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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" class="no-js"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"> <meta name="access" content="No"> <meta name="360-site-verification" content="1268d79b5e96aecf3ff2a7dac04ad990" /> <title>Induced systemic resistance (ISR) in plants: mechanism of action | Indian Journal of Microbiology </title> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@SpringerLink"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="Content cover image"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Induced systemic resistance (ISR) in plants: mechanism of action"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Indian Journal of Microbiology - Plants possess a range of active defense apparatuses that can be actively expressed in response to biotic stresses (pathogens and parasites) of various scales..."/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/cover-hires/journal/12088"/> <meta name="journal_id" content="12088"/> <meta name="dc.title" content="Induced systemic resistance (ISR) in plants: mechanism of action"/> <meta name="dc.source" content="Indian Journal of Microbiology 2007 47:4"/> <meta name="dc.format" content="text/html"/> <meta name="dc.publisher" content="Springer"/> <meta name="dc.date" content="2008-01-11"/> <meta name="dc.type" content="ReviewPaper"/> <meta name="dc.language" content="En"/> <meta name="dc.copyright" content="2007 Association of Microbiologists of India"/> <meta name="dc.rights" content="2007 Association of Microbiologists of India"/> <meta name="dc.rightsAgent" content="journalpermissions@springernature.com"/> <meta name="dc.description" content="Plants possess a range of active defense apparatuses that can be actively expressed in response to biotic stresses (pathogens and parasites) of various scales (ranging from microscopic viruses to phytophagous insect). The timing of this defense response is critical and reflects on the difference between coping and succumbing to such biotic challenge of necrotizing pathogens/parasites. If defense mechanisms are triggered by a stimulus prior to infection by a plant pathogen, disease can be reduced. Induced resistance is a state of enhanced defensive capacity developed by a plant when appropriately stimulated. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and induced systemic resistance (ISR) are two forms of induced resistance wherein plant defenses are preconditioned by prior infection or treatment that results in resistance against subsequent challenge by a pathogen or parasite. Selected strains of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) suppress diseases by antagonism between the bacteria and soil-borne pathogens as well as by inducing a systemic resistance in plant against both root and foliar pathogens. Rhizobacteria mediated ISR resembles that of pathogen induced SAR in that both types of induced resistance render uninfected plant parts more resistant towards a broad spectrum of plant pathogens. Several rhizobacteria trigger the salicylic acid (SA)-dependent SAR pathway by producing SA at the root surface whereas other rhizobacteria trigger different signaling pathway independent of SA. The existence of SA-independent ISR pathway has been studied in Arabidopsis thaliana, which is dependent on jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene signaling. Specific Pseudomonas strains induce systemic resistance in viz., carnation, cucumber, radish, tobacco, and Arabidopsis, as evidenced by an enhanced defensive capacity upon challenge inoculation. Combination of ISR and SAR can increase protection against pathogens that are resisted through both pathways besides extended protection to a broader spectrum of pathogens than ISR/SAR alone. Beside Pseudomonas strains, ISR is conducted by Bacillus spp. wherein published results show that several specific strains of species B. amyloliquifaciens, B. subtilis, B. pasteurii, B. cereus, B. pumilus, B. mycoides, and B.sphaericus elicit significant reduction in the incidence or severity of various diseases on a diversity of hosts."/> <meta name="prism.issn" content="0973-7715"/> <meta name="prism.publicationName" content="Indian Journal of Microbiology"/> <meta name="prism.publicationDate" content="2008-01-11"/> <meta name="prism.volume" content="47"/> <meta name="prism.number" content="4"/> <meta name="prism.section" content="ReviewPaper"/> <meta name="prism.startingPage" content="289"/> <meta name="prism.endingPage" content="297"/> <meta name="prism.copyright" content="2007 Association of Microbiologists of India"/> <meta name="prism.rightsAgent" content="journalpermissions@springernature.com"/> <meta name="prism.url" content="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12088-007-0054-2"/> <meta name="prism.doi" content="doi:10.1007/s12088-007-0054-2"/> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12088-007-0054-2.pdf"/> <meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12088-007-0054-2"/> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Indian Journal of Microbiology"/> <meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="Indian J Microbiol"/> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Springer-Verlag"/> <meta name="citation_issn" content="0973-7715"/> <meta name="citation_title" content="Induced systemic resistance (ISR) in plants: mechanism of action"/> <meta name="citation_volume" content="47"/> <meta name="citation_issue" content="4"/> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2007/12"/> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2008/01/11"/> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="289"/> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="297"/> <meta name="citation_article_type" content="Review"/> <meta name="citation_language" content="en"/> <meta name="dc.identifier" content="doi:10.1007/s12088-007-0054-2"/> <meta name="DOI" content="10.1007/s12088-007-0054-2"/> <meta name="size" content="146134"/> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1007/s12088-007-0054-2"/> <meta name="citation_springer_api_url" content="http://api.springer.com/xmldata/jats?q=doi:10.1007/s12088-007-0054-2&api_key="/> <meta name="description" content="Plants possess a range of active defense apparatuses that can be actively expressed in response to biotic stresses (pathogens and parasites) of various sca"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Choudhary, Devendra K."/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Prakash, Anil"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Johri, B. 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Anderson; citation_volume=63; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=27-34; citation_doi=10.1016/j.pmpp.2003.09.002; citation_id=CR50"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Plant Cell; citation_title=SR in Arabidopsis induced by biocontrol bacteria independent of SA accumulation and PRs expression; citation_author=C.M.J. Pieterse, S.C.M. Wees, E. Hoffland, J.A. Pelt, L.C. Loon; citation_volume=8; citation_publication_date=1996; citation_pages=1225-1237; citation_doi=10.1105/tpc.8.8.1225; citation_id=CR51"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Phytopathol; citation_title=Induced systemic protection against tomato late blight elicited by PGPR; citation_author=Z. Yan, M.S. Reddy, C.M. Ryu, J.A. Mc Inroy, M. Wilson, J.W. Kloepper; citation_volume=92; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_pages=1329-1333; citation_doi=10.1094/PHYTO.2002.92.12.1329; citation_id=CR52"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Choudhary, Devendra K."/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Biotechnology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Prakash, Anil"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Biotechnology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Johri, B. N."/> <meta name="citation_author_email" content="devmicro@rediffmail.com"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Biotechnology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India"/> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"/> <meta name="citation_cover_date" content="2007/12/01"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12088-007-0054-2"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="SpringerLink"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Induced systemic resistance (ISR) in plants: mechanism of action - Indian Journal of Microbiology"/> <meta property="og:description" content="Plants possess a range of active defense apparatuses that can be actively expressed in response to biotic stresses (pathogens and parasites) of various scales (ranging from microscopic viruses to phytophagous insect). The timing of this defense response is critical and reflects on the difference between coping and succumbing to such biotic challenge of necrotizing pathogens/parasites. If defense mechanisms are triggered by a stimulus prior to infection by a plant pathogen, disease can be reduced. Induced resistance is a state of enhanced defensive capacity developed by a plant when appropriately stimulated. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and induced systemic resistance (ISR) are two forms of induced resistance wherein plant defenses are preconditioned by prior infection or treatment that results in resistance against subsequent challenge by a pathogen or parasite. Selected strains of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) suppress diseases by antagonism between the bacteria and soil-borne pathogens as well as by inducing a systemic resistance in plant against both root and foliar pathogens. Rhizobacteria mediated ISR resembles that of pathogen induced SAR in that both types of induced resistance render uninfected plant parts more resistant towards a broad spectrum of plant pathogens. Several rhizobacteria trigger the salicylic acid (SA)-dependent SAR pathway by producing SA at the root surface whereas other rhizobacteria trigger different signaling pathway independent of SA. The existence of SA-independent ISR pathway has been studied in Arabidopsis thaliana, which is dependent on jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene signaling. Specific Pseudomonas strains induce systemic resistance in viz., carnation, cucumber, radish, tobacco, and Arabidopsis, as evidenced by an enhanced defensive capacity upon challenge inoculation. Combination of ISR and SAR can increase protection against pathogens that are resisted through both pathways besides extended protection to a broader spectrum of pathogens than ISR/SAR alone. Beside Pseudomonas strains, ISR is conducted by Bacillus spp. wherein published results show that several specific strains of species B. amyloliquifaciens, B. subtilis, B. pasteurii, B. cereus, B. pumilus, B. mycoides, and B.sphaericus elicit significant reduction in the incidence or severity of various diseases on a diversity of hosts."/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/cover-hires/journal/12088"/> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/apple-touch-icon-92e819bf8a.png> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/android-chrome-192x192-6f081ca7e5.png> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/favicon-32x32-1435da3e82.png> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/favicon-16x16-ed57f42bd2.png> <link 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The timing of this defense response is critical and reflects on the difference between coping and succumbing to such biotic challenge of necrotizing pathogens/parasites. If defense mechanisms are triggered by a stimulus prior to infection by a plant pathogen, disease can be reduced. Induced resistance is a state of enhanced defensive capacity developed by a plant when appropriately stimulated. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and induced systemic resistance (ISR) are two forms of induced resistance wherein plant defenses are preconditioned by prior infection or treatment that results in resistance against subsequent challenge by a pathogen or parasite. Selected strains of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) suppress diseases by antagonism between the bacteria and soil-borne pathogens as well as by inducing a systemic resistance in plant against both root and foliar pathogens. Rhizobacteria mediated ISR resembles that of pathogen induced SAR in that both types of induced resistance render uninfected plant parts more resistant towards a broad spectrum of plant pathogens. Several rhizobacteria trigger the salicylic acid (SA)-dependent SAR pathway by producing SA at the root surface whereas other rhizobacteria trigger different signaling pathway independent of SA. The existence of SA-independent ISR pathway has been studied in Arabidopsis thaliana, which is dependent on jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene signaling. Specific Pseudomonas strains induce systemic resistance in viz., carnation, cucumber, radish, tobacco, and Arabidopsis, as evidenced by an enhanced defensive capacity upon challenge inoculation. Combination of ISR and SAR can increase protection against pathogens that are resisted through both pathways besides extended protection to a broader spectrum of pathogens than ISR/SAR alone. Beside Pseudomonas strains, ISR is conducted by Bacillus spp. wherein published results show that several specific strains of species B. amyloliquifaciens, B. subtilis, B. pasteurii, B. cereus, B. pumilus, B. mycoides, and B.sphaericus elicit significant reduction in the incidence or severity of various diseases on a diversity of hosts.","datePublished":"2008-01-11T00:00:00Z","dateModified":"2008-01-11T00:00:00Z","pageStart":"289","pageEnd":"297","sameAs":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-007-0054-2","keywords":["Induced systemic resistance","SAR","Signalling and expression","Jasmonate and ethylene signalling","Pathogenesis-related proteins","Microbiology","Medical Microbiology"],"image":[],"isPartOf":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology","issn":["0973-7715","0046-8991"],"volumeNumber":"47","@type":["Periodical","PublicationVolume"]},"publisher":{"name":"Springer-Verlag","logo":{"url":"https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.png","@type":"ImageObject"},"@type":"Organization"},"author":[{"name":"Devendra K. Choudhary","affiliation":[{"name":"Barkatullah University","address":{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Anil Prakash","affiliation":[{"name":"Barkatullah University","address":{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"B. N. Johri","affiliation":[{"name":"Barkatullah University","address":{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"email":"devmicro@rediffmail.com","@type":"Person"}],"isAccessibleForFree":false,"hasPart":{"isAccessibleForFree":false,"cssSelector":".main-content","@type":"WebPageElement"},"@type":"ScholarlyArticle"},"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"WebPage"}</script> </head> <body class="" >  <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MRVXSHQ" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript>   <noscript data-test="gtm-body"> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MRVXSHQ" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript>  <div class="u-visually-hidden" aria-hidden="true" data-test="darwin-icons"> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" 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class="app-article-masthead__journal-title">Indian Journal of Microbiology</span> </a> <a href="https://link.springer.com/journal/12088/aims-and-scope" class="app-article-masthead__submission-link" data-track="click_aims_and_scope" data-track-action="aims and scope" data-track-context="article page" data-track-label="link"> Aims and scope <svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use></svg> </a> <a href="https://www.editorialmanager.com/injm/" class="app-article-masthead__submission-link" data-track="click_submit_manuscript" data-track-context="article masthead on springerlink article page" data-track-action="submit manuscript" data-track-label="link"> Submit manuscript <svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use></svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="c-article-main u-container u-mt-24 u-mb-32 l-with-sidebar" id="main-content" data-component="article-container"> <main class="u-serif js-main-column" data-track-component="article body"> <div class="c-article-header"> <header> <ul class="c-article-author-list c-article-author-list--short" data-test="authors-list" data-component-authors-activator="authors-list"><li class="c-article-author-list__item"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Devendra_K_-Choudhary-Aff1" data-author-popup="auth-Devendra_K_-Choudhary-Aff1" data-author-search="Choudhary, Devendra K.">Devendra K. Choudhary</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Anil-Prakash-Aff1" data-author-popup="auth-Anil-Prakash-Aff1" data-author-search="Prakash, Anil">Anil Prakash</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a></sup> & </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-B__N_-Johri-Aff1" data-author-popup="auth-B__N_-Johri-Aff1" data-author-search="Johri, B. N." data-corresp-id="c1">B. N. Johri<svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-mail-medium"></use></svg></a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a></sup> </li></ul> <div data-test="article-metrics"> <ul class="app-article-metrics-bar u-list-reset"> <li class="app-article-metrics-bar__item"> <p class="app-article-metrics-bar__count"><svg class="u-icon app-article-metrics-bar__icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-accesses-medium"></use> </svg>5043 <span class="app-article-metrics-bar__label">Accesses</span></p> </li> <li class="app-article-metrics-bar__item"> <p class="app-article-metrics-bar__count"><svg class="u-icon app-article-metrics-bar__icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-altmetric-medium"></use> </svg>13 <span class="app-article-metrics-bar__label">Altmetric</span></p> </li> <li class="app-article-metrics-bar__item"> <p class="app-article-metrics-bar__count"><svg class="u-icon app-article-metrics-bar__icon app-article-metrics-bar__icon--mentions" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-mentions-medium"></use> </svg>1 <span class="app-article-metrics-bar__label">Mention</span></p> </li> <li class="app-article-metrics-bar__item app-article-metrics-bar__item--metrics"> <p class="app-article-metrics-bar__details"><a href="/article/10.1007/s12088-007-0054-2/metrics" data-track="click" data-track-action="view metrics" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Explore all metrics <svg class="u-icon app-article-metrics-bar__arrow-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use> </svg></a></p> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="u-mt-32"> </div> </header> </div> <div data-article-body="true" data-track-component="article body" class="c-article-body"> <section aria-labelledby="Abs1" data-title="Abstract" lang="en"><div class="c-article-section" id="Abs1-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="Abs1">Abstract</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="Abs1-content"><p>Plants possess a range of active defense apparatuses that can be actively expressed in response to biotic stresses (pathogens and parasites) of various scales (ranging from microscopic viruses to phytophagous insect). The timing of this defense response is critical and reflects on the difference between coping and succumbing to such biotic challenge of necrotizing pathogens/parasites. If defense mechanisms are triggered by a stimulus prior to infection by a plant pathogen, disease can be reduced. Induced resistance is a state of enhanced defensive capacity developed by a plant when appropriately stimulated. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and induced systemic resistance (ISR) are two forms of induced resistance wherein plant defenses are preconditioned by prior infection or treatment that results in resistance against subsequent challenge by a pathogen or parasite. Selected strains of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) suppress diseases by antagonism between the bacteria and soil-borne pathogens as well as by inducing a systemic resistance in plant against both root and foliar pathogens. Rhizobacteria mediated ISR resembles that of pathogen induced SAR in that both types of induced resistance render uninfected plant parts more resistant towards a broad spectrum of plant pathogens. Several rhizobacteria trigger the salicylic acid (SA)-dependent SAR pathway by producing SA at the root surface whereas other rhizobacteria trigger different signaling pathway independent of SA. The existence of SA-independent ISR pathway has been studied in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>, which is dependent on jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene signaling. Specific <i>Pseudomonas</i> strains induce systemic resistance in viz., carnation, cucumber, radish, tobacco, and <i>Arabidopsis</i>, as evidenced by an enhanced defensive capacity upon challenge inoculation. Combination of ISR and SAR can increase protection against pathogens that are resisted through both pathways besides extended protection to a broader spectrum of pathogens than ISR/SAR alone. Beside <i>Pseudomonas</i> strains, ISR is conducted by <i>Bacillus</i> spp. wherein published results show that several specific strains of species <i>B. amyloliquifaciens</i>, <i>B. subtilis, B. pasteurii, B. cereus, B. pumilus, B. mycoides</i>, and <i>B.sphaericus</i> elicit significant reduction in the incidence or severity of various diseases on a diversity of hosts.</p></div></div></section> <div class="c-notes"> <p class="c-notes__text c-status-message--info"> <svg width="24" height="24" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="c-status-message__icon"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-info-filled-medium"></use> </svg> This is a preview of subscription content, <a id="test-login-banner-link" href="//wayf.springernature.com?redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs12088-007-0054-2%3Ferror%3Dcookies_not_supported%26code%3D3e9d7e25-38af-4059-a0ea-55d745d6fd15" data-track="click" data-track-action="login" data-track-label="link" class="c-preview-message__link">log in via an institution</a> <svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon c-external-link__icon"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-external-link-small"></use> </svg> to check access. </p> </div> <div data-test="access-article" class="app-article-access"> <h2 class="app-article-access__heading">Access this article</h2> <div class="u-ma-16 u-clear-both"> <a href="//wayf.springernature.com?redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs12088-007-0054-2%3Ferror%3Dcookies_not_supported%26code%3D3e9d7e25-38af-4059-a0ea-55d745d6fd15" class="u-button u-button--full-width u-button--primary u-justify-content-space-between c-pdf-download__link" data-track="click" data-track-action="institution access" data-track-label="button"> <span data-test="access-via-institution">Log in via an institution</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="24" height="24" class="u-icon"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use> </svg> </a> </div> <div data-test="buy-box-mobile" class="c-article-buy-box"> <div class="sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin" id="sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin">  <div class="buying-option" data-test-id="buy-article-darwin"> <div> <div class="c-springer-plus"> <h2 class="springer-plus-heading">Subscribe and save</h2> <div class="springer-plus"> <div class="springer-plus-headline"> <div class="springer-plus-title"> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="16" height="16" class="u-icon"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-check-filled-medium"></use> </svg><span>Springer+ Basic</span> </div> <div class="dd price-amount-springer-plus"> €32.70 /Month </div> </div> <ul class="buying-option-usps"> <li>Get 10 units per month</li> <li>Download Article/Chapter or eBook</li> <li>1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter</li> <li>Cancel anytime</li> </ul><a href="https://link.springer.com/product/springer-plus" id="btn-subscribe-springerPlus" class="u-button u-button--full-width u-button--secondary" data-track="click||click_springer_subscribe" data-track-context="buy box"><span>Subscribe now </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="16" height="16" class="u-icon"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use> </svg></a> </div> <h2 class="springer-plus-heading">Buy Now</h2> </div> <div class="buybox__buy"> <form action="https://order.springer.com/public/cart" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="type" value="article"><input type="hidden" name="doi" value="10.1007/s12088-007-0054-2"><input type="hidden" name="isxn" value="0973-7715"><input type="hidden" name="contenttitle" value="Induced systemic resistance (ISR) in plants: mechanism of action"><input type="hidden" name="copyrightyear" value="2007"><input type="hidden" name="year" value="2008"><input type="hidden" name="authors" value="Devendra K. 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Induced systemic resistance (ISR) in plants: mechanism of action. <i>Indian J Microbiol</i> <b>47</b>, 289–297 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-007-0054-2</p><p class="c-bibliographic-information__download-citation u-hide-print"><a data-test="citation-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="download article citation" data-track-label="link" data-track-external="" rel="nofollow" href="https://citation-needed.springer.com/v2/references/10.1007/s12088-007-0054-2?format=refman&flavour=citation">Download citation<svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-download-medium"></use></svg></a></p><ul class="c-bibliographic-information__list" data-test="publication-history"><li class="c-bibliographic-information__list-item"><p>Received<span class="u-hide">: </span><span class="c-bibliographic-information__value"><time datetime="2007-07-10">10 July 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