Internationally recognised research | Research and Innovation

<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge"> <title>Internationally recognised research | Research and Innovation | Loughborough University</title>   <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/web-assets/shared/favicon/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/web-assets/shared/favicon/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/web-assets/shared/favicon/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/web-assets/shared/favicon/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/web-assets/shared/favicon/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/web-assets/shared/favicon/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/web-assets/shared/favicon/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/web-assets/shared/favicon/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/web-assets/shared/favicon/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/web-assets/shared/favicon/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="96x96" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/web-assets/shared/favicon/favicon-96x96.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="128x128" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/web-assets/shared/favicon/favicon-128.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="196x196" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/web-assets/shared/favicon/favicon-196x196.png"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffffff"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/web-assets/shared/favicon/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="msapplication-square70x70logo" content="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/web-assets/shared/favicon/mstile-70x70.png"> <meta name="msapplication-square150x150logo" content="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/web-assets/shared/favicon/mstile-150x150.png"> <meta name="msapplication-wide310x150logo" content="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/web-assets/shared/favicon/mstile-310x150.png"> <meta name="msapplication-square310x310logo" content="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/web-assets/shared/favicon/mstile-310x310.png"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/web-assets/prod/fountain/dist/fountain.css?v=20241107"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/web-assets/prod/research-innovation/dist/research-innovation.css?v=20230217">  <script> window.Detection=function(e,n){var t,s,c,o;return o=n.documentElement,s=o.className.replace("no-js","js"),c=function(){return!!n.createElement("svg").getAttributeNS},t={svg:c()},s+=t.svg?" svg":" no-svg",o.className=s,t}(window,document); </script>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-KW3LH9');</script>  </head> <body class="page-layout-wide-boxed section-id-165521 has-banner has-intro">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-KW3LH9" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <nav aria-label="Skip links"> <ul class="list list--skip-links"> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link" href="#content" rel="nofollow">Skip to content</a> </li> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link" href="#global-nav-primary" rel="nofollow">Skip to primary global navigation</a> </li> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link" href="#global-nav-secondary" rel="nofollow">Skip to secondary global navigation</a> </li> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link" href="#site-nav" rel="nofollow">Skip to site navigation</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <header class="header" id="header">  <div class="global-header"> <div class="container"> <div class="global-header__logo-toggles-container"> <a class="global-header__logo" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/"> <span class="visually-hidden">Loughborough University</span> </a> <button class="global-header__toggle global-header__toggle--menu" type="button" aria-label="Global menu" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="visually-hidden">Toggle global mobile menu</span> </button> <button class="global-header__toggle global-header__toggle--search" type="button"> <span class="icon icon--ui-search-white"> <span class="visually-hidden">Toggle global search</span> </span> </button> </div> <div class="global-header__search"> <form class="form form--search" method="get" action="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/search"> <div class="form__components form__components--text"> <label class="form__label visually-hidden" for="global-search">Search</label> <input class="form__field" placeholder="Search lboro.ac.uk" name="q" id="global-search" type="search"> <input class="form__hidden form__hidden--collection" type="hidden" name="collection" value=""> <input class="form__hidden form__hidden--level" type="hidden" name="f.Level|level" value=""> <button class="button button--basic form__button" type="submit"> <span class="icon icon--ui-search-white"> <span class="visually-hidden">Go</span> </span> </button> </div> <div role="radiogroup" aria-labelledby="search-location"> <span class="visually-hidden" id="search-location">Choose a location to search</span> <div class="form__components form__components--radio"> <input class="form__radio form__radio--all" type="radio" name="global-search-location" id="global-search-all" checked> <label class="form__label" for="global-search-all">All</label> </div> <div class="form__components form__components--radio"> <input class="form__radio form__radio--ug" type="radio" name="global-search-location" id="global-search-ug"> <label class="form__label" for="global-search-ug">Undergraduate courses</label> </div> <div class="form__components form__components--radio"> <input class="form__radio form__radio--masters" type="radio" name="global-search-location" id="global-search-masters"> <label class="form__label" for="global-search-masters">Master's degrees</label> </div> <div class="form__components form__components--radio"> <input class="form__radio form__radio--phd" type="radio" name="global-search-location" id="global-search-phd"> <label class="form__label" for="global-search-phd">PhD opportunities</label> </div> </div> </form> </div> <div class="global-header__nav-container"> <nav class="header__nav global-header__nav global-header__nav--secondary" id="global-nav-secondary" aria-label="Secondary global navigation"> <ul class="list"> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/internal/">Students</a> </li> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/internal/">Staff</a> </li> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/alumni/">Alumni</a> </li> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/services/hr/jobs/">Jobs</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="header__nav global-header__nav global-header__nav--primary" id="global-nav-primary" aria-label="Primary global navigation"> <ul class="list"> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/study/">Study</a> </li> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/research/">Research and Innovation</a> </li> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/sport/">Sport</a> </li> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/news-events/">News and events</a> </li> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/about/">About</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site-header"> <div class="container"> <a class="site-header__title" href="/research/"> <span class="icon icon--small icon--inline icon--ui-arrow-left"> <svg class="icon__svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M.045 7.83C.04 7.82.032 7.814.028 7.805a.33.33 0 0 1 0-.268c.003-.01.01-.016.016-.026a.302.302 0 0 1 .062-.08l.005-.01L8.45.09a.333.333 0 1 1 .44.5L1.22 7.34h14.45a.334.334 0 0 1 0 .667H1.218l7.67 6.75a.332.332 0 0 1-.22.583.33.33 0 0 1-.22-.083L.11 7.922c-.002 0-.003-.005-.005-.007a.348.348 0 0 1-.062-.083V7.83z"/></svg> </span>  <span class="site-header__title-text site-header__title-text--primary">Research and Innovation</span> </a> <div class="site-header__nav-search-toggle-container"> <div class="site-header__nav-search-container">  <nav class="header__nav site-header__nav site-header__nav--primary" aria-label="Primary site navigation"> <ul class="list"> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link" href="/research/spotlights/"> Research spotlights </a> </li> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link" href="/research/experts/"> Our experts </a> </li> <li class="list__item list__item--external"> <a class="list__link" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/policy-unit"> <span class="list__text">Policy Unit</span> <span class="icon icon--embed icon--ui-external"> <svg class="icon__svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12.5 9.016a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5v5.47H1v-11h5.5a.5.5 0 0 0 0-1h-6a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5v12a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5h12a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5v-5.97a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5z"/><path d="M15.5 0h-6a.5.5 0 0 0 0 1h4.793L3.146 12.146a.5.5 0 1 0 .707.707L15 1.707V6.5a.5.5 0 0 0 1 0v-6a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5z"/></svg> </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>   </div>  <button class="site-header__toggle" type="button" aria-label="Menu" aria-controls="secondary-site-nav" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="site-header__toggle-text">Menu</span> <span class="icon icon--hamburger" aria-hidden="true"> <span class="icon__line" aria-hidden="true"></span> </span> </button> </div> </div>  <nav class="breadcrumbs" aria-label="Breadcrumbs"> <div class="breadcrumbs__container"> <ol class="breadcrumbs__list"> <li class="breadcrumbs__item"> <a href="/">University home</a></li><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><a href="/research/">Research and Innovation</a></li><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><a href="/research/internationally-recognised/">Internationally recognised research</a> </li> </ol> </div> </nav>  <div class="site-header__menu"> <div class="container">  <nav id="secondary-site-nav" class="header__nav site-header__nav site-header__nav--secondary" aria-label="Secondary site navigation"> <ul class="list list--bricks"><li class="list__item brick brick--bold"> <div class="list__container"> <a class="list__link has-icon" href="/research/schools-departments/" data-mh="site-header-brick"> <span class="icon icon--embed icon--documents"><svg class="icon__svg" width="51" height="48" viewBox="0 0 51 48" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M15.678 7.836c-3.058 0-6.116.003-9.175-.001-.787-.001-1.262-.592-1.042-1.29.114-.357.358-.593.737-.657.189-.032.385-.042.576-.042 5.938-.002 11.874-.002 17.812 0 .192 0 .388.01.575.046.486.092.783.5.758 1.015a.946.946 0 0 1-.87.92c-.218.018-.44.009-.658.01h-8.713zM15.652 16.427c-3.032 0-6.065-.002-9.1.003-.483 0-.864-.162-1.063-.617-.273-.622.146-1.296.847-1.388.076-.01.155-.006.231-.006h18.201c.682.001 1.12.362 1.15.938.034.61-.38 1.06-1.01 1.067-.904.012-1.808.003-2.71.003h-6.546M15.64 23.01c3.059 0 6.118-.002 9.177 0 .563 0 .982.295 1.082.745.129.59-.183 1.084-.775 1.222a1.386 1.386 0 0 1-.304.035c-6.093.001-12.185.002-18.278 0-.57 0-.958-.272-1.09-.74a.983.983 0 0 1 .855-1.254c.141-.015.285-.008.427-.008h8.906M15.718 27.348h9.06c.596.001 1.02.293 1.121.751.139.639-.268 1.19-.926 1.255-.05.005-.103.002-.154.002H6.542c-.466 0-.837-.166-1.042-.597-.29-.615.122-1.323.808-1.403.14-.016.284-.008.426-.008h8.984M15.678 31.602c3.06 0 6.118-.002 9.176 0 .59.001.985.31 1.054.81.09.64-.292 1.112-.936 1.158a2.315 2.315 0 0 1-.155.004c-6.091 0-12.184-.001-18.273.002-.468 0-.84-.139-1.044-.579a.971.971 0 0 1 .888-1.392c1.031-.012 2.064-.003 3.096-.003h6.194M15.638 12.176c-3.058 0-6.117.003-9.175-.002-.757 0-1.22-.602-1.001-1.286.125-.39.396-.625.813-.67.076-.008.153-.009.23-.009l18.312.001c.692 0 1.097.361 1.104.966.008.564-.384.982-.953.996-.515.012-1.032.004-1.549.004h-7.781zM11.068 35.941c1.548 0 3.095-.003 4.641.002.476.001.85.276.967.683.124.431-.031.888-.388 1.128-.212.142-.454.177-.7.177-3.018 0-6.034.003-9.05-.002-.647-.001-1.038-.325-1.124-.888-.066-.44.226-.891.672-1.053.163-.06.33-.046.496-.047h4.486M11.062 20.765c-1.508 0-3.017.002-4.525 0-.678 0-1.14-.41-1.138-.998.002-.572.48-1.003 1.143-1.004 3.017-.003 6.034-.003 9.052 0 .682.002 1.123.41 1.12 1.01-.002.605-.434.99-1.126.992-1.509.003-3.017 0-4.526 0"/><path d="M48.671 22.814V35.63c0 .732-.268 1.002-1.001 1.002-5.201.001-10.403-.002-15.603.008-.336 0-.442-.073-.433-.423a83.265 83.265 0 0 0 0-3.446c-.009-.365.073-.476.458-.474 4.001.016 8.002.01 12.002.01.689 0 1.115-.391 1.11-1.006-.006-.492-.295-.848-.792-.95a2.466 2.466 0 0 0-.5-.042c-3.948-.002-7.897-.006-11.845.006-.33 0-.459-.063-.433-.42.034-.488.024-.98.001-1.47-.013-.294.085-.37.372-.37 2.298.012 4.594.007 6.893.007h5.304c.413 0 .727-.169.904-.545a.972.972 0 0 0-.085-1.023.888.888 0 0 0-.757-.396c-.515-.002-1.031-.002-1.548-.002-3.55 0-7.098-.005-10.647.007-.331.001-.461-.067-.437-.423a11.3 11.3 0 0 0 .001-1.432c-.02-.326.087-.403.405-.402 3.963.01 7.925.006 11.887.007.194 0 .384-.003.573-.061.491-.151.755-.565.694-1.104-.05-.446-.444-.808-.918-.837-.128-.007-.258-.003-.388-.003-3.936 0-7.871-.005-11.809.008-.352 0-.468-.086-.445-.445a13.35 13.35 0 0 0 .001-1.47c-.01-.275.079-.345.348-.344 2.066.011 4.13.006 6.195.006 2 0 4.001.002 6.002-.002.463-.001.86-.282.985-.671a1.016 1.016 0 0 0-.37-1.137c-.242-.168-.52-.202-.81-.202-3.962.003-7.925-.003-11.886.01-.368.003-.494-.076-.465-.459.036-.514.024-1.033.001-1.547-.011-.283.091-.34.352-.338 2.375.008 4.75.005 7.125.005h4.956c.694-.001 1.13-.38 1.135-.986.006-.625-.432-1.02-1.144-1.02-4.002 0-8.002-.005-12.003.009-.345 0-.43-.088-.422-.427a89.772 89.772 0 0 0 0-3.445c-.006-.35.082-.455.444-.454 4.62.013 9.241.008 13.862.008.593 0 1.187-.008 1.78.003.692.012.951.284.951.97v12.894m2.018-12.846c.003-1.885-1.424-3.026-2.997-3.012-5.215.045-10.429.014-15.644.024-.312 0-.42-.067-.414-.4.02-1.2-.038-2.403.018-3.6.076-1.595-1.145-2.984-2.976-2.98-8.558.018-17.114.009-25.672.006-.35 0-.692.033-1.03.128C.935.43-.002 1.456.004 2.914c.019 6.97.008 13.94.008 20.91 0 6.957.015 13.914-.012 20.87-.006 1.517 1.061 2.888 2.72 2.907 2.917.035 5.834.013 8.751.01.351-.002.661-.119.868-.424.22-.327.248-.682.07-1.025-.196-.375-.522-.543-.952-.542-2.814.004-5.628.002-8.44.002-.757 0-1.038-.274-1.038-1.017V3.017c0-.731.273-1 1.003-1h25.672c.757 0 1.02.259 1.02 1.021l.001 37.987c0 .777-.267 1.038-1.05 1.038H6.322c-.155 0-.31-.006-.465.007a1.02 1.02 0 0 0-.937.924c-.039.435.28.871.733 1.018.19.062.381.059.574.059h16.108c2.143 0 4.286.005 6.428-.001 1.685-.006 2.875-1.198 2.88-2.872v-2.09c0-.508 0-.508.49-.508 5.201 0 10.403-.023 15.604.014 1.609.011 2.953-1.173 2.949-2.973a6688.47 6688.47 0 0 1 .003-25.673"/></svg></span> <div class="list__text"> Schools and departments </div> </a> </div> </li><li class="list__item brick brick--bold"> <div class="list__container"> <a class="list__link has-icon" href="/research/centres-excellence/" data-mh="site-header-brick"> <span class="icon building-1 icon--inline"><svg class="icon__svg" width="55" height="49" viewBox="0 0 55 49"><path d="M54 48.4H41.386a.948.948 0 0 1-.948-.95v-6.573h-3.794v6.45a.948.948 0 0 1-.95.947h-9.292a.948.948 0 0 1 0-1.897h8.345V39.93c0-.525.424-.95.947-.95h5.69c.524 0 .948.425.948.95V46.5H53.05V17.758L23.79 3.18v44.27a.948.948 0 0 1-.947.95h-7.628a.948.948 0 0 1-.95-.95v-6.573h-4.17v6.573a.948.948 0 0 1-.95.95H.95A.948.948 0 0 1 0 47.45V25.212c0-.323.164-.624.436-.798L19.35 12.286a.95.95 0 0 1 1.023 1.597L1.897 25.73v20.772h6.3V39.93c0-.525.425-.95.95-.95h6.068c.523 0 .948.425.948.95V46.5h5.732V1.648A.95.95 0 0 1 23.265.8l31.157 15.522c.322.16.525.49.525.848v30.28a.948.948 0 0 1-.948.95"/><path d="M27.543 41.13h3.287v-3.034h-3.287v3.034zm4.235 1.897h-5.183a.948.948 0 0 1-.95-.948v-4.932c0-.524.426-.95.95-.95h5.183c.524 0 .95.426.95.95v4.93a.948.948 0 0 1-.95.95zM45.876 41.13h3.288v-3.034h-3.288v3.034zm4.236 1.897h-5.184a.948.948 0 0 1-.948-.948v-4.932c0-.524.424-.95.948-.95h5.184c.524 0 .948.426.948.95v4.93a.948.948 0 0 1-.948.95zM27.543 32.533h3.287v-3.035h-3.287v3.035zm4.235 1.896h-5.183a.948.948 0 0 1-.95-.95v-4.93c0-.524.426-.948.95-.948h5.183c.524 0 .95.424.95.948v4.93a.948.948 0 0 1-.95.95zM27.543 23.935h3.287V20.9h-3.287v3.035zm4.235 1.897h-5.183a.948.948 0 0 1-.95-.948v-4.93c0-.525.426-.95.95-.95h5.183c.524 0 .95.425.95.95v4.93a.948.948 0 0 1-.95.948zM36.773 32.533h3.287v-3.035h-3.287v3.035zm4.235 1.896h-5.183a.948.948 0 0 1-.95-.95v-4.93c0-.524.426-.948.95-.948h5.183c.524 0 .95.424.95.948v4.93a.948.948 0 0 1-.95.95zM36.773 23.935h3.287V20.9h-3.287v3.035zm4.235 1.897h-5.183a.948.948 0 0 1-.95-.948v-4.93c0-.525.426-.95.95-.95h5.183c.524 0 .95.425.95.95v4.93a.948.948 0 0 1-.95.948zM5.543 32.533H8.83v-3.035H5.543v3.035zm4.235 1.896H4.595a.948.948 0 0 1-.95-.95v-4.93c0-.524.426-.948.95-.948h5.183c.524 0 .95.424.95.948v4.93a.948.948 0 0 1-.95.95zM14.773 32.533h3.287v-3.035h-3.287v3.035zm4.235 1.896h-5.183a.948.948 0 0 1-.95-.95v-4.93c0-.524.426-.948.95-.948h5.183c.524 0 .95.424.95.948v4.93a.948.948 0 0 1-.95.95zM14.773 23.935h3.287V20.9h-3.287v3.035zm4.235 1.897h-5.183a.948.948 0 0 1-.95-.948v-4.93c0-.525.426-.95.95-.95h5.183c.524 0 .95.425.95.95v4.93a.948.948 0 0 1-.95.948zM45.876 32.533h3.288v-3.035h-3.288v3.035zm4.236 1.896h-5.184a.948.948 0 0 1-.948-.95v-4.93c0-.524.424-.948.948-.948h5.184c.524 0 .948.424.948.948v4.93a.948.948 0 0 1-.948.95zM45.876 23.935h3.288V20.9h-3.288v3.035zm4.236 1.897h-5.184a.948.948 0 0 1-.948-.948v-4.93c0-.525.424-.95.948-.95h5.184c.524 0 .948.425.948.95v4.93a.948.948 0 0 1-.948.948zM27.543 15.338h3.287v-3.035h-3.287v3.035zm4.235 1.897h-5.183a.948.948 0 0 1-.95-.95v-4.93c0-.524.426-.948.95-.948h5.183c.524 0 .95.424.95.948v4.93a.948.948 0 0 1-.95.95z"/></svg></span> <div class="list__text"> Centres of excellence </div> </a> </div> </li><li class="list__item brick brick--bold"> <div class="list__container"> <a class="list__link" href="/research/clusters/" data-mh="site-header-brick"> <span class="icon icon--embed icon--research-clusters"><svg class="icon__svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="52" height="51" viewBox="0 0 52 51"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M44.922 12.725a4.486 4.486 0 0 1-4.481-4.482 4.486 4.486 0 0 1 4.481-4.481 4.486 4.486 0 0 1 4.482 4.481 4.486 4.486 0 0 1-4.482 4.482M27.719 43.691a4.486 4.486 0 0 1-4.482 4.482 4.487 4.487 0 0 1-4.482-4.482 4.488 4.488 0 0 1 4.482-4.482 4.487 4.487 0 0 1 4.482 4.482M6.379 32.063a4.486 4.486 0 0 1-4.481-4.482A4.486 4.486 0 0 1 6.379 23.1a4.486 4.486 0 0 1 4.482 4.481 4.486 4.486 0 0 1-4.482 4.482m4.362-25.684a4.487 4.487 0 0 1 4.483-4.481 4.486 4.486 0 0 1 4.481 4.481 4.486 4.486 0 0 1-4.481 4.482 4.487 4.487 0 0 1-4.483-4.482m34.181-4.515a6.386 6.386 0 0 0-6.378 6.379c0 1.622.613 3.101 1.614 4.228l-5.681 6.614a8.943 8.943 0 0 0-5.016-1.542c-1.573 0-3.05.412-4.334 1.13l-5.45-7.736a6.357 6.357 0 0 0 1.926-4.558A6.387 6.387 0 0 0 15.224 0a6.386 6.386 0 0 0-6.379 6.379 6.386 6.386 0 0 0 6.379 6.38c1.05 0 2.04-.26 2.914-.712l5.442 7.724a8.9 8.9 0 0 0-3.027 6.282l-7.924.246a6.39 6.39 0 0 0-6.25-5.096A6.386 6.386 0 0 0 0 27.581a6.386 6.386 0 0 0 6.379 6.379c3.311 0 6.038-2.535 6.348-5.766l7.937-.246a8.941 8.941 0 0 0 4.961 6.576l-1.032 2.936a6.38 6.38 0 0 0-1.356-.148 6.386 6.386 0 0 0-6.378 6.379 6.386 6.386 0 0 0 6.378 6.379 6.386 6.386 0 0 0 6.379-6.379 6.38 6.38 0 0 0-3.251-5.553l1.049-2.982a8.858 8.858 0 0 0 2.047.247c4.924 0 8.93-4.006 8.93-8.93a8.955 8.955 0 0 0-1.003-4.115.95.95 0 0 0-1.683.875 6.95 6.95 0 0 1 .789 3.24c0 3.878-3.155 7.032-7.033 7.032a7.04 7.04 0 0 1-7.032-7.032 7.04 7.04 0 0 1 7.032-7.032c1.662 0 3.275.59 4.541 1.662a.948.948 0 0 0 1.333-.106l6.279-7.31c.966.59 2.096.935 3.308.935a6.385 6.385 0 0 0 6.379-6.379 6.386 6.386 0 0 0-6.379-6.379"/></svg></span> <div class="list__text"> Research clusters </div> </a> </div> </li><li class="list__item brick brick--bold"> <div class="list__container"> <a class="list__link has-icon" href="/research/global-challenges/" data-mh="site-header-brick"> <span class="icon icon--embed icon--computer-research"><svg class="icon__svg" width="52" height="44" viewBox="0 0 52 44" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M48.218 34.437H3.116C1.398 34.437 0 32.775 0 30.733V3.703C0 1.662 1.398 0 3.116 0H45.3c1.718 0 3.116 1.661 3.116 3.704v3.153a1.02 1.02 0 1 1-2.04 0V3.704c0-.981-.567-1.664-1.076-1.664H3.116c-.508 0-1.076.683-1.076 1.664v27.029c0 .98.568 1.663 1.076 1.663h45.102c.6 0 1.323-.742 1.323-1.663V4.018a1.02 1.02 0 1 1 2.04 0v26.715c0 1.973-1.571 3.704-3.363 3.704M34.31 43.798H17.27a1.023 1.023 0 0 1-1.004-1.2l1.053-5.89a1.02 1.02 0 1 1 2.008.359l-.838 4.69h14.56l-.825-3.85h-9.882l-.28 1.673a1.019 1.019 0 1 1-2.011-.336l.42-2.524a1.02 1.02 0 0 1 1.007-.853h11.57c.481 0 .897.336.998.807l1.261 5.89a1.022 1.022 0 0 1-.997 1.234"/><path d="M28.01 25.133a1.945 1.945 0 0 0-1.451 2.333 1.945 1.945 0 0 0 2.333 1.45 1.945 1.945 0 0 0 1.451-2.332 1.945 1.945 0 0 0-2.333-1.451m1.067 4.576a2.76 2.76 0 0 1-3.31-2.059 2.76 2.76 0 0 1 2.059-3.31 2.76 2.76 0 0 1 3.31 2.06 2.76 2.76 0 0 1-2.06 3.309M15.9 23.768a1.946 1.946 0 0 0-1.45 2.333 1.945 1.945 0 0 0 2.332 1.452 1.945 1.945 0 0 0 1.452-2.333 1.945 1.945 0 0 0-2.333-1.452m1.066 4.578a2.76 2.76 0 0 1-3.31-2.06 2.76 2.76 0 0 1 2.06-3.31 2.76 2.76 0 0 1 3.31 2.06 2.76 2.76 0 0 1-2.06 3.31M36.709 12.497a1.946 1.946 0 0 0-1.452 2.333 1.945 1.945 0 0 0 2.333 1.452 1.945 1.945 0 0 0 1.452-2.333 1.945 1.945 0 0 0-2.333-1.452m1.066 4.577a2.76 2.76 0 0 1-3.31-2.059 2.76 2.76 0 0 1 2.06-3.31 2.76 2.76 0 0 1 3.31 2.06 2.76 2.76 0 0 1-2.06 3.31M32.197 9.754a1.032 1.032 0 0 0 .468 2.01 1.032 1.032 0 0 0-.468-2.009m.653 2.8a1.847 1.847 0 0 1-2.215-1.378 1.847 1.847 0 0 1 1.378-2.215c.99-.23 1.984.388 2.215 1.378a1.847 1.847 0 0 1-1.378 2.215M33.932 5.584a1.033 1.033 0 0 0 .468 2.009 1.032 1.032 0 0 0-.468-2.009m.652 2.801a1.847 1.847 0 0 1-2.215-1.378 1.847 1.847 0 0 1 1.378-2.215c.99-.23 1.984.387 2.215 1.378.23.99-.388 1.984-1.378 2.215M13.702 12.207a1.032 1.032 0 1 0 1.238.77 1.032 1.032 0 0 0-1.238-.77m.653 2.8a1.847 1.847 0 0 1-2.216-1.377 1.846 1.846 0 0 1 1.378-2.216c.99-.23 1.985.388 2.216 1.378.23.991-.388 1.985-1.378 2.216M36.536 21.207a1.032 1.032 0 1 0 1.238.77 1.032 1.032 0 0 0-1.238-.77m.653 2.8a1.847 1.847 0 0 1-2.215-1.377 1.847 1.847 0 0 1 1.377-2.215c.99-.23 1.985.387 2.216 1.378.23.99-.388 1.984-1.378 2.215M10.488 21.776a1.033 1.033 0 0 0 .468 2.009 1.033 1.033 0 0 0-.468-2.01m.653 2.802a1.847 1.847 0 0 1-2.216-1.378 1.847 1.847 0 0 1 1.378-2.215c.991-.23 1.985.387 2.216 1.378a1.846 1.846 0 0 1-1.378 2.215"/><path d="M33.526 9.672l-.749-.316.661-1.564.75.317zM35.159 13.337L33.35 11.91l.503-.638 1.808 1.427zM14.055 24.95l-2.223-1.208.39-.715 2.221 1.209zM18.165 24.452a.46.46 0 0 1-.37-.734l4.714-6.356 6.365-1.484 2.454-3.945a.459.459 0 1 1 .78.486l-2.653 4.27-6.408 1.491-4.512 6.086a.46.46 0 0 1-.37.186"/><path d="M27.906 25.15a.46.46 0 0 1-.447-.356l-1.793-7.696a.46.46 0 1 1 .895-.209l1.794 7.696a.46.46 0 0 1-.449.565M22.777 18.23a.45.45 0 0 1-.204-.048l-7.604-3.789a.459.459 0 1 1 .41-.823l7.604 3.79a.46.46 0 0 1-.206.87M35.534 21.649a.45.45 0 0 1-.28-.096l-6.37-4.906a.46.46 0 1 1 .56-.728l6.37 4.906a.46.46 0 0 1-.28.824"/></svg></span> <div class="list__text"> Global challenges </div> </a> </div> </li><li class="list__item brick brick--bold"> <div class="list__container"> <a class="list__link has-icon" href="/research/internationally-recognised/" data-mh="site-header-brick"> <span class="icon icon--embed icon--globe"><svg class="icon__svg" width="48" height="48" viewBox="0 0 48 48" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M33.83 42.646c-7.87 4.332-17.822 2.965-24.537-2.854-.02-.02-.042-.04-.064-.058.313-.793.946-2.163 1.878-3.116a5.403 5.403 0 0 0 1.56-3.57c.628-.37 1.388-.988 1.423-1.833.017-.356-.094-1.03-1.004-1.53-.507-.278-.88-.62-1.35-1.056-.82-.754-1.836-1.692-4.015-2.742a11.15 11.15 0 0 0-5.642-1.095c-.02-.36-.032-.72-.035-1.08a.917.917 0 0 0 .09-.254c.248-.92 3.742-4.666 4.52-5.006 1.01-.41 1.284-.88 1.497-1.365.037-.085.06-.14.09-.185.067-.014.193-.026.29-.035.236-.022.532-.05.855-.152.352-.112.63-.378.763-.73.38-1.008-.614-2.783-.927-3.303-.24-.398-.572-.63-.84-.817-.294-.206-.394-.287-.44-.46a1.91 1.91 0 0 0-.424-.77c.29.01.602.018.944.024.838.015 1.882.034 2.34.187.168.242-.038 1.298-.115 1.696-.16.813-.297 1.515.313 1.96.222.16.437.224.637.224.544 0 .986-.466 1.21-.7.362-.383.858-.907 1.79-1.336 1.957-.903 2.47-1.615 3.012-2.37l.16-.223c.317-.425 1.143-.89 1.59-1.08a.942.942 0 0 0-.554-1.79c-.837.165-4.74-.428-8.06-1.034 3.58-2.6 7.946-4.136 12.465-4.263 6.618-.188 12.87 2.932 17.094 7.92-.126.022-.28.022-.473-.025-.4-.098-.588-.284-.872-.566-.443-.44-1.05-1.045-2.383-1.078-.925-.027-2.11.432-3.488.96-1.473.562-3.305 1.264-4.297 1.053-.873-.186-1.417-.388-1.854-.55-.65-.243-1.213-.452-2.075-.265-.92.2-2.64 1.08-4.178 1.888-.188.1-.338.178-.436.228-.335.17-.572.467-.665.836-.123.49.038 1.054.27 1.55-.827.508-1.905 1.3-2.254 2.14-.352.845-.728 2.056-.17 3.184l-.098.083c-.52.436-1.307 1.094-1.66 2.297-.442 1.512-.458 3.675.504 5.098.563.834 1.4 1.327 2.422 1.426 1.15.113 1.704.084 2.08-.044.117.04.235.386.33.664.132.39.282.834.604 1.19.23.305.55 1.892.572 3.16.016.923.884 5.242 3.136 5.297h.048c1.77 0 2.864-2.35 3.835-4.762.01-.026.02-.05.03-.07.22.057.55.092.884-.108.21-.125.474-.38.555-.892.063-.415-.008-.86-.09-1.373-.115-.71-.245-1.516.048-2.05.21-.384.466-.802.738-1.244.6-.98 1.223-1.995 1.44-2.827.038-.137.356-.356.588-.517.435-.3 1.19-.82 1.204-1.697.912.837 1.98 2.093 3.103 3.95a.942.942 0 0 0 1.75-.447c.085-2.06.716-3.533 1.024-3.548.05-.002.085 0 .11.002.043.185-.013.63-.126.95a.943.943 0 0 0 1.606.928c.396-.466 1.934-2.306 2.926-3.868 1.053 8.775-3.225 17.454-11.2 21.842M2.26 26.67a9.322 9.322 0 0 1 4.644.915c1.925.928 2.79 1.726 3.554 2.43.474.437.925.852 1.536 1.217a3.853 3.853 0 0 1-.666.39.942.942 0 0 0-.55 1c.004.015.183 1.454-1.016 2.68-.904.923-1.56 2.105-1.982 3.03-3.043-3.243-4.91-7.35-5.52-11.66m3.326-15.1c.29.09.543.237.566.325.227.833.794 1.228 1.168 1.49.13.09.277.194.314.255.258.43.52.992.655 1.39-.443.042-1.072.13-1.52.742-.164.222-.252.422-.316.57-.08.183-.103.233-.5.394-.667.272-2.303 1.792-3.646 3.337.197-1.26.498-2.51.914-3.734a20.256 20.256 0 0 1 2.364-4.768m5.858-2.483c-.76-.272-1.874-.292-2.95-.31a52.914 52.914 0 0 1-.653-.016c.334-.35.68-.685 1.036-1.01 1.376.268 4.813.915 7.426 1.216a.233.233 0 0 1-.008.012c-.062.083-.12.164-.176.243-.46.64-.766 1.064-2.272 1.758a7.186 7.186 0 0 0-1.12.642c.07-1.015-.11-2.12-1.282-2.536m34.69 7.363c-.243-.804-1.156-.848-1.642-.434l-.006.003a.937.937 0 0 0-.114.12l-.015.016a.874.874 0 0 0-.108.182.907.907 0 0 0-.04.67c0 .005.13.55-.18 1.678-.147.532-.986 1.75-1.9 2.946l-.002-.003c-.264-.355-.772-.763-1.705-.722-.48.024-1.825.323-2.474 2.815-2.764-3.663-5.248-4.46-6.296-4.312-.53.075-.922.39-1.044.844-.24.898.564 1.422 1.21 1.843.237.154.688.448.868.65-.093.074-.224.165-.323.233-.475.327-1.124.775-1.34 1.588-.148.565-.72 1.5-1.225 2.323-.272.443-.55.9-.783 1.323-.604 1.102-.404 2.347-.258 3.255l.022.144c-.666.132-1.062.73-1.29 1.298-1.226 3.046-1.846 3.525-2.07 3.578-.45-.246-1.298-2.288-1.318-3.442 0-.032-.085-3.31-1.05-4.38-.07-.077-.16-.346-.227-.543-.204-.6-.51-1.506-1.51-1.843-.357-.12-.76-.257-1.226 0-.096.015-.416.038-1.274-.046-.463-.045-.795-.237-1.043-.606-.583-.86-.567-2.454-.257-3.514.192-.654.633-1.023 1.06-1.38.42-.35 1.398-1.17.65-2.242-.18-.256-.302-.665.15-1.746.16-.39 1.31-1.197 2.236-1.675a.943.943 0 0 0 .343-1.375 4.58 4.58 0 0 1-.408-.733c.017-.01.034-.018.052-.027.806-.425 2.952-1.553 3.7-1.715.31-.067.444-.025 1.02.19.467.173 1.11.412 2.12.626 1.533.325 3.478-.418 5.36-1.138 1.025-.39 2.186-.835 2.744-.835h.025c.58.014.743.176 1.1.53.355.354.843.84 1.753 1.06 1.744.427 2.785-.66 3.09-1.295a.932.932 0 0 0 .057-.658 1.036 1.036 0 0 0-.21-.5C36.94 2.232 28.24-1.074 19.565.31 13.99 1.2 9.1 4.21 5.576 8.43a.92.92 0 0 0-.248.306 25.133 25.133 0 0 0-3.65 6.118C-1.45 22.35-.068 31.212 4.69 37.684c4.876 6.632 13.12 10.143 21.264 9.38 14.81-1.39 24.445-16.537 20.18-30.61"/></svg></span> <div class="list__text"> Internationally recognised research </div> </a> </div> </li><li class="list__item brick"> <div class="list__container"> <a class="list__link has-icon" href="/research/expertise/" data-mh="site-header-brick"> <span class="icon icon--bulb icon--inline"><svg class="icon__svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="47" height="57" viewBox="0 0 47 57"><path d="M18.414 42.269c-.4 0-.76-.281-.843-.689l-1.64-7.986a.862.862 0 0 1 1.688-.346l1.64 7.985a.862.862 0 0 1-.845 1.036m9.707 0a.862.862 0 0 1-.845-1.035l1.64-7.986a.862.862 0 0 1 1.689.346l-1.641 7.986a.862.862 0 0 1-.843.689m-3.13 0-.057-.002a.862.862 0 0 1-.804-.917l.529-7.986a.863.863 0 0 1 1.72.114l-.529 7.986a.862.862 0 0 1-.859.805m-3.313 0a.862.862 0 0 1-.86-.805l-.527-7.986a.862.862 0 1 1 1.72-.114l.528 7.986a.862.862 0 0 1-.861.919M18.73 6.262a.898.898 0 0 1-.876-.702l-.998-4.457A.897.897 0 0 1 17.538.03l.042-.009a.898.898 0 0 1 1.072.689l.957 4.466a.898.898 0 0 1-.88 1.086m9.053.016a.894.894 0 0 1-.195-.021l-.041-.01a.897.897 0 0 1-.68-1.078l1.026-4.45a.897.897 0 0 1 1.752.395l-.985 4.46a.898.898 0 0 1-.877.704M10.568 10.21a.897.897 0 0 1-.726-.37l-1.33-1.827L7.087 6.26a.896.896 0 0 1 .13-1.263.898.898 0 0 1 1.263.13l1.3 1.598c.025.024.048.05.07.077l1.52 1.858a.899.899 0 0 1-.145 1.279l-.108.084a.898.898 0 0 1-.55.187m25.353.036a.895.895 0 0 1-.596-.226.898.898 0 0 1-.197-1.316l1.358-1.66 1.396-1.918a.898.898 0 0 1 1.275-.182l.108.083a.898.898 0 0 1 .146 1.28l-1.433 1.75-1.332 1.821a.897.897 0 0 1-.725.368m-30.908 6.95a.897.897 0 0 1-.402-.094L2.567 16.08.52 15.128a.898.898 0 0 1-.417-1.232l.02-.042a.898.898 0 0 1 1.205-.401l1.854.927 2.24 1.033a.897.897 0 0 1 .432 1.205l-.033.07a.898.898 0 0 1-.81.508m36.446.053a.898.898 0 0 1-.823-.538.898.898 0 0 1 .418-1.234l1.889-.872 2.2-1.1a.896.896 0 0 1 1.21.415l.034.07a.897.897 0 0 1-.433 1.204l-2.082.96-2.014 1.001a.894.894 0 0 1-.399.094"/><path d="M36.107 27.287c-.427 1.607-1.275 3.51-2.094 5.35-.812 1.822-1.651 3.707-2.117 5.375-.396 1.415-.694 2.886-.983 4.31-.133.654-.27 1.33-.414 1.983-.111.508-.493.992-1.317 1.67a1.577 1.577 0 0 0-.552 1.132c-.006.435-.008 1.031-.009 1.687h-5.39c-.637 0-1.122.652-.823 1.324.138.312.46.503.801.503h5.414l.002.752.001.39h-5.624c-.637 0-1.121.652-.823 1.324.138.312.46.502.802.502h5.574c-.12.44-.369.765-.588.978-.475.462-1.15.73-1.79.709a83.288 83.288 0 0 0-2.375-.03c-.593 0-1.183.004-1.764.008-.635.004-1.269.011-1.905.007-1.42-.001-2.416-.897-2.422-2.178-.004-.619-.003-1.567-.003-2.557 0-1.03 0-2.083-.003-2.874h8.538c.597 0 1.052-.652.772-1.325a.815.815 0 0 0-.752-.502h-9.326l-.025.002c-.586-.357-.98-.89-1.09-1.491-.09-.493-.167-.942-.24-1.364-.31-1.799-.536-3.099-1.175-5.002-.348-1.034-.875-2.34-1.433-3.721-.63-1.558-1.313-3.252-1.827-4.776 2.396.086 8.742.303 11.784.303 3.78 0 10.345-.335 10.41-.338a.862.862 0 1 0-.088-1.722c-.065.004-6.587.336-10.322.336-3.316 0-10.625-.261-12.309-.323-.035-.139-.068-.275-.098-.408-.86-3.879-.078-7.685 2.263-11.006 1.362-1.932 4.52-5.173 10.37-5.173 5.95 0 9.458 3.98 10.391 5.2 2.39 3.124 3.442 7.624 2.559 10.945m-1.19-11.993c-1.055-1.378-5.02-5.875-11.76-5.875-6.628 0-10.225 3.698-11.779 5.903-2.628 3.729-3.505 8.007-2.536 12.373.456 2.056 1.56 4.789 2.534 7.2.548 1.357 1.066 2.639 1.397 3.624.598 1.778.813 3.023 1.111 4.747.073.425.152.88.242 1.377.196 1.079.864 2.024 1.853 2.638.006.802.006 2.043.005 3.245 0 .993 0 1.945.003 2.566.012 2.253 1.755 3.89 4.144 3.893.64 0 1.279-.003 1.918-.008 1.34-.008 2.725-.017 4.08.021.037.002.075.002.113.002 1.079 0 2.14-.433 2.927-1.197a3.828 3.828 0 0 0 1.184-2.76c0-.448-.002-1.035-.004-1.674-.004-1.4-.009-3.13.003-4.125.814-.678 1.588-1.463 1.83-2.57.147-.665.286-1.349.42-2.01.283-1.393.575-2.834.953-4.188.432-1.547 1.246-3.373 2.032-5.139.847-1.901 1.723-3.868 2.186-5.607 1.027-3.863-.12-8.86-2.856-12.436"/></svg></span> <div class="list__text"> Access our research expertise </div> </a> </div> </li><li class="list__item brick"> <div class="list__container"> <a class="list__link has-icon" href="/research/spotlights/" data-mh="site-header-brick"> <span class="icon icon--star icon--inline"><svg class="icon__svg" width="43" height="41" viewBox="0 0 43 41"><path d="M34.185 41a.984.984 0 0 1-.46-.113l-12.22-6.426-12.222 6.427a.987.987 0 0 1-1.43-1.04l2.333-13.61L.298 16.6a.985.985 0 0 1 .546-1.683l13.666-1.985L20.62.55A.985.985 0 0 1 21.5 0h.005c.373 0 .714.21.88.544l8.55 17.016a.986.986 0 1 1-1.764.885L21.514 3.2 16.05 14.27a.985.985 0 0 1-.743.54l-12.2 1.772 8.827 8.605a.984.984 0 0 1 .283.874l-2.083 12.15 10.912-5.736c.287-.15.63-.15.918 0l10.912 5.737-2.084-12.15a.987.987 0 0 1 .283-.873l8.872-8.647-8.088-1.38a.988.988 0 0 1-.72-.537l-2.532-5.16a.986.986 0 1 1 1.77-.87l2.31 4.708 9.5 1.62a.985.985 0 0 1 .523 1.68l-9.886 9.638 2.333 13.61A.986.986 0 0 1 34.185 41"/></svg></span> <div class="list__text"> Research spotlights </div> </a> </div> </li><li class="list__item brick"> <div class="list__container"> <a class="list__link has-icon" href="/research/experts/" data-mh="site-header-brick"> <span class="icon icon--person icon--inline"><svg class="icon__svg" width="48" height="47" viewBox="0 0 48 47"><path d="M46.403 47H.996A.996.996 0 0 1 0 46.004c0-13.068 10.63-23.7 23.7-23.7 5.6 0 10.156-4.555 10.156-10.156 0-5.6-4.556-10.156-10.157-10.156-5.6 0-10.158 4.556-10.158 10.156 0 1.76.457 3.492 1.32 5.012.522.855 1.568 2.24 2.212 2.562a.995.995 0 1 1-.89 1.78c-1.38-.69-2.773-2.897-3.038-3.332a12.183 12.183 0 0 1-1.595-6.022C11.55 5.45 17 0 23.7 0c6.697 0 12.147 5.45 12.147 12.148 0 6.7-5.45 12.15-12.148 12.15-11.637 0-21.164 9.2-21.686 20.71h43.37c-.35-7.786-4.798-14.742-11.786-18.33l-2.39-.988c-1.282.624-5.158 2.345-8.223 1.985a.995.995 0 0 1-.872-1.105.992.992 0 0 1 1.105-.873c2.524.298 6.257-1.33 7.482-1.98a.994.994 0 0 1 .848-.042l2.848 1.18c.025.01.05.02.072.033 7.976 4.075 12.93 12.166 12.93 21.116 0 .55-.445.996-.995.996"/></svg></span> <div class="list__text"> Our experts </div> </a> </div> </li><li class="list__item brick"> <div class="list__container"> <a class="list__link has-icon" href="/research/study/" data-mh="site-header-brick"> <span class="icon icon--brain icon--inline"><svg class="icon__svg" width="54" height="64" viewBox="0 0 54 64" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M42.84 58.498c.885-.08 1.304-.86.952-1.656-1.38-3.12-2.78-5.39-2.18-8.86.52-3.01 2.27-5.587 4.092-7.96 2.97-3.862 5.987-7.422 7.193-12.265 1.987-7.985-.793-16.665-6.962-22.092C38.415-.95 27.74-1.297 18.69 2.185c-4.24 1.63-8.538 3.962-11.24 7.73-2.42 3.374-3.11 7.496-3.576 11.53-.366 3.178.605 6.17-.205 9.353-.39 1.5-1.02 2.92-1.71 4.3-.558 1.1-1.71 2.396-1.93 3.604-.22 1.226.733 2.83 1.983 3.094.624.13 1.09-.005 1.52.032.994.085 1.467.32 2.544.055L4.69 40.82c0 1.338-.72 2.215-1.803 2.704-1.034.466-.468 2.05.555 2.05h.26l-1.06-1.393c-.43 2.65 1.547 3.6 3.93 3.75l-.554-2.05c-1.178.587-2.144.852-2.285 2.32a3.17 3.17 0 0 0 .41 1.904c.445.76 1.688.706 1.89 1.713.168.83 1.287 1.04 1.84.486l.262-.26-1.88-.78c.004 2.99-.117 6.068 3.41 6.686 4.476.784 10.245 1.032 14.165-1.56l-1.618-1.244c-.707 2.653-.943 4.84-.82 7.6.023.557.484 1.155 1.1 1.1 2.956-.25 5.913-.503 8.87-.755 1.402-.12 1.414-2.322 0-2.2l-8.87.756 1.1 1.1c-.113-2.578.086-4.55.744-7.014.236-.885-.794-1.786-1.618-1.242-3.297 2.18-7.07 1.602-10.794 1.412-1.083-.057-2.525.163-3.214-.84-.544-.79-.252-2.9-.252-3.798-.002-.95-1.205-1.453-1.88-.777l-.26.26 1.84.487c-.284-1.408-.875-1.36-1.74-2.29-.732-.795-.55-.534.71-1.165 1.045-.523.455-1.988-.555-2.05-.87.16-1.474-.16-1.807-.957.112-.694-.286-1.393-1.063-1.393h-.26l.555 2.05c1.95-.878 2.894-2.473 2.894-4.603 0-.73-.703-1.23-1.394-1.06-.4.1-1.558-.04-2.056-.3-1.06-.557-.828-.9-.215-2.042.91-1.69 1.78-3.436 2.35-5.28 1.264-4.083.11-8.17.702-12.32.552-3.904 1.66-7.61 4.54-10.452 3.552-3.522 8.84-5.6 13.67-6.592 8.87-1.825 18.25.698 23.43 8.495A20.105 20.105 0 0 1 47.61 34c-2.61 3.708-6.03 6.946-7.552 11.32-1.666 4.796-.137 8.178 1.834 12.633.318-.552.635-1.104.95-1.657l-14.477 1.336c-1.4.13-1.412 2.332 0 2.202l14.478-1.336z" fill-rule="nonzero"/><path d="M43.71 22.595c-.944-1.828-2.45-2.674-4.588-2.308.025-.253.02-.38.053-.495.608-2.105.537-4.153-.363-6.182-.24-.54-.316-1.203-.29-1.8.05-1.065.823-1.56 1.762-1.05 1.53.827 2.682 2.043 2.962 3.86.223 1.45-.332 2.738-.86 4.04a.91.91 0 0 0-.04.425c.088.165.302.23.51.256.007 0 .01 0 .017-.01a1.18 1.18 0 0 1 .247-.07.705.705 0 0 0 .206-.292c.037-.1.1-.16.174-.198.373-.86.675-1.76 1.02-2.68 1.58 1.756 1.156 5.476-.81 6.51M32.732 10.94c-.162.66-.23 1.343-.37 2.008-.435 2.053-2.262 3.078-4.326 2.404.036-.243.064-.495.11-.745.1-.537.57-1.266-.277-1.466-.87-.2-.66.71-.78 1.16-.63 2.45-1.795 4.46-4.296 5.408-.354.133-.853.325-1.11.18-1.06-.59-2.153-.33-3.244-.305-1.08.027-2.14.02-2.99-.856-.054-.057-.142-.083-.244-.095a.937.937 0 0 0-.544.177 3.142 3.142 0 0 0-.076.146c.01.223.025.44.14.574.855.983 2.02 1.222 3.265 1.203.78-.013 1.56-.086 2.338-.04.786.044 1.123.77.625 1.375-.293.358-.733.72-1.166.813a10.44 10.44 0 0 1-2.598.238c-2.73-.107-4.926-1.926-5.278-4.33-.18-1.228.114-2.333.968-3.3 1.88 1.962 3.83 2.19 6.134.85.274-.158.76-.233 1.017-.098 1.477.766 2.78.418 3.975-.548.433-.35 1.274-.757.704-1.434-.544-.645-.937.196-1.317.498-1.056.836-1.898.96-2.83.284.7-.806 1.425-1.584 2.07-2.424.095-.125.08-.337.054-.554v-.005c-.016-.123-.115-.223-.235-.295l-.096-.02-.067.015c-.246.075-.47.225-.69.367l-.02.02a.913.913 0 0 1-.135.176c-1.037 1.026-2.02 2.114-3.142 3.037-.925.76-2.084.88-3.23.45-1.178-.44-1.534-1.528-.865-2.59 1.087-1.72 2.66-2.81 4.573-3.435.25-.08.508-.126 1.005-.248-.296.444-.4.69-.58.855-.71.66-1.466 1.274-2.156 1.955-.086.084-.13.21-.165.344.004.016.014.03.02.046.02.103.027.21.03.312.012.007.023.016.035.02.07.037.11.1.134.17.154.04.307.07.446.038.265-.06.55-.238.733-.447a204.444 204.444 0 0 0 2.964-3.446c.31-.367.54-.823.9-1.126.87-.73 2.36-.83 3.206-.29.81.514.994 1.303.62 2.69-.01.045-.03.09-.05.135a3.34 3.34 0 0 0-.013.17c.07.22.13.53.28.59.18.07.54-.023.67-.176a1.73 1.73 0 0 0 .375-.88c.067-.652.454-.916 1.025-.95.837-.05 1.68-.008 2.513-.083a.867.867 0 0 0 .375-.15.573.573 0 0 1 .108-.09c.03-.02.096-.07.105-.107.007-.03.02-.05.03-.073 0-.1-.004-.204-.03-.3-.145-.18-.294-.35-.456-.366-.865-.08-1.772-.17-2.61.007-.913.194-1.39 0-1.61-1.024 2.857-1.044 5.624-.723 8.553.377-1.71 1.113-2.123 1.638-2.507 3.208m12.79 3.97a20.964 20.964 0 0 1-1.45-2.16c-1.3-2.224-3.25-3.65-5.58-4.645a6.986 6.986 0 0 1-1.42-.803c-1.63-1.21-3.524-1.596-5.45-1.864-1.977-.095-3.913-.098-5.73.833-.284.145-.69.13-1.025.08-1.587-.22-2.943.21-4.115 1.307-.24.224-.594.378-.92.446-3.39.702-5.935 2.49-7.478 5.643-.397.81-1.04 1.507-1.38 2.334-1.384 3.36.732 7.216 4.47 8.095 1.086.257 2.25.18 3.372.317.367.046.836.18 1.053.446 2.143 2.61 4.87 3.293 8.045 2.494.68-.17 1.045-.09 1.51.535a6.85 6.85 0 0 0 1.383 1.37l.096.06c.58.324 2.018.73 1.726-.29a.865.865 0 0 0-.157-.29c-.13-.078-.258-.157-.394-.226a4.425 4.425 0 0 1-1.033-.7c-.06-.04-.12-.076-.17-.114a.363.363 0 0 1-.14-.214 3.092 3.092 0 0 1-.61-1.137c.2-.107.382-.15.473-.265.1-.13.185-.267.27-.406l.01-.12c-.01-.046-.025-.09-.04-.135-.022-.035-.04-.07-.07-.1a2.37 2.37 0 0 1-.152-.167 2.172 2.172 0 0 0-.516-.07c-.24.006-.473.2-.72.28-1.015.317-2.015.76-3.058.906-2.276.323-4.573-.825-5.464-2.603.82-.56 1.445-1.255 1.477-2.35.004-.177.35-.425.584-.503 1.92-.635 3.318-1.883 4.26-3.637.26-.483.552-.576 1.07-.59.896-.02 1.79-.212 2.69-.287.36-.03.782-.04 1.09.112 1.024.51 1.464 1.407 1.657 2.464.04.124.086.247.13.37.035.027.07.05.11.073.18.046.38.044.5-.03.03-.018.052-.047.08-.068.086-.21.12-.484.137-.75-.18-.65-.395-1.293-.714-1.87-.31-.562-.92-.957-1.22-1.25.33-1.112.616-2.06.886-3.014.21-.747.324-1.53.615-2.243.33-.81 1.008-1.31 1.92-1.21.754.08 1.49.303 2.396.498-1.323 1.704-1.524 2.76-.787 4.56.61 1.49.85 2.99.56 4.57-.21 1.156-.653 2.215-1.74 2.796-2.698 1.44-5.443 1.625-8.19.12-.42-.233-.758-.627-1.187-.84a1.012 1.012 0 0 0-.23-.075c-.04-.004-.078-.003-.116-.004a.87.87 0 0 0-.517.536c.04.14.094.277.176.39.25.346.633.597 1.224 1.127-1.113.408-2.01.71-2.878 1.072a1.33 1.33 0 0 0-.21.112.963.963 0 0 0-.23.273c-.095.18-.03.36.06.52.218.124.427.222.584.17 1.056-.367 2.05-.9 3.08-1.34.346-.144.78-.342 1.095-.25 2.83.85 5.5.536 8.08-.9a9.05 9.05 0 0 1 2.243-.9c1.216-.29 2.305.293 2.936 1.41.562 1 .463 2.08-.27 2.89-1.03 1.14-4.72 2.07-6.115 1.478-.335-.143-.728-.542-.77-.864-.04-.327.24-.813.528-1.03.37-.28.875-.435 1.344-.508.7-.11 1.426-.06 2.128-.166.155-.02.297-.134.437-.26 0-.26-.01-.526-.144-.713a.36.36 0 0 0-.2-.104c-1.435-.11-2.86-.04-4.142.746-.765.47-1.268 1.09-1.157 2.065.11.985.68 1.67 1.573 1.9.75.195.99.53.976 1.255-.01.478.13.96.216 1.44.14.78.29 1.56.434 2.34-.074.04-.152.078-.23.116-.242-.27-.51-.517-.722-.81a22.12 22.12 0 0 0-.96-1.235c-.323-.237-.7-.434-1.074-.426-.238.006-.377.145-.46.337-.013.1-.014.2-.012.3.063.06.1.13.104.207.36.387.704.79 1.03 1.22.354.462.7.94 1.115 1.344.52.505 1.248.654 1.774.184.397-.353.74-1.03.715-1.54-.058-1.126-.34-2.243-.578-3.352-.16-.75.11-.976.847-1.155 1.24-.3 2.49-.697 3.62-1.277.603-.31 1.223-1.025 1.383-1.67.268-1.077.92-1.76 1.59-2.546 1.838-2.15 1.8-5.786.056-8.065"/></svg></span> <div class="list__text"> Study with us </div> </a> </div> </li><li class="list__item brick"> <div class="list__container"> <a class="list__link has-icon" href="/research/work-for-us/" data-mh="site-header-brick"> <span class="icon icon--lab-flask icon--inline"><svg class="icon__svg" width="51" height="50" viewBox="0 0 51 50"><path d="M2.298 49.186c-.964 0-1.51-.342-1.8-.63-.675-.676-.662-1.734.03-2.713l14.89-28.726c.01-.014.016-.027.023-.04.57-.976 2.11-2.6 3.894-1.752.66.313 1.13.826 1.36 1.48.458 1.323-.228 2.774-.308 2.936L17.53 25.72 8.744 42.844H41.54L34.79 30.1H18.94a.973.973 0 0 1 0-1.948h16.44c.36 0 .69.2.86.52l7.777 14.69a.973.973 0 0 1-.86 1.43H7.15a.975.975 0 0 1-.865-1.418l9.5-18.52 2.85-5.963c.14-.29.37-1.012.217-1.447-.04-.114-.113-.245-.353-.36-.553-.26-1.287.837-1.37.963L2.222 46.802a1 1 0 0 1-.082.13 1.31 1.31 0 0 0-.162.278c.07.015.178.03.323.03h.004l46.13-.012c.153 0 .263-.018.336-.036a1.427 1.427 0 0 0-.17-.3 1.02 1.02 0 0 1-.058-.09l-18.27-32.9a.975.975 0 0 1-.123-.46c0-.064-.094-6.614-.094-9.328 0-2.208 1.21-3.897 2.942-4.107a.975.975 0 0 1 .233 1.932c-.7.083-1.23 1.02-1.23 2.173 0 2.402.074 7.84.09 9.057l18.13 32.64c.343.5.525 1.015.525 1.495 0 .926-.713 1.863-2.307 1.87l-46.134.01h-.006z"/><path d="M25.215 9.156a1.797 1.797 0 1 0 1.797 1.796c0-.99-.805-1.796-1.796-1.796m0 5.538a3.745 3.745 0 0 1-3.74-3.742 3.746 3.746 0 0 1 3.74-3.742 3.747 3.747 0 0 1 3.744 3.742 3.747 3.747 0 0 1-3.745 3.742M21.128 2.018c-.81 0-1.47.66-1.47 1.472a1.47 1.47 0 1 0 1.47-1.472m0 4.89A3.42 3.42 0 0 1 17.71 3.49 3.422 3.422 0 0 1 21.128.072a3.422 3.422 0 0 1 3.418 3.418 3.42 3.42 0 0 1-3.418 3.417m4.302 12.347c-.777 0-1.426.608-1.478 1.385a1.486 1.486 0 0 0 1.383 1.576 1.477 1.477 0 0 0 1.58-1.382 1.486 1.486 0 0 0-1.484-1.58m.007 4.912a3.435 3.435 0 0 1-3.426-3.656 3.432 3.432 0 1 1 6.848.452 3.44 3.44 0 0 1-3.42 3.204"/></svg></span> <div class="list__text"> Work for us </div> </a> </div> </li><li class="list__item brick brick--external"> <div class="list__container"> <a class="list__link has-icon" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/news-events/news/categories/research/" data-mh="site-header-brick"> <span class="icon icon--embed icon--speech-bubble-1"><svg class="icon__svg" width="52" height="46" viewBox="0 0 52 46" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M50.972 3.022c-.57 0-1.03.46-1.03 1.028v26.932c0 .93-.728 1.677-1.332 1.677H13.528c-.496.006-1.08-.096-1.66.59-2.032 2.388-3.8 4.34-5.86 6.703.492-2 1.025-3.992 1.477-6.002.165-.735-.212-1.25-1.794-1.29H3.143c-.513 0-1.085-.69-1.085-1.678V3.732c0-.987.572-1.675 1.085-1.675h42.114c.513 0 1.085.688 1.085 1.676v3.18a1.028 1.028 0 0 0 2.058 0v-3.18c0-2.058-1.41-3.733-3.142-3.733H3.142C1.41 0 0 1.675 0 3.733v27.25c0 2.057 1.41 3.732 3.142 3.732h1.744L2.592 44.04c-.265 1.077 1.15 2.064 1.956 1.14l9.13-10.465H48.61c1.805 0 3.39-1.744 3.39-3.733V4.05c0-.568-.46-1.028-1.028-1.028"/></svg></span> <div class="list__text"> News </div> </a> </div> </li><li class="list__item brick brick--external brick--subtle"> <div class="list__container"> <a class="list__link" href="https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/" data-mh="site-header-brick"> <div class="list__text"> Research repository </div> </a> </div> </li><li class="list__item brick brick--subtle"> <div class="list__container"> <a class="list__link" href="/research/research-integrity/" data-mh="site-header-brick"> <div class="list__text"> Research integrity </div> </a> </div> </li><li class="list__item brick brick--external brick--subtle"> <div class="list__container"> <a class="list__link" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/internal/research-enterprise-support/" data-mh="site-header-brick"> <div class="list__text"> Staff/researcher support </div> </a> </div> </li> </ul> </nav>  </div> </div> </div> </header> <main class="site-main">  <div class="banner"> <div class="banner__image-wrapper"> <div class="banner__image banner__image--centre" style="background-image: url(/media/media/research/newwebsite/banners/d4149-02-banner.jpg);"></div> </div> </div>  <div class="content" id="content"> <div class="main-content"> <div class="container"><div class="content-type content-type--intro"> <div class="content-type__container"> <div class="intro has-heading"> <div class="intro__content"> <h1 class="intro__heading">Internationally recognised research</h1> <p class="intro__text">Our most enduring and established research areas, through which we achieve impact and influence. Guided by a senior academic, each research strength supports a vibrant community of researchers at all career stages.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cards cards--center"> <div class="container"> <div class="cards"><div class="card card--subtle width width--33 has-image has-text"> <div class="card__container"> <a class="card__link" href="/research/internationally-recognised/built-environment/"> <div class="card__image-wrapper responsive-ratio responsive-ratio--16by9"> <img class="card__image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-src="/media/media/research/newwebsite/cards/built-environment-card.jpg" alt="Urban landscape"> </div> <div class="card__content"> <h3 class="card__heading"> Built environment </h3> <p class="card__text">Delivering zero-carbon, safe and resilient buildings and cities and infrastructure in a complex world. <strong>Rated world-leading in 2021 Research Excellence Framework.</strong></p> <span class="icon icon--embed icon--small icon--ui-arrow-right"> <svg class="icon__svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M15.954 7.83c.005-.01.013-.016.017-.025a.33.33 0 0 0 0-.268c0-.01-.01-.016-.013-.026a.302.302 0 0 0-.062-.08l-.005-.01L7.552.09a.333.333 0 1 0-.44.5l7.67 6.75H.332a.333.333 0 0 0 0 .667h14.45l-7.67 6.75a.332.332 0 0 0 .22.583.33.33 0 0 0 .22-.083l8.335-7.333c.002 0 .003-.005.005-.007a.348.348 0 0 0 .062-.083z"/></svg> </span> </div> </a> </div> </div><div class="card card--subtle width width--33 has-image has-text"> <div class="card__container"> <a class="card__link" href="/research/internationally-recognised/communication-culture/"> <div class="card__image-wrapper responsive-ratio responsive-ratio--16by9"> <img class="card__image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-src="/media/media/research/newwebsite/cards/adobe-stock_69060974_card.jpg" alt="Hands with images and icons related to communication and culture"> </div> <div class="card__content"> <h3 class="card__heading"> Communication and culture </h3> <p class="card__text">Top 50 QS World University Ranking (Communication and Media) since 2016. <strong>Rated world-leading in 2021 Research Excellence Framework.</strong></p> <span class="icon icon--embed icon--small icon--ui-arrow-right"> <svg class="icon__svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M15.954 7.83c.005-.01.013-.016.017-.025a.33.33 0 0 0 0-.268c0-.01-.01-.016-.013-.026a.302.302 0 0 0-.062-.08l-.005-.01L7.552.09a.333.333 0 1 0-.44.5l7.67 6.75H.332a.333.333 0 0 0 0 .667h14.45l-7.67 6.75a.332.332 0 0 0 .22.583.33.33 0 0 0 .22-.083l8.335-7.333c.002 0 .003-.005.005-.007a.348.348 0 0 0 .062-.083z"/></svg> </span> </div> </a> </div> </div><div class="card card--subtle width width--33 has-image has-text"> <div class="card__container"> <a class="card__link" href="/research/internationally-recognised/sport-exercise/"> <div class="card__image-wrapper responsive-ratio responsive-ratio--16by9"> <img class="card__image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-src="/media/media/research/beacons/sportandexercise/cards/prp5757_card.jpg" alt="Sport and exercise"> </div> <div class="card__content"> <h3 class="card__heading"> Sport and exercise </h3> <p class="card__text">Number 1 QS World University Ranking for sports-related subjects since 2017. <strong>Rated world-leading in 2021 Research Excellence Framework.</strong></p> <span class="icon icon--embed icon--small icon--ui-arrow-right"> <svg class="icon__svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M15.954 7.83c.005-.01.013-.016.017-.025a.33.33 0 0 0 0-.268c0-.01-.01-.016-.013-.026a.302.302 0 0 0-.062-.08l-.005-.01L7.552.09a.333.333 0 1 0-.44.5l7.67 6.75H.332a.333.333 0 0 0 0 .667h14.45l-7.67 6.75a.332.332 0 0 0 .22.583.33.33 0 0 0 .22-.083l8.335-7.333c.002 0 .003-.005.005-.007a.348.348 0 0 0 .062-.083z"/></svg> </span> </div> </a> </div> </div><div class="card card--subtle width width--33 has-image has-text"> <div class="card__container"> <a class="card__link" href="/research/internationally-recognised/high-value-manufacturing/"> <div class="card__image-wrapper responsive-ratio responsive-ratio--16by9"> <img class="card__image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-src="/media/media/research/newwebsite/cards/d5034-22_card.jpg" alt="Systems Engineering Students working in the Advanced VR Research Centre"> </div> <div class="card__content"> <h3 class="card__heading"> High value manufacturing </h3> <p class="card__text">Leading research into major cross-sector challenges, including Smart Manufacturing and Circular Economy.</p> <span class="icon icon--embed icon--small icon--ui-arrow-right"> <svg class="icon__svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M15.954 7.83c.005-.01.013-.016.017-.025a.33.33 0 0 0 0-.268c0-.01-.01-.016-.013-.026a.302.302 0 0 0-.062-.08l-.005-.01L7.552.09a.333.333 0 1 0-.44.5l7.67 6.75H.332a.333.333 0 0 0 0 .667h14.45l-7.67 6.75a.332.332 0 0 0 .22.583.33.33 0 0 0 .22-.083l8.335-7.333c.002 0 .003-.005.005-.007a.348.348 0 0 0 .062-.083z"/></svg> </span> </div> </a> </div> </div><div class="card card--subtle width width--33 has-image has-text"> <div class="card__container"> <a class="card__link" href="/research/internationally-recognised/transport-technologies/"> <div class="card__image-wrapper responsive-ratio responsive-ratio--16by9"> <img class="card__image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-src="/media/media/research/newwebsite/cards/adobe-stock_173266705_card.jpg" alt="Futuristic transport logistics and artificial intelligence concept"> </div> <div class="card__content"> <h3 class="card__heading"> Transport technologies </h3> <p class="card__text">Multi-disciplinary research providing sustainable transport systems that are efficient, safe and accessible.</p> <span class="icon icon--embed icon--small icon--ui-arrow-right"> <svg class="icon__svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M15.954 7.83c.005-.01.013-.016.017-.025a.33.33 0 0 0 0-.268c0-.01-.01-.016-.013-.026a.302.302 0 0 0-.062-.08l-.005-.01L7.552.09a.333.333 0 1 0-.44.5l7.67 6.75H.332a.333.333 0 0 0 0 .667h14.45l-7.67 6.75a.332.332 0 0 0 .22.583.33.33 0 0 0 .22-.083l8.335-7.333c.002 0 .003-.005.005-.007a.348.348 0 0 0 .062-.083z"/></svg> </span> </div> </a> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer class="footer">      <div class="global-footer"> <div class="container"> <div class="footer__links"> <div class="footer__column"> <div class="footer__toggle active"> <button class="toggle__button button footer__toggle-button" type="button" aria-expanded="true"> <span class="toggle__button-container footer__heading">Study</span> </button> <div class="toggle__content footer__toggle-content"> <div class="toggle__content-container"> <h3 class="footer__heading footer__toggle-content-heading">Study</h3> <ul class="list"> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link footer__link" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/study/undergraduate/">Undergraduate study</a> </li> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link footer__link" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/study/postgraduate/">Postgraduate study</a> </li> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link footer__link" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/study/postgraduate/research-degrees/">Research degrees</a> </li> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link footer__link" href="https://www.lborolondon.ac.uk/">London campus</a> </li> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link footer__link" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/study/order-prospectus/">Order prospectus</a> </li> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link footer__link" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/study/undergraduate/open-days/">Open days</a> </li> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link footer__link" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/study/undergraduate/apply/">How to apply</a> </li> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link footer__link" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/study/apply/supporting/admissionspolicy/">Admission policies and procedures</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer__toggle active"> <button class="toggle__button button footer__toggle-button" type="button" aria-expanded="true"> <span class="toggle__button-container footer__heading">Using our site / legal</span> </button> <div class="toggle__content footer__toggle-content"> <div class="toggle__content-container"> <h3 class="footer__heading footer__toggle-content-heading">Using our site / legal</h3> <ul class="list"> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link footer__link" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/accessibility/">Accessibility</a> </li> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link footer__link" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/privacy/">Privacy and cookies</a> </li> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link footer__link" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/disclaimer/">Legal information</a> </li> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link footer__link" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/about/ethical-principles/">Ethical principles</a> </li> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link footer__link" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/modern-slavery-statement/">Modern slavery statement</a> </li> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link footer__link" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/data-privacy/foi/">Freedom of information</a> </li> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link footer__link" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/services/legal-services/expression/">Freedom of expression</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer__column"> <div class="footer__toggle active"> <button class="toggle__button button footer__toggle-button" type="button" aria-expanded="true"> <span class="toggle__button-container footer__heading">Explore</span> </button> <div class="toggle__content footer__toggle-content"> <div class="toggle__content-container"> <h3 class="footer__heading footer__toggle-content-heading">Explore</h3> <ul class="list"> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link footer__link" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/strategy">Our Strategy</a> </li> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link footer__link" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/services/hr/jobs/">Working for us</a> </li> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link footer__link" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/international/">International</a> </li> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link footer__link" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/">Schools and departments</a> </li> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link footer__link" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/service/">Professional services</a> </li> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link footer__link" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/library/">Library</a> </li> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link footer__link" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/governance/">University Governance</a> </li> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link footer__link" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/alumni/giving/">Giving to Loughborough</a> </li> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link footer__link" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/media-centre/">Media Centre</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer__toggle active"> <button class="toggle__button button footer__toggle-button" type="button" aria-expanded="true"> <span class="toggle__button-container footer__heading">Students and staff</span> </button> <div class="toggle__content footer__toggle-content"> <div class="toggle__content-container"> <h3 class="footer__heading footer__toggle-content-heading">Students and staff</h3> <ul class="list"> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link footer__link" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/internal/">Current students and staff</a> </li> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link footer__link" href="https://learn.lboro.ac.uk/">LEARN</a> </li> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link footer__link" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/students/handbook/money/">Fees, Funding and Money</a> </li> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link footer__link" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/services/finance/students/pay-fees/">Pay your fees</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer__column footer__column--locations"> <div class="footer__toggle active"> <button class="toggle__button button footer__toggle-button" type="button" aria-expanded="true"> <span class="toggle__button-container footer__heading">Locations</span> </button> <div class="toggle__content footer__toggle-content"> <div class="toggle__content-container"> <h3 class="footer__heading footer__toggle-content-heading">Locations</h3> <div class="footer__location footer__location--lboro"> <a class="footer__logo" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/"> <span class="visually-hidden">Loughborough University</span> </a> <ul class="list"> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link footer__link" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/about/find-us/"> <span class="icon icon--footer-marker"></span> Find us </a> </li> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link footer__link" href="https://maps.lboro.ac.uk/"> <span class="icon icon--footer-map"></span> Campus map </a> </li> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link footer__link" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/contact/"> <span class="icon icon--footer-phone"></span> Contact us </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer__location footer__location--london"> <a class="footer__logo footer__logo--london" href="https://www.lborolondon.ac.uk/"> <span class="visually-hidden">Loughborough University London</span> </a> <ul class="list"> <li class="list__item"> <a class="footer__link" href="https://www.lborolondon.ac.uk/about/location/find-us/"> <span class="icon icon--footer-marker"></span> Find us </a> </li> <li class="list__item"> <a class="list__link footer__link" href="https://www.lborolondon.ac.uk/#footer"> <span class="icon icon--footer-phone"></span> Contact us </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer__column footer__column--map"> <div class="footer__map icon icon--footer-uk"> <span class="footer__marker footer__marker--lboro icon icon--footer-marker-filled-purple"></span> <span class="footer__marker footer__marker--london icon icon--footer-marker-filled-pink"></span> </div> </div> <div class="footer__social"> <a class="footer__social-link" href="https://www.facebook.com/lborouniversity"> <span class="icon icon--embed icon--social icon--social-facebook-corporate"> <svg class="icon__svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M30.56 0H1.44A1.44 1.44 0 0 0 0 1.44v29.12C0 31.355.645 32 1.44 32h15.627V19.637H12.89v-4.792h4.177V10.82s-.115-5.043 4.946-5.924c0 0 1.533-.21 5.04.076V9.4l-2.7-.018s-2.3-.206-2.3 2.24c0 2.09.017 3.184.017 3.184h4.812l-.633 4.83-4.18.02V32h8.49A1.44 1.44 0 0 0 32 30.56V1.44A1.44 1.44 0 0 0 30.56 0" fill="#fff" fill-rule="evenodd"/></svg> </span> <span class="visually-hidden">Facebook</span> </a> <a class="footer__social-link" href="https://twitter.com/lborouniversity"> <span class="icon icon--embed icon--social icon--social-twitter-corporate"> <svg class="icon__svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill="#FFF" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M32 30.564V1.434S32 0 30.566 0H1.436S0 0 0 1.434v29.13S0 32 1.436 32h29.13S32 32 32 30.563m-16.522-13.27-.804-1.176L8.28 6.759h2.753l5.161 7.552.804 1.176 6.709 9.817h-2.754l-5.474-8.01v-.001Zm2.455-2.92 7.564-8.994h-1.792l-6.568 7.81-5.246-7.81h-6.05l7.932 11.81-7.932 9.432h1.792l6.936-8.247 5.54 8.247h6.05l-8.226-12.247Z"/></svg> </span> <span class="visually-hidden">X</span> </a> <a class="footer__social-link" href="https://www.instagram.com/lborouniversity/"> <span class="icon icon--embed icon--social icon--social-instagram-corporate"> <svg class="icon__svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M32 30.566V1.434S32 0 30.567 0H1.437S0 0 0 1.434v29.132S0 32 1.436 32h29.13S32 32 32 30.566M27.46 15.88c0 3.11-.015 3.5-.07 4.724-.057 1.22-.25 2.052-.532 2.78a5.647 5.647 0 0 1-1.322 2.03 5.62 5.62 0 0 1-2.03 1.322c-.73.284-1.562.477-2.782.532-1.222.057-1.612.07-4.724.07-3.11 0-3.5-.013-4.724-.07-1.22-.055-2.053-.248-2.78-.532a5.618 5.618 0 0 1-2.03-1.322 5.598 5.598 0 0 1-1.322-2.03c-.284-.728-.477-1.56-.533-2.78-.052-1.223-.064-1.613-.064-4.724 0-3.113.012-3.503.068-4.725.057-1.22.25-2.052.534-2.78a5.6 5.6 0 0 1 1.322-2.03A5.616 5.616 0 0 1 8.5 5.022c.726-.283 1.56-.477 2.78-.532 1.22-.055 1.61-.07 4.72-.07 3.112 0 3.502.015 4.724.07 1.22.055 2.053.25 2.782.532a5.62 5.62 0 0 1 2.03 1.322 5.65 5.65 0 0 1 1.322 2.03c.282.73.475 1.562.53 2.78.057 1.223.07 1.613.07 4.726m-2.13 4.63c.054-1.21.066-1.57.066-4.63 0-3.06-.012-3.423-.067-4.63-.05-1.118-.238-1.724-.394-2.13a3.54 3.54 0 0 0-.857-1.315 3.55 3.55 0 0 0-1.318-.858c-.404-.157-1.01-.343-2.128-.395-1.207-.055-1.57-.066-4.63-.066-3.058 0-3.42.01-4.63.066-1.117.052-1.724.238-2.127.395a3.535 3.535 0 0 0-1.318.858c-.4.4-.65.783-.856 1.316-.16.41-.348 1.015-.4 2.13-.054 1.21-.066 1.57-.066 4.63 0 3.06.012 3.42.066 4.63.053 1.12.24 1.727.397 2.13.206.535.455.917.855 1.318.4.4.782.65 1.318.857.404.158 1.01.344 2.128.394 1.21.054 1.57.067 4.63.067 3.06 0 3.423-.013 4.63-.068 1.117-.05 1.724-.237 2.128-.395a3.563 3.563 0 0 0 1.318-.857c.4-.4.65-.783.857-1.318.16-.404.346-1.01.397-2.128m-3.443-4.63A5.883 5.883 0 0 1 16 21.764a5.885 5.885 0 1 1 5.884-5.883m1.607-6.114a1.375 1.375 0 1 1-2.75-.002 1.375 1.375 0 0 1 2.75.002m-3.67 6.116a3.82 3.82 0 1 0-7.64 0 3.82 3.82 0 0 0 7.64 0" fill="#fff" fill-rule="evenodd"/></svg> </span> <span class="visually-hidden">Instagram</span> </a> <a class="footer__social-link" href="https://www.tiktok.com/@lborouniversity"> <span class="icon icon--embed icon--social icon--social-tiktok-corporate"> <svg class="icon__svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 0v32h32V0H0Zm25.031 13.944a8.94 8.94 0 0 1-5.484-1.864l.018 7.905a6.622 6.622 0 0 1-1.986 4.713 6.76 6.76 0 0 1-3.776 1.888c-.335.05-.676.075-1.02.075a6.783 6.783 0 0 1-4.796-1.963 6.626 6.626 0 0 1-1.974-5.163 6.635 6.635 0 0 1 1.674-4.002 6.782 6.782 0 0 1 5.096-2.28c.344 0 .685.026 1.02.076v3.591a3.204 3.204 0 0 0-4.217 3.086 3.201 3.201 0 0 0 1.564 2.697c.434.26.932.42 1.465.45.417.022.817-.036 1.188-.158a3.201 3.201 0 0 0 2.199-3.037l.004-5.294V5h3.537a5.47 5.47 0 0 0 2.18 4.322 5.458 5.458 0 0 0 3.298 1.102l.01-.001v3.521Z" fill="#FFF" fill-rule="nonzero"/></svg> </span> <span class="visually-hidden">TikTok</span> </a> <a class="footer__social-link" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/lborouniversity"> <span class="icon icon--embed icon--social icon--social-youtube-corporate"> <svg class="icon__svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M32 30.565V1.435S32 0 30.566 0H1.436S0 0 0 1.434v29.13S0 32 1.436 32h29.13S32 32 32 30.567zm-4.202-13.697c0 1.86-.23 3.72-.23 3.72s-.224 1.585-.914 2.28c-.873.918-1.853.922-2.303.976-3.212.232-8.043.24-8.043.24s-5.977-.055-7.817-.23c-.51-.097-1.66-.068-2.535-.985-.69-.7-.913-2.285-.913-2.285s-.23-1.86-.23-3.72V15.12c0-1.86.23-3.72.23-3.72s.225-1.584.914-2.282c.874-.916 1.854-.92 2.303-.974 3.215-.232 8.04-.232 8.04-.232h.01s4.826 0 8.04.232c.45.054 1.43.058 2.305.974.69.7.914 2.284.914 2.284s.23 1.86.23 3.72v1.745zm-7.657-1.106l-.01-.005.01-.005-6.21-3.23v6.46l6.21-3.22z" fill="#fff" fill-rule="evenodd"/></svg> </span> <span class="visually-hidden">YouTube</span> </a> <a class="footer__social-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/school/loughborough-university/"> <span class="icon icon--embed icon--social icon--social-linkedin-corporate"> <svg class="icon__svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M32 30.565V1.435S32 0 30.566 0H1.434S0 0 0 1.434v29.13S0 32 1.434 32h29.132S32 32 32 30.564zm-26.31-4.18h4.34V12.293H5.69v14.092zm4.687-18.558c0 1.402-1.13 2.54-2.517 2.54-1.39 0-2.518-1.138-2.518-2.54a2.53 2.53 0 0 1 2.518-2.54c1.388 0 2.517 1.14 2.517 2.54zm15.915 18.557h-4.338V19.53c0-1.632-.03-3.735-2.256-3.735-2.26 0-2.606 1.78-2.606 3.618v6.97h-4.34v-14.09h4.166v1.926h.058c.58-1.11 1.997-2.28 4.108-2.28 4.397 0 5.208 2.92 5.208 6.71v7.73z" fill="#fff" fill-rule="evenodd"/></svg> </span> <span class="visually-hidden">LinkedIn</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer__legal"> <div class="container"> <a class="footer__top footer__link" href="#header">Back to top</a> <div class="footer__copyright"> <span class="footer__copyright-year">Copyright 漏 2024 Loughborough University.</span> <span class="footer__copyright-rights">All rights reserved.</span> </div> </div> </div> </footer>  <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.5.1.min.js"></script> <script>window.jQuery || document.write('<script src="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/web-assets/shared/js/jquery-3.5.1.min.js"><\/script>')</script>  <script src="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/web-assets/prod/fountain/dist/fountain.js?v=20241107"></script> <script src="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/web-assets/prod/research-innovation/dist/research-innovation.js?v=20230217"></script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Internationally recognised research | Research and Innovation | Loughborough University