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<ul id="toc-Beeldende_kunste-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Illusionistiese_realisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Illusionistiese_realisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Illusionistiese realisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Illusionistiese_realisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Realisme_of_naturalisme_as_die_uitbeelding_van_gewone,_alledaagse_voorwerpe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Realisme_of_naturalisme_as_die_uitbeelding_van_gewone,_alledaagse_voorwerpe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Realisme of naturalisme as die uitbeelding van gewone, alledaagse voorwerpe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Realisme_of_naturalisme_as_die_uitbeelding_van_gewone,_alledaagse_voorwerpe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Realisme_as_kunsbeweging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Realisme_as_kunsbeweging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Realisme as kunsbeweging</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Realisme_as_kunsbeweging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Realisme_of_naturalisme_as_weerstand_teen_idealisering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Realisme_of_naturalisme_as_weerstand_teen_idealisering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Realisme of naturalisme as weerstand teen idealisering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Realisme_of_naturalisme_as_weerstand_teen_idealisering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Letterkunde" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Letterkunde"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Letterkunde</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Letterkunde-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teater" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teater"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Teater</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teater-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Opera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sien_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sien_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sien ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sien_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aantekeninge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aantekeninge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Aantekeninge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aantekeninge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verdere_leesstof" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verdere_leesstof"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Verdere leesstof</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verdere_leesstof-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Inhoudsopgawe" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Realisme (kunste)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 71 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">71 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realismus_(Kunst)" title="Realismus (Kunst) – Switserse Duits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Realismus (Kunst)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switserse Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D9%81%D9%86)" title="واقعية (فن) – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="واقعية (فن)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الواقعيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الواقعيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realizm_(inc%C9%99s%C9%99n%C9%99t)" title="Realizm (incəsənət) – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Realizm (incəsənət)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Реализъм – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Реализъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6_(%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE)" title="বাস্তবতাবাদ (শিল্পকলা) – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বাস্তবতাবাদ (শিল্পকলা)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realisme" title="Realisme – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Realisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realismus_(um%C4%9Bn%C3%AD)" title="Realismus (umění) – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Realismus (umění)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC_(%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%C4%95%D1%85)" title="Реализм (илемлĕх) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Реализм (илемлĕх)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realaeth_(celf)" title="Realaeth (celf) – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Realaeth (celf)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realisme_(kunst)" title="Realisme (kunst) – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Realisme (kunst)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realismus_(Kunst)" title="Realismus (Kunst) – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Realismus (Kunst)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realisme_(inus_kopokitanan)" title="Realisme (inus kopokitanan) – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Realisme (inus kopokitanan)" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%B5%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Ρεαλισμός – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρεαλισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realism_(arts)" title="Realism (arts) – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Realism (arts)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realismo_(arto)" title="Realismo (arto) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Realismo (arto)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realismo_art%C3%ADstico" title="Realismo artístico – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Realismo artístico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realism_(kunst)" title="Realism (kunst) – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Realism (kunst)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errealismo_artistiko" title="Errealismo artistiko – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Errealismo artistiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_(%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1)" title="واقع‌گرایی (هنر) – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="واقع‌گرایی (هنر)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realismi_(taide)" title="Realismi (taide) – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Realismi (taide)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9alisme_(arts)" title="Réalisme (arts) – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Réalisme (arts)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realisme_(keunststreaming)" title="Realisme (keunststreaming) – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Realisme (keunststreaming)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9alachas" title="Réalachas – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Réalachas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realismo" title="Realismo – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Realismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D_(%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA)" title="ריאליזם (אמנות) – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ריאליזם (אמנות)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6_(%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE)" title="यथार्थवाद (कला) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यथार्थवाद (कला)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realizam_(likovna_umjetnost)" title="Realizam (likovna umjetnost) – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Realizam (likovna umjetnost)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realizmus_(m%C5%B1v%C3%A9szet)" title="Realizmus (művészet) – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Realizmus (művészet)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4_(%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF)" title="Ռեալիզմ (արվեստ) – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռեալիզմ (արվեստ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realisme_(seni_rupa)" title="Realisme (seni rupa) – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Realisme (seni rupa)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realismo" title="Realismo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Realismo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realismo_(arte)" title="Realismo (arte) – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Realismo (arte)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%99%E5%AE%9F%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="写実主義 – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="写実主義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="რეალიზმი – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რეალიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC_(%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80)" title="Реализм (өнер) – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Реализм (өнер)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%8B%A4%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="사실주의 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사실주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Реализм – Kirgisies" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Реализм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realismus_(artes)" title="Realismus (artes) – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Realismus (artes)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realism" title="Realism – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Realism" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realizmas_(menas)" title="Realizmas (menas) – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Realizmas (menas)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re%C4%81lisms" title="Reālisms – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Reālisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC_(%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82)" title="Реализам (уметност) – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Реализам (уметност)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="യഥാതഥ്യപ്രസ്ഥാനം – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യഥാതഥ്യപ്രസ്ഥാനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realisme" title="Realisme – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Realisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85_(%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1)" title="رئالیسم (هنر) – Masanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="رئالیسم (هنر)" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="यथार्थवाद – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="यथार्थवाद" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realisme_(kunststroming)" title="Realisme (kunststroming) – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Realisme (kunststroming)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realismen" title="Realismen – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Realismen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realisme_(kunst)" title="Realisme (kunst) – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Realisme (kunst)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AF%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6_(%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE)" title="ਯਥਾਰਥਵਾਦ (ਕਲਾ) – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਯਥਾਰਥਵਾਦ (ਕਲਾ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%85_(%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1)" title="رېښتينيزم (هنر) – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="رېښتينيزم (هنر)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realismo" title="Realismo – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Realismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realism_(art%C4%83)" title="Realism (artă) – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Realism (artă)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC_(%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Реализм (искусство) – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Реализм (искусство)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="فطرت نگاري – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="فطرت نگاري" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realizam_(umetnost)" title="Realizam (umetnost) – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Realizam (umetnost)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realizmus" title="Realizmus – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Realizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realizem_(umetnost)" title="Realizem (umetnost) – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Realizem (umetnost)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC_(%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82)" title="Реализам (уметност) – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Реализам (уметност)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realism_(bildkonst)" title="Realism (bildkonst) – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Realism (bildkonst)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88)" title="மெய்மையியம் (கலை) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மெய்மையியம் (கலை)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="ศิลปะสัจนิยม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ศิลปะสัจนิยม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realizm_(sanat)" title="Realizm (sanat) – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Realizm (sanat)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC_(%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Реалізм (мистецтво) – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Реалізм (мистецтво)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realizm_(san%CA%BCat)" title="Realizm (sanʼat) – Oesbekies" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Realizm (sanʼat)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oesbekies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A7_ngh%C4%A9a_hi%E1%BB%87n_th%E1%BB%B1c" title="Chủ nghĩa hiện thực – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chủ nghĩa hiện thực" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="现实主义 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="现实主义" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="现实主义 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="现实主义" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi%C4%81n-si%CC%8Dt-ch%C3%BA-g%C4%AB_(g%C4%93-su%CC%8Dt)" title="Hiān-si̍t-chú-gī (gē-su̍t) – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hiān-si̍t-chú-gī (gē-su̍t)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%AB%E5%AF%A6%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="寫實主義 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="寫實主義" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10857409#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Realisme_(kunste)" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Realisme_(kunste)" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Gustave_Courbet_-_Bonjour_Monsieur_Courbet_-_Mus%C3%A9e_Fabre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Gustave_Courbet_-_Bonjour_Monsieur_Courbet_-_Mus%C3%A9e_Fabre.jpg/350px-Gustave_Courbet_-_Bonjour_Monsieur_Courbet_-_Mus%C3%A9e_Fabre.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Gustave_Courbet_-_Bonjour_Monsieur_Courbet_-_Mus%C3%A9e_Fabre.jpg/525px-Gustave_Courbet_-_Bonjour_Monsieur_Courbet_-_Mus%C3%A9e_Fabre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Gustave_Courbet_-_Bonjour_Monsieur_Courbet_-_Mus%C3%A9e_Fabre.jpg/700px-Gustave_Courbet_-_Bonjour_Monsieur_Courbet_-_Mus%C3%A9e_Fabre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2597" /></a><figcaption><i>Bonjour, Monsieur Courbet</i>, 1854. 'n Realistiese skildery deur Gustave Courbet</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Realisme</b> in die <a href="/wiki/Kuns" title="Kuns">kunste</a> is daarop gerig om onderwerpe getrou en ongekunsteld uit te beeld, en kunskonvensies, ongeloofwaardige, eksotiese en bonatuurlike elemente te vermy. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beeldende_kunste">Beeldende kunste</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Realisme_(kunste)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Beeldende kunste" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Realisme_(kunste)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Beeldende kunste"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:The_Arnolfini_Portrait,_d%C3%A9tail_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/The_Arnolfini_Portrait%2C_d%C3%A9tail_%282%29.jpg/220px-The_Arnolfini_Portrait%2C_d%C3%A9tail_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/The_Arnolfini_Portrait%2C_d%C3%A9tail_%282%29.jpg/330px-The_Arnolfini_Portrait%2C_d%C3%A9tail_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/The_Arnolfini_Portrait%2C_d%C3%A9tail_%282%29.jpg/440px-The_Arnolfini_Portrait%2C_d%C3%A9tail_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="833" /></a><figcaption>Realistiese of illusionistiese detail van die konvekse spieël in die <i>Arnolfini-portret</i> deur Jan van Eyck, 1434</figcaption></figure> <p>Realisme is die presiese, gedetailleerde en akkurate voorstelling in kuns van die visuele voorkoms van tonele en voorwerpe. Realisme in hierdie sin word ook <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturalisme_(visuele_kunste)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naturalisme (visuele kunste) (bladsy bestaan nie)">naturalisme (visuele kunste)</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nabootsing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nabootsing (bladsy bestaan nie)">nabootsing</a> of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Illusionisme_(kuns)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Illusionisme (kuns) (bladsy bestaan nie)">illusionisme (kuns)</a> genoem. Realistiese kuns is gedurende verskeie tydperke geskep, en dit is in 'n groot mate 'n kwessie van tegniek en opleiding, en die vermyding van <a href="/wiki/Styl_(beeldende_kunste)" title="Styl (beeldende kunste)">stilering</a>. Dit is eerder die keuse en hantering van 'n onderwerp wat Realisme as beweging definieer as die noukeurige aandag aan visuele voorkoms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Illusionistiese_realisme">Illusionistiese realisme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Realisme_(kunste)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Illusionistiese realisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Realisme_(kunste)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Illusionistiese realisme"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Frederic_Leighton_-_Cimabue%27s_Madonna_Carried_in_Procession_-_Google_Art_Project_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Frederic_Leighton_-_Cimabue%27s_Madonna_Carried_in_Procession_-_Google_Art_Project_2.jpg/220px-Frederic_Leighton_-_Cimabue%27s_Madonna_Carried_in_Procession_-_Google_Art_Project_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Frederic_Leighton_-_Cimabue%27s_Madonna_Carried_in_Procession_-_Google_Art_Project_2.jpg/330px-Frederic_Leighton_-_Cimabue%27s_Madonna_Carried_in_Procession_-_Google_Art_Project_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Frederic_Leighton_-_Cimabue%27s_Madonna_Carried_in_Procession_-_Google_Art_Project_2.jpg/440px-Frederic_Leighton_-_Cimabue%27s_Madonna_Carried_in_Procession_-_Google_Art_Project_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7276" data-file-height="3218" /></a><figcaption>Lord Leighton se <i>Cimabue's Celebrated Madonna</i> (1853–55) dui op die einde van 'n lang tradisie van illusionisme in skilder, maar is nie Realisties in die sin van Courbet se werk uit dieselfde tydperk nie.</figcaption></figure> <p>Die ontwikkeling van 'n toenemend akkurate voorstelling van die visuele voorkoms van voorwerpe het 'n lang geskiedenis in kuns. Dit behels elemente soos die akkurate uitbeelding van anatomie, van perspektief en die effek van afstand, en van die gedetailleerde effekte van lig en kleur. Antieke Griekse kuns het groot vooruitgang in die uitbeelding van anatomie gemaak, en was nog altyd 'n invloedryke model. Sowel as akkuraatheid wat vorm, lig en kleur betref, toon Romeinse skilderye 'n onwetenskaplike, maar effektiewe kennis van die uitbeelding van ver voorwerpe as kleiner as nader voorwerpe, en in die uitbeelding van reëlmatige geometriese vorms soos die dak en mure van 'n vertrek met perspektief. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Eyckbaptism.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Eyckbaptism.png/220px-Eyckbaptism.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Eyckbaptism.png/330px-Eyckbaptism.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Eyckbaptism.png/440px-Eyckbaptism.png 2x" data-file-width="2070" data-file-height="767" /></a><figcaption><i>Bas-de-page</i> van die <i>Doop van Christus</i>, "Hand G" (Jan van Eyck?), Turin-Milan Hours. 'n Gevorderde illusionistiese werk vir c. 1425, met die duif van die Heilige Gees in die lug.</figcaption></figure> <p>In die Weste is die standaarde van illusionisme eers teen die Laat Middeleeue of <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Vroeë Renaissance</a> bereik. Dit is voortgehelp deur die ontwikkeling van nuwe tegnieke van olieskilder waarmee baie subtiele en presiese effekte van lig uitgebeeld kon word deur baie klein kwassies en verskeie lae verf en glasuurglans aan te wend. Wetenskaplike metodes vir die voorstelling van perspektief is in Italië ontwikkel en die akkurate uitbeelding van anatomie is onder die invloed van klassieke kuns herontdek. Nes in klassieke tye het <a href="/w/index.php?title=Idealisme_(kuns)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Idealisme (kuns) (bladsy bestaan nie)">idealisme</a> die norm gebly. </p><p>Die akkurate uitbeelding van landskappe was ook besig om in die Vroeë Nederlandse en Renaissance-skilderkuns te ontwikkel, en het gedurende die 17de-eeuse Nederlandse Goue Era 'n baie hoë vlak bereik, met baie subtiele tegnieke vir die uitbeelding van 'n verskeidenheid weerstoestande en grade van natuurlike lig. Alhoewel stillewes 'n aansienlike rol in die ontwikkeling van illusionistiese skilder gespeel het, was "realisme" vir 'n lang tydperk ontbrekend in die Nederlandse tradisie van blomskilder. Blomme uit alle seisoene is dikwels gebruik, óf op grond van die gebruik om skilderye uit individuele tekeninge saam te stel, óf as 'n doelbewuste konvensie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Realisme_of_naturalisme_as_die_uitbeelding_van_gewone,_alledaagse_voorwerpe"><span id="Realisme_of_naturalisme_as_die_uitbeelding_van_gewone.2C_alledaagse_voorwerpe"></span>Realisme of naturalisme as die uitbeelding van gewone, alledaagse voorwerpe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Realisme_(kunste)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Realisme of naturalisme as die uitbeelding van gewone, alledaagse voorwerpe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Realisme_(kunste)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Realisme of naturalisme as die uitbeelding van gewone, alledaagse voorwerpe"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Simon_Bening_(Flemish_-_Gathering_Twigs_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Simon_Bening_%28Flemish_-_Gathering_Twigs_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Simon_Bening_%28Flemish_-_Gathering_Twigs_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Simon_Bening_%28Flemish_-_Gathering_Twigs_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Simon_Bening_%28Flemish_-_Gathering_Twigs_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Simon_Bening_%28Flemish_-_Gathering_Twigs_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Simon_Bening_%28Flemish_-_Gathering_Twigs_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4873" data-file-height="2873" /></a><figcaption>Houtkappery, 'n miniatuur-skilderytjie uit Labours of the Months deur Simon Bening, c. 1550</figcaption></figure> <p>Die uitbeelding van gewone, alledaagse voorwerpe in kuns het ook 'n lang geskiedenis, al is dit dikwels op die rand van skilderye ingedruk of op 'n kleiner skaal geskilder. Dit was deels omdat kuns duur was en skilders gewoonlik om spesifieke godsdienstige, politieke of persoonlike redes opdrag ontvang het om kunswerke te skilder. Daar was dus relatief min ruimte of tyd wat aan vir sulke tonele afgestaan kon word. </p><p>Die Vroeë Nederlandse skilderkuns het die skildering van portrette tot by die welvarende handelaars van Vlaandere teen die sosiale leer laat afskuif. Sommige van hierdie skilderye, veral die <i>Arnolfini-portret</i> deur Jan van Eyck (1434), en meer dikwels godsdienstige tonele soos die Merode-altaarstuk, het baie gedetailleerde uitbeeldings van middelklasinterieurs ingesluit waar voorwerpe liefderyk uitgebeeld is. Hierdie voorwerpe is egter hoofsaaklik ingesluit omdat hulle komplekse betekenis en simbolisme bevat het wat enige verbintenis tot realisme per se ondergrawe het. </p><p>In die 16de eeu was daar 'n tradisie van groot skilderye waarin tonele van werkende mense uitgebeeld is, veral in kosmarkte en kombuise: in verskeie van hierdie werke het die kos dieselfde prominensie as die figure geniet. <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Bruegel_die_Ouere" title="Pieter Bruegel die Ouere">Pieter Bruegel die Ouere</a> was 'n pionier in die skildering van groot panoramiese tonele van die plattelandse lewe. Hierdie skilderye was 'n voorspel van die populariteit van werkstonele wat in die 17de eeu in genreskilder gesien is. </p><p>Baie van die kuns waarin gewone mense uitgebeeld is, veral in die vorm van prente, was komies en moraliserend, maar die armoede van die figure was relatief selde deel van die morele boodskap. Dit het egter gedurende die middel 19de eeu begin verander, en die swaarkry van arm mense is beklemtoon. Besige stadstrate was gewilde tonele by die Impressionistiese en verwante skilders. </p><p>Middeleeuse manuskripverlugters is dikwels gevra om tegnologie te illustreer, maar ná die Renaissance tot en met die <a href="/wiki/Industri%C3%ABle_Revolusie" title="Industriële Revolusie">Industriële Revolusie</a> het dit grotendeels uit die skone kunste verdwyn. Hierdie werke het waarskynlik nie goed verkoop nie, en daar is 'n merkbare afwesigheid van industriële werke in die skilderkunde totdat werke later in die 19de eeu op kommissie gedoen is, gewoonlik in opdrag van nyweraars of vir instellings in industriële stede. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 972px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:El_almuerzo,_by_Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Diego Velázquez, Die boere se maaltyd, c. 1620"><img alt="Diego Velázquez, Die boere se maaltyd, c. 1620" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/El_almuerzo%2C_by_Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez.jpg/200px-El_almuerzo%2C_by_Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/El_almuerzo%2C_by_Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez.jpg/300px-El_almuerzo%2C_by_Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/El_almuerzo%2C_by_Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez.jpg/400px-El_almuerzo%2C_by_Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2995" data-file-height="2591" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Diego Velázquez, Die boere se maaltyd, c. 1620</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Brouwer,_Adriaen_-_Interior_of_a_Tavern_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Adriaen Brouwer, Interieur van 'n kroeg, c. 1630"><img alt="Adriaen Brouwer, Interieur van 'n kroeg, c. 1630" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Brouwer%2C_Adriaen_-_Interior_of_a_Tavern_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/200px-Brouwer%2C_Adriaen_-_Interior_of_a_Tavern_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Brouwer%2C_Adriaen_-_Interior_of_a_Tavern_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/300px-Brouwer%2C_Adriaen_-_Interior_of_a_Tavern_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Brouwer%2C_Adriaen_-_Interior_of_a_Tavern_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/400px-Brouwer%2C_Adriaen_-_Interior_of_a_Tavern_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4861" data-file-height="3741" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Adriaen Brouwer, Interieur van 'n kroeg, c. 1630</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Quiringh_van_Brekelenkam_-_Interior_of_a_Tailor%27s_Shop_-_WGA03175.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Quiringh van Brekelenkam, Interieur van 'n snyerswinkel, 1653"><img alt="Quiringh van Brekelenkam, Interieur van 'n snyerswinkel, 1653" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Quiringh_van_Brekelenkam_-_Interior_of_a_Tailor%27s_Shop_-_WGA03175.jpg/200px-Quiringh_van_Brekelenkam_-_Interior_of_a_Tailor%27s_Shop_-_WGA03175.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Quiringh_van_Brekelenkam_-_Interior_of_a_Tailor%27s_Shop_-_WGA03175.jpg/300px-Quiringh_van_Brekelenkam_-_Interior_of_a_Tailor%27s_Shop_-_WGA03175.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Quiringh_van_Brekelenkam_-_Interior_of_a_Tailor%27s_Shop_-_WGA03175.jpg/400px-Quiringh_van_Brekelenkam_-_Interior_of_a_Tailor%27s_Shop_-_WGA03175.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="718" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Quiringh van Brekelenkam, Interieur van 'n snyerswinkel, 1653</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Giacomo_Ceruti_-_Women_Working_on_Pillow_Lace_(The_Sewing_School)_-_WGA4672.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Giacomo Ceruti, Vroue wat aan kunssingkant werk, 1720s"><img alt="Giacomo Ceruti, Vroue wat aan kunssingkant werk, 1720s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Giacomo_Ceruti_-_Women_Working_on_Pillow_Lace_%28The_Sewing_School%29_-_WGA4672.jpg/200px-Giacomo_Ceruti_-_Women_Working_on_Pillow_Lace_%28The_Sewing_School%29_-_WGA4672.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Giacomo_Ceruti_-_Women_Working_on_Pillow_Lace_%28The_Sewing_School%29_-_WGA4672.jpg/300px-Giacomo_Ceruti_-_Women_Working_on_Pillow_Lace_%28The_Sewing_School%29_-_WGA4672.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Giacomo_Ceruti_-_Women_Working_on_Pillow_Lace_%28The_Sewing_School%29_-_WGA4672.jpg/400px-Giacomo_Ceruti_-_Women_Working_on_Pillow_Lace_%28The_Sewing_School%29_-_WGA4672.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1017" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Giacomo Ceruti, Vroue wat aan kunssingkant werk, 1720s</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Jean-Baptiste_Sim%C3%A9on_Chardin_017.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin, Vrou wat rape skoonmaak, c. 1738, Alte Pinakothek.[1]"><img alt="Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin, Vrou wat rape skoonmaak, c. 1738, Alte Pinakothek.[1]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Jean-Baptiste_Sim%C3%A9on_Chardin_017.jpg/161px-Jean-Baptiste_Sim%C3%A9on_Chardin_017.jpg" decoding="async" width="161" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Jean-Baptiste_Sim%C3%A9on_Chardin_017.jpg/241px-Jean-Baptiste_Sim%C3%A9on_Chardin_017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Jean-Baptiste_Sim%C3%A9on_Chardin_017.jpg/321px-Jean-Baptiste_Sim%C3%A9on_Chardin_017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="842" data-file-height="1048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin, Vrou wat rape skoonmaak, c. 1738, Alte Pinakothek.[1]</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Jean-Baptiste_Greuze_(French_-_The_Laundress_(La_Blanchisseuse)_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jean-Baptiste Greuze, Die klerewasser, 1761"><img alt="Jean-Baptiste Greuze, Die klerewasser, 1761" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Jean-Baptiste_Greuze_%28French_-_The_Laundress_%28La_Blanchisseuse%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/160px-Jean-Baptiste_Greuze_%28French_-_The_Laundress_%28La_Blanchisseuse%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Jean-Baptiste_Greuze_%28French_-_The_Laundress_%28La_Blanchisseuse%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/241px-Jean-Baptiste_Greuze_%28French_-_The_Laundress_%28La_Blanchisseuse%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Jean-Baptiste_Greuze_%28French_-_The_Laundress_%28La_Blanchisseuse%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/321px-Jean-Baptiste_Greuze_%28French_-_The_Laundress_%28La_Blanchisseuse%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3326" data-file-height="4145" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Jean-Baptiste Greuze, Die klerewasser, 1761</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Sir_Luke_Fildes_-_The_widower_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sir Luke Fildes, Die wewenaar, 1876"><img alt="Sir Luke Fildes, Die wewenaar, 1876" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Sir_Luke_Fildes_-_The_widower_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/200px-Sir_Luke_Fildes_-_The_widower_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Sir_Luke_Fildes_-_The_widower_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/300px-Sir_Luke_Fildes_-_The_widower_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Sir_Luke_Fildes_-_The_widower_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/400px-Sir_Luke_Fildes_-_The_widower_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5001" data-file-height="3398" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sir Luke Fildes, Die wewenaar, 1876</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:William_Bell_Scott_-_Iron_and_Coal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="William Bell Scott, Yster en kool, 1855–60"><img alt="William Bell Scott, Yster en kool, 1855–60" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/William_Bell_Scott_-_Iron_and_Coal.jpg/198px-William_Bell_Scott_-_Iron_and_Coal.jpg" decoding="async" width="198" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/William_Bell_Scott_-_Iron_and_Coal.jpg/296px-William_Bell_Scott_-_Iron_and_Coal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/William_Bell_Scott_-_Iron_and_Coal.jpg/395px-William_Bell_Scott_-_Iron_and_Coal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1779" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">William Bell Scott, Yster en kool, 1855–60</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Realisme_as_kunsbeweging">Realisme as kunsbeweging</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Realisme_(kunste)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Realisme as kunsbeweging" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Realisme_(kunste)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Realisme as kunsbeweging"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Realisme as kunsbeweging het in die middel 19de eeu as reaksie op op die <a href="/wiki/Romantiek" title="Romantiek">Romantiek</a> en Geskiedenisskilder ontstaan. Hierdie voorstanders van uitbeeldings van die "regte lewe" het gewone arbeiders en gewone mense in gewone omgewings besig met gewone aktiwiteite as onderwerpe vir hulle werke gekies. Die vernaamste verteenwoordigers hiervan was Gustave Courbet, Jean-François Millet, Honoré Daumier en Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Volgens Ross Finocchio, voorheen van die Departement van Europese Skilderye by die <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>, het Realiste "onvermooide" detail gebruik om die bestaan van die gewone, kontemporêre lewe uit te beeld.</p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1215px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Gustave_Courbet_018.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gustave Courbet, Klipkappers, 1849."><img alt="Gustave Courbet, Klipkappers, 1849." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Gustave_Courbet_018.jpg/200px-Gustave_Courbet_018.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Gustave_Courbet_018.jpg/300px-Gustave_Courbet_018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Gustave_Courbet_018.jpg/400px-Gustave_Courbet_018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1249" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gustave Courbet, Klipkappers, 1849.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Millet_-_Gleaners_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jean-François Millet, Die optellers, 1857"><img alt="Jean-François Millet, Die optellers, 1857" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Millet_-_Gleaners_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/200px-Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Millet_-_Gleaners_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Millet_-_Gleaners_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/300px-Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Millet_-_Gleaners_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Millet_-_Gleaners_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/400px-Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Millet_-_Gleaners_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5357" data-file-height="4009" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Jean-François Millet, Die optellers, 1857</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Honor%C3%A9_Daumier_032.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Honoré Daumier,Les Joueurs d'échecs (Die skaakspelers), 1863"><img alt="Honoré Daumier,Les Joueurs d'échecs (Die skaakspelers), 1863" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Honor%C3%A9_Daumier_032.jpg/200px-Honor%C3%A9_Daumier_032.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Honor%C3%A9_Daumier_032.jpg/300px-Honor%C3%A9_Daumier_032.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Honor%C3%A9_Daumier_032.jpg/400px-Honor%C3%A9_Daumier_032.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4612" data-file-height="3571" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Honoré Daumier,Les Joueurs d'échecs (Die skaakspelers), 1863</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Young_Girl_Reading_by_Jean-Baptiste-Camille_Corot_c1868.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, Jong meisie wat lees, 1868"><img alt="Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, Jong meisie wat lees, 1868" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Young_Girl_Reading_by_Jean-Baptiste-Camille_Corot_c1868.jpg/200px-Young_Girl_Reading_by_Jean-Baptiste-Camille_Corot_c1868.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Young_Girl_Reading_by_Jean-Baptiste-Camille_Corot_c1868.jpg/300px-Young_Girl_Reading_by_Jean-Baptiste-Camille_Corot_c1868.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Young_Girl_Reading_by_Jean-Baptiste-Camille_Corot_c1868.jpg/400px-Young_Girl_Reading_by_Jean-Baptiste-Camille_Corot_c1868.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5314" data-file-height="4166" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, Jong meisie wat lees, 1868</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Jules_Bastien-Lepage_-_October_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jules Bastien-Lepage, October, 1878, National Gallery of Victoria"><img alt="Jules Bastien-Lepage, October, 1878, National Gallery of Victoria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Jules_Bastien-Lepage_-_October_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/200px-Jules_Bastien-Lepage_-_October_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Jules_Bastien-Lepage_-_October_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/300px-Jules_Bastien-Lepage_-_October_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Jules_Bastien-Lepage_-_October_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/400px-Jules_Bastien-Lepage_-_October_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7936" data-file-height="7329" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Jules Bastien-Lepage, October, 1878, National Gallery of Victoria</div> </li> </ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 972px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Wassilij_Grigorjewitsch_Perow_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vasily Perov, Die drenkeling, 1867"><img alt="Vasily Perov, Die drenkeling, 1867" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Wassilij_Grigorjewitsch_Perow_002.jpg/200px-Wassilij_Grigorjewitsch_Perow_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Wassilij_Grigorjewitsch_Perow_002.jpg/300px-Wassilij_Grigorjewitsch_Perow_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Wassilij_Grigorjewitsch_Perow_002.jpg/400px-Wassilij_Grigorjewitsch_Perow_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1311" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Vasily Perov, Die drenkeling, 1867</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Wladimir_Jegorowitsch_Makowskij_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vladimir Makovsky, "Filantrope", 1874"><img alt="Vladimir Makovsky, "Filantrope", 1874" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Wladimir_Jegorowitsch_Makowskij_001.jpg/200px-Wladimir_Jegorowitsch_Makowskij_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Wladimir_Jegorowitsch_Makowskij_001.jpg/300px-Wladimir_Jegorowitsch_Makowskij_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Wladimir_Jegorowitsch_Makowskij_001.jpg/400px-Wladimir_Jegorowitsch_Makowskij_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Vladimir Makovsky, "Filantrope", 1874</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Procesi%C3%B3n_de_Pascua_en_la_regi%C3%B3n_de_Kursk,_por_Ili%C3%A1_Repin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ilya Repin, Godsdienstige optog in die Kursk Provinsie, 1880–83"><img alt="Ilya Repin, Godsdienstige optog in die Kursk Provinsie, 1880–83" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Procesi%C3%B3n_de_Pascua_en_la_regi%C3%B3n_de_Kursk%2C_por_Ili%C3%A1_Repin.jpg/200px-Procesi%C3%B3n_de_Pascua_en_la_regi%C3%B3n_de_Kursk%2C_por_Ili%C3%A1_Repin.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Procesi%C3%B3n_de_Pascua_en_la_regi%C3%B3n_de_Kursk%2C_por_Ili%C3%A1_Repin.jpg/300px-Procesi%C3%B3n_de_Pascua_en_la_regi%C3%B3n_de_Kursk%2C_por_Ili%C3%A1_Repin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Procesi%C3%B3n_de_Pascua_en_la_regi%C3%B3n_de_Kursk%2C_por_Ili%C3%A1_Repin.jpg/400px-Procesi%C3%B3n_de_Pascua_en_la_regi%C3%B3n_de_Kursk%2C_por_Ili%C3%A1_Repin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1265" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ilya Repin, Godsdienstige optog in die Kursk Provinsie, 1880–83</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Hubert_von_Herkomer_-_Hard_Times.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Hubert von Herkomer, Swaar tye 1885"><img alt="Hubert von Herkomer, Swaar tye 1885" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Hubert_von_Herkomer_-_Hard_Times.JPG/200px-Hubert_von_Herkomer_-_Hard_Times.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Hubert_von_Herkomer_-_Hard_Times.JPG/300px-Hubert_von_Herkomer_-_Hard_Times.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Hubert_von_Herkomer_-_Hard_Times.JPG/400px-Hubert_von_Herkomer_-_Hard_Times.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1569" data-file-height="1182" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hubert von Herkomer, Swaar tye 1885</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Realisme_of_naturalisme_as_weerstand_teen_idealisering">Realisme of naturalisme as weerstand teen idealisering</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Realisme_(kunste)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Realisme of naturalisme as weerstand teen idealisering" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Realisme_(kunste)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Realisme of naturalisme as weerstand teen idealisering"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:La_familia_de_Carlos_IV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/La_familia_de_Carlos_IV.jpg/220px-La_familia_de_Carlos_IV.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/La_familia_de_Carlos_IV.jpg/330px-La_familia_de_Carlos_IV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/La_familia_de_Carlos_IV.jpg/440px-La_familia_de_Carlos_IV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2869" data-file-height="2339" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya">Francisco Goya</a>, <i>Charles IV van Spanje en sy gesin</i>, 1800-01</figcaption></figure> <p>Realisme of naturalisme as styl wat op die eerlike, ongeïdealiseerde uitbeelding van die voorwerp dui, kan uiteraard in die uitbeelding van enige soort onderwerp gebruik word, sonder dat dit noodwendig tot die tipiese of alledaagse beperk word. Ondanks die algemene idealisme van klassieke kuns, was hierdie styl ook klassieke voorbeelde gehad. Demetrius van Alopece was 'n 4de-eeuse beeldhouer wat realisme bo ideale skoonheid verkies het, en gedurende die Antieke Romeinse Republiek het selfs politici 'n realistiese uitbeelding in portrette verkies. <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya">Goya</a> se portrette van die Spaanse koninklike gesin verteenwoordig 'n hoogetpunt in die eerlike en eenvoudig onvleiende uitbeelding van belangrike persone. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Eilif_Peterssen-Laksefiskeren_(1889).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Eilif_Peterssen-Laksefiskeren_%281889%29.jpg/220px-Eilif_Peterssen-Laksefiskeren_%281889%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Eilif_Peterssen-Laksefiskeren_%281889%29.jpg/330px-Eilif_Peterssen-Laksefiskeren_%281889%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Eilif_Peterssen-Laksefiskeren_%281889%29.jpg/440px-Eilif_Peterssen-Laksefiskeren_%281889%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="287" /></a><figcaption>Eilif Peterssen, <i>The Salmvisser</i>, 1889.</figcaption></figure> <p>'n Herhalende neiging in Christelike kuns was 'n "realisme" wat die menslikheid van godsdienstige figure beklemtoon het, bowenal dié van <a href="/wiki/Jesus_van_Nasaret" title="Jesus van Nasaret">Christus</a> en sy liggaamlike lyding. Gedurende die laat Middeleeue het veral geskilderde houtbeelde die groteske betree deur Christus bebloed en vol wonde uit te beeld. Dit was veronderstel om die kyker te stimuleer om oor die lyding te mediteer wat Christus in sy plek verduur het. Hierdie werke is veral in Duitsland en <a href="/wiki/Sentraal-Europa" title="Sentraal-Europa">Sentraal-Europa</a> aangetref. Na 'n insinking gedurende die Renaissance het soortgelyke werke weer in die <a href="/wiki/Barok" title="Barok">Baroktydperk</a>, veral in Spaanse beeldhouwerk, verskyn. </p><p>Gedurende die Renaissance het daar 'n eeue lange debat ontstaan oor die korrekte balans tussen kuns gebaseer op waarneming van die natuur en kuns gebaseer op geïdealiseerde vorms, soos dikwels in klassieke kuns die geval was. <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a> was een van die voorstanders van die suiwer studie van die natuur en wou die volle omvang van individuele vorms in die menslike figuur en ander voorwerpe uitbeeld.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ander kunstenaars soos <a href="/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a> het die seleksie van die heel mooiste ondersteun – om daardie rede het hy geweier om portrette te skilder.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Henri_BIVA,_ca_1905-06,_Matin_%C3%A0_Villeneuve,_Salon_1906_postcard_-_original_painting,_oil_on_canvas,_151.1_x_125.1_cm,_private_collection.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Henri_BIVA%2C_ca_1905-06%2C_Matin_%C3%A0_Villeneuve%2C_Salon_1906_postcard_-_original_painting%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_151.1_x_125.1_cm%2C_private_collection.jpeg/220px-Henri_BIVA%2C_ca_1905-06%2C_Matin_%C3%A0_Villeneuve%2C_Salon_1906_postcard_-_original_painting%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_151.1_x_125.1_cm%2C_private_collection.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Henri_BIVA%2C_ca_1905-06%2C_Matin_%C3%A0_Villeneuve%2C_Salon_1906_postcard_-_original_painting%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_151.1_x_125.1_cm%2C_private_collection.jpeg/330px-Henri_BIVA%2C_ca_1905-06%2C_Matin_%C3%A0_Villeneuve%2C_Salon_1906_postcard_-_original_painting%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_151.1_x_125.1_cm%2C_private_collection.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Henri_BIVA%2C_ca_1905-06%2C_Matin_%C3%A0_Villeneuve%2C_Salon_1906_postcard_-_original_painting%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_151.1_x_125.1_cm%2C_private_collection.jpeg/440px-Henri_BIVA%2C_ca_1905-06%2C_Matin_%C3%A0_Villeneuve%2C_Salon_1906_postcard_-_original_painting%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_151.1_x_125.1_cm%2C_private_collection.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2473" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Henri Biva, c. 1905-06, <i>Matin à Villeneuve (Van die waterkant)</i>, olie op doek, 151.1 x 125.1 cm.</figcaption></figure><p> In die 19de eeu is "Naturalisme" of die "<b>Naturalistiese skool</b>" as term geskep wat 'n wegbreekbeweging van Realisme verteenwoordig het. Kunstenaars van dié beweging wou hulle van Realiste onderskei deur politieke en maatskaplike kwessies te vermy, en het graag 'n kwasi-wetenskaplike basis verkondig deur op die "naturalis" as 'n student van die natuurwetenskappe te sinspeel. Die skepper van die term, Jules-Antoine Castagnary, het die volgende gesê: "Die naturalistiese skool verklaar dat kuns die uitdrukking van lewe in alle fases en op alle vlakke is, en dat dit alleenlik daarop gerig is om die werklikheid uit te beeld deur dit tot die maksimum mag en intensiteit daarvan te voer: dit is die waarheid in balans met die wetenskap."<sup id="cite_ref-Needham_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Needham-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 972px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Pieta_z_Lubiaza.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Late Gothic Pietà van Lubiąż in Laer Silesië, Pole, nou in die Nasionatle museum in Warskou"><img alt="Late Gothic Pietà van Lubiąż in Laer Silesië, Pole, nou in die Nasionatle museum in Warskou" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Pieta_z_Lubiaza.jpg/147px-Pieta_z_Lubiaza.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Pieta_z_Lubiaza.jpg/220px-Pieta_z_Lubiaza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Pieta_z_Lubiaza.jpg/293px-Pieta_z_Lubiaza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1970" data-file-height="2684" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Late Gothic Pietà van Lubiąż in Laer Silesië, Pole, nou in die Nasionatle museum in Warskou</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Raffaelli_Pariser_Vorstadt.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Jean-François Raffaëlli, Buitewyke van Parys, 1880's"><img alt="Jean-François Raffaëlli, Buitewyke van Parys, 1880's" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Raffaelli_Pariser_Vorstadt.JPG/200px-Raffaelli_Pariser_Vorstadt.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Raffaelli_Pariser_Vorstadt.JPG/300px-Raffaelli_Pariser_Vorstadt.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Raffaelli_Pariser_Vorstadt.JPG/400px-Raffaelli_Pariser_Vorstadt.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3075" data-file-height="2391" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Jean-François Raffaëlli, Buitewyke van Parys, 1880's</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Fallen_Monarchs_1886_by_William_Bliss_Baker.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="William Bliss Baker, Amerikaanse Naturalistiese skilder, Gevalle monarge, 1886"><img alt="William Bliss Baker, Amerikaanse Naturalistiese skilder, Gevalle monarge, 1886" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Fallen_Monarchs_1886_by_William_Bliss_Baker.jpg/200px-Fallen_Monarchs_1886_by_William_Bliss_Baker.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Fallen_Monarchs_1886_by_William_Bliss_Baker.jpg/300px-Fallen_Monarchs_1886_by_William_Bliss_Baker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Fallen_Monarchs_1886_by_William_Bliss_Baker.jpg/400px-Fallen_Monarchs_1886_by_William_Bliss_Baker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">William Bliss Baker, Amerikaanse Naturalistiese skilder, Gevalle monarge, 1886</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Pekka_Halonen_-_Tienraivaajia_Karjalassa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pekka Halonen, Finse Naturalis, Pioniers in Karelië, 1900"><img alt="Pekka Halonen, Finse Naturalis, Pioniers in Karelië, 1900" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Pekka_Halonen_-_Tienraivaajia_Karjalassa.jpg/200px-Pekka_Halonen_-_Tienraivaajia_Karjalassa.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Pekka_Halonen_-_Tienraivaajia_Karjalassa.jpg/300px-Pekka_Halonen_-_Tienraivaajia_Karjalassa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Pekka_Halonen_-_Tienraivaajia_Karjalassa.jpg/400px-Pekka_Halonen_-_Tienraivaajia_Karjalassa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1494" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pekka Halonen, Finse Naturalis, Pioniers in Karelië, 1900</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Letterkunde">Letterkunde</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Realisme_(kunste)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Letterkunde" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Realisme_(kunste)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Letterkunde"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Realisme, breedweg gedefinieer as "die betroubare voorstelling van die werklikheid",<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is as 'n literêre beweging op 'n "objektiewe realiteit" gebaseer. Die fokus was die beskrywing van die alledaagse lewe en aktiwiteite, hoofsaaklik dié van die middel- of laerklasgemeenskap, sonder romantiese idealisering of dramatisering.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teater">Teater</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Realisme_(kunste)&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Teater" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Realisme_(kunste)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Teater"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Realisme in die teater was daarop gerig om aandag op die maatskaplike en sielkundige probleme van die gewone lewe te vestig. In hierdie dramas het mense as slagoffers van magter groter as hulleself na vore getree, as individue wat deur 'n vinnig versnellende wêreld gekonfronteer word.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hierdie baanbrekerdramaturge was nie bang om hulle karakters as gewone, magtelose mense uit te beeld wat nie antwoorde op hulle probleme kon vind nie. <a href="/wiki/Realisme_(dramatiese_kunste)" title="Realisme (dramatiese kunste)">Lees meer oor realisme in dramatiese kunste</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Film">Film</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Realisme_(kunste)&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Film" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Realisme_(kunste)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Film"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Italiaanse Neorealisme het na die <a href="/wiki/Tweede_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Tweede Wêreldoorlog">Tweede Wêreldoorlog</a> in Italië ontwikkel en was 'n rolprentbeweging wat elemente van realisme ingesluit het. Van die vername Neorealiste was Vittorio De Sica, Luchino Visconti en <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini">Roberto Rossellini</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opera">Opera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Realisme_(kunste)&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Wysig afdeling: Opera" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Realisme_(kunste)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Opera"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Verismo was 'n post-Romantiese operatradisie wat met Italiaanse komponiste soos <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Mascagni" title="Pietro Mascagni">Pietro Mascagni</a>, Ruggero Leoncavallo, Umberto Giordano en <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Puccini" title="Giacomo Puccini">Giacomo Puccini</a> geassosieer is. Hulle wou die naturalisme van invloedryke laat 19de-eeuse skrywers soos <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Zola" title="Émile Zola">Émile Zola</a> en <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Henrik Ibsen</a> in die operawêreld vestig. Die styl het in 1890 met die eerste uitvoering van Mascagni se <i>Cavalleria rusticana </i>begin en in die vroeë 1900's 'n hoogtepunt bereik.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sien_ook">Sien ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Realisme_(kunste)&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Wysig afdeling: Sien ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Realisme_(kunste)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Sien ook"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Aesthetic Realism</li> <li>American realism</li> <li>Ashcan School</li> <li>Aspectism</li> <li>Capitalist realism</li> <li>Contemporary realism</li> <li><i>Chanson réaliste</i> (realist song), a style of music performed in France primarily from the 1880s until the end of World War II</li> <li>Hyperrealism (visual arts)</li> <li>Magic realism</li> <li>Nouveau réalisme</li> <li>Photorealism</li> <li>Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood</li> <li>Pseudorealism</li> <li>Romantic realism</li> <li>Social realism</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aantekeninge">Aantekeninge</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Realisme_(kunste)&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Wysig afdeling: Aantekeninge" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Realisme_(kunste)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Aantekeninge"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nga.gov/collection/sfp/noflash/realism/1941_6_1.htm">"NGA Realism movement"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714144138/http://www.nga.gov/collection/sfp/noflash/realism/1941_6_1.htm">Geargiveer</a> 14 Julie 2014 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/glossary/realist-movement">"National Gallery glossary, Realism movement"</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://impressionist1877.tripod.com/realism.htm">"Philosophy of Realism"</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Blunt, 30-32, and the whole short chapter on Leonardo</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Blunt, 59-64</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Needham-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Needham_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Needham</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Donna M. Campbell.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Realism">"Realism definition of Realism in the Free Online Encyclopedia"</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Simard, Rodney.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Verismo" in Stanley Sadie (ed.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Realisme_(kunste)&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Realisme_(kunste)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Baron, Christine; Engel, Manfred, eds. (2010). <i>Realism/Anti-Realism in 20th-Century Literature</i>. NL: Rodopi. <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9789042031159" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-90-420-3115-9</a>.</li> <li>Blunt Anthony, <i>Artistic Theory in Italy, 1450–1600</i>, 1940 (refs to 1985 edn), <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">OUP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0198810504" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-881050-4</a></li> <li>Morris, Pam (2003). <i>Realism</i>. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0415229383" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-415-22938-3</a>.</li> <li>Needham, Gerald, "Naturalism." Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press, accessed February 23, 2013, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordartonline.com/subscriber/article/grove/art/T061451">subscriber link</a></li> <li>Raben, Hans, "Bellori's Art: The Taste and Distaste of a Seventeenth-Century Art Critic in Rome", <i>Simiolus: Netherlands Quarterly for the History of Art</i>, Vol. 32, No. 2/3 (2006), pp. 126–146, Stichting voor Nederlandse Kunsthistorische Publicaties, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/20355327">JSTOR</a></li> <li>Watt, Ian (1957). <i>The Rise of the Novel: Studies in Defoe, Richardson and Fielding</i>. Berkeley: University of California Press.</li> <li>West, Shearer (1996). <i>The Bullfinch Guide to Art</i>. UK: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/082122137X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8212-2137-X</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verdere_leesstof">Verdere leesstof</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Realisme_(kunste)&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Wysig afdeling: Verdere leesstof" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Realisme_(kunste)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Verdere leesstof"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Dahlhaus, Carl (1985). <i>Realism in Nineteenth-Century Music</i>. Translated by Mary Whittall. Cambridge, London, New York, New Rochelle, Melbourne, Sydney: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9780521261159" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-521-26115-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9780521278416" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-521-27841-6</a> (pbk).</li> <li>Dahlhaus, Carl (1989). <i>Nineteenth-Century Music</i>. Translated by J. Bradford Robinson. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9780520076440" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-520-07644-0</a>.* Frisch, Walter (2005). <i>German Modernism: Music and the Arts</i>. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9780520251489" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-520-25148-9</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Realisme_(kunste)&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Realisme_(kunste)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsu.edu/~campbelld/amlit/realism.htm">Article on American literary realism at the Literary Movements site</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ontsluit van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Realisme_(kunste)&oldid=2441196">https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Realisme_(kunste)&oldid=2441196</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Kategorie%C3%AB" title="Spesiaal:Kategorieë">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Kunsbewegings" title="Kategorie:Kunsbewegings">Kunsbewegings</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Versteekte kategorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Pages_using_ISBN_magic_links" title="Kategorie:Pages using ISBN magic links">Pages using ISBN magic links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Die bladsy is laas op 18 Augustus 2021 om 00:01 bygewerk.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Die teks is beskikbaar onder die lisensie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Erkenning-Insgelyks Deel</a>. 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