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<li id="toc-Early_electro-mechanical_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_electro-mechanical_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early electro-mechanical system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_electro-mechanical_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fully_electronic_version" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fully_electronic_version"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Fully electronic version</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fully_electronic_version-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Closure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Closure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Closure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Closure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-BBC_Red_Button_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BBC_Red_Button_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>BBC Red Button service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BBC_Red_Button_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Technology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pages_and_content" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pages_and_content"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Pages and content</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pages_and_content-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pages_from_Ceefax" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pages_from_Ceefax"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span><i>Pages from Ceefax</i></span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pages_from_Ceefax-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle <i>Pages from Ceefax</i> subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pages_from_Ceefax-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Content" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Content"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Content</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Content-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In-vision_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In-vision_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>In-vision history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In-vision_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Similar_services_on_other_channels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Similar_services_on_other_channels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Similar services on other channels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Similar_services_on_other_channels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teefax" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teefax"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Teefax</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teefax-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Ceefax</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceefax" title="Ceefax – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ceefax" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceefax" title="Ceefax – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ceefax" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceefax" title="Ceefax – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ceefax" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceefax" title="Ceefax – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ceefax" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%ED%8C%A9%EC%8A%A4" title="시팩스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시팩스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceefax" title="Ceefax – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ceefax" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceefax" title="Ceefax – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ceefax" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceefax" title="Ceefax – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ceefax" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceefax" title="Ceefax – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ceefax" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceefax" title="Ceefax – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ceefax" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C" title="ซีแฟ็กซ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซีแฟ็กซ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceefax" title="Ceefax – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Ceefax" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1038123#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Teletext information service operated by the BBC</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Ceephax" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceephax">Ceephax</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the album by Fridge, see <a href="/wiki/Ceefax_(album)" title="Ceefax (album)">Ceefax (album)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1230561210">.mw-parser-output .ib-tv{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0 3px;padding:3px 5px}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv .infobox-above{background-color:#CCCCFF;color:inherit;font-size:125%;padding:0.25em 1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv .infobox-header{background-color:#CCCCFF;color:inherit;padding:0.25em 1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv img{background-color:white}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-aka{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-network-release td,.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-network-release th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1}</style><table class="infobox ib-tv vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary"><i>Ceefax</i></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:BBC_Ceefax_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/de/BBC_Ceefax_logo.svg/220px-BBC_Ceefax_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/de/BBC_Ceefax_logo.svg/330px-BBC_Ceefax_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/de/BBC_Ceefax_logo.svg/440px-BBC_Ceefax_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="361" data-file-height="277" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><i>Pages from Ceefax</i> title card</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country of origin</th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Original language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header summary">Production</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Production company</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header summary">Original release</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Network</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> <a href="/wiki/Analog_television" title="Analog television">analogue</a> (via "Text" button)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_One" title="BBC One">BBC One</a> (1980–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Two" title="BBC Two">BBC Two</a> (1980–2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Release</th><td class="infobox-data">23 September 1974<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1974-09-23</span>)</span> –<br />23 October 2012<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">2012-10-23</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header summary">Related</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/ORACLE_(teletext)" title="ORACLE (teletext)">Oracle</a> (1978–1992)<br /><a href="/wiki/Teletext_Ltd." title="Teletext Ltd.">Teletext Ltd.</a> (1993–2010)</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="width:16.0em"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BBC_Logo_2021.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/BBC_Logo_2021.svg/100px-BBC_Logo_2021.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/BBC_Logo_2021.svg/150px-BBC_Logo_2021.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/BBC_Logo_2021.svg/200px-BBC_Logo_2021.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">UK-wide</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Television" title="BBC Television">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_BBC_television_channels_and_radio_stations" title="List of BBC television channels and radio stations">stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_programmes_broadcast_by_the_BBC" title="List of television programmes broadcast by the BBC">programmes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio" title="BBC Radio">Radio</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_BBC_radio_stations" title="List of BBC radio stations">stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Local_Radio" title="BBC Local Radio">local</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Online" title="BBC Online">BBC Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Red_Button" title="BBC Red Button">BBC Red Button</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ceefax</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_iPlayer" title="BBC iPlayer">iPlayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Sounds" title="BBC Sounds">BBC Sounds</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Management</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_BBC" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman of the BBC">Chairman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samir_Shah" title="Samir Shah">Samir Shah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director-General_of_the_BBC" title="Director-General of the BBC">Director-General</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Davie" title="Tim Davie">Tim Davie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Board" title="BBC Board">BBC Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Charter" title="BBC Charter">BBC Charter</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Departments</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Academy" title="BBC Academy">BBC Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Archives" title="BBC Archives">Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Film" title="BBC Film">BBC Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">BBC World Service</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_BBC_World_Service" title="Timeline of the BBC World Service">Timeline</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Television" title="BBC Television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Design_%26_Engineering" title="BBC Design & Engineering">Design & Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Monitoring" title="BBC Monitoring">Monitoring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio" title="BBC Radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Sport" title="BBC Sport">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Weather" title="BBC Weather">Weather</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Nations and regions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Cymru_Wales" title="BBC Cymru Wales">BBC Cymru Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Scotland" title="BBC Scotland">BBC Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Northern_Ireland" title="BBC Northern Ireland">BBC Northern Ireland</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_English_Regions" title="BBC English Regions">BBC English Regions</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Birmingham" title="BBC Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_%26_Music_Production_Bristol" title="BBC Radio & Music Production Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_East" title="BBC East">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_East_Midlands" title="BBC East Midlands">East Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_London" title="BBC London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Manchester" title="BBC Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_North_East_and_Cumbria" title="BBC North East and Cumbria">North East & Cumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_North_West" title="BBC North West">North West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_South" title="BBC South">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_South_East" title="BBC South East">South East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_South_West" title="BBC South West">South West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_West" title="BBC West">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_West_Midlands" title="BBC West Midlands">West Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Yorkshire" title="BBC Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Yorkshire_and_Lincolnshire" title="BBC Yorkshire and Lincolnshire">Yorkshire & Lincolnshire</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Commercial subsidiaries</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Studios" title="BBC Studios">BBC Studios</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Studios_Productions" title="BBC Studios Productions">BBC Studios Productions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Studioworks" title="BBC Studioworks">BBC Studioworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Worldwide" title="BBC Worldwide">BBC Worldwide</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_BBC" title="Timeline of the BBC">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Archives" title="BBC Archives">Archives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Sound_Archive" title="BBC Sound Archive">Sound Archive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Trust" title="BBC Trust">BBC Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Governors_of_the_BBC" title="Board of Governors of the BBC">Board of Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Broadcasting_Company" title="British Broadcasting Company">British Broadcasting Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_BBC" title="Coat of arms of the BBC">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_controversies" title="BBC controversies">Controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_BBC" title="Criticism of the BBC">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_day_of_BBC_television" title="First day of BBC television">First day of TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logo_of_the_BBC" title="Logo of the BBC">Logo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Radio_Times" title="Radio Times">Radio Times</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Genome_Project" title="BBC Genome Project">Genome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_BBC" title="Timeline of the BBC">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_and_chronology_of_BBC_high-definition_television_services&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timeline and chronology of BBC high-definition television services (page does not exist)">HD timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_BBC_properties" title="List of BBC properties">Key properties</a> in London</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House" title="Broadcasting House">Broadcasting House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lime_Grove_Studios#BBC_studios" title="Lime Grove Studios">Lime Grove</a> (former)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maida_Vale_Studios" title="Maida Vale Studios">Maida Vale Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_Centre,_London" title="Television Centre, London">Television Centre</a> (former)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_City_Place" title="White City Place">White City & Media Village</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Birmingham</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Drama_Village" title="BBC Drama Village">Drama Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mailbox_Birmingham" title="Mailbox Birmingham">Mailbox Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pebble_Mill_Studios" title="Pebble Mill Studios">Pebble Mill Studios</a> (former)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Cardiff</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Cymru_Wales_New_Broadcasting_House" title="BBC Cymru Wales New Broadcasting House">New Broadcasting House, Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House,_Cardiff" title="Broadcasting House, Cardiff">Broadcasting House</a> (former)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roath_Lock" title="Roath Lock">Drama Village (Roath Lock)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_Millennium_Centre#Phase_2_(C_Bay)_–_BBC_Hoddinott_Hall" title="Wales Millennium Centre">BBC Hoddinott Hall</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Other locations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House,_Belfast" title="Broadcasting House, Belfast">Broadcasting House, Belfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House,_Bristol" title="Broadcasting House, Bristol">Broadcasting House, Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Elstree_Centre" title="BBC Elstree Centre">BBC Elstree Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MediaCityUK" title="MediaCityUK">MediaCityUK, Salford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Pacific_Quay" title="BBC Pacific Quay">Pacific Quay, Glasgow</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BBC_sidebar" title="Template:BBC sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BBC_sidebar" title="Template talk:BBC sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BBC_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BBC sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ceefax</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span>) was the world's first <a href="/wiki/Teletext" title="Teletext">teletext</a> information service and a forerunner to the current <a href="/wiki/BBC_Red_Button" title="BBC Red Button">BBC Red Button</a> service. Ceefax was started by the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> in 1974 and ended, after 38 years of broadcasting, at 23:32:19 BST (11:32 PM BST) on 23 October 2012, in line with the <a href="/wiki/Digital_switchover" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital switchover">digital switchover</a> completion in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Test_Cards_and_Ceefax_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Test_Cards_and_Ceefax-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To receive a desired page of text on a teletext-capable receiver, the user entered a three-digit page number on the device. The selected page was displayed on the user's screen as it was transmitted, requiring a wait of several seconds. There were many pages to choose from, and they could be displayed either on a black background or superimposed over the broadcast programme picture. This latter feature made it technically possible for the first time for British broadcasters to transmit <a href="/wiki/Subtitle_(captioning)" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtitle (captioning)">subtitles</a> that could be turned on or off by the viewer, rather than as part of the broadcast image.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceefax&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_electro-mechanical_system">Early electro-mechanical system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceefax&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early electro-mechanical system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ceefax" title="Special:EditPage/Ceefax">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>During the late 1960s, engineers Geoff Larkby and Barry Pyatt at the Designs Department (Television Group) of the BBC worked on an experimental analogue text transmission system. Its object was to transmit a printable page of text during the nocturnal "close-down" period of normal television transmission. <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Greene" title="Hugh Greene">Sir Hugh Carleton Greene</a>, then Director General of the BBC, was interested in making farming and stock-market prices available as hard copy via the dormant TV transmitters. The remit received by BBC Designs Department was "the equivalent of one page of <i>The Times</i> newspaper to be transmitted during shut-down". </p><p>Their system employed a modified rotating-drum facsimile transmitter designed by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Muirhead" title="Alexander Muirhead">Alexander Muirhead</a>, and Larkby & Pyatt's own, unique, design of hard-copy printer. This printer used pressure-sensitive "till-roll" paper passing over a drum with a raised helix of steel wire. </p><p>The drum was synchronised with the transmission drum by means of the "Start of Page", and "Start of Line" information inherent in the Muirhead system. Printing was effected by a hardened steel blade driven by, initially, a loudspeaker-type moving coil, then by a printed-circuit coil, and finally by a special ceramic piezo element manufactured by <a href="/wiki/Clevite" title="Clevite">Brush-Clevite</a>. The combination of rotating helix and oscillating moving blade, with the till-roll paper moving linearly between them, enabled a raster to be drawn on the paper. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fully_electronic_version">Fully electronic version</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceefax&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Fully electronic version"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ceefax_test_screenshot_1972.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Ceefax_test_screenshot_1972.jpg" decoding="async" width="206" height="116" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="116" /></a><figcaption>Early test data being received in 1972 – <a href="/wiki/The_quick_brown_fox_jumps_over_the_lazy_dog" title="The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog">a pangram</a> and numbers</figcaption></figure> <p>The idea was later taken up again, this time in digital and on-screen form, under the new name of CEEFAX, meaning "see facts".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new system was announced in October 1972, and following test transmissions in 1972–74, the Ceefax system went live on 23 September 1974 with thirty pages of information. Created in the United Kingdom in the early 1970s by the Philips Lead Designer for VDUs John Adams, his design was given to the BBC so they could start transmission. The BBC were working on ways of providing televisual subtitles for deaf people, it was the first teletext system in the world. <a href="/wiki/Sir_James_Redmond" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir James Redmond">James Redmond</a>, the BBC's Director of Engineering at the time, was a particular enthusiast. Other broadcasters soon took up the idea, including the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Independent Broadcasting Authority">Independent Broadcasting Authority</a> (IBA), who had developed the incompatible <a href="/wiki/ORACLE_(teletext)" title="ORACLE (teletext)">ORACLE</a> teletext system, at around the same time. Before the Internet and the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a> became popular, Ceefax pages were often the first location to report a breaking story or headline. </p><p>After technical negotiations, the two broadcasters settled in 1974 on a single standard, different from both Ceefax and ORACLE, which ultimately developed into <a href="/wiki/World_System_Teletext" title="World System Teletext">World System Teletext</a> (1976), and which remained in use for analogue broadcasts until 2012. The display format of 24 rows by 40 columns of characters was also adopted for the <a href="/wiki/Prestel" title="Prestel">Prestel</a> system. </p><p>The technology became the standard European teletext system and replaced other standards, including the <a href="/wiki/Antiope_(teletext)" title="Antiope (teletext)">Antiope</a> system formerly used in France. </p><p>Graham Clayton was its news executive and began working for Ceefax in 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-touches_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-touches-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an interview with <i><a href="/wiki/The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times">The Straits Times</a></i>, he said that viewers got instant results for the recent snooker championships through its computers, rather than Oracle which had its reporter reading the scores through the telephone.<sup id="cite_ref-touches_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-touches-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1983, Ceefax started to broadcast computer programs, known as <a href="/wiki/Telesoftware" title="Telesoftware">telesoftware</a>, for the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Micro" title="BBC Micro">BBC Micro</a> (a home computer available in the United Kingdom). The telesoftware broadcasts stopped in 1989. A similar idea was the French C Plus Direct satellite channel which used different, higher speed technology to broadcast PC software.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The basic technology of Ceefax remained compatible with the 1976 unified rollout; system elaborations in later years were made such that earlier receivers were still able to do a basic decode of pages, but would simply ignore enhanced information rather than showing corrupted data.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Closure">Closure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceefax&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Closure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ceefax.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/66/Ceefax.png/220px-Ceefax.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/66/Ceefax.png/330px-Ceefax.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/66/Ceefax.png 2x" data-file-width="361" data-file-height="276" /></a><figcaption>Ceefax page, seen on 5 October 2008.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Last_second_of_BBC_Ceefax.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Last_second_of_BBC_Ceefax.png/220px-Last_second_of_BBC_Ceefax.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Last_second_of_BBC_Ceefax.png 1.5x" data-file-width="287" data-file-height="250" /></a><figcaption>The final seconds before the switch off, seen on 23 October 2012.</figcaption></figure> <p>Until 2012, the BBC's Ceefax service was still providing information on topics covering News, Sport, Weather, TV Listings and Businesses. The pages were kept up to date until the UK digital switchover was completed on Tuesday 23 October 2012. </p><p>In 2002, the BBC stopped broadcasting Ceefax on the digital satellite <a href="/wiki/Sky_Digital_(UK_%26_Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sky Digital (UK & Ireland)">Sky Digital</a> service, but later brought back a limited service, including a TV schedule for <a href="/wiki/BBC_One" title="BBC One">BBC One</a> and <a href="/wiki/BBC_Two" title="BBC Two">BBC Two</a>; and subtitles. </p><p>The BBC has tried to reuse the old Ceefax page numbers where possible on the <a href="/wiki/Freeview_(UK)" title="Freeview (UK)">Freeview</a> and digital satellite <a href="/wiki/BBC_Red_Button" title="BBC Red Button">BBC Red Button</a> Ceefax-replacement services.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was announced that Ceefax would not be replaced when the analogue signal was switched off in October 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Test_Cards_and_Ceefax_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Test_Cards_and_Ceefax-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/BBC_Red_Button" title="BBC Red Button">BBC Red Button</a> service was seen as an alternative to Ceefax and since 2007 the number of regions with a Ceefax-supported analogue signal had declined as digital switchover progressed across the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of the end of 2011, three-quarters of the UK TV regions had completed or were in the process of being switched over.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ceefax was the last remaining text service available via analogue TV transmissions in the UK, as <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a> and <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Teletext_Ltd." title="Teletext Ltd.">Teletext</a> service closed in December 2009. <a href="/wiki/Channel_5_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel 5 (UK)">Channel 5</a>'s "Five Text" ancillary service closed in 2011. A limited analogue teletext service through ITV and Channel 4 was still available through terrestrial until the digital switchover was completed on 23 October 2012. </p><p>At 23:32:19 BST on 23 October 2012, Ceefax was switched off after 38 years of providing news, weather and sport information when the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a> champion <a href="/wiki/Mary_Peters_(athlete)" title="Mary Peters (athlete)">Dame Mary Peters</a> turned off the last analogue TV signal in Northern Ireland. A series of graphics on Ceefax's front page marked its 38 years on the BBC.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> BBC News' website also has memories of Ceefax.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a <a href="/wiki/Tongue-in-cheek" title="Tongue-in-cheek">tongue-in-cheek</a> article on the <a href="/wiki/2017_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2017 United Kingdom general election">2017 general election</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> gave political satirist <a href="/wiki/Lord_Buckethead" title="Lord Buckethead">Lord Buckethead</a> a "Best Policy" award for the latter's <a href="/wiki/Manifesto" title="Manifesto">manifesto</a> pledge to bring back Ceefax.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="BBC_Red_Button_service">BBC Red Button service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceefax&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: BBC Red Button service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/BBC_Red_Button" title="BBC Red Button">BBC Red Button</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Digital_switchover_dates_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Digital switchover dates in the United Kingdom">analogue switch-off</a> in the UK saw the closure of Ceefax in October 2012. Its replacement, BBC Red Button, is available on most digital services including <a href="/wiki/Freeview_(UK)" title="Freeview (UK)">Freeview</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media" title="Virgin Media">Virgin Media</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sky_(UK_and_Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sky (UK and Ireland)">Sky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freesat" title="Freesat">Freesat</a>. BBC Red Button is accessed by pressing the <a href="/wiki/Red_Button_(digital_television)" title="Red Button (digital television)">red button</a> or the text button on any BBC channel. As well as being able to display plain text, BBC Red Button offers richer graphics than Ceefax and a number of interactive video streams. Pages can be navigated to by scrolling with the remote or entering the correct page number; most of the page numbers previously used on Ceefax are the same on BBC Red Button, such as sports being on page number 301 with football on 302 and football results on 316. The new BBC Red Button Service is used as much as Ceefax<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and is especially popular among football fans.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In September 2019, the BBC announced that the Red Button service would be discontinued in 2020, which would've ended 45 years of text content delivery via TV broadcast in Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, on 29 January 2020, one day before the scheduled date of shutdown, the BBC suspended its decision, pending a review into it, after there were protests concerning certain demographics of people – for example, the elderly – with regards to what impact the removal of the service would have on them. </p><p>The BBC Red Button service is currently seen on all BBC TV and BBC Radio channels. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technology">Technology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceefax&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Ceefax/ORACLE standard was internationalised in the 1980s as <a href="/wiki/World_System_Teletext" title="World System Teletext">World System Teletext</a>, which was adopted into the international standard <a href="/wiki/ITU-R" title="ITU-R">CCIR</a> 653 (now <a href="/wiki/ITU-R" title="ITU-R">ITU-R</a> BT.653) of 1986 as CCIR Teletext System B. As with other <a href="/wiki/Teletext" title="Teletext">teletext</a> systems, text and simple graphics are transmitted in-band with the picture signal, and decoded by controller circuitry. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pages_and_content">Pages and content</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceefax&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Pages and content"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pages were retrieved using a three-digit number. From the 1996 relaunch onwards, the main sections were organised as follows: </p> <ul><li>100s – News</li> <li>200s – Business News</li> <li>300s – Sport</li> <li>400s – Weather and Travel (including 480 – Golf and 490 – Tennis)</li> <li>500s – Entertainment (including 555 – <a href="/wiki/National_Lottery_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Lottery (United Kingdom)">National Lottery</a> results and 570 – <a href="/wiki/Newsround" title="Newsround">Newsround</a>)</li> <li>600s – TV and Radio Listings (including 660 – Horse Racing)</li> <li>888 – <a href="/wiki/Subtitle_(captioning)" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtitle (captioning)">Subtitles</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pages_from_Ceefax"><i>Pages from Ceefax</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceefax&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Pages from Ceefax"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Pages from Ceefax</i> was a selection of content from the Ceefax service and normally only shown in the absence of any other programming. It consisted of selected Ceefax pages transmitted as an ordinary TV picture, viewable on any receiver. Audio accompaniment consisted of <a href="/wiki/Production_music" title="Production music">stock music</a> or sometimes a discontinuous tone. The limited set of rolling pages shown on <i>Pages from Ceefax</i> had been accessible at any time of day on teletext-equipped televisions on page 198 (BBC1) and 298 (BBC2), moving to page 196 in November 1992 and to page 152 in November 1996. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Content">Content</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceefax&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Content"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Initially, the in-vision broadcasts featured a variety of different topics – news, sport, weather and BBC TV listings. Other topics would be included from time to time, such as financial news, travel news, a recipe and information about the BBC. In late 1989 the Ceefax service was relaunched as a news-focused service and the in-vision sequence became a news-only service plus a weather forecast. A headline page for business, sport and travel reappeared in 1992. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In-vision_history">In-vision history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceefax&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: In-vision history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In-vision Ceefax was first shown in March 1980, originally in 30-minute slots and by mid-1983 it was a common filler during daytime downtime. Transmissions were originally billed on-air as <i>Ceefax in Vision</i> but daytime transmissions were not listed in the <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_Times" title="Radio Times">Radio Times</a></i> until 7 January 1984, under the title of <i>Pages from Ceefax</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 28 February 1983, BBC1 started to air a selection of Ceefax pages every weekday morning at 6.00am called <i>Ceefax AM</i> which would lead into the start of <i><a href="/wiki/Breakfast_Time_(British_TV_programme)" title="Breakfast Time (British TV programme)">Breakfast Time</a></i> at 6.30am.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is first mentioned in the <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_Times" title="Radio Times">Radio Times</a></i> on 21 March.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From May 1983, BBC1 began to transmit Ceefax pages during their daytime downtime periods. This continued until Friday 24 October 1986, three days before BBC1 launched a full daytime schedule, resulting in the only Ceefax transmission on BBC1 being the weekday 6.00am <i>Ceefax AM</i> broadcast.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the late 1980s onwards, <i>Pages from Ceefax</i> was increasingly marginalised by the BBC's move towards a near-continuous service, although BBC2 only gradually expanded its broadcasting hours when schools programming was not being shown. By the start of the 1990s, Ceefax broadcasts were shown once a day, and for periods of around 15–30 minutes. They were shown before the first programme of the day. When the BBC launched <a href="/wiki/BBC_Learning_Zone" title="BBC Learning Zone">The Learning Zone</a> in 1995, Ceefax was shown during overnight downtime on BBC Two for the first time, although latterly <a href="/wiki/BBC_News_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC News (TV channel)">BBC News</a> filled many of the late-night/early morning gaps in the schedules. </p><p>The last nationwide <i>Pages from Ceefax</i> broadcast on BBC1 was on 9 November 1997. However, occasional Ceefax broadcasts continued to be shown on <a href="/wiki/BBC_One_Scotland" title="BBC One Scotland">BBC One Scotland</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_One_Wales" title="BBC One Wales">BBC One Wales</a> and <a href="/wiki/BBC_One_Northern_Ireland" title="BBC One Northern Ireland">BBC One Northern Ireland</a> as a filler between the end of an opt-out and rejoining the national network. On BBC Two, <i>Pages from Ceefax</i> continued to be broadcast until less than two days before the Ceefax service was closed down, the final transmission being in the early hours of Monday 22 October 2012 which featured special continuity announcements and a specially created end caption featuring various Ceefax graphics from over the years.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The music chosen for the final minutes was <a href="/wiki/Ruby_(Ruby_album)" title="Ruby (Ruby album)">"BART" by Ruby</a>, which had been frequently used for <i>Pages from Ceefax</i> and for other continuity. Since then, overnight downtime has been filled with a rolling loop of previews of forthcoming BBC Two programmes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Similar_services_on_other_channels">Similar services on other channels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceefax&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Similar services on other channels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a> showed pages from <a href="/wiki/ORACLE_(teletext)" title="ORACLE (teletext)">Oracle</a> from 1983 until 1989 and <i><a href="/wiki/4-Tel_On_View" class="mw-redirect" title="4-Tel On View">4-Tel On View</a></i> from 1983 until 1997, and in the late 1980s and early 1990s, some ITV companies broadcast <i><a href="/wiki/Jobfinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Jobfinder">Jobfinder</a></i>, which consisted of Teletext pages showing job vacancies and related information. <i><a href="/wiki/ITV_Nightscreen" title="ITV Nightscreen">ITV Nightscreen</a></i> also used Teletext pages in its first few years on air. In its early days, <a href="/wiki/Sky_One" title="Sky One">Sky One</a> showed in-vision pages from the <a href="/wiki/Sky_Text" title="Sky Text">Sky Text</a> service during its overnight downtime. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teefax">Teefax</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceefax&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Teefax"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Teefax is a revamped version of Ceefax for the <a href="/wiki/Raspberry_Pi" title="Raspberry Pi">Raspberry Pi</a> computer introduced in August 2016 by Peter Kwan. To view Teefax, enthusiasts connect a Raspberry Pi running appropriate software to the signal input of a Teletext-capable TV.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kwan said: "It's like the modern-day equivalent of restoring steam engines. It's completely useless but it keeps us occupied." The service has 12 pages of up-to-date news and Kwan hopes to create an online archive of old teletext pages from Britain, Germany and France.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceefax&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceefax&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pete_Clifton" title="Pete Clifton">Pete Clifton</a> Points of View 9 November 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Test_Cards_and_Ceefax-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Test_Cards_and_Ceefax_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Test_Cards_and_Ceefax_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/testcards_ceefax.shtml?chapter=9">Test Cards and Ceefax</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180823163107/http://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/testcards_ceefax.shtml?chapter=9">Archived</a> 23 August 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> BBC Archive</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-17745100">"Ceefax: A love letter"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ceefax%3A+A+love+letter&rft.date=2012-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-17745100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeefax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://teletext.mb21.co.uk/timeline/early-ceefax-subtitling.shtml">"The Teletext Museum"</a>. <i>teletext.mb21.co.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010803155930/http://teletext.mb21.co.uk:80/timeline/early-ceefax-subtitling.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Whitehaven+analogue+TV+switch-off+nears&rft.date=2007-11-13&rft.aulast=Tryhorn&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2007%2Fnov%2F13%2Fdigitaltvradio.television&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeefax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeridian2011" class="citation web cs1">Meridian (31 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitaluk.co.uk">"Home"</a>. Digital UK<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home&rft.pub=Digital+UK&rft.date=2011-03-31&rft.au=Meridian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitaluk.co.uk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeefax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHand2012" class="citation news cs1">Hand, John (23 October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-20032882">"Ceefax service to end after 38 years on BBC"</a>. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ceefax+service+to+end+after+38+years+on+BBC&rft.date=2012-10-23&rft.aulast=Hand&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-20032882&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeefax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShah2012" class="citation news cs1">Shah, Priya (23 October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-20035713">"Ceefax: your memories"</a>. BBC.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ceefax%3A+your+memories&rft.date=2012-10-23&rft.aulast=Shah&rft.aufirst=Priya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-20035713&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeefax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeritage2017" class="citation web cs1">Heritage, Stuart (8 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/jun/08/the-2017-election-awards-from-best-eating-of-a-pringle-to-biggest-dolt">"The 2017 election awards: from best eating of a Pringle to biggest dolt"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+2017+election+awards%3A+from+best+eating+of+a+Pringle+to+biggest+dolt&rft.date=2017-06-08&rft.aulast=Heritage&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2017%2Fjun%2F08%2Fthe-2017-election-awards-from-best-eating-of-a-pringle-to-biggest-dolt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeefax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-49715314">"BBC to switch off red button text in 2020"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 16 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=BBC+to+switch+off+red+button+text+in+2020&rft.date=2019-09-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-49715314&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeefax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctwo/england/1984-01-07">"BBC Two England – 7 January 1984 – BBC Genome"</a>. <i>genome.ch.bbc.co.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=genome.ch.bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=BBC+Two+England+%E2%80%93+7+January+1984+%E2%80%93+BBC+Genome&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgenome.ch.bbc.co.uk%2Fschedules%2Fbbctwo%2Fengland%2F1984-01-07&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeefax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rewind.thetvroom.com/38841/features/the-history-of-pages-from-ceefax-part-2-3/">"The History of Pages from Ceefax (part 2/3)"</a>. <i>The TV Room</i>. 16 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+TV+Room&rft.atitle=The+History+of+Pages+from+Ceefax+%28part+2%2F3%29&rft.date=2020-03-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frewind.thetvroom.com%2F38841%2Ffeatures%2Fthe-history-of-pages-from-ceefax-part-2-3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeefax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/1983-03-21">BBC Genome Project – BBC1 listings 21 March 1983</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/genome/entries/5434a4f5-04bc-4df1-8b4b-b6603e37cbb6">BBC Genome Blog 27 October 2016</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Archived at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/EEdF2K5BITI">Ghostarchive</a> and the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151226134712/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EEdF2K5BITI">Wayback Machine</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJX866_Mashups2012" class="citation web cs1">JX866 Mashups (28 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EEdF2K5BITI">"The final Pages From Ceefax in full, 22 October 2012, BBC Two"</a> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+final+Pages+From+Ceefax+in+full%2C+22+October+2012%2C+BBC+Two&rft.date=2012-11-28&rft.au=JX866+Mashups&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DEEdF2K5BITI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeefax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170613032450/http://teastop.co.uk/teletext/">"Teletext Projects"</a>. <i>teastop.co.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://teastop.co.uk/teletext/">the original</a> on 13 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=teastop.co.uk&rft.atitle=Teletext+Projects&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fteastop.co.uk%2Fteletext%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeefax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/shortcuts/2016/aug/10/teefax-a-nostalgic-return-to-the-days-of-teletext">"Teefax: a nostalgic return to the days of teletext"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 10 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Teefax%3A+a+nostalgic+return+to+the+days+of+teletext&rft.date=2016-08-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2Fshortcuts%2F2016%2Faug%2F10%2Fteefax-a-nostalgic-return-to-the-days-of-teletext&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeefax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A few pages of Teefax can be seen on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ODPRnCO4kl4">this ITV news report</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceefax&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External 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href="https://www.nathanmediaservices.co.uk/ceefax/">Ceefax simulator</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Director-General_of_the_BBC" title="Director-General of the BBC">Director-General</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Davie" title="Tim Davie">Tim Davie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Board" title="BBC Board">BBC Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Charter" title="BBC Charter">BBC Charter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_independence" title="BBC independence">BBC independence</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Departments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Academy" title="BBC Academy">BBC Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Archives" title="BBC Archives">Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Film" title="BBC Film">BBC Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">BBC World Service</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_BBC_World_Service" title="Timeline of the BBC World Service">Timeline</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Television" title="BBC Television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Design_%26_Engineering" title="BBC Design & Engineering">Design & Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Monitoring" title="BBC Monitoring">Monitoring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio" title="BBC Radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Sport" title="BBC Sport">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Weather" title="BBC Weather">Weather</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Nations and<br />regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BBC_English_Regions" title="BBC English Regions">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Birmingham" title="BBC Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_%26_Music_Production_Bristol" title="BBC Radio & Music Production Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_East" title="BBC East">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_East_Midlands" title="BBC East Midlands">East Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_London" title="BBC London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Manchester" title="BBC Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_North_East_and_Cumbria" title="BBC North East and Cumbria">North East & Cumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_North_West" title="BBC North West">North West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_South" title="BBC South">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_South_East" title="BBC South East">South East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_South_West" title="BBC South West">South West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_West" title="BBC West">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_West_Midlands" title="BBC West Midlands">West Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Yorkshire" title="BBC Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Yorkshire_and_Lincolnshire" title="BBC Yorkshire and Lincolnshire">Yorkshire & Lincolnshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rest of UK</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Northern_Ireland" title="BBC Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Scotland" title="BBC Scotland">Scotland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_G%C3%A0idhlig" title="BBC Gàidhlig">Gàidhlig</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Cymru_Wales" title="BBC Cymru Wales">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Commercial<br />subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Studios" title="BBC Studios">BBC Studios</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Studios_Productions" title="BBC Studios Productions">Productions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Studios_Natural_History_Unit" title="BBC Studios Natural History Unit">Natural History Unit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Studios_Home_Entertainment" title="BBC Studios Home Entertainment">Home Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demon_Music_Group" title="Demon Music Group">Demon Music Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Studioworks" title="BBC Studioworks">BBC Studioworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Worldwide" title="BBC Worldwide">BBC Worldwide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_BBC" title="Timeline of the BBC">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Archives" title="BBC Archives">Archives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Sound_Archive" title="BBC Sound Archive">Sound Archive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Trust" title="BBC Trust">BBC Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Governors_of_the_BBC" title="Board of Governors of the BBC">Board of Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Broadcasting_Company" title="British Broadcasting Company">British Broadcasting Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_BBC" title="Coat of arms of the BBC">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_controversies" title="BBC controversies">Controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_BBC" title="Criticism of the BBC">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_day_of_BBC_television" title="First day of BBC television">First day of TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logo_of_the_BBC" title="Logo of the BBC">Logo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Radio_Times" title="Radio Times">Radio Times</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Genome_Project" title="BBC Genome Project">Genome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_BBC" title="Timeline of the BBC">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Key<br />properties<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_BBC_properties" title="List of BBC properties">full list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">London</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House" title="Broadcasting House">Broadcasting House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lime_Grove_Studios#BBC_studios" title="Lime Grove Studios">Lime Grove</a> (former)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maida_Vale_Studios" title="Maida Vale Studios">Maida Vale Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_Centre,_London" title="Television Centre, London">Television Centre</a> (former)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_City_Place" title="White City Place">White City & Media Village</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Birmingham</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Drama_Village" title="BBC Drama Village">Drama Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mailbox_Birmingham" title="Mailbox Birmingham">Mailbox Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pebble_Mill_Studios" title="Pebble Mill Studios">Pebble Mill Studios</a> (former)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cardiff</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Cymru_Wales_New_Broadcasting_House" title="BBC Cymru Wales New Broadcasting House">New Broadcasting House, Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House,_Cardiff" title="Broadcasting House, Cardiff">Broadcasting House</a> (former)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roath_Lock" title="Roath Lock">Drama Village (Roath Lock)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_Millennium_Centre#Phase_2_(C_Bay)_–_BBC_Hoddinott_Hall" title="Wales Millennium Centre">BBC Hoddinott Hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House,_Belfast" title="Broadcasting House, Belfast">Broadcasting House, Belfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Elstree_Centre" title="BBC Elstree Centre">BBC Elstree Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MediaCityUK" title="MediaCityUK">MediaCityUK, Salford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Pacific_Quay" title="BBC Pacific Quay">Pacific Quay, Glasgow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_licensing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Television licensing in the United Kingdom">Television licence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_licensing_in_the_United_Kingdom_(historical)" title="Television licensing in the United Kingdom (historical)">history</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backstage.bbc.co.uk" title="Backstage.bbc.co.uk">Backstage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Micro" title="BBC Micro">BBC Micro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_UK_regional_TV_on_satellite" title="BBC UK regional TV on satellite">BBC UK regional TV on satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Box" title="BBC Box">The Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Bitesize" title="BBC Bitesize">Bitesize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BritBox" title="BritBox">BritBox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirac_(video_compression_format)" title="Dirac (video compression format)">Dirac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Domesday_Project" title="BBC Domesday Project">Domesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freely" title="Freely">Freely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freesat" title="Freesat">Freesat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H2g2" title="H2g2">h2g2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_Democracy_Reporting_Service" title="Local Democracy Reporting Service">Local Democracy Reporting Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Redux" title="BBC Redux">Redux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouView" title="YouView">YouView</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Technical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Programme_Catalogue" title="BBC Programme Catalogue">Programme Catalogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Programme_Identifier" title="BBC Programme Identifier">Programme Identifier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:BBC" title="Category:BBC">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:BBC" title="Portal:BBC">Portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:BBC" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:BBC">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Teletext" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Teletext" title="Template:Teletext"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Teletext&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Teletext (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Teletext" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Teletext"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Teletext" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Teletext" title="Teletext">Teletext</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>A (<a href="/wiki/Antiope_(teletext)" title="Antiope (teletext)">Antiope</a>)</li> <li>B (<a href="/wiki/World_System_Teletext" title="World System Teletext">World System Teletext</a>)</li> <li>C (<a href="/wiki/NABTS" title="NABTS">NABTS</a>)</li> <li>D (<a href="/wiki/JTES" title="JTES">JTES</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Antiope_%C3%A0_Moscou-Portail_Tourisme.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Antiope_%C3%A0_Moscou-Portail_Tourisme.jpg/100px-Antiope_%C3%A0_Moscou-Portail_Tourisme.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Antiope_%C3%A0_Moscou-Portail_Tourisme.jpg/150px-Antiope_%C3%A0_Moscou-Portail_Tourisme.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Antiope_%C3%A0_Moscou-Portail_Tourisme.jpg/200px-Antiope_%C3%A0_Moscou-Portail_Tourisme.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2210" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services (<a href="/wiki/List_of_teletext_services" title="List of teletext services">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Current" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teletext_%C4%8CT" title="Teletext ČT">Teletext ČT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televideo_(teletext)" title="Televideo (teletext)">Televideo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Former" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ceefax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ORACLE_(teletext)" title="ORACLE (teletext)">ORACLE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Text" title="Sky Text">Sky Text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_Aertel" title="RTÉ Aertel">RTÉ Aertel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9acs_TG4" title="Téacs TG4">Téacs TG4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sbectel" title="Sbectel">Sbectel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telidon" title="Telidon">Telidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExtraVision" title="ExtraVision">ExtraVision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electra_(teletext)" title="Electra (teletext)">Electra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC_Teletext" title="NBC Teletext">NBC Teletext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediavideo" title="Mediavideo">Mediavideo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austext" title="Austext">Austext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infonet" title="Infonet">Infonet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVNZ_Teletext" title="TVNZ Teletext">TVNZ Teletext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MediaCorp_Teletext" title="MediaCorp Teletext">MediaCorp Teletext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SWISS_TXT" title="SWISS TXT">SWISS TXT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other developments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intercast" title="Intercast">Intercast</a></li> <li>WaveTop</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guide_Plus" title="Guide Plus">Guide Plus</a></li> <li>Star Sight</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Teletext" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Teletext"><b>Commons 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