CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Iru Kodugal - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"3ab62978-b1d4-4223-b8f3-5ad0487d1cd0","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Iru_Kodugal","wgTitle":"Iru Kodugal","wgCurRevisionId":1235809482,"wgRevisionId":1235809482,"wgArticleId":22016018,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Tamil-language sources (ta)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use Indian English from March 2018","All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English","Use dmy dates from July 2024","Template film date with 1 release date","1969 films","1960s Indian films","1960s Tamil-language films","1969 drama films","Best Tamil Feature Film National Film Award winners","Fiction about polygamy","Films directed by K. Balachander", "Films scored by V. Kumar","Films with screenplays by K. Balachander","Indian drama films","Indian films based on plays","Tamil films remade in other languages","Tamil-language Indian films"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Iru_Kodugal","wgRelevantArticleId":22016018,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false, "wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q6073974","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init" :"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/64/Iru_Kodugal.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1795"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/64/Iru_Kodugal.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1197"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="958"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Iru Kodugal - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iru_Kodugal"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Iru_Kodugal&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iru_Kodugal"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Iru_Kodugal rootpage-Iru_Kodugal skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Iru+Kodugal" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Iru+Kodugal" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Iru+Kodugal" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Iru+Kodugal" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Plot" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plot"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Plot</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plot-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Cast</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soundtrack" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soundtrack"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Soundtrack</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soundtrack-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Release_and_reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Release_and_reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Release and reception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Release_and_reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Iru Kodugal</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 1 language" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-1" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">1 language</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="இரு கோடுகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இரு கோடுகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6073974#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Iru_Kodugal" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Iru_Kodugal" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Iru_Kodugal"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iru_Kodugal&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iru_Kodugal&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Iru_Kodugal"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iru_Kodugal&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iru_Kodugal&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Iru_Kodugal" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Iru_Kodugal" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iru_Kodugal&oldid=1235809482" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iru_Kodugal&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Iru_Kodugal&id=1235809482&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIru_Kodugal"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIru_Kodugal"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Iru_Kodugal&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iru_Kodugal&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6073974" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1969 film by K. Balachander</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;">Iru Kodugal</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Iru_Kodugal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/64/Iru_Kodugal.jpg/220px-Iru_Kodugal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/64/Iru_Kodugal.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="258" data-file-height="386" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Theatrical release poster</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Directed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/K._Balachander" title="K. Balachander">K. Balachander</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Screenplay by</th><td class="infobox-data">K. Balachander</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Based on</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Iru Kodugal</i><br />by Joseph Anandan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Produced by</th><td class="infobox-data">N. Selvaraj<br />B. Duraisamy<br />N. Krishnan<br />V. Govindarajan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Starring</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gemini_Ganesan" title="Gemini Ganesan">Gemini Ganesan</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sowcar_Janaki" title="Sowcar Janaki">Sowcar Janaki</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jayanthi_(actress)" title="Jayanthi (actress)">Jayanthi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Cinematography</th><td class="infobox-data">N. Balakrishnan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Edited by</th><td class="infobox-data">N. R. Kittu</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Music by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/V._Kumar" title="V. Kumar">V. Kumar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Production<br />company</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="vertical-align: middle;">Kalakendra Movies</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Release date</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist film-date"> <ul><li>2 October 1969<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1969-10-02</span>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Running time</div></th><td class="infobox-data">176 minutes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">India</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">Tamil</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Iru Kodugal</b></i> (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> Two lines</span>) is a 1969 Indian <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>-language <a href="/wiki/Drama_(film_and_television)" title="Drama (film and television)">drama film</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/K._Balachander" title="K. Balachander">K. Balachander</a>. The film stars <a href="/wiki/Gemini_Ganesan" title="Gemini Ganesan">Gemini Ganesan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sowcar_Janaki" title="Sowcar Janaki">Sowcar Janaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jayanthi_(actress)" title="Jayanthi (actress)">Jayanthi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nagesh" title="Nagesh">Nagesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/V._S._Raghavan" title="V. S. Raghavan">V. S. Raghavan</a>, <a href="/wiki/S._N._Lakshmi" title="S. N. Lakshmi">S. N. Lakshmi</a> and others. The story revolves around one man who was <a href="/wiki/Bigamy" title="Bigamy">married to two women</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Iru Kodugal</i> won the <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Award_for_Best_Feature_Film_in_Tamil" class="mw-redirect" title="National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil">National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil</a>, the first film by Balachander to win the award.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film, which was based on a stage play of same name, was remade in <a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a> as <i><a href="/wiki/Eradu_Rekhegalu" title="Eradu Rekhegalu">Eradu Rekhegalu</a></i>, in <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a> as <i>Collector Janaki</i> and in <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> as <i><a href="/wiki/Sanjog_(1971_film)" title="Sanjog (1971 film)">Sanjog</a></i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot">Plot</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iru_Kodugal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Plot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gopinath falls in love with Janaki and they get married in <a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Kasi</a>. The marriage is not accepted by Gopinath's mother and the couple gets separated. Janaki is pregnant and her father, realising that no man will marry Janaki a second time, decides to make her a collector. Gopinath meanwhile had moved to South India, where he later married Jaya by hiding his previous marriage. They live a happy life with their three children and Jaya's father. Gopinath works as a clerk in the collector's office. A new collector arrives at the office, and it turns out to be Janaki. They tend to work together, until one of the employees in Janaki's office, Babu, spreads a rumour stating that there is an affair between Janaki and Gopinath. This rumour reaches Jaya and she is completely disturbed. Jaya discovers the secret of Gopinath's affair with Janaki. Meanwhile, the sons of both Janaki and Jaya, Ramu and Prabhakar drowned in water and have been admitted to Hospital. Somehow Jaya manages the disturbance of the secret and accepts Janaki as her sister. But Ramu dies in hospital while Prabhakar survives. Jaya gives Janaki her son as a gift. Janaki and Prabhakar leave for abroad as Janaki received her duty abroad. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cast">Cast</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iru_Kodugal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gemini_Ganesan" title="Gemini Ganesan">Gemini Ganesan</a> as Gopinath</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sowcar_Janaki" title="Sowcar Janaki">Sowcar Janaki</a> as Janaki<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayanthi_(actress)" title="Jayanthi (actress)">Jayanthi</a> as Jaya</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagesh" title="Nagesh">Nagesh</a> as Babu</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._S._Raghavan" title="V. S. Raghavan">V. S. Raghavan</a> as Janaki's father</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._V._Sahasranamam" title="S. V. Sahasranamam">S. V. Sahasranamam</a> as Jaya's father</li> <li>Harikrishnan as Harikrishnan</li> <li>S. Ramarao as Ramarao</li> <li>Gokulnath as Gnanaprakasham</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._N._Lakshmi" title="S. N. Lakshmi">S. N. Lakshmi</a> as Janaki's aunt</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachu" title="Sachu">Sachu</a></li> <li>Gemini Mahalingam</li> <li>Seshadri as Gopinath's father</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._K._Saraswathi" title="C. K. Saraswathi">C. K. Saraswathi</a> as Gopinath's mother</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoba" title="Shoba">Shoba</a> as Shoba</li> <li>Sumathi as Sumathi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Prabhakar" title="Master Prabhakar">Master Prabhakar</a> as Prabhakar</li> <li>Master Adhinarayan as Ramu</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iru_Kodugal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Iru Kodugal</i> was based on the stage play of same name written by Joseph Anandan.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the first collaboration between Balachander and Ganesan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGanesh201161–62_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGanesh201161–62-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though uncharacteristic of Janaki to ask for roles, she asked Balachander for a role and got it.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a scene in the film Janaki's character meets the Chief Minister. Balachander wanted to bring in former Chief Minister <a href="/wiki/C._N._Annadurai" title="C. N. Annadurai">C. N. Annadurai</a> (he died 1969) for the scene but did not want to use a <a href="/wiki/Double_(occupation)" title="Double (occupation)">body double</a> in his place. Instead, Annadurai's voice was <a href="/wiki/Impressionist_(entertainment)" title="Impressionist (entertainment)">imitated</a> by Sivagangai Sethurajan.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, a pair of glasses on the table and a pen in the foreground are seen, implying that Annadurai is the intended character.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Soundtrack">Soundtrack</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iru_Kodugal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Soundtrack"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The music was scored by <a href="/wiki/V._Kumar" title="V. Kumar">V. Kumar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vaali_(poet)" title="Vaali (poet)">Vaali</a> wrote the lyrics.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Song</th> <th>Singers</th> <th>Length </th></tr> <tr> <td>"Moondru Thamizh Thoondri"</td> <td><a href="/wiki/T._M._Soundararajan" title="T. M. Soundararajan">T. M. Soundararajan</a>, <a href="/wiki/A._L._Raghavan" title="A. L. Raghavan">A. L. Raghavan</a>, K. Suvarna</td> <td>04:58 </td></tr> <tr> <td>"Naan Oru Gumastha"</td> <td>T. M. Soundararajan</td> <td>02:50 </td></tr> <tr> <td>"Punnagai Mannan"</td> <td><a href="/wiki/K._Jamuna_Rani" title="K. Jamuna Rani">K. Jamuna Rani</a>, <a href="/wiki/P._Susheela" title="P. Susheela">P. Susheela</a></td> <td>05:04 </td></tr> <tr> <td>"Kavidhai Ezhudhiya"</td> <td><a href="/wiki/P._Leela" title="P. Leela">P. Leela</a>, P. Susheela</td> <td>02:37 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Release_and_reception">Release and reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iru_Kodugal&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Release and reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Iru Kodugal</i> was released on 2 October 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a></i> praised Balachander for adapting the play very well: "No doubt they are very good dramatic moments but there is tendency to overdo the symbolism" and went on to praise the performances of the lead actors.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film was a commercial success,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and won the <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Award_for_Best_Feature_Film_in_Tamil" class="mw-redirect" title="National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil">National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil</a> – President's silver medal in 1970, while Janaki won the <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu_State_Film_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actress">Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iru_Kodugal&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Iru Kodugal</i> was remade in <a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a> as <i><a href="/wiki/Eradu_Rekhegalu" title="Eradu Rekhegalu">Eradu Rekhegalu</a></i>, in <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a> as <i>Collector Janaki</i> and in <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> as <i><a href="/wiki/Sanjog_(1971_film)" title="Sanjog (1971 film)">Sanjog</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Malathi Rangarajan said Janaki "stomped the screen and stole our hearts [..] came up with a stellar performance".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clips from the film were screened along with clips from other films such as <i><a href="/wiki/Server_Sundaram" title="Server Sundaram">Server Sundaram</a></i> (1964), <i><a href="/wiki/Arangetram_(1973_film)" title="Arangetram (1973 film)">Arangetram</a></i> (1973), <i><a href="/wiki/Aval_Oru_Thodar_Kathai" title="Aval Oru Thodar Kathai">Aval Oru Thodar Kathai</a></i> (1974), <i><a href="/wiki/Avargal" title="Avargal">Avargal</a></i> (1977) and <i><a href="/wiki/Azhagan" title="Azhagan">Azhagan</a></i> (1991) at a function held in Balachander's honour at <a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli" title="Tiruchirappalli">Tiruchirappalli</a> in January 2015,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a month after his death.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iru_Kodugal&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMurugesan2011" class="citation news cs1">Murugesan, Deepauk (23 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304121846/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/ml.asp?Ref=VE9JQ0gvMjAxMS8wNC8yMyNBcjAzMzAw&Mode=HTML&Locale=english-skin-custom">"Trois"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/ml.asp?Ref=VE9JQ0gvMjAxMS8wNC8yMyNBcjAzMzAw&Mode=HTML&Locale=english-skin-custom">the original</a> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Trois&rft.date=2011-04-23&rft.aulast=Murugesan&rft.aufirst=Deepauk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepaper.timesofindia.com%2FRepository%2Fml.asp%3FRef%3DVE9JQ0gvMjAxMS8wNC8yMyNBcjAzMzAw%26Mode%3DHTML%26Locale%3Denglish-skin-custom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIru+Kodugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRangarajan2011" class="citation news cs1">Rangarajan, Malathi (2 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/the-granddaddy-of-tamil-films/article1985465.ece">"The granddaddy of Tamil films"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131214155455/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/the-granddaddy-of-tamil-films/article1985465.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 14 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=The+granddaddy+of+Tamil+films&rft.date=2011-05-02&rft.aulast=Rangarajan&rft.aufirst=Malathi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ffeatures%2Fcinema%2Fthe-granddaddy-of-tamil-films%2Farticle1985465.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIru+Kodugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRangan2017" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Baradwaj_Rangan" title="Baradwaj Rangan">Rangan, Baradwaj</a> (10 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/aramm-movie-review">"Aramm Movie Review"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Film_Companion" class="mw-redirect" title="Film Companion">Film Companion</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221024121918/https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/aramm-movie-review">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Film+Companion&rft.atitle=Aramm+Movie+Review&rft.date=2017-11-10&rft.aulast=Rangan&rft.aufirst=Baradwaj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmcompanion.in%2Freviews%2Faramm-movie-review&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIru+Kodugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/iffi-2019-to-screen-k-balachanders-iru-kodugal-6118044/">"IFFI 2019 to screen K Balachander's Iru Kodugal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a></i>. 13 November 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220107101150/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/iffi-2019-to-screen-k-balachanders-iru-kodugal-6118044/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=IFFI+2019+to+screen+K+Balachander%27s+Iru+Kodugal&rft.date=2019-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fentertainment%2Ftamil%2Fiffi-2019-to-screen-k-balachanders-iru-kodugal-6118044%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIru+Kodugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGanesh201161–62-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGanesh201161–62_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGanesh2011">Ganesh 2011</a>, pp. 61–62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShiva_Kumar1983" class="citation news cs1">Shiva Kumar, S. (23 October 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mobile.twitter.com/sshivu/status/1486294918997762048">"I never failed as an actress – Janaki"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Mid-Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunday Mid-Day">Sunday Mid-Day</a></i>. p. 36. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220126150501/https://mobile.twitter.com/sshivu/status/1486294918997762048">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2022</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sunday+Mid-Day&rft.atitle=I+never+failed+as+an+actress+%E2%80%93+Janaki&rft.pages=36&rft.date=1983-10-23&rft.aulast=Shiva+Kumar&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmobile.twitter.com%2Fsshivu%2Fstatus%2F1486294918997762048&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIru+Kodugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFஜானகி1993" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Sowcar_Janaki" title="Sowcar Janaki">ஜானகி, சௌகார்</a> (30 May 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/kalki1993-05-30/page/n64/mode/2up">"முத்திரை படம்; விசித்திர அனுபவம்!"</a> [Identity film, weird experience]. <i><a href="/wiki/Kalki_(magazine)" title="Kalki (magazine)">Kalki</a></i> (in Tamil). pp. 62–63. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20230805051408/https://archive.org/details/kalki1993-05-30/page/n63/mode/2up">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2023</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kalki&rft.atitle=%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88+%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%3B+%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0+%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%21&rft.pages=62-63&rft.date=1993-05-30&rft.aulast=%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF&rft.aufirst=%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8C%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkalki1993-05-30%2Fpage%2Fn64%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIru+Kodugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/1132211-iru-kodugal-movie.html">"இரு கோடுகள்: புன்னகை மன்னன் பூவிழிக் கண்ணன் ருக்மணிக்காக..."</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Tamil_Thisai" title="Hindu Tamil Thisai">Hindu Tamil Thisai</a></i> (in Tamil). 2 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231121131728/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/1132211-iru-kodugal-movie.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hindu+Tamil+Thisai&rft.atitle=%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81+%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%3A+%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88+%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D+%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D+%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D+%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95...&rft.date=2023-10-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindutamil.in%2Fnews%2Fcinema%2Ftamil-cinema%2F1132211-iru-kodugal-movie.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIru+Kodugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSrinivasan2009" class="citation news cs1">Srinivasan, Meera (15 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/significant-contribution-to-tamil-theatre-cinema/article20358.ece">"Significant contribution to Tamil theatre, cinema"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131214155445/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/significant-contribution-to-tamil-theatre-cinema/article20358.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 14 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Significant+contribution+to+Tamil+theatre%2C+cinema&rft.date=2009-09-15&rft.aulast=Srinivasan&rft.aufirst=Meera&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Ftamil-nadu%2Fsignificant-contribution-to-tamil-theatre-cinema%2Farticle20358.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIru+Kodugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090618135407/http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/moviedetail.asp?mid=T0001606">"Iru Kodugal (1969)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Raaga.com" title="Raaga.com">Raaga.com</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/moviedetail.asp?mid=t0001606">the original</a> on 18 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Raaga.com&rft.atitle=Iru+Kodugal+%281969%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.raaga.com%2Fchannels%2Ftamil%2Fmoviedetail.asp%3Fmid%3Dt0001606&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIru+Kodugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/iru-kodugal/7tFs-dnPabM_">"Iru Kodugal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/JioSaavn" title="JioSaavn">JioSaavn</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190506034235/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/iru-kodugal/7tFs-dnPabM_">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JioSaavn&rft.atitle=Iru+Kodugal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiosaavn.com%2Falbum%2Firu-kodugal%2F7tFs-dnPabM_&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIru+Kodugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19691002&printsec=frontpage&hl=en">"Iru Kodugal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a></i>. 2 October 1969. p. 5<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2018</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_News_Archive" title="Google News Archive">Google News Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Iru+Kodugal&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1969-10-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3DP9oYG7HA76QC%26dat%3D19691002%26printsec%3Dfrontpage%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIru+Kodugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19691004&printsec=frontpage&hl=en">"Cinema"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a></i>. 4 October 1969. p. 12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2019</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_News_Archive" title="Google News Archive">Google News Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Cinema&rft.pages=12&rft.date=1969-10-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3DP9oYG7HA76QC%26dat%3D19691004%26printsec%3Dfrontpage%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIru+Kodugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBharathi2013" class="citation news cs1">Bharathi, Veena (13 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deccanherald.com/content/362729/celebrating-big-screen-beauty.html">"Celebrating a big screen beauty"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deccan_Herald" title="Deccan Herald">Deccan Herald</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180307022628/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/362729/celebrating-big-screen-beauty.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deccan+Herald&rft.atitle=Celebrating+a+big+screen+beauty&rft.date=2013-10-13&rft.aulast=Bharathi&rft.aufirst=Veena&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deccanherald.com%2Fcontent%2F362729%2Fcelebrating-big-screen-beauty.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIru+Kodugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshok_Kumar2006" class="citation news cs1">Ashok Kumar, S. R. (25 December 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121105184139/http://www.hindu.com/2006/12/25/stories/2006122502790200.htm">"Still ready to act: Sowcar Janaki"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/2006/12/25/stories/2006122502790200.htm">the original</a> on 5 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Still+ready+to+act%3A+Sowcar+Janaki&rft.date=2006-12-25&rft.aulast=Ashok+Kumar&rft.aufirst=S.+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2F2006%2F12%2F25%2Fstories%2F2006122502790200.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIru+Kodugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6TU9AAAAYAAJ&q=kodugal"><i>India Who's who</i></a>. INFA Publications. 2000. pp. 282, 286.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+Who%27s+who&rft.pages=282%2C+286&rft.pub=INFA+Publications&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6TU9AAAAYAAJ%26q%3Dkodugal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIru+Kodugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/photos/entertainment/remembering-the-prodigy-10-most-memorable-films-of-k-balachander/photo-6k5EXh8cKOoan0pqY51bpL.html">"Remembering the prodigy: 10 most memorable films of K Balachander"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Times" title="Hindustan Times">Hindustan Times</a></i>. 2 January 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180405025157/https://www.hindustantimes.com/photos/entertainment/remembering-the-prodigy-10-most-memorable-films-of-k-balachander/photo-6k5EXh8cKOoan0pqY51bpL.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=Remembering+the+prodigy%3A+10+most+memorable+films+of+K+Balachander&rft.date=2015-01-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Fphotos%2Fentertainment%2Fremembering-the-prodigy-10-most-memorable-films-of-k-balachander%2Fphoto-6k5EXh8cKOoan0pqY51bpL.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIru+Kodugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRangarajan2014" class="citation news cs1">Rangarajan, Malathi (8 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/women-of-steel/article5761759.ece">"Women of Steel"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211220093042/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/women-of-steel/article5761759.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Women+of+Steel&rft.date=2014-03-08&rft.aulast=Rangarajan&rft.aufirst=Malathi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ftodays-paper%2Ftp-features%2Ftp-metroplus%2Fwomen-of-steel%2Farticle5761759.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIru+Kodugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSrinivasan2015" class="citation news cs1">Srinivasan, G. (22 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150502054539/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/rich-tributes-paid-to-balachander/article6810307.ece">"Rich tributes paid to Balachander"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/rich-tributes-paid-to-balachander/article6810307.ece">the original</a> on 2 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Rich+tributes+paid+to+Balachander&rft.date=2015-01-22&rft.aulast=Srinivasan&rft.aufirst=G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fcities%2FTiruchirapalli%2Frich-tributes-paid-to-balachander%2Farticle6810307.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIru+Kodugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/k-balachander-the-man-who-gave-us-rajinikanth-kamal-hassan-dies/articleshow/45622244.cms">"K Balachander: The man who gave us Rajinikanth, Kamal Hassan dies"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economic_Times" title="The Economic Times">The Economic Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Press_Trust_of_India" title="Press Trust of India">Press Trust of India</a>. 23 December 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160326020550/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/k-balachander-the-man-who-gave-us-rajinikanth-kamal-hassan-dies/articleshow/45622244.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=K+Balachander%3A+The+man+who+gave+us+Rajinikanth%2C+Kamal+Hassan+dies&rft.date=2014-12-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fmagazines%2Fpanache%2Fk-balachander-the-man-who-gave-us-rajinikanth-kamal-hassan-dies%2Farticleshow%2F45622244.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIru+Kodugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iru_Kodugal&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGanesh2011" class="citation book cs1">Ganesh, Narayani (2011). <i>Eternal Romantic: My Father, Gemini Ganesan</i>. <a href="/wiki/Roli_Books" title="Roli Books">Roli Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7436-578-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7436-578-1"><bdi>978-81-7436-578-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eternal+Romantic%3A+My+Father%2C+Gemini+Ganesan&rft.pub=Roli+Books&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-81-7436-578-1&rft.aulast=Ganesh&rft.aufirst=Narayani&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIru+Kodugal" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iru_Kodugal&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0154651/"><i>Iru Kodugal</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="K._Balachander" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:K._Balachander" title="Template:K. Balachander"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:K._Balachander" title="Template talk:K. Balachander"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:K._Balachander" title="Special:EditPage/Template:K. Balachander"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="K._Balachander" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/K._Balachander" title="K. Balachander">K. Balachander</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">As a<br />director</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Neerkumizhi" title="Neerkumizhi">Neerkumizhi</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Naanal_(film)" title="Naanal (film)">Naanal</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Major_Chandrakanth_(1966_film)" title="Major Chandrakanth (1966 film)">Major Chandrakanth</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bama_Vijayam_(1967_film)" title="Bama Vijayam (1967 film)">Bama Vijayam</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anubavi_Raja_Anubavi" title="Anubavi Raja Anubavi">Anubavi Raja Anubavi</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edhir_Neechal_(1968_film)" title="Edhir Neechal (1968 film)">Edhir Neechal</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thamarai_Nenjam" title="Thamarai Nenjam">Thamarai Nenjam</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhale_Kodallu" title="Bhale Kodallu">Bhale Kodallu</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Poova_Thalaiya_(1969_film)" title="Poova Thalaiya (1969 film)">Poova Thalaiya</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sattekalapu_Satteyya" title="Sattekalapu Satteyya">Sattekalapu Satteyya</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iru Kodugal</a></i> (1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Patham_Pasali" title="Patham Pasali">Patham Pasali</a></i> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ethiroli" title="Ethiroli">Ethiroli</a></i> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Navagraham" title="Navagraham">Navagraham</a></i> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kaviya_Thalaivi" title="Kaviya Thalaivi">Kaviya Thalaivi</a></i> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Naangu_Suvargal" title="Naangu Suvargal">Naangu Suvargal</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nootrukku_Nooru" title="Nootrukku Nooru">Nootrukku Nooru</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bomma_Borusa" title="Bomma Borusa">Bomma Borusa</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Punnagai" title="Punnagai">Punnagai</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kanna_Nalama" title="Kanna Nalama">Kanna Nalama</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Velli_Vizha" title="Velli Vizha">Velli Vizha</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arangetram_(1973_film)" title="Arangetram (1973 film)">Arangetram</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sollathaan_Ninaikkiren" title="Sollathaan Ninaikkiren">Sollathaan Ninaikkiren</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Naan_Avanillai_(1974_film)" title="Naan Avanillai (1974 film)">Naan Avanillai</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aval_Oru_Thodar_Kathai" title="Aval Oru Thodar Kathai">Aval Oru Thodar Kathai</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apoorva_Raagangal" title="Apoorva Raagangal">Apoorva Raagangal</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manmadha_Leelai_(1976_film)" title="Manmadha Leelai (1976 film)">Manmadha Leelai</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anthuleni_Katha" title="Anthuleni Katha">Anthuleni Katha</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moondru_Mudichu" title="Moondru Mudichu">Moondru Mudichu</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Avargal" title="Avargal">Avargal</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pattina_Pravesam" title="Pattina Pravesam">Pattina Pravesam</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aaina_(1977_film)" title="Aaina (1977 film)">Aaina</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nizhal_Nijamagiradhu" title="Nizhal Nijamagiradhu">Nizhal Nijamagiradhu</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maro_Charitra" title="Maro Charitra">Maro Charitra</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thappida_Thala" title="Thappida Thala"><i>Thappida Thala</i> / <i>Thappu Thalangal</i></a> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ninaithale_Inikkum_(1979_film)" title="Ninaithale Inikkum (1979 film)">Ninaithale Inikkum / Andamaina Anubhavam</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Idi_Katha_Kaadu" title="Idi Katha Kaadu">Idi Katha Kaadu</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nool_Veli" title="Nool Veli"><i>Nool Veli</i> / <i>Guppedu Manasu</i></a> (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Varumayin_Niram_Sivappu" title="Varumayin Niram Sivappu">Varumayin Niram Sivappu</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i>Aakali Rajyam</i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aadavaallu_Meeku_Joharlu_(1981_film)" title="Aadavaallu Meeku Joharlu (1981 film)">Aadavaallu Meeku Joharlu</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tholi_Kodi_Koosindi" title="Tholi Kodi Koosindi">Enga Ooru Kannagi</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tholi_Kodi_Koosindi" title="Tholi Kodi Koosindi">Tholi Kodi Koosindi</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thillu_Mullu" title="Thillu Mullu">Thillu Mullu</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ek_Duuje_Ke_Liye" title="Ek Duuje Ke Liye">Ek Duuje Ke Liye</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thanneer_Thanneer" title="Thanneer Thanneer">Thanneer Thanneer</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/47_Natkal" title="47 Natkal">47 Natkal</a></i> / <i><a href="/wiki/47_Natkal" title="47 Natkal">47 Rojulu</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agni_Sakshi_(1982_film)" title="Agni Sakshi (1982 film)">Agni Sakshi</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Benkiyalli_Aralida_Hoovu" title="Benkiyalli Aralida Hoovu">Benkiyalli Aralida Hoovu</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Poikkal_Kudhirai_(1983_film)" title="Poikkal Kudhirai (1983 film)">Poikkal Kudhirai</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zara_Si_Zindagi" title="Zara Si Zindagi">Zara Si Zindagi</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kokilamma" title="Kokilamma">Kokilamma</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ek_Nai_Paheli" title="Ek Nai Paheli">Ek Nai Paheli</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Achamillai_Achamillai" title="Achamillai Achamillai">Achamillai Achamillai</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eradu_Rekhegalu" title="Eradu Rekhegalu">Eradu Rekhegalu</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kalyana_Agathigal" title="Kalyana Agathigal">Kalyana Agathigal</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sindhu_Bhairavi_(film)" title="Sindhu Bhairavi (film)">Sindhu Bhairavi</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mugila_Mallige" title="Mugila Mallige">Mugila Mallige</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sundara_Swapnagalu" title="Sundara Swapnagalu">Sundara Swapnagalu</a></i> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Punnagai_Mannan" title="Punnagai Mannan">Punnagai Mannan</a></i> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manathil_Urudhi_Vendum" title="Manathil Urudhi Vendum">Manathil Urudhi Vendum</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rudraveena_(film)" title="Rudraveena (film)">Rudraveena</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unnal_Mudiyum_Thambi" title="Unnal Mudiyum Thambi">Unnal Mudiyum Thambi</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pudhu_Pudhu_Arthangal" title="Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal">Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal</a></i> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Oru_Veedu_Iru_Vaasal" title="Oru Veedu Iru Vaasal">Oru Veedu Iru Vaasal</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Azhagan" title="Azhagan">Azhagan</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vaaname_Ellai" title="Vaaname Ellai">Vaaname Ellai</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jaathi_Malli" title="Jaathi Malli">Jaathi Malli</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Duet_(1994_film)" title="Duet (1994 film)">Duet</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kalki_(1996_film)" title="Kalki (1996 film)">Kalki</a></i> (1996)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Paarthale_Paravasam" title="Paarthale Paravasam">Paarthale Paravasam</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Poi_(film)" title="Poi (film)">Poi</a></i> (2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writer only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Deiva_Thai" title="Deiva Thai">Deiva Thai</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Server_Sundaram" title="Server Sundaram">Server Sundaram</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Poojaikku_Vandha_Malar" title="Poojaikku Vandha Malar">Poojaikku Vandha Malar</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neela_Vaanam" title="Neela Vaanam">Neela Vaanam</a></i> (1965)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K._Balachander_filmography" title="K. Balachander filmography">Filmography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_K._Balachander" title="List of awards and nominations received by K. Balachander">Awards and nominations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavithalayaa_Productions" title="Kavithalayaa Productions">Kavithalayaa Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_Chandrakanth_(play)" title="Major Chandrakanth (play)"><i>Major Chandrakanth</i> (play)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Film_Award_for_Best_Tamil_Feature_Film" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #BDB76B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Film_Award_Best_Feature_Film_Tamil" title="Template:National Film Award Best Feature Film Tamil"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Film_Award_Best_Feature_Film_Tamil" title="Template talk:National Film Award Best Feature Film Tamil"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Film_Award_Best_Feature_Film_Tamil" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Film Award Best Feature Film Tamil"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Film_Award_for_Best_Tamil_Feature_Film" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Film_Award_for_Best_Tamil_Feature_Film" title="National Film Award for Best Tamil Feature Film">National Film Award for Best Tamil Feature Film</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%">1954–1960</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Malaikkallan" title="Malaikkallan">Malaikkallan</a></i> <a href="/wiki/2nd_National_Film_Awards" title="2nd National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1954)</span></a></li> <li> –  <a href="/wiki/3rd_National_Film_Awards" title="3rd National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1955)</span></a></li> <li> –  <a href="/wiki/4th_National_Film_Awards" title="4th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1956)</span></a></li> <li> –  <a href="/wiki/5th_National_Film_Awards" title="5th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1957)</span></a></li> <li> –  <a href="/wiki/6th_National_Film_Awards" title="6th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1958)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhaaga_Pirivinai" title="Bhaaga Pirivinai">Bhaaga Pirivinai</a></i> <a href="/wiki/7th_National_Film_Awards" title="7th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1959)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parthiban_Kanavu_(1960_film)" title="Parthiban Kanavu (1960 film)">Parthiban Kanavu</a></i> <a href="/wiki/8th_National_Film_Awards" title="8th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1960)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DFD98D;width:1%">Certificate of Merit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Andha_Naal" title="Andha Naal">Andha Naal</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Edhir_Paradhathu" title="Edhir Paradhathu">Edhir Paradhathu</a></i> <a href="/wiki/2nd_National_Film_Awards" title="2nd National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1954)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mangaiyar_Thilakam" title="Mangaiyar Thilakam">Mangaiyar Thilakam</a></i> <a href="/wiki/3rd_National_Film_Awards" title="3rd National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1955)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kula_Deivam_(1956_film)" title="Kula Deivam (1956 film)">Kula Deivam</a></i> <a href="/wiki/4th_National_Film_Awards" title="4th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1956)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mudhalali" title="Mudhalali">Mudhalali</a></i> <a href="/wiki/5th_National_Film_Awards" title="5th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1957)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thanga_Padhumai" title="Thanga Padhumai">Thanga Padhumai</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Annaiyin_Aanai" title="Annaiyin Aanai">Annaiyin Aanai</a></i> <a href="/wiki/6th_National_Film_Awards" title="6th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1958)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Veerapandiya_Kattabomman_(film)" title="Veerapandiya Kattabomman (film)">Veerapandiya Kattabomman</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Kalyana_Parisu" title="Kalyana Parisu">Kalyana Parisu</a></i> <a href="/wiki/7th_National_Film_Awards" title="7th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1959)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paadhai_Theriyudhu_Paar" title="Paadhai Theriyudhu Paar">Paadhai Theriyudhu Paar</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Kalathur_Kannamma" title="Kalathur Kannamma">Kalathur Kannamma</a></i> <a href="/wiki/8th_National_Film_Awards" title="8th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1960)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%">1961–1980</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kappalottiya_Thamizhan" title="Kappalottiya Thamizhan">Kappalottiya Thamizhan</a></i> <a href="/wiki/9th_National_Film_Awards" title="9th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1961)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nenjil_Or_Aalayam" title="Nenjil Or Aalayam">Nenjil Or Aalayam</a></i> <a href="/wiki/10th_National_Film_Awards" title="10th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1962)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Naanum_Oru_Penn" title="Naanum Oru Penn">Naanum Oru Penn</a></i> <a href="/wiki/11th_National_Film_Awards" title="11th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1963)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kai_Kodutha_Deivam" title="Kai Kodutha Deivam">Kai Kodutha Deivam</a></i> <a href="/wiki/12th_National_Film_Awards" title="12th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1964)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kuzhandaiyum_Deivamum" title="Kuzhandaiyum Deivamum">Kuzhandaiyum Deivamum</a></i> <a href="/wiki/13th_National_Film_Awards" title="13th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1965)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramu_(1966_film)" title="Ramu (1966 film)">Ramu</a></i> <a href="/wiki/14th_National_Film_Awards" title="14th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1966)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aalayam_(film)" title="Aalayam (film)">Aalayam</a></i> <a href="/wiki/15th_National_Film_Awards" title="15th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1967)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thillana_Mohanambal" title="Thillana Mohanambal">Thillana Mohanambal</a></i> <a href="/wiki/16th_National_Film_Awards" title="16th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1968)</span></a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iru Kodugal</a></i> <a href="/wiki/17th_National_Film_Awards" title="17th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1969)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Raman_Ethanai_Ramanadi" title="Raman Ethanai Ramanadi">Raman Ethanai Ramanadi</a></i> <a href="/wiki/18th_National_Film_Awards" title="18th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1970)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Veguli_Penn" title="Veguli Penn">Veguli Penn</a></i> <a href="/wiki/19th_National_Film_Awards" title="19th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1971)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pattikada_Pattanama" title="Pattikada Pattanama">Pattikada Pattanama</a></i> <a href="/wiki/20th_National_Film_Awards" title="20th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1972)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dikkatra_Parvathi" title="Dikkatra Parvathi">Dikkatra Parvathi</a></i> <a href="/wiki/21st_National_Film_Awards" title="21st National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1973)</span></a></li> <li> –  <a href="/wiki/22nd_National_Film_Awards" title="22nd National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1974)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apoorva_Raagangal" title="Apoorva Raagangal">Apoorva Raagangal</a></i> <a href="/wiki/23rd_National_Film_Awards" title="23rd National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1975)</span></a></li> <li> –  <a href="/wiki/24th_National_Film_Awards" title="24th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1976)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agraharathil_Kazhutai" title="Agraharathil Kazhutai">Agraharathil Kazhutai</a></i> <a href="/wiki/25th_National_Film_Awards" title="25th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1977)</span></a></li> <li> –  <a href="/wiki/26th_National_Film_Awards" title="26th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1978)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pasi_(film)" title="Pasi (film)">Pasi</a></i> <a href="/wiki/27th_National_Film_Awards" title="27th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1979)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nenjathai_Killathe" title="Nenjathai Killathe">Nenjathai Killathe</a></i> <a href="/wiki/28th_National_Film_Awards" title="28th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1980)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DFD98D;width:1%">Certificate of Merit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pasamalar" title="Pasamalar">Pasamalar</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Kumudham" title="Kumudham">Kumudham</a></i> <a href="/wiki/9th_National_Film_Awards" title="9th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1961)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Annai_(1962_film)" title="Annai (1962 film)">Annai</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Sarada_(1962_film)" title="Sarada (1962 film)">Sarada</a></i> <a href="/wiki/10th_National_Film_Awards" title="10th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1962)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Karpagam" title="Karpagam">Karpagam</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Karnan_(1964_film)" title="Karnan (1964 film)">Karnan</a></i> <a href="/wiki/11th_National_Film_Awards" title="11th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1963)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Server_Sundaram" title="Server Sundaram">Server Sundaram</a></i> <a href="/wiki/12th_National_Film_Awards" title="12th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1964)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thiruvilaiyadal" title="Thiruvilaiyadal">Thiruvilaiyadal</a></i> <a href="/wiki/13th_National_Film_Awards" title="13th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1965)</span></a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">Discontinued after 1965</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%">1981–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Thanneer_Thanneer" title="Thanneer Thanneer">Thanneer Thanneer</a></i> <a href="/wiki/29th_National_Film_Awards" title="29th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1981)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ezhavathu_Manithan" title="Ezhavathu Manithan">Ezhavathu Manithan</a></i> <a href="/wiki/30th_National_Film_Awards" title="30th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1982)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oru_Indhiya_Kanavu" title="Oru Indhiya Kanavu">Oru Indhiya Kanavu</a></i> <a href="/wiki/31st_National_Film_Awards" title="31st National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1983)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Achamillai_Achamillai" title="Achamillai Achamillai">Achamillai Achamillai</a></i> <a href="/wiki/32nd_National_Film_Awards" title="32nd National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1984)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muthal_Mariyathai" title="Muthal Mariyathai">Muthal Mariyathai</a></i> <a href="/wiki/33rd_National_Film_Awards" title="33rd National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1985)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mouna_Ragam" title="Mouna Ragam">Mouna Ragam</a></i> <a href="/wiki/34th_National_Film_Awards" title="34th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1986)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Veedu" title="Veedu">Veedu</a></i> <a href="/wiki/35th_National_Film_Awards" title="35th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1987)</span></a></li> <li> –  <a href="/wiki/36th_National_Film_Awards" title="36th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1988)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pudhea_Paadhai" title="Pudhea Paadhai">Pudhea Paadhai</a></i> <a href="/wiki/37th_National_Film_Awards" title="37th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1989)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anjali_(1990_film)" title="Anjali (1990 film)">Anjali</a></i> <a href="/wiki/38th_National_Film_Awards" title="38th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1990)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vanna_Vanna_Pookkal" title="Vanna Vanna Pookkal">Vanna Vanna Pookkal</a></i> <a href="/wiki/39th_National_Film_Awards" title="39th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1991)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thevar_Magan" title="Thevar Magan">Thevar Magan</a></i> <a href="/wiki/40th_National_Film_Awards" title="40th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1992)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahanadhi_(1994_film)" title="Mahanadhi (1994 film)">Mahanadhi</a></i> <a href="/wiki/41st_National_Film_Awards" title="41st National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1993)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nammavar" title="Nammavar">Nammavar</a></i> <a href="/wiki/42nd_National_Film_Awards" title="42nd National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1994)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anthimanthaarai" title="Anthimanthaarai">Anthimanthaarai</a></i> <a href="/wiki/43rd_National_Film_Awards" title="43rd National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1995)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kadhal_Kottai" title="Kadhal Kottai">Kadhal Kottai</a></i> <a href="/wiki/44th_National_Film_Awards" title="44th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1996)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Terrorist_(1998_film)" title="The Terrorist (1998 film)">The Terrorist</a></i> <a href="/wiki/45th_National_Film_Awards" title="45th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1997)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/House_Full_(1999_film)" title="House Full (1999 film)">House Full</a></i> <a href="/wiki/46th_National_Film_Awards" title="46th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1998)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sethu_(film)" title="Sethu (film)">Sethu</a></i> <a href="/wiki/47th_National_Film_Awards" title="47th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1999)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bharathi_(2000_film)" title="Bharathi (2000 film)">Bharati</a></i> <a href="/wiki/48th_National_Film_Awards" title="48th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2000)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%">2001–2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ooruku_Nooruper" title="Ooruku Nooruper">Ooruku Nooruper</a></i> <a href="/wiki/49th_National_Film_Awards" title="49th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2001)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kannathil_Muthamittal" title="Kannathil Muthamittal">Kannathil Muthamittal</a></i> <a href="/wiki/50th_National_Film_Awards" title="50th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2002)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iyarkai" title="Iyarkai">Iyarkai</a></i> <a href="/wiki/51st_National_Film_Awards" title="51st National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2003)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Navarasa_(film)" title="Navarasa (film)">Navarasa</a></i> <a href="/wiki/52nd_National_Film_Awards" title="52nd National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2004)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aadum_Koothu" title="Aadum Koothu">Aadum Koothu</a></i> <a href="/wiki/53rd_National_Film_Awards" title="53rd National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2005)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Veyil_(2006_film)" title="Veyil (2006 film)">Veyil</a></i> <a href="/wiki/54th_National_Film_Awards" title="54th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2006)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Periyar_(2007_film)" title="Periyar (2007 film)">Periyar</a></i> <a href="/wiki/55th_National_Film_Awards" title="55th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2007)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vaaranam_Aayiram" title="Vaaranam Aayiram">Vaaranam Aayiram</a></i> <a href="/wiki/56th_National_Film_Awards" title="56th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2008)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pasanga" title="Pasanga">Pasanga</a></i> <a href="/wiki/57th_National_Film_Awards" title="57th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2009)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thenmerku_Paruvakaatru" title="Thenmerku Paruvakaatru">Thenmerku Paruvakaatru</a></i> <a href="/wiki/58th_National_Film_Awards" title="58th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2010)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vaagai_Sooda_Vaa" title="Vaagai Sooda Vaa">Vaagai Sooda Vaa</a></i> <a href="/wiki/59th_National_Film_Awards" title="59th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2011)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vazhakku_Enn_18/9" title="Vazhakku Enn 18/9">Vazhakku Enn 18/9</a></i> <a href="/wiki/60th_National_Film_Awards" title="60th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2012)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thanga_Meenkal" title="Thanga Meenkal">Thanga Meenkal</a></i> <a href="/wiki/61st_National_Film_Awards" title="61st National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2013)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kuttram_Kadithal" title="Kuttram Kadithal">Kuttram Kadithal</a></i> <a href="/wiki/62nd_National_Film_Awards" title="62nd National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2014)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Visaranai" title="Visaranai">Visaranai</a></i> <a href="/wiki/63rd_National_Film_Awards" title="63rd National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2015)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Joker_(2016_film)" title="Joker (2016 film)">Joker</a></i> <a href="/wiki/64th_National_Film_Awards" title="64th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2016)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/To_Let_(film)" title="To Let (film)">To Let</a></i> <a href="/wiki/65th_National_Film_Awards" title="65th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2017)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baaram" title="Baaram">Baaram</a></i> <a href="/wiki/66th_National_Film_Awards" title="66th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2018)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Asuran_(2019_film)" title="Asuran (2019 film)">Asuran</a></i> <a href="/wiki/67th_National_Film_Awards" title="67th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2019)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sivaranjiniyum_Innum_Sila_Pengalum" title="Sivaranjiniyum Innum Sila Pengalum">Sivaranjiniyum Innum Sila Pengalum</a></i> <a href="/wiki/68th_National_Film_Awards" title="68th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2020)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%">2021–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kadaisi_Vivasayi" title="Kadaisi Vivasayi">Kadaisi Vivasayi</a></i> <a href="/wiki/69th_National_Film_Awards" title="69th National Film Awards"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2021)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tamil_Nadu_State_Film_Award_for_Best_Actress" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tamil_Nadu_State_Film_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Template:Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actress"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tamil_Nadu_State_Film_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Template talk:Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actress"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tamil_Nadu_State_Film_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actress"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tamil_Nadu_State_Film_Award_for_Best_Actress" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu_State_Film_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actress">Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actress</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1967–1980</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K._R._Vijaya" title="K. R. Vijaya">K. R. Vijaya</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmini_(actress)" title="Padmini (actress)">Padmini</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sowcar_Janaki" title="Sowcar Janaki">Sowcar Janaki</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._R._Vijaya" title="K. R. Vijaya">K. R. Vijaya</a> (1970)</li> <li>— (1971)</li> <li>— (1972)</li> <li>— (1973)</li> <li>— (1974)</li> <li>— (1975)</li> <li>— (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latha_(actress)" title="Latha (actress)">Latha</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi_(actress)" title="Lakshmi (actress)">Lakshmi</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saritha" title="Saritha">Saritha</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suhasini_Maniratnam" title="Suhasini Maniratnam">Suhasini</a> (1980)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sridevi" title="Sridevi">Sridevi</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saritha" title="Saritha">Saritha</a> (1982)</li> <li>— (1983)</li> <li>— (1984)</li> <li>— (1985)</li> <li>— (1986)</li> <li>— (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saritha" title="Saritha">Saritha</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radhika_Sarathkumar" title="Radhika Sarathkumar">Radhika</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revathi" title="Revathi">Revathy</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khushbu_Sundar" title="Khushbu Sundar">Khushbu Sundar</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukanya_(actress)" title="Sukanya (actress)">Sukanya</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meena_(actress)" title="Meena (actress)">Meena</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajashree_(actress)" title="Rajashree (actress)">Rajashree</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khushbu_Sundar" title="Khushbu Sundar">Khushbu Sundar</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shruti_(actress)" title="Shruti (actress)">Shruti</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meena_(actress)" title="Meena (actress)">Meena</a> & <a href="/wiki/Devayani_(actress)" title="Devayani (actress)">Devayani</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roja_Selvamani" title="Roja Selvamani">Roja</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simran_(actress)" title="Simran (actress)">Simran</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devayani_(actress)" title="Devayani (actress)">Devayani</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sneha_(actress)" title="Sneha (actress)">Sneha</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meena_(actress)" title="Meena (actress)">Meena</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laila_(actress)" title="Laila (actress)">Laila</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyothika" title="Jyothika">Jyothika</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyothika" title="Jyothika">Jyothika</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priyamani" title="Priyamani">Priyamani</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyothika" title="Jyothika">Jyothika</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sneha_(actress)" title="Sneha (actress)">Sneha</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmapriya_Janakiraman" title="Padmapriya Janakiraman">Padmapriya Janakiraman</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amala_Paul" title="Amala Paul">Amala Paul</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ineya" title="Ineya">Ineya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi_Menon_(actress)" title="Lakshmi Menon (actress)">Lakshmi Menon</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayanthara" title="Nayanthara">Nayanthara</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aishwarya_Rajesh" title="Aishwarya Rajesh">Aishwarya Rajesh</a> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iru_Kodugal&oldid=1235809482">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iru_Kodugal&oldid=1235809482</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1969_films" title="Category:1969 films">1969 films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1960s_Indian_films" title="Category:1960s Indian films">1960s Indian films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1960s_Tamil-language_films" title="Category:1960s Tamil-language films">1960s Tamil-language films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1969_drama_films" title="Category:1969 drama films">1969 drama films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Best_Tamil_Feature_Film_National_Film_Award_winners" title="Category:Best Tamil Feature Film National Film Award winners">Best Tamil Feature Film National Film Award winners</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fiction_about_polygamy" title="Category:Fiction about polygamy">Fiction about polygamy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_directed_by_K._Balachander" title="Category:Films directed by K. Balachander">Films directed by K. Balachander</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_scored_by_V._Kumar" title="Category:Films scored by V. Kumar">Films scored by V. Kumar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_with_screenplays_by_K._Balachander" title="Category:Films with screenplays by K. Balachander">Films with screenplays by K. Balachander</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_drama_films" title="Category:Indian drama films">Indian drama films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_films_based_on_plays" title="Category:Indian films based on plays">Indian films based on plays</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tamil_films_remade_in_other_languages" title="Category:Tamil films remade in other languages">Tamil films remade in other languages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tamil-language_Indian_films" title="Category:Tamil-language Indian films">Tamil-language Indian films</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Tamil-language_sources_(ta)" title="Category:CS1 Tamil-language sources (ta)">CS1 Tamil-language sources (ta)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_Indian_English_from_March_2018" title="Category:Use Indian English from March 2018">Use Indian English from March 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Indian_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English">All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_July_2024" title="Category:Use dmy dates from July 2024">Use dmy dates from July 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Template_film_date_with_1_release_date" title="Category:Template film date with 1 release date">Template film date with 1 release date</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 July 2024, at 10:01<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iru_Kodugal&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6df7948d6c-ctjcj","wgBackendResponseTime":921,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.602","walltime":"0.753","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3392,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":138605,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4907,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":98257,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 644.503 1 -total"," 30.39% 195.876 1 Template:Reflist"," 21.11% 136.041 6 Template:Navbox"," 19.76% 127.350 12 Template:Cite_news"," 14.24% 91.806 1 Template:K._Balachander"," 13.86% 89.334 1 Template:Infobox_film"," 12.49% 80.490 1 Template:Short_description"," 11.38% 73.315 1 Template:Infobox"," 8.72% 56.178 1 Template:IMDb_title"," 7.27% 46.877 1 Template:Sfn"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.344","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7872637,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAshok_Kumar2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBharathi2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGanesh2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurugesan2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRangan2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRangarajan2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRangarajan2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShiva_Kumar1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSrinivasan2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSrinivasan2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFஜானகி1993\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Based on\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 12,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 5,\n [\"Film date\"] = 1,\n [\"IMDb title\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox film\"] = 1,\n [\"K. Balachander\"] = 1,\n [\"NationalFilmAwardBestFeatureFilmTamil\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"TamilNaduStateFilmAwardBestActress\"] = 1,\n [\"Translation\"] = 1,\n [\"Use Indian English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6df7948d6c-ctjcj","timestamp":"20241127155404","ttl":3600,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Iru Kodugal","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iru_Kodugal","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6073974","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6073974","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2009-03-17T06:59:58Z","dateModified":"2024-07-21T10:01:57Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/6\/64\/Iru_Kodugal.jpg","headline":"1969 Tamil film directed by K. Balachander"}</script> </body> </html>