dc.language" content="En"/> <meta name="dc.copyright" content="2020 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature"/> <meta name="dc.rights" content="2020 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature"/> <meta name="dc.rightsAgent" content="journalpermissions@springernature.com"/> <meta name="dc.description" content="Heavy metal pollution due to anthropogenic activities poses a great threat to aquatic organisms. The present study was conducted to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of hexavalent chromium (potassium dichromate) on hemato-biochemical, histo-pathological, and genetical changes in striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Three sub-lethal doses (0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 mg/L) of chromium (Cr) were selected and fish were exposed in vivo contrasting with a control (0 mg/L) for 30 days. The study revealed that various hemato-biochemical parameters showed a significant decrease in hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBCs), and blood glucose content, whereas white blood cells (WBCs) significantly increased in Cr exposed fish. Frequencies of all forms of structural abnormalities of erythrocytes (erythrocytic cellular abnormalities; ECA, erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities; ENA and erythroblasts; Ebs) were significantly increased in higher two test concentrations (1.6 and 3.2 mg/L) when compared to control. Differential leucocyte count exhibited significant increase in neutrophil and decrease in lymphocytes in the highest Cr treated group. The severity of various histo-pathological changes in the gills, liver, and kidney were increased considerably with the increase of Cr concentrations. Similarly, the amount of DNA (ng/μl) decreased significantly in blood and tissues of different vital organs where the liver showed the highest decline compared to control in a concentration-dependent manner. Taken altogether, P. hypophthalmus is susceptible to Cr and can be used as a bio-indicator to assess aquatic metal pollution."/> <meta name="prism.issn" content="1559-0720"/> <meta name="prism.publicationName" content="Biological Trace Element Research"/> <meta name="prism.publicationDate" content="2020-11-18"/> <meta name="prism.volume" content="199"/> <meta name="prism.number" content="10"/> <meta name="prism.section" content="OriginalPaper"/> <meta name="prism.startingPage" content="3869"/> <meta name="prism.endingPage" content="3885"/> <meta name="prism.copyright" content="2020 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature"/> <meta name="prism.rightsAgent" content="journalpermissions@springernature.com"/> <meta name="prism.url" content="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12011-020-02490-4"/> <meta name="prism.doi" content="doi:10.1007/s12011-020-02490-4"/> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12011-020-02490-4.pdf"/> <meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12011-020-02490-4"/> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Biological Trace Element Research"/> <meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="Biol Trace Elem Res"/> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Springer US"/> <meta name="citation_issn" content="1559-0720"/> <meta name="citation_title" content="Chromium Exposure Causes Structural Aberrations of Erythrocytes, Gills, Liver, Kidney, and Genetic Damage in Striped Catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus"/> <meta name="citation_volume" content="199"/> <meta name="citation_issue" content="10"/> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2021/10"/> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2020/11/18"/> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="3869"/> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="3885"/> <meta name="citation_article_type" content="Article"/> <meta name="citation_language" content="en"/> <meta name="dc.identifier" content="doi:10.1007/s12011-020-02490-4"/> <meta name="DOI" content="10.1007/s12011-020-02490-4"/> <meta name="size" content="353930"/> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1007/s12011-020-02490-4"/> <meta name="citation_springer_api_url" content="http://api.springer.com/xmldata/jats?q=doi:10.1007/s12011-020-02490-4&api_key="/> <meta name="description" content="Heavy metal pollution due to anthropogenic activities poses a great threat to aquatic organisms. The present study was conducted to evaluate the cytotoxic "/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Suchana, Sajida Akter"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Ahmed, Md Shaker"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Islam, S. M. Majharul"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Rahman, Muhammad Lutfar"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Rohani, Md Fazle"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Ferdusi, Tanzina"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Ahmmad, A. K. Shakur"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Fatema, Mst Kaniz"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Badruzzaman, Muhammad"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Shahjahan, Md"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Biochemistry, general"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Biotechnology"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Nutrition"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Oncology"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=CR Biol; citation_title=A glimpse of lignicolous marine fungi occurring in coastal water bodies of Tamil Nadu (India); citation_author=R Gayathri, K Nambiar, CZ Raveendran, CA Jaleel; citation_volume=331; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_pages=475-480; citation_doi=10.1016/j.crvi.2008.03.008; citation_id=CR1"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J Hazard Mater; citation_title=Assessment of heavy metal pollution in water using multivariate statistical techniques in an industrial area: a case study from Patancheru, Medak District, Andhra Pradesh, India; citation_author=AK Krishna, M Satyanarayanan, PK Govil; citation_volume=167; citation_publication_date=2009; citation_pages=366-373; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.12.131; citation_id=CR2"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Wastewater treatment; citation_inbook_title=Principles and applications of environmental biotechnology for a sustainable future; citation_publication_date=2017; citation_pages=173-232; citation_id=CR3; citation_author=M Asthana; citation_author=A Kumar; citation_author=BS Sharma; citation_publisher=Springer"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Eur J Env Safety Sci; citation_title=Toxic metals pollution due to industrial effluents released along Dombivali Industrial Belt of Mumbai, India; citation_author=PU Singarea, SS Dhabardeb; citation_volume=2; citation_publication_date=2014; citation_pages=5-11; citation_id=CR4"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J Anim Plant Sci; citation_title=Absorption and bioaccumulation of water-borne inorganic mercury in the fingerlings of grass carp, Ctenopharyn godonidella; citation_author=MS Ahmed, Y Aslam, WA Khan; citation_volume=21; citation_publication_date=2011; citation_pages=176-181; citation_id=CR5"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Mutat Res; citation_title=Chromium-induced biochemical, genotoxic and histopathologic effects in liver and kidney of goldfish, carassius auratus; citation_author=V Velma, PB Tchounwou; citation_volume=698; citation_publication_date=2010; citation_pages=43-51; citation_doi=10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.03.014; citation_id=CR6"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Dhaka Univ J Sci; citation_title=Impact of dumping untreated waste water on water quality of the river Buriganga, Bangladesh; citation_author=MA Azim, SB Quraisi, R Islam; citation_volume=57; citation_issue=1; citation_publication_date=2009; citation_pages=101-106; citation_id=CR7"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J Bangladesh Acad Sci; citation_title=Seasonal variation of heavy metals in water samples from Shitalakhya river; citation_author=MZ Islam, MA Azim, R Islam, SB Quraisi; citation_volume=32; citation_issue=1; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_pages=13-22; citation_doi=10.3329/jbas.v32i1.2437; citation_id=CR8"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Open J Water Pollut Treat; citation_title=Analysis of water quality using chemical; citation_author=MK Hasan, MR Khan, MK Nesha, MA Happy; citation_volume=1; citation_issue=2; citation_publication_date=2014; citation_pages=58-74; citation_doi=10.15764/WPT.2014.02007; citation_id=CR9"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=MIST Int J Sci Tench; citation_title=Assessment of hexavalent chromium pollution in Buriganga and Dhaleshwari river water bodies adjacent to Tannery Estates in Bangladesh; citation_author=H Rahman, N Hoque, PK Sarker, A Safa; citation_volume=08; citation_publication_date=2020; citation_pages=11-15; citation_doi=10.47981/j.mijst.08(01)2020.160(11-15); citation_id=CR10"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Int J Environ Res Public Health; citation_title=Biomarker of oxidative stress and heavy metal levels as induced by environmental pollution in African cat fish Clarias gariepinus from Nigeria Ogun river; citation_author=EO Farombi, OA Adelowo, YR Ajimoko; citation_volume=4; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_pages=158-165; citation_doi=10.3390/ijerph2007040011; citation_id=CR11"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=British J Appl Res; citation_title=Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the gill and liver of a common Niger Delta wetland fish, Clarias Garepinus; citation_author=EN Ogamba, SC Izah, F Isimayemiema; citation_volume=1; citation_publication_date=2016; citation_pages=0017-0020; citation_id=CR12"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Iran J Energy Environ; citation_title=Detection of range finding test of mercury chloride in yellow sea bream (Acanthopagruslatus); citation_author=A Hedayati, A Safahieh, A Savari, JG Marammazi; citation_volume=1; citation_publication_date=2010; citation_pages=228-233; citation_id=CR13"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=World J Pharm Res; citation_title=Effect of cadmium sulphate on certain biochemical parameters of teleost, Clarias batrachus; citation_author=P Garima; citation_volume=5; citation_publication_date=2016; citation_pages=1004-1011; citation_id=CR14"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J Aquac Res Develop; citation_title=Use of fish as bio-indicator of the effects of heavy metals pollution; citation_author=MN Mohammad, MS Authman Zaki, EA Khallaf, HH Abbas; citation_volume=6; citation_publication_date=2015; citation_pages=328; citation_id=CR15"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J Aquacult Eng Fish Res; citation_title=Assessment of heavy metals in different body parts of Sarotherodon galillaeus from Ilo-Idimu River, Otaogun State, Nigeria; citation_author=A Joseph, AA Olugbojo, null Akinyemi; citation_volume=2; citation_publication_date=2016; citation_pages=36-41; citation_id=CR16"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J Fish Biol; citation_title=The hematological assessment of the health of freshwater fishes: a review of selected literatures; citation_author=PC Blaxhall; citation_volume=4; citation_publication_date=1972; citation_pages=593-604; citation_doi=10.1111/j.1095-8649.1972.tb05704.x; citation_id=CR17"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J Bio Earth Sci; citation_title=Bioconcentration of hexavalent chromium in Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham 1822): effect on haematological parameters; citation_author=B Mallesh, PK Pandey, K Kumar, A Vennila, S Kumar; citation_volume=5; citation_publication_date=2015; citation_pages=59-67; citation_id=CR18"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Int J Aquat Biol; citation_title=Sub-lethal effects of potassium dichromate on hematological and histological parameters in climbing perch, Anabas testudineus (Anabantidae); citation_author=LV Benjamin, R Kutty; citation_volume=7; citation_publication_date=2019; citation_pages=140-145; citation_id=CR19"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Environ Toxicol Chem; citation_title=Evaluation of basal micronucleus frequency and hexavalent chromium effects in fish erythrocytes; citation_author=CT Lemos, PM Rodel, NR Terra, B Erdtmann; citation_volume=20; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=1320-1324; citation_doi=10.1002/etc.5620200621; citation_id=CR20"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Mutagenesis; citation_title=Micronucleus assay in aquatic animals; citation_author=C Bolognesi, M Hayashi; citation_volume=26; citation_publication_date=2011; citation_pages=205-213; citation_doi=10.1093/mutage/geq073; citation_id=CR21"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Aquat Toxicol; citation_title=Gamma radiation induced micronuclei and erythrocyte cellular abnormalities in the fish Catla catla; citation_author=S Anbumani, MN Mohankumar; citation_volume=122-123; citation_publication_date=2012; citation_pages=125-132; citation_doi=10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.06.001; citation_id=CR22"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Environ Pollut; citation_title=Acute exposure to a quinalphos containing insecticide (convoy) causes genetic damage and nuclear changes in peripheral erythrocytes of silver barb, Barbonymus gonionotus; citation_author=IM Sadiqul, Z Ferdousa, MTA Nannu, GM Mostakim, MK Rahman; citation_volume=219; citation_publication_date=2016; citation_pages=949-956; citation_doi=10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.066; citation_id=CR23"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Environ Sci Pollut Res; citation_title=Increase in water temperature increases acute toxicity of sumithion causing nuclear and cellular abnormalities in peripheral erythrocytes of zebrafish Danio rerio; citation_author=M Shahjahan, MS Rahman, SMM Islam, MH Uddin, M Al-Emran; citation_volume=26; citation_publication_date=2019; citation_pages=36903-36912; citation_doi=10.1007/s11356-019-06886-1; citation_id=CR24"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Aquat Toxicol; citation_title=Induction of micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities in Oreochromis niloticus following exposure to petroleum refinery and chromium processing plant effluents; citation_author=T Cavas, S Ergene-Gozukara; citation_volume=74; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=264-271; citation_doi=10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.06.001; citation_id=CR25"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Chemico-Biol Interact; citation_title=Erythrocytes as a biological model for screening of xenobiotics toxicity; citation_author=MR Farag, M Alagawany; citation_volume=279; citation_publication_date=2017; citation_pages=73-83; citation_doi=10.1016/j.cbi.2017.11.007; citation_id=CR26"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Aquat Toxicol; citation_title=The effect of chronic chromium exposure on the health of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha); citation_author=AM Farag, T May, GD Marty, M Easton, DD Harper, EE Little, L Cleveland; citation_volume=76; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=246-257; citation_doi=10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.09.011; citation_id=CR27"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Hum Ecol Risk Assess; citation_title=Genotoxic and mutagenic assessment of hexavalent chromium in fish following in vivo chronic exposure; citation_author=P Kumar, R Kumar, NS Nagpure, P Nautiyal, A Dabas, B Kushwaha, WS Lakra; citation_volume=18; citation_publication_date=2012; citation_pages=855-870; citation_doi=10.1080/10807039.2012.688713; citation_id=CR28"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Drug Chem Toxicol; citation_title=Assessment of genotoxic and mutagenic potential of hexavalent chromium in the freshwater fish Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822); citation_author=NS Nagpure, R Srivastava, R Kumar, B Kushwaha, SK Srivastava, P Kumar, A Dabas; citation_volume=38; citation_publication_date=2015; citation_pages=9-15; citation_doi=10.3109/01480545.2014.900066; citation_id=CR29"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Glob Vet; citation_title=Effect of environmental pollution by phenol on some physiological parameters of Oreochromis niloticus; citation_author=NS Gad, SA Saad; citation_volume=2; citation_issue=6; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_pages=312-319; citation_id=CR30"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Comp Biochem Physiol C; citation_title=Copper induced alterations of biochemical parameter in the gill and plasma of Oreochromis niloticus; citation_author=SM Monteiro, JM Mancera, FA Fontainhas, M Sousa; citation_volume=141; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=375-383; citation_id=CR31"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Exp Toxicol Pathol; citation_title=Arsenic induced toxicity and histopathological changes in gill and liver tissue of freshwater fish, Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus); citation_author=MK Ahmed, MH Al-Mamun, E Parvin, MS Akter, MS Khan; citation_volume=65; citation_publication_date=2013; citation_pages=903-909; citation_doi=10.1016/j.etp.2013.01.003; citation_id=CR32"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Ecol Toxicol Environ Safe; citation_title=Effects of dietary methylmercury on liver and kidney histology in the neotropical fish Hoplias malabaricus; citation_author=M Mela, MAF Randi, DE Ventura, CEV Carvalho, E Pelletier, RCA Oliveira; citation_volume=68; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_pages=426-435; citation_doi=10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.11.013; citation_id=CR33"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Mar Pollut Bull; citation_title=The application of histocyto-pathological biomarkers in marine pollution monitoring: a review; citation_author=DWT Au; citation_volume=48; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=817-834; citation_doi=10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.02.032; citation_id=CR34"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Egypt J Aquat Bio Fish; citation_title=Histological and histochemical alterations induced by phenol exposure in Oreochromi saureus (Steindachner, 1864) juveniles; citation_author=SS El-Serafy, NAH Abdel-Hameid, AA El-Daly; citation_volume=13; citation_publication_date=2009; citation_pages=151-172; citation_doi=10.21608/ejabf.2009.2038; citation_id=CR35"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Arch Environ Contam Toxicol; citation_title=The effect of paraquat on hepatic EROD activity, liver and gonadal histology in males and females of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, exposed at different temperatures; citation_author=A Figuiredo-Fernandes, A Rontainhas-Fernandes, E Rocha, MA Reis-Henriques; citation_volume=51; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=626-632; citation_doi=10.1007/s00244-005-0208-3; citation_id=CR36"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Ecol Indic; citation_title=Spatial and seasonal variability of some biomarkers in Salaria basilisca (Pisces: Blennidae): Implication for biomonitoring in Tunisian coasts; citation_author=S Barhoumi, I Messaoudi, F Gagne, A Kerkeni; citation_volume=14; citation_publication_date=2012; citation_pages=222-228; citation_doi=10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.06.025; citation_id=CR37"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Bull Environ Contam Toxicol; citation_title=Some biochemical and pathological investigations on mono sex tilapia following; citation_author=HM Soufy, E Soliman, EI Manakhly, A Gaafa; citation_volume=43; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_pages=315-320; citation_id=CR38"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Chemosphere; citation_title=Histopathological biomarkers in gills and liver of Oreochromis niloticus from polluted wetland environments, Saudi Arabia; citation_author=AM Abdel-Moneim, MA Al-Kahtani, OM Dlmenshawy; citation_volume=88; citation_publication_date=2012; citation_pages=1028-1035; citation_doi=10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.04.001; citation_id=CR39"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Environ Res; citation_title=Hematological findings in neotropical fish Hoplias malabaricus exposed to subchronic and dietary doses of methylmercury, inorganic lead and tributyltin chloride; citation_author=CA Oliveira Ribeiro, F Filipack, M Mela, PH Silva, MAF Randi, JRA Costa, E Pelletier; citation_volume=101; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=74-80; citation_doi=10.1016/j.envres.2005.11.005; citation_id=CR40"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Toxicol Rep; citation_title=A comprehensive review on chromium induced alterations in fresh water fishes; citation_author=A Bakshi, AK Panigrahi; citation_volume=5; citation_publication_date=2018; citation_pages=440-447; citation_doi=10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.03.007; citation_id=CR41"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Aquaculture; citation_title=Production economics of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Sauvage, 1878) farming under polyculture system in Bangladesh; citation_author=H Ali, MM Rahman, K Murshed-e-Jahan, GC Dhar; citation_volume=491; citation_publication_date=2018; citation_pages=381-390; citation_doi=10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.12.004; citation_id=CR42"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Fisheries Resources Survey System (2018) Fisheries statistical report of Bangladesh, Department of Fisheries. Bangladesh. 32, 1-57"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Toxicol Rep; citation_title=Acute effects of chromium on hemato-biochemical parameters and morphology of erythrocytes in striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus; citation_author=SMM Islam, MF Rohani, SA Zabed, MT Islam, R Jannat, Y Akter, M Shahjahan; citation_volume=7; citation_publication_date=2020; citation_pages=664-670; citation_doi=10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.04.016; citation_id=CR44"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J Environ Sci; citation_title=Bioaccumulation and depuration of chromium in the selected organs and whole body tissues of freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala individually and in binary solutions with nickel; citation_author=PLRM Palanippan, S Karthikeyan; citation_volume=21; citation_publication_date=2009; citation_pages=229-236; citation_doi=10.1016/S1001-0742(08)62256-1; citation_id=CR45"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J Appl Ichthyol; citation_title=Striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) could be suitable for coastal aquaculture; citation_author=A Jahan, TT Nipa, SMM Islam, MH Uddin, MS Islam, M Shahjahan; citation_volume=35; citation_publication_date=2019; citation_pages=994-1003; citation_id=CR46"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Fish Physiol Biochem; citation_title=Increased water temperature altered hemato-biochemical parameters and structure of peripheral erythrocytes in striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus; citation_author=M Shahjahan, MH Uddin, V Bain, MM Haque; citation_volume=44; citation_publication_date=2018; citation_pages=1309-1318; citation_doi=10.1007/s10695-018-0522-0; citation_id=CR47"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Can J Fish Aquat Sci; citation_title=Assessment of the piscine micronucleus test as an in situ biological indicator of chemical contaminant effects; citation_author=K Carrasco, KL Tilbury, MS Myers; citation_volume=47; citation_publication_date=1990; citation_pages=2123-2136; citation_doi=10.1139/f90-237; citation_id=CR48"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Mutat Res; citation_title=Human Micronucleus Project. HUMN project: detailed description of the scoring criteria for the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay using isolated human lymphocyte cultures; citation_author=M Fenech, WP Chang, M Kirsch-Volders, N Holland, S Bonassi, E Zeiger; citation_volume=534; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=65-75; citation_doi=10.1016/S1383-5718(02)00249-8; citation_id=CR49"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Environ Toxicol Pharmcol; citation_title=Acute toxicity impacts of hexavalent chromium on behavior and histopathology of gill, kidney and liver of the 422 freshwater fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch); citation_author=AK Mishra, B Mohanty; citation_volume=26; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_pages=136-141; citation_doi=10.1016/j.etap.2008.02.010; citation_id=CR50"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Toxicol Appl Pharmacol; citation_title=An in vitro method to assess toxicity of waterborne metals to fish; citation_author=PA Walker, P Kille, A Hurley, NR Bury, C Hogstrand; citation_volume=230; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_pages=67-77; citation_doi=10.1016/j.taap.2008.02.012; citation_id=CR51"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Int Res Biosci; citation_title=Haematological investigation on freshwater teleost Labeorohita (Ham.) following aquatic toxicities of Cr (III) and Cr (VI); citation_author=T Venkatachalam, AV Natarajan; citation_volume=3; citation_publication_date=2014; citation_pages=1-14; citation_id=CR52"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Fresenius Environ Bull; citation_title=The effect of toxic chemicals on blood cell morphology in fish; citation_author=M Witeska; citation_volume=12a; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=1; citation_id=CR53"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Comp Biochem Physiol; citation_title=Effect of copper on the differential white blood cell counts of the Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus); citation_author=G Nussey, JHJ Vuren, HH Preez; citation_volume=111; citation_publication_date=1995; citation_pages=381-388; citation_id=CR54"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Water Air Soil Pollut; citation_title=Hematological and pathological effects of chromium toxicosis in the freshwater fish, Barbus conchonius Ham; citation_author=TS Gill, JC Pant; citation_volume=35; citation_publication_date=1987; citation_pages=241-250; citation_doi=10.1007/BF00290933; citation_id=CR55"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Ind J Environ Health; citation_title=Toxic effect of chromium, and cobalt on Sartherodon mossambicus (peters); citation_author=D Pamila, PA Subbaiyan, M Ramaswamy; citation_volume=33; citation_publication_date=1991; citation_pages=218-224; citation_id=CR56"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Pollut Res; citation_title=Changes in certain haematological parameters in a siluroid cat fish Clarias batrachus (Linn) exposed to cadmium chloride; citation_author=PK Joshi, M Bose, D Harish; citation_volume=21; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_pages=129; citation_id=CR57"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J Freshw Biol; citation_title=Effects of various concentrations of lead nitrate on haematological parameters of an air breathing fish, Clarias batrachus; citation_author=R Nath, V Banerjee; citation_volume=7; citation_publication_date=1995; citation_pages=267-268; citation_id=CR58"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Braz J Biol; citation_title=Hematological and physiological changes induced by short-term exposure to copper in the freshwater fish, Prochilodus scrofa; citation_author=AF Mazon, EAS Monteiro, GHD Pinheiro, MN Fernadez; citation_volume=62; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_pages=4a; citation_doi=10.1590/S1519-69842002000400010; citation_id=CR59"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Front Physiol; citation_title=Nuclear and cellular abnormalities of erythrocytes in response to thermal stress in common carp Cyprinus carpio; citation_author=M Shahjahan, MS Khatun, MM Mun, SMM Islam, MH Uddin, M Badruzzaman, S Khan; citation_volume=11; citation_publication_date=2020; citation_pages=543; citation_doi=10.3389/fphys.2020.00543; citation_id=CR60"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Funct Ecol; citation_title=The use of leukocyte profiles to measure stress in vertebrates: a review for ecologists; citation_author=AK Davis, DL Maney, JC Maerz; citation_volume=22; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_pages=760-772; citation_doi=10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01467.x; citation_id=CR61"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Vet Res Commun; citation_title=Cortisol and immune measures in boars exposed to 3-day administration of exogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone; citation_author=N Bilandzic, M Zuric, M Lojkic, B Simic, D Milic, I Barac; citation_volume=30; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=433-444; citation_doi=10.1007/s11259-006-3315-3; citation_id=CR62"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Anesthesia and restraint; citation_inbook_title=Fish medicine; citation_publication_date=1993; citation_pages=79-90; citation_id=CR63; citation_author=LA Brown; citation_publisher=W.B. Saunders Company"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Fish Physiol Biochem; citation_title=Hematology and stress physiology of juvenile diploid and triploid shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum); citation_author=MM Beyea, TJ Benfey, JD Kieffer; citation_volume=31; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=303-313; citation_doi=10.1007/s10695-005-1552-y; citation_id=CR64"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Acta Zool Lituanica Hydrobiol; citation_title=The effect of heavy metals on hematological indices of fish (Survey); citation_author=M Vosyliene; citation_volume=9; citation_publication_date=1999; citation_pages=76-82; citation_doi=10.1080/13921657.1999.10512290; citation_id=CR65"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Braz J Biol; citation_title=Acute morphological and physiological effects of lead in the neotropical fish, Prochidolus lineatus; citation_author=CBR Martinez, MY Nagae, CTBV Zaia, DAM Zai; citation_volume=64; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=797-807; citation_doi=10.1590/S1519-69842004000500009; citation_id=CR66"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Arch Environ Contam Toxicol; citation_title=Individual and combined effects of heavy metals on serum biochemistry of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus; citation_author=O Firat, F Kargın; citation_volume=58; citation_publication_date=2010; citation_pages=151-157; citation_doi=10.1007/s00244-009-9344-5; citation_id=CR67"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Witeska M, Kondera E, Szczygielska K (2010) The effects of cadmium on common carp erythrocyte morphology. Pol J Environ Stud 20:783–788"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Toxicol Rep; citation_title=Acute toxicity of an organophosphate insecticide sumithion to striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus; citation_author=SMM Islam, MA Rahman, S Nahar, MH Uddin, MM Haque, M Shahjahan; citation_volume=6; citation_publication_date=2019; citation_pages=957-962; citation_doi=10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.09.004; citation_id=CR69"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J Therm Biol; citation_title=Thermal stress causes nuclear and cellular abnormalities of peripheral erythrocytes in Indian major carp, rohu Labeo rohita; citation_author=M Ashaf-Ud-Doulah, M Shahjahan, SMM Islam, M Al-Emran, MS Rahman, MAR Hossain; citation_volume=86; citation_publication_date=2019; citation_pages=102450; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102450; citation_id=CR70"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Ecotox Environ Safe; citation_title=Chromium (VI) induced acutetoxicity and genotoxicity in freshwater stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis; citation_author=MK Ahmed, GK Kundu, MH Al-Mamun, SK Sarkar, MS Akter, MS Khan; citation_volume=92; citation_publication_date=2013; citation_pages=64-70; citation_doi=10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.02.008; citation_id=CR71"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Atmos Pollut Res; citation_title=Human health risks in national capital territory of Delhi due to air pollution; citation_author=AS Nagpure, BR Gurjar, J Martel; citation_volume=5; citation_publication_date=2014; citation_pages=371-380; citation_doi=10.5094/APR.2014.043; citation_id=CR72"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Pestic Biochem Physiol; citation_title=Cellular and biochemical effects induced by atrazine on blood of male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica); citation_author=R Hussain, F Mahmood, A Khan, MT Javed, S Rehan, T Mehdi; citation_volume=103; citation_publication_date=2012; citation_pages=38-42; citation_doi=10.1016/j.pestbp.2012.03.001; citation_id=CR73"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Acta Zool Litu; citation_title=Studies of micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities in blood of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) treated with heavy metal mixture and road maintenance salts; citation_author=L Andreikėnaitė, J Baršienė, MZ Vosylienė; citation_volume=17; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_pages=213-219; citation_doi=10.1080/13921657.2007.10512834; citation_id=CR74"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Zool Ecol; citation_title=Erythrocytes in teleost fishes: a review; citation_author=M Witeska; citation_volume=23; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=2013; citation_pages=275-281; citation_doi=10.1080/21658005.2013.846963; citation_id=CR75"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Int J Fish Aquat Stud; citation_title=Morphometric studies of blood cells in Cyprinus carpio, Ctenopharyngodan idella and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix cultured fish in west Godavari region of Andhra Pradesh; citation_author=MV Kumar; citation_volume=4; citation_issue=5; citation_publication_date=2016; citation_pages=489-493; citation_id=CR76"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J Exp Biol; citation_title=The adrenergic changes of immature and mature rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) erythrocytes; citation_author=T Lecklin, A Tuominen, M Nikinmaa; citation_volume=203; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=3025-3031; citation_doi=10.1242/jeb.203.19.3025; citation_id=CR77"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Comp Biochem Physiol; citation_title=Effects of different stressors in haematological variables in cultured Oreochromis aureus S; citation_author=R Silveira-Coffigny, A Prieto-Trujillo, F Ascencio-Valle; citation_volume=139C; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=245-250; citation_id=CR78"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Aquac Int; citation_title=Respiratory and hematological response of Tench, Tinca tinca (L.) to a short-term cadmium exposure; citation_author=M Witeska, B Jezierska, J Wolnicki; citation_volume=14; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=141-152; citation_doi=10.1007/s10499-005-9020-3; citation_id=CR79"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Mutat Res; citation_title=Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of the formulated insecticide aficida on Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Jenyns 1842) (Pisces: Poecillidae); citation_author=JV Candioti, S Soloneski, ML Larramendy; citation_volume=703; citation_publication_date=2010; citation_pages=180-186; citation_doi=10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.08.018; citation_id=CR80"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Environ Sci Pollut Res; citation_title=Impact of chlorpyrifos on behavior and histopathological indices in different tissues of freshwater fish Channa punctatus (Bloch); citation_author=A Stalin, P Suganthi, S Mathivani, BA Paray, MK Al-Sadoon, V Gokula, MS Musthafa; citation_volume=26; citation_publication_date=2019; citation_pages=17623-11763; citation_doi=10.1007/s11356-019-05165-3; citation_id=CR81"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Sci Asia; citation_title=Histological effects of contaminated sediments in Mae Klong river tributaries, Thailand, on Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus; citation_author=P Peebua, M Kruatrachuea, P Pokethitiyooka, P Kosiyachinda; citation_volume=32; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=143-150; citation_doi=10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2006.32.143; citation_id=CR82"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Vinodhini R, Narayanan M (2009) Heavy metal induced histopathological alterations in selected organs of the Cyprinus carpioL. (Common Carp). Int J Environ Res 3:95–100"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Aquat Living Resour; citation_title=Bioaccumulation and ultrastructural alterations of gill and liver in Asian sea bass, Lates calcarifer (Bloch) in sublethal copper exposure; citation_author=PS Paruruckumani, AM Rajan, V Ganapiriya, PK Kumarasamy; citation_volume=28; citation_publication_date=2015; citation_pages=33-44; citation_doi=10.1051/alr/2015003; citation_id=CR84"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Environ Monit Assess; citation_title=Monitoring pollution in River Mures, Romania, part II: metal accumulation and histopathology in fish; citation_author=R Triebskorn, I Telcean, H Casper, A Farkas, C Sandu; citation_volume=141; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_pages=177-188; citation_doi=10.1007/s10661-007-9886-9; citation_id=CR85"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Neotrop Ichthyol; citation_title=Histopathology of gills, kidney and liver of a neotropical fish caged in an urban stream; citation_author=MP Marina, BR Martinez; citation_volume=5; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_pages=327-336; citation_doi=10.1590/S1679-62252007000300013; citation_id=CR86"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J Environ Sci Health A; citation_title=Histopathology of gills in mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis after long-term exposure to sublethal concentrations of malathion; citation_author=EI Cengiz, E Unlu; citation_volume=38; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=581-589; citation_doi=10.1081/PFC-120023516; citation_id=CR87"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Hydrobiologia; citation_title=Histological alterations in fish; citation_author=D Bernet, H Schmidt-Posthaus, T Wahli, P Burkhardt-Holm; citation_volume=524; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=53-66; citation_doi=10.1023/B:HYDR.0000036196.84682.27; citation_id=CR88"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Afr J Aquat Sci; citation_title=A histologybased fish health assessment of four commercially and ecologically important species from the Okavango Delta panhandle, Botswana; citation_author=JC Dyk, MJ Marchand, NJ Smit, GM Pieterse; citation_volume=34; citation_publication_date=2009; citation_pages=273-282; citation_doi=10.2989/AJAS.2009.34.3.9.985; citation_id=CR89"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Roberts JR, Rodgers DW, Baily JR, Rorke MA (1978) Polychlorinated biphenyls: biological criteria for an assessment of their effects on environmental quality. Nat Res Council of Canada, Publ No NRCC 16077, Ottawa"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Fernandes C, Fontaínhas-Fernandes A, Rocha E, M Salgado MA (2008) Monitoring pollution in Esmoriz–Paramos lagoon, Portugal: Liver histological and biochemical effects in Liza saliens. Environ Monit Assess 145 (1–3):315–322"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Afr J Biotechnol; citation_title=Histopathology of the gill and liver tissues of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus exposed to lead; citation_author=EAA Olojo, KB Olurin, G Mbaka, AD Oluwemimio; citation_volume=4; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=117-122; citation_id=CR92"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Pesqui Vet Bras; citation_title=Histopathological changes in liver and gill epithelium of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, exposed to waterborne copper; citation_author=A Figueiredo-Fernandes, JV Ferreira-Cardoso, S Garcia-Santos, SM Monteiro, J Carrola, P Matos, A Fontaínhas-Fernandes; citation_volume=27; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_pages=103-109; citation_doi=10.1590/S0100-736X2007000300004; citation_id=CR93"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Bull Environ Contam Toxicol; citation_title=Liver histopathology in brown trout (Salmotrutta fario) from the Tinhela River, subjected to mine drainage from the abandoned Jales Mine (Portugal); citation_author=J Carrola, A Fontainhas-Fernandes, P Matos, E Rocha; citation_volume=83; citation_publication_date=2009; citation_pages=35-41; citation_doi=10.1007/s00128-009-9726-4; citation_id=CR94"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Bulg J Agric Sci; citation_title=Morphological variations on gill and liver of freshwater fish from dam lake “StudenKladenetes”; citation_author=I Velcheva, E Tomova, D Arnaudova, A Arnaudov; citation_volume=16; citation_publication_date=2010; citation_pages=364-368; citation_id=CR95"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Int J Environ Sci; citation_title=Effect of cadmium chloride on the histoarchitecture of liver and kidney of a freshwater catfish, Clarias batrachus; citation_author=A Bilal, TA Qureshi, M Susan, K Pinky, K Rumysa; citation_volume=2; citation_publication_date=2011; citation_pages=531-536; citation_id=CR96"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Kaptaner B, Kankaya E, Dogan A, Celik I (2014) Histopathology and oxidative stress in the liver of Chalcalburnus tarichi living in lake Van, Turkey. Life Sci J 11:66–77"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J Egypt Acade Soc Environ Dev; citation_title=Impacts of environmental pollution in the southern region of Lake Manzalah, Egypt, on the histological structures of the liver and intestine of Oreochromis niloticus and Tilapia zillii; citation_author=FA Mohamed; citation_volume=2; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=25-42; citation_id=CR98"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Sci Res Essays; citation_title=Effect of zinc toxicity on liver histology of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus; citation_author=AA Abdel-warith, EM Younis, NA Al-asgah, OM Wahbi; citation_volume=6; citation_publication_date=2011; citation_pages=3760-3769; citation_doi=10.5897/SRE11.883; citation_id=CR99"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Sci Mar; citation_title=Histopathological changes induced by lindane (HCH) in various organs of fishes; citation_author=JB Ortiz, MLG Canales, C Sarasquete; citation_volume=67; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=53-61; citation_doi=10.3989/scimar.2003.67n153; citation_id=CR100"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Bull Environ Contam Toxicol; citation_title=Toxic effects of mercuric chloride, methylmercuric chloride and emisan 6 (an organic mercurial fungicide) on ovarian recrudescence in the catfish Clarias barachus (L.); citation_author=R Kirubagaran, KP Joy; citation_volume=41; citation_publication_date=1988; citation_pages=902-909; citation_doi=10.1007/BF02021053; citation_id=CR101"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J Environ Sci Health Part B; citation_title=The effects of fenvalerate on different tissues of freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala; citation_author=V Murugan, M Selvanayagam, EI Cengiz, E Unlu; citation_volume=42; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_pages=157-163; citation_doi=10.1080/03601230601123292; citation_id=CR102"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Environ Toxicol Chem; citation_title=Interrenal dysfunction in fish from contaminated sites: in vivo and in vitro assessment; citation_author=A Hontela; citation_volume=17; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=44-48; citation_doi=10.1002/etc.5620170107; citation_id=CR103"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Levesque H, Dorval J, Van Der Kraak G, Campbell PGC, Hontela A (2003) Hormonal, morphological and physiological responses of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) to chronic environmental metal exposure. J Toxicol Environ Health 66:657–676"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Buxton GV, Greenstock CL, Helman WP, Ross AB (1988) Critical review of rate constants for reactions of hydrated electrons, hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl radicals (OH/O-) in aqueous solutions. J Phys Chern Ref Data 17:513–886"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Abbas HHH, Mahmoud HM, Miller JD (2007) Vitamin C and cadmium toxicity in fish Oreochromis niloticus. Online J Vet Res 11:54–74"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Suchana, Sajida Akter"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Fisheries Management, Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Ahmed, Md Shaker"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Fisheries Management, Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Islam, S. M. Majharul"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Fisheries Management, Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Rahman, Muhammad Lutfar"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Fisheries Management, Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Genetics and Fish Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Rohani, Md Fazle"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Ferdusi, Tanzina"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Ahmmad, A. K. Shakur"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Fatema, Mst Kaniz"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Fisheries Management, Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Badruzzaman, Muhammad"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Shahjahan, Md"/> <meta name="citation_author_email" content="mdshahjahan@bau.edu.bd"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Fisheries Management, Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh"/> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"/> <meta name="citation_cover_date" content="2021/10/01"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12011-020-02490-4"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="SpringerLink"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Chromium Exposure Causes Structural Aberrations of Erythrocytes, Gills, Liver, Kidney, and Genetic Damage in Striped Catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus - Biological Trace Element Research"/> <meta property="og:description" content="Heavy metal pollution due to anthropogenic activities poses a great threat to aquatic organisms. The present study was conducted to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of hexavalent chromium (potassium dichromate) on hemato-biochemical, histo-pathological, and genetical changes in striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Three sub-lethal doses (0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 mg/L) of chromium (Cr) were selected and fish were exposed in vivo contrasting with a control (0 mg/L) for 30 days. The study revealed that various hemato-biochemical parameters showed a significant decrease in hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBCs), and blood glucose content, whereas white blood cells (WBCs) significantly increased in Cr exposed fish. Frequencies of all forms of structural abnormalities of erythrocytes (erythrocytic cellular abnormalities; ECA, erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities; ENA and erythroblasts; Ebs) were significantly increased in higher two test concentrations (1.6 and 3.2 mg/L) when compared to control. Differential leucocyte count exhibited significant increase in neutrophil and decrease in lymphocytes in the highest Cr treated group. The severity of various histo-pathological changes in the gills, liver, and kidney were increased considerably with the increase of Cr concentrations. Similarly, the amount of DNA (ng/μl) decreased significantly in blood and tissues of different vital organs where the liver showed the highest decline compared to control in a concentration-dependent manner. Taken altogether, P. hypophthalmus is susceptible to Cr and can be used as a bio-indicator to assess aquatic metal pollution."/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://static-content.springer.com/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12011-020-02490-4/MediaObjects/12011_2020_2490_Fig1_HTML.png"/> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/apple-touch-icon-92e819bf8a.png> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/android-chrome-192x192-6f081ca7e5.png> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/favicon-32x32-1435da3e82.png> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/favicon-16x16-ed57f42bd2.png> <link rel="shortcut icon" data-test="shortcut-icon" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/favicon-c6d59aafac.ico> <meta name="theme-color" content="#e6e6e6">   <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href=/oscar-static/app-springerlink/css/print-b8af42253b.css> <style> html{text-size-adjust:100%;line-height:1.15}body{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;line-height:1.8;margin:0}details,main{display:block}h1{font-size:2em;margin:.67em 0}a{background-color:transparent;color:#025e8d}sub{bottom:-.25em;font-size:75%;line-height:0;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline}img{border:0;height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:middle}button,input{font-family:inherit;font-size:100%;line-height:1.15;margin:0;overflow:visible}button{text-transform:none}[type=button],[type=submit],button{-webkit-appearance:button}[type=search]{-webkit-appearance:textfield;outline-offset:-2px}summary{display:list-item}[hidden]{display:none}button{cursor:pointer}svg{height:1rem;width:1rem} </style> <style>@media only print, only all and (prefers-color-scheme: no-preference), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: light), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { body{background:#fff;color:#222;font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;line-height:1.8;min-height:100%}a{color:#025e8d;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-skip-ink:auto}button{cursor:pointer}img{border:0;height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:middle}html{box-sizing:border-box;font-size:100%;height:100%;overflow-y:scroll}h1{font-size:2.25rem}h2{font-size:1.75rem}h1,h2,h4{font-weight:700;line-height:1.2}h4{font-size:1.25rem}body{font-size:1.125rem}*{box-sizing:inherit}p{margin-bottom:2rem;margin-top:0}p:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.c-ad{text-align:center}@media only screen and (min-width:480px){.c-ad{padding:8px}}.c-ad--728x90{display:none}.c-ad--728x90 .c-ad__inner{min-height:calc(1.5em + 94px)}@media only screen and (min-width:876px){.js .c-ad--728x90{display:none}}.c-ad__label{color:#333;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;margin-bottom:4px}.c-ad__label,.c-status-message{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.c-status-message{align-items:center;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;position:relative;width:100%}.c-status-message :last-child{margin-bottom:0}.c-status-message--boxed{background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #ccc;line-height:1.4;padding:16px}.c-status-message__heading{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:700}.c-status-message__icon{fill:currentcolor;display:inline-block;flex:0 0 auto;height:1.5em;margin-right:8px;transform:translate(0);vertical-align:text-top;width:1.5em}.c-status-message__icon--top{align-self:flex-start}.c-status-message--info .c-status-message__icon{color:#003f8d}.c-status-message--boxed.c-status-message--info{border-bottom:4px solid #003f8d}.c-status-message--error .c-status-message__icon{color:#c40606}.c-status-message--boxed.c-status-message--error{border-bottom:4px solid #c40606}.c-status-message--success .c-status-message__icon{color:#00b8b0}.c-status-message--boxed.c-status-message--success{border-bottom:4px solid #00b8b0}.c-status-message--warning .c-status-message__icon{color:#edbc53}.c-status-message--boxed.c-status-message--warning{border-bottom:4px solid #edbc53}.eds-c-header{background-color:#fff;border-bottom:2px solid #01324b;font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5;padding:8px 0 0}.eds-c-header__container{align-items:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:nowrap;gap:8px 16px;justify-content:space-between;margin:0 auto 8px;max-width:1280px;padding:0 8px;position:relative}.eds-c-header__nav{border-top:2px solid #c5e0f4;padding-top:4px;position:relative}.eds-c-header__nav-container{align-items:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 auto 4px;max-width:1280px;padding:0 8px;position:relative}.eds-c-header__nav-container>:not(:last-child){margin-right:32px}.eds-c-header__link-container{align-items:center;display:flex;flex:1 0 auto;gap:8px 16px;justify-content:space-between}.eds-c-header__list{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.eds-c-header__list-item{font-weight:700;margin:0 auto;max-width:1280px;padding:8px}.eds-c-header__list-item:not(:last-child){border-bottom:2px solid #c5e0f4}.eds-c-header__item{color:inherit}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.eds-c-header__item--menu{display:none;visibility:hidden}.eds-c-header__item--menu:first-child+*{margin-block-start:0}}.eds-c-header__item--inline-links{display:none;visibility:hidden}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.eds-c-header__item--inline-links{display:flex;gap:16px 16px;visibility:visible}}.eds-c-header__item--divider:before{border-left:2px solid #c5e0f4;content:"";height:calc(100% - 16px);margin-left:-15px;position:absolute;top:8px}.eds-c-header__brand{padding:16px 8px}.eds-c-header__brand a{display:block;line-height:1;text-decoration:none}.eds-c-header__brand img{height:1.5rem;width:auto}.eds-c-header__link{color:inherit;display:inline-block;font-weight:700;padding:16px 8px;position:relative;text-decoration-color:transparent;white-space:nowrap;word-break:normal}.eds-c-header__icon{fill:currentcolor;display:inline-block;font-size:1.5rem;height:1em;transform:translate(0);vertical-align:bottom;width:1em}.eds-c-header__icon+*{margin-left:8px}.eds-c-header__expander{background-color:#f0f7fc}.eds-c-header__search{display:block;padding:24px 0}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.eds-c-header__search{max-width:70%}}.eds-c-header__search-container{position:relative}.eds-c-header__search-label{color:inherit;display:inline-block;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:8px}.eds-c-header__search-input{background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #000;padding:8px 48px 8px 8px;width:100%}.eds-c-header__search-button{background-color:transparent;border:0;color:inherit;height:100%;padding:0 8px;position:absolute;right:0}.has-tethered.eds-c-header__expander{border-bottom:2px solid #01324b;left:0;margin-top:-2px;top:100%;width:100%;z-index:10}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.has-tethered.eds-c-header__expander--menu{display:none;visibility:hidden}}.has-tethered .eds-c-header__heading{display:none;visibility:hidden}.has-tethered .eds-c-header__heading:first-child+*{margin-block-start:0}.has-tethered .eds-c-header__search{margin:auto}.eds-c-header__heading{margin:0 auto;max-width:1280px;padding:16px 16px 0}.eds-c-pagination{align-items:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:.875rem;gap:16px 0;justify-content:center;line-height:1.4;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:32px 0}@media only screen and (min-width:480px){.eds-c-pagination{padding:32px 16px}}.eds-c-pagination__item{margin-right:8px}.eds-c-pagination__item--prev{margin-right:16px}.eds-c-pagination__item--next .eds-c-pagination__link,.eds-c-pagination__item--prev .eds-c-pagination__link{padding:16px 8px}.eds-c-pagination__item--next{margin-left:8px}.eds-c-pagination__item:last-child{margin-right:0}.eds-c-pagination__link{align-items:center;color:#222;cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;font-size:1rem;margin:0;padding:16px 24px;position:relative;text-align:center;transition:all .2s ease 0s}.eds-c-pagination__link:visited{color:#222}.eds-c-pagination__link--disabled{border-color:#555;color:#555;cursor:default}.eds-c-pagination__link--active{background-color:#01324b;background-image:none;border-radius:8px;color:#fff}.eds-c-pagination__link--active:focus,.eds-c-pagination__link--active:hover,.eds-c-pagination__link--active:visited{color:#fff}.eds-c-pagination__link-container{align-items:center;display:flex}.eds-c-pagination__icon{fill:#222;height:1.5rem;width:1.5rem}.eds-c-pagination__icon--disabled{fill:#555}.eds-c-pagination__visually-hidden{clip:rect(0,0,0,0);border:0;clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute!important;white-space:nowrap;width:1px}.c-breadcrumbs{color:#333;font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:1rem;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.c-breadcrumbs>li{display:inline}svg.c-breadcrumbs__chevron{fill:#333;height:10px;margin:0 .25rem;width:10px}.c-breadcrumbs--contrast,.c-breadcrumbs--contrast .c-breadcrumbs__link{color:#fff}.c-breadcrumbs--contrast svg.c-breadcrumbs__chevron{fill:#fff}@media only screen and (max-width:479px){.c-breadcrumbs .c-breadcrumbs__item{display:none}.c-breadcrumbs .c-breadcrumbs__item:last-child,.c-breadcrumbs .c-breadcrumbs__item:nth-last-child(2){display:inline}}.c-skip-link{background:#01324b;bottom:auto;color:#fff;font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:1rem;padding:8px;position:absolute;text-align:center;transform:translateY(-100%);width:100%;z-index:9999}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.c-skip-link{transition:top .3s ease-in-out 0s}}@media print{.c-skip-link{display:none}}.c-skip-link:active,.c-skip-link:hover,.c-skip-link:link,.c-skip-link:visited{color:#fff}.c-skip-link:focus{transform:translateY(0)}.l-with-sidebar{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.l-with-sidebar>*{margin:0}.l-with-sidebar__sidebar{flex-basis:var(--with-sidebar--basis,400px);flex-grow:1}.l-with-sidebar>:not(.l-with-sidebar__sidebar){flex-basis:0px;flex-grow:999;min-width:var(--with-sidebar--min,53%)}.l-with-sidebar>:first-child{padding-right:4rem}@supports (gap:1em){.l-with-sidebar>:first-child{padding-right:0}.l-with-sidebar{gap:var(--with-sidebar--gap,4rem)}}.c-header__link{color:inherit;display:inline-block;font-weight:700;padding:16px 8px;position:relative;text-decoration-color:transparent;white-space:nowrap;word-break:normal}.app-masthead__colour-4{--background-color:#ff9500;--gradient-light:rgba(0,0,0,.5);--gradient-dark:rgba(0,0,0,.8)}.app-masthead{background:var(--background-color,#0070a8);position:relative}.app-masthead:after{background:radial-gradient(circle at top right,var(--gradient-light,rgba(0,0,0,.4)),var(--gradient-dark,rgba(0,0,0,.7)));bottom:0;content:"";left:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:0}@media only screen and (max-width:479px){.app-masthead:after{background:linear-gradient(225deg,var(--gradient-light,rgba(0,0,0,.4)),var(--gradient-dark,rgba(0,0,0,.7)))}}.app-masthead__container{color:var(--masthead-color,#fff);margin:0 auto;max-width:1280px;padding:0 16px;position:relative;z-index:1}.u-button{align-items:center;background-color:#01324b;background-image:none;border:4px solid transparent;border-radius:32px;cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:700;justify-content:center;line-height:1.3;margin:0;padding:16px 32px;position:relative;transition:all .2s ease 0s;width:auto}.u-button svg,.u-button--contrast svg,.u-button--primary svg,.u-button--secondary svg,.u-button--tertiary svg{fill:currentcolor}.u-button,.u-button:visited{color:#fff}.u-button,.u-button:hover{box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #01324b;text-decoration:none}.u-button:hover{border:4px solid #fff}.u-button:focus{border:4px solid #fc0;box-shadow:none;outline:0;text-decoration:none}.u-button:focus,.u-button:hover{background-color:#fff;background-image:none;color:#01324b}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:focus svg path,.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:hover svg path,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:focus svg path,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:hover svg path,.u-button--primary:focus svg path,.u-button--primary:hover svg path,.u-button:focus svg path,.u-button:hover svg path{fill:#01324b}.u-button--primary{background-color:#01324b;background-image:none;border:4px solid transparent;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #01324b;color:#fff;font-weight:700}.u-button--primary:visited{color:#fff}.u-button--primary:hover{border:4px solid #fff;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #01324b;text-decoration:none}.u-button--primary:focus{border:4px solid #fc0;box-shadow:none;outline:0;text-decoration:none}.u-button--primary:focus,.u-button--primary:hover{background-color:#fff;background-image:none;color:#01324b}.u-button--secondary{background-color:#fff;border:4px solid #fff;color:#01324b;font-weight:700}.u-button--secondary:visited{color:#01324b}.u-button--secondary:hover{border:4px solid #01324b;box-shadow:none}.u-button--secondary:focus,.u-button--secondary:hover{background-color:#01324b;color:#fff}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:focus svg path,.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:hover svg path,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:focus svg path,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:hover svg path,.u-button--secondary:focus svg path,.u-button--secondary:hover svg path,.u-button--tertiary:focus svg path,.u-button--tertiary:hover svg path{fill:#fff}.u-button--tertiary{background-color:#ebf1f5;border:4px solid transparent;box-shadow:none;color:#666;font-weight:700}.u-button--tertiary:visited{color:#666}.u-button--tertiary:hover{border:4px solid #01324b;box-shadow:none}.u-button--tertiary:focus,.u-button--tertiary:hover{background-color:#01324b;color:#fff}.u-button--contrast{background-color:transparent;background-image:none;color:#fff;font-weight:400}.u-button--contrast:visited{color:#fff}.u-button--contrast,.u-button--contrast:focus,.u-button--contrast:hover{border:4px solid #fff}.u-button--contrast:focus,.u-button--contrast:hover{background-color:#fff;background-image:none;color:#000}.u-button--contrast:focus svg path,.u-button--contrast:hover svg path{fill:#000}.u-button--disabled,.u-button:disabled{background-color:transparent;background-image:none;border:4px solid #ccc;color:#000;cursor:default;font-weight:400;opacity:.7}.u-button--disabled svg,.u-button:disabled svg{fill:currentcolor}.u-button--disabled:visited,.u-button:disabled:visited{color:#000}.u-button--disabled:focus,.u-button--disabled:hover,.u-button:disabled:focus,.u-button:disabled:hover{border:4px solid #ccc;text-decoration:none}.u-button--disabled:focus,.u-button--disabled:hover,.u-button:disabled:focus,.u-button:disabled:hover{background-color:transparent;background-image:none;color:#000}.u-button--disabled:focus svg path,.u-button--disabled:hover svg path,.u-button:disabled:focus svg path,.u-button:disabled:hover svg path{fill:#000}.u-button--small,.u-button--xsmall{font-size:.875rem;padding:2px 8px}.u-button--small{padding:8px 16px}.u-button--large{font-size:1.125rem;padding:10px 35px}.u-button--full-width{display:flex;width:100%}.u-button--icon-left svg{margin-right:8px}.u-button--icon-right svg{margin-left:8px}.u-clear-both{clear:both}.u-container{margin:0 auto;max-width:1280px;padding:0 16px}.u-justify-content-space-between{justify-content:space-between}.u-display-none{display:none}.js .u-js-hide,.u-hide{display:none;visibility:hidden}.u-visually-hidden{clip:rect(0,0,0,0);border:0;clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute!important;white-space:nowrap;width:1px}.u-icon{fill:currentcolor;display:inline-block;height:1em;transform:translate(0);vertical-align:text-top;width:1em}.u-list-reset{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.u-ma-16{margin:16px}.u-mt-0{margin-top:0}.u-mt-24{margin-top:24px}.u-mt-32{margin-top:32px}.u-mb-8{margin-bottom:8px}.u-mb-32{margin-bottom:32px}.u-button-reset{background-color:transparent;border:0;padding:0}.u-sans-serif{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.u-serif{font-family:Merriweather,serif}h1,h2,h4{-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}p{overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word}.u-h4{font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.2}.u-mbs-0{margin-block-start:0!important}.c-article-header{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.c-article-identifiers{color:#6f6f6f;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.3;list-style:none;margin:0 0 8px;padding:0}.c-article-identifiers__item{border-right:1px solid #6f6f6f;list-style:none;margin-right:8px;padding-right:8px}.c-article-identifiers__item:last-child{border-right:0;margin-right:0;padding-right:0}@media only screen and (min-width:876px){.c-article-title{font-size:1.875rem;line-height:1.2}}.c-article-author-list{display:inline;font-size:1rem;list-style:none;margin:0 8px 0 0;padding:0;width:100%}.c-article-author-list__item{display:inline;padding-right:0}.c-article-author-list__show-more{display:none;margin-right:4px}.c-article-author-list__button,.js .c-article-author-list__item--hide,.js .c-article-author-list__show-more{display:none}.js .c-article-author-list--long .c-article-author-list__show-more,.js .c-article-author-list--long+.c-article-author-list__button{display:inline}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){.js .c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen{display:none}.js .c-article-author-list--short .c-article-author-list__show-more,.js .c-article-author-list--short+.c-article-author-list__button{display:inline}}#uptodate-client,.js .c-article-author-list--expanded .c-article-author-list__show-more{display:none!important}.js .c-article-author-list--expanded .c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen{display:inline!important}.c-article-author-list__button,.c-button-author-list{background:#ebf1f5;border:4px solid #ebf1f5;border-radius:20px;color:#666;font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.4;padding:2px 11px 2px 8px;text-decoration:none}.c-article-author-list__button svg,.c-button-author-list svg{margin:1px 4px 0 0}.c-article-author-list__button:hover,.c-button-author-list:hover{background:#025e8d;border-color:transparent;color:#fff}.c-article-body .c-article-access-provider{padding:8px 16px}.c-article-body .c-article-access-provider,.c-notes{border:1px solid #d5d5d5;border-image:initial;border-left:none;border-right:none;margin:24px 0}.c-article-body .c-article-access-provider__text{color:#555}.c-article-body .c-article-access-provider__text,.c-notes__text{font-size:1rem;margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:2px;padding-top:2px;text-align:center}.c-article-body .c-article-author-affiliation__address{color:inherit;font-weight:700;margin:0}.c-article-body .c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.c-article-body .c-article-author-affiliation__authors-item{display:inline;margin-left:0}.c-article-authors-search{margin-bottom:24px;margin-top:0}.c-article-authors-search__item,.c-article-authors-search__title{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.c-article-authors-search__title{color:#626262;font-size:1.05rem;font-weight:700;margin:0;padding:0}.c-article-authors-search__item{font-size:1rem}.c-article-authors-search__text{margin:0}.c-code-block{border:1px solid #fff;font-family:monospace;margin:0 0 24px;padding:20px}.c-code-block__heading{font-weight:400;margin-bottom:16px}.c-code-block__line{display:block;overflow-wrap:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap}.c-article-share-box{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;margin-bottom:24px}.c-article-share-box__description{font-size:1rem;margin-bottom:8px}.c-article-share-box__no-sharelink-info{font-size:.813rem;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:24px;padding-top:4px}.c-article-share-box__only-read-input{border:1px solid #d5d5d5;box-sizing:content-box;display:inline-block;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:700;height:24px;margin-bottom:8px;padding:8px 10px}.c-article-share-box__additional-info{color:#626262;font-size:.813rem}.c-article-share-box__button{background:#fff;box-sizing:content-box;text-align:center}.c-article-share-box__button--link-like{background-color:transparent;border:0;color:#025e8d;cursor:pointer;font-size:.875rem;margin-bottom:8px;margin-left:10px}.c-article-associated-content__container .c-article-associated-content__collection-label{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.4}.c-article-associated-content__container .c-article-associated-content__collection-title{line-height:1.3}.c-reading-companion{clear:both;min-height:389px}.c-reading-companion__figures-list,.c-reading-companion__references-list{list-style:none;min-height:389px;padding:0}.c-reading-companion__references-list--numeric{list-style:decimal inside}.c-reading-companion__figure-item{border-top:1px solid #d5d5d5;font-size:1rem;padding:16px 8px 16px 0}.c-reading-companion__figure-item:first-child{border-top:none;padding-top:8px}.c-reading-companion__reference-item{font-size:1rem}.c-reading-companion__reference-item:first-child{border-top:none}.c-reading-companion__reference-item a{word-break:break-word}.c-reading-companion__reference-citation{display:inline}.c-reading-companion__reference-links{font-size:.813rem;font-weight:700;list-style:none;margin:8px 0 0;padding:0;text-align:right}.c-reading-companion__reference-links>a{display:inline-block;padding-left:8px}.c-reading-companion__reference-links>a:first-child{display:inline-block;padding-left:0}.c-reading-companion__figure-title{display:block;font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.2;margin:0 0 8px}.c-reading-companion__figure-links{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;margin:8px 0 0}.c-reading-companion__figure-links>a{align-items:center;display:flex}.c-article-section__figure-caption{display:block;margin-bottom:8px;word-break:break-word}.c-article-section__figure .video,p.app-article-masthead__access--above-download{margin:0 0 16px}.c-article-section__figure-description{font-size:1rem}.c-article-section__figure-description>*{margin-bottom:0}.c-cod{display:block;font-size:1rem;width:100%}.c-cod__form{background:#ebf0f3}.c-cod__prompt{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.3;margin:0 0 24px}.c-cod__label{display:block;margin:0 0 4px}.c-cod__row{display:flex;margin:0 0 16px}.c-cod__row:last-child{margin:0}.c-cod__input{border:1px solid #d5d5d5;border-radius:2px;flex-shrink:0;margin:0;padding:13px}.c-cod__input--submit{background-color:#025e8d;border:1px solid #025e8d;color:#fff;flex-shrink:1;margin-left:8px;transition:background-color .2s ease-out 0s,color .2s ease-out 0s}.c-cod__input--submit-single{flex-basis:100%;flex-shrink:0;margin:0}.c-cod__input--submit:focus,.c-cod__input--submit:hover{background-color:#fff;color:#025e8d}.save-data .c-article-author-institutional-author__sub-division,.save-data .c-article-equation__number,.save-data .c-article-figure-description,.save-data .c-article-fullwidth-content,.save-data .c-article-main-column,.save-data .c-article-satellite-article-link,.save-data .c-article-satellite-subtitle,.save-data .c-article-table-container,.save-data .c-blockquote__body,.save-data .c-code-block__heading,.save-data .c-reading-companion__figure-title,.save-data .c-reading-companion__reference-citation,.save-data .c-site-messages--nature-briefing-email-variant .serif,.save-data .c-site-messages--nature-briefing-email-variant.serif,.save-data .serif,.save-data .u-serif,.save-data h1,.save-data h2,.save-data h3{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.c-pdf-download__link{display:flex;flex:1 1 0%;padding:13px 24px}.c-pdf-download__link:hover{text-decoration:none}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.c-context-bar--sticky .c-pdf-download__link{align-items:center;flex:1 1 183px}}@media only screen and (max-width:320px){.c-context-bar--sticky .c-pdf-download__link{padding:16px}}.c-article-body .c-article-recommendations-list,.c-book-body .c-article-recommendations-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;gap:16px 16px;margin:0;max-width:100%;padding:16px 0 0}.c-article-body .c-article-recommendations-list__item,.c-book-body .c-article-recommendations-list__item{flex:1 1 0%}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){.c-article-body .c-article-recommendations-list,.c-book-body .c-article-recommendations-list{flex-direction:column}}.c-article-body .c-article-recommendations-card__authors{display:none;font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.5;margin:0 0 8px}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){.c-article-body .c-article-recommendations-card__authors{display:block;margin:0}}.c-article-body .c-article-history{margin-top:24px}.app-article-metrics-bar p{margin:0}.app-article-masthead{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:16px 16px;padding:16px 0 24px}.app-article-masthead__info{display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-grow:1}.app-article-masthead__brand{border-top:1px solid hsla(0,0%,100%,.8);display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-shrink:0;gap:8px 8px;min-height:96px;padding:16px 0 0}.app-article-masthead__brand img{border:1px solid #fff;border-radius:8px;box-shadow:0 4px 15px 0 hsla(0,0%,50%,.25);height:auto;left:0;position:absolute;width:72px}.app-article-masthead__journal-link{display:block;font-size:1.125rem;font-weight:700;margin:0 0 8px;max-width:400px;padding:0 0 0 88px;position:relative}.app-article-masthead__journal-title{-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:3;display:-webkit-box;overflow:hidden}.app-article-masthead__submission-link{align-items:center;display:flex;font-size:1rem;gap:4px 4px;margin:0 0 0 88px}.app-article-masthead__access{align-items:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:300;gap:4px 4px;margin:0}.app-article-masthead__buttons{display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;gap:16px 16px}.app-article-masthead__access svg,.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary svg,.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary svg,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary svg,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary svg{fill:currentcolor}.app-article-masthead a{color:#fff}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary{background-color:#025e8d;background-image:none;border:2px solid transparent;box-shadow:none;color:#fff;font-weight:700}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:visited,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:visited{color:#fff}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:hover,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:hover{text-decoration:none}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:focus,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:focus{border:4px solid #fc0;box-shadow:none;outline:0;text-decoration:none}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:focus,.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:hover,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:focus,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:hover{background-color:#fff;background-image:none;color:#01324b}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:hover,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--primary:hover{background:0 0;border:2px solid #025e8d;box-shadow:none;color:#025e8d}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary{background:0 0;border:2px solid #025e8d;color:#025e8d;font-weight:700}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:visited,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:visited{color:#01324b}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:hover,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:hover{background-color:#01324b;background-color:#025e8d;border:2px solid transparent;box-shadow:none;color:#fff}.app-masthead--pastel .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:focus,.c-context-bar--sticky .c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button--secondary:focus{background-color:#fff;background-image:none;border:4px solid #fc0;color:#01324b}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.app-article-masthead{flex-direction:row;gap:64px 64px;padding:24px 0}.app-article-masthead__brand{border:0;padding:0}.app-article-masthead__brand img{height:auto;position:static;width:auto}.app-article-masthead__buttons{align-items:center;flex-direction:row;margin-top:auto}.app-article-masthead__journal-link{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:24px 24px;margin:0 0 8px;padding:0}.app-article-masthead__submission-link{margin:0}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.app-article-masthead__brand{flex-basis:400px}}.app-article-masthead .c-article-identifiers{font-size:.875rem;font-weight:300;line-height:1;margin:0 0 8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0}.app-article-masthead .c-article-identifiers--cite-list{margin:0 0 16px}.app-article-masthead .c-article-identifiers *{color:#fff}.app-article-masthead .c-cod{display:none}.app-article-masthead .c-article-identifiers__item{border-left:1px solid #fff;border-right:0;margin:0 17px 8px -9px;padding:0 0 0 8px}.app-article-masthead .c-article-identifiers__item--cite{border-left:0}.app-article-metrics-bar{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:1rem;padding:16px 0 0;row-gap:24px}.app-article-metrics-bar__item{padding:0 16px 0 0}.app-article-metrics-bar__count{font-weight:700}.app-article-metrics-bar__label{font-weight:400;padding-left:4px}.app-article-metrics-bar__icon{height:auto;margin-right:4px;margin-top:-4px;width:auto}.app-article-metrics-bar__arrow-icon{margin:4px 0 0 4px}.app-article-metrics-bar a{color:#000}.app-article-metrics-bar .app-article-metrics-bar__item--metrics{padding-right:0}.app-overview-section .c-article-author-list,.app-overview-section__authors{line-height:2}.app-article-metrics-bar{margin-top:8px}.c-book-toc-pagination+.c-book-section__back-to-top{margin-top:0}.c-article-body .c-article-access-provider__text--chapter{color:#222;font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;padding:20px 0}.c-article-body .c-article-access-provider__text--chapter svg.c-status-message__icon{fill:#003f8d;vertical-align:middle}.c-article-body-section__content--separator{padding-top:40px}.c-pdf-download__link{max-height:44px}.app-article-access .u-button--primary,.app-article-access .u-button--primary:visited{color:#fff}.c-article-sidebar{display:none}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.c-article-sidebar{display:block}}.c-cod__form{border-radius:12px}.c-cod__label{font-size:.875rem}.c-cod .c-status-message{align-items:center;justify-content:center;margin-bottom:16px;padding-bottom:16px}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.c-cod .c-status-message{align-items:inherit}}.c-cod .c-status-message__icon{margin-top:4px}.c-cod .c-cod__prompt{font-size:1rem;margin-bottom:16px}.c-article-body .app-article-access,.c-book-body .app-article-access{display:block}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.c-article-body .app-article-access,.c-book-body .app-article-access{display:none}}.c-article-body .app-card-service{margin-bottom:32px}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.c-article-body .app-card-service{display:none}}.app-article-access .buybox__buy .u-button--secondary,.app-article-access .u-button--primary,.c-cod__row .u-button--primary{background-color:#025e8d;border:2px solid #025e8d;box-shadow:none;font-size:1rem;font-weight:700;gap:8px 8px;justify-content:center;line-height:1.5;padding:8px 24px}.app-article-access .buybox__buy .u-button--secondary,.app-article-access .u-button--primary:hover,.c-cod__row .u-button--primary:hover{background-color:#fff;color:#025e8d}.app-article-access .buybox__buy .u-button--secondary:hover{background-color:#025e8d;color:#fff}.buybox__buy .c-notes__text{color:#666;font-size:.875rem;padding:0 16px 8px}.c-cod__input{flex-basis:auto;width:100%}.c-article-title{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:2.25rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.2;margin:12px 0}.c-reading-companion__figure-item figure{margin:0}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.c-article-title{margin:16px 0}}.app-article-access{border:1px solid #c5e0f4;border-radius:12px}.app-article-access__heading{border-bottom:1px solid #c5e0f4;font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem;font-weight:700;margin:0;padding:16px;text-align:center}.app-article-access .buybox__info svg{vertical-align:middle}.c-article-body .app-article-access p{margin-bottom:0}.app-article-access .buybox__info{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:1rem;margin:0}.app-article-access{margin:0 0 32px}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.app-article-access{margin:0 0 24px}}.c-status-message{font-size:1rem}.c-article-body{font-size:1.125rem}.c-article-body dl,.c-article-body ol,.c-article-body p,.c-article-body ul{margin-bottom:32px;margin-top:0}.c-article-access-provider__text:last-of-type,.c-article-body .c-notes__text:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.c-article-body ol p,.c-article-body ul p{margin-bottom:16px}.c-article-section__figure-caption{font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.c-reading-companion__figure-item{border-top-color:#c5e0f4}.c-reading-companion__sticky{max-width:400px}.c-article-section .c-article-section__figure-description>*{font-size:1rem;margin-bottom:16px}.c-reading-companion__reference-item{border-top:1px solid #d5d5d5;padding:16px 0}.c-reading-companion__reference-item:first-child{padding-top:0}.c-article-share-box__button,.js .c-article-authors-search__item .c-article-button{background:0 0;border:2px solid #025e8d;border-radius:32px;box-shadow:none;color:#025e8d;font-size:1rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.5;margin:0;padding:8px 24px;transition:all .2s ease 0s}.c-article-authors-search__item .c-article-button{width:100%}.c-pdf-download .u-button{background-color:#fff;border:2px solid #fff;color:#01324b;justify-content:center}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button svg,.c-pdf-download .u-button svg{fill:currentcolor}.c-pdf-download .u-button:visited{color:#01324b}.c-pdf-download .u-button:hover{border:4px solid #01324b;box-shadow:none}.c-pdf-download .u-button:focus,.c-pdf-download .u-button:hover{background-color:#01324b}.c-pdf-download .u-button:focus svg path,.c-pdf-download .u-button:hover svg path{fill:#fff}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button{background-image:none;border:2px solid;color:#fff}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:visited{color:#fff}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:hover{text-decoration:none}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:focus{box-shadow:none;outline:0;text-decoration:none}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:focus,.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:hover{background-color:#fff;background-image:none;color:#01324b}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:focus svg path,.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:hover svg path{fill:#01324b}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button,.c-pdf-download .u-button{box-shadow:none;font-size:1rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.5;padding:8px 24px}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button{background-color:#025e8d}.c-pdf-download .u-button:hover{border:2px solid #fff}.c-pdf-download .u-button:focus,.c-pdf-download .u-button:hover{background:0 0;box-shadow:none;color:#fff}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:hover{border:2px solid #025e8d;box-shadow:none;color:#025e8d}.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:focus,.c-pdf-download .u-button:focus{border:2px solid #025e8d}.c-article-share-box__button:focus:focus,.c-article__pill-button:focus:focus,.c-context-bar__container .c-pdf-download .u-button:focus:focus,.c-pdf-download .u-button:focus:focus{outline:3px solid #08c;will-change:transform}.c-pdf-download__link .u-icon{padding-top:0}.c-bibliographic-information__column button{margin-bottom:16px}.c-article-body .c-article-author-affiliation__list p,.c-article-body .c-article-author-information__list p,figure{margin:0}.c-article-share-box__button{margin-right:16px}.c-status-message--boxed{border-radius:12px}.c-article-associated-content__collection-title{font-size:1rem}.app-card-service__description,.c-article-body .app-card-service__description{color:#222;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:8px}.app-article-access__subscriptions a,.app-article-access__subscriptions a:visited,.app-book-series-listing__item a,.app-book-series-listing__item a:hover,.app-book-series-listing__item a:visited,.c-article-author-list a,.c-article-author-list a:visited,.c-article-buy-box a,.c-article-buy-box a:visited,.c-article-peer-review a,.c-article-peer-review a:visited,.c-article-satellite-subtitle a,.c-article-satellite-subtitle a:visited,.c-breadcrumbs__link,.c-breadcrumbs__link:hover,.c-breadcrumbs__link:visited{color:#000}.c-article-author-list svg{height:24px;margin:0 0 0 6px;width:24px}.c-article-header{margin-bottom:32px}@media only screen and (min-width:876px){.js .c-ad--conditional{display:block}}.u-lazy-ad-wrapper{background-color:#fff;display:none;min-height:149px}@media only screen and (min-width:876px){.u-lazy-ad-wrapper{display:block}}p.c-ad__label{margin-bottom:4px}.c-ad--728x90{background-color:#fff;border-bottom:2px solid #cedbe0} } </style> <style>@media only print, only all and (prefers-color-scheme: no-preference), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: light), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { .eds-c-header__brand img{height:24px;width:203px}.app-article-masthead__journal-link img{height:93px;width:72px}@media only screen and (min-width:769px){.app-article-masthead__journal-link img{height:161px;width:122px}} } </style> <link rel="stylesheet" data-test="critical-css-handler" data-inline-css-source="critical-css" href=/oscar-static/app-springerlink/css/core-darwin-5272567b64.css media="print" onload="this.media='all';this.onload=null"> <link rel="stylesheet" data-test="critical-css-handler" data-inline-css-source="critical-css" href="/oscar-static/app-springerlink/css/enhanced-darwin-article-72ba046d97.css" media="print" onload="this.media='only print, only all and (prefers-color-scheme: no-preference), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: light), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: dark)';this.onload=null"> <script type="text/javascript"> config = { env: 'live', site: '12011.springer.com', siteWithPath: '12011.springer.com' + window.location.pathname, twitterHashtag: '12011', cmsPrefix: 'https://studio-cms.springernature.com/studio/', publisherBrand: 'Springer', mustardcut: false }; </script> <script> window.dataLayer = [{"GA Key":"UA-26408784-1","DOI":"10.1007/s12011-020-02490-4","Page":"article","springerJournal":true,"Publishing Model":"Hybrid Access","page":{"attributes":{"environment":"live"}},"Country":"HK","japan":false,"doi":"10.1007-s12011-020-02490-4","Journal Id":12011,"Journal Title":"Biological Trace Element Research","imprint":"Springer","Keywords":"K2Cr2O7\n , Heavy metals, Genotoxicity, Fish, Hematological parameters, DNA","kwrd":["K2Cr2O7","Heavy_metals","Genotoxicity","Fish","Hematological_parameters","DNA"],"Labs":"Y","ksg":"Krux.segments","kuid":"Krux.uid","Has Body":"Y","Features":[],"Open Access":"N","hasAccess":"N","bypassPaywall":"N","user":{"license":{"businessPartnerID":[],"businessPartnerIDString":""}},"Access Type":"no-access","Bpids":"","Bpnames":"","BPID":["1"],"VG Wort Identifier":"pw-vgzm.415900-10.1007-s12011-020-02490-4","Full HTML":"N","Subject Codes":["SCL","SCL14005","SCC12002","SCC18000","SCH33160"],"pmc":["L","L14005","C12002","C18000","H33160"],"session":{"authentication":{"loginStatus":"N"},"attributes":{"edition":"academic"}},"content":{"serial":{"eissn":"1559-0720","pissn":"0163-4984"},"type":"Article","category":{"pmc":{"primarySubject":"Life Sciences","primarySubjectCode":"L","secondarySubjects":{"1":"Biochemistry, general","2":"Biotechnology","3":"Nutrition","4":"Oncology"},"secondarySubjectCodes":{"1":"L14005","2":"C12002","3":"C18000","4":"H33160"}},"sucode":"SC3","articleType":"Article"},"attributes":{"deliveryPlatform":"oscar"}},"Event Category":"Article"}]; </script> <script data-test="springer-link-article-datalayer"> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({ ga4MeasurementId: 'G-B3E4QL2TPR', ga360TrackingId: 'UA-26408784-1', twitterId: 'o47a7', baiduId: 'aef3043f025ccf2305af8a194652d70b', ga4ServerUrl: 'https://collect.springer.com', imprint: 'springerlink', page: { attributes:{ featureFlags: [{ name: 'darwin-orion', active: true }, { name: 'chapter-books-recs', active: true } ], darwinAvailable: true } } }); </script> <script> (function(w, d) { w.config = w.config || {}; w.config.mustardcut = false; if (w.matchMedia && w.matchMedia('only print, only all and (prefers-color-scheme: no-preference), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: light), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches) { w.config.mustardcut = true; d.classList.add('js'); d.classList.remove('grade-c'); d.classList.remove('no-js'); } })(window, document.documentElement); </script> <script class="js-entry"> if (window.config.mustardcut) { (function(w, d) { window.Component = {}; window.suppressShareButton = false; window.onArticlePage = true; var currentScript = d.currentScript || d.head.querySelector('script.js-entry'); function catchNoModuleSupport() { var scriptEl = d.createElement('script'); return (!('noModule' in scriptEl) && 'onbeforeload' in scriptEl) } var headScripts = [ {'src': '/oscar-static/js/polyfill-es5-bundle-572d4fec60.js', 'async': false} ]; var bodyScripts = [ {'src': '/oscar-static/js/global-article-es5-bundle-dad1690b0d.js', 'async': false, 'module': false}, {'src': '/oscar-static/js/global-article-es6-bundle-e7d03c4cb3.js', 'async': false, 'module': true} ]; function createScript(script) { var scriptEl = d.createElement('script'); scriptEl.src = script.src; scriptEl.async = script.async; if (script.module === true) { scriptEl.type = "module"; if (catchNoModuleSupport()) { scriptEl.src = ''; } } else if (script.module === false) { scriptEl.setAttribute('nomodule', true) } if (script.charset) { scriptEl.setAttribute('charset', script.charset); } return scriptEl; } for (var i = 0; i < headScripts.length; ++i) { var scriptEl = createScript(headScripts[i]); currentScript.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptEl, currentScript.nextSibling); } d.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() { for (var i = 0; i < bodyScripts.length; ++i) { var scriptEl = createScript(bodyScripts[i]); d.body.appendChild(scriptEl); } }); // Webfont repeat view var config = w.config; if (config && config.publisherBrand && sessionStorage.fontsLoaded === 'true') { d.documentElement.className += ' webfonts-loaded'; } })(window, document); } </script> <script data-src="https://cdn.optimizely.com/js/27195530232.js" data-cc-script="C03"></script> <script data-test="gtm-head"> window.initGTM = function() { if (window.config.mustardcut) { (function (w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js'}); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-MRVXSHQ'); } } </script> <script> (function (w, d, t) { function cc() { var h = w.location.hostname; var e = d.createElement(t), s = d.getElementsByTagName(t)[0]; if (h.indexOf('springer.com') > -1 && h.indexOf('biomedcentral.com') === -1 && h.indexOf('springeropen.com') === -1) { if (h.indexOf('link-qa.springer.com') > -1 || h.indexOf('test-www.springer.com') > -1) { e.src = 'https://cmp.springer.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-17-52.js'; e.setAttribute('onload', "initGTM(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MRVXSHQ')"); } else { e.src = 'https://cmp.springer.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-17-52.js'; e.setAttribute('onload', "initGTM(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MRVXSHQ')"); } } else if (h.indexOf('biomedcentral.com') > -1) { if (h.indexOf('biomedcentral.com.qa') > -1) { e.src = 'https://cmp.biomedcentral.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-15-36.js'; e.setAttribute('onload', "initGTM(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MRVXSHQ')"); } else { e.src = 'https://cmp.biomedcentral.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-15-36.js'; e.setAttribute('onload', "initGTM(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MRVXSHQ')"); } } else if (h.indexOf('springeropen.com') > -1) { if (h.indexOf('springeropen.com.qa') > -1) { e.src = 'https://cmp.springernature.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-16-34.js'; e.setAttribute('onload', "initGTM(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MRVXSHQ')"); } else { e.src = 'https://cmp.springernature.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-16-34.js'; e.setAttribute('onload', "initGTM(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MRVXSHQ')"); } } else if (h.indexOf('springernature.com') > -1) { if (h.indexOf('beta-qa.springernature.com') > -1) { e.src = 'https://cmp.springernature.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-49-43.js'; e.setAttribute('onload', "initGTM(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-NK22KLS')"); } else { e.src = 'https://cmp.springernature.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-49-43.js'; e.setAttribute('onload', "initGTM(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-NK22KLS')"); } } else { e.src = '/oscar-static/js/cookie-consent-es5-bundle-cb57c2c98a.js'; e.setAttribute('data-consent', h); } s.insertAdjacentElement('afterend', e); } cc(); })(window, document, 'script'); </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12011-020-02490-4"/> <script type="application/ld+json">{"mainEntity":{"headline":"Chromium Exposure Causes Structural Aberrations of Erythrocytes, Gills, Liver, Kidney, and Genetic Damage in Striped Catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus","description":"Heavy metal pollution due to anthropogenic activities poses a great threat to aquatic organisms. The present study was conducted to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of hexavalent chromium (potassium dichromate) on hemato-biochemical, histo-pathological, and genetical changes in striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Three sub-lethal doses (0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 mg/L) of chromium (Cr) were selected and fish were exposed in vivo contrasting with a control (0 mg/L) for 30 days. The study revealed that various hemato-biochemical parameters showed a significant decrease in hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBCs), and blood glucose content, whereas white blood cells (WBCs) significantly increased in Cr exposed fish. Frequencies of all forms of structural abnormalities of erythrocytes (erythrocytic cellular abnormalities; ECA, erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities; ENA and erythroblasts; Ebs) were significantly increased in higher two test concentrations (1.6 and 3.2 mg/L) when compared to control. Differential leucocyte count exhibited significant increase in neutrophil and decrease in lymphocytes in the highest Cr treated group. The severity of various histo-pathological changes in the gills, liver, and kidney were increased considerably with the increase of Cr concentrations. Similarly, the amount of DNA (ng/μl) decreased significantly in blood and tissues of different vital organs where the liver showed the highest decline compared to control in a concentration-dependent manner. Taken altogether, P. hypophthalmus is susceptible to Cr and can be used as a bio-indicator to assess aquatic metal pollution.","datePublished":"2020-11-18T00:00:00Z","dateModified":"2020-11-18T00:00:00Z","pageStart":"3869","pageEnd":"3885","sameAs":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02490-4","keywords":["K2Cr2O7\n ","Heavy metals","Genotoxicity","Fish","Hematological parameters","DNA","Biochemistry","general","Biotechnology","Nutrition","Oncology"],"image":["https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12011-020-02490-4/MediaObjects/12011_2020_2490_Fig1_HTML.png","https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12011-020-02490-4/MediaObjects/12011_2020_2490_Fig2_HTML.png","https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12011-020-02490-4/MediaObjects/12011_2020_2490_Fig3_HTML.png","https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12011-020-02490-4/MediaObjects/12011_2020_2490_Fig4_HTML.png","https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12011-020-02490-4/MediaObjects/12011_2020_2490_Fig5_HTML.png","https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12011-020-02490-4/MediaObjects/12011_2020_2490_Fig6_HTML.png","https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12011-020-02490-4/MediaObjects/12011_2020_2490_Fig7_HTML.png"],"isPartOf":{"name":"Biological Trace Element Research","issn":["1559-0720","0163-4984"],"volumeNumber":"199","@type":["Periodical","PublicationVolume"]},"publisher":{"name":"Springer US","logo":{"url":"https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.png","@type":"ImageObject"},"@type":"Organization"},"author":[{"name":"Sajida Akter Suchana","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangladesh Agricultural University","address":{"name":"Department of Fisheries Management, Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Md Shaker Ahmed","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangladesh Agricultural University","address":{"name":"Department of Fisheries Management, Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"S. M. Majharul Islam","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangladesh Agricultural University","address":{"name":"Department of Fisheries Management, Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Muhammad Lutfar Rahman","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangladesh Agricultural University","address":{"name":"Department of Fisheries Management, Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"},{"name":"Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University","address":{"name":"Department of Genetics and Fish Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Md Fazle Rohani","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangladesh Agricultural University","address":{"name":"Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Tanzina Ferdusi","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangladesh Agricultural University","address":{"name":"Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"A. K. Shakur Ahmmad","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangladesh Agricultural University","address":{"name":"Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Mst Kaniz Fatema","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangladesh Agricultural University","address":{"name":"Department of Fisheries Management, Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Muhammad Badruzzaman","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University","address":{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Md Shahjahan","url":"http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1097-8849","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangladesh Agricultural University","address":{"name":"Department of Fisheries Management, Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"email":"mdshahjahan@bau.edu.bd","@type":"Person"}],"isAccessibleForFree":false,"hasPart":{"isAccessibleForFree":false,"cssSelector":".main-content","@type":"WebPageElement"},"@type":"ScholarlyArticle"},"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"WebPage"}</script> </head> <body class="" >  <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MRVXSHQ" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript>   <noscript data-test="gtm-body"> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MRVXSHQ" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript>  <div class="u-visually-hidden" aria-hidden="true" data-test="darwin-icons"> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><symbol id="icon-eds-i-accesses-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M15.59 1a1 1 0 0 1 .706.291l5.41 5.385a1 1 0 0 1 .294.709v13.077c0 .674-.269 1.32-.747 1.796a2.549 2.549 0 0 1-1.798.742H15a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h4.455a.549.549 0 0 0 .387-.16.535.535 0 0 0 .158-.378V7.8L15.178 3H5.545a.543.543 0 0 0-.538.451L5 3.538v8.607a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V3.538A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 5.545 1h10.046ZM8 13c2.052 0 4.66 1.61 6.36 3.4l.124.141c.333.41.516.925.516 1.459 0 .6-.232 1.178-.64 1.599C12.666 21.388 10.054 23 8 23c-2.052 0-4.66-1.61-6.353-3.393A2.31 2.31 0 0 1 1 18c0-.6.232-1.178.64-1.6C3.34 14.61 5.948 13 8 13Zm0 2c-1.369 0-3.552 1.348-4.917 2.785A.31.31 0 0 0 3 18c0 .083.031.161.09.222C4.447 19.652 6.631 21 8 21c1.37 0 3.556-1.35 4.917-2.785A.31.31 0 0 0 13 18a.32.32 0 0 0-.048-.17l-.042-.052C11.553 16.348 9.369 15 8 15Zm0 1a2 2 0 1 1 0 4 2 2 0 0 1 0-4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-altmetric-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c5.978 0 10.843 4.77 10.996 10.712l.004.306-.002.022-.002.248C22.843 18.23 17.978 23 12 23 5.925 23 1 18.075 1 12S5.925 1 12 1Zm-1.726 9.246L8.848 12.53a1 1 0 0 1-.718.461L8.003 13l-4.947.014a9.001 9.001 0 0 0 17.887-.001L16.553 13l-2.205 3.53a1 1 0 0 1-1.735-.068l-.05-.11-2.289-6.106ZM12 3a9.001 9.001 0 0 0-8.947 8.013l4.391-.012L9.652 7.47a1 1 0 0 1 1.784.179l2.288 6.104 1.428-2.283a1 1 0 0 1 .722-.462l.129-.008 4.943.012A9.001 9.001 0 0 0 12 3Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-bend-down-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m11.852 20.989.058.007L12 21l.075-.003.126-.017.111-.03.111-.044.098-.052.104-.074.082-.073 6-6a1 1 0 0 0-1.414-1.414L13 17.585v-12.2C13 4.075 11.964 3 10.667 3H4a1 1 0 1 0 0 2h6.667c.175 0 .333.164.333.385v12.2l-4.293-4.292a1 1 0 0 0-1.32-.083l-.094.083a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.414l6 6c.035.036.073.068.112.097l.11.071.114.054.105.035.118.025Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-bend-down-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M1 2a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h5v8.585L3.707 8.293a1 1 0 0 0-1.32-.083l-.094.083a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.414l5 5 .063.059.093.069.081.048.105.048.104.035.105.022.096.01h.136l.122-.018.113-.03.103-.04.1-.053.102-.07.052-.043 5.04-5.037a1 1 0 1 0-1.415-1.414L9 11.583V3a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H2a1 1 0 0 0-1 1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-bend-up-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m11.852 3.011.058-.007L12 3l.075.003.126.017.111.03.111.044.098.052.104.074.082.073 6 6a1 1 0 1 1-1.414 1.414L13 6.415v12.2C13 19.925 11.964 21 10.667 21H4a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h6.667c.175 0 .333-.164.333-.385v-12.2l-4.293 4.292a1 1 0 0 1-1.32.083l-.094-.083a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414l6-6c.035-.036.073-.068.112-.097l.11-.071.114-.054.105-.035.118-.025Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-bend-up-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M1 13.998a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h5V4.413L3.707 7.705a1 1 0 0 1-1.32.084l-.094-.084a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414l5-5 .063-.059.093-.068.081-.05.105-.047.104-.035.105-.022L7.94 1l.136.001.122.017.113.03.103.04.1.053.102.07.052.043 5.04 5.037a1 1 0 1 1-1.415 1.414L9 4.415v8.583a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-diagonal-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M14 3h6l.075.003.126.017.111.03.111.044.098.052.096.067.09.08c.036.035.068.073.097.112l.071.11.054.114.035.105.03.148L21 4v6a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V6.414l-4.293 4.293a1 1 0 0 1-1.414-1.414L17.584 5H14a1 1 0 0 1-.993-.883L13 4a1 1 0 0 1 1-1ZM4 13a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v3.584l4.293-4.291a1 1 0 1 1 1.414 1.414L6.414 19H10a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L11 20a1 1 0 0 1-1 1l-6.075-.003-.126-.017-.111-.03-.111-.044-.098-.052-.096-.067-.09-.08a1.01 1.01 0 0 1-.097-.112l-.071-.11-.054-.114-.035-.105-.025-.118-.007-.058L3 20v-6a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-diagonal-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="m2 15-.082-.004-.119-.016-.111-.03-.111-.044-.098-.052-.096-.067-.09-.08a1.008 1.008 0 0 1-.097-.112l-.071-.11-.031-.062-.034-.081-.024-.076-.025-.118-.007-.058L1 14.02V9a1 1 0 1 1 2 0v2.584l2.793-2.791a1 1 0 1 1 1.414 1.414L4.414 13H7a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L8 14a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2ZM14 1l.081.003.12.017.111.03.111.044.098.052.096.067.09.08c.036.035.068.073.097.112l.071.11.031.062.034.081.024.076.03.148L15 2v5a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V4.414l-2.96 2.96A1 1 0 1 1 8.626 5.96L11.584 3H9a1 1 0 0 1-.993-.883L8 2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h5Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-down-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m20.707 12.728-7.99 7.98a.996.996 0 0 1-.561.281l-.157.011a.998.998 0 0 1-.788-.384l-7.918-7.908a1 1 0 0 1 1.414-1.416L11 17.576V4a1 1 0 0 1 2 0v13.598l6.293-6.285a1 1 0 0 1 1.32-.082l.095.083a1 1 0 0 1-.001 1.414Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-down-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="m1.293 8.707 6 6 .063.059.093.069.081.048.105.049.104.034.056.013.118.017L8 15l.076-.003.122-.017.113-.03.085-.032.063-.03.098-.058.06-.043.05-.043 6.04-6.037a1 1 0 0 0-1.414-1.414L9 11.583V2a1 1 0 1 0-2 0v9.585L2.707 7.293a1 1 0 0 0-1.32-.083l-.094.083a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.414Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-left-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m11.272 3.293-7.98 7.99a.996.996 0 0 0-.281.561L3 12.001c0 .32.15.605.384.788l7.908 7.918a1 1 0 0 0 1.416-1.414L6.424 13H20a1 1 0 0 0 0-2H6.402l6.285-6.293a1 1 0 0 0 .082-1.32l-.083-.095a1 1 0 0 0-1.414.001Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-left-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="m7.293 1.293-6 6-.059.063-.069.093-.048.081-.049.105-.034.104-.013.056-.017.118L1 8l.003.076.017.122.03.113.032.085.03.063.058.098.043.06.043.05 6.037 6.04a1 1 0 0 0 1.414-1.414L4.417 9H14a1 1 0 0 0 0-2H4.415l4.292-4.293a1 1 0 0 0 .083-1.32l-.083-.094a1 1 0 0 0-1.414 0Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m12.728 3.293 7.98 7.99a.996.996 0 0 1 .281.561l.011.157c0 .32-.15.605-.384.788l-7.908 7.918a1 1 0 0 1-1.416-1.414L17.576 13H4a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h13.598l-6.285-6.293a1 1 0 0 1-.082-1.32l.083-.095a1 1 0 0 1 1.414.001Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-right-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="m8.707 1.293 6 6 .059.063.069.093.048.081.049.105.034.104.013.056.017.118L15 8l-.003.076-.017.122-.03.113-.032.085-.03.063-.058.098-.043.06-.043.05-6.037 6.04a1 1 0 0 1-1.414-1.414L11.583 9H2a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h9.585L7.293 2.707a1 1 0 0 1-.083-1.32l.083-.094a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 0Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-up-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m3.293 11.272 7.99-7.98a.996.996 0 0 1 .561-.281L12.001 3c.32 0 .605.15.788.384l7.918 7.908a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.416L13 6.424V20a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V6.402l-6.293 6.285a1 1 0 0 1-1.32.082l-.095-.083a1 1 0 0 1 .001-1.414Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-up-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="m1.293 7.293 6-6 .063-.059.093-.069.081-.048.105-.049.104-.034.056-.013.118-.017L8 1l.076.003.122.017.113.03.085.032.063.03.098.058.06.043.05.043 6.04 6.037a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414L9 4.417V14a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V4.415L2.707 8.707a1 1 0 0 1-1.32.083l-.094-.083a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-article-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M8 7a1 1 0 0 0 0 2h4a1 1 0 1 0 0-2H8ZM8 11a1 1 0 1 0 0 2h8a1 1 0 1 0 0-2H8ZM7 16a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h8a1 1 0 1 1 0 2H8a1 1 0 0 1-1-1Z"/><path d="M5.545 1A2.542 2.542 0 0 0 3 3.538v16.924A2.542 2.542 0 0 0 5.545 23h12.91A2.542 2.542 0 0 0 21 20.462V3.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 18.5 1H5.545ZM5 3.538C5 3.245 5.24 3 5.545 3H18.5a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5v16.962c0 .293-.24.538-.546.538H5.545A.542.542 0 0 1 5 20.462V3.538Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-book-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M18.5 1A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 21 3.5v12c0 1.16-.79 2.135-1.86 2.418l-.14.031V21h1a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L21 22a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H6.5A3.5 3.5 0 0 1 3 19.5v-15A3.5 3.5 0 0 1 6.5 1h12ZM17 18H6.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 0-1.493 1.356L5 19.5A1.5 1.5 0 0 0 6.5 21H17v-3Zm1.5-15h-12A1.5 1.5 0 0 0 5 4.5v11.837l.054-.025a3.481 3.481 0 0 1 1.254-.307L6.5 16h12a.5.5 0 0 0 .492-.41L19 15.5v-12a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5ZM15 6a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H9a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h6Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-book-series-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1 3.786C1 2.759 1.857 2 2.82 2H6.18c.964 0 1.82.759 1.82 1.786V4h3.168c.668 0 1.298.364 1.616.938.158-.109.333-.195.523-.252l3.216-.965c.923-.277 1.962.204 2.257 1.187l4.146 13.82c.296.984-.307 1.957-1.23 2.234l-3.217.965c-.923.277-1.962-.203-2.257-1.187L13 10.005v10.21c0 1.04-.878 1.785-1.834 1.785H7.833c-.291 0-.575-.07-.83-.195A1.849 1.849 0 0 1 6.18 22H2.821C1.857 22 1 21.241 1 20.214V3.786ZM3 4v11h3V4H3Zm0 16v-3h3v3H3Zm15.075-.04-.814-2.712 2.874-.862.813 2.712-2.873.862Zm1.485-5.49-2.874.862-2.634-8.782 2.873-.862 2.635 8.782ZM8 20V6h3v14H8Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-calendar-acceptance-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17 2a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1h1.5C20.817 4 22 5.183 22 6.5v13c0 1.317-1.183 2.5-2.5 2.5h-15C3.183 22 2 20.817 2 19.5v-13C2 5.183 3.183 4 4.5 4a1 1 0 1 1 0 2c-.212 0-.5.288-.5.5v13c0 .212.288.5.5.5h15c.212 0 .5-.288.5-.5v-13c0-.212-.288-.5-.5-.5H18v1a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-.534 7.747a1 1 0 0 1 .094 1.412l-4.846 5.538a1 1 0 0 1-1.352.141l-2.77-2.076a1 1 0 0 1 1.2-1.6l2.027 1.519 4.236-4.84a1 1 0 0 1 1.411-.094ZM7.5 2a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1H14a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8.5v1a1 1 0 1 1-2 0V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-calendar-date-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17 2a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1h1.5C20.817 4 22 5.183 22 6.5v13c0 1.317-1.183 2.5-2.5 2.5h-15C3.183 22 2 20.817 2 19.5v-13C2 5.183 3.183 4 4.5 4a1 1 0 1 1 0 2c-.212 0-.5.288-.5.5v13c0 .212.288.5.5.5h15c.212 0 .5-.288.5-.5v-13c0-.212-.288-.5-.5-.5H18v1a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1ZM8 15a1 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0-2Zm4 0a1 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0-2Zm-4-4a1 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0-2Zm4 0a1 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0-2Zm4 0a1 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0-2ZM7.5 2a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1H14a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8.5v1a1 1 0 1 1-2 0V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-calendar-decision-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17 2a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1h1.5C20.817 4 22 5.183 22 6.5v13c0 1.317-1.183 2.5-2.5 2.5h-15C3.183 22 2 20.817 2 19.5v-13C2 5.183 3.183 4 4.5 4a1 1 0 1 1 0 2c-.212 0-.5.288-.5.5v13c0 .212.288.5.5.5h15c.212 0 .5-.288.5-.5v-13c0-.212-.288-.5-.5-.5H18v1a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-2.935 8.246 2.686 2.645c.34.335.34.883 0 1.218l-2.686 2.645a.858.858 0 0 1-1.213-.009.854.854 0 0 1 .009-1.21l1.05-1.035H7.984a.992.992 0 0 1-.984-1c0-.552.44-1 .984-1h5.928l-1.051-1.036a.854.854 0 0 1-.085-1.121l.076-.088a.858.858 0 0 1 1.213-.009ZM7.5 2a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1H14a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8.5v1a1 1 0 1 1-2 0V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-calendar-impact-factor-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17 2a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1h1.5C20.817 4 22 5.183 22 6.5v13c0 1.317-1.183 2.5-2.5 2.5h-15C3.183 22 2 20.817 2 19.5v-13C2 5.183 3.183 4 4.5 4a1 1 0 1 1 0 2c-.212 0-.5.288-.5.5v13c0 .212.288.5.5.5h15c.212 0 .5-.288.5-.5v-13c0-.212-.288-.5-.5-.5H18v1a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-3.2 6.924a.48.48 0 0 1 .125.544l-1.52 3.283h2.304c.27 0 .491.215.491.483a.477.477 0 0 1-.13.327l-4.18 4.484a.498.498 0 0 1-.69.031.48.48 0 0 1-.125-.544l1.52-3.284H9.291a.487.487 0 0 1-.491-.482c0-.121.047-.238.13-.327l4.18-4.484a.498.498 0 0 1 .69-.031ZM7.5 2a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1H14a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8.5v1a1 1 0 1 1-2 0V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-call-papers-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="m20.707 2.883-1.414 1.414a1 1 0 0 0 1.414 1.414l1.414-1.414a1 1 0 0 0-1.414-1.414Z"/><path d="M6 16.054c0 2.026 1.052 2.943 3 2.943a1 1 0 1 1 0 2c-2.996 0-5-1.746-5-4.943v-1.227a4.068 4.068 0 0 1-1.83-1.189 4.553 4.553 0 0 1-.87-1.455 4.868 4.868 0 0 1-.3-1.686c0-1.17.417-2.298 1.17-3.14.38-.426.834-.767 1.338-1 .51-.237 1.06-.36 1.617-.36L6.632 6H7l7.932-2.895A2.363 2.363 0 0 1 18 5.36v9.28a2.36 2.36 0 0 1-3.069 2.25l.084.03L7 14.997H6v1.057Zm9.637-11.057a.415.415 0 0 0-.083.008L8 7.638v5.536l7.424 1.786.104.02c.035.01.072.02.109.02.2 0 .363-.16.363-.36V5.36c0-.2-.163-.363-.363-.363Zm-9.638 3h-.874a1.82 1.82 0 0 0-.625.111l-.15.063a2.128 2.128 0 0 0-.689.517c-.42.47-.661 1.123-.661 1.81 0 .34.06.678.176.992.114.308.28.585.485.816.4.447.925.691 1.464.691h.874v-5Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/><path d="M20 8.997h2a1 1 0 1 1 0 2h-2a1 1 0 1 1 0-2ZM20.707 14.293l1.414 1.414a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414l-1.414-1.414a1 1 0 0 1 1.414-1.414Z"/></g></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-card-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.615 2c.315 0 .716.067 1.14.279.76.38 1.245 1.107 1.245 2.106v15.23c0 .315-.067.716-.279 1.14-.38.76-1.107 1.245-2.106 1.245H4.385a2.56 2.56 0 0 1-1.14-.279C2.485 21.341 2 20.614 2 19.615V4.385c0-.315.067-.716.279-1.14C2.659 2.485 3.386 2 4.385 2h15.23Zm0 2H4.385c-.213 0-.265.034-.317.14A.71.71 0 0 0 4 4.385v15.23c0 .213.034.265.14.317a.71.71 0 0 0 .245.068h15.23c.213 0 .265-.034.317-.14a.71.71 0 0 0 .068-.245V4.385c0-.213-.034-.265-.14-.317A.71.71 0 0 0 19.615 4ZM17 16a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H7a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h10Zm0-3a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H7a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h10Zm-.5-7A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 18 7.5v3a1.5 1.5 0 0 1-1.5 1.5h-9A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 6 10.5v-3A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 7.5 6h9ZM16 8H8v2h8V8Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-cart-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M5.76 1a1 1 0 0 1 .994.902L7.155 6h13.34c.18 0 .358.02.532.057l.174.045a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 1.693 3.103l-2.069 7.03c-.36 1.099-1.398 1.823-2.49 1.763H8.65c-1.272.015-2.352-.927-2.546-2.244L4.852 3H2a1 1 0 0 1-.993-.883L1 2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h3.76Zm2.328 14.51a.555.555 0 0 0 .55.488l9.751.001a.533.533 0 0 0 .527-.357l2.059-7a.5.5 0 0 0-.48-.642H7.351l.737 7.51ZM18 19a2 2 0 1 1 0 4 2 2 0 0 1 0-4ZM8 19a2 2 0 1 1 0 4 2 2 0 0 1 0-4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-check-circle-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1Zm0 2a9 9 0 1 0 0 18 9 9 0 0 0 0-18Zm5.125 4.72a1 1 0 0 1 .156 1.405l-6 7.5a1 1 0 0 1-1.421.143l-3-2.5a1 1 0 0 1 1.28-1.536l2.217 1.846 5.362-6.703a1 1 0 0 1 1.406-.156Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-check-filled-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1Zm5.125 6.72a1 1 0 0 0-1.406.155l-5.362 6.703-2.217-1.846a1 1 0 1 0-1.28 1.536l3 2.5a1 1 0 0 0 1.42-.143l6-7.5a1 1 0 0 0-.155-1.406Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-chevron-down-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3.305 8.28a1 1 0 0 0-.024 1.415l7.495 7.762c.314.345.757.543 1.224.543.467 0 .91-.198 1.204-.522l7.515-7.783a1 1 0 1 0-1.438-1.39L12 15.845l-7.28-7.54A1 1 0 0 0 3.4 8.2l-.096.082Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-chevron-down-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M13.692 5.278a1 1 0 0 1 .03 1.414L9.103 11.51a1.491 1.491 0 0 1-2.188.019L2.278 6.692a1 1 0 0 1 1.444-1.384L8 9.771l4.278-4.463a1 1 0 0 1 1.318-.111l.096.081Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-chevron-left-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M15.72 3.305a1 1 0 0 0-1.415-.024l-7.762 7.495A1.655 1.655 0 0 0 6 12c0 .467.198.91.522 1.204l7.783 7.515a1 1 0 1 0 1.39-1.438L8.155 12l7.54-7.28A1 1 0 0 0 15.8 3.4l-.082-.096Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-chevron-left-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M10.722 2.308a1 1 0 0 0-1.414-.03L4.49 6.897a1.491 1.491 0 0 0-.019 2.188l4.838 4.637a1 1 0 1 0 1.384-1.444L6.229 8l4.463-4.278a1 1 0 0 0 .111-1.318l-.081-.096Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-chevron-right-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M8.28 3.305a1 1 0 0 1 1.415-.024l7.762 7.495c.345.314.543.757.543 1.224 0 .467-.198.91-.522 1.204l-7.783 7.515a1 1 0 1 1-1.39-1.438L15.845 12l-7.54-7.28A1 1 0 0 1 8.2 3.4l.082-.096Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-chevron-right-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M5.278 2.308a1 1 0 0 1 1.414-.03l4.819 4.619a1.491 1.491 0 0 1 .019 2.188l-4.838 4.637a1 1 0 1 1-1.384-1.444L9.771 8 5.308 3.722a1 1 0 0 1-.111-1.318l.081-.096Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-chevron-up-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20.695 15.72a1 1 0 0 0 .024-1.415l-7.495-7.762A1.655 1.655 0 0 0 12 6c-.467 0-.91.198-1.204.522l-7.515 7.783a1 1 0 1 0 1.438 1.39L12 8.155l7.28 7.54a1 1 0 0 0 1.319.106l.096-.082Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-chevron-up-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M13.692 10.722a1 1 0 0 0 .03-1.414L9.103 4.49a1.491 1.491 0 0 0-2.188-.019L2.278 9.308a1 1 0 0 0 1.444 1.384L8 6.229l4.278 4.463a1 1 0 0 0 1.318.111l.096-.081Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-citations-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M15.59 1a1 1 0 0 1 .706.291l5.41 5.385a1 1 0 0 1 .294.709v13.077c0 .674-.269 1.32-.747 1.796a2.549 2.549 0 0 1-1.798.742h-5.843a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h5.843a.549.549 0 0 0 .387-.16.535.535 0 0 0 .158-.378V7.8L15.178 3H5.545a.543.543 0 0 0-.538.451L5 3.538v8.607a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V3.538A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 5.545 1h10.046ZM5.483 14.35c.197.26.17.62-.049.848l-.095.083-.016.011c-.36.24-.628.45-.804.634-.393.409-.59.93-.59 1.562.077-.019.192-.028.345-.028.442 0 .84.158 1.195.474.355.316.532.716.532 1.2 0 .501-.173.9-.518 1.198-.345.298-.767.446-1.266.446-.672 0-1.209-.195-1.612-.585-.403-.39-.604-.976-.604-1.757 0-.744.11-1.39.33-1.938.222-.549.49-1.009.807-1.38a4.28 4.28 0 0 1 .992-.88c.07-.043.148-.087.232-.133a.881.881 0 0 1 1.121.245Zm5 0c.197.26.17.62-.049.848l-.095.083-.016.011c-.36.24-.628.45-.804.634-.393.409-.59.93-.59 1.562.077-.019.192-.028.345-.028.442 0 .84.158 1.195.474.355.316.532.716.532 1.2 0 .501-.173.9-.518 1.198-.345.298-.767.446-1.266.446-.672 0-1.209-.195-1.612-.585-.403-.39-.604-.976-.604-1.757 0-.744.11-1.39.33-1.938.222-.549.49-1.009.807-1.38a4.28 4.28 0 0 1 .992-.88c.07-.043.148-.087.232-.133a.881.881 0 0 1 1.121.245Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-clipboard-check-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M14.4 1c1.238 0 2.274.865 2.536 2.024L18.5 3C19.886 3 21 4.14 21 5.535v14.93C21 21.86 19.886 23 18.5 23h-13C4.114 23 3 21.86 3 20.465V5.535C3 4.14 4.114 3 5.5 3h1.57c.27-1.147 1.3-2 2.53-2h4.8Zm4.115 4-1.59.024A2.601 2.601 0 0 1 14.4 7H9.6c-1.23 0-2.26-.853-2.53-2H5.5c-.27 0-.5.234-.5.535v14.93c0 .3.23.535.5.535h13c.27 0 .5-.234.5-.535V5.535c0-.3-.23-.535-.485-.535Zm-1.909 4.205a1 1 0 0 1 .19 1.401l-5.334 7a1 1 0 0 1-1.344.23l-2.667-1.75a1 1 0 1 1 1.098-1.672l1.887 1.238 4.769-6.258a1 1 0 0 1 1.401-.19ZM14.4 3H9.6a.6.6 0 0 0-.6.6v.8a.6.6 0 0 0 .6.6h4.8a.6.6 0 0 0 .6-.6v-.8a.6.6 0 0 0-.6-.6Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-clipboard-report-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M14.4 1c1.238 0 2.274.865 2.536 2.024L18.5 3C19.886 3 21 4.14 21 5.535v14.93C21 21.86 19.886 23 18.5 23h-13C4.114 23 3 21.86 3 20.465V5.535C3 4.14 4.114 3 5.5 3h1.57c.27-1.147 1.3-2 2.53-2h4.8Zm4.115 4-1.59.024A2.601 2.601 0 0 1 14.4 7H9.6c-1.23 0-2.26-.853-2.53-2H5.5c-.27 0-.5.234-.5.535v14.93c0 .3.23.535.5.535h13c.27 0 .5-.234.5-.535V5.535c0-.3-.23-.535-.485-.535Zm-2.658 10.929a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h7.857Zm0-3.929a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h7.857ZM14.4 3H9.6a.6.6 0 0 0-.6.6v.8a.6.6 0 0 0 .6.6h4.8a.6.6 0 0 0 .6-.6v-.8a.6.6 0 0 0-.6-.6Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-close-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1Zm0 2a9 9 0 1 0 0 18 9 9 0 0 0 0-18ZM8.707 7.293 12 10.585l3.293-3.292a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 1.414L13.415 12l3.292 3.293a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414L12 13.415l-3.293 3.292a1 1 0 1 1-1.414-1.414L10.585 12 7.293 8.707a1 1 0 0 1 1.414-1.414Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-cloud-upload-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m12.852 10.011.028-.004L13 10l.075.003.126.017.086.022.136.052.098.052.104.074.082.073 3 3a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.414l-.094.083a1 1 0 0 1-1.32-.083L14 13.416V20a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-6.586l-1.293 1.293a1 1 0 0 1-1.32.083l-.094-.083a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414l3-3 .112-.097.11-.071.114-.054.105-.035.118-.025Zm.587-7.962c3.065.362 5.497 2.662 5.992 5.562l.013.085.207.073c2.117.782 3.496 2.845 3.337 5.097l-.022.226c-.297 2.561-2.503 4.491-5.124 4.502a1 1 0 1 1-.009-2c1.619-.007 2.967-1.186 3.147-2.733.179-1.542-.86-2.979-2.487-3.353-.512-.149-.894-.579-.981-1.165-.21-2.237-2-4.035-4.308-4.308-2.31-.273-4.497 1.06-5.25 3.19l-.049.113c-.234.468-.718.756-1.176.743-1.418.057-2.689.857-3.32 2.084a3.668 3.668 0 0 0 .262 3.798c.796 1.136 2.169 1.764 3.583 1.635a1 1 0 1 1 .182 1.992c-2.125.194-4.193-.753-5.403-2.48a5.668 5.668 0 0 1-.403-5.86c.85-1.652 2.449-2.79 4.323-3.092l.287-.039.013-.028c1.207-2.741 4.125-4.404 7.186-4.042Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-collection-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 7a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v12.5a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-2.5 2.5H8a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h11.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-5.5-5A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 18 4.5v12a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-2.5 2.5h-11A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 2 16.5v-12A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 4.5 2h11Zm0 2h-11a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5v12a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5h11a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5v-12a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5ZM13 13a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H7a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h6Zm0-3.5a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H7a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h6ZM13 6a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H7a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h6Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-conference-series-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4.5 2A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2 4.5v11A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 4.5 18h2.37l-2.534 2.253a1 1 0 0 0 1.328 1.494L9.88 18H11v3a1 1 0 1 0 2 0v-3h1.12l4.216 3.747a1 1 0 0 0 1.328-1.494L17.13 18h2.37a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5v-11A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 19.5 2h-15ZM20 6V4.5a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5h-15a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5V6h16ZM4 8v7.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5h15a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H4Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-delivery-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M8.51 20.598a3.037 3.037 0 0 1-3.02 0A2.968 2.968 0 0 1 4.161 19L3.5 19A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 1 16.5v-11A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 3.5 3h10a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 2.45 2.004L16 5h2.527c.976 0 1.855.585 2.27 1.49l2.112 4.62a1 1 0 0 1 .091.416v4.856C23 17.814 21.889 19 20.484 19h-.523a1.01 1.01 0 0 1-.121-.007 2.96 2.96 0 0 1-1.33 1.605 3.037 3.037 0 0 1-3.02 0A2.968 2.968 0 0 1 14.161 19H9.838a2.968 2.968 0 0 1-1.327 1.597Zm-2.024-3.462a.955.955 0 0 0-.481.73L5.999 18l.001.022a.944.944 0 0 0 .388.777l.098.065c.316.181.712.181 1.028 0A.97.97 0 0 0 8 17.978a.95.95 0 0 0-.486-.842 1.037 1.037 0 0 0-1.028 0Zm10 0a.955.955 0 0 0-.481.73l-.005.156a.944.944 0 0 0 .388.777l.098.065c.316.181.712.181 1.028 0a.97.97 0 0 0 .486-.886.95.95 0 0 0-.486-.842 1.037 1.037 0 0 0-1.028 0ZM21 12h-5v3.17a3.038 3.038 0 0 1 2.51.232 2.993 2.993 0 0 1 1.277 1.45l.058.155.058-.005.581-.002c.27 0 .516-.263.516-.618V12Zm-7.5-7h-10a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5v11a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5h.662a2.964 2.964 0 0 1 1.155-1.491l.172-.107a3.037 3.037 0 0 1 3.022 0A2.987 2.987 0 0 1 9.843 17H13.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5v-11a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5Zm5.027 2H16v3h4.203l-1.224-2.677a.532.532 0 0 0-.375-.316L18.527 7Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-download-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M22 18.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-3.5 3.5h-13A3.5 3.5 0 0 1 2 18.5V18a1 1 0 0 1 2 0v.5A1.5 1.5 0 0 0 5.5 20h13a1.5 1.5 0 0 0 1.5-1.5V18a1 1 0 0 1 2 0v.5Zm-3.293-7.793-6 6-.063.059-.093.069-.081.048-.105.049-.104.034-.056.013-.118.017L12 17l-.076-.003-.122-.017-.113-.03-.085-.032-.063-.03-.098-.058-.06-.043-.05-.043-6.04-6.037a1 1 0 0 1 1.414-1.414l4.294 4.29L11 3a1 1 0 0 1 2 0l.001 10.585 4.292-4.292a1 1 0 0 1 1.32-.083l.094.083a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.414Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-edit-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17.149 2a2.38 2.38 0 0 1 1.699.711l2.446 2.46a2.384 2.384 0 0 1 .005 3.38L10.01 19.906a1 1 0 0 1-.434.257l-6.3 1.8a1 1 0 0 1-1.237-1.237l1.8-6.3a1 1 0 0 1 .257-.434L15.443 2.718A2.385 2.385 0 0 1 17.15 2Zm-3.874 5.689-7.586 7.536-1.234 4.319 4.318-1.234 7.54-7.582-3.038-3.039ZM17.149 4a.395.395 0 0 0-.286.126L14.695 6.28l3.029 3.029 2.162-2.173a.384.384 0 0 0 .106-.197L20 6.864c0-.103-.04-.2-.119-.278l-2.457-2.47A.385.385 0 0 0 17.149 4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-education-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12.41 2.088a1 1 0 0 0-.82 0l-10 4.5a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.824L3 9.047v7.124A3.001 3.001 0 0 0 4 22a3 3 0 0 0 1-5.83V9.948l1 .45V14.5a1 1 0 0 0 .087.408L7 14.5c-.913.408-.912.41-.912.41l.001.003.003.006.007.015a1.988 1.988 0 0 0 .083.16c.054.097.131.225.236.373.21.297.53.68.993 1.057C8.351 17.292 9.824 18 12 18c2.176 0 3.65-.707 4.589-1.476.463-.378.783-.76.993-1.057a4.162 4.162 0 0 0 .319-.533l.007-.015.003-.006v-.003h.002s0-.002-.913-.41l.913.408A1 1 0 0 0 18 14.5v-4.103l4.41-1.985a1 1 0 0 0 0-1.824l-10-4.5ZM16 11.297l-3.59 1.615a1 1 0 0 1-.82 0L8 11.297v2.94a3.388 3.388 0 0 0 .677.739C9.267 15.457 10.294 16 12 16s2.734-.543 3.323-1.024a3.388 3.388 0 0 0 .677-.739v-2.94ZM4.437 7.5 12 4.097 19.563 7.5 12 10.903 4.437 7.5ZM3 19a1 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 0 0 1-2 0Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-error-diamond-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12.002 1c.702 0 1.375.279 1.871.775l8.35 8.353a2.646 2.646 0 0 1 .001 3.744l-8.353 8.353a2.646 2.646 0 0 1-3.742 0l-8.353-8.353a2.646 2.646 0 0 1 0-3.744l8.353-8.353.156-.142c.424-.362.952-.58 1.507-.625l.21-.008Zm0 2a.646.646 0 0 0-.38.123l-.093.08-8.34 8.34a.646.646 0 0 0-.18.355L3 12c0 .171.068.336.19.457l8.353 8.354a.646.646 0 0 0 .914 0l8.354-8.354a.646.646 0 0 0-.001-.914l-8.351-8.354A.646.646 0 0 0 12.002 3ZM12 14.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 .144 2.993L12 17.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 0-3ZM12 6a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v5a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V7a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-error-filled-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12.002 1c.702 0 1.375.279 1.871.775l8.35 8.353a2.646 2.646 0 0 1 .001 3.744l-8.353 8.353a2.646 2.646 0 0 1-3.742 0l-8.353-8.353a2.646 2.646 0 0 1 0-3.744l8.353-8.353.156-.142c.424-.362.952-.58 1.507-.625l.21-.008ZM12 14.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3l.144-.007A1.5 1.5 0 0 0 12 14.5ZM12 6a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v5a1 1 0 0 0 2 0V7a1 1 0 0 0-1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-external-link-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9 2a1 1 0 1 1 0 2H4.6c-.371 0-.6.209-.6.5v15c0 .291.229.5.6.5h14.8c.371 0 .6-.209.6-.5V15a1 1 0 0 1 2 0v4.5c0 1.438-1.162 2.5-2.6 2.5H4.6C3.162 22 2 20.938 2 19.5v-15C2 3.062 3.162 2 4.6 2H9Zm6 0h6l.075.003.126.017.111.03.111.044.098.052.096.067.09.08c.036.035.068.073.097.112l.071.11.054.114.035.105.03.148L22 3v6a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V5.414l-6.693 6.693a1 1 0 0 1-1.414-1.414L18.584 4H15a1 1 0 0 1-.993-.883L14 3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-external-link-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M5 1a1 1 0 1 1 0 2l-2-.001V13L13 13v-2a1 1 0 0 1 2 0v2c0 1.15-.93 2-2.067 2H3.067C1.93 15 1 14.15 1 13V3c0-1.15.93-2 2.067-2H5Zm4 0h5l.075.003.126.017.111.03.111.044.098.052.096.067.09.08.044.047.073.093.051.083.054.113.035.105.03.148L15 2v5a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V4.414L9.107 8.307a1 1 0 0 1-1.414-1.414L11.584 3H9a1 1 0 0 1-.993-.883L8 2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-file-download-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M14.5 1a1 1 0 0 1 .707.293l5.5 5.5A1 1 0 0 1 21 7.5v12.962A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 18.455 23H5.545A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 3 20.462V3.538A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 5.545 1H14.5Zm-.415 2h-8.54A.542.542 0 0 0 5 3.538v16.924c0 .296.243.538.545.538h12.91a.542.542 0 0 0 .545-.538V7.915L14.085 3ZM12 7a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v6.585l2.293-2.292a1 1 0 0 1 1.32-.083l.094.083a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.414l-4 4a1.008 1.008 0 0 1-.112.097l-.11.071-.114.054-.105.035-.149.03L12 18l-.075-.003-.126-.017-.111-.03-.111-.044-.098-.052-.096-.067-.09-.08-4-4a1 1 0 0 1 1.414-1.414L11 14.585V8a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-file-report-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M14.5 1a1 1 0 0 1 .707.293l5.5 5.5A1 1 0 0 1 21 7.5v12.962c0 .674-.269 1.32-.747 1.796a2.549 2.549 0 0 1-1.798.742H5.545c-.674 0-1.32-.267-1.798-.742A2.535 2.535 0 0 1 3 20.462V3.538A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 5.545 1H14.5Zm-.415 2h-8.54A.542.542 0 0 0 5 3.538v16.924c0 .142.057.278.158.379.102.102.242.159.387.159h12.91a.549.549 0 0 0 .387-.16.535.535 0 0 0 .158-.378V7.915L14.085 3ZM16 17a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h8Zm0-3a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h8Zm-4.793-6.207L13 9.585l1.793-1.792a1 1 0 0 1 1.32-.083l.094.083a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.414l-2.5 2.5a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 0L10.5 9.915l-1.793 1.792a1 1 0 0 1-1.32.083l-.094-.083a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414l2.5-2.5a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 0Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-file-text-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M14.5 1a1 1 0 0 1 .707.293l5.5 5.5A1 1 0 0 1 21 7.5v12.962A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 18.455 23H5.545A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 3 20.462V3.538A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 5.545 1H14.5Zm-.415 2h-8.54A.542.542 0 0 0 5 3.538v16.924c0 .296.243.538.545.538h12.91a.542.542 0 0 0 .545-.538V7.915L14.085 3ZM16 15a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h8Zm0-4a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h8Zm-5-4a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h3Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-file-upload-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M14.5 1a1 1 0 0 1 .707.293l5.5 5.5A1 1 0 0 1 21 7.5v12.962A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 18.455 23H5.545A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 3 20.462V3.538A2.542 2.542 0 0 1 5.545 1H14.5Zm-.415 2h-8.54A.542.542 0 0 0 5 3.538v16.924c0 .296.243.538.545.538h12.91a.542.542 0 0 0 .545-.538V7.915L14.085 3Zm-2.233 4.011.058-.007L12 7l.075.003.126.017.111.03.111.044.098.052.104.074.082.073 4 4a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.414l-.094.083a1 1 0 0 1-1.32-.083L13 10.415V17a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-6.585l-2.293 2.292a1 1 0 0 1-1.32.083l-.094-.083a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414l4-4 .112-.097.11-.071.114-.054.105-.035.118-.025Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-filter-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 2a1 1 0 0 1 .82 1.573L15 13.314V18a1 1 0 0 1-.31.724l-.09.076-4 3A1 1 0 0 1 9 21v-7.684L2.18 3.573a1 1 0 0 1 .707-1.567L3 2h18Zm-1.921 2H4.92l5.9 8.427a1 1 0 0 1 .172.45L11 13v6l2-1.5V13a1 1 0 0 1 .117-.469l.064-.104L19.079 4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-funding-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M23 8A7 7 0 1 0 9 8a7 7 0 0 0 14 0ZM9.006 12.225A4.07 4.07 0 0 0 6.12 11.02H2a.979.979 0 1 0 0 1.958h4.12c.558 0 1.094.222 1.489.617l2.207 2.288c.27.27.27.687.012.944a.656.656 0 0 1-.928 0L7.744 15.67a.98.98 0 0 0-1.386 1.384l1.157 1.158c.535.536 1.244.791 1.946.765l.041.002h6.922c.874 0 1.597.748 1.597 1.688 0 .203-.146.354-.309.354H7.755c-.487 0-.96-.178-1.339-.504L2.64 17.259a.979.979 0 0 0-1.28 1.482L5.137 22c.733.631 1.66.979 2.618.979h9.957c1.26 0 2.267-1.043 2.267-2.312 0-2.006-1.584-3.646-3.555-3.646h-4.529a2.617 2.617 0 0 0-.681-2.509l-2.208-2.287ZM16 3a5 5 0 1 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0 0-10Zm.979 3.5a.979.979 0 1 0-1.958 0v3a.979.979 0 1 0 1.958 0v-3Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-hashtag-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1Zm0 2a9 9 0 1 0 0 18 9 9 0 0 0 0-18ZM9.52 18.189a1 1 0 1 1-1.964-.378l.437-2.274H6a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h2.378l.592-3.076H6a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h3.354l.51-2.65a1 1 0 1 1 1.964.378l-.437 2.272h3.04l.51-2.65a1 1 0 1 1 1.964.378l-.438 2.272H18a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-1.917l-.592 3.076H18a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-2.893l-.51 2.652a1 1 0 1 1-1.964-.378l.437-2.274h-3.04l-.51 2.652Zm.895-4.652h3.04l.591-3.076h-3.04l-.591 3.076Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-home-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M5 22a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-8.586l-1.293 1.293a1 1 0 0 1-1.32.083l-.094-.083a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414l10-10a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 0l10 10a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414L20 12.415V21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H5Zm7-17.585-6 5.999V20h5v-4a1 1 0 0 1 2 0v4h5v-9.585l-6-6Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-image-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.615 2A2.385 2.385 0 0 1 22 4.385v15.23A2.385 2.385 0 0 1 19.615 22H4.385A2.385 2.385 0 0 1 2 19.615V4.385A2.385 2.385 0 0 1 4.385 2h15.23Zm0 2H4.385A.385.385 0 0 0 4 4.385v15.23c0 .213.172.385.385.385h1.244l10.228-8.76a1 1 0 0 1 1.254-.037L20 13.392V4.385A.385.385 0 0 0 19.615 4Zm-3.07 9.283L8.703 20h10.912a.385.385 0 0 0 .385-.385v-3.713l-3.455-2.619ZM9.5 6a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 0 7 3.5 3.5 0 0 1 0-7Zm0 2a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0 3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0-3Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-impact-factor-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M16.49 2.672c.74.694.986 1.765.632 2.712l-.04.1-1.549 3.54h1.477a2.496 2.496 0 0 1 2.485 2.34l.005.163c0 .618-.23 1.21-.642 1.675l-7.147 7.961a2.48 2.48 0 0 1-3.554.165 2.512 2.512 0 0 1-.633-2.712l.042-.103L9.108 15H7.46c-1.393 0-2.379-1.11-2.455-2.369L5 12.473c0-.593.142-1.145.628-1.692l7.307-7.944a2.48 2.48 0 0 1 3.555-.165ZM14.43 4.164l-7.33 7.97c-.083.093-.101.214-.101.34 0 .277.19.526.46.526h4.163l.097-.009c.015 0 .03.003.046.009.181.078.264.32.186.5l-2.554 5.817a.512.512 0 0 0 .127.552.48.48 0 0 0 .69-.033l7.155-7.97a.513.513 0 0 0 .13-.34.497.497 0 0 0-.49-.502h-3.988a.355.355 0 0 1-.328-.497l2.555-5.844a.512.512 0 0 0-.127-.552.48.48 0 0 0-.69.033Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-info-circle-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1Zm0 2a9 9 0 1 0 0 18 9 9 0 0 0 0-18Zm0 7a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v5h1.5a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-5a1 1 0 0 1 0-2H11v-4h-.5a1 1 0 0 1-.993-.883L9.5 11a1 1 0 0 1 1-1H12Zm0-4.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 .144 2.993L12 8.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 0-3Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-info-filled-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1Zm0 9h-1.5a1 1 0 0 0-1 1l.007.117A1 1 0 0 0 10.5 12h.5v4H9.5a1 1 0 0 0 0 2h5a1 1 0 0 0 0-2H13v-5a1 1 0 0 0-1-1Zm0-4.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3l.144-.007A1.5 1.5 0 0 0 12 5.5Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-journal-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M18.5 1A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 21 3.5v14a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-2.5 2.5h-13a.5.5 0 1 0 0 1H20a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H5.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 3 20.5v-17A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 5.5 1h13ZM7 3H5.5a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5v14.549l.016-.002c.104-.02.211-.035.32-.042L5.5 18H7V3Zm11.5 0H9v15h9.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5v-14a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5ZM16 5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v4a1 1 0 0 1-1 1h-5a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V6a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h5Zm-1 2h-3v2h3V7Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-mail-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20.462 3C21.875 3 23 4.184 23 5.619v12.762C23 19.816 21.875 21 20.462 21H3.538C2.125 21 1 19.816 1 18.381V5.619C1 4.184 2.125 3 3.538 3h16.924ZM21 8.158l-7.378 6.258a2.549 2.549 0 0 1-3.253-.008L3 8.16v10.222c0 .353.253.619.538.619h16.924c.285 0 .538-.266.538-.619V8.158ZM20.462 5H3.538c-.264 0-.5.228-.534.542l8.65 7.334c.2.165.492.165.684.007l8.656-7.342-.001-.025c-.044-.3-.274-.516-.531-.516Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-mail-send-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20.444 5a2.562 2.562 0 0 1 2.548 2.37l.007.078.001.123v7.858A2.564 2.564 0 0 1 20.444 18H9.556A2.564 2.564 0 0 1 7 15.429l.001-7.977.007-.082A2.561 2.561 0 0 1 9.556 5h10.888ZM21 9.331l-5.46 3.51a1 1 0 0 1-1.08 0L9 9.332v6.097c0 .317.251.571.556.571h10.888a.564.564 0 0 0 .556-.571V9.33ZM20.444 7H9.556a.543.543 0 0 0-.32.105l5.763 3.706 5.766-3.706a.543.543 0 0 0-.32-.105ZM4.308 5a1 1 0 1 1 0 2H2a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h2.308Zm0 5.5a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H2a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h2.308Zm0 5.5a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H2a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h2.308Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-mentions-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m9.452 1.293 5.92 5.92 2.92-2.92a1 1 0 0 1 1.415 1.414l-2.92 2.92 5.92 5.92a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.415 10.371 10.371 0 0 1-10.378 2.584l.652 3.258A1 1 0 0 1 12 23H2a1 1 0 0 1-.874-1.486l4.789-8.62C4.194 9.074 4.9 4.43 8.038 1.292a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 0Zm-2.355 13.59L3.699 21h7.081l-.689-3.442a10.392 10.392 0 0 1-2.775-2.396l-.22-.28Zm1.69-11.427-.07.09a8.374 8.374 0 0 0 11.737 11.737l.089-.071L8.787 3.456Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-menu-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 4a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H3a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h18Zm-4 7a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H3a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h14Zm4 7a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H3a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h18Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-metrics-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 22a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h6a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v7h4V8a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h6a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v13a1 1 0 0 1-.883.993L21 22H3Zm17-2V9h-4v11h4Zm-6-8h-4v8h4v-8ZM8 4H4v16h4V4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-news-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17.384 3c.975 0 1.77.787 1.77 1.762v13.333c0 .462.354.846.815.899l.107.006.109-.006a.915.915 0 0 0 .809-.794l.006-.105V8.19a1 1 0 0 1 2 0v9.905A2.914 2.914 0 0 1 20.077 21H3.538a2.547 2.547 0 0 1-1.644-.601l-.147-.135A2.516 2.516 0 0 1 1 18.476V4.762C1 3.787 1.794 3 2.77 3h14.614Zm-.231 2H3v13.476c0 .11.035.216.1.304l.054.063c.101.1.24.157.384.157l13.761-.001-.026-.078a2.88 2.88 0 0 1-.115-.655l-.004-.17L17.153 5ZM14 15.021a.979.979 0 1 1 0 1.958H6a.979.979 0 1 1 0-1.958h8Zm0-8c.54 0 .979.438.979.979v4c0 .54-.438.979-.979.979H6A.979.979 0 0 1 5.021 12V8c0-.54.438-.979.979-.979h8Zm-.98 1.958H6.979v2.041h6.041V8.979Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-newsletter-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 10a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v9.5a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-2.5 2.5h-15A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 2 20.5V11a1 1 0 0 1 2 0v.439l8 4.888 8-4.889V11a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-1 3.783-7.479 4.57a1 1 0 0 1-1.042 0l-7.48-4.57V20.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .501.5h15a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5v-6.717ZM15 9a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H9a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h6Zm2.5-8A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 20 3.5V9a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V3.5a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5h-11a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5V9a1 1 0 1 1-2 0V3.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 6.5 1h11ZM15 5a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H9a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h6Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-notifcation-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M14 20a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-4a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h4ZM3 18l-.133-.007c-1.156-.124-1.156-1.862 0-1.986l.3-.012C4.32 15.923 5 15.107 5 14V9.5C5 5.368 8.014 2 12 2s7 3.368 7 7.5V14c0 1.107.68 1.923 1.832 1.995l.301.012c1.156.124 1.156 1.862 0 1.986L21 18H3Zm9-14C9.17 4 7 6.426 7 9.5V14c0 .671-.146 1.303-.416 1.858L6.51 16h10.979l-.073-.142a4.192 4.192 0 0 1-.412-1.658L17 14V9.5C17 6.426 14.83 4 12 4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-publish-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M16.296 1.291A1 1 0 0 0 15.591 1H5.545A2.542 2.542 0 0 0 3 3.538V13a1 1 0 1 0 2 0V3.538l.007-.087A.543.543 0 0 1 5.545 3h9.633L20 7.8v12.662a.534.534 0 0 1-.158.379.548.548 0 0 1-.387.159H11a1 1 0 1 0 0 2h8.455c.674 0 1.32-.267 1.798-.742A2.534 2.534 0 0 0 22 20.462V7.385a1 1 0 0 0-.294-.709l-5.41-5.385Z"/><path d="M10.762 16.647a1 1 0 0 0-1.525-1.294l-4.472 5.271-2.153-1.665a1 1 0 1 0-1.224 1.582l2.91 2.25a1 1 0 0 0 1.374-.144l5.09-6ZM16 10a1 1 0 1 1 0 2H8a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h8ZM12 7a1 1 0 0 0-1-1H8a1 1 0 1 0 0 2h3a1 1 0 0 0 1-1Z"/></g></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-refresh-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M7.831 5.636H6.032A8.76 8.76 0 0 1 9 3.631 8.549 8.549 0 0 1 12.232 3c.603 0 1.192.063 1.76.182C17.979 4.017 21 7.632 21 12a1 1 0 1 0 2 0c0-5.296-3.674-9.746-8.591-10.776A10.61 10.61 0 0 0 5 3.851V2.805a1 1 0 0 0-.987-1H4a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v3.831a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h3.831a1 1 0 0 0 .013-2h-.013ZM17.968 18.364c-1.59 1.632-3.784 2.636-6.2 2.636C6.948 21 3 16.993 3 12a1 1 0 1 0-2 0c0 6.053 4.799 11 10.768 11 2.788 0 5.324-1.082 7.232-2.85v1.045a1 1 0 1 0 2 0v-3.831a1 1 0 0 0-1-1h-3.831a1 1 0 0 0 0 2h1.799Z"/></g></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-search-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M11 1c5.523 0 10 4.477 10 10 0 2.4-.846 4.604-2.256 6.328l3.963 3.965a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414l-3.965-3.963A9.959 9.959 0 0 1 11 21C5.477 21 1 16.523 1 11S5.477 1 11 1Zm0 2a8 8 0 1 0 0 16 8 8 0 0 0 0-16Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-settings-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M11.382 1h1.24a2.508 2.508 0 0 1 2.334 1.63l.523 1.378 1.59.933 1.444-.224c.954-.132 1.89.3 2.422 1.101l.095.155.598 1.066a2.56 2.56 0 0 1-.195 2.848l-.894 1.161v1.896l.92 1.163c.6.768.707 1.812.295 2.674l-.09.17-.606 1.08a2.504 2.504 0 0 1-2.531 1.25l-1.428-.223-1.589.932-.523 1.378a2.512 2.512 0 0 1-2.155 1.625L12.65 23h-1.27a2.508 2.508 0 0 1-2.334-1.63l-.524-1.379-1.59-.933-1.443.225c-.954.132-1.89-.3-2.422-1.101l-.095-.155-.598-1.066a2.56 2.56 0 0 1 .195-2.847l.891-1.161v-1.898l-.919-1.162a2.562 2.562 0 0 1-.295-2.674l.09-.17.606-1.08a2.504 2.504 0 0 1 2.531-1.25l1.43.223 1.618-.938.524-1.375.07-.167A2.507 2.507 0 0 1 11.382 1Zm.003 2a.509.509 0 0 0-.47.338l-.65 1.71a1 1 0 0 1-.434.51L7.6 6.85a1 1 0 0 1-.655.123l-1.762-.275a.497.497 0 0 0-.498.252l-.61 1.088a.562.562 0 0 0 .04.619l1.13 1.43a1 1 0 0 1 .216.62v2.585a1 1 0 0 1-.207.61L4.15 15.339a.568.568 0 0 0-.036.634l.601 1.072a.494.494 0 0 0 .484.26l1.78-.278a1 1 0 0 1 .66.126l2.2 1.292a1 1 0 0 1 .43.507l.648 1.71a.508.508 0 0 0 .467.338h1.263a.51.51 0 0 0 .47-.34l.65-1.708a1 1 0 0 1 .428-.507l2.201-1.292a1 1 0 0 1 .66-.126l1.763.275a.497.497 0 0 0 .498-.252l.61-1.088a.562.562 0 0 0-.04-.619l-1.13-1.43a1 1 0 0 1-.216-.62v-2.585a1 1 0 0 1 .207-.61l1.105-1.437a.568.568 0 0 0 .037-.634l-.601-1.072a.494.494 0 0 0-.484-.26l-1.78.278a1 1 0 0 1-.66-.126l-2.2-1.292a1 1 0 0 1-.43-.507l-.649-1.71A.508.508 0 0 0 12.62 3h-1.234ZM12 8a4 4 0 1 1 0 8 4 4 0 0 1 0-8Zm0 2a2 2 0 1 0 0 4 2 2 0 0 0 0-4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-shipping-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M16.515 2c1.406 0 2.706.728 3.352 1.902l2.02 3.635.02.042.036.089.031.105.012.058.01.073.004.075v11.577c0 .64-.244 1.255-.683 1.713a2.356 2.356 0 0 1-1.701.731H4.386a2.356 2.356 0 0 1-1.702-.731 2.476 2.476 0 0 1-.683-1.713V7.948c.01-.217.083-.43.22-.6L4.2 3.905C4.833 2.755 6.089 2.032 7.486 2h9.029ZM20 9H4v10.556a.49.49 0 0 0 .075.26l.053.07a.356.356 0 0 0 .257.114h15.23c.094 0 .186-.04.258-.115a.477.477 0 0 0 .127-.33V9Zm-2 7.5a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-4a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h4ZM16.514 4H13v3h6.3l-1.183-2.13c-.288-.522-.908-.87-1.603-.87ZM11 3.999H7.51c-.679.017-1.277.36-1.566.887L4.728 7H11V3.999Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-step-guide-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M11.394 9.447a1 1 0 1 0-1.788-.894l-.88 1.759-.019-.02a1 1 0 1 0-1.414 1.415l1 1a1 1 0 0 0 1.601-.26l1.5-3ZM12 11a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h3a1 1 0 1 1 0 2h-3a1 1 0 0 1-1-1ZM12 17a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h3a1 1 0 1 1 0 2h-3a1 1 0 0 1-1-1ZM10.947 14.105a1 1 0 0 1 .447 1.342l-1.5 3a1 1 0 0 1-1.601.26l-1-1a1 1 0 1 1 1.414-1.414l.02.019.879-1.76a1 1 0 0 1 1.341-.447Z"/><path d="M5.545 1A2.542 2.542 0 0 0 3 3.538v16.924A2.542 2.542 0 0 0 5.545 23h12.91A2.542 2.542 0 0 0 21 20.462V7.5a1 1 0 0 0-.293-.707l-5.5-5.5A1 1 0 0 0 14.5 1H5.545ZM5 3.538C5 3.245 5.24 3 5.545 3h8.54L19 7.914v12.547c0 .294-.24.539-.546.539H5.545A.542.542 0 0 1 5 20.462V3.538Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-submission-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M5 3.538C5 3.245 5.24 3 5.545 3h9.633L20 7.8v12.662a.535.535 0 0 1-.158.379.549.549 0 0 1-.387.159H6a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-2.5a1 1 0 1 0-2 0V20a3 3 0 0 0 3 3h13.455c.673 0 1.32-.266 1.798-.742A2.535 2.535 0 0 0 22 20.462V7.385a1 1 0 0 0-.294-.709l-5.41-5.385A1 1 0 0 0 15.591 1H5.545A2.542 2.542 0 0 0 3 3.538V7a1 1 0 0 0 2 0V3.538Z"/><path d="m13.707 13.707-4 4a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 0l-.083-.094a1 1 0 0 1 .083-1.32L10.585 14 2 14a1 1 0 1 1 0-2l8.583.001-2.29-2.294a1 1 0 0 1 1.414-1.414l4.037 4.04.043.05.043.06.059.098.03.063.031.085.03.113.017.122L14 13l-.004.087-.017.118-.013.056-.034.104-.049.105-.048.081-.07.093-.058.063Z"/></g></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-table-1-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M4.385 22a2.56 2.56 0 0 1-1.14-.279C2.485 21.341 2 20.614 2 19.615V4.385c0-.315.067-.716.279-1.14C2.659 2.485 3.386 2 4.385 2h15.23c.315 0 .716.067 1.14.279.76.38 1.245 1.107 1.245 2.106v15.23c0 .315-.067.716-.279 1.14-.38.76-1.107 1.245-2.106 1.245H4.385ZM4 19.615c0 .213.034.265.14.317a.71.71 0 0 0 .245.068H8v-4H4v3.615ZM20 16H10v4h9.615c.213 0 .265-.034.317-.14a.71.71 0 0 0 .068-.245V16Zm0-2v-4H10v4h10ZM4 14h4v-4H4v4ZM19.615 4H10v4h10V4.385c0-.213-.034-.265-.14-.317A.71.71 0 0 0 19.615 4ZM8 4H4.385l-.082.002c-.146.01-.19.047-.235.138A.71.71 0 0 0 4 4.385V8h4V4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-table-2-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M4.384 22A2.384 2.384 0 0 1 2 19.616V4.384A2.384 2.384 0 0 1 4.384 2h15.232A2.384 2.384 0 0 1 22 4.384v15.232A2.384 2.384 0 0 1 19.616 22H4.384ZM10 15H4v4.616c0 .212.172.384.384.384H10v-5Zm5 0h-3v5h3v-5Zm5 0h-3v5h2.616a.384.384 0 0 0 .384-.384V15ZM10 9H4v4h6V9Zm5 0h-3v4h3V9Zm5 0h-3v4h3V9Zm-.384-5H4.384A.384.384 0 0 0 4 4.384V7h16V4.384A.384.384 0 0 0 19.616 4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-tag-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m12.621 1.998.127.004L20.496 2a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 1.497 1.355L22 3.5l-.005 7.669c.038.456-.133.905-.447 1.206l-9.02 9.018a2.075 2.075 0 0 1-2.932 0l-6.99-6.99a2.075 2.075 0 0 1 .001-2.933L11.61 2.47c.246-.258.573-.418.881-.46l.131-.011Zm.286 2-8.885 8.886a.075.075 0 0 0 0 .106l6.987 6.988c.03.03.077.03.106 0l8.883-8.883L19.999 4l-7.092-.002ZM16 6.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 .144 2.993L16 9.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 0-3Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-trash-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c2.717 0 4.913 2.232 4.997 5H21a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-1v12.5c0 1.389-1.152 2.5-2.556 2.5H6.556C5.152 23 4 21.889 4 20.5V8H3a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h4.003l.001-.051C7.114 3.205 9.3 1 12 1Zm6 7H6v12.5c0 .238.19.448.454.492l.102.008h10.888c.315 0 .556-.232.556-.5V8Zm-4 3a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v6.005a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V12a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-4 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v6a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-6a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm2-8c-1.595 0-2.914 1.32-2.996 3h5.991v-.02C14.903 4.31 13.589 3 12 3Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-account-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1Zm0 16c-1.806 0-3.52.994-4.664 2.698A8.947 8.947 0 0 0 12 21a8.958 8.958 0 0 0 4.664-1.301C15.52 17.994 13.806 17 12 17Zm0-14a9 9 0 0 0-6.25 15.476C7.253 16.304 9.54 15 12 15s4.747 1.304 6.25 3.475A9 9 0 0 0 12 3Zm0 3a4 4 0 1 1 0 8 4 4 0 0 1 0-8Zm0 2a2 2 0 1 0 0 4 2 2 0 0 0 0-4Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-add-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10A5 5 0 0 1 9 1Zm0 2a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6Zm9 10a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v3h3a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-3v3a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-3h-3a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h3v-3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-5.545-.15a1 1 0 1 1-.91 1.78 5.713 5.713 0 0 0-5.705.282c-1.67 1.068-2.728 2.927-2.832 4.956L3.004 20 11.5 20a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L12.5 21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.876c.028-2.812 1.446-5.416 3.763-6.897a7.713 7.713 0 0 1 7.692-.378Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-assign-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M16.226 13.298a1 1 0 0 1 1.414-.01l.084.093a1 1 0 0 1-.073 1.32L15.39 17H22a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-6.611l2.262 2.298a1 1 0 0 1-1.425 1.404l-3.939-4a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.404l3.94-4Zm-3.771-.449a1 1 0 1 1-.91 1.781 5.713 5.713 0 0 0-5.705.282c-1.67 1.068-2.728 2.927-2.832 4.956L3.004 20 10.5 20a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L11.5 21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.876c.028-2.812 1.446-5.416 3.763-6.897a7.713 7.713 0 0 1 7.692-.378ZM9 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10A5 5 0 0 1 9 1Zm0 2a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-block-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10A5 5 0 0 1 9 1Zm0 2a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6Zm9 10a5 5 0 1 1 0 10 5 5 0 0 1 0-10Zm-5.545-.15a1 1 0 1 1-.91 1.78 5.713 5.713 0 0 0-5.705.282c-1.67 1.068-2.728 2.927-2.832 4.956L3.004 20 11.5 20a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L12.5 21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.876c.028-2.812 1.446-5.416 3.763-6.897a7.713 7.713 0 0 1 7.692-.378ZM15 18a3 3 0 0 0 4.294 2.707l-4.001-4c-.188.391-.293.83-.293 1.293Zm3-3c-.463 0-.902.105-1.294.293l4.001 4A3 3 0 0 0 18 15Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-check-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10A5 5 0 0 1 9 1Zm0 2a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6Zm13.647 12.237a1 1 0 0 1 .116 1.41l-5.091 6a1 1 0 0 1-1.375.144l-2.909-2.25a1 1 0 1 1 1.224-1.582l2.153 1.665 4.472-5.271a1 1 0 0 1 1.41-.116Zm-8.139-.977c.22.214.428.44.622.678a1 1 0 1 1-1.548 1.266 6.025 6.025 0 0 0-1.795-1.49.86.86 0 0 1-.163-.048l-.079-.036a5.721 5.721 0 0 0-2.62-.63l-.194.006c-2.76.134-5.022 2.177-5.592 4.864l-.035.175-.035.213c-.03.201-.05.405-.06.61L3.003 20 10 20a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L11 21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.876l.005-.223.02-.356.02-.222.03-.248.022-.15c.02-.133.044-.265.071-.397.44-2.178 1.725-4.105 3.595-5.301a7.75 7.75 0 0 1 3.755-1.215l.12-.004a7.908 7.908 0 0 1 5.87 2.252Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-delete-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10A5 5 0 0 1 9 1Zm0 2a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6ZM4.763 13.227a7.713 7.713 0 0 1 7.692-.378 1 1 0 1 1-.91 1.781 5.713 5.713 0 0 0-5.705.282c-1.67 1.068-2.728 2.927-2.832 4.956L3.004 20H11.5a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L12.5 21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.876c.028-2.812 1.446-5.416 3.763-6.897Zm11.421 1.543 2.554 2.553 2.555-2.553a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 1.414l-2.554 2.554 2.554 2.555a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414l-2.555-2.554-2.554 2.554a1 1 0 0 1-1.414-1.414l2.553-2.555-2.553-2.554a1 1 0 0 1 1.414-1.414Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-edit-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m19.876 10.77 2.831 2.83a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.415l-7.246 7.246a1 1 0 0 1-.572.284l-3.277.446a1 1 0 0 1-1.125-1.13l.461-3.277a1 1 0 0 1 .283-.567l7.23-7.246a1 1 0 0 1 1.415-.001Zm-7.421 2.08a1 1 0 1 1-.91 1.78 5.713 5.713 0 0 0-5.705.282c-1.67 1.068-2.728 2.927-2.832 4.956L3.004 20 7.5 20a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L8.5 21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.876c.028-2.812 1.446-5.416 3.763-6.897a7.713 7.713 0 0 1 7.692-.378Zm6.715.042-6.29 6.3-.23 1.639 1.633-.222 6.302-6.302-1.415-1.415ZM9 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10A5 5 0 0 1 9 1Zm0 2a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-linked-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M15.65 6c.31 0 .706.066 1.122.274C17.522 6.65 18 7.366 18 8.35v12.3c0 .31-.066.706-.274 1.122-.375.75-1.092 1.228-2.076 1.228H3.35a2.52 2.52 0 0 1-1.122-.274C1.478 22.35 1 21.634 1 20.65V8.35c0-.31.066-.706.274-1.122C1.65 6.478 2.366 6 3.35 6h12.3Zm0 2-12.376.002c-.134.007-.17.04-.21.12A.672.672 0 0 0 3 8.35v12.3c0 .198.028.24.122.287.09.044.2.063.228.063h.887c.788-2.269 2.814-3.5 5.263-3.5 2.45 0 4.475 1.231 5.263 3.5h.887c.198 0 .24-.028.287-.122.044-.09.063-.2.063-.228V8.35c0-.198-.028-.24-.122-.287A.672.672 0 0 0 15.65 8ZM9.5 19.5c-1.36 0-2.447.51-3.06 1.5h6.12c-.613-.99-1.7-1.5-3.06-1.5ZM20.65 1A2.35 2.35 0 0 1 23 3.348V15.65A2.35 2.35 0 0 1 20.65 18H20a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h.65a.35.35 0 0 0 .35-.35V3.348A.35.35 0 0 0 20.65 3H8.35a.35.35 0 0 0-.35.348V4a1 1 0 1 1-2 0v-.652A2.35 2.35 0 0 1 8.35 1h12.3ZM9.5 10a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 0 7 3.5 3.5 0 0 1 0-7Zm0 2a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0 3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0-3Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-multiple-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10A5 5 0 0 1 9 1Zm6 0a5 5 0 0 1 0 10 1 1 0 0 1-.117-1.993L15 9a3 3 0 0 0 0-6 1 1 0 0 1 0-2ZM9 3a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6Zm8.857 9.545a7.99 7.99 0 0 1 2.651 1.715A8.31 8.31 0 0 1 23 20.134V21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1h-3a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h1.995l-.005-.153a6.307 6.307 0 0 0-1.673-3.945l-.204-.209a5.99 5.99 0 0 0-1.988-1.287 1 1 0 1 1 .732-1.861Zm-3.349 1.715A8.31 8.31 0 0 1 17 20.134V21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.877c.044-4.343 3.387-7.908 7.638-8.115a7.908 7.908 0 0 1 5.87 2.252ZM9.016 14l-.285.006c-3.104.15-5.58 2.718-5.725 5.9L3.004 20h11.991l-.005-.153a6.307 6.307 0 0 0-1.673-3.945l-.204-.209A5.924 5.924 0 0 0 9.3 14.008L9.016 14Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-notify-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10A5 5 0 0 1 9 1Zm0 2a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6Zm10 18v1a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-1h-3a1 1 0 0 1 0-2v-2.818C14 13.885 15.777 12 18 12s4 1.885 4 4.182V19a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-3Zm-6.545-8.15a1 1 0 1 1-.91 1.78 5.713 5.713 0 0 0-5.705.282c-1.67 1.068-2.728 2.927-2.832 4.956L3.004 20 11.5 20a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L12.5 21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.876c.028-2.812 1.446-5.416 3.763-6.897a7.713 7.713 0 0 1 7.692-.378ZM18 14c-1.091 0-2 .964-2 2.182V19h4v-2.818c0-1.165-.832-2.098-1.859-2.177L18 14Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-remove-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10A5 5 0 0 1 9 1Zm0 2a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6Zm3.455 9.85a1 1 0 1 1-.91 1.78 5.713 5.713 0 0 0-5.705.282c-1.67 1.068-2.728 2.927-2.832 4.956L3.004 20 11.5 20a1 1 0 0 1 .993.883L12.5 21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.876c.028-2.812 1.446-5.416 3.763-6.897a7.713 7.713 0 0 1 7.692-.378ZM22 17a1 1 0 0 1 0 2h-8a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h8Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-single-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10 5 5 0 0 1 0-10Zm0 2a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6Zm-.406 9.008a8.965 8.965 0 0 1 6.596 2.494A9.161 9.161 0 0 1 21 21.025V22a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H4a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.985c.05-4.825 3.815-8.777 8.594-9.007Zm.39 1.992-.299.006c-3.63.175-6.518 3.127-6.678 6.775L5 21h13.998l-.009-.268a7.157 7.157 0 0 0-1.97-4.573l-.214-.213A6.967 6.967 0 0 0 11.984 14Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-warning-circle-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1Zm0 2a9 9 0 1 0 0 18 9 9 0 0 0 0-18Zm0 11.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 .144 2.993L12 17.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 0-3ZM12 6a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v5a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V7a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-warning-filled-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1Zm0 13.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3l.144-.007A1.5 1.5 0 0 0 12 14.5ZM12 6a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v5a1 1 0 0 0 2 0V7a1 1 0 0 0-1-1Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-chevron-left-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M15.7194 3.3054C15.3358 2.90809 14.7027 2.89699 14.3054 3.28061L6.54342 10.7757C6.19804 11.09 6 11.5335 6 12C6 12.4665 6.19804 12.91 6.5218 13.204L14.3054 20.7194C14.7027 21.103 15.3358 21.0919 15.7194 20.6946C16.103 20.2973 16.0919 19.6642 15.6946 19.2806L8.155 12L15.6946 4.71939C16.0614 4.36528 16.099 3.79863 15.8009 3.40105L15.7194 3.3054Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-chevron-right-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M8.28061 3.3054C8.66423 2.90809 9.29729 2.89699 9.6946 3.28061L17.4566 10.7757C17.802 11.09 18 11.5335 18 12C18 12.4665 17.802 12.91 17.4782 13.204L9.6946 20.7194C9.29729 21.103 8.66423 21.0919 8.28061 20.6946C7.89699 20.2973 7.90809 19.6642 8.3054 19.2806L15.845 12L8.3054 4.71939C7.93865 4.36528 7.90098 3.79863 8.19908 3.40105L8.28061 3.3054Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-alerts" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28 12.667c.736 0 1.333.597 1.333 1.333v13.333A3.333 3.333 0 0 1 26 30.667H6a3.333 3.333 0 0 1-3.333-3.334V14a1.333 1.333 0 1 1 2.666 0v1.252L16 21.769l10.667-6.518V14c0-.736.597-1.333 1.333-1.333Zm-1.333 5.71-9.972 6.094c-.427.26-.963.26-1.39 0l-9.972-6.094v8.956c0 .368.299.667.667.667h20a.667.667 0 0 0 .667-.667v-8.956ZM19.333 12a1.333 1.333 0 1 1 0 2.667h-6.666a1.333 1.333 0 1 1 0-2.667h6.666Zm4-10.667a3.333 3.333 0 0 1 3.334 3.334v6.666a1.333 1.333 0 1 1-2.667 0V4.667A.667.667 0 0 0 23.333 4H8.667A.667.667 0 0 0 8 4.667v6.666a1.333 1.333 0 1 1-2.667 0V4.667a3.333 3.333 0 0 1 3.334-3.334h14.666Zm-4 5.334a1.333 1.333 0 0 1 0 2.666h-6.666a1.333 1.333 0 1 1 0-2.666h6.666Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-arrow-up" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="m13.002 7.408 4.88 4.88a.99.99 0 0 0 1.32.08l.09-.08c.39-.39.39-1.03 0-1.42l-6.58-6.58a1.01 1.01 0 0 0-1.42 0l-6.58 6.58a1 1 0 0 0-.09 1.32l.08.1a1 1 0 0 0 1.42-.01l4.88-4.87v11.59a.99.99 0 0 0 .88.99l.12.01c.55 0 1-.45 1-1V7.408z" class="layer"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-checklist" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M19.2 1.333a3.468 3.468 0 0 1 3.381 2.699L24.667 4C26.515 4 28 5.52 28 7.38v19.906c0 1.86-1.485 3.38-3.333 3.38H7.333c-1.848 0-3.333-1.52-3.333-3.38V7.38C4 5.52 5.485 4 7.333 4h2.093A3.468 3.468 0 0 1 12.8 1.333h6.4ZM9.426 6.667H7.333c-.36 0-.666.312-.666.713v19.906c0 .401.305.714.666.714h17.334c.36 0 .666-.313.666-.714V7.38c0-.4-.305-.713-.646-.714l-2.121.033A3.468 3.468 0 0 1 19.2 9.333h-6.4a3.468 3.468 0 0 1-3.374-2.666Zm12.715 5.606c.586.446.7 1.283.253 1.868l-7.111 9.334a1.333 1.333 0 0 1-1.792.306l-3.556-2.333a1.333 1.333 0 1 1 1.463-2.23l2.517 1.651 6.358-8.344a1.333 1.333 0 0 1 1.868-.252ZM19.2 4h-6.4a.8.8 0 0 0-.8.8v1.067a.8.8 0 0 0 .8.8h6.4a.8.8 0 0 0 .8-.8V4.8a.8.8 0 0 0-.8-.8Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-citation" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><path d="M23.25 1.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 1.06.44l8.25 8.25a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 .44 1.06v19.5c0 2.105-1.645 3.75-3.75 3.75H18a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 0-3h11.25c.448 0 .75-.302.75-.75V11.873L22.628 4.5H8.31a.811.811 0 0 0-.8.68l-.011.13V16.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1-3 0V5.31A3.81 3.81 0 0 1 8.31 1.5h14.94ZM8.223 20.358a.984.984 0 0 1-.192 1.378l-.048.034c-.54.36-.942.676-1.206.951-.59.614-.885 1.395-.885 2.343.115-.028.288-.042.518-.042.662 0 1.26.237 1.791.711.533.474.799 1.074.799 1.799 0 .753-.259 1.352-.777 1.799-.518.446-1.151.669-1.9.669-1.006 0-1.812-.293-2.417-.878C3.302 28.536 3 27.657 3 26.486c0-1.115.165-2.085.496-2.907.331-.823.734-1.513 1.209-2.071.475-.558.971-.997 1.49-1.318a6.01 6.01 0 0 1 .347-.2 1.321 1.321 0 0 1 1.681.368Zm7.5 0a.984.984 0 0 1-.192 1.378l-.048.034c-.54.36-.942.676-1.206.951-.59.614-.885 1.395-.885 2.343.115-.028.288-.042.518-.042.662 0 1.26.237 1.791.711.533.474.799 1.074.799 1.799 0 .753-.259 1.352-.777 1.799-.518.446-1.151.669-1.9.669-1.006 0-1.812-.293-2.417-.878-.604-.586-.906-1.465-.906-2.636 0-1.115.165-2.085.496-2.907.331-.823.734-1.513 1.209-2.071.475-.558.971-.997 1.49-1.318a6.01 6.01 0 0 1 .347-.2 1.321 1.321 0 0 1 1.681.368Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-access-indicator" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><circle cx="4.5" cy="11.5" r="3.5" style="fill:currentColor"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 3v3a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V2.923C2 1.875 2.84 1 3.909 1h5.909a1 1 0 0 1 .713.298l3.181 3.231a1 1 0 0 1 .288.702v7.846c0 .505-.197.993-.554 1.354a1.902 1.902 0 0 1-1.355.569H10a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h2V5.64L9.4 3H4Z" clip-rule="evenodd" style="fill:#222"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-github-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M 11.964844 0 C 5.347656 0 0 5.269531 0 11.792969 C 0 17.003906 3.425781 21.417969 8.179688 22.976562 C 8.773438 23.09375 8.992188 22.722656 8.992188 22.410156 C 8.992188 22.136719 8.972656 21.203125 8.972656 20.226562 C 5.644531 20.929688 4.953125 18.820312 4.953125 18.820312 C 4.417969 17.453125 3.625 17.101562 3.625 17.101562 C 2.535156 16.378906 3.703125 16.378906 3.703125 16.378906 C 4.914062 16.457031 5.546875 17.589844 5.546875 17.589844 C 6.617188 19.386719 8.339844 18.878906 9.03125 18.566406 C 9.132812 17.804688 9.449219 17.277344 9.785156 16.984375 C 7.132812 16.710938 4.339844 15.695312 4.339844 11.167969 C 4.339844 9.878906 4.8125 8.824219 5.566406 8.003906 C 5.445312 7.710938 5.03125 6.5 5.683594 4.878906 C 5.683594 4.878906 6.695312 4.566406 8.972656 6.089844 C 9.949219 5.832031 10.953125 5.703125 11.964844 5.699219 C 12.972656 5.699219 14.003906 5.835938 14.957031 6.089844 C 17.234375 4.566406 18.242188 4.878906 18.242188 4.878906 C 18.898438 6.5 18.480469 7.710938 18.363281 8.003906 C 19.136719 8.824219 19.589844 9.878906 19.589844 11.167969 C 19.589844 15.695312 16.796875 16.691406 14.125 16.984375 C 14.558594 17.355469 14.933594 18.058594 14.933594 19.171875 C 14.933594 20.753906 14.914062 22.019531 14.914062 22.410156 C 14.914062 22.722656 15.132812 23.09375 15.726562 22.976562 C 20.480469 21.414062 23.910156 17.003906 23.910156 11.792969 C 23.929688 5.269531 18.558594 0 11.964844 0 Z M 11.964844 0 "/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-limited-access" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 3v3a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V2.923C2 1.875 2.84 1 3.909 1h5.909a1 1 0 0 1 .713.298l3.181 3.231a1 1 0 0 1 .288.702V6a1 1 0 1 1-2 0v-.36L9.4 3H4ZM3 8a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1a1 1 0 1 1-2 0V9a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm10 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1a1 1 0 1 1-2 0V9a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-3.5 6a1 1 0 0 1-1 1h-1a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h1a1 1 0 0 1 1 1Zm2.441-1a1 1 0 0 1 2 0c0 .73-.246 1.306-.706 1.664a1.61 1.61 0 0 1-.876.334l-.032.002H11.5a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h.441ZM4 13a1 1 0 0 0-2 0c0 .73.247 1.306.706 1.664a1.609 1.609 0 0 0 .876.334l.032.002H4.5a1 1 0 1 0 0-2H4Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-subjects-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g id="icon-subjects-copy" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M13.3846154,2 C14.7015971,2 15.7692308,3.06762994 15.7692308,4.38461538 L15.7692308,7.15384615 C15.7692308,8.47082629 14.7015955,9.53846154 13.3846154,9.53846154 L13.1038388,9.53925278 C13.2061091,9.85347965 13.3815528,10.1423885 13.6195822,10.3804178 C13.9722182,10.7330539 14.436524,10.9483278 14.9293854,10.9918129 L15.1153846,11 C16.2068332,11 17.2535347,11.433562 18.0254647,12.2054189 C18.6411944,12.8212361 19.0416785,13.6120766 19.1784166,14.4609738 L19.6153846,14.4615385 C20.932386,14.4615385 22,15.5291672 22,16.8461538 L22,19.6153846 C22,20.9323924 20.9323924,22 19.6153846,22 L16.8461538,22 C15.5291672,22 14.4615385,20.932386 14.4615385,19.6153846 L14.4615385,16.8461538 C14.4615385,15.5291737 15.5291737,14.4615385 16.8461538,14.4615385 L17.126925,14.460779 C17.0246537,14.1465537 16.8492179,13.857633 16.6112344,13.6196157 C16.2144418,13.2228606 15.6764136,13 15.1153846,13 C14.0239122,13 12.9771569,12.5664197 12.2053686,11.7946314 C12.1335167,11.7227795 12.0645962,11.6485444 11.9986839,11.5721119 C11.9354038,11.6485444 11.8664833,11.7227795 11.7946314,11.7946314 C11.0228431,12.5664197 9.97608778,13 8.88461538,13 C8.323576,13 7.78552852,13.2228666 7.38881294,13.6195822 C7.15078359,13.8576115 6.97533988,14.1465203 6.8730696,14.4607472 L7.15384615,14.4615385 C8.47082629,14.4615385 9.53846154,15.5291737 9.53846154,16.8461538 L9.53846154,19.6153846 C9.53846154,20.932386 8.47083276,22 7.15384615,22 L4.38461538,22 C3.06762347,22 2,20.9323876 2,19.6153846 L2,16.8461538 C2,15.5291721 3.06762994,14.4615385 4.38461538,14.4615385 L4.8215823,14.4609378 C4.95831893,13.6120029 5.3588057,12.8211623 5.97459937,12.2053686 C6.69125996,11.488708 7.64500941,11.0636656 8.6514968,11.0066017 L8.88461538,11 C9.44565477,11 9.98370225,10.7771334 10.3804178,10.3804178 C10.6184472,10.1423885 10.7938909,9.85347965 10.8961612,9.53925278 L10.6153846,9.53846154 C9.29840448,9.53846154 8.23076923,8.47082629 8.23076923,7.15384615 L8.23076923,4.38461538 C8.23076923,3.06762994 9.29840286,2 10.6153846,2 L13.3846154,2 Z M7.15384615,16.4615385 L4.38461538,16.4615385 C4.17220099,16.4615385 4,16.63374 4,16.8461538 L4,19.6153846 C4,19.8278134 4.17218833,20 4.38461538,20 L7.15384615,20 C7.36626945,20 7.53846154,19.8278103 7.53846154,19.6153846 L7.53846154,16.8461538 C7.53846154,16.6337432 7.36625679,16.4615385 7.15384615,16.4615385 Z M19.6153846,16.4615385 L16.8461538,16.4615385 C16.6337432,16.4615385 16.4615385,16.6337432 16.4615385,16.8461538 L16.4615385,19.6153846 C16.4615385,19.8278103 16.6337306,20 16.8461538,20 L19.6153846,20 C19.8278229,20 20,19.8278229 20,19.6153846 L20,16.8461538 C20,16.6337306 19.8278103,16.4615385 19.6153846,16.4615385 Z M13.3846154,4 L10.6153846,4 C10.4029708,4 10.2307692,4.17220099 10.2307692,4.38461538 L10.2307692,7.15384615 C10.2307692,7.36625679 10.402974,7.53846154 10.6153846,7.53846154 L13.3846154,7.53846154 C13.597026,7.53846154 13.7692308,7.36625679 13.7692308,7.15384615 L13.7692308,4.38461538 C13.7692308,4.17220099 13.5970292,4 13.3846154,4 Z" id="Shape" fill-rule="nonzero"/></g></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-small-arrow-left" viewBox="0 0 16 17"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M14 8.092H2m0 0L8 2M2 8.092l6 6.035"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-small-arrow-right" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><g fill-rule="evenodd" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2"><path d="M2 8.092h12M8 2l6 6.092M8 14.127l6-6.035"/></g></symbol><symbol id="icon-orcid-logo" viewBox="0 0 40 40"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12.281 10.453c.875 0 1.578-.719 1.578-1.578 0-.86-.703-1.578-1.578-1.578-.875 0-1.578.703-1.578 1.578 0 .86.703 1.578 1.578 1.578Zm-1.203 18.641h2.406V12.359h-2.406v16.735Z"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M17.016 12.36h6.5c6.187 0 8.906 4.421 8.906 8.374 0 4.297-3.36 8.375-8.875 8.375h-6.531V12.36Zm6.234 14.578h-3.828V14.53h3.703c4.688 0 6.828 2.844 6.828 6.203 0 2.063-1.25 6.203-6.703 6.203Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></symbol></svg> </div> <a class="c-skip-link" href="#main">Skip to main content</a> <header class="eds-c-header" data-eds-c-header> <div class="eds-c-header__container" data-eds-c-header-expander-anchor> <div class="eds-c-header__brand"> <a href="https://link.springer.com" data-test=springerlink-logo data-track="click_imprint_logo" data-track-context="unified header" data-track-action="click logo link" data-track-category="unified header" data-track-label="link" > <img src="/oscar-static/images/darwin/header/img/logo-springer-nature-link-3149409f62.svg" alt="Springer Nature Link"> </a> </div> <a class="c-header__link eds-c-header__link" id="identity-account-widget" href='https://idp.springer.com/auth/personal/springernature?redirect_uri=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12011-020-02490-4?'><span class="eds-c-header__widget-fragment-title">Log in</span></a> </div> <nav class="eds-c-header__nav" aria-label="header navigation"> <div class="eds-c-header__nav-container"> <div class="eds-c-header__item eds-c-header__item--menu"> <a href="#eds-c-header-nav" class="eds-c-header__link" data-eds-c-header-expander> <svg class="eds-c-header__icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-menu-medium"></use> </svg><span>Menu</span> </a> </div> <div class="eds-c-header__item eds-c-header__item--inline-links"> <a class="eds-c-header__link" href="https://link.springer.com/journals/" data-track="nav_find_a_journal" data-track-context="unified header" data-track-action="click find a journal" data-track-category="unified header" data-track-label="link" > Find a journal </a> <a class="eds-c-header__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/authors" data-track="nav_how_to_publish" data-track-context="unified header" data-track-action="click publish with us link" data-track-category="unified header" data-track-label="link" > Publish with us </a> <a class="eds-c-header__link" href="https://link.springernature.com/home/" data-track="nav_track_your_research" data-track-context="unified header" data-track-action="click track your research" data-track-category="unified header" data-track-label="link" > Track your research </a> </div> <div class="eds-c-header__link-container"> <div class="eds-c-header__item eds-c-header__item--divider"> <a href="#eds-c-header-popup-search" class="eds-c-header__link" data-eds-c-header-expander data-eds-c-header-test-search-btn> <svg class="eds-c-header__icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-search-medium"></use> </svg><span>Search</span> </a> </div> <div id="ecommerce-header-cart-icon-link" class="eds-c-header__item ecommerce-cart" style="display:inline-block"> <a class="eds-c-header__link" href="https://order.springer.com/public/cart" style="appearance:none;border:none;background:none;color:inherit;position:relative"> <svg id="eds-i-cart" class="eds-c-header__icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="24" width="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero" d="M2 1a1 1 0 0 0 0 2l1.659.001 2.257 12.808a2.599 2.599 0 0 0 2.435 2.185l.167.004 9.976-.001a2.613 2.613 0 0 0 2.61-1.748l.03-.106 1.755-7.82.032-.107a2.546 2.546 0 0 0-.311-1.986l-.108-.157a2.604 2.604 0 0 0-2.197-1.076L6.042 5l-.56-3.17a1 1 0 0 0-.864-.82l-.12-.007L2.001 1ZM20.35 6.996a.63.63 0 0 1 .54.26.55.55 0 0 1 .082.505l-.028.1L19.2 15.63l-.022.05c-.094.177-.282.299-.526.317l-10.145.002a.61.61 0 0 1-.618-.515L6.394 6.999l13.955-.003ZM18 19a2 2 0 1 0 0 4 2 2 0 0 0 0-4ZM8 19a2 2 0 1 0 0 4 2 2 0 0 0 0-4Z"></path> </svg><span>Cart</span><span class="cart-info" style="display:none;position:absolute;top:10px;right:45px;background-color:#C65301;color:#fff;width:18px;height:18px;font-size:11px;border-radius:50%;line-height:17.5px;text-align:center"></span></a> <script>(function () { var exports = {}; if (window.fetch) { "use strict"; Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true }); exports.headerWidgetClientInit = void 0; var headerWidgetClientInit = function (getCartInfo) { document.body.addEventListener("updatedCart", function () { updateCartIcon(); }, false); return updateCartIcon(); function updateCartIcon() { return getCartInfo() .then(function (res) { return res.json(); }) .then(refreshCartState) .catch(function (_) { }); } function refreshCartState(json) { var indicator = document.querySelector("#ecommerce-header-cart-icon-link .cart-info"); /* istanbul ignore else */ if (indicator && json.itemCount) { indicator.style.display = 'block'; indicator.textContent = json.itemCount > 9 ? '9+' : json.itemCount.toString(); var moreThanOneItem = json.itemCount > 1; indicator.setAttribute('title', "there ".concat(moreThanOneItem ? "are" : "is", " ").concat(json.itemCount, " item").concat(moreThanOneItem ? "s" : "", " in your cart")); } return json; } }; exports.headerWidgetClientInit = headerWidgetClientInit; headerWidgetClientInit( function () { return window.fetch("https://cart.springer.com/cart-info", { credentials: "include", headers: { Accept: "application/json" } }) } ) }})()</script> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </header> <article lang="en" id="main" class="app-masthead__colour-15"> <section class="app-masthead " aria-label="article masthead"> <div class="app-masthead__container"> <div class="app-article-masthead u-sans-serif js-context-bar-sticky-point-masthead" data-track-component="article" data-test="masthead-component"> <div class="app-article-masthead__info"> <nav aria-label="breadcrumbs" data-test="breadcrumbs"> <ol class="c-breadcrumbs c-breadcrumbs--contrast" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"> <li class="c-breadcrumbs__item" id="breadcrumb0" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <a href="/" class="c-breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="item" data-track="click_breadcrumb" data-track-context="article page" data-track-category="article" data-track-action="breadcrumbs" data-track-label="breadcrumb1"><span itemprop="name">Home</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="1"> <svg class="c-breadcrumbs__chevron" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="10" height="10" viewBox="0 0 10 10"> <path d="m5.96738168 4.70639573 2.39518594-2.41447274c.37913917-.38219212.98637524-.38972225 1.35419292-.01894278.37750606.38054586.37784436.99719163-.00013556 1.37821513l-4.03074001 4.06319683c-.37758093.38062133-.98937525.38100976-1.367372-.00003075l-4.03091981-4.06337806c-.37759778-.38063832-.38381821-.99150444-.01600053-1.3622839.37750607-.38054587.98772445-.38240057 1.37006824.00302197l2.39538588 2.4146743.96295325.98624457z" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="matrix(0 -1 1 0 0 10)"/> </svg> </li> <li class="c-breadcrumbs__item" id="breadcrumb1" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <a href="/journal/12011" class="c-breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="item" data-track="click_breadcrumb" data-track-context="article page" data-track-category="article" data-track-action="breadcrumbs" data-track-label="breadcrumb2"><span itemprop="name">Biological Trace Element Research</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="2"> <svg class="c-breadcrumbs__chevron" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="10" height="10" viewBox="0 0 10 10"> <path d="m5.96738168 4.70639573 2.39518594-2.41447274c.37913917-.38219212.98637524-.38972225 1.35419292-.01894278.37750606.38054586.37784436.99719163-.00013556 1.37821513l-4.03074001 4.06319683c-.37758093.38062133-.98937525.38100976-1.367372-.00003075l-4.03091981-4.06337806c-.37759778-.38063832-.38381821-.99150444-.01600053-1.3622839.37750607-.38054587.98772445-.38240057 1.37006824.00302197l2.39538588 2.4146743.96295325.98624457z" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="matrix(0 -1 1 0 0 10)"/> </svg> </li> <li class="c-breadcrumbs__item" id="breadcrumb2" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <span itemprop="name">Article</span><meta itemprop="position" content="3"> </li> </ol> </nav> <h1 class="c-article-title" data-test="article-title" data-article-title="">Chromium Exposure Causes Structural Aberrations of Erythrocytes, Gills, Liver, Kidney, and Genetic Damage in Striped Catfish <i>Pangasianodon hypophthalmus</i></h1> <ul class="c-article-identifiers"> <li class="c-article-identifiers__item"> Published: <time datetime="2020-11-18">18 November 2020</time> </li> </ul> <ul class="c-article-identifiers c-article-identifiers--cite-list"> <li class="c-article-identifiers__item"> <span data-test="journal-volume">Volume 199</span>, pages 3869–3885, (<span data-test="article-publication-year">2021</span>) </li> <li class="c-article-identifiers__item c-article-identifiers__item--cite"> <a href="#citeas" data-track="click" data-track-action="cite this article" data-track-category="article body" data-track-label="link">Cite this article</a> </li> </ul> <div class="app-article-masthead__buttons" data-test="download-article-link-wrapper" data-track-context="masthead"> </div> </div> <div class="app-article-masthead__brand"> <a href="/journal/12011" class="app-article-masthead__journal-link" data-track="click_journal_home" data-track-action="journal homepage" data-track-context="article page" data-track-label="link"> <picture> <source type="image/webp" media="(min-width: 768px)" width="120" height="159" srcset="https://media.springernature.com/w120/springer-static/cover-hires/journal/12011?as=webp, https://media.springernature.com/w316/springer-static/cover-hires/journal/12011?as=webp 2x"> <img width="72" height="95" src="https://media.springernature.com/w72/springer-static/cover-hires/journal/12011?as=webp" srcset="https://media.springernature.com/w144/springer-static/cover-hires/journal/12011?as=webp 2x" alt=""> </picture> <span class="app-article-masthead__journal-title">Biological Trace Element Research</span> </a> <a href="https://link.springer.com/journal/12011/aims-and-scope" class="app-article-masthead__submission-link" data-track="click_aims_and_scope" data-track-action="aims and scope" data-track-context="article page" data-track-label="link"> Aims and scope <svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use></svg> </a> <a href="https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/12011/3" class="app-article-masthead__submission-link" data-track="click_submit_manuscript" data-track-context="article masthead on springerlink article page" data-track-action="submit manuscript" data-track-label="link"> Submit manuscript <svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use></svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="c-article-main u-container u-mt-24 u-mb-32 l-with-sidebar" id="main-content" data-component="article-container"> <main class="u-serif js-main-column" data-track-component="article body"> <div class="c-article-header"> <header> <ul class="c-article-author-list c-article-author-list--short" data-test="authors-list" data-component-authors-activator="authors-list"><li class="c-article-author-list__item"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Sajida_Akter-Suchana-Aff1" data-author-popup="auth-Sajida_Akter-Suchana-Aff1" data-author-search="Suchana, Sajida Akter">Sajida Akter Suchana</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Md_Shaker-Ahmed-Aff1" data-author-popup="auth-Md_Shaker-Ahmed-Aff1" data-author-search="Ahmed, Md Shaker">Md Shaker Ahmed</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-S__M__Majharul-Islam-Aff1" data-author-popup="auth-S__M__Majharul-Islam-Aff1" data-author-search="Islam, S. M. Majharul">S. M. Majharul Islam</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Muhammad_Lutfar-Rahman-Aff1-Aff2" data-author-popup="auth-Muhammad_Lutfar-Rahman-Aff1-Aff2" data-author-search="Rahman, Muhammad Lutfar">Muhammad Lutfar Rahman</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a>,<a href="#Aff2">2</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Md_Fazle-Rohani-Aff3" data-author-popup="auth-Md_Fazle-Rohani-Aff3" data-author-search="Rohani, Md Fazle">Md Fazle Rohani</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff3">3</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Tanzina-Ferdusi-Aff4" data-author-popup="auth-Tanzina-Ferdusi-Aff4" data-author-search="Ferdusi, Tanzina">Tanzina Ferdusi</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff4">4</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-A__K__Shakur-Ahmmad-Aff4" data-author-popup="auth-A__K__Shakur-Ahmmad-Aff4" data-author-search="Ahmmad, A. K. Shakur">A. K. Shakur Ahmmad</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff4">4</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Mst_Kaniz-Fatema-Aff1" data-author-popup="auth-Mst_Kaniz-Fatema-Aff1" data-author-search="Fatema, Mst Kaniz">Mst Kaniz Fatema</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Muhammad-Badruzzaman-Aff5" data-author-popup="auth-Muhammad-Badruzzaman-Aff5" data-author-search="Badruzzaman, Muhammad">Muhammad Badruzzaman</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff5">5</a></sup> & </li><li class="c-article-author-list__show-more" aria-label="Show all 10 authors for this article" title="Show all 10 authors for this article">…</li><li class="c-article-author-list__item"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Md-Shahjahan-Aff1" data-author-popup="auth-Md-Shahjahan-Aff1" data-author-search="Shahjahan, Md" data-corresp-id="c1">Md Shahjahan<svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-mail-medium"></use></svg></a><span class="u-js-hide"> <a class="js-orcid" href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1097-8849"><span class="u-visually-hidden">ORCID: </span>orcid.org/0000-0003-1097-8849</a></span><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a></sup> </li></ul><button aria-expanded="false" class="c-article-author-list__button"><svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-chevron-down-medium"></use></svg><span>Show authors</span></button> <div data-test="article-metrics"> <ul class="app-article-metrics-bar u-list-reset"> <li class="app-article-metrics-bar__item"> <p class="app-article-metrics-bar__count"><svg class="u-icon app-article-metrics-bar__icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-accesses-medium"></use> </svg>1231 <span class="app-article-metrics-bar__label">Accesses</span></p> </li> <li class="app-article-metrics-bar__item"> <p class="app-article-metrics-bar__count"><svg class="u-icon app-article-metrics-bar__icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-citations-medium"></use> </svg>45 <span class="app-article-metrics-bar__label">Citations</span></p> </li> <li class="app-article-metrics-bar__item"> <p class="app-article-metrics-bar__count"><svg class="u-icon app-article-metrics-bar__icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-altmetric-medium"></use> </svg>1 <span class="app-article-metrics-bar__label">Altmetric</span></p> </li> <li class="app-article-metrics-bar__item app-article-metrics-bar__item--metrics"> <p class="app-article-metrics-bar__details"><a href="/article/10.1007/s12011-020-02490-4/metrics" data-track="click" data-track-action="view metrics" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Explore all metrics <svg class="u-icon app-article-metrics-bar__arrow-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use> </svg></a></p> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="u-mt-32"> </div> </header> </div> <div data-article-body="true" data-track-component="article body" class="c-article-body"> <section aria-labelledby="Abs1" data-title="Abstract" lang="en"><div class="c-article-section" id="Abs1-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="Abs1">Abstract</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="Abs1-content"><p>Heavy metal pollution due to anthropogenic activities poses a great threat to aquatic organisms. The present study was conducted to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of hexavalent chromium (potassium dichromate) on hemato-biochemical, histo-pathological, and genetical changes in striped catfish <i>Pangasianodon hypophthalmus</i>. Three sub-lethal doses (0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 mg/L) of chromium (Cr) were selected and fish were exposed in vivo contrasting with a control (0 mg/L) for 30 days. The study revealed that various hemato-biochemical parameters showed a significant decrease in hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBCs), and blood glucose content, whereas white blood cells (WBCs) significantly increased in Cr exposed fish. Frequencies of all forms of structural abnormalities of erythrocytes (erythrocytic cellular abnormalities; ECA, erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities; ENA and erythroblasts; Ebs) were significantly increased in higher two test concentrations (1.6 and 3.2 mg/L) when compared to control. Differential leucocyte count exhibited significant increase in neutrophil and decrease in lymphocytes in the highest Cr treated group. The severity of various histo-pathological changes in the gills, liver, and kidney were increased considerably with the increase of Cr concentrations. Similarly, the amount of DNA (ng/μl) decreased significantly in blood and tissues of different vital organs where the liver showed the highest decline compared to control in a concentration-dependent manner. Taken altogether, <i>P. hypophthalmus</i> is susceptible to Cr and can be used as a bio-indicator to assess aquatic metal pollution.</p></div></div></section> <div class="c-notes"> <p class="c-notes__text c-status-message--info"> <svg width="24" height="24" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="c-status-message__icon"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-info-filled-medium"></use> </svg> This is a preview of subscription content, <a id="test-login-banner-link" href="//wayf.springernature.com?redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs12011-020-02490-4%3Ferror%3Dcookies_not_supported%26code%3D5a0cc262-05d7-4271-9216-74a8bf03892a" data-track="click" data-track-action="login" data-track-label="link" class="c-preview-message__link">log in via an institution</a> <svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon c-external-link__icon"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-external-link-small"></use> </svg> to check access. </p> </div> <div data-test="access-article" class="app-article-access"> <h2 class="app-article-access__heading">Access this article</h2> <div class="u-ma-16 u-clear-both"> <a href="//wayf.springernature.com?redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs12011-020-02490-4%3Ferror%3Dcookies_not_supported%26code%3D5a0cc262-05d7-4271-9216-74a8bf03892a" class="u-button u-button--full-width u-button--primary u-justify-content-space-between c-pdf-download__link" data-track="click" data-track-action="institution access" data-track-label="button"> <span data-test="access-via-institution">Log in via an institution</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="24" height="24" class="u-icon"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use> </svg> </a> </div> <div data-test="buy-box-mobile" class="c-article-buy-box"> <div class="sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin" id="sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin">  <div class="buying-option" data-test-id="buy-article-darwin"> <div> <div class="c-springer-plus"> <h2 class="springer-plus-heading">Subscribe and save</h2> <div class="springer-plus"> <div class="springer-plus-headline"> <div class="springer-plus-title"> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="16" height="16" class="u-icon"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-check-filled-medium"></use> </svg><span>Springer+ Basic</span> </div> <div class="dd price-amount-springer-plus"> €32.70 /Month </div> </div> <ul class="buying-option-usps"> <li>Get 10 units per month</li> <li>Download Article/Chapter or eBook</li> <li>1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter</li> <li>Cancel anytime</li> </ul><a href="https://link.springer.com/product/springer-plus" id="btn-subscribe-springerPlus" class="u-button u-button--full-width u-button--secondary" data-track="click||click_springer_subscribe" data-track-context="buy box"><span>Subscribe now </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="16" height="16" class="u-icon"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use> </svg></a> </div> <h2 class="springer-plus-heading">Buy Now</h2> </div> <div class="buybox__buy"> <form action="https://order.springer.com/public/cart" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="type" value="article"><input type="hidden" name="doi" value="10.1007/s12011-020-02490-4"><input type="hidden" name="isxn" value="1559-0720"><input type="hidden" name="contenttitle" value="Chromium Exposure Causes Structural Aberrations of Erythrocytes, Gills, Liver, Kidney, and Genetic Damage in Striped Catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus"><input type="hidden" name="copyrightyear" value="2020"><input type="hidden" name="year" value="2020"><input type="hidden" name="authors" value="Sajida Akter Suchana, et al."><input type="hidden" name="title" value="Biological Trace Element Research"><input type="hidden" name="mac" value="5ee664fd1db0fea6714a5a619e14133b"> <div class="u-ma-16"> <button type="submit" class="u-button--small u-button u-button--secondary u-button--full-width" onclick="dataLayer.push({"event":"addToCart","ecommerce":{"currencyCode":"EUR","add":{"products":[{"name":"Chromium Exposure Causes Structural Aberrations of Erythrocytes, Gills, Liver, Kidney, and Genetic Damage in Striped Catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus","id":"1559-0720","price":39.95,"brand":"Springer US","category":"Chemical Biology","variant":"ppv-article","quantity":1}]}}});"><span>Buy article PDF 39,95 €</span></button> </div> </form> <p class="c-notes__text c-notes__vat">Price includes VAT (Hong Kong/P.R.China)<br></p> <p class="c-notes__text c-notes__usp">Instant access to the full article PDF.</p> </div> </div> <script>dataLayer.push({"ecommerce":{"currency":"EUR","impressions":[{"name":"Chromium Exposure Causes Structural Aberrations of Erythrocytes, Gills, Liver, Kidney, and Genetic Damage in Striped Catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus","id":"1559-0720","price":39.95,"brand":"Springer US","category":"Chemical Biology","variant":"ppv-article","quantity":1}]}});</script> <script style="display: none"> ;(function () { if (document.cookie.indexOf("feature-monetise-subscriptions-display-springer-plus") > -1) { document.querySelectorAll(".c-springer-plus").forEach(function(node) { node.style.display = "block" }) } // springerPlus roll out 10% starts here var springerPlusGroup = setLocalStorageSpringerPlus(); var rollOutSpringerPlus = springerPlusGroup === "B" function setLocalStorageSpringerPlus() { var selectUserKey = "springerPlusRollOut"; var springerPlusGroup = "X"; if (!window.localStorage) return springerPlusGroup; try { var selectUserValue = window.localStorage.getItem(selectUserKey) springerPlusGroup = selectUserValue || randomDistributionSpringerPlus(selectUserKey) } catch (err) { console.log(err) } return springerPlusGroup; } function randomDistributionSpringerPlus(selectUserKey) { var randomGroup = Math.random() < 0.9 ? "A" : "B" window.localStorage.setItem(selectUserKey, randomGroup) return randomGroup } if (rollOutSpringerPlus) { revealSpringerPlus(); } function revealSpringerPlus() { var article = document.getElementById("sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin"); if(article) { document.querySelectorAll(".c-springer-plus").forEach(function(node) { node.style.display = "block" }) } } //springerPlus ends here })() </script> <style> .springer-plus .buying-option-usps > li::before { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg viewBox='0 0 100 100' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='%230070A8'%3E%3Ccircle cx='50' cy='50' r='50'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } </style> </div> <article class="buybox__rent-article buybox__access-option u-sans-serif" id="deepdyve" style="display: none" data-test-id="journal-subscription"> <div class="c-box__body"> <div class="buybox__info"> <p>Rent this article via <a class="deepdyve-link" target="deepdyve" rel="nofollow" data-track="click" data-track-action="rent article" data-track-label="rent action, new buybox">DeepDyve</a> <svg focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon" style="vertical-align: middle"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-external-link-small"></use> </svg></p> </div> </div> <script> function deepDyveResponse(data) { if (data.status === 'ok') { [].slice.call(document.querySelectorAll('.buybox__rent-article')).forEach(function (article) { article.style.display = 'flex' var link = article.querySelector('.deepdyve-link') if (link) { link.setAttribute('href', data.url) } }) } } var script = document.createElement('script') script.src = '//www.deepdyve.com/rental-link?docId=10.1007/s12011-020-02490-4&journal=1559-0720&fieldName=journal_doi&affiliateId=springer&format=jsonp&callback=deepDyveResponse' document.body.appendChild(script) </script> </article> <div class="buybox__access-option buybox__institutional-subs-link u-sans-serif"> <p><a href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/librarians/licensing/agc/journals">Institutional subscriptions <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="24" height="24" class="u-icon" style="vertical-align: middle"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use> </svg></a></p> </div> <style>.sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .buybox__access-option{ border-top: 1px solid #cedbe0; font-size: 1rem; padding: 16px; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .c-springer-plus{ display: none; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus{ background-color: #EBF6FF; font-family: 'Merriweather Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; padding: 16px; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus-headline{ display: flex; justify-content: space-between; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus-heading{ border-bottom: 1px solid #c5e0f4; border-top: 1px solid #c5e0f4; font-family: 'Merriweather Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0; padding: 16px; text-align: center; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus-title{ align-items: center; display: flex; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus-title span{ margin-left: 8px; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus a{ background-color: #fff; border: 1px solid #025e8d; color: #025e8d; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; max-height: 44px; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus a span{ margin-right: 8px; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus a:hover{ background-color: #025e8d; border: 4px solid #025e8d; box-shadow: none; color: #fff; font-weight: 700; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus a:visited{ color: #025e8d; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus a:visited:hover{ color: #fff; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus .buying-option-usps{ color: #555; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6; list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 16px 0 24px 0; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus .buying-option-usps > li{ padding-left: 26px; position: relative; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus .buying-option-usps > li::before{ content: ''; height: 10px; left: 0; position: absolute; top: calc(0.8em - 5px); width: 10px; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus .buying-option-usps > li:not(:first-child){ margin-top: 4px; } </style> </div> </div> </div> <div class="u-display-none"> <div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-1"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig1" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 1</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12011-020-02490-4/MediaObjects/12011_2020_2490_Fig1_HTML.png?as=webp"><img src="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12011-020-02490-4/MediaObjects/12011_2020_2490_Fig1_HTML.png" alt="" loading="lazy" width="312" height="206"></picture></div></div></figure></div><div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-2"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig2" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 2</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12011-020-02490-4/MediaObjects/12011_2020_2490_Fig2_HTML.png?as=webp"><img src="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12011-020-02490-4/MediaObjects/12011_2020_2490_Fig2_HTML.png" alt="" loading="lazy" width="312" height="208"></picture></div></div></figure></div><div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-3"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig3" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 3</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12011-020-02490-4/MediaObjects/12011_2020_2490_Fig3_HTML.png?as=webp"><img src="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12011-020-02490-4/MediaObjects/12011_2020_2490_Fig3_HTML.png" alt="" loading="lazy" width="312" height="312"></picture></div></div></figure></div><div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-4"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig4" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 4</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12011-020-02490-4/MediaObjects/12011_2020_2490_Fig4_HTML.png?as=webp"><img src="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12011-020-02490-4/MediaObjects/12011_2020_2490_Fig4_HTML.png" alt="" loading="lazy" width="312" height="311"></picture></div></div></figure></div><div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-5"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig5" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 5</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12011-020-02490-4/MediaObjects/12011_2020_2490_Fig5_HTML.png?as=webp"><img src="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12011-020-02490-4/MediaObjects/12011_2020_2490_Fig5_HTML.png" alt="" loading="lazy" width="312" height="206"></picture></div></div></figure></div><div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-6"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig6" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 6</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12011-020-02490-4/MediaObjects/12011_2020_2490_Fig6_HTML.png?as=webp"><img src="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12011-020-02490-4/MediaObjects/12011_2020_2490_Fig6_HTML.png" alt="" loading="lazy" width="312" height="208"></picture></div></div></figure></div><div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-7"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig7" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Fig. 7</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12011-020-02490-4/MediaObjects/12011_2020_2490_Fig7_HTML.png?as=webp"><img src="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12011-020-02490-4/MediaObjects/12011_2020_2490_Fig7_HTML.png" alt="" loading="lazy" width="312" height="207"></picture></div></div></figure></div> </div> <div data-test="cobranding-download"> </div> <section aria-labelledby="inline-recommendations" data-title="Inline Recommendations" class="c-article-recommendations" data-track-component="inline-recommendations"> <h3 class="c-article-recommendations-title" id="inline-recommendations">Similar content being viewed by others</h3> <div class="c-article-recommendations-list"> <div class="c-article-recommendations-list__item"> <article class="c-article-recommendations-card" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"> <div class="c-article-recommendations-card__img"><img src="https://media.springernature.com/w215h120/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11356-020-10980-0/MediaObjects/11356_2020_10980_Fig1_HTML.png" loading="lazy" alt=""></div> <div class="c-article-recommendations-card__main"> <h3 class="c-article-recommendations-card__heading" itemprop="name headline"> <a class="c-article-recommendations-card__link" itemprop="url" href="https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-020-10980-0?fromPaywallRec=true" data-track="select_recommendations_1" data-track-context="inline recommendations" data-track-action="click recommendations inline - 1" data-track-label="10.1007/s11356-020-10980-0">Toxic effect of some heavy metals on hematology and histopathology of major carp (<i>Catla catla</i>) </a> </h3> <div class="c-article-meta-recommendations" data-test="recommendation-info"> <span class="c-article-meta-recommendations__item-type">Article</span> <span class="c-article-meta-recommendations__date">30 September 2020</span> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="c-article-recommendations-list__item"> <article class="c-article-recommendations-card" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"> <div class="c-article-recommendations-card__img"><img src="https://media.springernature.com/w215h120/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12011-020-02122-x/MediaObjects/12011_2020_2122_Fig1_HTML.png" loading="lazy" alt=""></div> <div class="c-article-recommendations-card__main"> <h3 class="c-article-recommendations-card__heading" itemprop="name headline"> <a class="c-article-recommendations-card__link" itemprop="url" href="https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12011-020-02122-x?fromPaywallRec=true" data-track="select_recommendations_2" data-track-context="inline recommendations" data-track-action="click recommendations inline - 2" data-track-label="10.1007/s12011-020-02122-x">Genotoxic Consequences in Common Grass Carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i> Valenciennes, 1844) Exposed to Selected Toxic Metals </a> </h3> <div class="c-article-meta-recommendations" data-test="recommendation-info"> <span class="c-article-meta-recommendations__item-type">Article</span> <span class="c-article-meta-recommendations__date">14 April 2020</span> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="c-article-recommendations-list__item"> <article class="c-article-recommendations-card" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"> <div class="c-article-recommendations-card__img"><img src="https://media.springernature.com/w215h120/springer-static/image/art%3Aplaceholder%2Fimages/placeholder-figure-springernature.png" loading="lazy" alt=""></div> <div class="c-article-recommendations-card__main"> <h3 class="c-article-recommendations-card__heading" itemprop="name headline"> <a class="c-article-recommendations-card__link" itemprop="url" href="https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-020-09598-z?fromPaywallRec=true" data-track="select_recommendations_3" data-track-context="inline recommendations" data-track-action="click recommendations inline - 3" data-track-label="10.1007/s11356-020-09598-z">Assessment of copper, chromium, and lead toxicity in fish (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i> Valenciennes, 1844) through hematological biomarkers </a> </h3> <div class="c-article-meta-recommendations" data-test="recommendation-info"> <span class="c-article-meta-recommendations__item-type">Article</span> <span class="c-article-meta-recommendations__date">12 June 2020</span> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </section> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({ recommendations: { recommender: 'semantic', model: 'specter', policy_id: 'NA', timestamp: 1732664360, embedded_user: 'null' } }); </script> <section data-title="Data Availability"><div class="c-article-section" id="data-availability-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="data-availability">Data Availability</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="data-availability-content"> <p>Data sharing are not applicable to this article. The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author (M. Shahjahan).</p> </div></div></section><div id="MagazineFulltextArticleBodySuffix"><section aria-labelledby="Bib1" data-title="References"><div class="c-article-section" id="Bib1-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="Bib1">References</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="Bib1-content"><div data-container-section="references"><ol class="c-article-references" data-track-component="outbound reference" data-track-context="references section"><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="1."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR1">Gayathri R, Nambiar K, Raveendran CZ, Jaleel CA (2008) A glimpse of lignicolous marine fungi occurring in coastal water bodies of Tamil Nadu (India). CR Biol 331:475–480</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.crvi.2008.03.008" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.crvi.2008.03.008" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.crvi.2008.03.008" aria-label="Article reference 1" data-doi="10.1016/j.crvi.2008.03.008">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 1" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=A%20glimpse%20of%20lignicolous%20marine%20fungi%20occurring%20in%20coastal%20water%20bodies%20of%20Tamil%20Nadu%20%28India%29&journal=CR%20Biol&doi=10.1016%2Fj.crvi.2008.03.008&volume=331&pages=475-480&publication_year=2008&author=Gayathri%2CR&author=Nambiar%2CK&author=Raveendran%2CCZ&author=Jaleel%2CCA"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="2."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR2">Krishna AK, Satyanarayanan M, Govil PK (2009) Assessment of heavy metal pollution in water using multivariate statistical techniques in an industrial area: a case study from Patancheru, Medak District, Andhra Pradesh, India. J Hazard Mater 167:366–373</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.12.131" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.12.131" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jhazmat.2008.12.131" aria-label="Article reference 2" data-doi="10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.12.131">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXmt1Gisbc%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 2">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="pubmed reference" data-track-action="pubmed reference" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=19304387" aria-label="PubMed reference 2">PubMed</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 2" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Assessment%20of%20heavy%20metal%20pollution%20in%20water%20using%20multivariate%20statistical%20techniques%20in%20an%20industrial%20area%3A%20a%20case%20study%20from%20Patancheru%2C%20Medak%20District%2C%20Andhra%20Pradesh%2C%20India&journal=J%20Hazard%20Mater&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jhazmat.2008.12.131&volume=167&pages=366-373&publication_year=2009&author=Krishna%2CAK&author=Satyanarayanan%2CM&author=Govil%2CPK"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="3."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR3">Asthana M, Kumar A, Sharma BS (2017) Wastewater treatment. In: Singh RL (ed) Principles and applications of environmental biotechnology for a sustainable future. Springer, Singapore, pp 173–232</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="noopener" data-track-label="10.1007/978-981-10-1866-4_6" data-track-item_id="10.1007/978-981-10-1866-4_6" data-track-value="chapter reference" data-track-action="chapter reference" href="https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1007/978-981-10-1866-4_6" aria-label="Chapter reference 3" data-doi="10.1007/978-981-10-1866-4_6">Chapter</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 3" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Wastewater%20treatment&doi=10.1007%2F978-981-10-1866-4_6&pages=173-232&publication_year=2017&author=Asthana%2CM&author=Kumar%2CA&author=Sharma%2CBS"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="4."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR4">Singarea PU, Dhabardeb SS (2014) Toxic metals pollution due to industrial effluents released along Dombivali Industrial Belt of Mumbai, India. Eur J Env Safety Sci 2:5–11</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 4" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Toxic%20metals%20pollution%20due%20to%20industrial%20effluents%20released%20along%20Dombivali%20Industrial%20Belt%20of%20Mumbai%2C%20India&journal=Eur%20J%20Env%20Safety%20Sci&volume=2&pages=5-11&publication_year=2014&author=Singarea%2CPU&author=Dhabardeb%2CSS"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="5."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR5">Ahmed MS, Aslam Y, Khan WA (2011) Absorption and bioaccumulation of water-borne inorganic mercury in the fingerlings of grass carp, <i>Ctenopharyn godonidella</i>. J Anim Plant Sci 21:176–181</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhsFejsrjL" aria-label="CAS reference 5">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 5" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Absorption%20and%20bioaccumulation%20of%20water-borne%20inorganic%20mercury%20in%20the%20fingerlings%20of%20grass%20carp%2C%20Ctenopharyn%20godonidella&journal=J%20Anim%20Plant%20Sci&volume=21&pages=176-181&publication_year=2011&author=Ahmed%2CMS&author=Aslam%2CY&author=Khan%2CWA"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="6."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR6">Velma V, Tchounwou PB (2010) Chromium-induced biochemical, genotoxic and histopathologic effects in liver and kidney of goldfish, <i>carassius auratus</i>. Mutat Res 698:43–51</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.03.014" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.03.014" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.mrgentox.2010.03.014" aria-label="Article reference 6" data-doi="10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.03.014">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXltFOmsro%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 6">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="pubmed reference" data-track-action="pubmed reference" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=20348018" aria-label="PubMed reference 6">PubMed</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="pubmed central reference" data-track-action="pubmed central reference" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2864153" aria-label="PubMed Central reference 6">PubMed Central</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 6" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Chromium-induced%20biochemical%2C%20genotoxic%20and%20histopathologic%20effects%20in%20liver%20and%20kidney%20of%20goldfish%2C%20carassius%20auratus&journal=Mutat%20Res&doi=10.1016%2Fj.mrgentox.2010.03.014&volume=698&pages=43-51&publication_year=2010&author=Velma%2CV&author=Tchounwou%2CPB"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="7."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR7">Azim MA, Quraisi SB, Islam R (2009) Impact of dumping untreated waste water on water quality of the river Buriganga, Bangladesh. Dhaka Univ J Sci 57(1):101–106</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXjs1Kisbc%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 7">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 7" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Impact%20of%20dumping%20untreated%20waste%20water%20on%20water%20quality%20of%20the%20river%20Buriganga%2C%20Bangladesh&journal=Dhaka%20Univ%20J%20Sci&volume=57&issue=1&pages=101-106&publication_year=2009&author=Azim%2CMA&author=Quraisi%2CSB&author=Islam%2CR"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="8."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR8">Islam MZ, Azim MA, Islam R, Quraisi SB (2008) Seasonal variation of heavy metals in water samples from Shitalakhya river. J Bangladesh Acad Sci 32(1):13–22</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.3329/jbas.v32i1.2437" data-track-item_id="10.3329/jbas.v32i1.2437" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.3329%2Fjbas.v32i1.2437" aria-label="Article reference 8" data-doi="10.3329/jbas.v32i1.2437">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXkt1ertw%3D%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 8">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 8" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Seasonal%20variation%20of%20heavy%20metals%20in%20water%20samples%20from%20Shitalakhya%20river&journal=J%20Bangladesh%20Acad%20Sci&doi=10.3329%2Fjbas.v32i1.2437&volume=32&issue=1&pages=13-22&publication_year=2008&author=Islam%2CMZ&author=Azim%2CMA&author=Islam%2CR&author=Quraisi%2CSB"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="9."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR9">Hasan MK, Khan MR, Nesha MK, Happy MA (2014) Analysis of water quality using chemical. Open J Water Pollut Treat 1(2):58–74</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.15764/WPT.2014.02007" data-track-item_id="10.15764/WPT.2014.02007" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.15764%2FWPT.2014.02007" aria-label="Article reference 9" data-doi="10.15764/WPT.2014.02007">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 9" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Analysis%20of%20water%20quality%20using%20chemical&journal=Open%20J%20Water%20Pollut%20Treat&doi=10.15764%2FWPT.2014.02007&volume=1&issue=2&pages=58-74&publication_year=2014&author=Hasan%2CMK&author=Khan%2CMR&author=Nesha%2CMK&author=Happy%2CMA"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="10."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR10">Rahman H, Hoque N, Sarker PK, Safa A (2020) Assessment of hexavalent chromium pollution in Buriganga and Dhaleshwari river water bodies adjacent to Tannery Estates in Bangladesh. MIST Int J Sci Tench 08:11–15</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.47981/j.mijst.08(01)2020.160(11-15)" data-track-item_id="10.47981/j.mijst.08(01)2020.160(11-15)" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.47981%2Fj.mijst.08%2801%292020.160%2811-15%29" aria-label="Article reference 10" data-doi="10.47981/j.mijst.08(01)2020.160(11-15)">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 10" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Assessment%20of%20hexavalent%20chromium%20pollution%20in%20Buriganga%20and%20Dhaleshwari%20river%20water%20bodies%20adjacent%20to%20Tannery%20Estates%20in%20Bangladesh&journal=MIST%20Int%20J%20Sci%20Tench&doi=10.47981%2Fj.mijst.08%2801%292020.160%2811-15%29&volume=08&pages=11-15&publication_year=2020&author=Rahman%2CH&author=Hoque%2CN&author=Sarker%2CPK&author=Safa%2CA"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="11."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR11">Farombi EO, Adelowo OA, Ajimoko YR (2007) Biomarker of oxidative stress and heavy metal levels as induced by environmental pollution in African cat fish <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> from Nigeria Ogun river. Int J Environ Res Public Health 4:158–165</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.3390/ijerph2007040011" data-track-item_id="10.3390/ijerph2007040011" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph2007040011" aria-label="Article reference 11" data-doi="10.3390/ijerph2007040011">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXos1Sisrs%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 11">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="pubmed reference" data-track-action="pubmed reference" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17617680" aria-label="PubMed reference 11">PubMed</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="pubmed central reference" data-track-action="pubmed central reference" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3728582" aria-label="PubMed Central reference 11">PubMed Central</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 11" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Biomarker%20of%20oxidative%20stress%20and%20heavy%20metal%20levels%20as%20induced%20by%20environmental%20pollution%20in%20African%20cat%20fish%20Clarias%20gariepinus%20from%20Nigeria%20Ogun%20river&journal=Int%20J%20Environ%20Res%20Public%20Health&doi=10.3390%2Fijerph2007040011&volume=4&pages=158-165&publication_year=2007&author=Farombi%2CEO&author=Adelowo%2COA&author=Ajimoko%2CYR"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="12."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR12">Ogamba EN, Izah SC, Isimayemiema F (2016) Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the gill and liver of a common Niger Delta wetland fish, <i>Clarias Garepinus</i>. British J Appl Res 1:0017–0020</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 12" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Bioaccumulation%20of%20heavy%20metals%20in%20the%20gill%20and%20liver%20of%20a%20common%20Niger%20Delta%20wetland%20fish%2C%20Clarias%20Garepinus&journal=British%20J%20Appl%20Res&volume=1&pages=0017-0020&publication_year=2016&author=Ogamba%2CEN&author=Izah%2CSC&author=Isimayemiema%2CF"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="13."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR13">Hedayati A, Safahieh A, Savari A, Marammazi JG (2010) Detection of range finding test of mercury chloride in yellow sea bream (<i>Acanthopagruslatus</i>). Iran J Energy Environ 1:228–233</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 13" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Detection%20of%20range%20finding%20test%20of%20mercury%20chloride%20in%20yellow%20sea%20bream%20%28Acanthopagruslatus%29&journal=Iran%20J%20Energy%20Environ&volume=1&pages=228-233&publication_year=2010&author=Hedayati%2CA&author=Safahieh%2CA&author=Savari%2CA&author=Marammazi%2CJG"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="14."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR14">Garima P (2016) Effect of cadmium sulphate on certain biochemical parameters of teleost, <i>Clarias batrachus</i>. World J Pharm Res 5:1004–1011</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 14" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Effect%20of%20cadmium%20sulphate%20on%20certain%20biochemical%20parameters%20of%20teleost%2C%20Clarias%20batrachus&journal=World%20J%20Pharm%20Res&volume=5&pages=1004-1011&publication_year=2016&author=Garima%2CP"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="15."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR15">Mohammad MN, Authman Zaki MS, Khallaf EA, Abbas HH (2015) Use of fish as bio-indicator of the effects of heavy metals pollution. J Aquac Res Develop 6:328</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 15" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Use%20of%20fish%20as%20bio-indicator%20of%20the%20effects%20of%20heavy%20metals%20pollution&journal=J%20Aquac%20Res%20Develop&volume=6&publication_year=2015&author=Mohammad%2CMN&author=Authman%20Zaki%2CMS&author=Khallaf%2CEA&author=Abbas%2CHH"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="16."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR16">Joseph A, Olugbojo AA, Akinyemi (2016) Assessment of heavy metals in different body parts of <i>Sarotherodon galillaeus</i> from Ilo-Idimu River, Otaogun State, Nigeria. J Aquacult Eng Fish Res 2:36–41</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 16" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Assessment%20of%20heavy%20metals%20in%20different%20body%20parts%20of%20Sarotherodon%20galillaeus%20from%20Ilo-Idimu%20River%2C%20Otaogun%20State%2C%20Nigeria&journal=J%20Aquacult%20Eng%20Fish%20Res&volume=2&pages=36-41&publication_year=2016&author=Joseph%2CA&author=Olugbojo%2CAA&author=Akinyemi%2C"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="17."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR17">Blaxhall PC (1972) The hematological assessment of the health of freshwater fishes: a review of selected literatures. J Fish Biol 4:593–604</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1111/j.1095-8649.1972.tb05704.x" data-track-item_id="10.1111/j.1095-8649.1972.tb05704.x" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1095-8649.1972.tb05704.x" aria-label="Article reference 17" data-doi="10.1111/j.1095-8649.1972.tb05704.x">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DyaE3sXhtlymsQ%3D%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 17">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 17" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=The%20hematological%20assessment%20of%20the%20health%20of%20freshwater%20fishes%3A%20a%20review%20of%20selected%20literatures&journal=J%20Fish%20Biol&doi=10.1111%2Fj.1095-8649.1972.tb05704.x&volume=4&pages=593-604&publication_year=1972&author=Blaxhall%2CPC"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="18."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR18">Mallesh B, Pandey PK, Kumar K, Vennila A, Kumar S (2015) Bioconcentration of hexavalent chromium in <i>Cirrhinus mrigala</i> (Ham 1822): effect on haematological parameters. J Bio Earth Sci 5:59–67</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXlsFSgt7c%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 18">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 18" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Bioconcentration%20of%20hexavalent%20chromium%20in%20Cirrhinus%20mrigala%20%28Ham%201822%29%3A%20effect%20on%20haematological%20parameters&journal=J%20Bio%20Earth%20Sci&volume=5&pages=59-67&publication_year=2015&author=Mallesh%2CB&author=Pandey%2CPK&author=Kumar%2CK&author=Vennila%2CA&author=Kumar%2CS"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="19."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR19">Benjamin LV, Kutty R (2019) Sub-lethal effects of potassium dichromate on hematological and histological parameters in climbing perch, <i>Anabas testudineus</i> (Anabantidae). Int J Aquat Biol 7:140–145</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 19" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Sub-lethal%20effects%20of%20potassium%20dichromate%20on%20hematological%20and%20histological%20parameters%20in%20climbing%20perch%2C%20Anabas%20testudineus%20%28Anabantidae%29&journal=Int%20J%20Aquat%20Biol&volume=7&pages=140-145&publication_year=2019&author=Benjamin%2CLV&author=Kutty%2CR"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="20."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR20">De Lemos CT, Rodel PM, Terra NR, Erdtmann B (2001) Evaluation of basal micronucleus frequency and hexavalent chromium effects in fish erythrocytes. Environ Toxicol Chem 20:1320–1324</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1002/etc.5620200621" data-track-item_id="10.1002/etc.5620200621" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fetc.5620200621" aria-label="Article reference 20" data-doi="10.1002/etc.5620200621">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="pubmed reference" data-track-action="pubmed reference" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11392142" aria-label="PubMed reference 20">PubMed</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 20" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Evaluation%20of%20basal%20micronucleus%20frequency%20and%20hexavalent%20chromium%20effects%20in%20fish%20erythrocytes&journal=Environ%20Toxicol%20Chem&doi=10.1002%2Fetc.5620200621&volume=20&pages=1320-1324&publication_year=2001&author=Lemos%2CCT&author=Rodel%2CPM&author=Terra%2CNR&author=Erdtmann%2CB"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="21."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR21">Bolognesi C, Hayashi M (2011) Micronucleus assay in aquatic animals. Mutagenesis 26:205–213</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1093/mutage/geq073" data-track-item_id="10.1093/mutage/geq073" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmutage%2Fgeq073" aria-label="Article reference 21" data-doi="10.1093/mutage/geq073">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhsF2ku7bF" aria-label="CAS reference 21">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="pubmed reference" data-track-action="pubmed reference" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=21164204" aria-label="PubMed reference 21">PubMed</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 21" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Micronucleus%20assay%20in%20aquatic%20animals&journal=Mutagenesis&doi=10.1093%2Fmutage%2Fgeq073&volume=26&pages=205-213&publication_year=2011&author=Bolognesi%2CC&author=Hayashi%2CM"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="22."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR22">Anbumani S, Mohankumar MN (2012) Gamma radiation induced micronuclei and erythrocyte cellular abnormalities in the fish <i>Catla catla</i>. Aquat Toxicol 122-123:125–132</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.06.001" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.06.001" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.aquatox.2012.06.001" aria-label="Article reference 22" data-doi="10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.06.001">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhtF2rsr3K" aria-label="CAS reference 22">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="pubmed reference" data-track-action="pubmed reference" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=22771702" aria-label="PubMed reference 22">PubMed</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 22" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Gamma%20radiation%20induced%20micronuclei%20and%20erythrocyte%20cellular%20abnormalities%20in%20the%20fish%20Catla%20catla&journal=Aquat%20Toxicol&doi=10.1016%2Fj.aquatox.2012.06.001&volume=122-123&pages=125-132&publication_year=2012&author=Anbumani%2CS&author=Mohankumar%2CMN"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="23."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR23">Sadiqul IM, Ferdousa Z, Nannu MTA, Mostakim GM, Rahman MK (2016) Acute exposure to a quinalphos containing insecticide (convoy) causes genetic damage and nuclear changes in peripheral erythrocytes of silver barb<i>, Barbonymus gonionotus</i>. Environ Pollut 219:949–956</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.066" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.066" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.envpol.2016.09.066" aria-label="Article reference 23" data-doi="10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.066">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XhsFGru7jN" aria-label="CAS reference 23">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="pubmed reference" data-track-action="pubmed reference" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=27667680" aria-label="PubMed reference 23">PubMed</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 23" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Acute%20exposure%20to%20a%20quinalphos%20containing%20insecticide%20%28convoy%29%20causes%20genetic%20damage%20and%20nuclear%20changes%20in%20peripheral%20erythrocytes%20of%20silver%20barb%2C%20Barbonymus%20gonionotus&journal=Environ%20Pollut&doi=10.1016%2Fj.envpol.2016.09.066&volume=219&pages=949-956&publication_year=2016&author=Sadiqul%2CIM&author=Ferdousa%2CZ&author=Nannu%2CMTA&author=Mostakim%2CGM&author=Rahman%2CMK"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="24."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR24">Shahjahan M, Rahman MS, Islam SMM, Uddin MH, Al-Emran M (2019) Increase in water temperature increases acute toxicity of sumithion causing nuclear and cellular abnormalities in peripheral erythrocytes of zebrafish <i>Danio rerio</i>. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26:36903–36912</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="noopener" data-track-label="10.1007/s11356-019-06886-1" data-track-item_id="10.1007/s11356-019-06886-1" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1007/s11356-019-06886-1" aria-label="Article reference 24" data-doi="10.1007/s11356-019-06886-1">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXitF2qtrvJ" aria-label="CAS reference 24">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 24" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Increase%20in%20water%20temperature%20increases%20acute%20toxicity%20of%20sumithion%20causing%20nuclear%20and%20cellular%20abnormalities%20in%20peripheral%20erythrocytes%20of%20zebrafish%20Danio%20rerio&journal=Environ%20Sci%20Pollut%20Res&doi=10.1007%2Fs11356-019-06886-1&volume=26&pages=36903-36912&publication_year=2019&author=Shahjahan%2CM&author=Rahman%2CMS&author=Islam%2CSMM&author=Uddin%2CMH&author=Al-Emran%2CM"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="25."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR25">Cavas T, Ergene-Gozukara S (2005) Induction of micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities in <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> following exposure to petroleum refinery and chromium processing plant effluents. Aquat Toxicol 74:264–271</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.06.001" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.06.001" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.aquatox.2005.06.001" aria-label="Article reference 25" data-doi="10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.06.001">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXns1Wjtrw%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 25">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="pubmed reference" data-track-action="pubmed reference" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16023743" aria-label="PubMed reference 25">PubMed</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 25" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Induction%20of%20micronuclei%20and%20nuclear%20abnormalities%20in%20Oreochromis%20niloticus%20following%20exposure%20to%20petroleum%20refinery%20and%20chromium%20processing%20plant%20effluents&journal=Aquat%20Toxicol&doi=10.1016%2Fj.aquatox.2005.06.001&volume=74&pages=264-271&publication_year=2005&author=Cavas%2CT&author=Ergene-Gozukara%2CS"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="26."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR26">Farag MR, Alagawany M (2017) Erythrocytes as a biological model for screening of xenobiotics toxicity. Chemico-Biol Interact 279:73–83</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.cbi.2017.11.007" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.cbi.2017.11.007" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cbi.2017.11.007" aria-label="Article reference 26" data-doi="10.1016/j.cbi.2017.11.007">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXhvValt77J" aria-label="CAS reference 26">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 26" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Erythrocytes%20as%20a%20biological%20model%20for%20screening%20of%20xenobiotics%20toxicity&journal=Chemico-Biol%20Interact&doi=10.1016%2Fj.cbi.2017.11.007&volume=279&pages=73-83&publication_year=2017&author=Farag%2CMR&author=Alagawany%2CM"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="27."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR27">Farag AM, May T, Marty GD, Easton M, Harper DD, Little EE, Cleveland L (2006) The effect of chronic chromium exposure on the health of Chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>). Aquat Toxicol 76:246–257</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.09.011" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.09.011" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.aquatox.2005.09.011" aria-label="Article reference 27" data-doi="10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.09.011">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhsFKku7g%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 27">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="pubmed reference" data-track-action="pubmed reference" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16330107" aria-label="PubMed reference 27">PubMed</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 27" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=The%20effect%20of%20chronic%20chromium%20exposure%20on%20the%20health%20of%20Chinook%20salmon%20%28Oncorhynchus%20tshawytscha%29&journal=Aquat%20Toxicol&doi=10.1016%2Fj.aquatox.2005.09.011&volume=76&pages=246-257&publication_year=2006&author=Farag%2CAM&author=May%2CT&author=Marty%2CGD&author=Easton%2CM&author=Harper%2CDD&author=Little%2CEE&author=Cleveland%2CL"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="28."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR28">Kumar P, Kumar R, Nagpure NS, Nautiyal P, Dabas A, Kushwaha B, Lakra WS (2012) Genotoxic and mutagenic assessment of hexavalent chromium in fish following in vivo chronic exposure. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 18:855–870</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1080/10807039.2012.688713" data-track-item_id="10.1080/10807039.2012.688713" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10807039.2012.688713" aria-label="Article reference 28" data-doi="10.1080/10807039.2012.688713">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XntVehtbw%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 28">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 28" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Genotoxic%20and%20mutagenic%20assessment%20of%20hexavalent%20chromium%20in%20fish%20following%20in%20vivo%20chronic%20exposure&journal=Hum%20Ecol%20Risk%20Assess&doi=10.1080%2F10807039.2012.688713&volume=18&pages=855-870&publication_year=2012&author=Kumar%2CP&author=Kumar%2CR&author=Nagpure%2CNS&author=Nautiyal%2CP&author=Dabas%2CA&author=Kushwaha%2CB&author=Lakra%2CWS"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="29."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR29">Nagpure NS, Srivastava R, Kumar R, Kushwaha B, Srivastava SK, Kumar P, Dabas A (2015) Assessment of genotoxic and mutagenic potential of hexavalent chromium in the freshwater fish <i>Labeo rohita</i> (Hamilton, 1822). Drug Chem Toxicol 38:9–15</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.3109/01480545.2014.900066" data-track-item_id="10.3109/01480545.2014.900066" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.3109%2F01480545.2014.900066" aria-label="Article reference 29" data-doi="10.3109/01480545.2014.900066">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhvFCmsw%3D%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 29">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="pubmed reference" data-track-action="pubmed reference" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=24649973" aria-label="PubMed reference 29">PubMed</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 29" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Assessment%20of%20genotoxic%20and%20mutagenic%20potential%20of%20hexavalent%20chromium%20in%20the%20freshwater%20fish%20Labeo%20rohita%20%28Hamilton%2C%201822%29&journal=Drug%20Chem%20Toxicol&doi=10.3109%2F01480545.2014.900066&volume=38&pages=9-15&publication_year=2015&author=Nagpure%2CNS&author=Srivastava%2CR&author=Kumar%2CR&author=Kushwaha%2CB&author=Srivastava%2CSK&author=Kumar%2CP&author=Dabas%2CA"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="30."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR30">Gad NS, Saad SA (2008) Effect of environmental pollution by phenol on some physiological parameters of <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>. Glob Vet 2(6):312–319</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 30" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Effect%20of%20environmental%20pollution%20by%20phenol%20on%20some%20physiological%20parameters%20of%20Oreochromis%20niloticus&journal=Glob%20Vet&volume=2&issue=6&pages=312-319&publication_year=2008&author=Gad%2CNS&author=Saad%2CSA"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="31."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR31">Monteiro SM, Mancera JM, Fontainhas FA, Sousa M (2005) Copper induced alterations of biochemical parameter in the gill and plasma of <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>. Comp Biochem Physiol C 141:375–383</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 31" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Copper%20induced%20alterations%20of%20biochemical%20parameter%20in%20the%20gill%20and%20plasma%20of%20Oreochromis%20niloticus&journal=Comp%20Biochem%20Physiol%20C&volume=141&pages=375-383&publication_year=2005&author=Monteiro%2CSM&author=Mancera%2CJM&author=Fontainhas%2CFA&author=Sousa%2CM"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="32."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR32">Ahmed MK, Al-Mamun MH, Parvin E, Akter MS, Khan MS (2013) Arsenic induced toxicity and histopathological changes in gill and liver tissue of freshwater fish, Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis mossambicus</i>). Exp Toxicol Pathol 65:903–909</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.etp.2013.01.003" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.etp.2013.01.003" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.etp.2013.01.003" aria-label="Article reference 32" data-doi="10.1016/j.etp.2013.01.003">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhvFSksL0%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 32">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="pubmed reference" data-track-action="pubmed reference" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=23375191" aria-label="PubMed reference 32">PubMed</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 32" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Arsenic%20induced%20toxicity%20and%20histopathological%20changes%20in%20gill%20and%20liver%20tissue%20of%20freshwater%20fish%2C%20Tilapia%20%28Oreochromis%20mossambicus%29&journal=Exp%20Toxicol%20Pathol&doi=10.1016%2Fj.etp.2013.01.003&volume=65&pages=903-909&publication_year=2013&author=Ahmed%2CMK&author=Al-Mamun%2CMH&author=Parvin%2CE&author=Akter%2CMS&author=Khan%2CMS"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="33."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR33">Mela M, Randi MAF, Ventura DE, Carvalho CEV, Pelletier E, Oliveira RCA (2007) Effects of dietary methylmercury on liver and kidney histology in the neotropical fish <i>Hoplias malabaricus</i>. Ecol Toxicol Environ Safe 68:426–435</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.11.013" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.11.013" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ecoenv.2006.11.013" aria-label="Article reference 33" data-doi="10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.11.013">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtFers73M" aria-label="CAS reference 33">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 33" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Effects%20of%20dietary%20methylmercury%20on%20liver%20and%20kidney%20histology%20in%20the%20neotropical%20fish%20Hoplias%20malabaricus&journal=Ecol%20Toxicol%20Environ%20Safe&doi=10.1016%2Fj.ecoenv.2006.11.013&volume=68&pages=426-435&publication_year=2007&author=Mela%2CM&author=Randi%2CMAF&author=Ventura%2CDE&author=Carvalho%2CCEV&author=Pelletier%2CE&author=Oliveira%2CRCA"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="34."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR34">Au DWT (2004) The application of histocyto-pathological biomarkers in marine pollution monitoring: a review. Mar Pollut Bull 48:817–834</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.02.032" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.02.032" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.marpolbul.2004.02.032" aria-label="Article reference 34" data-doi="10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.02.032">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjsVaqs70%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 34">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="pubmed reference" data-track-action="pubmed reference" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15111029" aria-label="PubMed reference 34">PubMed</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 34" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=The%20application%20of%20histocyto-pathological%20biomarkers%20in%20marine%20pollution%20monitoring%3A%20a%20review&journal=Mar%20Pollut%20Bull&doi=10.1016%2Fj.marpolbul.2004.02.032&volume=48&pages=817-834&publication_year=2004&author=Au%2CDWT"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="35."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR35">El-Serafy SS, Abdel-Hameid NAH, El-Daly AA (2009) Histological and histochemical alterations induced by phenol exposure in <i>Oreochromi saureus</i> (Steindachner, 1864) juveniles. Egypt J Aquat Bio Fish 13:151–172</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.21608/ejabf.2009.2038" data-track-item_id="10.21608/ejabf.2009.2038" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.21608%2Fejabf.2009.2038" aria-label="Article reference 35" data-doi="10.21608/ejabf.2009.2038">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 35" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Histological%20and%20histochemical%20alterations%20induced%20by%20phenol%20exposure%20in%20Oreochromi%20saureus%20%28Steindachner%2C%201864%29%20juveniles&journal=Egypt%20J%20Aquat%20Bio%20Fish&doi=10.21608%2Fejabf.2009.2038&volume=13&pages=151-172&publication_year=2009&author=El-Serafy%2CSS&author=Abdel-Hameid%2CNAH&author=El-Daly%2CAA"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="36."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR36">Figuiredo-Fernandes A, Rontainhas-Fernandes A, Rocha E, Reis-Henriques MA (2006) The effect of paraquat on hepatic EROD activity, liver and gonadal histology in males and females of Nile Tilapia, <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>, exposed at different temperatures. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 51:626–632</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="noopener" data-track-label="10.1007/s00244-005-0208-3" data-track-item_id="10.1007/s00244-005-0208-3" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1007/s00244-005-0208-3" aria-label="Article reference 36" data-doi="10.1007/s00244-005-0208-3">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtVOmu7bN" aria-label="CAS reference 36">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 36" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=The%20effect%20of%20paraquat%20on%20hepatic%20EROD%20activity%2C%20liver%20and%20gonadal%20histology%20in%20males%20and%20females%20of%20Nile%20Tilapia%2C%20Oreochromis%20niloticus%2C%20exposed%20at%20different%20temperatures&journal=Arch%20Environ%20Contam%20Toxicol&doi=10.1007%2Fs00244-005-0208-3&volume=51&pages=626-632&publication_year=2006&author=Figuiredo-Fernandes%2CA&author=Rontainhas-Fernandes%2CA&author=Rocha%2CE&author=Reis-Henriques%2CMA"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="37."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR37">Barhoumi S, Messaoudi I, Gagne F, Kerkeni A (2012) Spatial and seasonal variability of some biomarkers in <i>Salaria basilisca</i> (Pisces: Blennidae): Implication for biomonitoring in Tunisian coasts. Ecol Indic 14:222–228</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.06.025" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.06.025" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ecolind.2011.06.025" aria-label="Article reference 37" data-doi="10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.06.025">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtlars7rP" aria-label="CAS reference 37">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 37" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Spatial%20and%20seasonal%20variability%20of%20some%20biomarkers%20in%20Salaria%20basilisca%20%28Pisces%3A%20Blennidae%29%3A%20Implication%20for%20biomonitoring%20in%20Tunisian%20coasts&journal=Ecol%20Indic&doi=10.1016%2Fj.ecolind.2011.06.025&volume=14&pages=222-228&publication_year=2012&author=Barhoumi%2CS&author=Messaoudi%2CI&author=Gagne%2CF&author=Kerkeni%2CA"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="38."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR38">Soufy HM, Soliman E, Manakhly EI, Gaafa A (2007) Some biochemical and pathological investigations on mono sex tilapia following. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 43:315–320</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 38" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Some%20biochemical%20and%20pathological%20investigations%20on%20mono%20sex%20tilapia%20following&journal=Bull%20Environ%20Contam%20Toxicol&volume=43&pages=315-320&publication_year=2007&author=Soufy%2CHM&author=Soliman%2CE&author=Manakhly%2CEI&author=Gaafa%2CA"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="39."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR39">Abdel-Moneim AM, Al-Kahtani MA, Dlmenshawy OM (2012) Histopathological biomarkers in gills and liver of <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> from polluted wetland environments, Saudi Arabia. Chemosphere 88:1028–1035</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.04.001" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.04.001" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.chemosphere.2012.04.001" aria-label="Article reference 39" data-doi="10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.04.001">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xmt1OhsL8%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 39">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="pubmed reference" data-track-action="pubmed reference" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=22546634" aria-label="PubMed reference 39">PubMed</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 39" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Histopathological%20biomarkers%20in%20gills%20and%20liver%20of%20Oreochromis%20niloticus%20from%20polluted%20wetland%20environments%2C%20Saudi%20Arabia&journal=Chemosphere&doi=10.1016%2Fj.chemosphere.2012.04.001&volume=88&pages=1028-1035&publication_year=2012&author=Abdel-Moneim%2CAM&author=Al-Kahtani%2CMA&author=Dlmenshawy%2COM"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="40."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR40">Oliveira Ribeiro CA, Filipack F, Mela M, Silva PH, Randi MAF, Costa JRA, Pelletier E (2006) Hematological findings in neotropical fish <i>Hoplias malabaricus</i> exposed to subchronic and dietary doses of methylmercury, inorganic lead and tributyltin chloride. Environ Res 101:74–80</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.envres.2005.11.005" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.envres.2005.11.005" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.envres.2005.11.005" aria-label="Article reference 40" data-doi="10.1016/j.envres.2005.11.005">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:STN:280:DC%2BD283gvFOktA%3D%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 40">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="pubmed reference" data-track-action="pubmed reference" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16388797" aria-label="PubMed reference 40">PubMed</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 40" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Hematological%20findings%20in%20neotropical%20fish%20Hoplias%20malabaricus%20exposed%20to%20subchronic%20and%20dietary%20doses%20of%20methylmercury%2C%20inorganic%20lead%20and%20tributyltin%20chloride&journal=Environ%20Res&doi=10.1016%2Fj.envres.2005.11.005&volume=101&pages=74-80&publication_year=2006&author=Oliveira%20Ribeiro%2CCA&author=Filipack%2CF&author=Mela%2CM&author=Silva%2CPH&author=Randi%2CMAF&author=Costa%2CJRA&author=Pelletier%2CE"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="41."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR41">Bakshi A, Panigrahi AK (2018) A comprehensive review on chromium induced alterations in fresh water fishes. Toxicol Rep 5:440–447</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.03.007" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.03.007" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.toxrep.2018.03.007" aria-label="Article reference 41" data-doi="10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.03.007">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXmsVKitLk%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 41">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="pubmed reference" data-track-action="pubmed reference" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=29854615" aria-label="PubMed reference 41">PubMed</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="pubmed central reference" data-track-action="pubmed central reference" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5977408" aria-label="PubMed Central reference 41">PubMed Central</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 41" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=A%20comprehensive%20review%20on%20chromium%20induced%20alterations%20in%20fresh%20water%20fishes&journal=Toxicol%20Rep&doi=10.1016%2Fj.toxrep.2018.03.007&volume=5&pages=440-447&publication_year=2018&author=Bakshi%2CA&author=Panigrahi%2CAK"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="42."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR42">Ali H, Rahman MM, Murshed-e-Jahan K, Dhar GC (2018) Production economics of striped catfish (<i>Pangasianodon hypophthalmus</i>, Sauvage, 1878) farming under polyculture system in Bangladesh. Aquaculture 491:381–390</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.12.004" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.12.004" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.aquaculture.2017.12.004" aria-label="Article reference 42" data-doi="10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.12.004">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 42" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Production%20economics%20of%20striped%20catfish%20%28Pangasianodon%20hypophthalmus%2C%20Sauvage%2C%201878%29%20farming%20under%20polyculture%20system%20in%20Bangladesh&journal=Aquaculture&doi=10.1016%2Fj.aquaculture.2017.12.004&volume=491&pages=381-390&publication_year=2018&author=Ali%2CH&author=Rahman%2CMM&author=Murshed-e-Jahan%2CK&author=Dhar%2CGC"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="43."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR43">Fisheries Resources Survey System (2018) Fisheries statistical report of Bangladesh, Department of Fisheries. Bangladesh. 32, 1-57</p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="44."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR44">Islam SMM, Rohani MF, Zabed SA, Islam MT, Jannat R, Akter Y, Shahjahan M (2020) Acute effects of chromium on hemato-biochemical parameters and morphology of erythrocytes in striped catfish <i>Pangasianodon hypophthalmus</i>. Toxicol Rep 7:664–670</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.04.016" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.04.016" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.toxrep.2020.04.016" aria-label="Article reference 44" data-doi="10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.04.016">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtVCls7vE" aria-label="CAS reference 44">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="pubmed reference" data-track-action="pubmed reference" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=32489906" aria-label="PubMed reference 44">PubMed</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="pubmed central reference" data-track-action="pubmed central reference" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7260616" aria-label="PubMed Central reference 44">PubMed Central</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 44" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Acute%20effects%20of%20chromium%20on%20hemato-biochemical%20parameters%20and%20morphology%20of%20erythrocytes%20in%20striped%20catfish%20Pangasianodon%20hypophthalmus&journal=Toxicol%20Rep&doi=10.1016%2Fj.toxrep.2020.04.016&volume=7&pages=664-670&publication_year=2020&author=Islam%2CSMM&author=Rohani%2CMF&author=Zabed%2CSA&author=Islam%2CMT&author=Jannat%2CR&author=Akter%2CY&author=Shahjahan%2CM"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="45."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR45">Palanippan PLRM, Karthikeyan S (2009) Bioaccumulation and depuration of chromium in the selected organs and whole body tissues of freshwater fish <i>Cirrhinus mrigala</i> individually and in binary solutions with nickel. J Environ Sci 21:229–236</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/S1001-0742(08)62256-1" data-track-item_id="10.1016/S1001-0742(08)62256-1" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1001-0742%2808%2962256-1" aria-label="Article reference 45" data-doi="10.1016/S1001-0742(08)62256-1">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXjs1Ontr4%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 45">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 45" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Bioaccumulation%20and%20depuration%20of%20chromium%20in%20the%20selected%20organs%20and%20whole%20body%20tissues%20of%20freshwater%20fish%20Cirrhinus%20mrigala%20individually%20and%20in%20binary%20solutions%20with%20nickel&journal=J%20Environ%20Sci&doi=10.1016%2FS1001-0742%2808%2962256-1&volume=21&pages=229-236&publication_year=2009&author=Palanippan%2CPLRM&author=Karthikeyan%2CS"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="46."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR46">Jahan A, Nipa TT, Islam SMM, Uddin MH, Islam MS, Shahjahan M (2019) Striped catfish (<i>Pangasianodon hypophthalmus</i>) could be suitable for coastal aquaculture. J Appl Ichthyol 35:994–1003</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXhsVartrbI" aria-label="CAS reference 46">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 46" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Striped%20catfish%20%28Pangasianodon%20hypophthalmus%29%20could%20be%20suitable%20for%20coastal%20aquaculture&journal=J%20Appl%20Ichthyol&volume=35&pages=994-1003&publication_year=2019&author=Jahan%2CA&author=Nipa%2CTT&author=Islam%2CSMM&author=Uddin%2CMH&author=Islam%2CMS&author=Shahjahan%2CM"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="47."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR47">Shahjahan M, Uddin MH, Bain V, Haque MM (2018) Increased water temperature altered hemato-biochemical parameters and structure of peripheral erythrocytes in striped catfish <i>Pangasianodon hypophthalmus</i>. Fish Physiol Biochem 44:1309–1318</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="noopener" data-track-label="10.1007/s10695-018-0522-0" data-track-item_id="10.1007/s10695-018-0522-0" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1007/s10695-018-0522-0" aria-label="Article reference 47" data-doi="10.1007/s10695-018-0522-0">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXpvVKkt70%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 47">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="pubmed reference" data-track-action="pubmed reference" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=29785516" aria-label="PubMed reference 47">PubMed</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 47" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Increased%20water%20temperature%20altered%20hemato-biochemical%20parameters%20and%20structure%20of%20peripheral%20erythrocytes%20in%20striped%20catfish%20Pangasianodon%20hypophthalmus&journal=Fish%20Physiol%20Biochem&doi=10.1007%2Fs10695-018-0522-0&volume=44&pages=1309-1318&publication_year=2018&author=Shahjahan%2CM&author=Uddin%2CMH&author=Bain%2CV&author=Haque%2CMM"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="48."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR48">Carrasco K, Tilbury KL, Myers MS (1990) Assessment of the piscine micronucleus test as an in situ biological indicator of chemical contaminant effects. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 47:2123–2136</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1139/f90-237" data-track-item_id="10.1139/f90-237" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1139%2Ff90-237" aria-label="Article reference 48" data-doi="10.1139/f90-237">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXhtlOrs7s%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 48">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 48" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Assessment%20of%20the%20piscine%20micronucleus%20test%20as%20an%20in%20situ%20biological%20indicator%20of%20chemical%20contaminant%20effects&journal=Can%20J%20Fish%20Aquat%20Sci&doi=10.1139%2Ff90-237&volume=47&pages=2123-2136&publication_year=1990&author=Carrasco%2CK&author=Tilbury%2CKL&author=Myers%2CMS"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="49."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR49">Fenech M, Chang WP, Kirsch-Volders M, Holland N, Bonassi S, Zeiger E (2003) Human Micronucleus Project. HUMN project: detailed description of the scoring criteria for the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay using isolated human lymphocyte cultures. Mutat Res 534:65–75</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/S1383-5718(02)00249-8" data-track-item_id="10.1016/S1383-5718(02)00249-8" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1383-5718%2802%2900249-8" aria-label="Article reference 49" data-doi="10.1016/S1383-5718(02)00249-8">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xpslaks7s%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 49">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="pubmed reference" data-track-action="pubmed reference" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12504755" aria-label="PubMed reference 49">PubMed</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 49" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Human%20Micronucleus%20Project.%20HUMN%20project%3A%20detailed%20description%20of%20the%20scoring%20criteria%20for%20the%20cytokinesis-block%20micronucleus%20assay%20using%20isolated%20human%20lymphocyte%20cultures&journal=Mutat%20Res&doi=10.1016%2FS1383-5718%2802%2900249-8&volume=534&pages=65-75&publication_year=2003&author=Fenech%2CM&author=Chang%2CWP&author=Kirsch-Volders%2CM&author=Holland%2CN&author=Bonassi%2CS&author=Zeiger%2CE"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="50."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR50">Mishra AK, Mohanty B (2008) Acute toxicity impacts of hexavalent chromium on behavior and histopathology of gill, kidney and liver of the 422 freshwater fish, <i>Channa punctatus</i> (Bloch). Environ Toxicol Pharmcol 26:136–141</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.etap.2008.02.010" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.etap.2008.02.010" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.etap.2008.02.010" aria-label="Article reference 50" data-doi="10.1016/j.etap.2008.02.010">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXpsVKmtLw%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 50">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 50" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Acute%20toxicity%20impacts%20of%20hexavalent%20chromium%20on%20behavior%20and%20histopathology%20of%20gill%2C%20kidney%20and%20liver%20of%20the%20422%20freshwater%20fish%2C%20Channa%20punctatus%20%28Bloch%29&journal=Environ%20Toxicol%20Pharmcol&doi=10.1016%2Fj.etap.2008.02.010&volume=26&pages=136-141&publication_year=2008&author=Mishra%2CAK&author=Mohanty%2CB"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="51."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR51">Walker PA, Kille P, Hurley A, Bury NR, Hogstrand C (2008) An <i>in vitro</i> method to assess toxicity of waterborne metals to fish. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 230:67–77</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.taap.2008.02.012" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.taap.2008.02.012" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.taap.2008.02.012" aria-label="Article reference 51" data-doi="10.1016/j.taap.2008.02.012">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXnt1Oiu70%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 51">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="pubmed reference" data-track-action="pubmed reference" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=18394669" aria-label="PubMed reference 51">PubMed</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 51" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=An%20in%20vitro%20method%20to%20assess%20toxicity%20of%20waterborne%20metals%20to%20fish&journal=Toxicol%20Appl%20Pharmacol&doi=10.1016%2Fj.taap.2008.02.012&volume=230&pages=67-77&publication_year=2008&author=Walker%2CPA&author=Kille%2CP&author=Hurley%2CA&author=Bury%2CNR&author=Hogstrand%2CC"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="52."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR52">Venkatachalam T, Natarajan AV (2014) Haematological investigation on freshwater teleost Labeorohita (Ham.) following aquatic toxicities of Cr (III) and Cr (VI). Int Res Biosci 3:1–14</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 52" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Haematological%20investigation%20on%20freshwater%20teleost%20Labeorohita%20%28Ham.%29%20following%20aquatic%20toxicities%20of%20Cr%20%28III%29%20and%20Cr%20%28VI%29&journal=Int%20Res%20Biosci&volume=3&pages=1-14&publication_year=2014&author=Venkatachalam%2CT&author=Natarajan%2CAV"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="53."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR53">Witeska M (2004) The effect of toxic chemicals on blood cell morphology in fish. Fresenius Environ Bull 12a:1</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 53" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=The%20effect%20of%20toxic%20chemicals%20on%20blood%20cell%20morphology%20in%20fish&journal=Fresenius%20Environ%20Bull&volume=12a&publication_year=2004&author=Witeska%2CM"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="54."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR54">Nussey G, Van Vuren JHJ, Du Preez HH (1995) Effect of copper on the differential white blood cell counts of the Mozambique tilapia (<i>Oreochromis mossambicus</i>). Comp Biochem Physiol 111:381–388</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 54" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Effect%20of%20copper%20on%20the%20differential%20white%20blood%20cell%20counts%20of%20the%20Mozambique%20tilapia%20%28Oreochromis%20mossambicus%29&journal=Comp%20Biochem%20Physiol&volume=111&pages=381-388&publication_year=1995&author=Nussey%2CG&author=Vuren%2CJHJ&author=Preez%2CHH"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="55."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR55">Gill TS, Pant JC (1987) Hematological and pathological effects of chromium toxicosis in the freshwater fish, <i>Barbus conchonius</i> Ham. Water Air Soil Pollut 35:241–250</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="noopener" data-track-label="10.1007/BF00290933" data-track-item_id="10.1007/BF00290933" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1007/BF00290933" aria-label="Article reference 55" data-doi="10.1007/BF00290933">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXhslCjtA%3D%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 55">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 55" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Hematological%20and%20pathological%20effects%20of%20chromium%20toxicosis%20in%20the%20freshwater%20fish%2C%20Barbus%20conchonius%20Ham&journal=Water%20Air%20Soil%20Pollut&doi=10.1007%2FBF00290933&volume=35&pages=241-250&publication_year=1987&author=Gill%2CTS&author=Pant%2CJC"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="56."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR56">Pamila D, Subbaiyan PA, Ramaswamy M (1991) Toxic effect of chromium, and cobalt on <i>Sartherodon mossambicus</i> (peters). Ind J Environ Health 33:218–224</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DyaK38Xht1artro%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 56">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 56" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Toxic%20effect%20of%20chromium%2C%20and%20cobalt%20on%20Sartherodon%20mossambicus%20%28peters%29&journal=Ind%20J%20Environ%20Health&volume=33&pages=218-224&publication_year=1991&author=Pamila%2CD&author=Subbaiyan%2CPA&author=Ramaswamy%2CM"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="57."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR57">Joshi PK, Bose M, Harish D (2002) Changes in certain haematological parameters in a siluroid cat fish <i>Clarias batrachus</i> (Linn) exposed to cadmium chloride. Pollut Res 21:129</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XltlOqsbw%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 57">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 57" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Changes%20in%20certain%20haematological%20parameters%20in%20a%20siluroid%20cat%20fish%20Clarias%20batrachus%20%28Linn%29%20exposed%20to%20cadmium%20chloride&journal=Pollut%20Res&volume=21&publication_year=2002&author=Joshi%2CPK&author=Bose%2CM&author=Harish%2CD"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="58."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR58">Nath R, Banerjee V (1995) Effects of various concentrations of lead nitrate on haematological parameters of an air breathing fish, <i>Clarias batrachus</i>. J Freshw Biol 7:267–268</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 58" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Effects%20of%20various%20concentrations%20of%20lead%20nitrate%20on%20haematological%20parameters%20of%20an%20air%20breathing%20fish%2C%20Clarias%20batrachus&journal=J%20Freshw%20Biol&volume=7&pages=267-268&publication_year=1995&author=Nath%2CR&author=Banerjee%2CV"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="59."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR59">Mazon AF, Monteiro EAS, Pinheiro GHD, Fernadez MN (2002) Hematological and physiological changes induced by short-term exposure to copper in the freshwater fish, <i>Prochilodus scrofa</i>. Braz J Biol 62:4a</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1590/S1519-69842002000400010" data-track-item_id="10.1590/S1519-69842002000400010" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1590%2FS1519-69842002000400010" aria-label="Article reference 59" data-doi="10.1590/S1519-69842002000400010">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 59" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Hematological%20and%20physiological%20changes%20induced%20by%20short-term%20exposure%20to%20copper%20in%20the%20freshwater%20fish%2C%20Prochilodus%20scrofa&journal=Braz%20J%20Biol&doi=10.1590%2FS1519-69842002000400010&volume=62&publication_year=2002&author=Mazon%2CAF&author=Monteiro%2CEAS&author=Pinheiro%2CGHD&author=Fernadez%2CMN"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="60."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR60">Shahjahan M, Khatun MS, Mun MM, Islam SMM, Uddin MH, Badruzzaman M, Khan S (2020) Nuclear and cellular abnormalities of erythrocytes in response to thermal stress in common carp <i>Cyprinus carpio</i>. Front Physiol 11:543. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00543" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.3389/fphys.2020.00543">https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00543</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.3389/fphys.2020.00543" data-track-item_id="10.3389/fphys.2020.00543" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffphys.2020.00543" aria-label="Article reference 60" data-doi="10.3389/fphys.2020.00543">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="pubmed reference" data-track-action="pubmed reference" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=32581838" aria-label="PubMed reference 60">PubMed</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="pubmed central reference" data-track-action="pubmed central reference" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7289994" aria-label="PubMed Central reference 60">PubMed Central</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 60" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Nuclear%20and%20cellular%20abnormalities%20of%20erythrocytes%20in%20response%20to%20thermal%20stress%20in%20common%20carp%20Cyprinus%20carpio&journal=Front%20Physiol&doi=10.3389%2Ffphys.2020.00543&volume=11&publication_year=2020&author=Shahjahan%2CM&author=Khatun%2CMS&author=Mun%2CMM&author=Islam%2CSMM&author=Uddin%2CMH&author=Badruzzaman%2CM&author=Khan%2CS"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="61."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR61">Davis AK, Maney DL, Maerz JC (2008) The use of leukocyte profiles to measure stress in vertebrates: a review for ecologists. Funct Ecol 22:760–772</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01467.x" data-track-item_id="10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01467.x" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2435.2008.01467.x" aria-label="Article reference 61" data-doi="10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01467.x">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 61" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=The%20use%20of%20leukocyte%20profiles%20to%20measure%20stress%20in%20vertebrates%3A%20a%20review%20for%20ecologists&journal=Funct%20Ecol&doi=10.1111%2Fj.1365-2435.2008.01467.x&volume=22&pages=760-772&publication_year=2008&author=Davis%2CAK&author=Maney%2CDL&author=Maerz%2CJC"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="62."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR62">Bilandzic N, Zuric M, Lojkic M, Simic B, Milic D, Barac I (2006) Cortisol and immune measures in boars exposed to 3-day administration of exogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone. Vet Res Commun 30:433–444</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="noopener" data-track-label="10.1007/s11259-006-3315-3" data-track-item_id="10.1007/s11259-006-3315-3" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1007/s11259-006-3315-3" aria-label="Article reference 62" data-doi="10.1007/s11259-006-3315-3">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:STN:280:DC%2BD287hsFemsw%3D%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 62">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="pubmed reference" data-track-action="pubmed reference" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16502111" aria-label="PubMed reference 62">PubMed</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 62" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Cortisol%20and%20immune%20measures%20in%20boars%20exposed%20to%203-day%20administration%20of%20exogenous%20adrenocorticotropic%20hormone&journal=Vet%20Res%20Commun&doi=10.1007%2Fs11259-006-3315-3&volume=30&pages=433-444&publication_year=2006&author=Bilandzic%2CN&author=Zuric%2CM&author=Lojkic%2CM&author=Simic%2CB&author=Milic%2CD&author=Barac%2CI"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="63."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR63">Brown LA (1993) Anesthesia and restraint. In: Stoskopf MK (ed) Fish medicine. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, pp 79–90</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 63" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Anesthesia%20and%20restraint&pages=79-90&publication_year=1993&author=Brown%2CLA"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="64."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR64">Beyea MM, Benfey TJ, Kieffer JD (2005) Hematology and stress physiology of juvenile diploid and triploid shortnose sturgeon (<i>Acipenser brevirostrum</i>). Fish Physiol Biochem 31:303–313</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="noopener" data-track-label="10.1007/s10695-005-1552-y" data-track-item_id="10.1007/s10695-005-1552-y" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1007/s10695-005-1552-y" aria-label="Article reference 64" data-doi="10.1007/s10695-005-1552-y">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xot12jt7c%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 64">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 64" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Hematology%20and%20stress%20physiology%20of%20juvenile%20diploid%20and%20triploid%20shortnose%20sturgeon%20%28Acipenser%20brevirostrum%29&journal=Fish%20Physiol%20Biochem&doi=10.1007%2Fs10695-005-1552-y&volume=31&pages=303-313&publication_year=2005&author=Beyea%2CMM&author=Benfey%2CTJ&author=Kieffer%2CJD"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="65."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR65">Vosyliene M (1999) The effect of heavy metals on hematological indices of fish (Survey). Acta Zool Lituanica Hydrobiol 9:76–82</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1080/13921657.1999.10512290" data-track-item_id="10.1080/13921657.1999.10512290" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13921657.1999.10512290" aria-label="Article reference 65" data-doi="10.1080/13921657.1999.10512290">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 65" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=The%20effect%20of%20heavy%20metals%20on%20hematological%20indices%20of%20fish%20%28Survey%29&journal=Acta%20Zool%20Lituanica%20Hydrobiol&doi=10.1080%2F13921657.1999.10512290&volume=9&pages=76-82&publication_year=1999&author=Vosyliene%2CM"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="66."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR66">Martinez CBR, Nagae MY, Zaia CTBV, Zai DAM (2004) Acute morphological and physiological effects of lead in the neotropical fish, <i>Prochidolus lineatus</i>. Braz J Biol 64:797–807</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1590/S1519-69842004000500009" data-track-item_id="10.1590/S1519-69842004000500009" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1590%2FS1519-69842004000500009" aria-label="Article reference 66" data-doi="10.1590/S1519-69842004000500009">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:STN:280:DC%2BD2M7hsVehsA%3D%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 66">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="pubmed reference" data-track-action="pubmed reference" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15744420" aria-label="PubMed reference 66">PubMed</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 66" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Acute%20morphological%20and%20physiological%20effects%20of%20lead%20in%20the%20neotropical%20fish%2C%20Prochidolus%20lineatus&journal=Braz%20J%20Biol&doi=10.1590%2FS1519-69842004000500009&volume=64&pages=797-807&publication_year=2004&author=Martinez%2CCBR&author=Nagae%2CMY&author=Zaia%2CCTBV&author=Zai%2CDAM"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="67."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR67">Firat O, Kargın F (2010) Individual and combined effects of heavy metals on serum biochemistry of Nile tilapia <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 58:151–157</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="noopener" data-track-label="10.1007/s00244-009-9344-5" data-track-item_id="10.1007/s00244-009-9344-5" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1007/s00244-009-9344-5" aria-label="Article reference 67" data-doi="10.1007/s00244-009-9344-5">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXlvFCjsA%3D%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 67">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="pubmed reference" data-track-action="pubmed reference" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=19488801" aria-label="PubMed reference 67">PubMed</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 67" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Individual%20and%20combined%20effects%20of%20heavy%20metals%20on%20serum%20biochemistry%20of%20Nile%20tilapia%20Oreochromis%20niloticus&journal=Arch%20Environ%20Contam%20Toxicol&doi=10.1007%2Fs00244-009-9344-5&volume=58&pages=151-157&publication_year=2010&author=Firat%2CO&author=Karg%C4%B1n%2CF"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="68."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR68">Witeska M, Kondera E, Szczygielska K (2010) The effects of cadmium on common carp erythrocyte morphology. Pol J Environ Stud 20:783–788</p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="69."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR69">Islam SMM, Rahman MA, Nahar S, Uddin MH, Haque MM, Shahjahan M (2019) Acute toxicity of an organophosphate insecticide sumithion to striped catfish <i>Pangasianodon hypophthalmus</i>. Toxicol Rep 6:957–962</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.09.004" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.09.004" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.toxrep.2019.09.004" aria-label="Article reference 69" data-doi="10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.09.004">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="pubmed reference" data-track-action="pubmed reference" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=31673497" aria-label="PubMed reference 69">PubMed</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="pubmed central reference" data-track-action="pubmed central reference" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6816137" aria-label="PubMed Central reference 69">PubMed Central</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 69" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Acute%20toxicity%20of%20an%20organophosphate%20insecticide%20sumithion%20to%20striped%20catfish%20Pangasianodon%20hypophthalmus&journal=Toxicol%20Rep&doi=10.1016%2Fj.toxrep.2019.09.004&volume=6&pages=957-962&publication_year=2019&author=Islam%2CSMM&author=Rahman%2CMA&author=Nahar%2CS&author=Uddin%2CMH&author=Haque%2CMM&author=Shahjahan%2CM"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="70."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR70">Ashaf-Ud-Doulah M, Shahjahan M, Islam SMM, Al-Emran M, Rahman MS, Hossain MAR (2019) Thermal stress causes nuclear and cellular abnormalities of peripheral erythrocytes in Indian major carp, rohu <i>Labeo rohita</i>. J Therm Biol 86:102450</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102450" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102450" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jtherbio.2019.102450" aria-label="Article reference 70" data-doi="10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102450">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXitFGntLzK" aria-label="CAS reference 70">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="pubmed reference" data-track-action="pubmed reference" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=31789238" aria-label="PubMed reference 70">PubMed</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 70" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Thermal%20stress%20causes%20nuclear%20and%20cellular%20abnormalities%20of%20peripheral%20erythrocytes%20in%20Indian%20major%20carp%2C%20rohu%20Labeo%20rohita&journal=J%20Therm%20Biol&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jtherbio.2019.102450&volume=86&publication_year=2019&author=Ashaf-Ud-Doulah%2CM&author=Shahjahan%2CM&author=Islam%2CSMM&author=Al-Emran%2CM&author=Rahman%2CMS&author=Hossain%2CMAR"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="71."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR71">Ahmed MK, Kundu GK, Al-Mamun MH, Sarkar SK, Akter MS, Khan MS (2013) Chromium (VI) induced acutetoxicity and genotoxicity in freshwater stinging catfish, <i>Heteropneustes fossilis</i>. Ecotox Environ Safe 92:64–70</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.02.008" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.02.008" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ecoenv.2013.02.008" aria-label="Article reference 71" data-doi="10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.02.008">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXjsFOqs74%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 71">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 71" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Chromium%20%28VI%29%20induced%20acutetoxicity%20and%20genotoxicity%20in%20freshwater%20stinging%20catfish%2C%20Heteropneustes%20fossilis&journal=Ecotox%20Environ%20Safe&doi=10.1016%2Fj.ecoenv.2013.02.008&volume=92&pages=64-70&publication_year=2013&author=Ahmed%2CMK&author=Kundu%2CGK&author=Al-Mamun%2CMH&author=Sarkar%2CSK&author=Akter%2CMS&author=Khan%2CMS"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="72."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR72">Nagpure AS, Gurjar BR, Martel J (2014) Human health risks in national capital territory of Delhi due to air pollution. <i>Atmos Pollut Res</i> 5:371–380</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.5094/APR.2014.043" data-track-item_id="10.5094/APR.2014.043" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.5094%2FAPR.2014.043" aria-label="Article reference 72" data-doi="10.5094/APR.2014.043">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhs1Wnt7zM" aria-label="CAS reference 72">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 72" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Human%20health%20risks%20in%20national%20capital%20territory%20of%20Delhi%20due%20to%20air%20pollution&journal=Atmos%20Pollut%20Res&doi=10.5094%2FAPR.2014.043&volume=5&pages=371-380&publication_year=2014&author=Nagpure%2CAS&author=Gurjar%2CBR&author=Martel%2CJ"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="73."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR73">Hussain R, Mahmood F, Khan A, Javed MT, Rehan S, Mehdi T (2012) Cellular and biochemical effects induced by atrazine on blood of male Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix japonica</i>). Pestic Biochem Physiol 103:38–42</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.pestbp.2012.03.001" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.pestbp.2012.03.001" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pestbp.2012.03.001" aria-label="Article reference 73" data-doi="10.1016/j.pestbp.2012.03.001">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xltl2rsrY%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 73">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 73" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Cellular%20and%20biochemical%20effects%20induced%20by%20atrazine%20on%20blood%20of%20male%20Japanese%20quail%20%28Coturnix%20japonica%29&journal=Pestic%20Biochem%20Physiol&doi=10.1016%2Fj.pestbp.2012.03.001&volume=103&pages=38-42&publication_year=2012&author=Hussain%2CR&author=Mahmood%2CF&author=Khan%2CA&author=Javed%2CMT&author=Rehan%2CS&author=Mehdi%2CT"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="74."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR74">Andreikėnaitė L, Baršienė J, Vosylienė MZ (2007) Studies of micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities in blood of rainbow trout (O<i>ncorhynchus mykiss</i>) treated with heavy metal mixture and road maintenance salts. Acta Zool Litu 17:213–219</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1080/13921657.2007.10512834" data-track-item_id="10.1080/13921657.2007.10512834" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13921657.2007.10512834" aria-label="Article reference 74" data-doi="10.1080/13921657.2007.10512834">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 74" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Studies%20of%20micronuclei%20and%20other%20nuclear%20abnormalities%20in%20blood%20of%20rainbow%20trout%20%28Oncorhynchus%20mykiss%29%20treated%20with%20heavy%20metal%20mixture%20and%20road%20maintenance%20salts&journal=Acta%20Zool%20Litu&doi=10.1080%2F13921657.2007.10512834&volume=17&pages=213-219&publication_year=2007&author=Andreik%C4%97nait%C4%97%2CL&author=Bar%C5%A1ien%C4%97%2CJ&author=Vosylien%C4%97%2CMZ"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="75."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR75">Witeska M (2013) Erythrocytes in teleost fishes: a review. Zool Ecol 23(4):275–281. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/21658005.2013.846963" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1080/21658005.2013.846963">https://doi.org/10.1080/21658005.2013.846963</a></p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1080/21658005.2013.846963" data-track-item_id="10.1080/21658005.2013.846963" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F21658005.2013.846963" aria-label="Article reference 75" data-doi="10.1080/21658005.2013.846963">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 75" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Erythrocytes%20in%20teleost%20fishes%3A%20a%20review&journal=Zool%20Ecol&doi=10.1080%2F21658005.2013.846963&volume=23&issue=4&pages=275-281&publication_year=2013&author=Witeska%2CM"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="76."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR76">Kumar MV (2016) Morphometric studies of blood cells in <i>Cyprinus carpio</i>, <i>Ctenopharyngodan idella</i> and <i>Hypophthalmichthys molitrix</i> cultured fish in west Godavari region of Andhra Pradesh. Int J Fish Aquat Stud 4(5):489–493</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 76" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Morphometric%20studies%20of%20blood%20cells%20in%20Cyprinus%20carpio%2C%20Ctenopharyngodan%20idella%20and%20Hypophthalmichthys%20molitrix%20cultured%20fish%20in%20west%20Godavari%20region%20of%20Andhra%20Pradesh&journal=Int%20J%20Fish%20Aquat%20Stud&volume=4&issue=5&pages=489-493&publication_year=2016&author=Kumar%2CMV"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="77."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR77">Lecklin T, Tuominen A, Nikinmaa M (2000) The adrenergic changes of immature and mature rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) erythrocytes. J Exp Biol 203:3025–3031</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1242/jeb.203.19.3025" data-track-item_id="10.1242/jeb.203.19.3025" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fjeb.203.19.3025" aria-label="Article reference 77" data-doi="10.1242/jeb.203.19.3025">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M%2Fls1Cruw%3D%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 77">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="pubmed reference" data-track-action="pubmed reference" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=10976039" aria-label="PubMed reference 77">PubMed</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 77" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=The%20adrenergic%20changes%20of%20immature%20and%20mature%20rainbow%20trout%20%28Oncorhynchus%20mykiss%29%20erythrocytes&journal=J%20Exp%20Biol&doi=10.1242%2Fjeb.203.19.3025&volume=203&pages=3025-3031&publication_year=2000&author=Lecklin%2CT&author=Tuominen%2CA&author=Nikinmaa%2CM"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="78."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR78">Silveira-Coffigny R, Prieto-Trujillo A, Ascencio-Valle F (2004) Effects of different stressors in haematological variables in cultured <i>Oreochromis aureus</i> S. Comp Biochem Physiol 139C:245–250</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXosFylug%3D%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 78">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 78" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Effects%20of%20different%20stressors%20in%20haematological%20variables%20in%20cultured%20Oreochromis%20aureus%20S&journal=Comp%20Biochem%20Physiol&volume=139C&pages=245-250&publication_year=2004&author=Silveira-Coffigny%2CR&author=Prieto-Trujillo%2CA&author=Ascencio-Valle%2CF"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="79."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR79">Witeska M, Jezierska B, Wolnicki J (2006) Respiratory and hematological response of Tench, <i>Tinca tinca</i> (L.) to a short-term cadmium exposure. Aquac Int 14:141–152</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="noopener" data-track-label="10.1007/s10499-005-9020-3" data-track-item_id="10.1007/s10499-005-9020-3" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1007/s10499-005-9020-3" aria-label="Article reference 79" data-doi="10.1007/s10499-005-9020-3">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XkvFKqug%3D%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 79">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 79" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Respiratory%20and%20hematological%20response%20of%20Tench%2C%20Tinca%20tinca%20%28L.%29%20to%20a%20short-term%20cadmium%20exposure&journal=Aquac%20Int&doi=10.1007%2Fs10499-005-9020-3&volume=14&pages=141-152&publication_year=2006&author=Witeska%2CM&author=Jezierska%2CB&author=Wolnicki%2CJ"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="80."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR80">Candioti JV, Soloneski S, Larramendy ML (2010) Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of the formulated insecticide aficida on <i>Cnesterodon decemmaculatus</i> (Jenyns 1842) (Pisces: Poecillidae). Mutat Res 703:180–186</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.08.018" data-track-item_id="10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.08.018" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.mrgentox.2010.08.018" aria-label="Article reference 80" data-doi="10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.08.018">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhsVGns73K" aria-label="CAS reference 80">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="pubmed reference" data-track-action="pubmed reference" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=20816847" aria-label="PubMed reference 80">PubMed</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 80" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Genotoxic%20and%20cytotoxic%20effects%20of%20the%20formulated%20insecticide%20aficida%20on%20Cnesterodon%20decemmaculatus%20%28Jenyns%201842%29%20%28Pisces%3A%20Poecillidae%29&journal=Mutat%20Res&doi=10.1016%2Fj.mrgentox.2010.08.018&volume=703&pages=180-186&publication_year=2010&author=Candioti%2CJV&author=Soloneski%2CS&author=Larramendy%2CML"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="81."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR81">Stalin A, Suganthi P, Mathivani S, Paray BA, Al-Sadoon MK, Gokula V, Musthafa MS (2019) Impact of chlorpyrifos on behavior and histopathological indices in different tissues of freshwater fish <i>Channa punctatus</i> (Bloch). Environ Sci Pollut Res 26:17623–11763</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="noopener" data-track-label="10.1007/s11356-019-05165-3" data-track-item_id="10.1007/s11356-019-05165-3" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1007/s11356-019-05165-3" aria-label="Article reference 81" data-doi="10.1007/s11356-019-05165-3">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXptFGnurg%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 81">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 81" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Impact%20of%20chlorpyrifos%20on%20behavior%20and%20histopathological%20indices%20in%20different%20tissues%20of%20freshwater%20fish%20Channa%20punctatus%20%28Bloch%29&journal=Environ%20Sci%20Pollut%20Res&doi=10.1007%2Fs11356-019-05165-3&volume=26&pages=17623-11763&publication_year=2019&author=Stalin%2CA&author=Suganthi%2CP&author=Mathivani%2CS&author=Paray%2CBA&author=Al-Sadoon%2CMK&author=Gokula%2CV&author=Musthafa%2CMS"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="82."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR82">Peebua P, Kruatrachuea M, Pokethitiyooka P, Kosiyachinda P (2006) Histological effects of contaminated sediments in Mae Klong river tributaries, Thailand, on Nile tilapia, <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>. Sci Asia 32:143–150</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2006.32.143" data-track-item_id="10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2006.32.143" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.2306%2Fscienceasia1513-1874.2006.32.143" aria-label="Article reference 82" data-doi="10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2006.32.143">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XnvVCjt7o%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 82">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 82" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Histological%20effects%20of%20contaminated%20sediments%20in%20Mae%20Klong%20river%20tributaries%2C%20Thailand%2C%20on%20Nile%20tilapia%2C%20Oreochromis%20niloticus&journal=Sci%20Asia&doi=10.2306%2Fscienceasia1513-1874.2006.32.143&volume=32&pages=143-150&publication_year=2006&author=Peebua%2CP&author=Kruatrachuea%2CM&author=Pokethitiyooka%2CP&author=Kosiyachinda%2CP"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="83."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR83">Vinodhini R, Narayanan M (2009) Heavy metal induced histopathological alterations in selected organs of the <i>Cyprinus carpio</i>L. (Common Carp). Int J Environ Res 3:95–100</p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="84."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR84">Paruruckumani PS, Rajan AM, Ganapiriya V, Kumarasamy PK (2015) Bioaccumulation and ultrastructural alterations of gill and liver in Asian sea bass, <i>Lates calcarifer</i> (Bloch) in sublethal copper exposure. Aquat Living Resour 28:33–44</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1051/alr/2015003" data-track-item_id="10.1051/alr/2015003" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1051%2Falr%2F2015003" aria-label="Article reference 84" data-doi="10.1051/alr/2015003">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXltlartr0%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 84">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 84" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Bioaccumulation%20and%20ultrastructural%20alterations%20of%20gill%20and%20liver%20in%20Asian%20sea%20bass%2C%20Lates%20calcarifer%20%28Bloch%29%20in%20sublethal%20copper%20exposure&journal=Aquat%20Living%20Resour&doi=10.1051%2Falr%2F2015003&volume=28&pages=33-44&publication_year=2015&author=Paruruckumani%2CPS&author=Rajan%2CAM&author=Ganapiriya%2CV&author=Kumarasamy%2CPK"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="85."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR85">Triebskorn R, Telcean I, Casper H, Farkas A, Sandu C (2008) Monitoring pollution in River Mures, Romania, part II: metal accumulation and histopathology in fish. Environ Monit Assess 141:177–188</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="noopener" data-track-label="10.1007/s10661-007-9886-9" data-track-item_id="10.1007/s10661-007-9886-9" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1007/s10661-007-9886-9" aria-label="Article reference 85" data-doi="10.1007/s10661-007-9886-9">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXlsVKhsbw%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 85">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="pubmed reference" data-track-action="pubmed reference" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17876715" aria-label="PubMed reference 85">PubMed</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 85" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Monitoring%20pollution%20in%20River%20Mures%2C%20Romania%2C%20part%20II%3A%20metal%20accumulation%20and%20histopathology%20in%20fish&journal=Environ%20Monit%20Assess&doi=10.1007%2Fs10661-007-9886-9&volume=141&pages=177-188&publication_year=2008&author=Triebskorn%2CR&author=Telcean%2CI&author=Casper%2CH&author=Farkas%2CA&author=Sandu%2CC"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="86."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR86">Marina MP, Martinez BR (2007) Histopathology of gills, kidney and liver of a neotropical fish caged in an urban stream. Neotrop Ichthyol 5:327–336</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1590/S1679-62252007000300013" data-track-item_id="10.1590/S1679-62252007000300013" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1590%2FS1679-62252007000300013" aria-label="Article reference 86" data-doi="10.1590/S1679-62252007000300013">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 86" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Histopathology%20of%20gills%2C%20kidney%20and%20liver%20of%20a%20neotropical%20fish%20caged%20in%20an%20urban%20stream&journal=Neotrop%20Ichthyol&doi=10.1590%2FS1679-62252007000300013&volume=5&pages=327-336&publication_year=2007&author=Marina%2CMP&author=Martinez%2CBR"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="87."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR87">Cengiz EI, Unlu E (2003) Histopathology of gills in mosquito fish, <i>Gambusia affinis</i> after long-term exposure to sublethal concentrations of malathion. J Environ Sci Health A 38:581–589</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1081/PFC-120023516" data-track-item_id="10.1081/PFC-120023516" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1081%2FPFC-120023516" aria-label="Article reference 87" data-doi="10.1081/PFC-120023516">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:STN:280:DC%2BD3szpt1aktQ%3D%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 87">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 87" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Histopathology%20of%20gills%20in%20mosquito%20fish%2C%20Gambusia%20affinis%20after%20long-term%20exposure%20to%20sublethal%20concentrations%20of%20malathion&journal=J%20Environ%20Sci%20Health%20A&doi=10.1081%2FPFC-120023516&volume=38&pages=581-589&publication_year=2003&author=Cengiz%2CEI&author=Unlu%2CE"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="88."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR88">Bernet D, Schmidt-Posthaus H, Wahli T, Burkhardt-Holm P (2004) Histological alterations in fish. Hydrobiologia 524:53–66</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1023/B:HYDR.0000036196.84682.27" data-track-item_id="10.1023/B:HYDR.0000036196.84682.27" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FB%3AHYDR.0000036196.84682.27" aria-label="Article reference 88" data-doi="10.1023/B:HYDR.0000036196.84682.27">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 88" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Histological%20alterations%20in%20fish&journal=Hydrobiologia&doi=10.1023%2FB%3AHYDR.0000036196.84682.27&volume=524&pages=53-66&publication_year=2004&author=Bernet%2CD&author=Schmidt-Posthaus%2CH&author=Wahli%2CT&author=Burkhardt-Holm%2CP"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="89."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR89">Van Dyk JC, Marchand MJ, Smit NJ, Pieterse GM (2009) A histologybased fish health assessment of four commercially and ecologically important species from the Okavango Delta panhandle, Botswana. Afr J Aquat Sci 34:273–282</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.2989/AJAS.2009.34.3.9.985" data-track-item_id="10.2989/AJAS.2009.34.3.9.985" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.2989%2FAJAS.2009.34.3.9.985" aria-label="Article reference 89" data-doi="10.2989/AJAS.2009.34.3.9.985">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 89" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=A%20histologybased%20fish%20health%20assessment%20of%20four%20commercially%20and%20ecologically%20important%20species%20from%20the%20Okavango%20Delta%20panhandle%2C%20Botswana&journal=Afr%20J%20Aquat%20Sci&doi=10.2989%2FAJAS.2009.34.3.9.985&volume=34&pages=273-282&publication_year=2009&author=Dyk%2CJC&author=Marchand%2CMJ&author=Smit%2CNJ&author=Pieterse%2CGM"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="90."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR90">Roberts JR, Rodgers DW, Baily JR, Rorke MA (1978) Polychlorinated biphenyls: biological criteria for an assessment of their effects on environmental quality. Nat Res Council of Canada, Publ No NRCC 16077, Ottawa</p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="91."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR91">Fernandes C, Fontaínhas-Fernandes A, Rocha E, M Salgado MA (2008) Monitoring pollution in Esmoriz–Paramos lagoon, Portugal: Liver histological and biochemical effects in Liza saliens. Environ Monit Assess 145 (1–3):315–322</p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="92."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR92">Olojo EAA, Olurin KB, Mbaka G, Oluwemimio AD (2005) Histopathology of the gill and liver tissues of the African catfish, <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> exposed to lead. Afr J Biotechnol 4:117–122</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXivFygu7k%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 92">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 92" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Histopathology%20of%20the%20gill%20and%20liver%20tissues%20of%20the%20African%20catfish%2C%20Clarias%20gariepinus%20exposed%20to%20lead&journal=Afr%20J%20Biotechnol&volume=4&pages=117-122&publication_year=2005&author=Olojo%2CEAA&author=Olurin%2CKB&author=Mbaka%2CG&author=Oluwemimio%2CAD"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="93."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR93">Figueiredo-Fernandes A, Ferreira-Cardoso JV, Garcia-Santos S, Monteiro SM, Carrola J, Matos P, Fontaínhas-Fernandes A (2007) Histopathological changes in liver and gill epithelium of Nile tilapia, <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>, exposed to waterborne copper. Pesqui Vet Bras 27:103–109</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1590/S0100-736X2007000300004" data-track-item_id="10.1590/S0100-736X2007000300004" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1590%2FS0100-736X2007000300004" aria-label="Article reference 93" data-doi="10.1590/S0100-736X2007000300004">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 93" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Histopathological%20changes%20in%20liver%20and%20gill%20epithelium%20of%20Nile%20tilapia%2C%20Oreochromis%20niloticus%2C%20exposed%20to%20waterborne%20copper&journal=Pesqui%20Vet%20Bras&doi=10.1590%2FS0100-736X2007000300004&volume=27&pages=103-109&publication_year=2007&author=Figueiredo-Fernandes%2CA&author=Ferreira-Cardoso%2CJV&author=Garcia-Santos%2CS&author=Monteiro%2CSM&author=Carrola%2CJ&author=Matos%2CP&author=Fonta%C3%ADnhas-Fernandes%2CA"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="94."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR94">Carrola J, Fontainhas-Fernandes A, Matos P, Rocha E (2009) Liver histopathology in brown trout (<i>Salmotrutta fario</i>) from the Tinhela River, subjected to mine drainage from the abandoned Jales Mine (Portugal). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 83:35–41</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="noopener" data-track-label="10.1007/s00128-009-9726-4" data-track-item_id="10.1007/s00128-009-9726-4" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1007/s00128-009-9726-4" aria-label="Article reference 94" data-doi="10.1007/s00128-009-9726-4">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXmslyhs74%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 94">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="pubmed reference" data-track-action="pubmed reference" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=19390757" aria-label="PubMed reference 94">PubMed</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 94" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Liver%20histopathology%20in%20brown%20trout%20%28Salmotrutta%20fario%29%20from%20the%20Tinhela%20River%2C%20subjected%20to%20mine%20drainage%20from%20the%20abandoned%20Jales%20Mine%20%28Portugal%29&journal=Bull%20Environ%20Contam%20Toxicol&doi=10.1007%2Fs00128-009-9726-4&volume=83&pages=35-41&publication_year=2009&author=Carrola%2CJ&author=Fontainhas-Fernandes%2CA&author=Matos%2CP&author=Rocha%2CE"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="95."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR95">Velcheva I, Tomova E, Arnaudova D, Arnaudov A (2010) Morphological variations on gill and liver of freshwater fish from dam lake “StudenKladenetes”. Bulg J Agric Sci 16:364–368</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 95" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Morphological%20variations%20on%20gill%20and%20liver%20of%20freshwater%20fish%20from%20dam%20lake%20%E2%80%9CStudenKladenetes%E2%80%9D&journal=Bulg%20J%20Agric%20Sci&volume=16&pages=364-368&publication_year=2010&author=Velcheva%2CI&author=Tomova%2CE&author=Arnaudova%2CD&author=Arnaudov%2CA"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="96."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR96">Bilal A, Qureshi TA, Susan M, Pinky K, Rumysa K (2011) Effect of cadmium chloride on the histoarchitecture of liver and kidney of a freshwater catfish, <i>Clarias batrachus</i>. Int J Environ Sci 2:531–536</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 96" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Effect%20of%20cadmium%20chloride%20on%20the%20histoarchitecture%20of%20liver%20and%20kidney%20of%20a%20freshwater%20catfish%2C%20Clarias%20batrachus&journal=Int%20J%20Environ%20Sci&volume=2&pages=531-536&publication_year=2011&author=Bilal%2CA&author=Qureshi%2CTA&author=Susan%2CM&author=Pinky%2CK&author=Rumysa%2CK"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="97."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR97">Kaptaner B, Kankaya E, Dogan A, Celik I (2014) Histopathology and oxidative stress in the liver of <i>Chalcalburnus tarichi</i> living in lake Van, Turkey. Life Sci J 11:66–77</p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="98."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR98">Mohamed FA (2001) Impacts of environmental pollution in the southern region of Lake Manzalah, Egypt, on the histological structures of the liver and intestine of <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> and Tilapia zillii. J Egypt Acade Soc Environ Dev 2:25–42</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 98" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Impacts%20of%20environmental%20pollution%20in%20the%20southern%20region%20of%20Lake%20Manzalah%2C%20Egypt%2C%20on%20the%20histological%20structures%20of%20the%20liver%20and%20intestine%20of%20Oreochromis%20niloticus%20and%20Tilapia%20zillii&journal=J%20Egypt%20Acade%20Soc%20Environ%20Dev&volume=2&pages=25-42&publication_year=2001&author=Mohamed%2CFA"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="99."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR99">Abdel-warith AA, Younis EM, Al-asgah NA, Wahbi OM (2011) Effect of zinc toxicity on liver histology of Nile tilapia, <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>. Sci Res Essays 6:3760–3769</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.5897/SRE11.883" data-track-item_id="10.5897/SRE11.883" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.5897%2FSRE11.883" aria-label="Article reference 99" data-doi="10.5897/SRE11.883">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhsVyqt73K" aria-label="CAS reference 99">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 99" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Effect%20of%20zinc%20toxicity%20on%20liver%20histology%20of%20Nile%20tilapia%2C%20Oreochromis%20niloticus&journal=Sci%20Res%20Essays&doi=10.5897%2FSRE11.883&volume=6&pages=3760-3769&publication_year=2011&author=Abdel-warith%2CAA&author=Younis%2CEM&author=Al-asgah%2CNA&author=Wahbi%2COM"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="100."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR100">Ortiz JB, De Canales MLG, Sarasquete C (2003) Histopathological changes induced by lindane (HCH) in various organs of fishes. Sci Mar 67:53–61</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.3989/scimar.2003.67n153" data-track-item_id="10.3989/scimar.2003.67n153" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.3989%2Fscimar.2003.67n153" aria-label="Article reference 100" data-doi="10.3989/scimar.2003.67n153">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXjvVShtb8%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 100">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 100" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Histopathological%20changes%20induced%20by%20lindane%20%28HCH%29%20in%20various%20organs%20of%20fishes&journal=Sci%20Mar&doi=10.3989%2Fscimar.2003.67n153&volume=67&pages=53-61&publication_year=2003&author=Ortiz%2CJB&author=Canales%2CMLG&author=Sarasquete%2CC"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="101."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR101">Kirubagaran R, Joy KP (1988) Toxic effects of mercuric chloride, methylmercuric chloride and emisan 6 (an organic mercurial fungicide) on ovarian recrudescence in the catfish <i>Clarias barachus</i> (L.). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 41:902–909</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="noopener" data-track-label="10.1007/BF02021053" data-track-item_id="10.1007/BF02021053" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1007/BF02021053" aria-label="Article reference 101" data-doi="10.1007/BF02021053">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXlt1KjsA%3D%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 101">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="pubmed reference" data-track-action="pubmed reference" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=3148347" aria-label="PubMed reference 101">PubMed</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 101" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Toxic%20effects%20of%20mercuric%20chloride%2C%20methylmercuric%20chloride%20and%20emisan%206%20%28an%20organic%20mercurial%20fungicide%29%20on%20ovarian%20recrudescence%20in%20the%20catfish%20Clarias%20barachus%20%28L.%29&journal=Bull%20Environ%20Contam%20Toxicol&doi=10.1007%2FBF02021053&volume=41&pages=902-909&publication_year=1988&author=Kirubagaran%2CR&author=Joy%2CKP"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="102."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR102">Murugan V, Selvanayagam M, Cengiz EI, Unlu E (2007) The effects of fenvalerate on different tissues of freshwater fish <i>Cirrhinus mrigala</i>. J Environ Sci Health Part B 42:157–163</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1080/03601230601123292" data-track-item_id="10.1080/03601230601123292" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03601230601123292" aria-label="Article reference 102" data-doi="10.1080/03601230601123292">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhvFGgtbk%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 102">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 102" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=The%20effects%20of%20fenvalerate%20on%20different%20tissues%20of%20freshwater%20fish%20Cirrhinus%20mrigala&journal=J%20Environ%20Sci%20Health%20Part%20B&doi=10.1080%2F03601230601123292&volume=42&pages=157-163&publication_year=2007&author=Murugan%2CV&author=Selvanayagam%2CM&author=Cengiz%2CEI&author=Unlu%2CE"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="103."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR103">Hontela A (1998) Interrenal dysfunction in fish from contaminated sites: in vivo and in vitro assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 17:44–48</p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1002/etc.5620170107" data-track-item_id="10.1002/etc.5620170107" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fetc.5620170107" aria-label="Article reference 103" data-doi="10.1002/etc.5620170107">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" data-track-value="cas reference" data-track-action="cas reference" href="/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXhtlehuw%3D%3D" aria-label="CAS reference 103">CAS</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 103" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Interrenal%20dysfunction%20in%20fish%20from%20contaminated%20sites%3A%20in%20vivo%20and%20in%20vitro%20assessment&journal=Environ%20Toxicol%20Chem&doi=10.1002%2Fetc.5620170107&volume=17&pages=44-48&publication_year=1998&author=Hontela%2CA"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="104."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR104">Levesque H, Dorval J, Van Der Kraak G, Campbell PGC, Hontela A (2003) Hormonal, morphological and physiological responses of yellow perch (<i>Perca flavescens</i>) to chronic environmental metal exposure. J Toxicol Environ Health 66:657–676</p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="105."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR105">Buxton GV, Greenstock CL, Helman WP, Ross AB (1988) Critical review of rate constants for reactions of hydrated electrons, hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl radicals (OH/O-) in aqueous solutions. J Phys Chern Ref Data 17:513–886</p></li><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="106."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR106">Abbas HHH, Mahmoud HM, Miller JD (2007) Vitamin C and cadmium toxicity in fish <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>. Online J Vet Res 11:54–74</p></li></ol><p class="c-article-references__download u-hide-print"><a data-track="click" data-track-action="download citation references" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow" href="https://citation-needed.springer.com/v2/references/10.1007/s12011-020-02490-4?format=refman&flavour=references">Download references<svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-download-medium"></use></svg></a></p></div></div></div></section></div><section data-title="Acknowledgments"><div class="c-article-section" id="Ack1-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="Ack1">Acknowledgments</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="Ack1-content"><p>We are really grateful to Rayeda Jannat for her help in sampling and technical assistance.</p></div></div></section><section data-title="Funding"><div class="c-article-section" id="Fun-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="Fun">Funding</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="Fun-content"><p>This study was supported by the grants from the NATP-II, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (CRG-364) and Ministry of Education of Bangladesh (2017/503/MoE) to the corresponding author (Md. Shahjahan).</p></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="author-information" data-title="Author information"><div class="c-article-section" id="author-information-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="author-information">Author information</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="author-information-content"><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="affiliations">Authors and Affiliations</h3><ol class="c-article-author-affiliation__list"><li id="Aff1"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Department of Fisheries Management, Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Sajida Akter Suchana, Md Shaker Ahmed, S. M. Majharul Islam, Muhammad Lutfar Rahman, Mst Kaniz Fatema & Md Shahjahan</p></li><li id="Aff2"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Department of Genetics and Fish Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Muhammad Lutfar Rahman</p></li><li id="Aff3"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Md Fazle Rohani</p></li><li id="Aff4"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Tanzina Ferdusi & A. K. Shakur Ahmmad</p></li><li id="Aff5"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Muhammad Badruzzaman</p></li></ol><div class="u-js-hide u-hide-print" data-test="author-info"><span class="c-article__sub-heading">Authors</span><ol class="c-article-authors-search u-list-reset"><li id="auth-Sajida_Akter-Suchana-Aff1"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Sajida Akter Suchana</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Sajida%20Akter%20Suchana" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Sajida%20Akter%20Suchana" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Sajida%20Akter%20Suchana%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-Md_Shaker-Ahmed-Aff1"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Md Shaker Ahmed</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Md%20Shaker%20Ahmed" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Md%20Shaker%20Ahmed" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Md%20Shaker%20Ahmed%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-S__M__Majharul-Islam-Aff1"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">S. M. Majharul Islam</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=S.%20M.%20Majharul%20Islam" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=S.%20M.%20Majharul%20Islam" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22S.%20M.%20Majharul%20Islam%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-Muhammad_Lutfar-Rahman-Aff1-Aff2"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Muhammad Lutfar Rahman</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Muhammad%20Lutfar%20Rahman" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Muhammad%20Lutfar%20Rahman" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Muhammad%20Lutfar%20Rahman%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-Md_Fazle-Rohani-Aff3"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Md Fazle Rohani</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Md%20Fazle%20Rohani" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Md%20Fazle%20Rohani" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Md%20Fazle%20Rohani%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-Tanzina-Ferdusi-Aff4"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Tanzina Ferdusi</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Tanzina%20Ferdusi" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Tanzina%20Ferdusi" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Tanzina%20Ferdusi%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-A__K__Shakur-Ahmmad-Aff4"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">A. K. Shakur Ahmmad</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=A.%20K.%20Shakur%20Ahmmad" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=A.%20K.%20Shakur%20Ahmmad" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22A.%20K.%20Shakur%20Ahmmad%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-Mst_Kaniz-Fatema-Aff1"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Mst Kaniz Fatema</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Mst%20Kaniz%20Fatema" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Mst%20Kaniz%20Fatema" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Mst%20Kaniz%20Fatema%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-Muhammad-Badruzzaman-Aff5"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Muhammad Badruzzaman</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Muhammad%20Badruzzaman" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Muhammad%20Badruzzaman" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Muhammad%20Badruzzaman%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li><li id="auth-Md-Shahjahan-Aff1"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Md Shahjahan</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Md%20Shahjahan" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - publication" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">View author publications</a></div><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--right"><p class="search-in-title-js c-article-authors-search__text">You can also search for this author in <span class="c-article-identifiers"><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Md%20Shahjahan" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - pubmed" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a><span class="u-hide"> </span><a class="c-article-identifiers__item" href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Md%20Shahjahan%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - scholar" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li></ol></div><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="contributions">Contributions</h3><p>Suchana, Ahmed, and Islam performed the experiments and collected data. Rahman and Rohani drafted the manuscript. Ferdusi assisted in data collection. Ahmmad, Fatema, and Badruzzaman were assisted in data analysis and edited the manuscript. Md. Shahjahan assisted in the experimental design and edited the manuscript. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.</p><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="corresponding-author">Corresponding author</h3><p id="corresponding-author-list">Correspondence to <a id="corresp-c1" href="mailto:mdshahjahan@bau.edu.bd">Md Shahjahan</a>.</p></div></div></section><section data-title="Ethics declarations"><div class="c-article-section" id="ethics-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="ethics">Ethics declarations</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="ethics-content"> <h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="FPar1">Ethics Approval</h3> <p>The experimental procedures followed the guidance approved by the animal care and use committee of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh (Approval Number: BAU-FoF/2019/007).</p> <h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="FPar2">Conflict of Interest</h3> <p>The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.</p> </div></div></section><section data-title="Additional information"><div class="c-article-section" id="additional-information-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="additional-information">Additional information</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="additional-information-content"><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading">Publisher’s Note</h3><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></div></div></section><section data-title="Rights and permissions"><div class="c-article-section" id="rightslink-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="rightslink">Rights and permissions</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="rightslink-content"><p class="c-article-rights"><a data-track="click" data-track-action="view rights and permissions" data-track-label="link" href="https://s100.copyright.com/AppDispatchServlet?title=Chromium%20Exposure%20Causes%20Structural%20Aberrations%20of%20Erythrocytes%2C%20Gills%2C%20Liver%2C%20Kidney%2C%20and%20Genetic%20Damage%20in%20Striped%20Catfish%20Pangasianodon%20hypophthalmus&author=Sajida%20Akter%20Suchana%20et%20al&contentID=10.1007%2Fs12011-020-02490-4&copyright=Springer%20Science%2BBusiness%20Media%2C%20LLC%2C%20part%20of%20Springer%20Nature&publication=0163-4984&publicationDate=2020-11-18&publisherName=SpringerNature&orderBeanReset=true">Reprints and permissions</a></p></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="article-info" data-title="About this article"><div class="c-article-section" id="article-info-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="article-info">About this article</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="article-info-content"><div class="c-bibliographic-information"><div class="u-hide-print c-bibliographic-information__column c-bibliographic-information__column--border"><a data-crossmark="10.1007/s12011-020-02490-4" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1007/s12011-020-02490-4" data-track="click" data-track-action="Click Crossmark" data-track-label="link" data-test="crossmark"><img loading="lazy" width="57" height="81" alt="Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,<svg height="81" width="57" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="m17.35 35.45 21.3-14.2v-17.03h-21.3" fill="#989898"/><path d="m38.65 35.45-21.3-14.2v-17.03h21.3" fill="#747474"/><path d="m28 .5c-12.98 0-23.5 10.52-23.5 23.5s10.52 23.5 23.5 23.5 23.5-10.52 23.5-23.5c0-6.23-2.48-12.21-6.88-16.62-4.41-4.4-10.39-6.88-16.62-6.88zm0 41.25c-9.8 0-17.75-7.95-17.75-17.75s7.95-17.75 17.75-17.75 17.75 7.95 17.75 17.75c0 4.71-1.87 9.22-5.2 12.55s-7.84 5.2-12.55 5.2z" fill="#535353"/><path d="m41 36c-5.81 6.23-15.23 7.45-22.43 2.9-7.21-4.55-10.16-13.57-7.03-21.5l-4.92-3.11c-4.95 10.7-1.19 23.42 8.78 29.71 9.97 6.3 23.07 4.22 30.6-4.86z" fill="#9c9c9c"/><path d="m.2 58.45c0-.75.11-1.42.33-2.01s.52-1.09.91-1.5c.38-.41.83-.73 1.34-.94.51-.22 1.06-.32 1.65-.32.56 0 1.06.11 1.51.35.44.23.81.5 1.1.81l-.91 1.01c-.24-.24-.49-.42-.75-.56-.27-.13-.58-.2-.93-.2-.39 0-.73.08-1.05.23-.31.16-.58.37-.81.66-.23.28-.41.63-.53 1.04-.13.41-.19.88-.19 1.39 0 1.04.23 1.86.68 2.46.45.59 1.06.88 1.84.88.41 0 .77-.07 1.07-.23s.59-.39.85-.68l.91 1c-.38.43-.8.76-1.28.99-.47.22-1 .34-1.58.34-.59 0-1.13-.1-1.64-.31-.5-.2-.94-.51-1.31-.91-.38-.4-.67-.9-.88-1.48-.22-.59-.33-1.26-.33-2.02zm8.4-5.33h1.61v2.54l-.05 1.33c.29-.27.61-.51.96-.72s.76-.31 1.24-.31c.73 0 1.27.23 1.61.71.33.47.5 1.14.5 2.02v4.31h-1.61v-4.1c0-.57-.08-.97-.25-1.21-.17-.23-.45-.35-.83-.35-.3 0-.56.08-.79.22-.23.15-.49.36-.78.64v4.8h-1.61zm7.37 6.45c0-.56.09-1.06.26-1.51.18-.45.42-.83.71-1.14.29-.3.63-.54 1.01-.71.39-.17.78-.25 1.18-.25.47 0 .88.08 1.23.24.36.16.65.38.89.67s.42.63.54 1.03c.12.41.18.84.18 1.32 0 .32-.02.57-.07.76h-4.36c.07.62.29 1.1.65 1.44.36.33.82.5 1.38.5.29 0 .57-.04.83-.13s.51-.21.76-.37l.55 1.01c-.33.21-.69.39-1.09.53-.41.14-.83.21-1.26.21-.48 0-.92-.08-1.34-.25-.41-.16-.76-.4-1.07-.7-.31-.31-.55-.69-.72-1.13-.18-.44-.26-.95-.26-1.52zm4.6-.62c0-.55-.11-.98-.34-1.28-.23-.31-.58-.47-1.06-.47-.41 0-.77.15-1.07.45-.31.29-.5.73-.58 1.3zm2.5.62c0-.57.09-1.08.28-1.53.18-.44.43-.82.75-1.13s.69-.54 1.1-.71c.42-.16.85-.24 1.31-.24.45 0 .84.08 1.17.23s.61.34.85.57l-.77 1.02c-.19-.16-.38-.28-.56-.37-.19-.09-.39-.14-.61-.14-.56 0-1.01.21-1.35.63-.35.41-.52.97-.52 1.67 0 .69.17 1.24.51 1.66.34.41.78.62 1.32.62.28 0 .54-.06.78-.17.24-.12.45-.26.64-.42l.67 1.03c-.33.29-.69.51-1.08.65-.39.15-.78.23-1.18.23-.46 0-.9-.08-1.31-.24-.4-.16-.75-.39-1.05-.7s-.53-.69-.7-1.13c-.17-.45-.25-.96-.25-1.53zm6.91-6.45h1.58v6.17h.05l2.54-3.16h1.77l-2.35 2.8 2.59 4.07h-1.75l-1.77-2.98-1.08 1.23v1.75h-1.58zm13.69 1.27c-.25-.11-.5-.17-.75-.17-.58 0-.87.39-.87 1.16v.75h1.34v1.27h-1.34v5.6h-1.61v-5.6h-.92v-1.2l.92-.07v-.72c0-.35.04-.68.13-.98.08-.31.21-.57.4-.79s.42-.39.71-.51c.28-.12.63-.18 1.04-.18.24 0 .48.02.69.07.22.05.41.1.57.17zm.48 5.18c0-.57.09-1.08.27-1.53.17-.44.41-.82.72-1.13.3-.31.65-.54 1.04-.71.39-.16.8-.24 1.23-.24s.84.08 1.24.24c.4.17.74.4 1.04.71s.54.69.72 1.13c.19.45.28.96.28 1.53s-.09 1.08-.28 1.53c-.18.44-.42.82-.72 1.13s-.64.54-1.04.7-.81.24-1.24.24-.84-.08-1.23-.24-.74-.39-1.04-.7c-.31-.31-.55-.69-.72-1.13-.18-.45-.27-.96-.27-1.53zm1.65 0c0 .69.14 1.24.43 1.66.28.41.68.62 1.18.62.51 0 .9-.21 1.19-.62.29-.42.44-.97.44-1.66 0-.7-.15-1.26-.44-1.67-.29-.42-.68-.63-1.19-.63-.5 0-.9.21-1.18.63-.29.41-.43.97-.43 1.67zm6.48-3.44h1.33l.12 1.21h.05c.24-.44.54-.79.88-1.02.35-.24.7-.36 1.07-.36.32 0 .59.05.78.14l-.28 1.4-.33-.09c-.11-.01-.23-.02-.38-.02-.27 0-.56.1-.86.31s-.55.58-.77 1.1v4.2h-1.61zm-47.87 15h1.61v4.1c0 .57.08.97.25 1.2.17.24.44.35.81.35.3 0 .57-.07.8-.22.22-.15.47-.39.73-.73v-4.7h1.61v6.87h-1.32l-.12-1.01h-.04c-.3.36-.63.64-.98.86-.35.21-.76.32-1.24.32-.73 0-1.27-.24-1.61-.71-.33-.47-.5-1.14-.5-2.02zm9.46 7.43v2.16h-1.61v-9.59h1.33l.12.72h.05c.29-.24.61-.45.97-.63.35-.17.72-.26 1.1-.26.43 0 .81.08 1.15.24.33.17.61.4.84.71.24.31.41.68.53 1.11.13.42.19.91.19 1.44 0 .59-.09 1.11-.25 1.57-.16.47-.38.85-.65 1.16-.27.32-.58.56-.94.73-.35.16-.72.25-1.1.25-.3 0-.6-.07-.9-.2s-.59-.31-.87-.56zm0-2.3c.26.22.5.37.73.45.24.09.46.13.66.13.46 0 .84-.2 1.15-.6.31-.39.46-.98.46-1.77 0-.69-.12-1.22-.35-1.61-.23-.38-.61-.57-1.13-.57-.49 0-.99.26-1.52.77zm5.87-1.69c0-.56.08-1.06.25-1.51.16-.45.37-.83.65-1.14.27-.3.58-.54.93-.71s.71-.25 1.08-.25c.39 0 .73.07 1 .2.27.14.54.32.81.55l-.06-1.1v-2.49h1.61v9.88h-1.33l-.11-.74h-.06c-.25.25-.54.46-.88.64-.33.18-.69.27-1.06.27-.87 0-1.56-.32-2.07-.95s-.76-1.51-.76-2.65zm1.67-.01c0 .74.13 1.31.4 1.7.26.38.65.58 1.15.58.51 0 .99-.26 1.44-.77v-3.21c-.24-.21-.48-.36-.7-.45-.23-.08-.46-.12-.7-.12-.45 0-.82.19-1.13.59-.31.39-.46.95-.46 1.68zm6.35 1.59c0-.73.32-1.3.97-1.71.64-.4 1.67-.68 3.08-.84 0-.17-.02-.34-.07-.51-.05-.16-.12-.3-.22-.43s-.22-.22-.38-.3c-.15-.06-.34-.1-.58-.1-.34 0-.68.07-1 .2s-.63.29-.93.47l-.59-1.08c.39-.24.81-.45 1.28-.63.47-.17.99-.26 1.54-.26.86 0 1.51.25 1.93.76s.63 1.25.63 2.21v4.07h-1.32l-.12-.76h-.05c-.3.27-.63.48-.98.66s-.73.27-1.14.27c-.61 0-1.1-.19-1.48-.56-.38-.36-.57-.85-.57-1.46zm1.57-.12c0 .3.09.53.27.67.19.14.42.21.71.21.28 0 .54-.07.77-.2s.48-.31.73-.56v-1.54c-.47.06-.86.13-1.18.23-.31.09-.57.19-.76.31s-.33.25-.41.4c-.09.15-.13.31-.13.48zm6.29-3.63h-.98v-1.2l1.06-.07.2-1.88h1.34v1.88h1.75v1.27h-1.75v3.28c0 .8.32 1.2.97 1.2.12 0 .24-.01.37-.04.12-.03.24-.07.34-.11l.28 1.19c-.19.06-.4.12-.64.17-.23.05-.49.08-.76.08-.4 0-.74-.06-1.02-.18-.27-.13-.49-.3-.67-.52-.17-.21-.3-.48-.37-.78-.08-.3-.12-.64-.12-1.01zm4.36 2.17c0-.56.09-1.06.27-1.51s.41-.83.71-1.14c.29-.3.63-.54 1.01-.71.39-.17.78-.25 1.18-.25.47 0 .88.08 1.23.24.36.16.65.38.89.67s.42.63.54 1.03c.12.41.18.84.18 1.32 0 .32-.02.57-.07.76h-4.37c.08.62.29 1.1.65 1.44.36.33.82.5 1.38.5.3 0 .58-.04.84-.13.25-.09.51-.21.76-.37l.54 1.01c-.32.21-.69.39-1.09.53s-.82.21-1.26.21c-.47 0-.92-.08-1.33-.25-.41-.16-.77-.4-1.08-.7-.3-.31-.54-.69-.72-1.13-.17-.44-.26-.95-.26-1.52zm4.61-.62c0-.55-.11-.98-.34-1.28-.23-.31-.58-.47-1.06-.47-.41 0-.77.15-1.08.45-.31.29-.5.73-.57 1.3zm3.01 2.23c.31.24.61.43.92.57.3.13.63.2.98.2.38 0 .65-.08.83-.23s.27-.35.27-.6c0-.14-.05-.26-.13-.37-.08-.1-.2-.2-.34-.28-.14-.09-.29-.16-.47-.23l-.53-.22c-.23-.09-.46-.18-.69-.3-.23-.11-.44-.24-.62-.4s-.33-.35-.45-.55c-.12-.21-.18-.46-.18-.75 0-.61.23-1.1.68-1.49.44-.38 1.06-.57 1.83-.57.48 0 .91.08 1.29.25s.71.36.99.57l-.74.98c-.24-.17-.49-.32-.73-.42-.25-.11-.51-.16-.78-.16-.35 0-.6.07-.76.21-.17.15-.25.33-.25.54 0 .14.04.26.12.36s.18.18.31.26c.14.07.29.14.46.21l.54.19c.23.09.47.18.7.29s.44.24.64.4c.19.16.34.35.46.58.11.23.17.5.17.82 0 .3-.06.58-.17.83-.12.26-.29.48-.51.68-.23.19-.51.34-.84.45-.34.11-.72.17-1.15.17-.48 0-.95-.09-1.41-.27-.46-.19-.86-.41-1.2-.68z" fill="#535353"/></g></svg>"></a></div><div class="c-bibliographic-information__column"><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="citeas">Cite this article</h3><p class="c-bibliographic-information__citation">Suchana, S.A., Ahmed, M.S., Islam, S.M.M. <i>et al.</i> Chromium Exposure Causes Structural Aberrations of Erythrocytes, Gills, Liver, Kidney, and Genetic Damage in Striped Catfish <i>Pangasianodon hypophthalmus</i>. <i>Biol Trace Elem Res</i> <b>199</b>, 3869–3885 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02490-4</p><p class="c-bibliographic-information__download-citation u-hide-print"><a data-test="citation-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="download article citation" data-track-label="link" data-track-external="" rel="nofollow" href="https://citation-needed.springer.com/v2/references/10.1007/s12011-020-02490-4?format=refman&flavour=citation">Download citation<svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-download-medium"></use></svg></a></p><ul class="c-bibliographic-information__list" data-test="publication-history"><li class="c-bibliographic-information__list-item"><p>Received<span class="u-hide">: </span><span class="c-bibliographic-information__value"><time datetime="2020-10-07">07 October 2020</time></span></p></li><li class="c-bibliographic-information__list-item"><p>Accepted<span class="u-hide">: </span><span class="c-bibliographic-information__value"><time datetime="2020-11-09">09 November 2020</time></span></p></li><li class="c-bibliographic-information__list-item"><p>Published<span class="u-hide">: </span><span class="c-bibliographic-information__value"><time datetime="2020-11-18">18 November 2020</time></span></p></li><li class="c-bibliographic-information__list-item"><p>Issue Date<span class="u-hide">: </span><span class="c-bibliographic-information__value"><time datetime="2021-10">October 2021</time></span></p></li><li class="c-bibliographic-information__list-item c-bibliographic-information__list-item--full-width"><p><abbr title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</abbr><span class="u-hide">: </span><span class="c-bibliographic-information__value">https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02490-4</span></p></li></ul><div data-component="share-box"><div class="c-article-share-box u-display-none" hidden=""><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading">Share this article</h3><p class="c-article-share-box__description">Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:</p><button class="js-get-share-url c-article-share-box__button" type="button" id="get-share-url" data-track="click" data-track-label="button" data-track-external="" data-track-action="get shareable link">Get shareable link</button><div class="js-no-share-url-container u-display-none" hidden=""><p class="js-c-article-share-box__no-sharelink-info c-article-share-box__no-sharelink-info">Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.</p></div><div class="js-share-url-container u-display-none" hidden=""><p class="js-share-url c-article-share-box__only-read-input" id="share-url" data-track="click" data-track-label="button" data-track-action="select share url"></p><button class="js-copy-share-url c-article-share-box__button--link-like" type="button" id="copy-share-url" data-track="click" data-track-label="button" data-track-action="copy share url" data-track-external="">Copy to clipboard</button></div><p class="js-c-article-share-box__additional-info c-article-share-box__additional-info"> Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative </p></div></div><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading">Keywords</h3><ul class="c-article-subject-list"><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=KCrO%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20&facet-discipline="Life%20Sciences"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">K<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> </a></span></li><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=Heavy%20metals&facet-discipline="Life%20Sciences"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">Heavy metals</a></span></li><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=Genotoxicity&facet-discipline="Life%20Sciences"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">Genotoxicity</a></span></li><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=Fish&facet-discipline="Life%20Sciences"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">Fish</a></span></li><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=Hematological%20parameters&facet-discipline="Life%20Sciences"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">Hematological parameters</a></span></li><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=DNA&facet-discipline="Life%20Sciences"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">DNA</a></span></li></ul><div data-component="article-info-list"></div></div></div></div></div></section> </div> </main> <div class="c-article-sidebar u-text-sm u-hide-print l-with-sidebar__sidebar" id="sidebar" data-container-type="reading-companion" data-track-component="reading companion"> <aside> <div data-test="collections"> </div> <div data-test="editorial-summary"> </div> <div class="c-reading-companion"> <div class="c-reading-companion__sticky" data-component="reading-companion-sticky" data-test="reading-companion-sticky"> <div data-test="access-article" class="app-article-access"> <h2 class="app-article-access__heading">Access this article</h2> <div class="u-ma-16 u-clear-both"> <a href="//wayf.springernature.com?redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs12011-020-02490-4%3Ferror%3Dcookies_not_supported%26code%3D5a0cc262-05d7-4271-9216-74a8bf03892a" class="u-button u-button--full-width u-button--primary u-justify-content-space-between c-pdf-download__link" data-track="click" data-track-action="institution access" data-track-label="button"> <span data-test="access-via-institution">Log in via an institution</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="24" height="24" class="u-icon"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use> </svg> </a> </div> <div data-test="buy-box-desktop" class="c-article-buy-box"> <div class="sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin" id="sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin">  <div class="buying-option" data-test-id="buy-article-darwin"> <div> <div class="c-springer-plus"> <h2 class="springer-plus-heading">Subscribe and save</h2> <div class="springer-plus"> <div class="springer-plus-headline"> <div class="springer-plus-title"> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="16" height="16" class="u-icon"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-check-filled-medium"></use> </svg><span>Springer+ Basic</span> </div> <div class="dd price-amount-springer-plus"> €32.70 /Month </div> </div> <ul class="buying-option-usps"> <li>Get 10 units per month</li> <li>Download Article/Chapter or eBook</li> <li>1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter</li> <li>Cancel anytime</li> </ul><a href="https://link.springer.com/product/springer-plus" id="btn-subscribe-springerPlus" class="u-button u-button--full-width u-button--secondary" data-track="click||click_springer_subscribe" data-track-context="buy box"><span>Subscribe now </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="16" height="16" class="u-icon"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use> </svg></a> </div> <h2 class="springer-plus-heading">Buy Now</h2> </div> <div class="buybox__buy"> <form action="https://order.springer.com/public/cart" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="type" value="article"><input type="hidden" name="doi" value="10.1007/s12011-020-02490-4"><input type="hidden" name="isxn" value="1559-0720"><input type="hidden" name="contenttitle" value="Chromium Exposure Causes Structural Aberrations of Erythrocytes, Gills, Liver, Kidney, and Genetic Damage in Striped Catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus"><input type="hidden" name="copyrightyear" value="2020"><input type="hidden" name="year" value="2020"><input type="hidden" name="authors" value="Sajida Akter Suchana, et al."><input type="hidden" name="title" value="Biological Trace Element Research"><input type="hidden" name="mac" value="5ee664fd1db0fea6714a5a619e14133b"> <div class="u-ma-16"> <button type="submit" class="u-button--small u-button u-button--secondary u-button--full-width" onclick="dataLayer.push({"event":"addToCart","ecommerce":{"currencyCode":"EUR","add":{"products":[{"name":"Chromium Exposure Causes Structural Aberrations of Erythrocytes, Gills, Liver, Kidney, and Genetic Damage in Striped Catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus","id":"1559-0720","price":39.95,"brand":"Springer US","category":"Chemical Biology","variant":"ppv-article","quantity":1}]}}});"><span>Buy article PDF 39,95 €</span></button> </div> </form> <p class="c-notes__text c-notes__vat">Price includes VAT (Hong Kong/P.R.China)<br></p> <p class="c-notes__text c-notes__usp">Instant access to the full article PDF.</p> </div> </div> <script>dataLayer.push({"ecommerce":{"currency":"EUR","impressions":[{"name":"Chromium Exposure Causes Structural Aberrations of Erythrocytes, Gills, Liver, Kidney, and Genetic Damage in Striped Catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus","id":"1559-0720","price":39.95,"brand":"Springer US","category":"Chemical Biology","variant":"ppv-article","quantity":1}]}});</script> <script style="display: none"> ;(function () { if (document.cookie.indexOf("feature-monetise-subscriptions-display-springer-plus") > -1) { document.querySelectorAll(".c-springer-plus").forEach(function(node) { node.style.display = "block" }) } // springerPlus roll out 10% starts here var springerPlusGroup = setLocalStorageSpringerPlus(); var rollOutSpringerPlus = springerPlusGroup === "B" function setLocalStorageSpringerPlus() { var selectUserKey = "springerPlusRollOut"; var springerPlusGroup = "X"; if (!window.localStorage) return springerPlusGroup; try { var selectUserValue = window.localStorage.getItem(selectUserKey) springerPlusGroup = selectUserValue || randomDistributionSpringerPlus(selectUserKey) } catch (err) { console.log(err) } return springerPlusGroup; } function randomDistributionSpringerPlus(selectUserKey) { var randomGroup = Math.random() < 0.9 ? "A" : "B" window.localStorage.setItem(selectUserKey, randomGroup) return randomGroup } if (rollOutSpringerPlus) { revealSpringerPlus(); } function revealSpringerPlus() { var article = document.getElementById("sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin"); if(article) { document.querySelectorAll(".c-springer-plus").forEach(function(node) { node.style.display = "block" }) } } //springerPlus ends here })() </script> <style> .springer-plus .buying-option-usps > li::before { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg viewBox='0 0 100 100' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='%230070A8'%3E%3Ccircle cx='50' cy='50' r='50'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } </style> </div> <article class="buybox__rent-article buybox__access-option u-sans-serif" id="deepdyve" style="display: none" data-test-id="journal-subscription"> <div class="c-box__body"> <div class="buybox__info"> <p>Rent this article via <a class="deepdyve-link" target="deepdyve" rel="nofollow" data-track="click" data-track-action="rent article" data-track-label="rent action, new buybox">DeepDyve</a> <svg focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon" style="vertical-align: middle"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-external-link-small"></use> </svg></p> </div> </div> <script> function deepDyveResponse(data) { if (data.status === 'ok') { [].slice.call(document.querySelectorAll('.buybox__rent-article')).forEach(function (article) { article.style.display = 'flex' var link = article.querySelector('.deepdyve-link') if (link) { link.setAttribute('href', data.url) } }) } } var script = document.createElement('script') script.src = '//www.deepdyve.com/rental-link?docId=10.1007/s12011-020-02490-4&journal=1559-0720&fieldName=journal_doi&affiliateId=springer&format=jsonp&callback=deepDyveResponse' document.body.appendChild(script) </script> </article> <div class="buybox__access-option buybox__institutional-subs-link u-sans-serif"> <p><a href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/librarians/licensing/agc/journals">Institutional subscriptions <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="24" height="24" class="u-icon" style="vertical-align: middle"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use> </svg></a></p> </div> <style>.sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .buybox__access-option{ border-top: 1px solid #cedbe0; font-size: 1rem; padding: 16px; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .c-springer-plus{ display: none; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus{ background-color: #EBF6FF; font-family: 'Merriweather Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; padding: 16px; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus-headline{ display: flex; justify-content: space-between; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus-heading{ border-bottom: 1px solid #c5e0f4; border-top: 1px solid #c5e0f4; font-family: 'Merriweather Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0; padding: 16px; text-align: center; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus-title{ align-items: center; display: flex; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus-title span{ margin-left: 8px; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus a{ background-color: #fff; border: 1px solid #025e8d; color: #025e8d; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; max-height: 44px; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus a span{ margin-right: 8px; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus a:hover{ background-color: #025e8d; border: 4px solid #025e8d; box-shadow: none; color: #fff; font-weight: 700; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus a:visited{ color: #025e8d; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus a:visited:hover{ color: #fff; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus .buying-option-usps{ color: #555; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6; list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 16px 0 24px 0; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus .buying-option-usps > li{ padding-left: 26px; position: relative; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus .buying-option-usps > li::before{ content: ''; height: 10px; left: 0; position: absolute; top: calc(0.8em - 5px); width: 10px; } .sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin .springer-plus .buying-option-usps > li:not(:first-child){ margin-top: 4px; } </style> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-reading-companion__panel c-reading-companion__sections c-reading-companion__panel--active" id="tabpanel-sections"> <div class="u-lazy-ad-wrapper u-mt-16 u-hide" data-component-mpu><div class="c-ad c-ad--300x250"> <div class="c-ad__inner"> <p class="c-ad__label">Advertisement</p> <div id="div-gpt-ad-MPU1" class="div-gpt-ad grade-c-hide" data-pa11y-ignore data-gpt data-gpt-unitpath="/270604982/springerlink/12011/article" data-gpt-sizes="300x250" data-test="MPU1-ad" data-gpt-targeting="pos=MPU1;articleid=s12011-020-02490-4;"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-reading-companion__panel c-reading-companion__figures c-reading-companion__panel--full-width" id="tabpanel-figures"></div> <div class="c-reading-companion__panel c-reading-companion__references c-reading-companion__panel--full-width" id="tabpanel-references"></div> </div> </div> </aside> </div> </div> </article> <div class="app-elements"> <div class="eds-c-header__expander eds-c-header__expander--search" id="eds-c-header-popup-search"> <h2 class="eds-c-header__heading">Search</h2> <div class="u-container"> <search class="eds-c-header__search" role="search" aria-label="Search from the header"> <form method="GET" action="//link.springer.com/search" data-test="header-search" data-track="search" data-track-context="search from header" data-track-action="submit search form" data-track-category="unified header" data-track-label="form" > <label for="eds-c-header-search" class="eds-c-header__search-label">Search by keyword or author</label> <div class="eds-c-header__search-container"> <input id="eds-c-header-search" class="eds-c-header__search-input" autocomplete="off" name="query" type="search" value="" required> <button class="eds-c-header__search-button" type="submit"> <svg class="eds-c-header__icon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-search-medium"></use> </svg> <span class="u-visually-hidden">Search</span> </button> </div> </form> </search> </div> </div> <div class="eds-c-header__expander eds-c-header__expander--menu" id="eds-c-header-nav"> <h2 class="eds-c-header__heading">Navigation</h2> <ul class="eds-c-header__list"> <li class="eds-c-header__list-item"> <a class="eds-c-header__link" href="https://link.springer.com/journals/" data-track="nav_find_a_journal" data-track-context="unified header" data-track-action="click find a journal" data-track-category="unified header" data-track-label="link" > Find a journal </a> </li> <li class="eds-c-header__list-item"> <a class="eds-c-header__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/authors" data-track="nav_how_to_publish" data-track-context="unified header" data-track-action="click publish with us link" data-track-category="unified header" data-track-label="link" > Publish with us </a> </li> <li class="eds-c-header__list-item"> <a class="eds-c-header__link" href="https://link.springernature.com/home/" data-track="nav_track_your_research" data-track-context="unified header" data-track-action="click track your research" data-track-category="unified header" data-track-label="link" > Track your research </a> </li> </ul> </div> <footer > <div class="eds-c-footer" > <div class="eds-c-footer__container"> <div class="eds-c-footer__grid eds-c-footer__group--separator"> <div class="eds-c-footer__group"> <h3 class="eds-c-footer__heading">Discover content</h3> <ul class="eds-c-footer__list"> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://link.springer.com/journals/a/1" data-track="nav_journals_a_z" data-track-action="journals a-z" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Journals A-Z</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://link.springer.com/books/a/1" data-track="nav_books_a_z" data-track-action="books a-z" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Books A-Z</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="eds-c-footer__group"> <h3 class="eds-c-footer__heading">Publish with us</h3> <ul class="eds-c-footer__list"> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://link.springer.com/journals" data-track="nav_journal_finder" data-track-action="journal finder" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Journal finder</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/authors" data-track="nav_publish_your_research" data-track-action="publish your research" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Publish your research</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-research/about/the-fundamentals-of-open-access-and-open-research" data-track="nav_open_access_publishing" data-track-action="open access publishing" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Open access publishing</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="eds-c-footer__group"> <h3 class="eds-c-footer__heading">Products and services</h3> <ul class="eds-c-footer__list"> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/products" data-track="nav_our_products" data-track-action="our products" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Our products</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/librarians" data-track="nav_librarians" data-track-action="librarians" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Librarians</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/societies" data-track="nav_societies" data-track-action="societies" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Societies</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/partners" data-track="nav_partners_and_advertisers" data-track-action="partners and advertisers" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Partners and advertisers</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="eds-c-footer__group"> <h3 class="eds-c-footer__heading">Our imprints</h3> <ul class="eds-c-footer__list"> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.springer.com/" data-track="nav_imprint_Springer" data-track-action="Springer" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Springer</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.nature.com/" data-track="nav_imprint_Nature_Portfolio" data-track-action="Nature Portfolio" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Nature Portfolio</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.biomedcentral.com/" data-track="nav_imprint_BMC" data-track-action="BMC" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">BMC</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.palgrave.com/" data-track="nav_imprint_Palgrave_Macmillan" data-track-action="Palgrave Macmillan" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Palgrave Macmillan</a></li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"><a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.apress.com/" data-track="nav_imprint_Apress" data-track-action="Apress" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Apress</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="eds-c-footer__container"> <nav aria-label="footer navigation"> <ul class="eds-c-footer__links"> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"> <button class="eds-c-footer__link" data-cc-action="preferences" data-track="dialog_manage_cookies" data-track-action="Manage cookies" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link"><span class="eds-c-footer__button-text">Your privacy choices/Manage cookies</span></button> </li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"> <a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/legal/ccpa" data-track="nav_california_privacy_statement" data-track-action="california privacy statement" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Your US state privacy rights</a> </li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"> <a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/info/accessibility" data-track="nav_accessibility_statement" data-track-action="accessibility statement" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Accessibility statement</a> </li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"> <a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://link.springer.com/termsandconditions" data-track="nav_terms_and_conditions" data-track-action="terms and conditions" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Terms and conditions</a> </li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"> <a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://link.springer.com/privacystatement" data-track="nav_privacy_policy" data-track-action="privacy policy" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Privacy policy</a> </li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"> <a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://support.springernature.com/en/support/home" data-track="nav_help_and_support" data-track-action="help and support" data-track-context="unified footer" data-track-label="link">Help and support</a> </li> <li class="eds-c-footer__item"> <a class="eds-c-footer__link" href="https://support.springernature.com/en/support/solutions/articles/6000255911-subscription-cancellations" data-track-action="cancel contracts here">Cancel contracts here</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="eds-c-footer__user"> <p class="eds-c-footer__user-info"> <span data-test="footer-user-ip">8.222.208.146</span> </p> <p class="eds-c-footer__user-info" data-test="footer-business-partners">Not affiliated</p> </div> <a href="https://www.springernature.com/" class="eds-c-footer__link"> <img src="/oscar-static/images/logo-springernature-white-19dd4ba190.svg" alt="Springer Nature" loading="lazy" width="200" height="20"/> </a> <p class="eds-c-footer__legal" data-test="copyright">© 2024 Springer Nature</p> </div> </div> </footer> </div> </body> </html>