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mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a 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cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%88%98%E5%90%91" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%88%98%E5%90%91" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-生平" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生平"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>生平</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-生平-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-後代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#後代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>後代</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-後代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-評價" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#評價"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>評價</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-評價-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-進諫" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#進諫"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>進諫</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-進諫-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关參考文獻子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-书籍" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#书籍"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>书籍</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-书籍-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">刘向</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。25种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC_(%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%B1%D8%AE_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="ليو شيانج (مؤرخ من ويستيرن هان) – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ليو شيانج (مؤرخ من ويستيرن هان)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Xiang_(erudit)" title="Liu Xiang (erudit) – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Liu Xiang (erudit)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF_(%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7)" title="لیو سیانگ (زانا) – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لیو سیانگ (زانا)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Xiang_(Autor)" title="Liu Xiang (Autor) – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Liu Xiang (Autor)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Xiang_(scholar)" title="Liu Xiang (scholar) – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Liu Xiang (scholar)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Xiang_(lettr%C3%A9)" title="Liu Xiang (lettré) – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Liu Xiang (lettré)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Xiang" title="Liu Xiang – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Liu Xiang" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Xiang_(literati)" title="Liu Xiang (literati) – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Liu Xiang (literati)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Hsziang_(tud%C3%B3s)" title="Liu Hsziang (tudós) – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Liu Hsziang (tudós)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Xiang_(autore)" title="Liu Xiang (autore) – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Liu Xiang (autore)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E5%90%91" title="劉向 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="劉向" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%ED%96%A5_(%EC%A0%84%ED%95%9C)" title="유향 (전한) – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유향 (전한)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Xiang_(wetenschapper)" title="Liu Xiang (wetenschapper) – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Liu Xiang (wetenschapper)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Xiang_(forfatter)" title="Liu Xiang (forfatter) – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Liu Xiang (forfatter)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Xiang_(uczony)" title="Liu Xiang (uczony) – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Liu Xiang (uczony)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Xiang_(erudito)" title="Liu Xiang (erudito) – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Liu Xiang (erudito)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E_%D0%A1%D1%8F%D0%BD_(%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Лю Сян (историк) – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лю Сян (историк)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Xiang_(u%C4%8Denjak)" title="Liu Xiang (učenjak) – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Liu Xiang (učenjak)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Xiang_(bilgin)" title="Liu Xiang (bilgin) – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Liu Xiang (bilgin)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E_%D0%A1%D1%8F%D0%BD_(%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Лю Сян (історик) – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лю Сян (історик)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyu_Szyan_(olim)" title="Lyu Szyan (olim) – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Lyu Szyan (olim)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C6%B0u_H%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bng" title="Lưu Hướng – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lưu Hướng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%98%E5%90%91" title="刘向 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="刘向" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E5%90%91" title="劉向 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="劉向" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E5%90%91" title="劉向 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="劉向" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q465282#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E5%90%91" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%88%98%E5%90%91" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E5%88%98%E5%90%91" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E5%88%98%E5%90%91" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E5%88%98%E5%90%91" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E5%88%98%E5%90%91" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E5%88%98%E5%90%91" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E5%88%98%E5%90%91" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E5%90%91"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%98%E5%90%91&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%98%E5%90%91&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E5%90%91"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%98%E5%90%91&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%98%E5%90%91&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E5%88%98%E5%90%91" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E5%88%98%E5%90%91" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project:上传" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%98%E5%90%91&oldid=84507106" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%98%E5%90%91&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E5%88%98%E5%90%91&id=84507106&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%2588%2598%25E5%2590%2591"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%2588%2598%25E5%2590%2591"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E5%88%98%E5%90%91&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Liu_Xiang_(scholar)" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E5%90%91" hreflang="zh"><span>维基语录</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikisource mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:%E5%8A%89%E5%90%91" hreflang="zh"><span>维基文库</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q465282" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">（重定向自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%89%E5%90%91&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="劉向">劉向</a>）</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #FFFFDD">劉向</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#CDDBE8"><b>前任：</b><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E4%B8%81" class="mw-disambig" title="刘丁">劉丁</a><br /><b>繼任：</b><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E4%B8%B4" class="mw-disambig" title="刘临">劉臨</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Liu_Xiang_(Han_scholar).PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="刘向"><img alt="刘向" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Liu_Xiang_%28Han_scholar%29.PNG/210px-Liu_Xiang_%28Han_scholar%29.PNG" decoding="async" width="210" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Liu_Xiang_%28Han_scholar%29.PNG/315px-Liu_Xiang_%28Han_scholar%29.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Liu_Xiang_%28Han_scholar%29.PNG/420px-Liu_Xiang_%28Han_scholar%29.PNG 2x" data-file-width="608" data-file-height="915" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#CDDBE8;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%9C%9D" title="汉朝">漢</a> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9E%92%E6%A0%A1%E5%B0%89" class="mw-redirect" title="中垒校尉">中壘校尉</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">國家</th><td class="infobox-data country-name" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%9C%9D" title="汉朝">漢</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">時代</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%9C%9D" title="汉朝">漢</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">主君</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="漢宣帝">漢宣帝</a>→<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%85%83%E5%B8%9D" title="汉元帝">汉元帝</a>→<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%88%90%E5%B8%9D" title="汉成帝">汉成帝</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">姓</th><td class="infobox-data family-name" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E5%A7%93" class="mw-redirect" title="劉姓">劉</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">名</th><td class="infobox-data given-name" style="">向</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">姓名</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">劉向</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E5%AD%97" title="表字">字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">子政</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">封爵</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">陽成侯</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">出生</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">前77年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">逝世</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">前6年</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84560819">.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border:0;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1}</style><table class="infobox bordered mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: none;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #CFCFCF; text-align: center">親屬<span id="mw-collapsible-toggle-placeholder"></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B6%E8%A6%AA" title="父親">父親</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E5%BE%B7_(%E9%99%BD%E5%9F%8E%E4%BE%AF)" title="劉德 (陽城侯)">劉德</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%84%E5%BC%9F" title="兄弟">兄弟</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E5%AE%89%E6%B0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="劉安民">劉安民</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%92%E5%AD%90" title="兒子">子</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E4%BC%8B" title="刘伋">劉伋</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%98%E8%B5%90_(%E4%B9%9D%E5%8D%BF%E4%B8%9E)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="刘赐 (九卿丞)（页面不存在）">劉賜</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E6%AD%86" class="mw-redirect" title="劉歆">劉歆</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082" /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082" /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header collapsible collapsed" style="background: #CFCFCF;">著作</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li>文集： <ul><li>《刘中垒集》</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082" /></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>劉向</b>（前77年—前6年），<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E5%AD%97" title="表字">字</a><b>子政</b>，原名<b>更生</b>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%BC%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="西漢">西漢</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E5%AE%A4" title="宗室">宗室</a>。著有《<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A5%E9%8C%84" title="別錄">別錄</a>》《<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%BA%8F" title="新序">新序</a>》《<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%B4%E8%8B%91" title="说苑">说苑</a>》《<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%A5%B3%E4%BC%A0" title="列女传">列女传</a>》《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E7%AF%84%E4%BA%94%E8%A1%8C%E5%82%B3%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="洪範五行傳論（页面不存在）">洪範五行傳論</a>》《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%94%E7%B4%80%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="五紀論（页面不存在）">五紀論</a>》等書，並且編訂了《<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E5%9C%8B%E7%AD%96" title="戰國策">戰國策</a>》《<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E8%BE%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="楚辭">楚辭</a>》《<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%80%E5%AD%90" title="荀子">孫卿新書</a>》。劉向曾官中壘<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%A1%E5%B0%89" title="校尉">校尉</a>，故世称<b>劉中壘</b>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="明">明</a>人<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E6%BA%A5" title="張溥">张溥</a>辑有《刘中垒集》，收入《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E9%AD%8F%E5%85%AD%E6%9C%9D%E7%99%BE%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%B6%E9%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="汉魏六朝百三家集">汉魏六朝百三家集</a>》中。又有<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%8B" title="赋">赋</a>33篇，今仅存《九歎》一篇<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="經學家">經學家</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E6%AD%86" class="mw-redirect" title="劉歆">劉歆</a>為其子。劉向的詳細事跡可以參考《漢書•楚元王列傳》。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生平"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E5.B9.B3"></span>生平</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%98%E5%90%91&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：生平"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>劉向是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E9%AB%98%E7%A5%96" class="mw-redirect" title="汉高祖">汉高祖</a>之弟楚元王<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E4%BA%A4" title="劉交">劉交</a>的玄孙，红懿侯<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E5%AF%8C_(%E8%A5%BF%E6%B1%89)" class="mw-redirect" title="刘富 (西汉)">刘富</a>的曾孙，<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%A6%84%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="光禄大夫">光禄大夫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E6%A8%82%E8%A1%9B%E5%B0%89" class="mw-redirect" title="長樂衛尉">长乐卫尉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%AD%A3" title="宗正">宗正</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E8%BE%9F%E5%BC%BA_(%E5%AE%97%E6%AD%A3)" class="mw-redirect" title="刘辟强 (宗正)">刘辟强</a>的孙子，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%B8%BF%E8%83%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="大鸿胪">大鸿胪</a>丞、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="太中大夫">太中大夫</a>、宗正、阳城缪侯<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E5%BE%B7_(%E9%99%BD%E5%9F%8E%E4%BE%AF)" title="劉德 (陽城侯)">刘德</a>的儿子。劉向博覽群書，精通<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="天文">天文</a>星象<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="漢宣帝">漢宣帝</a>时，劉向和<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E8%A4%92_(%E6%B1%89%E6%9C%9D)" title="王褒 (汉朝)">王褒</a>等人同獻賦頌，官至散騎<a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="谏大夫">諫大夫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%A6%E4%BA%8B%E4%B8%AD" title="給事中">給事中</a>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%85%83%E5%B8%9D" title="汉元帝">汉元帝</a>時，劉向任宗正，奏章中多以<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%81%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="天災">天災</a>來附會當時的政治現象<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，希望元帝“放远佞邪之党，坏散险诐之聚，杜闭群枉之门，广开众正之门”，後因反对<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A6%E5%AE%98" title="宦官">宦官</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%98%E6%81%AD" title="弘恭">弘恭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E9%A1%AF" title="石顯">石显</a>亂政而下獄，終免为<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B6%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="庶人">庶人</a>。后人以<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E5%8E%9F" title="屈原">屈原</a>与之相提并论。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%88%90%E5%B8%9D" title="汉成帝">汉成帝</a>時，改名<b>向</b>，拜<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中郎（页面不存在）">中郎</a>，使領護<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%BC%94" class="mw-redirect" title="三輔">三輔</a>都水，任<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%A6%84%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="光禄大夫">光禄大夫</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%A1%E9%96%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="校閱">校閱</a>經傳諸子詩賦等書籍，撰成《<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A5%E9%8C%84" title="別錄">別錄</a>》一書，為中國最早的分類目錄。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="後代"><span id=".E5.BE.8C.E4.BB.A3"></span>後代</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%98%E5%90%91&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：後代"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>劉向有三個兒子，他們都好學：長子劉伋，講授《易》，擔任官職去到郡守；二兒子劉賜，擔任九卿丞，早死；小兒子劉歆，最有名氣。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="評價"><span id=".E8.A9.95.E5.83.B9"></span>評價</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%98%E5%90%91&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：評價"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E4%BC%BC%E5%AD%99" title="高似孙">高似孙</a>稱刘向“炯炯丹心，在汉社稷”<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E6%BA%A5" title="張溥">张溥</a>稱他：“忠爱憯怛，义兼《<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%97%E7%BB%8F" title="诗经">诗</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%9A%E4%B9%A6_(%E4%B9%A6)" title="尚书 (书)">书</a>》。”<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%8C%E6%89%AC%E8%97%BB" title="凌扬藻">凌扬藻</a>說他：“孤忠自许，志不得行，而其精诚，更可贯金石矣”<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E7%9F%A5%E5%87%A0" title="刘知几">刘知几</a>指责刘向“广陈虚事，多构伪辞”<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="進諫"><span id=".E9.80.B2.E8.AB.AB"></span>進諫</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%98%E5%90%91&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：進諫"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>根據《漢書•楚元王列傳》的記載，劉向有數次向皇帝進諫的記錄。 </p><p>有一次進諫的情況和內容如下： </p><p>久之，營起昌陵，數年不成，復還歸延陵，制度泰奢。 </p><p>向上疏諫曰： </p><p>臣聞《易》曰：「安不忘危，存不忘亡，是以身安而國家可保也。」 </p><p>故賢聖之君，博觀終始，窮極事情，而是非分明。王者必通三統，明天命所授者博，非獨一姓也。孔子論詩，至於「殷士膚敏，祼將于京」，喟然歎曰：「大哉天命！善不可不傳于子孫，是以富貴無常；不如是，則王公其何以戒慎，民萌何以勸勉？」 </p><p>蓋傷微子之事周，而痛殷之亡也。雖有堯舜之聖，不能化丹朱之子；雖有禹湯之德，不能訓末孫之桀紂。自古及今，未有不亡之國也。昔高皇帝既滅秦，將都雒陽，感寤劉敬之言，自以德不及周，而賢於秦，遂徙都關中，依周之德，因秦之阻。世之長短，以德為效，故常戰栗，不敢諱亡。 </p><p>孔子所謂「富貴無常」，蓋謂此也。 </p><p>孝文皇帝居霸陵，北臨廁，意悽愴悲懷，顧謂群臣曰：「嗟乎！以北山石為槨，用紵絮斮陳漆其間，豈可動哉！」 </p><p>張釋之進曰：「使其中有可欲，雖錮南山猶有隙；使其中無可欲，雖無石槨，又何慼焉？」 </p><p>夫死者無終極，而國家有廢興，故釋之之言，為無窮計也。孝文寤焉，遂薄葬，不起山墳。 </p><p>《易》曰：「古之葬者，厚衣之以薪，臧之中野，不封不樹。後世聖人易之以棺槨。」 </p><p>棺槨之作，自黃帝始。黃帝葬於橋山，堯葬濟陰，丘壟皆小，葬具甚微。舜葬蒼梧，二妃不從。禹葬會稽，不改其列。殷湯無葬處。文、武、周公葬於畢，秦穆公葬於雍橐泉宮祈年館下，樗里子葬於武庫，皆無丘隴之處。此聖帝明王賢君智士遠覽獨慮無窮之計也。其賢臣孝子亦承命順意而薄葬之，此誠奉安君父，忠孝之至也。 </p><p>夫周公，武王弟也，葬兄甚微。 </p><p>孔子葬母於防，稱古墓而不墳，曰：「丘，東西南北之人也，不可不識也。」 </p><p>為四尺墳，遇雨而崩。弟子修之，以告孔子，孔子流涕曰：「吾聞之，古不修墓。」蓋非之也。延陵季子適齊而反，其子死，葬於嬴、博之間，穿不及泉，斂以時服，封墳掩坎，其高可隱，而號曰：「骨肉歸復於土，命也，魂氣則無不之也。」 </p><p>夫嬴、博去吳千有餘里，季子不歸葬。孔子往觀曰：「延陵季子於禮合矣。」 </p><p>故仲尼孝子，而延陵慈父，舜禹忠臣，周公弟弟，其葬君親骨肉，皆微薄矣；非苟為儉，誠便於體也。宋桓司馬為石槨，仲尼曰「不如速朽。」秦相呂不韋集知略之士而造春秋，亦言薄葬之義，皆明於事情者也。 </p><p>逮至吳王闔閭，違禮厚葬，十有餘年，越人發之。及秦惠文、武、昭、嚴襄五王，皆大作丘隴，多其瘞臧，咸盡發掘暴露，甚足悲也。秦始皇帝葬於驪山之阿，下錮三泉，上崇山墳，其高五十餘丈，周回五里有餘；石槨為游館，人膏為燈燭，水銀為江海，黃金為鳧雁。 </p><p>珍寶之臧，機械之變，棺槨之麗，宮館之盛，不可勝原。又多殺宮人，生薶工匠，計以萬數。天下苦其役而反之，驪山之作未成，而周章百萬之師至其下矣。項籍燔其宮室營宇，往者咸見發掘。其後牧兒亡羊，羊入其鑿，牧者持火照求羊，失火燒其臧槨。自古至今，葬未有盛如始皇者也，數年之間，外被項籍之災，內離牧豎之禍，豈不哀哉！ </p><p>是故德彌厚者葬彌薄，知愈深者葬愈微。無德寡知，其葬愈厚，丘隴彌高，宮廟甚麗，發掘必速。由是觀之，明暗之效，葬之吉凶，昭然可見矣。周德既衰而奢侈，宣王賢而中興，更為儉宮室，小寢廟。詩人美之，斯干之詩是也，上章道宮室之如制，下章言子孫之眾多也。及魯嚴公刻飾宗廟，多築臺囿，後嗣再絕，春秋刺焉。周宣如彼而昌，魯、秦如此而絕，是則奢儉之得失也。 </p><p>陛下即位，躬親節儉，始營初陵，其制約小，天下莫不稱賢明。及徙昌陵，增埤為高，積土為山，發民墳墓，積以萬數，營起邑居，期日迫卒，功費大萬百餘。死者恨於下，生者愁於上，怨氣感動陰陽，因之以饑饉，物故流離以十萬數，臣甚惛焉。 </p><p>以死者為有知，發人之墓，其害多矣；若其無知，又安用大？謀之賢知則不說，以示眾庶則苦之；若苟以說愚夫淫侈之人，又何為哉！陛下慈仁篤美甚厚，聰明疏達蓋世，宜弘漢家之德，崇劉氏之美，光昭五帝、三王，而顧與暴秦亂君競為奢侈，比方丘隴，說愚夫之目，隆一時之觀，違賢知之心，亡萬世之安，臣竊為陛下羞之。 </p><p>唯陛下上覽明聖黃帝、堯、舜、禹、湯、文、武、周公、仲尼之制，下觀賢知穆公、延陵、樗里、張釋之之意。孝文皇帝去墳薄葬，以儉安神，可以為則；秦昭、始皇增山厚臧，以侈生害，足以為戒。初陵之跻，宜從公卿大臣之議，以息眾庶。 </p><p>書奏，上甚感向言，而不能從其計。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%98%E5%90%91&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《汉书·艺文志》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《漢書》說他：“為人平易，廉潔樂道，不交接世俗，而專思經術。晝讀書傳，夜觀星宿，經常通宵達旦。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《汉书·楚元王传》中载刘向在《条灾异封事》中指出東周春秋“二百四十二年之间，日食三十六，地震五，山陵崩阤二，彗星三见，夜常星不见，夜中星陨如雨一，火灾十四。长狄入三国，五石陨坠，六鶂退飞，多麋，有蜮、蜚，鸜鹆来巢者，皆一见。昼冥晦。雨木冰。李梅冬实。七月霜降，草木不死。八月杀菽。大雨雹。雨雪靁霆失序相乘。水、旱、饥、蝝、螽、螟蜂午并起。当是时，祸乱辄应，弑君三十六，亡国五十二，诸侯奔走，不得保其社稷者，不可胜数也”。确立阴阳灾异的预示作用之后，刘向认为“由此观之，和气致祥，乖气致异；祥多者其国安，异众者其国危，天地之常经，古今之通义也”。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">张溥《汉魏六朝百三家集·刘子政集题辞》中曾云：“夫屈原放废，始作《<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E9%AA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="离骚">离骚</a>》，子政疾谗，八篇乃显，同姓忠精，感慨相类，左徒当日，谏书不传，彼盖争之口舌，其著者，张仪一事耳。……<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%8F%B2%E5%85%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="太史公">太史公</a>《屈原传》云：‘原死后，楚日以削，竟为秦灭。’孟坚亦云：‘子政卒后十三岁，王氏代汉。’此两人系社稷轻重为何如哉。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《子略》卷四</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《汉魏六朝百三家集·刘子政集题辞》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《蠡勺编》卷九</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E9%80%9A" title="史通">史通</a>·杂说篇》</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="书籍"><span id=".E4.B9.A6.E7.B1.8D"></span>书籍</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%98%E5%90%91&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：书籍"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BA" title="班固">班固</a>. <a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7036#刘向" class="extiw" title="s:漢書/卷036">楚元王傳</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="漢書">漢書</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%88%98%E5%90%91&rft.atitle=%E6%A5%9A%E5%85%83%E7%8E%8B%E5%82%B3&rft.au=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BA&rft.btitle=%E6%BC%A2%E6%9B%B8&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%A2%E7%A9%86" title="錢穆">錢穆</a>著，《兩漢經學今古文平議》，北京，<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E5%8B%99%E5%8D%B0%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="商務印書館">商務印書館</a>，2001年，<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7100032423" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 7-100-03242-3</a></li> <li>加藤实：〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nssd.org/articles/article_read.aspx?id=666726888199804007">论刘向关于“幽厉”时代的诗经学</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201016065507/http://www.nssd.org/articles/article_read.aspx?id=666726888199804007">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）〉。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%98%E5%90%91&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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