CINXE.COM

Artificial Intelligence and IP

<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("http://www.wipo.int:80/about-ip/en/artificial_intelligence","20180714114844","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1531568924"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" /> <!-- End Wayback Rewrite JS Include --> <title>Artificial Intelligence and IP</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <meta http-equiv="cleartype" content="on"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <meta name="description" content="Artificial intelligence can help radically improve IP services, from neural patent translation to AI trademark search and more."><meta property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844im_/https://www3.wipo.int/export/system/modules/org.wipo.internet.rwd.templates/resources/images/logo-wipo.png"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/about-ip/en/artificial_intelligence/index.html"/><link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/export/system/modules/org.wipo.internet.rwd.templates/resources/images/favicon/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/export/system/modules/org.wipo.internet.rwd.templates/resources/images/favicon/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/export/system/modules/org.wipo.internet.rwd.templates/resources/images/favicon/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/export/system/modules/org.wipo.internet.rwd.templates/resources/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/export/system/modules/org.wipo.internet.rwd.templates/resources/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/export/system/modules/org.wipo.internet.rwd.templates/resources/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/export/system/modules/org.wipo.internet.rwd.templates/resources/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/site.webmanifest"><link rel="mask-icon" href="/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#314668"><meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#75839a"><meta name="theme-color" content="#75839a"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/web/20180714114844cs_/http://www.wipo.int/export/system/modules/org.wipo.internet.rwd.templates/resources/css/styles2016.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/web/20180714114844cs_/http://www.wipo.int/export/system/modules/org.wipo.internet.rwd.templates/resources/webfonts/ss-standard.css"> <!--[if (lt IE 9) & (!IEMobile)]> <script src='/export/system/modules/org.wipo.internet.rwd.templates/resources/scripts/selectivizr-min.js'></script> <link rel='stylesheet' href='/export/system/modules/org.wipo.internet.rwd.templates/resources/css/lte-ie8.css'> <![endif]--> <script src="/web/20180714114844js_/http://www.wipo.int/export/system/modules/org.wipo.internet.rwd.templates/resources/scripts/modernizr-2.6.2-min.js"></script> <script src="/web/20180714114844js_/http://www.wipo.int/export/system/modules/org.wipo.internet.rwd.templates/resources/scripts/jquery-min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20180714114844js_/http://www.wipo.int/shared/scripts/wipo-news.js"></script><!-- Google Tag Manager --> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844/https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-P7RLS2');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> </head> <body class="theme theme--blue" id="wipo-int"><!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <noscript><iframe src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844if_/https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-P7RLS2" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <div class="container printOnly"><img alt="WIPO" id="printLogo" src="/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/export/system/modules/org.wipo.internet.rwd.templates/resources/images/header-logo-wipo.svg"></div> <header role="banner"> <img src="/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/export/system/modules/org.wipo.internet.rwd.templates/resources/images/logo__wipo-picture-mark.svg" alt="WIPO picture mark" class="banner__wipo-mark m-hide"> <div class="container"><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/portal/en/"> <img src="/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/export/system/modules/org.wipo.internet.rwd.templates/resources/images/logo__wipo-word-mark.svg" alt="WIPO logo" class="banner__logo m-hide"> <img src="/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/export/system/modules/org.wipo.internet.rwd.templates/resources/images/logo__wipo-word-mark-no-subtitle.svg" alt="WIPO logo" class="banner__logo t-hide d-hide"> </a> </div> </header> <nav class="navigation"> <a href="#" class="navigation-toggle ss-icon" title="Open the menu" aria-label="Menu">rows</a> <a href="#" class="search-toggle ss-icon d-hide" title="Search WIPO" aria-label="Search">search</a><div class="container"> <ul class="navigation__flyout"><li class="flyout-control"> <a class="m-hide" href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/services/en/">IP Services</a> <a class="t-hide d-hide" href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/services/en/">IP Services</a><div class="flyout"><div class="nav-group nav-group--two"><div class="nav nav--one"> <h3 class="flyout__header">Protecting IP</h3> <ul class="flyout__list"><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/pct/en/">PCT - The International Patent System</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/madrid/en/">Madrid - The International Trademark System</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/hague/en/">Hague - The International Design System</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/lisbon/en/">Lisbon - The International System of Appellations of Origin</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/budapest/en/">Budapest - The International Microorganism Deposit System</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/article6ter/en/">Article 6ter</a></li> </ul></div><div class="nav nav--two"> <h3 class="flyout__header">Resolving Disputes</h3> <ul class="flyout__list"><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/">Alternative Dispute Resolution</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/domains/">Domain Name Disputes</a></li> </ul> <h3 class="flyout__header">Paying for IP Services</h3> <ul class="flyout__list"> <li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/finance/en/">How to Pay</a></li> </ul> </div></div> <p class="flyout__span d-hide"> <a class="btn btn-info" href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/services/en/">All IP Services</a></p></div></li><li class="flyout-control"> <a class="m-hide" href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/policy/en/">Policy</a> <a class="t-hide d-hide" href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/policy/en/">Policy</a><div class="flyout"><div class="nav-group nav-group--two"><div class="nav nav--one"> <h3 class="flyout__header">Decision Making &amp; Negotiating Bodies</h3> <ul class="flyout__list"><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/about-wipo/en/assemblies/">WIPO Assemblies</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/policy/en/sccr/">SCCR - Standing Committee on Copyright and Related Rights</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/policy/en/scp/">SCP - Standing Committee on the Law of Patents</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/policy/en/sct/">SCT - Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/tk/en/igc/">IGC - Intergovernmental Committee on IP &amp; GR, TK &amp; Folklore</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/policy/en/cdip/">CDIP - Committee on Development and IP</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/cws/en/">CWS - Committee on WIPO Standards</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/enforcement/en/ace/">ACE - Advisory Committee on Enforcement</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/policy/en/index.html#bodies">All Decision Making &amp; Negotiating Bodies</a></li> </ul></div><div class="nav nav--two"> <h3 class="flyout__header">IP &amp; Other Policy Topics</h3> <ul class="flyout__list"><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/tk/en/">Traditional Knowledge</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/econ_stat/en/economics/">Economics</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/policy/en/global_health/">Global Health</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/policy/en/climate_change/">Climate Change</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/ip-competition/en/">Competition Policy</a></li> </ul></div></div> <p class="flyout__span d-hide"> <a class="btn btn-info" href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/policy/en/">All policy</a></p></div></li> <li class="flyout-control"> <a class="m-hide" href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/cooperation/en/">Cooperation</a> <a class="t-hide d-hide" href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/cooperation/en/">Cooperation</a><div class="flyout"><div class="nav-group nav-group--three"> <div class="nav nav--one"> <h3 class="flyout__header">Development Cooperation</h3> <ul class="flyout__list"><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/ip-development/en/agenda/">Development Agenda</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/cooperation/en/technical_assistance/">Technical Assistance</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/cooperation/en/capacity_building/">Human Capacity Building</a></li> </ul></div> <div class="nav nav--two"> <h3 class="flyout__header">Public-Private Partnerships</h3> <ul class="flyout__list"><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/research/en/" target="_blank">WIPO Re:Search</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844/http://www.accessiblebooksconsortium.org/" target="_blank">Accessible Books Consortium</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844/https://www3.wipo.int/wipogreen/en/" target="_blank">WIPO GREEN</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/ardi/en/">ARDI</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/aspi/en/">ASPI</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/wipo-match/en/">WIPO Match</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="nav nav--three"> <h3 class="flyout__header">Global Cooperation</h3> <ul class="flyout__list"><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/global_ip/en/">Global Infrastructure</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/enforcement/en/">Building Respect for IP</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <p class="flyout__span d-hide"> <a class="btn btn-info" href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/cooperation/en/">All cooperation</a></p></div></li> <li class="flyout-control"> <a class="m-hide" href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/reference/en/">Knowledge</a> <a class="t-hide d-hide" href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/reference/en/">Knowledge</a><div class="flyout"><div class="nav-group nav-group--three"><div class="nav nav--one"> <h3 class="flyout__header">IP Databases</h3> <ul class="flyout__list"><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/patentscope/en/">PATENTSCOPE</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/reference/en/branddb/">Global Brand Database</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/madrid/monitor/en/">Madrid Monitor</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/reference/en/designdb/">Global Design Database</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/hague/en/design_search/">Hague Express</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/ipdl/en/6ter/search-struct.jsp">Article 6ter</a></li> </ul></div><div class="nav nav--two"> <h3 class="flyout__header">Legal Resources</h3> <ul class="flyout__list"><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/">IP Laws and Treaties (WIPO Lex)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/">WIPO Administered Treaties</a></li> </ul> <h3 class="flyout__header">Technical Resources</h3> <ul class="flyout__list"><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/classifications/en/">International Classifications</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/standards/en/">Standards (WIPO Handbook)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/reference/en/wipopearl/">Terminology (WIPO Pearl)</a></li> </ul></div><div class="nav nav--three"> <h3 class="flyout__header">Information Resources</h3> <ul class="flyout__list"><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/meetings/en/archive.jsp">Documents</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/ipstats/en/">Statistics</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/publications/en/">Publications</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/directory/en/">Country Profiles</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/ipadvantage/en/">Case Studies</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/library/en/">Library</a></li> </ul></div></div> <p class="flyout__span d-hide"><a class="btn btn-info" href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/reference/en/">All knowledge</a></p></div></li><li class="flyout-control"> <a class="m-hide" href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/about-ip/en/">About IP</a> <a class="t-hide d-hide" href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/about-ip/en/">About IP</a><div class="flyout"><div class="nav-group nav-group--three"><div class="nav nav--one"> <h3 class="flyout__header">Intellectual Property</h3> <ul class="flyout__list"><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/copyright/en/">Copyright</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/patents/en/">Patents</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/trademarks/en/">Trademarks</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/designs/en/">Industrial Designs</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/geo_indications/en/">Geographical Indications</a></li> </ul></div><div class="nav nav--two"> <h3 class="flyout__header">Training</h3> <ul class="flyout__list"><li> <a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/academy/en/">WIPO Academy</a></li><li> <a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/meetings/en/topic_type.jsp?group_id=242">Workshops &amp; Seminars</a></li> </ul> <h3 class="flyout__header">IP and ...</h3> <ul class="flyout__list"> <li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/about-ip/en/artificial_intelligence/">Artificial Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/about-ip/en/universities_research/">Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/women-and-ip/en/">Gender Equality</a></li> </ul> </div><div class="nav nav--three"> <h3 class="flyout__header">Raising Awareness</h3> <ul class="flyout__list"><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/ip-outreach/en/ipday/">World IP Day</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/ip-outreach/en/awards/">WIPO Awards</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/ip-outreach/en/tools/">Outreach Campaigns</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/">WIPO Magazine</a></li> </ul></div></div> <p class="flyout__span d-hide"> <a class="btn btn-info" href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/about-ip/en/">All about IP</a></p></div></li><li class="flyout-control"> <a class="m-hide" href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/about-wipo/en/">About WIPO</a> <a class="t-hide d-hide" href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/about-wipo/en/">About WIPO</a><div class="flyout flyout--shaded"><div class="nav-group nav-group--three"><div class="nav nav--one"> <h3 class="flyout__header">About WIPO</h3> <ul class="flyout__list"><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/about-wipo/en/">What is WIPO?</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/members/en/">Member States</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/about-wipo/en/observers/">Observers</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/about-wipo/en/dgo/">Director General</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/about-wipo/en/activities_by_unit/">Activities by Unit</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/about-wipo/en/offices/">External Offices</a></li> </ul></div><div class="nav nav--two"> <h3 class="flyout__header">Working with Us</h3> <ul class="flyout__list"><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/jobs/en/">Jobs</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/procurement/en/">Procurement</a></li> </ul> <h3 class="flyout__header">Accountability</h3> <ul class="flyout__list"><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/about-wipo/en/budget/">Results &amp; Budget</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/about-wipo/en/budget/financial/index.html">Financial Reporting</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/about-wipo/en/oversight/">Oversight</a></li> </ul> </div><div class="nav nav--three"> <h3 class="flyout__header">Connecting with WIPO</h3><div class="flyout__list"> <p>Chemin des Colombettes 34<br> CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland<br></p> <p> <a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/about-wipo/en/visit_wipo.html">Visit Us</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844/https://www3.wipo.int/contact/en/">Contact Us</a></p><div class="social"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844/https://www.facebook.com/worldipday/" target="_blank" title="Facebook"> <img src="/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/export/system/modules/org.wipo.internet.rwd.templates/resources/images/social__facebookx2x.png" alt="Facebook"> <span class="social__description">Facebook</span> </a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844/https://www.twitter.com/wipo/" target="_blank" title="Twitter"> <img src="/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/export/system/modules/org.wipo.internet.rwd.templates/resources/images/social__twitterx2x.png" alt="Twitter"> <span class="social__description">Twitter</span> </a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844/https://www.youtube.com/user/wipo/" target="_blank" title="YouTube"> <img src="/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/export/system/modules/org.wipo.internet.rwd.templates/resources/images/social__youtubex2x.png" alt="YouTube"> <span class="social__description">YouTube</span> </a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844/https://www.flickr.com/photos/wipo/collections/" target="_blank" title="Flickr"> <img src="/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/export/system/modules/org.wipo.internet.rwd.templates/resources/images/social__flickrx2x.png" alt="Flickr"> <span class="social__description">Flickr</span> </a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/news/en/" target="_blank" title="RSS"> <img src="/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/export/system/modules/org.wipo.internet.rwd.templates/resources/images/social__rssx2x.png" alt="RSS"> <span class="social__description">RSS</span> </a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844/https://www3.wipo.int/newsletters/en/" title="Newsletters"> <img src="/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/export/system/modules/org.wipo.internet.rwd.templates/resources/images/social__newsletter.png" alt="Newsletters"> <span class="social__description">Newsletters</span> </a></div></div></div></div> <p class="flyout__span d-hide"> <a class="btn btn-info" href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/about-wipo/en/">All about WIPO</a></p></div></li><li class="flyout__control flyout__trailer u-text-center d-hide t-hide"> <a href="#tools" title="Go to Meetings, Language, My Account, Media and Contact information">Tools ↓</a></li> </ul> <form method="GET" action="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/tools/en/gsearch.html" class="form-search" name="searchm" id="searchm"> <input name="cx" type="hidden" value="016458537594905406506:hmturfwvzzq"> <input name="cof" type="hidden" value="FORID:11"> <label class="element-invisible" for="querym">Search</label> <input class="search-query" id="querym" name="q" placeholder="Search WIPO" type="text"> <button class="btn ss-search" title="Search"><!-- search --></button> </form></div> </nav><div class="container"> <div class="wrap-outer"> <div class="wrap-inner"> <ul class="nav-breadcrumb"><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/portal/en/">Home</a></li><li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/about-ip/en/">About IP</a></li> <li class="active"><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/about-ip/en/artificial_intelligence/">Artificial Intelligence and IP</a></li> </ul><!-- content begin --> <div class="dropdown nav__on-this-page"><a class="dropdown-toggle" href="#" data-toggle="dropdown">On this page <strong class="caret"><!-- on this page --></strong></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu--on-this-page"> <li><a href="#topics">Topics and issues</a></li> <li><a href="#ai_wipo">AI at WIPO</a></li> <li><a href="#service">AI and IP service delivery</a></li> <li><a href="#related">Related links</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="content"> <h1>Artificial Intelligence and Intellectual Property</h1> <div class="main"> <p class="lead">In the global innovation economy, demand for intellectual property (IP) titles – <a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/patents/en/">patents</a>, <a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/trademarks/en/">trademarks</a>, <a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/designs/en/">industrial designs</a>, <a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/copyright/en/">copyright </a>– is rapidly increasing and becoming more complex. Artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics and new technologies such as blockchain can be used to address the growing challenges facing IP offices (IPO).</p> <div class="accordion" id="accordion"> <div class="accordion__group"> <div class="accordion__heading"><a class="accordion__toggle collapsed" data-parent="#accordion" data-toggle="collapse" href="#accordion__collapse__01">Business areas in which WIPO and IPOs are exploring the use of AI</a></div> <div class="accordion__body collapse" id="accordion__collapse__01"> <div class="accordion__inner"> <ul class="dot__list"> <li><strong>Automatic classification</strong> of patents and goods/services for trademark applications</li> <li><strong>Search</strong> of patent prior art and figurative elements of trademarks</li> <li><strong>Examination and formalities checks</strong> for trademarks and patents</li> <li><strong>Helpdesk services</strong> (automatic replies to client)</li> <li><strong>Machine translation</strong>, linguistic tools and terminology</li> <li><strong>Data analysis</strong> for economic research</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p><a class="btn call-to-action" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844/https://www3.wipo.int/contact/en/area.jsp?area=artificial_intelligence" title="">Contact us</a></p> </div> <div class="complementary"> <div class="box"><a id="wipoLnk1" href="#wipoModal1" data-toggle="modal"><img class="media-object" src="/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/about-ip/en/artificial_intelligence/images/wipodg_ai_500.jpg" alt=""/></a> <div id="wipoModal1" class="modal hide fade" style="display: none;" tabindex="0"> <div class="modal-body"><video width="auto" height="auto" id="wipoVideo1" tabindex="1" poster="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844im_/http://ocms.wipo.int/shared/pics/posters/wipodg_ai_1920.jpg" preload="none" controls="controls"> <source src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/multimedia-video/en/pressroom/wipodg_ai.mp4" type="video/mp4"/> <source src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/multimedia-video/en/pressroom/wipodg_ai.webm" type="video/webm"/> <source src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/multimedia-video/en/pressroom/wipodg_ai.ogg" type="video/ogg"/> </video></div> <div class="modal-footer"><button id="wipoBtn2" class="btn" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button></div> </div> <p class="secondary">Video: WIPO's <a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/about-wipo/en/dgo/">Director General </a>on artificial intelligence and IP</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content line"> <div id="wipo-news" data-layout="vertical" data-number="3" data-xml="/tools/en/includes/ocms_news.xml?path=/about-ip/en/artificial_intelligence/news/"><!-- include xml --></div> </div> <div class="content cols cols--four line"> <h2 id="topics">Topics and issues</h2> <p class="lead">From stories, to reports, news and more, we publish content on the topics most discussed in the field of AI and IP.</p> <div class="col"> <figure><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/publications/en/details.jsp?id=4001&amp;plang=EN"><img src="/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/about-ip/en/artificial_intelligence/images/getty_695586212_robotics_500.jpg" alt=""/></a> <figcaption class="credit">(Image: Getty Images/Maximkostenko)</figcaption> </figure> <h3><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/publications/en/details.jsp?id=4001&amp;plang=EN">Robotics, innovation and IP</a></h3> <p>Robotics and AI are breakthrough, boundary-pushing innovations. This economic research working paper analyzes how innovation in robotics is taking place, how it spreads, and what role IP plays.</p> </div> <div class="col"> <figure><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2018/03/article_0004.html"><img src="/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/about-ip/en/artificial_intelligence/images/getty_682505022_digital_int_500.jpg" alt=""/></a> <figcaption class="credit">(Image: oatawa/iStock/Getty Images Plus)</figcaption> </figure> <h3><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2018/03/article_0004.html">Digital intelligence at work</a></h3> <p>IP Australia has been working with leaders in the field to understand the applications of AI for IP and to develop new, more efficient ways to deliver its IP services.</p> </div> <div class="col"> <figure><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2018/01/article_0005.html"><img src="/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/about-ip/en/artificial_intelligence/images/getty_935705246_blockchain_500.jpg" alt=""/></a> <figcaption class="credit">(Image: ismagilov/iStock/Getty Image Plus)</figcaption> </figure> <h3><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2018/01/article_0005.html">Blockchain and IP</a></h3> <p>Blockchain and its possible applications are almost constant topics of discussion nowadays for businesses, policy makers, journalists, and more. How can we make the most of this technology in the IP sphere?</p> </div> <div class="col"> <figure><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2017/05/article_0003.html"><img src="/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/about-ip/en/artificial_intelligence/images/e_jwalterthopmsonanderson_artandcopyright_500.jpg" alt=""/></a> <figcaption class="credit">(Image: J. Walter Thompson Amsterdam)</figcaption> </figure> <h3><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2017/05/article_0003.html">AI and copyright</a></h3> <p>As the use of AI by artists becomes more widespread, the distinction between artwork made by a human and artwork made by a computer is becoming increasingly blurred with interesting implications for <a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/copyright/en/">copyright</a>.</p> </div> </div> <div class="content cols cols--three line"> <h2 id="ai_wipo">Artificial intelligence at WIPO</h2> <p class="lead">WIPO's research on AI is led by the Advanced Technology Applications Center (ATAC), which works on enhancing functions and processes at the Organization. WIPO currently uses AI in three main areas:</p> <div class="col"> <figure><a id="wipoLnk2" class="media-object" href="#wipoModal2" data-toggle="modal"><img src="/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/about-ip/en/artificial_intelligence/images/ai_bruno_player_500.jpg" alt=""/></a> <div id="wipoModal2" class="modal hide fade" style="display: none;" tabindex="0"> <div class="modal-body"><video width="300" height="150" style="max-width: 640px;" id="wipoVideo2" tabindex="1" poster="/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/shared/pics/posters/wipo_translate_1920.jpg" preload="none" controls="controls"> <source src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/multimedia-video/en/wipo_translate/wipo_translate.mp4" type="video/mp4"/> <source src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/multimedia-video/en/wipo_translate/wipo_translate.webm" type="video/webm"/> <source src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/multimedia-video/en/wipo_translate/wipo_translate.ogg" type="video/ogg"/> </video></div> <div class="modal-footer"><button id="wipoBtn2" class="btn" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button></div> </div> </figure> <h3><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/patentscope/en/wipo-translate/">Machine translation: WIPO Translate</a></h3> <p>WIPO Translate is a world-leading instant translation tool, specially designed for patent documents. It's available through the <a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/patentscope/en/">PATENTSCOPE database</a> and can also be integrated within IPO systems upon request.</p> </div> <div class="col"> <figure><a id="wipoLnk3" class="media-object" href="#wipoModal3" data-toggle="modal"><img src="/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/about-ip/en/artificial_intelligence/images/ai_remlawi_player_500.jpg" alt=""/></a> <div id="wipoModal3" class="modal hide fade" style="display: none;" tabindex="0"> <div class="modal-body"><video width="300" height="150" style="max-width: 640px;" id="wipoVideo3" tabindex="1" poster="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844im_/http://ocms.wipo.int/shared/pics/posters/ai_remlawi_1920.jpg" preload="none" controls="controls"> <source src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/multimedia-video/en/about-ip/ai_remlawi_18062018.mp4" type="video/mp4"/> <source src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/multimedia-video/en/about-ip/ai_remlawi_18062018.webm" type="video/webm"/> <source src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/multimedia-video/en/about-ip/ai_remlawi_18062018.ogg" type="video/ogg"/> </video></div> <div class="modal-footer"><button id="wipoBtn3" class="btn" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button></div> </div> </figure> <h3><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/pressroom/en/articles/2014/article_0007.html">Image search: Global Brand Database</a></h3> <p>Image search within the <a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/reference/en/branddb/">Global Brand Database</a> allows trademark owners to identify visually-similar trademarks, as well as other brand-information records from among the millions of images in the collection.</p> </div> <div class="col"> <figure><a id="wipoLnk4" class="media-object" href="#wipoModal4" data-toggle="modal"><img src="/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/about-ip/en/artificial_intelligence/images/ai_fievet_player_500.jpg" alt=""/></a> <div id="wipoModal4" class="modal hide fade" style="display: none;" tabindex="0"> <div class="modal-body"><video width="300" height="150" style="max-width: 640px;" id="wipoVideo4" tabindex="1" poster="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844im_/http://ocms.wipo.int/shared/pics/posters/ai_fievet_1920.jpg" preload="none" controls="controls"> <source src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/multimedia-video/en/about-ip/ai_fievet_18062018.mp4" type="video/mp4"/> <source src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/multimedia-video/en/about-ip/ai_fievet_18062018.webm" type="video/webm"/> <source src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/multimedia-video/en/about-ip/ai_fievet_18062018.ogg" type="video/ogg"/> </video></div> <div class="modal-footer"><button id="wipoBtn4" class="btn" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button></div> </div> </figure> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/classifications/ipc/ipcpub?searchmode=ipccat" target="_blank">Automatic Patent Classification</a></h3> <p>IPCCAT helps patent filers and examiners in IPOs to automatically categorize patent applications into technical units according to their <a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/classifications/ipc/en/">International Patent Classification (IPC)</a> class, subclass, main group or sub-group.</p> </div> </div> <form accept-charset="utf-8" action="search.jsp" class="form-horizontal" method="GET" name="seek"> <div class="content cols cols--two line"> <h2 id="service">Artificial intelligence and IP service delivery</h2> <p class="lead">AI has the potential to revolutionize service delivery and administration in IPOs. Through three main channels, WIPO leads and enables cooperation amongst IPOs towards this goal.</p> <h3>Index of AI initiatives in IP offices</h3> <p>Search our index of initiatives to find out how AI is being used to facilitate IP administration and service delivery in different IPOs. The index is based on <a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/meetings/en/doc_details.jsp?doc_id=402706">inputs received from WIPO member states</a>. Please <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844/https://www3.wipo.int/contact/en/area.jsp?area=artificial_intelligence">contact us</a> for updates or corrections.</p> <div class="col"><fieldset> <div class="control-group"><label for="technology_id" class="control-label">Business application of AI</label> <div class="controls"><select id="technology_id" name="technology_id" size="8"> <option selected="selected" value="">* * * Any * * *</option> <option value="2370">Copyright registration</option> <option value="2371">Data analysis</option> <option value="2380">Digitization and process automation</option> <option value="2378">Examination (trademark, patent)</option> <option value="2372">Helpdesk services</option> <option value="2379">Image search (trademark, design, patent)</option> <option value="2373">Machine translation</option> <option value="2375">Patent classification</option> <option value="2376">Patent prior art search</option> <option value="2377">Trademark classification (goods &amp; services)</option> </select></div> </div> </fieldset></div> <div class="col"><fieldset> <div class="control-group"><label for="country" class="control-label">Country / territory</label> <div class="controls"><select id="territory_id" name="territory_id" size="8"> <option selected="selected" value="">* * * Any * * *</option> <option value="10">Australia</option> <option value="9">Austria</option> <option value="23">Brazil</option> <option value="29">Canada</option> <option value="36">Chile</option> <option value="38">China</option> <option value="193">European Union</option> <option value="57">Finland</option> <option value="45">Germany</option> <option value="87">Japan</option> <option value="109">Morocco</option> <option value="131">Norway</option> <option value="139">Philippines</option> <option value="95">Republic of Korea</option> <option value="147">Russian Federation</option> <option value="189">Serbia</option> <option value="154">Singapore</option> <option value="153">Sweden</option> <option value="33">Switzerland</option> <option value="62">United Kingdom</option> <option value="179">United States of America</option> <option value="180">Uruguay</option> <option value="">- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -</option> <option value="400">World</option> </select></div> </div> </fieldset></div> </div> <p><input value="Search" class="btn" type="submit"/> <input value="Reset" class="btn btn-info" type="reset"/></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> </form> <div class="content"> <div class="main"> <h3>Specialized task forces</h3> <p>WIPO leads and enables cooperation amongst IPOs in pursuit of coherent ICT strategy, management of IP big data and the use of AI for IPO administration:</p> <ul class="dot__list"> <li>Automatic patent classification, IPCCAT (<a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/meetings/en/doc_details.jsp?doc_id=398698">IPC committee of experts</a>)</li> <li>XML standards and their implementation (<a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/cws/en/taskforce/xml4ip/background.htm">XML4IP Task Force</a> under <a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/cws/en/">Committee of WIPO Standards</a>)</li> <li>API standards (<a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/cws/en/">Committee of WIPO Standards</a>)</li> </ul> </div> <div class="complementary"> <div class="box"> <h3>Online forum for member states</h3> <p>Official representatives from WIPO <a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/members/en/">member states</a> can share views in this private forum administered by WIPO.</p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844/https://www3.wipo.int/contact/en/area.jsp?area=artificial_intelligence">Request access</a></p> <a class="btn call-to-action" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844/https://www3.wipo.int/confluence/display/ictai/ICT+strategy+and+AI+Home" title="">Access the forum</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="content cols cols--three line"> <h2 id="related">Related links</h2> <div class="col"> <h3>IP services</h3> <ul class="dividers"> <li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/pct/en/">PCT System</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/hague/en/">Hague System</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/madrid/en/">Madrid System</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/das/en/">WIPO Digital Access Service (DAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/case/en/">WIPO Centralized Access to Search and Examination (CASE)</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col"> <h3>Knowledge</h3> <ul class="dividers"> <li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/patentscope/en/">PATENTSCOPE</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/reference/en/branddb/">Global Brand Database</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/reference/en/designdb/">Global Design Database</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/">IP Laws and Treaties (WIPO Lex)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/standards/en/">Standards</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/classifications/en/">Classifications</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/ipstats/en/">Statistics</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col"> <h3>Cooperation and Policy</h3> <ul class="dividers"> <li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/global_ip/en/">Global Infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/global_ip/en/activities/ip_office_business_solutions/">Business Solutions for IP Offices</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/cws/en/">Committee on WIPO Standards (CWS)</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(document).ready(function (){ var v1 = $("#wipoVideo1").get(0); var v2 = $("#wipoVideo2").get(0); var v3 = $("#wipoVideo3").get(0); var v4 = $("#wipoVideo4").get(0); var playVideo = function(obj) { if (obj.paused){ obj.autoplay = true; obj.play(); } } var stopVideo = function(obj) { if (!obj.paused){ obj.pause(); obj.currentTime = 0; } } $('#wipoLnk1').click(function (){ playVideo (v1); }); $('#wipoBtn1').click(function (){ stopVideo(v1); }); $('#wipoModal1').bind('hide', function (){ stopVideo(v1); }); $('#wipoLnk2').click(function (){ playVideo (v2); }); $('#wipoBtn2').click(function (){ stopVideo(v2); }); $('#wipoModal2').bind('hide', function (){ stopVideo(v2); }); $('#wipoLnk3').click(function (){ playVideo (v3); }); $('#wipoBtn3').click(function (){ stopVideo(v3); }); $('#wipoModal3').bind('hide', function (){ stopVideo(v3); }); $('#wipoLnk4').click(function (){ playVideo (v4); }); $('#wipoBtn4').click(function (){ stopVideo(v4); }); $('#wipoModal4').bind('hide', function (){ stopVideo(v4); }); }); </script> <!-- content end --> </div><!-- wrap-inner --> <div id="tools"><h4 class="d-hide t-hide">Tools</h4> <ul><li><a class="tools__link" href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/pressroom/en/">Media</a></li> <li><a class="tools__link" href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/meetings/en/">Meetings</a></li> <li><a class="tools__link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844/https://www3.wipo.int/contact/en/area.jsp?area=artificial_intelligence">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a class="tools__link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844/https://www3.wipo.int/myaccount/en/">My Account</a></li></ul></div></div><!-- wrap-outer --> </div><!-- container --> <footer role="contentinfo"><div class="contentinfo__inner"> <a class="self" href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/portal/en/" title="World Intellectual Property Organization"><img src="/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/export/system/modules/org.wipo.internet.rwd.templates/resources/images/logo__wipo.svg" alt="WIPO logo" class="t-hide m-hide"></a> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844/https://www3.wipo.int/contact/en/">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/tools/en/sitemap.html">Site map</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/accessibility/en/">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/tools/en/disclaim.html">Terms of use and privacy policy</a></li> </ul> <div class="social" id="social"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844/https://www.facebook.com/worldipday/" target="_blank" title="Facebook"> <img src="/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/export/system/modules/org.wipo.internet.rwd.templates/resources/images/social__facebookx2x.png" alt="Facebook"> <span class="social__description">Facebook</span> </a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844/https://www.twitter.com/wipo/" target="_blank" title="Twitter"> <img src="/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/export/system/modules/org.wipo.internet.rwd.templates/resources/images/social__twitterx2x.png" alt="Twitter"> <span class="social__description">Twitter</span> </a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844/https://www.youtube.com/user/wipo/" target="_blank" title="YouTube"> <img src="/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/export/system/modules/org.wipo.internet.rwd.templates/resources/images/social__youtubex2x.png" alt="YouTube"> <span class="social__description">YouTube</span> </a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844/https://www.flickr.com/photos/wipo/collections/" target="_blank" title="Flickr"> <img src="/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/export/system/modules/org.wipo.internet.rwd.templates/resources/images/social__flickrx2x.png" alt="Flickr"> <span class="social__description">Flickr</span> </a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844/http://www.wipo.int/news/en/newsfeed.jsp" target="_blank" title="RSS"> <img src="/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/export/system/modules/org.wipo.internet.rwd.templates/resources/images/social__rssx2x.png" alt="RSS"> <span class="social__description">RSS</span> </a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114844/https://www3.wipo.int/newsletters/en/" target="_blank" title="Newsletters"> <img src="/web/20180714114844im_/http://www.wipo.int/export/system/modules/org.wipo.internet.rwd.templates/resources/images/social__newsletter.png" alt="Newsletters"> <span class="social__description">Newsletters</span> </a> </div> <a class="u-line-top u-display-block t-hide d-hide flyout__span" href="#wipo-int">Back to top ↑</a> </div><!-- contentinfo__inner --> </footer><script src="/web/20180714114844js_/http://www.wipo.int/export/system/modules/org.wipo.internet.rwd.templates/resources/scripts/plugins2016-min.js"></script> <script src="/web/20180714114844js_/http://www.wipo.int/export/system/modules/org.wipo.internet.rwd.templates/resources/scripts/main2016-min.js"></script> <script src="/web/20180714114844js_/http://www.wipo.int/export/system/modules/org.wipo.internet.rwd.templates/resources/webfonts/ss-standard.js"></script> <script src="/web/20180714114844js_/http://www.wipo.int/export/system/modules/org.wipo.internet.rwd.templates/resources/scripts/wipo.js"></script></body></html> <!-- FILE ARCHIVED ON 11:48:44 Jul 14, 2018 AND RETRIEVED FROM THE INTERNET ARCHIVE ON 22:05:15 Nov 27, 2024. JAVASCRIPT APPENDED BY WAYBACK MACHINE, COPYRIGHT INTERNET ARCHIVE. ALL OTHER CONTENT MAY ALSO BE PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT (17 U.S.C. SECTION 108(a)(3)). --> <!-- playback timings (ms): captures_list: 0.518 exclusion.robots: 0.037 exclusion.robots.policy: 0.027 esindex: 0.01 cdx.remote: 5.406 LoadShardBlock: 93.503 (3) PetaboxLoader3.datanode: 194.292 (4) load_resource: 215.073 PetaboxLoader3.resolve: 80.564 -->

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10