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class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Finance and religion</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Finance_and_religion-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Finance and religion subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Finance_and_religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mounting_deficits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mounting_deficits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Mounting deficits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mounting_deficits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Devaluation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Devaluation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Devaluation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Devaluation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revaluation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revaluation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Revaluation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revaluation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suppression_of_the_Knights_Templar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suppression_of_the_Knights_Templar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Suppression of the Knights Templar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suppression_of_the_Knights_Templar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tour_de_Nesle_affair" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tour_de_Nesle_affair"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Tour de Nesle affair</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tour_de_Nesle_affair-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Issue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Issue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Issue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Issue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>In fiction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Philip IV of France</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 77 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">77 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_IV._(Frankreich)" title="Philipp IV. (Frankreich) – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Philipp IV. (Frankreich)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9_(%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7)" title="فيليب الرابع (ملك فرنسا) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيليب الرابع (ملك فرنسا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felipe_IV_de_Francia" title="Felipe IV de Francia – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Felipe IV de Francia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felipe_IV_de_Francia" title="Felipe IV de Francia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Felipe IV de Francia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/IV_Filip_(Fransa)" title="IV Filip (Fransa) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="IV Filip (Fransa)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A4%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88_%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%BE_(%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87)" title="دؤردونجو فیلیپ (فرانسه) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دؤردونجو فیلیپ (فرانسه)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_4-s%C3%A8_(Hoat-kok)" title="Philippe 4-sè (Hoat-kok) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Philippe 4-sè (Hoat-kok)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BF_IV_%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%8B" title="Філіп IV Прыгожы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Філіп IV Прыгожы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF_IV_(%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Филип IV (Франция) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Филип IV (Франция)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_IV,_kralj_Francuske" title="Filip IV, kralj Francuske – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Filip IV, kralj Francuske" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulup_IV_(Bro-C%27hall)" title="Fulup IV (Bro-C'hall) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Fulup IV (Bro-C'hall)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felip_IV_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Felip IV de França – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Felip IV de França" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF_IV_(%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B8)" title="Филипп IV (Франци патши) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Филипп IV (Франци патши)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_IV._Francouzsk%C3%BD" title="Filip IV. Francouzský – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Filip IV. Francouzský" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_IV,_brenin_Ffrainc" title="Philippe IV, brenin Ffrainc – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Philippe IV, brenin Ffrainc" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_4._af_Frankrig" title="Filip 4. af Frankrig – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Filip 4. af Frankrig" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_IV._(Frankreich)" title="Philipp IV. (Frankreich) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Philipp IV. (Frankreich)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_IV" title="Philippe IV – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Philippe IV" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%80%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%94%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Φίλιππος Δ΄ της Γαλλίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φίλιππος Δ΄ της Γαλλίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felipe_IV_de_Francia" title="Felipe IV de Francia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Felipe IV de Francia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipo_la_4-a_(Francio)" title="Filipo la 4-a (Francio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Filipo la 4-a (Francio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipe_I.a_Nafarroakoa" title="Filipe I.a Nafarroakoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Filipe I.a Nafarroakoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%BE_%DA%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87" title="فیلیپ چهارم، پادشاه فرانسه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فیلیپ چهارم، پادشاه فرانسه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_IV_le_Bel" title="Philippe IV le Bel – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Philippe IV le Bel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipe_IV_de_Francia" title="Filipe IV de Francia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Filipe IV de Francia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%84%EB%A6%AC%ED%94%84_4%EC%84%B8" title="필리프 4세 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="필리프 4세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BA_IV_%D4%B3%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A5%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%AF" title="Ֆիլիպ IV Գեղեցիկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆիլիպ IV Գեղեցիկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_IV.,_kralj_Francuske" title="Filip IV., kralj Francuske – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Filip IV., kralj Francuske" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_la_4ma_di_Francia" title="Philippe la 4ma di Francia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Philippe la 4ma di Francia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_IV_dari_Prancis" title="Philippe IV dari Prancis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Philippe IV dari Prancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippus_4._Frakkakonungur" title="Filippus 4. Frakkakonungur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Filippus 4. Frakkakonungur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippo_IV_di_Francia" title="Filippo IV di Francia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Filippo IV di Francia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A4_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%99,_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9A_%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%AA" title="פיליפ הרביעי, מלך צרפת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פיליפ הרביעי, מלך צרפת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E_IV_(%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98)" title="ფილიპ IV (საფრანგეთი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფილიპ IV (საფრანგეთი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_IV_(gazik_ke_Franca)" title="Philippe IV (gazik ke Franca) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Philippe IV (gazik ke Franca)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippus_IV_(rex_Francorum)" title="Philippus IV (rex Francorum) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Philippus IV (rex Francorum)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filips_IV_Skaistais" title="Filips IV Skaistais – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Filips IV Skaistais" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_IV._vu_Frankr%C3%A4ich" title="Philippe IV. vu Frankräich – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Philippe IV. vu Frankräich" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilypas_IV_Gra%C5%BEusis" title="Pilypas IV Gražusis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pilypas IV Gražusis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feipo_o_Bello" title="Feipo o Bello – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Feipo o Bello" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IV._F%C3%BCl%C3%B6p_francia_kir%C3%A1ly" title="IV. Fülöp francia király – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="IV. Fülöp francia király" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF_IV_%D0%A3%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Филип IV Убавиот – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Филип IV Убавиот" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_IV" title="Philippe IV – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Philippe IV" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA" title="फ्रान्सचा चौथा फिलिप – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फ्रान्सचा चौथा फिलिप" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E_IV_(%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98)" title="ფილიპ IV (საფრანგეთი) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფილიპ IV (საფრანგეთი)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="فيليب الرابع ملك فرنسا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيليب الرابع ملك فرنسا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_IV_dari_Perancis" title="Philip IV dari Perancis – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Philip IV dari Perancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felipe_IV_de_Fr%C3%A1ncia" title="Felipe IV de Fráncia – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Felipe IV de Fráncia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BD_IV_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF" title="Францын IV Филипп – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Францын IV Филипп" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filips_IV_van_Frankrijk" title="Filips IV van Frankrijk – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Filips IV van Frankrijk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%83%974%E4%B8%96_(%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E7%8E%8B)" title="フィリップ4世 (フランス王) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フィリップ4世 (フランス王)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_IV_av_Frankrike" title="Filip IV av Frankrike – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Filip IV av Frankrike" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_IV_de_Fraunce" title="Philippe IV de Fraunce – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Philippe IV de Fraunce" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felip_IV_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Felip IV de França – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Felip IV de França" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flipe_IV_le_Bel" title="Flipe IV le Bel – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Flipe IV le Bel" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_IV_Pi%C4%99kny" title="Filip IV Piękny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Filip IV Piękny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipe_IV_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Filipe IV de França – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Filipe IV de França" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_al_IV-lea_cel_Frumos" title="Filip al IV-lea cel Frumos – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Filip al IV-lea cel Frumos" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF_IV_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8)" title="Филипп IV (король Франции) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Филипп IV (король Франции)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_IV_o_Fraunce" title="Philip IV o Fraunce – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Philip IV o Fraunce" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France" title="Philip IV of France – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Philip IV of France" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_IV._(Franc%C3%BAzsko)" title="Filip IV. (Francúzsko) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Filip IV. (Francúzsko)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_IV._Francoski" title="Filip IV. Francoski – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Filip IV. Francoski" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C_%DA%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95%D9%85%D8%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%81%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="فیلیپی چوارەم، پاشای فەرەنسا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فیلیپی چوارەم، پاشای فەرەنسا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF_IV_%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Филип IV од Француске – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Филип IV од Француске" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_IV_od_Francuske" title="Philippe IV od Francuske – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Philippe IV od Francuske" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_IV_(Ranska)" title="Filip IV (Ranska) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Filip IV (Ranska)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_IV_av_Frankrike" title="Filip IV av Frankrike – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Filip IV av Frankrike" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_4_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AA" title="พระเจ้าฟีลิปที่ 4 แห่งฝรั่งเศส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระเจ้าฟีลิปที่ 4 แห่งฝรั่งเศส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IV._Philippe" title="IV. Philippe – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="IV. Philippe" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%BF_IV_%D0%92%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Філіпп IV Вродливий – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Філіпп IV Вродливий" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_IV_c%E1%BB%A7a_Ph%C3%A1p" title="Philippe IV của Pháp – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Philippe IV của Pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_IV_van_Vrankryk" title="Philippe IV van Vrankryk – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Philippe IV van Vrankryk" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%85%93%E5%8A%9B%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96%EF%BC%88%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%EF%BC%89" title="腓力四世（法兰西） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="腓力四世（法兰西）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_4k_il%E1%BA%B9%CC%80_Fr%C3%A1ns%C3%AC" title="Filip 4k ilẹ̀ Fránsì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Filip 4k ilẹ̀ Fránsì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E8%87%98%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)" title="菲臘四世 (法國) – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="菲臘四世 (法國)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%85%93%E5%8A%9B%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96_(%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF)" title="腓力四世 (法兰西) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="腓力四世 (法兰西)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q130969#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">King of France from 1285 to 1314</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Habsburg ruler of the Netherlands and Castile sometimes similarly called Philip the Fair (1478–1506), see <a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Handsome" title="Philip the Handsome">Philip the Handsome</a>. For the king of Spain also called Philip IV (1605–1665), see <a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain">Philip IV of Spain</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Philip IV</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Philip_iv_and_family._2_(detail_crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Philip_iv_and_family._2_%28detail_crop%29.jpg/220px-Philip_iv_and_family._2_%28detail_crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="403" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Philip_iv_and_family._2_%28detail_crop%29.jpg/330px-Philip_iv_and_family._2_%28detail_crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Philip_iv_and_family._2_%28detail_crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="352" data-file-height="645" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Detail from a 1315 <a href="/wiki/Miniature_(illuminated_manuscript)" title="Miniature (illuminated manuscript)">miniature</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/King_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="King of France">King of France</a> <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal" class="noprint">(<a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_French_sovereign" title="Style of the French sovereign">more...</a>) </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">5 October 1285 – <span class="nowrap">29 November 1314</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_French_monarch" title="Coronation of the French monarch">Coronation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">6 January 1286, <a href="/wiki/Reims_Cathedral" title="Reims Cathedral">Reims Cathedral</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_France" title="Philip III of France">Philip III</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Louis_X_of_France" title="Louis X of France">Louis X</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/King_of_Navarre" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Navarre">King of Navarre</a> <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal" class="noprint">(<i><a href="/wiki/Jure_uxoris" title="Jure uxoris">jure uxoris</a></i>) </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">16 August 1284 – 4 April 1305</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joan_I_of_Navarre" title="Joan I of Navarre">Joan I</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Louis_X_of_France" title="Louis X of France">Louis I</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Co-monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joan_I_of_Navarre" title="Joan I of Navarre">Joan I</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">8 April – June 1268<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Fontainebleau" title="Palace of Fontainebleau">Palace of Fontainebleau</a>, France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">29 November 1314 (aged 46)<br />Fontainebleau, France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data">3 December 1314<br /><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Denis_Basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Denis Basilica">Saint Denis Basilica</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Joan_I_of_Navarre" title="Joan I of Navarre">Joan I of Navarre</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="16 August 1284">1284</span>; died <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="4 April 1305">1305</span>)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal"><i><a href="#Issue">more...</a></i></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_X,_King_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis X, King of France">Louis X, King of France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_V,_King_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip V, King of France">Philip V, King of France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV,_King_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles IV, King of France">Charles IV, King of France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_France" title="Isabella of France">Isabella, Queen of England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_of_France_(died_1308)" title="Robert of France (died 1308)">Robert</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Capet" title="House of Capet">Capet</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_France" title="Philip III of France">Philip III of France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Aragon,_Queen_of_France" title="Isabella of Aragon, Queen of France">Isabella of Aragon</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Philip IV</b> (April–June 1268 – 29 November 1314), called <b>Philip the Fair</b> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Philippe le Bel</i>), was <a href="/wiki/King_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="King of France">King of France</a> from 1285 to 1314. <a href="/wiki/Jure_uxoris" title="Jure uxoris">By virtue of his marriage</a> with <a href="/wiki/Joan_I_of_Navarre" title="Joan I of Navarre">Joan I of Navarre</a>, he was also <a href="/wiki/King_of_Navarre" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Navarre">King of Navarre</a> as <b>Philip I</b> from 1284 to 1305, as well as <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Champagne" title="Count of Champagne">Count of Champagne</a>. Although Philip was known to be handsome, hence the <a href="/wiki/Epithet" title="Epithet">epithet</a> <i>le Bel</i>, his rigid, autocratic, imposing, and inflexible personality gained him (from friend and foe alike) other nicknames, such as <b>the Iron King</b> (French: <i lang="fr">le Roi de fer</i>). His fierce opponent <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Saisset" title="Bernard Saisset">Bernard Saisset</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Pamiers" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Pamiers">bishop of Pamiers</a>, said of him: "He is neither man nor beast. He is a statue."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEContamineKerhervéRigaudière2007142_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEContamineKerhervéRigaudière2007142-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Philip, seeking to reduce the wealth and power of the <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobility</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">clergy</a>, relied instead on skilful civil servants, such as <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_de_Nogaret" title="Guillaume de Nogaret">Guillaume de Nogaret</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enguerrand_de_Marigny" title="Enguerrand de Marigny">Enguerrand de Marigny</a>, to govern <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">the kingdom</a>. The king, who sought an uncontested monarchy, compelled his <a href="/wiki/Vassal" title="Vassal">vassals</a> by wars and restricted their feudal privileges, paving the way for the transformation of France from a <a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">feudal</a> country to a <a href="/wiki/Centralisation" title="Centralisation">centralised</a> early modern state.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrayer1980xiii_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrayer1980xiii-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Internationally, Philip's ambitions made him highly influential in European affairs, and for much of his reign he sought to place his relatives on foreign thrones. Princes from <a href="/wiki/Capetian_dynasty" title="Capetian dynasty">his house</a> ruled in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungary</a>, and he tried and failed to make another relative the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a>. </p><p>The most notable conflicts of Philip's reign include <a href="/wiki/Gascon_War" title="Gascon War">a dispute</a> with the English over <a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">King Edward<span class="nowrap"> </span>I</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Aquitaine" title="Duchy of Aquitaine">duchy in southwestern France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Franco-Flemish_War_(1297%E2%80%931305)" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco-Flemish War (1297–1305)">a war</a> with the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">County of Flanders</a>, who had rebelled against French royal authority and humiliated Philip at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Golden_Spurs" title="Battle of the Golden Spurs">Battle of the Golden Spurs</a> in 1302. The war with the Flemish resulted in <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mons-en-P%C3%A9v%C3%A8le" title="Battle of Mons-en-Pévèle">Philip's ultimate victory</a>, after which he received a significant portion of Flemish cities, which were added to the crown lands along with a vast sum of money. Domestically, his reign was marked by struggles with the <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a>. In heavy debt to both groups, Philip saw them as a "<a href="/wiki/State_within_the_state" class="mw-redirect" title="State within the state">state within the state</a>" and a recurring threat to royal power. In 1306 Philip expelled the Jews from France, followed by the total destruction of the Knights Templar in 1307. To further strengthen the monarchy, Philip tried to tax and impose <a href="/wiki/Caesaropapism" title="Caesaropapism">state control over</a> the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_France" title="Catholic Church in France">Catholic Church in France</a>, leading to a violent dispute with <a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_VIII" title="Pope Boniface VIII">Pope Boniface VIII</a>. The ensuing conflict saw the pope's residence at <a href="/wiki/Anagni" title="Anagni">Anagni</a> attacked in September 1303 by French forces with the support of the <a href="/wiki/Colonna_family" title="Colonna family">Colonna family</a>. Pope Boniface was captured and held hostage for several days. This eventually led to the <a href="/wiki/Avignon_Papacy" title="Avignon Papacy">Avignon Papacy</a> of 1309 to 1376. </p><p>His final year saw a scandal amongst the royal family, known as the <a href="/wiki/Tour_de_Nesle_affair" title="Tour de Nesle affair">Tour de Nesle affair</a>, in which King Philip's three daughters-in-law were accused of <a href="/wiki/Adultery" title="Adultery">adultery</a>. His three sons were successively <a href="/wiki/List_of_French_monarchs" title="List of French monarchs">kings of France</a>: <a href="/wiki/Louis_X_of_France" title="Louis X of France">Louis X</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_France" title="Philip V of France">Philip V</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_France" title="Charles IV of France">Charles IV</a>. Their rapid successive deaths without surviving sons of their own would compromise the future of the French royal house, which had until then seemed secure, precipitating <a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_French_throne#The_end_of_the_"Capetian_miracle"" title="Succession to the French throne">a succession crisis</a> that eventually led to the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a> (1337–1453). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Youth">Youth</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_IV_of_France&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Youth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Capet" title="House of Capet">House of Capet</a>, Philip was born in 1268 in the medieval fortress of <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Fontainebleau" title="Palace of Fontainebleau">Fontainebleau</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seine-et-Marne" title="Seine-et-Marne">Seine-et-Marne</a>) to the future <a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_France" title="Philip III of France">Philip III, the Bold</a>, and his first wife, <a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Aragon,_Queen_of_France" title="Isabella of Aragon, Queen of France">Isabella of Aragon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodacre2013xviii_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodacre2013xviii-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father was the heir apparent of France, being the eldest son of <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">King Louis IX</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEField201977_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEField201977-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bust_of_Philippe_le_Bel_SaintDenis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Bust_of_Philippe_le_Bel_SaintDenis.jpg/220px-Bust_of_Philippe_le_Bel_SaintDenis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Bust_of_Philippe_le_Bel_SaintDenis.jpg/330px-Bust_of_Philippe_le_Bel_SaintDenis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Bust_of_Philippe_le_Bel_SaintDenis.jpg/440px-Bust_of_Philippe_le_Bel_SaintDenis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="873" data-file-height="1188" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gisant" class="mw-redirect" title="Gisant">Gisant</a> of Philip the Fair in the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint-Denis" title="Basilica of Saint-Denis">Basilica of Saint-Denis</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In August 1270, when Philip was two years old, his grandfather died while on Crusade, his father became king, and his elder brother <a href="/wiki/Louis_of_France_(1264%E2%80%931276)" title="Louis of France (1264–1276)">Louis</a> became heir apparent. Only five months later, in January 1271, Philip's mother died after falling from a horse; she was pregnant with her fifth child at the time and had not yet been crowned queen beside her husband. A few months later, one of Philip's younger brothers, Robert, also died. Philip's father was finally crowned king at Rheims on 15 August 1271. Six days later, he married again; Philip's stepmother was Marie, daughter of the duke of Brabant. </p><p>In May 1276, Philip's elder brother <a href="/wiki/Louis_of_France_(1264%E2%80%931276)" title="Louis of France (1264–1276)">Louis</a> died, and the eight-year-old Philip became heir apparent. It was suspected that Louis had been poisoned, and that his stepmother, <a href="/wiki/Marie_of_Brabant,_Queen_of_France" title="Marie of Brabant, Queen of France">Marie of Brabant</a>, had instigated the murder. One reason for these rumours was the fact that the queen had given birth to her own first son the month Louis died.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, both Philip and his surviving full brother <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Count_of_Valois" title="Charles, Count of Valois">Charles</a> lived well into adulthood and raised large families of their own. </p><p>The scholastic part of Philip's education was entrusted to <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_d%27Ercuis" title="Guillaume d'Ercuis">Guillaume d'Ercuis</a>, his father's <a href="/wiki/Almoner" title="Almoner">almoner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the unsuccessful <a href="/wiki/Aragonese_Crusade" title="Aragonese Crusade">Aragonese Crusade</a> against <a href="/wiki/Peter_III_of_Aragon" title="Peter III of Aragon">Peter III of Aragon</a>, which ended in October 1285, Philip may have negotiated an agreement with Peter for the safe withdrawal of the Crusader army.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrayer198010_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrayer198010-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This pact is attested to by <a href="/wiki/Catalans" title="Catalans">Catalan</a> chroniclers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrayer198010_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrayer198010-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Strayer" title="Joseph Strayer">Joseph Strayer</a> points out that such a deal was probably unnecessary, as Peter had little to gain from provoking a battle with the withdrawing French or angering the young Philip, who had friendly relations with Aragon through his mother.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrayer198010–11_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrayer198010–11-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Philip married Queen <a href="/wiki/Joan_I_of_Navarre" title="Joan I of Navarre">Joan I of Navarre</a> (1271–1305) on 16 August 1284.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarner201634_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarner201634-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two were affectionate and devoted to each other and Philip refused to remarry after Joan's death in 1305, despite the great political and financial rewards of doing so.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrayer19809–10_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrayer19809–10-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The primary administrative benefit of the marriage was Joan's inheritance of <a href="/wiki/Champagne_(province)" title="Champagne (province)">Champagne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brie_(region)" title="Brie (region)">Brie</a>, which were adjacent to the <a href="/wiki/Crown_lands_of_France" title="Crown lands of France">royal demesne</a> in Ile-de-France, and thus effectively were united to the king's own lands, expanding his realm.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrayer19809_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrayer19809-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The annexation of wealthy Champagne increased the royal revenues considerably, removed the autonomy of a large semi-independent fief and expanded royal territory eastward.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrayer19809_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrayer19809-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Philip also gained <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> for France in 1312.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJostkleigrewe201855_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJostkleigrewe201855-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Navarre remained in <a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">personal union</a> with France, beginning in 1284 under Philip and Joan, for 44 years. The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre" title="Kingdom of Navarre">Kingdom of Navarre</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a> was poor but had a degree of strategic importance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrayer19809_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrayer19809-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When in 1328 the Capetian line went extinct, the new Valois king, Philip VI, attempted to permanently annex the lands to France, compensating the lawful claimant, <a href="/wiki/Joan_II_of_Navarre" title="Joan II of Navarre">Joan II of Navarre</a>, senior heir of Philip IV, with lands elsewhere in France. However, pressure from Joan II's family led to Phillip VI surrendering the land to Joan in 1329, and the rulers of Navarre and France were again different individuals. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reign">Reign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_IV_of_France&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After marrying Joan I of Navarre, becoming Philip I of Navarre, Philip ascended the French throne at the age of 17. He was crowned as King on 6 January 1286 in Reims. As king, Philip was determined to strengthen the <a href="/wiki/French_monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="French monarchy">monarchy</a> at any cost. He relied, more than any of his predecessors, on a professional bureaucracy of legalists. To the public he kept aloof, and left specific policies, especially unpopular ones, to his ministers; as such he was compared to a "useless owl" by Bishop Saisset. Others like William of Nogaret idealized him, praising him for his piety and support of the Church.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarber201229_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarber201229-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His reign marks the transition to a more centralized administration, characterized by the emergence or consolidation of the <a href="/wiki/Conseil_du_Roi" title="Conseil du Roi">King's Council</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Parlement" title="Parlement">Parlement</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Auditors_(France)" title="Court of Auditors (France)">Court of Auditors</a>, a move, under a certain historical reading, towards modernity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foreign_policy_and_wars">Foreign policy and wars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_IV_of_France&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Foreign policy and wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="War_against_England">War against England</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_IV_of_France&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: War against England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Philip_IV_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/Philip IV of France">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hommage_d_%C3%89douard_Ier_%C3%A0_Philippe_le_Bel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Hommage_d_%C3%89douard_Ier_%C3%A0_Philippe_le_Bel.jpg/310px-Hommage_d_%C3%89douard_Ier_%C3%A0_Philippe_le_Bel.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="393" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Hommage_d_%C3%89douard_Ier_%C3%A0_Philippe_le_Bel.jpg/465px-Hommage_d_%C3%89douard_Ier_%C3%A0_Philippe_le_Bel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Hommage_d_%C3%89douard_Ier_%C3%A0_Philippe_le_Bel.jpg/620px-Hommage_d_%C3%89douard_Ier_%C3%A0_Philippe_le_Bel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1658" data-file-height="2101" /></a><figcaption>Homage of King <a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">Edward I</a> (kneeling) to Philip IV (seated). As <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="Duke of Aquitaine">Duke of Aquitaine</a>, Edward was a vassal to the French king. Illumination made in the 15th century by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Fouquet" title="Jean Fouquet">Jean Fouquet</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>As the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="Duke of Aquitaine">Duke of Aquitaine</a>, English King <a href="/wiki/Edward_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward I">Edward I</a> was a vassal to Philip and had to pay him <a href="/wiki/Homage_(feudal)" title="Homage (feudal)">homage</a>. Following the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Acre" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of Acre">Fall of Acre</a> in 1291, however, the former allies started to show dissent.<sup id="cite_ref-rois50_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rois50-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1293, following feuding between English and French sailors that led to several seized ships and the sacking of <a href="/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle">La Rochelle</a>, Philip summoned Edward to the French court. The English king sought to negotiate the matter via ambassadors sent to Paris, but they were turned away with a blunt refusal. Philip addressed Edward as a duke, a vassal, and nothing more, despite the international implications of the relationship between England and France. </p><p>Edward next attempted to use family connections to achieve what open politics had not. He sent his brother <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Crouchback" title="Edmund Crouchback">Edmund Crouchback</a>, who was Philip's cousin as well as his step-father-in-law, in attempts to negotiate with the French royal family and avert war. Additionally, Edward had by that time become betrothed by proxy to Philip's sister <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_France,_Queen_of_England" title="Margaret of France, Queen of England">Margaret</a>, and, in the event of the negotiations being successful, Edmund was to escort Margaret back to England for her wedding to Edward. </p><p>An agreement was indeed reached; it stated that Edward would temporarily relinquish Gascony to Philip as a sign of submission in his capacity as the duke of Aquitaine. In return, Philip would forgive Edward and restore Gascony after a grace period. In the matter of the marriage, Philip drove a hard bargain based partially on the difference in age between Edward and Margaret; it was agreed that the province of <a href="/wiki/Gascony" title="Gascony">Gascony</a> would be retained by Philip in return for agreeing to the marriage.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The date of the wedding was also put off until the formality of sequestering and regranting the French lands back to Edward was completed. </p><p>But Edward, Edmund, and the English had been deceived. The French had no intention of returning the land to the English monarch. Edward kept up his part of the deal and turned over his continental estates to the French. However, Philip used the pretext that the English king had refused his summons in order to declare Edward's fiefs entirely forfeit, initiating hostilities with England.<sup id="cite_ref-rois50_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rois50-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1294–1303 <a href="/wiki/Gascon_War" title="Gascon War">Gascon War</a> was the inevitable result of the competitive expansionist monarchies, but the direct campaigns between the two countries <a href="/wiki/Gascon_campaign_(1294%E2%80%931303)" title="Gascon campaign (1294–1303)">in Aquitaine</a> and <a href="/wiki/English_expedition_to_Flanders_(1297%E2%80%931298)" title="English expedition to Flanders (1297–1298)">Flanders</a> were inconclusive. Instead, the larger consequences were from the taxation undertaken to pay for them and in the alliances used. France initiated the <a href="/wiki/Auld_Alliance" title="Auld Alliance">Auld Alliance</a> between itself and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Scotland</a>, underwriting much of the prolonged <a href="/wiki/First_Scottish_War_of_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="First Scottish War of Independence">First Scottish War of Independence</a>. Meanwhile, England assisted <a href="/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">Flanders</a> in <a href="/wiki/Franco-Flemish_War" title="Franco-Flemish War">its own war</a> against France; the decimation of a generation of French nobility at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Golden_Spurs" title="Battle of the Golden Spurs">Battle of the Golden Spurs</a> forced Philip to abandon his occupation of Aquitaine.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolfe200951_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfe200951-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pursuant to the terms of the interim <a href="/wiki/1299_Treaty_of_Montreuil" class="mw-redirect" title="1299 Treaty of Montreuil">1299 Treaty of Montreuil</a>, the marriage of Philip's young daughter <a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_France" title="Isabella of France">Isabella</a> to Edward's son <a href="/wiki/Edward_II_of_England" title="Edward II of England">Edward<span class="nowrap"> </span>II</a> was celebrated at <a href="/wiki/Boulogne-sur-Mer" title="Boulogne-sur-Mer">Boulogne</a> on 25 January 1308. Meant to further seal a lasting peace, it eventually produced an English claimant to the French throne itself, leading to the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="War_with_Flanders">War with Flanders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_IV_of_France&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: War with Flanders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Philip suffered a major setback when an army of 2,500 noble men-at-arms (knights and squires) and 4,000 infantry he sent to suppress an uprising in <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a> was defeated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Golden_Spurs" title="Battle of the Golden Spurs">Battle of the Golden Spurs</a> near <a href="/wiki/Kortrijk" title="Kortrijk">Kortrijk</a> on 11 July 1302. Philip reacted with energy two years later at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mons-en-P%C3%A9v%C3%A8le" title="Battle of Mons-en-Pévèle">Battle of Mons-en-Pévèle</a>, which ended in a decisive French victory.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurveiller198934_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurveiller198934-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, in 1305, Philip forced the Flemish to accept a harsh peace treaty which exacted heavy reparations and penalties and added to the royal territory the rich cloth cities of <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douai" title="Douai">Douai</a>, and Bethune, sites of major cloth fairs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETucker2010295_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETucker2010295-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9thune" title="Béthune">Béthune</a>, first of the Flemish cities to yield, was granted to <a href="/wiki/Mahaut,_Countess_of_Artois" title="Mahaut, Countess of Artois">Mahaut, Countess of Artois</a>, whose two daughters, to secure her fidelity, were married to Philip's two sons. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crusades_and_diplomacy_with_Mongols">Crusades and diplomacy with Mongols</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_IV_of_France&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Crusades and diplomacy with Mongols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Franco-Mongol_alliance" title="Franco-Mongol alliance">Franco-Mongol alliance</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Europeans_in_Medieval_China#Diplomatic_missions_to_Europe" title="Europeans in Medieval China">Europeans in Medieval China § Diplomatic missions to Europe</a></div> <p>Philip had various contacts with the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol</a> power in the Middle East, including reception at the embassy of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Uyghur_people" title="History of the Uyghur people">Uyghur</a> monk <a href="/wiki/Rabban_Bar_Sauma" title="Rabban Bar Sauma">Rabban Bar Sauma</a>, originally from the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a> of <a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bar Sauma presented an offer of a <a href="/wiki/Franco-Mongol_alliance" title="Franco-Mongol alliance">Franco-Mongol alliance</a> with <a href="/wiki/Arghun" title="Arghun">Arghun</a> of the Mongol <a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a> in Baghdad. Arghun was seeking to join forces between the Mongols and the Europeans, against their common enemy the Muslim <a href="/wiki/Mamluk" title="Mamluk">Mamluks</a>. In return, Arghun offered to return Jerusalem to the Christians, once it was re-captured from the Muslims. Philip seemingly responded positively to the request of the embassy by sending one of his noblemen, <a href="/wiki/Gobert_de_Helleville" title="Gobert de Helleville">Gobert de Helleville</a>, to accompany Bar Sauma back to Mongol lands.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was further correspondence between Arghun and Philip in 1288 and 1289,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStreet1963265–268_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStreet1963265–268-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> outlining potential military cooperation. However, Philip never actually pursued such military plans. </p><p>In April 1305, the new Mongol ruler <a href="/wiki/%C3%96ljait%C3%BC" title="Öljaitü">Öljaitü</a> sent letters to Philip,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Pope, and <a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">Edward I of England</a>. He again offered a military collaboration between the Christian nations of Europe and the Mongols against the Mamluks. European nations attempted another Crusade but were delayed, and it never took place. On 4 April 1312, another Crusade was promulgated at the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Vienne" title="Council of Vienne">Council of Vienne</a>. In 1313, Philip "took the cross", making the vow to go on a Crusade in the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a>, thus responding to <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_V" title="Pope Clement V">Pope Clement V</a>'s call. He was, however, warned against leaving by <a href="/wiki/Enguerrand_de_Marigny" title="Enguerrand de Marigny">Enguerrand de Marigny</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and died soon after in a hunting accident. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Finance_and_religion">Finance and religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_IV_of_France&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Finance and religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Coinage_of_Philip_IV_of_France" title="Coinage of Philip IV of France">Coinage of Philip IV of France</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_France#The_Great_Exile_of_1306" title="History of the Jews in France">History of the Jews in France § The Great Exile of 1306</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Denier_%C3%A0_la_masse_Philippe_le_Bel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Denier_%C3%A0_la_masse_Philippe_le_Bel.jpg/220px-Denier_%C3%A0_la_masse_Philippe_le_Bel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Denier_%C3%A0_la_masse_Philippe_le_Bel.jpg/330px-Denier_%C3%A0_la_masse_Philippe_le_Bel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Denier_%C3%A0_la_masse_Philippe_le_Bel.jpg/440px-Denier_%C3%A0_la_masse_Philippe_le_Bel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1004" /></a><figcaption><i>Masse d'or</i> (7,04 g) during Philip the Fair's reign</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mounting_deficits">Mounting deficits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_IV_of_France&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Mounting deficits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under Philip IV, the annual ordinary revenues of the French royal government totaled approximately 860,000 <i><a href="/wiki/Livres_tournois" class="mw-redirect" title="Livres tournois">livres tournois</a></i>, equivalent to 46 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonnes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrummittLassalmonie2015120_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrummittLassalmonie2015120-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overall revenues were about twice the ordinary revenues.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201060_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorre201060-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some 30% of the revenues were collected from the royal demesne.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrummittLassalmonie2015120_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrummittLassalmonie2015120-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The royal financial administration employed perhaps 3,000 people, of which about 1,000 were officials in the proper sense.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrummittLassalmonie2015127–128_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrummittLassalmonie2015127–128-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After assuming the throne, Philip inherited a sizable debt from his father's war against Aragon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrayer198011_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrayer198011-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By November 1286 it reached 8 tonnes of silver to his primary financiers, the Templars, equivalent to 17% of government revenue.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201059_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorre201059-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This debt was quickly paid off, and, in 1287 and 1288, Philip's kingdom ran a budget surplus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201059_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorre201059-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After 1289, a decline in <a href="/wiki/Saxony" title="Saxony">Saxony</a>'s silver production, combined with Philip's wars against Aragon, England and Flanders, drove the French government to fiscal deficits.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201059_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorre201059-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The war against Aragon, inherited from Philip's father, required the expenditure of 1.5 million LT (livres tournois) and the 1294–99 war against England over Gascony another 1.73 million LT.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201059_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorre201059-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrayer198011_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrayer198011-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Loans from the Aragonese War were still being paid back in 1306.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrayer198011_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrayer198011-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To cover the deficit, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_IV" title="Pope Nicholas IV">Pope Nicholas IV</a> in 1289 granted Philip permission to collect a <a href="/wiki/Tithe" title="Tithe">tithe</a> of 152,000 LP (<a href="/wiki/Livres_parisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Livres parisis">livres parisis</a>) from the Church lands in France.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201060_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorre201060-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With revenues of 1.52 million LP, the church in France had greater fiscal resources than the royal government, whose ordinary revenues in 1289 amounted to 595,318 LP and overall revenues to 1.2 million LP.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201060_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorre201060-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By November 1290, the deficit stood at 6% of revenues.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201060_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorre201060-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1291 the budget swung back into surplus only to fall into deficit again in 1292.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201060_26-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorre201060-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The constant deficits led Philip to order the arrest of the <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombard</a> merchants, who had earlier made him extensive loans on the pledge of repayment from future taxation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201060_26-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorre201060-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Lombards' assets were seized by government agents and the crown extracted 250,000 LT by forcing the Lombards to purchase French nationality.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201060_26-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorre201060-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this draconian measure, the deficits continued to stack up in 1293.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201060_26-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorre201060-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1295, Philip had replaced the Templars with the <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florentine</a> Franzesi bankers as his main source of finance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201061_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorre201061-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Italians could raise huge loans far beyond the capacities of the Templars, and Philip came to rely on them more and more.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201061_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorre201061-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The royal treasure was transferred from the <a href="/wiki/Temple_(Paris)" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple (Paris)">Paris Temple</a> to the Louvre around this time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201061_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorre201061-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Devaluation">Devaluation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_IV_of_France&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Devaluation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Donation_faite_par_le_roi_de_France_Philippe_IV_Le_Bel_aux_chapelains_et_marguilliers_de_la_Sainte-Chapelle_du_palais_%C3%A0_Paris_-_Archives_Nationales_-_AE-II-293.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Donation_faite_par_le_roi_de_France_Philippe_IV_Le_Bel_aux_chapelains_et_marguilliers_de_la_Sainte-Chapelle_du_palais_%C3%A0_Paris_-_Archives_Nationales_-_AE-II-293.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Donation_faite_par_le_roi_de_France_Philippe_IV_Le_Bel_aux_chapelains_et_marguilliers_de_la_Sainte-Chapelle_du_palais_%C3%A0_Paris_-_Archives_Nationales_-_AE-II-293.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Donation_faite_par_le_roi_de_France_Philippe_IV_Le_Bel_aux_chapelains_et_marguilliers_de_la_Sainte-Chapelle_du_palais_%C3%A0_Paris_-_Archives_Nationales_-_AE-II-293.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1779" data-file-height="2640" /></a><figcaption>Donation made by the King of France, Philip IV the Fair, to the chaplains and wardens of the <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle" title="Sainte-Chapelle">Sainte-Chapelle</a> in Paris. February 1286</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1294, France and England went to war and in 1297, the county of Flanders declared its independence from France. This conflict accelerated the financial problems incurred by the french monarch.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201063_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorre201063-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As warfare continued and fiscal deficits persisted, Philip had no remedy but to use <a href="/wiki/Debasement" title="Debasement">debasement</a> of coinage as an alternative tool to meet his military expenditures.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201062_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorre201062-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This measure made people wary of taking their coins to royal mints, preferring to take their silver abroad to exchange it for strong currencies, which by 1301 led to a dramatic disappearance of silver in France.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201061_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorre201061-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currency depreciation provided the crown with 1.419 million LP from November 1296 to Christmas 1299, more than enough to cover war costs of 1.066 million LP in the same period.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201063_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorre201063-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The resulting inflation damaged the real incomes of the creditors such as the aristocracy and the Church, who received a weaker currency in return for the loans they had issued in a stronger currency.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201061_30-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorre201061-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The indebted lower classes did not benefit from the devaluation, as the high inflation ate into the purchasing power of their money.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201061_30-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorre201061-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The result was social unrest.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201063_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorre201063-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 22 August 1303 this practice led to a two-thirds loss in the value of the <i>livres, sous</i> and <i>deniers</i> in circulation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201064_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorre201064-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The defeat at the battle of Golden Spurs in 1302 was a crushing blow to French finance: the 15 months which followed this battle saw a depreciation of the currency by 37%, and new decrees were issued forbidding the export of gold and silver abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201064_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorre201064-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The royal government had to order officials and subjects to provide all or half, respectively, of their silver vessels for minting into coins.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201064_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorre201064-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New taxes were levied to pay for the deficit.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201064_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorre201064-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As people attempted to move their wealth out of the country in non-monetary form, Philip banned merchandise exports without royal approval.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201064_33-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorre201064-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The king obtained another crusade tithe from the pope and returned the royal treasure to the Temple to gain the Templars as his creditors again.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201064_33-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorre201064-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite their consequences these decisions were not considered immoral at that time, as they were the prince's accepted right, and this right could be taken far if a special situation, such as war, justified it. Furthermore, the issue of coins with a lower content of silver was needed to maintain circulation, in a context where the inflation of silver produced a severe scarcity of currency due to the ongoing commercial revolution.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201061_30-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorre201061-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Revaluation">Revaluation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_IV_of_France&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Revaluation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After bringing the Flemish War to a victorious conclusion in 1305, Philip on 8 June 1306 ordered the silver content of new coinage to be raised back to its 1285 level of 3.96 grams of silver per <i>livre</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201065_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorre201065-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To harmonize the strength of the old and new currencies, the debased coinage of 1303 was devalued accordingly by two-thirds.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201065_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorre201065-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The debtors were driven to penury by the need to repay their loans in the new, strong currency.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201065_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorre201065-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to rioting in Paris on 30 December 1306, forcing Philip to briefly seek refuge in the Paris Temple, the headquarters of the Knights Templar.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Perhaps seeking to control the silver of the Jewish mints to put the revaluation to effect, Philip ordered the expulsion of the <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> on 22 July 1306 and confiscated their property on 23 August, collecting at least 140,000 LP with this measure.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201065_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorre201065-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the Jews gone, Philip appointed royal guardians to collect the loans made by the Jews, and the money was passed to the Crown. After Philip, his son <a href="/wiki/Louis_X_of_France" title="Louis X of France">Louis X of France</a>, in 1315, invited Jews back with an offer of 12 years under a strict charter.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChazan197979_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChazan197979-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Philip levied taxes on the French clergy of one half their annual income, he caused an uproar within the Catholic Church and the papacy, prompting <a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_VIII" title="Pope Boniface VIII">Pope Boniface VIII</a> to issue the <a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">bull</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Clericis_Laicos" class="mw-redirect" title="Clericis Laicos">Clericis Laicos</a></i> (1296), forbidding the transference of any church property to the French Crown.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOzment1980145_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOzment1980145-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Philip retaliated by forbidding the removal of bullion from France.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOzment1980145_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOzment1980145-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1297, Boniface agreed to Philip's taxation of the clergy in emergencies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOzment1980145_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOzment1980145-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1301, Philip had the bishop of Pamier arrested for treason.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack198248_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack198248-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boniface called French bishops to Rome to discuss Philip's actions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack198248_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack198248-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response, Philip convoked an assembly of bishops, nobles and grand bourgeois of Paris in order to condemn the Pope.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack198248_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack198248-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This precursor to the <a href="/wiki/Estates_General_(France)" title="Estates General (France)">Estates General</a> appeared for the first time during his reign, a measure of the professionalism and order that his ministers were introducing into government. This assembly, which was composed of clergy, nobles, and burghers, gave support to Philip.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack198248_39-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack198248-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Boniface retaliated with the famous bull <i><a href="/wiki/Unam_Sanctam" class="mw-redirect" title="Unam Sanctam">Unam Sanctam</a></i> (1302), a declaration of papal supremacy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack198248_39-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack198248-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Philip gained victory, after having sent his agent <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_de_Nogaret" title="Guillaume de Nogaret">Guillaume de Nogaret</a> to arrest Boniface at <a href="/wiki/Anagni" title="Anagni">Anagni</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELerner19685_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELerner19685-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pope escaped but died soon afterward.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELerner19685_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELerner19685-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The French archbishop Bertrand de Goth was elected pope as <a href="/wiki/Clement_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Clement V">Clement V</a> and thus began the so-called <a href="/wiki/Avignon_Papacy" title="Avignon Papacy">Babylonian Captivity of the papacy</a> (1309–76), during which the official seat of the papacy moved to <a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a>, an enclave surrounded by French territories, and was subjected to French control. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Suppression_of_the_Knights_Templar">Suppression of the Knights Templar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_IV_of_France&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Suppression of the Knights Templar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Templars_on_Stake_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Templars_on_Stake_02.jpg/220px-Templars_on_Stake_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Templars_on_Stake_02.jpg/330px-Templars_on_Stake_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Templars_on_Stake_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="448" /></a><figcaption>Templars burned at the stake. Painting made in 1480.</figcaption></figure> <p>Philip was substantially in debt to the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a>, a monastic <a href="/wiki/Military_order_(society)" class="mw-redirect" title="Military order (society)">military order</a> whose original role as protectors of Christian pilgrims in the <a href="/wiki/Latin_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin East">Latin East</a> had been largely replaced by banking and other commercial activities by the end of the 13th century.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the popularity of the Crusades had decreased, support for the military orders had waned, and Philip used a disgruntled complaint against the Knights Templar as an excuse to move against the entire organization as it existed in France, in part to free himself from his debts. Other motives appear to have included concern over perceived heresy, assertion of French control over a weakened Papacy, and finally, the substitution of royal officials for officers of the Temple in the financial management of French government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson2004226_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson2004226-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Recent studies emphasize the political and religious motivations of Philip the Fair and his ministers (especially <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_de_Nogaret" title="Guillaume de Nogaret">Guillaume de Nogaret</a>). It seems that, with the "discovery" and repression of the "Templars' heresy", the Capetian monarchy claimed for itself the mystic foundations of the papal theocracy. The Temple case was the last step of a process of appropriating these foundations, which had begun with the Franco-papal rift at the time of Boniface VIII. Being the ultimate defender of the Catholic faith, the Capetian king was invested with a Christ-like function that put him above the pope. What was at stake in the Templars' trial, then, was the establishment of a "royal theocracy".<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At daybreak on Friday, 13 October 1307, hundreds of Templars in France were simultaneously arrested by agents of Philip the Fair, to be later tortured into admitting heresy in the Order.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarber20121_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarber20121-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Templars were supposedly answerable only to the Pope, but Philip used his influence over <a href="/wiki/Clement_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Clement V">Clement V</a>, who was largely his pawn, to disband the organization. Pope Clement did attempt to hold proper trials, but Philip used the previously forced confessions to have many Templars burned at the stake before they could mount a proper defence. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Philippe_IV_le_Bel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Philippe_IV_le_Bel.jpg/220px-Philippe_IV_le_Bel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Philippe_IV_le_Bel.jpg/330px-Philippe_IV_le_Bel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Philippe_IV_le_Bel.jpg/440px-Philippe_IV_le_Bel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1645" data-file-height="2350" /></a><figcaption>Philip IV the Fair from <i>Recueil des rois de France</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Jean_du_Tillet,_sieur_de_La_Bussi%C3%A8re" title="Jean du Tillet, sieur de La Bussière">Jean du Tillet</a>, 1550</figcaption></figure> <p>In March 1314, Philip had <a href="/wiki/Jacques_de_Molay" title="Jacques de Molay">Jacques de Molay</a>, the last Grand Master of the Temple, and <a href="/wiki/Geoffroi_de_Charney" title="Geoffroi de Charney">Geoffroi de Charney</a>, Preceptor of Normandy, burned at the stake. An account of the event goes as follows: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The cardinals dallied with their duty until March 1314, (<i>exact day is disputed by scholars</i>) when, on a scaffold in front of Notre Dame, Jacques de Molay, Templar Grand Master, Geoffroi de Charney, Master of Normandy, <a href="/wiki/Hugues_de_Pairaud" title="Hugues de Pairaud">Hugues de Peraud</a>, Visitor of France, and <a href="/wiki/Geoffroi_de_Gonneville" class="mw-redirect" title="Geoffroi de Gonneville">Godefroi de Gonneville</a>, Master of Aquitaine, were brought forth from the jail in which for nearly seven years they had lain, to receive the sentence agreed upon by the cardinals, in conjunction with the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Sens" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Sens">Archbishop of Sens</a> and some other prelates whom they had called in. Considering the offences, which the culprits had confessed and confirmed, the penance imposed was in accordance with rule – that of perpetual imprisonment. The affair was supposed to be concluded when, to the dismay of the prelates and wonderment of the assembled crowd, de Molay and Geoffroi de Charney arose. They had been guilty, they said, not of the crimes imputed to them, but of basely betraying their Order to save their own lives. It was pure and holy; the charges were fictitious and the confessions false. Hastily the cardinals delivered them to the <a href="/wiki/Provost_of_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Provost of Paris">Prevot of Paris</a>, and retired to deliberate on this unexpected contingency, but they were saved all trouble. When the news was carried to Philippe he was furious. A short consultation with his council only was required. The canons pronounced that a relapsed heretic was to be burned without a hearing; the facts were notorious and no formal judgment by the papal commission need be waited for. That same day, by sunset, a stake was erected on a small island in the <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ile_des_Juifs" class="mw-redirect" title="Ile des Juifs">Ile des Juifs</a>, near the palace garden. There de Molay and de Charney were slowly burned to death, refusing all offers of pardon for retraction, and bearing their torment with a composure which won for them the reputation of martyrs among the people, who reverently collected their ashes as relics.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>After a little over a month, Pope Clement V died of disease thought to be <a href="/wiki/Lupus" title="Lupus">lupus</a>, and in eight months Philip IV, at the age of forty-six, died in a hunting accident. This gave rise to the legend that de Molay had cited them before the tribunal of God, which became popular among the French population. Even in Germany, Philip's death was spoken of as a retribution for his destruction of the Templars, and Clement was described as shedding tears of remorse on his deathbed for three great crimes, namely the poisoning of <a href="/wiki/Henry_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor</a>, and the ruin of the <a href="/wiki/Templars" class="mw-redirect" title="Templars">Templars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beguines" class="mw-redirect" title="Beguines">Beguines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within fourteen years the throne passed rapidly through Philip's sons, who died relatively young, and without producing male heirs. By 1328, his male line was extinguished, and the throne had passed to the line of his brother, the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Valois" title="House of Valois">House of Valois</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tour_de_Nesle_affair">Tour de Nesle affair</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_IV_of_France&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Tour de Nesle affair"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1314, the daughters-in-law of Philip IV, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Burgundy,_Queen_of_France" title="Margaret of Burgundy, Queen of France">Margaret of Burgundy</a> (wife of Louis X) and <a href="/wiki/Blanche_of_Burgundy" title="Blanche of Burgundy">Blanche of Burgundy</a> (wife of Charles IV) were accused of adultery and their alleged lovers (Phillipe d'Aunay and Gauthier d'Aunay) tortured, <a href="/wiki/Flayed" class="mw-redirect" title="Flayed">flayed</a> and executed in what has come to be known as the <a href="/wiki/Tour_de_Nesle_affair" title="Tour de Nesle affair">Tour de Nesle affair</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Affaire de la tour de Nesle</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradbury2007275_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradbury2007275-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A third daughter-in-law, <a href="/wiki/Joan_II,_Countess_of_Burgundy" title="Joan II, Countess of Burgundy">Joan II, Countess of Burgundy</a> (wife of Philip V), was accused of knowledge of the affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradbury2007275_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradbury2007275-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin: 0.3em auto auto; clear:none; min-width:60em; width:auto; 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.navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:left"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:House_of_Capet_family_tree" title="Template:House of Capet family tree"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:House_of_Capet_family_tree" title="Template talk:House of Capet family tree"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:House_of_Capet_family_tree" title="Special:EditPage/Template:House of Capet family tree"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><a href="/wiki/House_of_Capet" title="House of Capet">House of Capet</a> during the 1314 <a href="/wiki/Tour_de_Nesle_affair" title="Tour de Nesle affair">Tour de Nesle affair</a> succession crisis </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_France" title="Philip III of France">Philip the Bold</a><br />(1245–1285)<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_(France_Ancien).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg/15px-Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg/23px-Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg/30px-Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> <b>Philip III, King of France</b><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1270–1285</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Joan_I_of_Navarre" title="Joan I of Navarre">Joan of Navarre</a><br />(1273–1305)<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg/15px-File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg/23px-File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg/30px-File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="778" data-file-height="924" /></a></span> <b>Joan I, Queen of Navarre</b><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1274–1305</span></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Philip the Fair</a><br />(1268–1314)<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg/15px-File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg/23px-File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg/30px-File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="778" data-file-height="924" /></a></span> <b>Philip I, King of Navarre</b><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1284–1305</span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_(France_Ancien).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg/15px-Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg/23px-Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg/30px-Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> <b>Philip IV, King of France</b><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1285–1314</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Charles,_Count_of_Valois" title="Charles, Count of Valois">Charles of Valois</a><br />(1270–1325)</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Louis_X_of_France" title="Louis X of France">Louis the Quarreller</a><br />(1289–1316)<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg/15px-File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg/23px-File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg/30px-File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="778" data-file-height="924" /></a></span> <b>Louis I, King of Navarre</b><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1305–1316</span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_(France_Ancien).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg/15px-Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg/23px-Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg/30px-Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> <b>Louis X, King of France</b><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1314–1316</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_France" title="Philip V of France">Philip the Tall</a><br />(1293–1322)<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_(France_Ancien).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg/15px-Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg/23px-Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg/30px-Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> <b>Philip V, King of France</b><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1316–1322</span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg/15px-File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg/23px-File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg/30px-File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="778" data-file-height="924" /></a></span> <b>Philip II, King of Navarre</b><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1316–1322</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_France" title="Charles IV of France">Charles the Fair<br />Charles the Bald</a><br />(1294–1328)<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_(France_Ancien).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg/15px-Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg/23px-Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg/30px-Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> <b>Charles IV, King of France</b><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1322–1328</span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg/15px-File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg/23px-File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg/30px-File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="778" data-file-height="924" /></a></span> <b>Charles I, King of Navarre</b><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1322–1328</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_France" title="Isabella of France">Isabella of France</a><br />(<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1295</span>–1358)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Edward_II_of_England" title="Edward II of England">Edward of Caernarfon</a><br />(1284–1327)<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_arms_of_England.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/15px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/23px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/30px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></a></span> <b>Edward II, King of England</b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Philip_VI_of_France" title="Philip VI of France">Philip the Fortunate<br />Philip of Valois</a><br />(1293–1350)<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_(France_Ancien).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg/15px-Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg/23px-Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg/30px-Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> <b>Philip VI, King of France</b><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1328–1350</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/John_I_of_France" title="John I of France">John the Posthumous</a><br />(1316)<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_(France_Ancien).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg/15px-Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg/23px-Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg/30px-Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> <b>John I, King of France</b><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg/15px-File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg/23px-File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg/30px-File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="778" data-file-height="924" /></a></span> <b>John I, King of Navarre</b><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1316</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Joan_II_of_Navarre" title="Joan II of Navarre">Joan of Navarre</a><br />(1312–1349)<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg/15px-File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg/23px-File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg/30px-File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="778" data-file-height="924" /></a></span> <b>Joan II, Queen of Navarre</b><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1328–1349</span></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Joan_III,_Countess_of_Burgundy" title="Joan III, Countess of Burgundy">Joan III</a><br />(1308–1347)<br />Countess of Burgundy</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Edward_III_of_England" title="Edward III of England">Edward of Windsor</a><br />(1312–1377)<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Arms_of_England_(1340-1367).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Royal_Arms_of_England_%281340-1367%29.svg/15px-Royal_Arms_of_England_%281340-1367%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Royal_Arms_of_England_%281340-1367%29.svg/23px-Royal_Arms_of_England_%281340-1367%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Royal_Arms_of_England_%281340-1367%29.svg/30px-Royal_Arms_of_England_%281340-1367%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></a></span> <b>Edward III, King of England</b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/John_II_of_France" title="John II of France">John the Good</a><br />(1319–1364)<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_(France_Ancien).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg/15px-Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg/23px-Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg/30px-Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> <b>John II, King of France</b><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1350–1364</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Navarre" title="Charles II of Navarre">Charles the Bad</a><br />(1332–1387)<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg/15px-File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg/23px-File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg/30px-File-Evolution_Coat_of_Arms_of_Navarre-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="778" data-file-height="924" /></a></span> <b>Charles II, King of Navarre</b><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1349–1387</span></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Valois,_Queen_of_Navarre" title="Joan of Valois, Queen of Navarre">Joan of Valois</a><br />(1343–1373)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Charles_V_of_France" title="Charles V of France">Charles the Wise</a><br />(1338–1380)<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_(France_Ancien).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg/15px-Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg/23px-Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg/30px-Arms_of_the_Kings_of_France_%28France_Ancien%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> <b>Charles V, King of France</b><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1364–1380</span></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_IV_of_France&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Philip_IV_of_France_lying_in_state.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Philip_IV_of_France_lying_in_state.jpg/220px-Philip_IV_of_France_lying_in_state.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Philip_IV_of_France_lying_in_state.jpg/330px-Philip_IV_of_France_lying_in_state.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Philip_IV_of_France_lying_in_state.jpg/440px-Philip_IV_of_France_lying_in_state.jpg 2x" data-file-width="761" data-file-height="511" /></a><figcaption>Philip's body <a href="/wiki/Lying_in_state" title="Lying in state">lying in state</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomb_of_Philippe_le_Bel_in_SaintDenis.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Tomb_of_Philippe_le_Bel_in_SaintDenis.JPG/220px-Tomb_of_Philippe_le_Bel_in_SaintDenis.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Tomb_of_Philippe_le_Bel_in_SaintDenis.JPG/330px-Tomb_of_Philippe_le_Bel_in_SaintDenis.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Tomb_of_Philippe_le_Bel_in_SaintDenis.JPG/440px-Tomb_of_Philippe_le_Bel_in_SaintDenis.JPG 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="411" /></a><figcaption>Tomb of Philip IV in the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint-Denis" title="Basilica of Saint-Denis">Basilica of Saint-Denis</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Philip had a cerebral <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">stroke</a> during a hunt at <a href="/wiki/Pont-Sainte-Maxence" title="Pont-Sainte-Maxence">Pont-Sainte-Maxence</a> (<a href="/wiki/Forest_of_Halatte" title="Forest of Halatte">Forest of Halatte</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHenneman201530_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHenneman201530-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and died a few weeks later, on 29 November 1314, at <a href="/wiki/Fontainebleau" title="Fontainebleau">Fontainebleau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradbury2007276_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradbury2007276-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is buried in the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint-Denis" title="Basilica of Saint-Denis">Basilica of Saint-Denis</a>. Philip was succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Louis_X_of_France" title="Louis X of France">Louis X</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHenneman201530_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHenneman201530-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Issue">Issue</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_IV_of_France&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Issue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Filip4_familie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Filip4_familie.jpg/220px-Filip4_familie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Filip4_familie.jpg/330px-Filip4_familie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Filip4_familie.jpg/440px-Filip4_familie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="506" /></a><figcaption>Relatives console Philip IV.</figcaption></figure> <p>The children of Philip IV of France and <a href="/wiki/Joan_I_of_Navarre" title="Joan I of Navarre">Joan I of Navarre</a> were: </p> <ol><li>Margaret (c. 1288, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> – d. 1300, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>). Died in childhood, betrothed to <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV_of_Castile" title="Ferdinand IV of Castile">Infante Ferdinand of Castile</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor2006141_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2006141-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_X_of_France" title="Louis X of France">Louis X</a> (4 October 1289 – 5 June 1316)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarner20168_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarner20168-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Blanche (1290, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> – after 13 April 1294, <a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis">Saint Denis</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodacre2013Chart_I_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodacre2013Chart_I-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Died in childhood, but betrothed in December 1291 (aged one) to <i>Infante Ferdinand of Castile</i>, later <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV_of_Castile" title="Ferdinand IV of Castile">Ferdinand IV of Castile</a>. Blanche was buried in the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_St_Denis" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of St Denis">Basilica of St Denis</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_France" title="Philip V of France">Philip V</a> (c. 1291 – 3 January 1322)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarner20168_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarner20168-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_France" title="Charles IV of France">Charles IV</a> (1294 – 1 February 1328)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarner20168_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarner20168-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_France" title="Isabella of France">Isabella</a> (c. 1295 – 23 August 1358). Married <a href="/wiki/Edward_II_of_England" title="Edward II of England">Edward II of England</a> and was the mother of <a href="/wiki/Edward_III_of_England" title="Edward III of England">Edward III of England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarner20168_53-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarner20168-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_of_France_(died_1308)" title="Robert of France (died 1308)">Robert</a> (1296, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> – August 1308, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Germain-en-Laye" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Germain-en-Laye">Saint Germain-en-Laye</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodacre2013Chart_I_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodacre2013Chart_I-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Flores historiarum</i> of <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Gui" title="Bernard Gui">Bernard Guidonis</a> names "<i>Robertum</i>" as youngest of the four sons of Philip IV of France, adding that he died "<i>in flore adolescentiæ suæ</i>" ("in the flower of youth") and was buried "<i>in monasterio sororum de Pyssiaco</i>" ("in the monastery of the Sisters of Pyssiaco") in August 1308. Betrothed in October 1306 (aged ten) to <a href="/wiki/Constance_of_Sicily,_Queen_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Constance of Sicily, Queen of Cyprus">Constance of Sicily</a>.</li></ol> <p>All three of Philip's sons who reached adulthood became kings of France and Navarre, and Isabella, his only surviving daughter, was the queen of England as consort to <a href="/wiki/Edward_II_of_England" title="Edward II of England">Edward II</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_fiction">In fiction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_IV_of_France&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: In fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a> often refers to Philip in <i><a href="/wiki/La_Divina_Commedia" class="mw-redirect" title="La Divina Commedia">La Divina Commedia</a></i>, never by name but as the "mal di Francia" (plague of France).<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is possible that Dante hides further the person of the king behind 7 figures: Cerbero, Pluto, Filippo Argenti (<i>Philippe</i> <i>de l'argent</i>), Capaneo, Gerione, Nembrot, in the <i>Inferno,</i> and the Giant in the <i>Purgatorio</i> killed by the "515". These representations are centered around Capaneo, referring to the myth of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_against_Thebes" title="Seven against Thebes">Seven against Thebes</a>, and are related to the <a href="/wiki/The_Beast_(Revelation)" title="The Beast (Revelation)">Beast from the Sea</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Revelation of St. John</a>, whose seventh head, like the Giant, is also killed. Such a scheme is related to the transposition of the Revelation in the history, according to the ideas of <a href="/wiki/Joachim_of_Fiore" title="Joachim of Fiore">Joachim of Fiore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Philip is the title character in <i>Le Roi de fer</i> (1955), translated as <i>The Iron King</i>, the first novel in <i><a href="/wiki/Les_Rois_maudits" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Rois maudits">Les Rois maudits</a></i> (<i>The Accursed Kings</i>), a series of French <a href="/wiki/Historical_novel" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical novel">historical novels</a> by <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Druon" title="Maurice Druon">Maurice Druon</a>. The next six entries in the series follow the descendants of Philip, including both his sons <a href="/wiki/Louis_X_of_France" title="Louis X of France">Louis X</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_France" title="Philip V of France">Philip V</a> and his daughter <a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_France" title="Isabella of France">Isabella of France</a>. He was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Georges_Marchal" title="Georges Marchal">Georges Marchal</a> in the 1972 French <a href="/wiki/Miniseries" title="Miniseries">miniseries</a> adaptation of the series, and by <a href="/wiki/Tch%C3%A9ky_Karyo" title="Tchéky Karyo">Tchéky Karyo</a> in the 2005 adaptation.<sup id="cite_ref-Rois_2005_Official_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rois_2005_Official-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rois_2005_AlloCiné_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rois_2005_AlloCiné-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The court of <a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_the_Fair" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip IV the Fair">Philip IV of France</a> and Philip himself attended the execution of <a href="/wiki/Jacques_de_Molay" title="Jacques de Molay">Jacques de Molay</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Assassin%27s_Creed_Unity" title="Assassin's Creed Unity">Assassin's Creed Unity</a></i>. In the television series <i><a href="/wiki/Knightfall_(TV_series)" title="Knightfall (TV series)">Knightfall</a></i> (2017), Philip is portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Ed_Stoppard" title="Ed Stoppard">Ed Stoppard</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_IV_of_France&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<i>Ce n'est ni un homme ni une bête. C'est une statue.</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEContamineKerhervéRigaudière2007142_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEContamineKerhervéRigaudière2007142-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bradbury states Philip fell from his horse, broke his leg which became infected, and died, 29 November 1314.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradbury2007276_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradbury2007276-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_IV_of_France&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRichardson2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Richardson" title="Douglas Richardson">Richardson, Douglas</a> (2011). Kimball G. Everingham (ed.). <i>Plantagenet Ancestry</i>. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mediaeval+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Prince+is+Father+of+the+King%3A+The+Character+and+Childhood+of+Philip+the+Fair+of+France&rft.volume=49&rft.pages=282-334&rft.date=1987&rft.issn=0076-5872&rft.eissn=2507-0436&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1484%2FJ.MS.2.306887&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+IV+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuillaume_d'Ercuis" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_d%27Ercuis" title="Guillaume d'Ercuis">Guillaume d'Ercuis</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061117080733/http://aedilis.irht.cnrs.fr/jeudis9900/jeudis_problematique_det3.htm"><i>Livre de raison</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aedilis.irht.cnrs.fr/jeudis9900/jeudis_problematique_det3.htm">the original</a> on 17 November 2006</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Livre+de+raison&rft.au=Guillaume+d%27Ercuis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faedilis.irht.cnrs.fr%2Fjeudis9900%2Fjeudis_problematique_det3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+IV+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrayer198010-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrayer198010_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrayer198010_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStrayer1980">Strayer 1980</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrayer198010–11-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrayer198010–11_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStrayer1980">Strayer 1980</a>, pp. 10–11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarner201634-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarner201634_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWarner2016">Warner 2016</a>, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrayer19809–10-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrayer19809–10_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStrayer1980">Strayer 1980</a>, pp. 9–10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrayer19809-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrayer19809_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrayer19809_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrayer19809_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStrayer1980">Strayer 1980</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJostkleigrewe201855-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJostkleigrewe201855_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJostkleigrewe2018">Jostkleigrewe 2018</a>, p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarber201229-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarber201229_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarber2012">Barber 2012</a>, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rois50-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rois50_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rois50_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Les Rois de France, p. 50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfe200951-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolfe200951_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWolfe2009">Wolfe 2009</a>, p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECurveiller198934-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurveiller198934_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCurveiller1989">Curveiller 1989</a>, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETucker2010295-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETucker2010295_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTucker2010">Tucker 2010</a>, p. 295.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRossabi2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Morris_Rossabi" title="Morris Rossabi">Rossabi, 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id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETorre201059-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201059_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201059_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201059_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201059_29-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTorre2010">Torre 2010</a>, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETorre201061-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201061_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201061_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201061_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201061_30-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorre201061_30-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a 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Mises Institute<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Phoenix. p. 255. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84212-142-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84212-142-9"><bdi>978-1-84212-142-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Templars&rft.pages=255&rft.pub=Phoenix&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-84212-142-9&rft.aulast=Read&rft.aufirst=P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+IV+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChazan197979-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChazan197979_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChazan1979">Chazan 1979</a>, p. 79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOzment1980145-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOzment1980145_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOzment1980145_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOzment1980145_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOzment1980">Ozment 1980</a>, p. 145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack198248-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack198248_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack198248_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack198248_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack198248_39-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack198248_39-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlack1982">Black 1982</a>, p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELerner19685-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELerner19685_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELerner19685_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLerner1968">Lerner 1968</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholson2004" class="citation book cs1">Nicholson, Helen (2004). <i>The Knights Templar: a New History</i>. Sutton Pub. pp. 164, 181. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7509-3839-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7509-3839-6"><bdi>978-0-7509-3839-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Knights+Templar%3A+a+New+History&rft.pages=164%2C+181&rft.pub=Sutton+Pub.&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7509-3839-6&rft.aulast=Nicholson&rft.aufirst=Helen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+IV+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson2004226-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson2004226_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNicholson2004">Nicholson 2004</a>, p. 226.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThéry2013" class="citation journal cs1">Théry, Julien (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/4120353">"A Heresy of State: Philip the Fair, the Trial of the 'Perfidious Templar's', and the Pontificalization of the French Monarchy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Medieval_Religious_Cultures" title="Journal of Medieval Religious Cultures">Journal of Medieval Religious Cultures</a></i>. <b>39</b> (2): 117–148. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5325%2Fjmedirelicult.39.2.0117">10.5325/jmedirelicult.39.2.0117</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/jmedirelicult.39.2.0117">10.5325/jmedirelicult.39.2.0117</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159316950">159316950</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medieval+Religious+Cultures&rft.atitle=A+Heresy+of+State%3A+Philip+the+Fair%2C+the+Trial+of+the+%27Perfidious+Templar%27s%27%2C+and+the+Pontificalization+of+the+French+Monarchy&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=117-148&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159316950%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.5325%2Fjmedirelicult.39.2.0117%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5325%2Fjmedirelicult.39.2.0117&rft.aulast=Th%C3%A9ry&rft.aufirst=Julien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F4120353&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+IV+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarber20121-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarber20121_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarber2012">Barber 2012</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stemler, Contingent zur Geschichte der Templer, pp. 20–21. Raynouard, pp. 213–214, 233–235. Wilcke, II. 236, 240. Anton, Versuch, p. 142</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"An Historical Sketch of Sacerdotal Celibacy", "Superstition and Force", "Studies in Church History"; <i>A History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages</i>, Vol III, by Henry Charles Lea, NY: Hamper & Bros, Franklin Sq. 1888 p. 324</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>A History of the Inquisition</i> Vol. 3, Henry Charles Lea, Ch. 326, "Political Heresy – The State", p. 2. Not in copyright</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradbury2007275-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradbury2007275_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradbury2007275_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBradbury2007">Bradbury 2007</a>, p. 275.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHenneman201530-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHenneman201530_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHenneman201530_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHenneman2015">Henneman 2015</a>, p. 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradbury2007276-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradbury2007276_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradbury2007276_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBradbury2007">Bradbury 2007</a>, p. 276.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2006141-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor2006141_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaylor2006">Taylor 2006</a>, p. 141.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarner20168-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarner20168_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarner20168_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarner20168_53-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarner20168_53-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWarner2016">Warner 2016</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodacre2013Chart_I-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodacre2013Chart_I_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodacre2013Chart_I_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoodacre2013">Woodacre 2013</a>, p. Chart I.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDante_Alighieri2003" class="citation book cs1">Dante Alighieri (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jDC5TzskfkoC&pg=PA233"><i>The Portable Dante</i></a>. Penguin Publishing Group. p. 233. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-101-57382-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-101-57382-2"><bdi>978-1-101-57382-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Portable+Dante&rft.pages=233&rft.pub=Penguin+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-101-57382-2&rft.au=Dante+Alighieri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjDC5TzskfkoC%26pg%3DPA233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+IV+of+France" class="Z3988"></span> Note 109</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLombardi2022" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lombardi, Giancarlo (2022). <i>L'Estetica Dantesca del Dualismo</i> (in Italian) (1st ed.). Borgomanero, Novara, Italy: Giuliano Ladolfi Editore. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788866446620" title="Special:BookSources/9788866446620"><bdi>9788866446620</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Estetica+Dantesca+del+Dualismo&rft.place=Borgomanero%2C+Novara%2C+Italy&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Giuliano+Ladolfi+Editore&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=9788866446620&rft.aulast=Lombardi&rft.aufirst=Giancarlo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+IV+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rois_2005_Official-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rois_2005_Official_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090815115847/http://les-rois-maudits.france2.fr/">"Official website: <i>Les Rois maudits</i> (2005 miniseries)"</a> (in French). 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://les-rois-maudits.france2.fr/">the original</a> on 15 August 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website%3A+Les+Rois+maudits+%282005+miniseries%29&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fles-rois-maudits.france2.fr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+IV+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rois_2005_AlloCiné-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rois_2005_AlloCiné_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141219202458/http://www.allocine.fr/series/ficheserie-545/casting/saison-1659/">"<i>Les Rois maudits</i>: Casting de la saison 1"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/AlloCin%C3%A9" title="AlloCiné">AlloCiné</a>. 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allocine.fr/series/ficheserie-545/casting/saison-1659/">the original</a> on 19 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Les+Rois+maudits%3A+Casting+de+la+saison+1&rft.pub=AlloCin%C3%A9&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allocine.fr%2Fseries%2Fficheserie-545%2Fcasting%2Fsaison-1659%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+IV+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_IV_of_France&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams1982" class="citation book cs1">Adams, Charles (1982). <i>Fight, Flight, Fraud: The Story of Taxation</i>. Euro-Dutch Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-686-39619-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-686-39619-2"><bdi>978-0-686-39619-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fight%2C+Flight%2C+Fraud%3A+The+Story+of+Taxation&rft.pub=Euro-Dutch+Publishers&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-686-39619-2&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+IV+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarber2012" class="citation book cs1">Barber, Malcolm (2012). <i>The Trial of the Templars</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-45727-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-45727-9"><bdi>978-0-521-45727-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Trial+of+the+Templars&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-521-45727-9&rft.aulast=Barber&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+IV+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlack1982" class="citation book cs1">Black, Antony (1982). <i>Political Thought in Europe, 1250–1450</i>. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Thought+in+Europe%2C+1250%E2%80%931450&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=Antony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+IV+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradbury2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bradbury" title="Jim Bradbury">Bradbury, Jim</a> (2007). <i>The Capetians: Kings of France 987–1328</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Continuum_International_Publishing_Group" title="Continuum International Publishing Group">Hambledon Continuum</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85285-528-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85285-528-4"><bdi>978-1-85285-528-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Capetians%3A+Kings+of+France+987%E2%80%931328&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hambledon+Continuum&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-85285-528-4&rft.aulast=Bradbury&rft.aufirst=Jim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+IV+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1987" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_A._R._Brown" title="Elizabeth A. R. Brown">Brown, E.</a> (1987). 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Amberley.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Isabella+of+France%2C+The+Rebel+Queen&rft.pub=Amberley&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Warner&rft.aufirst=Kathryn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+IV+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolfe2009" class="citation book cs1">Wolfe, Michael (2009). <i>Walled Towns and the Shaping of France: From the Medieval to the Early Modern Era</i>. Palgrave Macmillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Walled+Towns+and+the+Shaping+of+France%3A+From+the+Medieval+to+the+Early+Modern+Era&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Wolfe&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+IV+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodacre2013" class="citation book cs1">Woodacre, Elena (2013). <i>The Queens Regnant of Navarre</i>. Palgrave Macmillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Queens+Regnant+of+Navarre&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Woodacre&rft.aufirst=Elena&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+IV+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_IV_of_France&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Philip_IV_of_France" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Philip IV of France">Philip IV of France</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Philip IV. of France"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Philip_IV._of_France">"Philip IV. of France" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. XVIII (9th ed.). 1885. p. 743.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Philip+IV.+of+France&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=743&rft.edition=9th&rft.date=1885&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+IV+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Philip IV., king of France"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Philip_IV.,_king_of_France">"Philip IV., king of France" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 381–382.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Philip+IV.%2C+king+of+France&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=381-382&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+IV+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoyau1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Goyau" title="Georges Goyau">Goyau, G.</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Philip IV"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Philip_IV">"Philip IV" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Charles_George_Herbermann" title="Charles George Herbermann">Herbermann, Charles</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Philip+IV&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Goyau&rft.aufirst=G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+IV+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothbard2009" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Rothbard, M.</a> (12 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091127051824/https://mises.org/daily/3861">"The Great Depression of the 14th Century"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/daily/3861">the original</a> on 27 November 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Great+Depression+of+the+14th+Century&rft.date=2009-11-12&rft.aulast=Rothbard&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmises.org%2Fdaily%2F3861&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+IV+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchein1979" class="citation journal cs1">Schein, S. (1 October 1979). "Gesta Dei per Mongolos 1300. <i>The genesis of a non-event</i>". <i><a href="/wiki/The_English_Historical_Review" title="The English Historical Review">The English Historical Review</a></i>. <b>94</b> (373): 805–819. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fehr%2FXCIV.CCCLXXIII.805">10.1093/ehr/XCIV.CCCLXXIII.805</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/565554">565554</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+English+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=Gesta+Dei+per+Mongolos+1300.+The+genesis+of+a+non-event&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=373&rft.pages=805-819&rft.date=1979-10-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fehr%2FXCIV.CCCLXXIII.805&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F565554%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Schein&rft.aufirst=S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+IV+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThéry2004" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Théry, Julien (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/499320">"Philippe le Bel, pape en son royaume"</a>, <i><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Histoire" class="extiw" title="fr:L'Histoire">L'Histoire</a></i> (in French), vol. 289, pp. 14–17</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L%27Histoire&rft.atitle=Philippe+le+Bel%2C+pape+en+son+royaume&rft.volume=289&rft.pages=14-17&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Th%C3%A9ry&rft.aufirst=Julien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F499320&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+IV+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Philip IV of France </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Capet" title="House of Capet">House of Capet</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 1268</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 29 November 1314</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_France" title="Philip III of France">Philip III</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/King_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="King of France">King of France</a> </b><br />1285–1314 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Louis_X_of_France" title="Louis X of France">Louis X and I</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joan_I_of_Navarre" title="Joan I of Navarre">Joan I</a></div><i><b>as sole ruler </b></i> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/King_of_Navarre" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Navarre">King of Navarre</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Champagne" title="Count of Champagne">Count of Champagne</a> </b><br />1284–1305 <br />With: <b> <a href="/wiki/Joan_I_of_Navarre" title="Joan I of Navarre">Joan I</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_France" title="Template:Monarchs of France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchs_of_France" title="Template talk:Monarchs of France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs of France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Monarchs of France</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_French_monarchs" title="Family tree of French monarchs">Detailed family tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_French_monarchs_(simple)" class="mw-redirect" title="Family tree of French monarchs (simple)">Simplified family tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Frankish_kings" title="List of Frankish kings">List of Frankish kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_monarchs" title="List of French monarchs">List of French monarchs</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_dynasty" title="Merovingian dynasty">Merovingians</a> (509–751)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_I" title="Clovis I">Clovis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childebert_I" title="Childebert I">Childebert I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlothar_I" title="Chlothar I">Chlothar I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charibert_I" title="Charibert I">Charibert I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guntram" title="Guntram">Guntram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilperic_I" title="Chilperic I">Chilperic I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigebert_I" title="Sigebert I">Sigebert I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childebert_II" title="Childebert II">Childebert II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlothar_II" title="Chlothar II">Chlothar II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagobert_I" title="Dagobert I">Dagobert I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigebert_II" title="Sigebert II">Sigebert II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_II" title="Clovis II">Clovis II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlothar_III" title="Chlothar III">Chlothar III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childeric_II" title="Childeric II">Childeric II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theuderic_III" title="Theuderic III">Theuderic III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_IV" title="Clovis IV">Clovis IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childebert_III" title="Childebert III">Childebert III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagobert_III" title="Dagobert III">Dagobert III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilperic_II" title="Chilperic II">Chilperic II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlothar_IV" title="Chlothar IV">Chlothar IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theuderic_IV" title="Theuderic IV">Theuderic IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childeric_III" title="Childeric III">Childeric III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingians</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Robertians" title="Robertians">Robertians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bosonids" title="Bosonids">Bosonids</a> (751–987)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pepin_the_Short" title="Pepin the Short">Pepin the Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carloman_I" title="Carloman I">Carloman I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> (Charles I)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Stammerer" title="Louis the Stammerer">Louis II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_III_of_France" title="Louis III of France">Louis III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carloman_II" title="Carloman II">Carloman II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Fat" title="Charles the Fat">Charles the Fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odo_of_France" title="Odo of France">Odo</a><sup><i>R</i></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Simple" title="Charles the Simple">Charles III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_I_of_France" title="Robert I of France">Robert I</a><sup><i>R</i></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_of_France" title="Rudolph of France">Rudolph</a><sup><i>B</i></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IV_of_France" title="Louis IV of France">Louis IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_of_France" title="Lothair of France">Lothair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_V_of_France" title="Louis V of France">Louis V</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Capet" title="House of Capet">House of Capet</a> (987–1328)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Capet" title="Hugh Capet">Hugh Capet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_II_of_France" title="Robert II of France">Robert II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_France" title="Henry I of France">Henry I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_I_of_France" title="Philip I of France">Philip I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_VI_of_France" title="Louis VI of France">Louis VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_VII_of_France" title="Louis VII of France">Louis VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_France" title="Philip II of France">Philip II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_VIII_of_France" title="Louis VIII of France">Louis VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">Louis IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_France" title="Philip III of France">Philip III</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Philip IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_X_of_France" title="Louis X of France">Louis X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_I_of_France" title="John I of France">John I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_France" title="Philip V of France">Philip V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_France" title="Charles IV of France">Charles IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Valois" title="House of Valois">House of Valois</a> (1328–1589)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_VI_of_France" title="Philip VI of France">Philip VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_II_of_France" title="John II of France">John II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V_of_France" title="Charles V of France">Charles V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI_of_France" title="Charles VI of France">Charles VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France" title="Charles VII of France">Charles VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XI" title="Louis XI">Louis XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VIII_of_France" title="Charles VIII of France">Charles VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XII" title="Louis XII">Louis XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_France" title="Francis I of France">Francis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_France" title="Henry II of France">Henry II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II_of_France" title="Francis II of France">Francis II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IX_of_France" title="Charles IX of France">Charles IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_France" title="Henry III of France">Henry III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><i><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lancaster" title="House of Lancaster">House of Lancaster</a></i> <i>(1422–1453)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Henry VI of England</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a> (1589–1792)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII" title="Louis XIII">Louis XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XV" title="Louis XV">Louis XV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVII" title="Louis XVII">Louis XVII</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bonaparte" title="House of Bonaparte">House of Bonaparte</a> (1804–1814; 1815)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_II" title="Napoleon II">Napoleon II</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a> (1814–1815; 1815–1830)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Louis XVIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles X</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine,_Duke_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême">Louis XIX</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henri,_Count_of_Chambord" title="Henri, Count of Chambord">Henry V</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="House of Orléans">House of Orléans</a> (1830–1848)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I" title="Louis Philippe I">Louis Philippe I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prince_Philippe,_Count_of_Paris" title="Prince Philippe, Count of Paris">Louis Philippe II</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bonaparte" title="House of Bonaparte">House of Bonaparte</a> (1852–1870)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Debatable or disputed rulers are in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_Navarre" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navarrese_monarchs" title="Template:Navarrese monarchs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navarrese_monarchs" title="Template talk:Navarrese monarchs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navarrese_monarchs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navarrese monarchs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_Navarre" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Navarrese_monarchs" title="List of Navarrese monarchs">Monarchs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre" title="Kingdom of Navarre">Navarre</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">House of Íñiguez</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8D%C3%B1igo_Arista_of_Pamplona" class="mw-redirect" title="Íñigo Arista of Pamplona">Íñigo Arista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_%C3%8D%C3%B1iguez_of_Pamplona" class="mw-redirect" title="García Íñiguez of Pamplona">García Íñiguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort%C3%BAn_Garc%C3%A9s_of_Pamplona" title="Fortún Garcés of Pamplona">Fortún Garcés</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jim%C3%A9nez_dynasty" title="Jiménez dynasty">House of Jiménez</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_I_of_Pamplona" title="Sancho I of Pamplona">Sancho I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimeno_Garc%C3%A9s_of_Pamplona" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimeno Garcés of Pamplona">Jimeno Garcés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_S%C3%A1nchez_I_of_Pamplona" title="García Sánchez I of Pamplona">García Sánchez I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_II_of_Pamplona" title="Sancho II of Pamplona">Sancho II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_S%C3%A1nchez_II_of_Pamplona" title="García Sánchez II of Pamplona">García Sánchez II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_III_of_Pamplona" title="Sancho III of Pamplona">Sancho III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_S%C3%A1nchez_III_of_Pamplona" title="García Sánchez III of Pamplona">García Sánchez III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_IV_of_Pamplona" title="Sancho IV of Pamplona">Sancho IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_Ram%C3%ADrez" title="Sancho Ramírez">Sancho V</a><sup>A</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_I_of_Aragon_and_Pamplona" title="Peter I of Aragon and Pamplona">Peter I</a><sup>A</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_the_Battler" title="Alfonso the Battler">Alfonso I</a><sup>A</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_Ram%C3%ADrez_of_Navarre" title="García Ramírez of Navarre">García Ramírez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_VI_of_Navarre" title="Sancho VI of Navarre">Sancho VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_VII_of_Navarre" title="Sancho VII of Navarre">Sancho VII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Champagne" title="Count of Champagne">House of Champagne</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theobald_I_of_Navarre" title="Theobald I of Navarre">Theobald I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobald_II_of_Navarre" title="Theobald II of Navarre">Theobald II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_Navarre" title="Henry I of Navarre">Henry I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_I_of_Navarre" title="Joan I of Navarre">Joan I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Capet" title="House of Capet">House of Capet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Philip I</a><sup>F</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_X_of_France" title="Louis X of France">Louis I</a><sup>F</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_I_of_France" title="John I of France">John I</a><sup>F</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_France" title="Philip V of France">Philip II</a><sup>F</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_France" title="Charles IV of France">Charles I</a><sup>F</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_II_of_Navarre" title="Joan II of Navarre">Joan II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_%C3%89vreux" title="House of Évreux">House of Évreux</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Navarre" title="Philip III of Navarre">Philip III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Navarre" title="Charles II of Navarre">Charles II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Navarre" title="Charles III of Navarre">Charles III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_I_of_Navarre" title="Blanche I of Navarre">Blanche I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Trast%C3%A1mara" title="House of Trastámara">House of Trastámara</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_II_of_Aragon" title="John II of Aragon">John II</a><sup>A</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charles,_Prince_of_Viana" title="Charles, Prince of Viana">Charles IV</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blanche_II_of_Navarre" title="Blanche II of Navarre">Blanche II</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Navarre" title="Eleanor of Navarre">Eleanor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Foix" title="Count of Foix">House of Foix</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Phoebus" title="Francis Phoebus">Francis Phoebus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Navarre" title="Catherine of Navarre">Catherine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Albret" title="Albret">House of Albret</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_III_of_Navarre" title="John III of Navarre">John III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Albret" title="Albret">House of Albret</a> - Lower Navarre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_Navarre" title="Henry II of Navarre">Henry II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Albret" title="Jeanne d'Albret">Joan III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a> - Lower Navarre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_of_Navarre" title="Antoine of Navarre">Antoine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry III</a><sup>F</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII" title="Louis XIII">Louis II</a><sup>F</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis III</a><sup>F</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XV" title="Louis XV">Louis IV</a><sup>F</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis V</a><sup>F</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Louis VI</a><sup>F</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles V</a><sup>F</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Trast%C3%A1mara" title="House of Trastámara">House of Trastámara</a> - Upper Navarre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon" title="Ferdinand II of Aragon">Ferdinand I</a><sup>A</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_of_Castile" title="Joanna of Castile">Joan III</a><sup>S</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a> - Upper Navarre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles IV</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip IV</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Spain" title="Philip III of Spain">Philip V</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain">Philip VI</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Spain" title="Charles II of Spain">Charles V</a><sup>S</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a> - Upper Navarre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">Philip VII</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Spain" title="Louis I of Spain">Louis II</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VI" title="Ferdinand VI">Ferdinand II</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Charles VI</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_Spain" title="Charles IV of Spain">Charles VII</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VII" title="Ferdinand VII">Ferdinand III</a><sup>S</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_II" title="Isabella II">Isabella I</a><sup>S</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>A</sup>Also <a href="/wiki/List_of_Aragonese_monarchs" title="List of Aragonese monarchs">King of Aragon</a>. <sup>F</sup>Also <a href="/wiki/List_of_French_monarchs" title="List of French monarchs">King of France</a>. <sup>S</sup>Also <a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_monarchs" title="List of Spanish monarchs">King/Queen of Spain</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130969#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130969#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130969#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfcTMWbtvpvM9Qp3tpXVC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118742175">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79115483">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12398288j">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12398288j">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35420794">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ola2002113716&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX871725">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069473242">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90189689">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000303722&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000682401&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=151983">Greece</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=142070">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/fcrttvkz2krg1l7">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810635827205606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/73037">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007266396005171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058614704206706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA12885710?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500236494">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/946559">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118742175.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118742175">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027303772">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/people/50044605">RISM</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philip_IV_of_France&oldid=1257659656">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philip_IV_of_France&oldid=1257659656</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philip_IV_of_France" title="Category:Philip IV of France">Philip IV of France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1268_births" title="Category:1268 births">1268 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1314_deaths" title="Category:1314 deaths">1314 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:13th-century_kings_of_France" title="Category:13th-century kings of France">13th-century kings of France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:14th-century_kings_of_France" title="Category:14th-century kings of France">14th-century kings of France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:13th-century_Navarrese_monarchs" title="Category:13th-century Navarrese monarchs">13th-century Navarrese monarchs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:14th-century_Navarrese_monarchs" title="Category:14th-century Navarrese monarchs">14th-century Navarrese monarchs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Antisemitism_in_France" title="Category:Antisemitism in France">Antisemitism in France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Burials_at_the_Basilica_of_Saint-Denis" 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