CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="id" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Makkah - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )idwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","Januari","Februari","Maret","April","Mei","Juni","Juli","Agustus","September","Oktober","November","Desember"],"wgRequestId":"899c4447-70d5-4e9e-8e04-72e36f5f03db","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Makkah","wgTitle":"Makkah","wgCurRevisionId":26019030,"wgRevisionId":26019030,"wgArticleId":12116,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Halaman dengan argumen formatnum non-numerik","Artikel mengandung aksara Arab","Halaman dengan templat IPA usang","Halaman dengan rujukan yang menggunakan parameter yang tidak didukung","Templat webarchive tautan wayback","Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui","CS1 sumber berbahasa Inggris (en)","Halaman yang menggunakan pranala magis ISBN","Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Pages using infobox settlement with unknown parameters", "Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda GND","Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda ISNI","Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda VIAF","Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda BNE","Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda BNF","Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda LCCN","Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda LNB","Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda NDL","Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda NKC","Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda NLI","Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda PLWABN","Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda FAST","Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda MusicBrainz area","Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda NARA","Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda SUDOC","Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda TDVİA","Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda WorldCat-VIAF","Artikel pilihan bertopik geografi","Halaman dengan teks IPA berbahasa Hijazi Arabic","Islam","Kota di Arab Saudi","Kota suci Islam","Tempat suci Islam","Kota suci","Haji"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"id","wgPageContentLanguage":"id","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Makkah", "wgRelevantArticleId":12116,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Mekah","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"accuracy":{"levels":2}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"id","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"id"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Makkah","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q5806","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness", "fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.charinsert-styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js", "ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.watchlist-notice","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.Bagikan","ext.gadget.CurIDLink","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","oojs-ui.styles.icons-media","oojs-ui-core.icons","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=id&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=id&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=id&modules=ext.gadget.charinsert-styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=id&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Mecca_from_Jabal_Nur.JPG/1200px-Mecca_from_Jabal_Nur.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Mecca_from_Jabal_Nur.JPG/800px-Mecca_from_Jabal_Nur.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Mecca_from_Jabal_Nur.JPG/640px-Mecca_from_Jabal_Nur.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Makkah - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makkah"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Sunting" href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (id)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//id.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makkah"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.id"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Umpan Atom Wikipedia" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Perubahan_terbaru&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Makkah rootpage-Makkah skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Lompat ke isi</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu utama" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu utama</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu utama</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasi </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" title="Kunjungi Halaman Utama [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Halaman Utama</span></a></li><li id="n-Daftar-isi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Isi"><span>Daftar isi</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terbaru" title="Daftar perubahan terbaru dalam wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pencarian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class=""><span>Menyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Makkah" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Makkah" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Makkah" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Makkah" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pemerintahan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pemerintahan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pemerintahan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pemerintahan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ekonomi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekonomi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pendidikan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pendidikan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Pendidikan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pendidikan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kesehatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kesehatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Kesehatan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kesehatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Masjidilharam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Masjidilharam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Masjidilharam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Masjidilharam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ka'bah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ka'bah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Ka'bah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ka'bah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_Zamzam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_Zamzam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Air Zamzam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_Zamzam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kota-kota_dalam_Ibadah_Haji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kota-kota_dalam_Ibadah_Haji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Kota-kota dalam Ibadah Haji</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kota-kota_dalam_Ibadah_Haji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Catatan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daftar_pustaka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daftar_pustaka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Daftar pustaka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daftar_pustaka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacaan_lanjutan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_lanjutan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Bacaan lanjutan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_lanjutan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Makkah</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 193 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-193" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">193 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meukah" title="Meukah – Aceh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Meukah" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Aceh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%8A%AB" title="መካ – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መካ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Meca" title="A Meca – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="A Meca" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A9" title="مكة – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مكة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A9" title="مكة – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="مكة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D9%87" title="مكه – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مكه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="মক্কা – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মক্কা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Meca" title="La Meca – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="La Meca" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Макка – Avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Макка" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="मक्का – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="मक्का" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99kk%C9%99" title="Məkkə – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Məkkə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%87" title="مکه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مکه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D0%BA%D0%BA%D3%99" title="Мәккә – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мәккә" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekkah" title="Mekkah – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Mekkah" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мекка – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мекка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мэка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мэка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мека – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мека" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0)" title="मक्का (शहर) – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मक्का (शहर)" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="মক্কা – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মক্কা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BC%8D" title="མ་ཁ། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མ་ཁ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokkah" title="Mokkah – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Mokkah" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мекка – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Мекка" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Meca" title="La Meca – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="La Meca" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Макка – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Макка" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%DA%A9%DA%A9%DB%95" title="مەککە – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مەککە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekke" title="Mekke – Tatar Krimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Mekke" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Tatar Krimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мекка – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Мекка" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maka" title="Maka – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Maka" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="मक्का – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="मक्का" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%B0%DE%86%DE%A7" title="މައްކާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މައްކާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AD%CE%BA%CE%BA%CE%B1" title="Μέκκα – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μέκκα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekko" title="Mekko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mekko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Meca" title="La Meca – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="La Meca" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Meca" title="La Meca – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="La Meca" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%87" title="مکه – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مکه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Mecque" title="La Mecque – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="La Mecque" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Meche" title="La Meche – Friuli" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="La Meche" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meice" title="Meice – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Meice" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%8A%A0" title="麥加 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="麥加" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Meca" title="A Meca – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="A Meca" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9ka" title="Méka – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Méka" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekkah" title="Mekkah – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Mekkah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌺𐌰 – Gotik" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌺𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gotik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE" title="મક્કા – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મક્કા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makkah" title="Makkah – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Makkah" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Hawaii" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaii" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%94" title="מכה – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מכה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0)" title="मक्का (शहर) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मक्का (शहर)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makka" title="Makka – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Makka" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Sorbia Hulu" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D6%84%D6%84%D5%A1" title="Մեքքա – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մեքքա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D6%84%D6%84%D5%A1" title="Մեքքա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մեքքա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Макка – Ingushetia" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Макка" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingushetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Mecca" title="La Mecca – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="La Mecca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%83%83%E3%82%AB" title="メッカ – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メッカ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/makax" title="makax – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="makax" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekah" title="Mekah – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mekah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90" title="მექა – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მექა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekke" title="Mekke – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Mekke" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maka" title="Maka – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Maka" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokkah" title="Mokkah – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Mokkah" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Мекке – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мекке" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6" title="ម៉ិកកា – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ម៉ិកកា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE" title="ಮೆಕ್ಕಾ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮೆಕ್ಕಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EC%B9%B4" title="메카 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메카" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%DB%81%D9%95" title="مکہٕ – Kashmir" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="مکہٕ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meke" title="Meke – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Meke" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Меке – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Меке" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Макка – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Макка" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мекка – Lezghia" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Мекка" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Meca" title="La Meca – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="La Meca" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Madura" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madura" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka_(Arabia_Saodita)" title="Meka (Arabia Saodita) – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Meka (Arabia Saodita)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makah" title="Makah – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Makah" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мека – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мека" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95" title="മക്ക – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മക്ക" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мекка – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мекка" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9B%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯃꯦꯛꯀꯥ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯦꯛꯀꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="मक्का – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मक्का" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makkah" title="Makkah – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Makkah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meca" title="Meca – Miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Meca" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9F%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA" title="မက္ကာဟ်မြို့တော် – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မက္ကာဟ်မြို့တော်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Мекка ош – Eryza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Мекка ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Eryza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%87" title="مکه – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مکه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="मक्का – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मक्का" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="मक्का – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मक्का" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%A1%DF%9E%DF%8A%DF%AB" title="ߡߞߊ߫ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߡߞߊ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_M%C3%A8ca" title="La Mèca – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="La Mèca" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%C3%A6" title="Меккæ – Ossetia" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Меккæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮੱਕਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੱਕਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_M%C3%A8ke" title="El Mèke – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="El Mèke" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_M%C3%ABcca" title="La Mëcca – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="La Mëcca" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%DB%81" title="مکہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مکہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meca" title="Meca – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Meca" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makka" title="Makka – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Makka" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27A_Mecca" title="'A Mecca – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="'A Mecca" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мекка – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мекка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мекка – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Мекка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мекка – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Мекка" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱢᱚᱠᱠᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱚᱠᱠᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%AA%D9%88" title="مڪو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مڪو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makka" title="Makka – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Makka" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%B8" title="මක්කම – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මක්කම" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%DB%81" title="مکہ – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="مکہ" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makka" title="Makka – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Makka" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мека – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мека" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekah" title="Mekah – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Mekah" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecka" title="Mecka – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mecka" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makka" title="Makka – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Makka" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Silesia" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE" title="மக்கா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மக்கா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE" title="మక్కా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మక్కా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Макка – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Макка" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C" title="มักกะฮ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มักกะฮ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekge" title="Mekge – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Mekge" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99kk%C9%99" title="Məkkə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Məkkə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekke" title="Mekke – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mekke" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D0%BA%D0%BA%D3%99" title="Мәккә – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мәккә" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%D9%83%D9%83%DB%95" title="مەككە – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مەككە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мекка – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мекка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%DB%81" title="مکہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مکہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makka" title="Makka – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Makka" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81a_Meca" title="Ła Meca – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ła Meca" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekk" title="Mekk – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Mekk" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A4kk%C3%A4" title="Mäkkä – Volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Mäkkä" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E5%8A%A0" title="麦加 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="麦加" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90" title="მექა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მექა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%90" title="מעקא – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מעקא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BA%B9%CC%81kk%C3%A0" title="Mẹ́kkà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Mẹ́kkà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%BD%E2%B4%BD%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵎⴰⴽⴽⴰ – Tamazight Maroko Standar" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵎⴰⴽⴽⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Tamazight Maroko Standar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%8A%A0" title="麥加 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="麥加" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%8A%A0" title="麥加 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="麥加" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makka" title="Makka – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Makka" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%8A%A0" title="麥加 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="麥加" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5806#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Makkah" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Makkah" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Makkah"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Makkah"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Makkah" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Makkah" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&oldid=26019030" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Makkah&id=26019030&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMakkah"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMakkah"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Makkah"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Makkah&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mecca" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5806" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Dialihkan dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mekah&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Mekah">Mekah</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24150118">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-background{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Picto_infobox_map.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Makkah</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span lang="ar">مكة المكرمة</span><br /><i><span title="American Library Association – Library of Congress transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">Makkah al-Mukarramah</i></span></i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader ib-background"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Kota" title="Kota">Kota</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em">Kota Suci Makkah</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em"><table style="background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid black;width:320px"><tbody><tr><td style="border-top:0;padding:1px 0 0 1px"><table style="background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse"><tbody><tr><td style="border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Mecca_from_Jabal_Nur.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Mecca_from_Jabal_Nur.JPG/320px-Mecca_from_Jabal_Nur.JPG" decoding="async" width="320" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Mecca_from_Jabal_Nur.JPG/480px-Mecca_from_Jabal_Nur.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Mecca_from_Jabal_Nur.JPG/640px-Mecca_from_Jabal_Nur.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><table style="background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse"><tbody><tr><td style="border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Makkah_(Mecca).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Makkah_%28Mecca%29.jpg/320px-Makkah_%28Mecca%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Makkah_%28Mecca%29.jpg/480px-Makkah_%28Mecca%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Makkah_%28Mecca%29.jpg/640px-Makkah_%28Mecca%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Atas: Makkah dilihat dari <a href="/wiki/Jabal_an-Nur" title="Jabal an-Nur">Jabal an-Nur</a> hingga timur laut kota. Dipotret tahun 2009<br /> Bawah: <a href="/wiki/Masjidil_Haram" title="Masjidil Haram">Masjidil Haram</a> pada tahun 2009.</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em">Julukan: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><i>Ummul-Qura</i> (<span lang="ar">أم القرى</span>)<br /><i>Bakkah</i> (<span lang="ar">بكة</span>)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18624177">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Saudi_Arabia_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Makkah di Arab Saudi"><img alt="Makkah di Arab Saudi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Saudi_Arabia_location_map.svg/250px-Saudi_Arabia_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Saudi_Arabia_location_map.svg/375px-Saudi_Arabia_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Saudi_Arabia_location_map.svg/500px-Saudi_Arabia_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1802" data-file-height="1501" /></a></span><div class="od" style="top:67.136%;left:25.795%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Makkah"><img alt="Makkah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="font-size:91%;width:6em;left:4px"><div>Makkah</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em">Koordinat: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25917590">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Makkah&language=id&params=21_25_21_N_39_49_24_E_type:city(1578722)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">21°25′21″N</span> <span class="longitude">39°49′24″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">21.42250°N 39.82333°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">21.42250; 39.82333</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Negara</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/25px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/38px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/50px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi">Arab Saudi</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_di_Arab_Saudi" title="Provinsi di Arab Saudi">Provinsi</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Makkah" title="Provinsi Makkah">Provinsi Makkah</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Kegubernuran_di_Arab_Saudi" title="Kegubernuran di Arab Saudi">Kegubernuran</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em">Kegubernuran Makkah</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Pemerintahan<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Wali kota [Makkah]]</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osama_Al_Bar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osama Al Bar (halaman belum tersedia)">Osama Al Bar</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Gubernur Provinsi Makkah</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em"><a href="/wiki/Khalid_bin_Faisal_Al_Saud" class="mw-redirect" title="Khalid bin Faisal Al Saud">Khalid bin Faisal Al Saud</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ketinggian<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em">277 m (909 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Populasi<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a>)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em">1.578.722</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Perkiraan <div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2020)</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em">2.042.000</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Peringkat</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em">Ke-3 di Arab Saudi</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonim" title="Demonim">Demonim</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em">Makki<br /><span lang="ar">مكي</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Zona_waktu" title="Zona waktu">Zona waktu</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Waktu_Afrika_Timur" title="Waktu Afrika Timur">EAT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Situs web</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.holymakkah.gov.sa/">www<wbr />.holymakkah<wbr />.gov<wbr />.sa</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Makkah<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b>, secara resmi bernama <b>Makkah al-Mukarramah</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">bahasa Arab</a>: <span lang="ar">مكة المكرمة</span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><abbr title="transliterasi">translit.</abbr> </span><i><span title="Arab-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Makkat al-Mukarramah</i></span></i>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Arti_harfiah" class="mw-redirect" title="Arti harfiah">har.</a> </span>'Makkah, Kota yang Mulia'), (Ejaan tidak baku: '<b>Mekah</b>' atau '<b>Mekkah</b>')<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, adalah salah satu kota suci <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> dan ibukota <a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Makkah" title="Provinsi Makkah">Provinsi Makkah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi">Arab Saudi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kota ini terletak 70 km (43 mi) ke daratan dari <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a> di <a href="/wiki/Laut_Merah" title="Laut Merah">Laut Merah</a>, di sebuah lembah kecil 277 m (909 ft) di atas permukaan laut. Populasi terakhir yang tercatat berjumlah 2.150.000 jiwa pada tahun 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diperkirakan populasi metro pada tahun 2020 adalah 2,04 juta jiwa, membuat Makkah sebagai kota terpadat ketiga di kerajaan. Peziarah yang berdatangan berjumlah tiga kali lipat dari penduduk setempat selama ibadah <a href="/wiki/Haji" title="Haji">Haji</a> setiap bulan <a href="/wiki/Zulhijah" title="Zulhijah">Zulhijah</a>. </p><p>Makkah merupakan tempat lahir dari <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Nabi Muhammad</a>. Gua Hira yang terletak di atas <a href="/wiki/Jabal_an-Nur" title="Jabal an-Nur">Jabal an-Nur</a> berada di kota Makkah dan gua tersebut merupakan lokasi yang umat Islam percaya bahwa al-Qur'an pertama kali diturunkan kepada Muhammad.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mengunjungi Makkah untuk ibadah Haji merupakan kewajiban bagi umat Islam yang mampu (pemenuhan rukun Islam). <a href="/wiki/Masjidil_Haram" title="Masjidil Haram">Masjidil Haram</a> merupakan rumah bagi <a href="/wiki/Ka%27bah" title="Ka'bah">Ka'bah</a>—diyakini oleh umat Islam telah dibangun oleh <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim" title="Ibrahim">Ibrahim</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Isma%27il" class="mw-redirect" title="Isma'il">Isma'il</a>—yang merupakan salah satu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Situs_suci_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Situs suci Islam (halaman belum tersedia)">situs suci Islam</a> dan patokan arah salat bagi umat Islam (<a href="/wiki/Kiblat" title="Kiblat">kiblat</a>), yang memperkuat makna kota Makkah bagi umat Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Para penguasa Muslim, baik dari dalam maupun dari sekitar wilayah tersebut telah lama mencoba untuk merebut kota Makkah dan mempertahankan kota tersebut dalam kekuasaannya. Dengan demikian, seperti halnya kebanyakan wilayah <a href="/wiki/Hijaz" title="Hijaz">Hijaz</a>, kota tersebut mengalami berbagai perubahan rezim yang berutang pada sejarahnya yang kaya. Kota ini akhirnya ditaklukan dalam <a href="/wiki/Penaklukan_Hijaz_oleh_Saudi" title="Penaklukan Hijaz oleh Saudi">penaklukan Hijaz oleh Saudi</a> yang dipimpin oleh <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Aziz_bin_Saud" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul Aziz bin Saud">Ibnu Saud</a> dan sekutunya pada tahun 1925. Sejak itu, Makkah terlihat ekspansi yang luar biasa dalam ukuran dan infrastruktur dengan bangunan modern yang lebih baru seperti <a href="/wiki/Menara_Abraj_Al_Bait" title="Menara Abraj Al Bait">Menara Abraj Al Bait</a>, bangunan tertinggi keempat di dunia dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_bangunan_terbesar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar bangunan terbesar (halaman belum tersedia)">terbesar ketiga berdasarkan luas lantai</a> yang menjulang tinggi di atas Masjidil Haram. Pemerintah Saudi juga melakukan penghancuran beberapa bangunan bersejarah dan situs arkeologi, seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benteng_Ajyad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benteng Ajyad (halaman belum tersedia)">Benteng Ajyad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-independent_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kalangan non-Muslim sangat <a href="/wiki/Kota_tertutup" title="Kota tertutup">dilarang</a> untuk memasuki kota Makkah.<sup id="cite_ref-peters_2062_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-peters_2062-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Umat Islam dari seluruh dunia mengunjungi kota Makkah, tidak hanya untuk ibadah <a href="/wiki/Haji" title="Haji">Haji</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Umrah" title="Umrah">Umrah</a>, tetapi juga sebagai turis untuk mengunjungi <i>landmark</i> wilayah tersebut, seperti Masjid Aisyah dan situs yang dikunjungi oleh jamaah Haji dan Umrah. Makkah sekarang menjadi rumah bagi dua bangunan termahal di dunia, <a href="/wiki/Masjidil_Haram" title="Masjidil Haram">Masjidil Haram</a> yang senilai 100 miliar dolar AS dan kompleks <a href="/wiki/Menara_Abraj_Al_Bait" title="Menara Abraj Al Bait">Menara Abraj Al Bait</a> yang senilai 15 miliar dolar AS. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografi">Geografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Geografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Geografi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kota Makkah terletak sekitar 600 km sebelah selatan kota <a href="/wiki/Madinah" title="Madinah">Madinah</a>, kurang lebih 200 km sebelah timur laut kota <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a>. Kota ini merupakan lembah kering, dikelilingi pegunungan karang yang tandus dengan bangunan Ka'bah sebagai pusatnya. Dengan demikian, pada masa dahulu kota ini rawan banjir bila musim hujan sebelum akhirnya pemerintah Arab Saudi memperbaiki kota ini dan merenovasi kota ini. Seperti pada umumnya kota-kota di wilayah Arab Saudi, kota ini beriklim gurun<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Panjang lembah barat ke timur sekitar 3 km, sedangkan panjang lembah utara ke selatan sekitar 1,5 km. Kota ini dikelilingi oleh beberapa gunung, diantaranya Gunung Abu Qubais pada bagian timur, Gunung Abi Badidah (Kudai) dan Gunung Khundamah pada bagian selatan, Gunung Al Falj, Gunung Qaiqa'an, Gunung Hindi, Gunung Lu'lu dan Gunung Kada (gunung tertinggi) pada bagian utara. Pada zaman dahulu hanya ada tiga jalan yang bisa dilalui untuk masuk Makkah, yaitu celah utara di kaki Gunung Al Falh, celah barat menuju Laut Merah dan celah selatan menuju Yaman.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height: 1.1em; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Data iklim Mekkah </th></tr> <tr> <th>Bulan </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Januari">Jan</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Februari">Feb</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Maret">Mar</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="April">Apr</abbr> </th> <th>Mei </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Juni">Jun</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Juli">Jul</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Agustus">Agt</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="September">Sep</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Oktober">Okt</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="November">Nov</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Desember">Des</abbr> </th> <th style="border-left-width:medium">Tahun </th></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Rekor tertinggi °C (°F) </th> <td style="background:#FF1C00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">37.4<br /> (99.3) </td> <td style="background:#FF1600;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">38.3<br /> (100.9) </td> <td style="background:#F20000;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">42.4<br /> (108.3) </td> <td style="background:#D20000;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">44.7<br /> (112.5) </td> <td style="background:#920000;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">49.4<br /> (120.9) </td> <td style="background:#8F0000;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">49.6<br /> (121.3) </td> <td style="background:#8C0000;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">49.8<br /> (121.6) </td> <td style="background:#8D0000;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">49.7<br /> (121.5) </td> <td style="background:#920000;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">49.4<br /> (120.9) </td> <td style="background:#B30000;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">47.0<br /> (116.6) </td> <td style="background:#FF0200;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">41.2<br /> (106.2) </td> <td style="background:#FF1500;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">38.4<br /> (101.1) </td> <td style="background:#8C0000;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">49.8<br /> (121.6) </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Rata-rata tertinggi °C (°F) </th> <td style="background:#FF4B00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">30.5<br /> (86.9) </td> <td style="background:#FF4300;color:#000000;text-align:center;">31.7<br /> (89.1) </td> <td style="background:#FF2D00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">34.9<br /> (94.8) </td> <td style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">38.7<br /> (101.7) </td> <td style="background:#F80000;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">42.0<br /> (107.6) </td> <td style="background:#DF0000;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">43.8<br /> (110.8) </td> <td style="background:#EA0000;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">43.0<br /> (109.4) </td> <td style="background:#ED0000;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">42.8<br /> (109) </td> <td style="background:#ED0000;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">42.8<br /> (109) </td> <td style="background:#FF0900;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">40.1<br /> (104.2) </td> <td style="background:#FF2B00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">35.2<br /> (95.4) </td> <td style="background:#FF4100;color:#000000;text-align:center;">32.0<br /> (89.6) </td> <td style="background:#FF1700;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">38.1<br /> (100.6) </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Rata-rata harian °C (°F) </th> <td style="background:#FF7800;color:#000000;text-align:center;">24.0<br /> (75.2) </td> <td style="background:#FF7300;color:#000000;text-align:center;">24.7<br /> (76.5) </td> <td style="background:#FF6100;color:#000000;text-align:center;">27.3<br /> (81.1) </td> <td style="background:#FF4800;color:#000000;text-align:center;">31.0<br /> (87.8) </td> <td style="background:#FF3100;color:#000000;text-align:center;">34.3<br /> (93.7) </td> <td style="background:#FF2700;color:#000000;text-align:center;">35.8<br /> (96.4) </td> <td style="background:#FF2600;color:#000000;text-align:center;">35.9<br /> (96.6) </td> <td style="background:#FF2700;color:#000000;text-align:center;">35.7<br /> (96.3) </td> <td style="background:#FF2C00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">35.0<br /> (95) </td> <td style="background:#FF4000;color:#000000;text-align:center;">32.2<br /> (90) </td> <td style="background:#FF5A00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">28.4<br /> (83.1) </td> <td style="background:#FF6D00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">25.6<br /> (78.1) </td> <td style="background:#FF4900;color:#000000;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">30.8<br /> (87.4) </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Rata-rata terendah °C (°F) </th> <td style="background:#FF9C39;color:#000000;text-align:center;">18.8<br /> (65.8) </td> <td style="background:#FF9A35;color:#000000;text-align:center;">19.1<br /> (66.4) </td> <td style="background:#FF8C1A;color:#000000;text-align:center;">21.1<br /> (70) </td> <td style="background:#FF7500;color:#000000;text-align:center;">24.5<br /> (76.1) </td> <td style="background:#FF5F00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">27.6<br /> (81.7) </td> <td style="background:#FF5800;color:#000000;text-align:center;">28.6<br /> (83.5) </td> <td style="background:#FF5500;color:#000000;text-align:center;">29.1<br /> (84.4) </td> <td style="background:#FF5200;color:#000000;text-align:center;">29.5<br /> (85.1) </td> <td style="background:#FF5600;color:#000000;text-align:center;">28.9<br /> (84) </td> <td style="background:#FF6B00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">25.9<br /> (78.6) </td> <td style="background:#FF7F00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">23.0<br /> (73.4) </td> <td style="background:#FF9225;color:#000000;text-align:center;">20.3<br /> (68.5) </td> <td style="background:#FF7300;color:#000000;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">24.7<br /> (76.5) </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Rekor terendah °C (°F) </th> <td style="background:#FFD2A5;color:#000000;text-align:center;">11.0<br /> (51.8) </td> <td style="background:#FFD9B3;color:#000000;text-align:center;">10.0<br /> (50) </td> <td style="background:#FFC489;color:#000000;text-align:center;">13.0<br /> (55.4) </td> <td style="background:#FFB266;color:#000000;text-align:center;">15.6<br /> (60.1) </td> <td style="background:#FF9225;color:#000000;text-align:center;">20.3<br /> (68.5) </td> <td style="background:#FF860D;color:#000000;text-align:center;">22.0<br /> (71.6) </td> <td style="background:#FF7C00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">23.4<br /> (74.1) </td> <td style="background:#FF7C00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">23.4<br /> (74.1) </td> <td style="background:#FF860D;color:#000000;text-align:center;">22.0<br /> (71.6) </td> <td style="background:#FFA144;color:#000000;text-align:center;">18.0<br /> (64.4) </td> <td style="background:#FFAC5A;color:#000000;text-align:center;">16.4<br /> (61.5) </td> <td style="background:#FFC892;color:#000000;text-align:center;">12.4<br /> (54.3) </td> <td style="background:#FFD9B3;color:#000000;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">10.0<br /> (50) </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16"><a href="/wiki/Presipitasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Presipitasi">Presipitasi</a> mm (inci) </th> <td style="background:#E0FFE0;color:#000000;text-align:center;">20.8<br /> (0.819) </td> <td style="background:#FAFFFA;color:#000000;text-align:center;">3.0<br /> (0.118) </td> <td style="background:#F6FFF6;color:#000000;text-align:center;">5.5<br /> (0.217) </td> <td style="background:#EFFFEF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">10.3<br /> (0.406) </td> <td style="background:#FDFFFD;color:#000000;text-align:center;">1.2<br /> (0.047) </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">0.0<br /> (0) </td> <td style="background:#FCFFFC;color:#000000;text-align:center;">1.4<br /> (0.055) </td> <td style="background:#F7FFF7;color:#000000;text-align:center;">5.0<br /> (0.197) </td> <td style="background:#F6FFF6;color:#000000;text-align:center;">5.4<br /> (0.213) </td> <td style="background:#E9FFE9;color:#000000;text-align:center;">14.5<br /> (0.571) </td> <td style="background:#DCFFDC;color:#000000;text-align:center;">22.6<br /> (0.89) </td> <td style="background:#DEFFDE;color:#000000;text-align:center;">22.1<br /> (0.87) </td> <td style="background:#F0FFF0;color:#000000;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">111.8<br /> (4.402) </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16"><span style="font-size:90%">Rata-rata hari hujan atau bersalju </span> </th> <td style="background:#CDCDFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">4.0 </td> <td style="background:#F2F2FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">0.9 </td> <td style="background:#E8E8FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">1.8 </td> <td style="background:#E8E8FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">1.8 </td> <td style="background:#F6F6FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">0.7 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">0.0 </td> <td style="background:#FBFBFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">0.3 </td> <td style="background:#ECECFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">1.5 </td> <td style="background:#E5E5FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">2.0 </td> <td style="background:#E7E7FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">1.9 </td> <td style="background:#CDCDFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">3.9 </td> <td style="background:#D2D2FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">3.6 </td> <td style="background:#E7E7FF;color:#000000;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">22.4 </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">% <a href="/wiki/Kelembapan" title="Kelembapan">kelembapan</a> </th> <td style="background:#2121FF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">58 </td> <td style="background:#3030FF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">54 </td> <td style="background:#4747FF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">48 </td> <td style="background:#5A5AFF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">43 </td> <td style="background:#7575FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">36 </td> <td style="background:#8080FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">33 </td> <td style="background:#7C7CFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">34 </td> <td style="background:#6969FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">39 </td> <td style="background:#5252FF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">45 </td> <td style="background:#3F3FFF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">50 </td> <td style="background:#2121FF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">58 </td> <td style="background:#1D1DFF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">59 </td> <td style="background:#1D1DFF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">59 </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16"><span style="font-size:90%">Rata-rata sinar matahari bulanan</span> </th> <td style="background:#E5E500;color:#000000;text-align:center;">260.4 </td> <td style="background:#E8E800;color:#000000;text-align:center;">245.8 </td> <td style="background:#EAEA01;color:#000000;text-align:center;">282.1 </td> <td style="background:#ECEC06;color:#000000;text-align:center;">282.0 </td> <td style="background:#EFEF0D;color:#000000;text-align:center;">303.8 </td> <td style="background:#F5F51C;color:#000000;text-align:center;">321.0 </td> <td style="background:#F1F112;color:#000000;text-align:center;">313.1 </td> <td style="background:#EEEE0A;color:#000000;text-align:center;">297.6 </td> <td style="background:#ECEC06;color:#000000;text-align:center;">282.0 </td> <td style="background:#EEEE0B;color:#000000;text-align:center;">300.7 </td> <td style="background:#E8E800;color:#000000;text-align:center;">264.0 </td> <td style="background:#E2E200;color:#000000;text-align:center;">248.0 </td> <td style="background:#EBEB05;color:#000000;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">3.400,5 </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16"><span style="font-size:90%">Rata-rata sinar matahari harian</span> </th> <td style="background:#E6E600;color:#000000;text-align:center;">8.4 </td> <td style="background:#E8E800;color:#000000;text-align:center;">8.7 </td> <td style="background:#EBEB03;color:#000000;text-align:center;">9.1 </td> <td style="background:#EDED09;color:#000000;text-align:center;">9.4 </td> <td style="background:#F0F010;color:#000000;text-align:center;">9.8 </td> <td style="background:#F6F61F;color:#000000;text-align:center;">10.7 </td> <td style="background:#F2F215;color:#000000;text-align:center;">10.1 </td> <td style="background:#EEEE0C;color:#000000;text-align:center;">9.6 </td> <td style="background:#EDED09;color:#000000;text-align:center;">9.4 </td> <td style="background:#EFEF0E;color:#000000;text-align:center;">9.7 </td> <td style="background:#E9E900;color:#000000;text-align:center;">8.8 </td> <td style="background:#E3E300;color:#000000;text-align:center;">8.0 </td> <td style="background:#ECEC07;color:#000000;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">9.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:85%"><i>Sumber #1: Jeddah Regional Climate Center<sup id="cite_ref-JRCC_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JRCC-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"><i>Sumber #2: <a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Wetterdienst" title="Deutscher Wetterdienst">Deutscher Wetterdienst</a> (sun, 1986–2000)<sup id="cite_ref-DWD_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DWD-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Mecca_from_Jabal_Nur.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Mecca_from_Jabal_Nur.JPG/220px-Mecca_from_Jabal_Nur.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Mecca_from_Jabal_Nur.JPG/330px-Mecca_from_Jabal_Nur.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Mecca_from_Jabal_Nur.JPG/440px-Mecca_from_Jabal_Nur.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Pemandangan Kota Mekkah dari <a href="/wiki/Jabal_an-Nur" title="Jabal an-Nur">Jabal Nur</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Perkembangan kota Makkah tidak terlepas dari keberadaan <a href="/wiki/Nabi_Ismail" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabi Ismail">Nabi Ismail</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Hajar" title="Hajar">Hajar</a> sebagai penduduk pertama kota ini yang ditempatkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Nabi_Ibrahim" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabi Ibrahim">Nabi Ibrahim</a> atas perintah Allah.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada perkembangannya muncul orang-orang <a href="/wiki/Jurhum" title="Jurhum">Jurhum</a> yang akhirnya tinggal di sana. Nabi Ismail menikah dengan putri Muzaz bin Amr (seorang tokoh dari kabilah Jurhum).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Keturunan Nabi Ismail dari pernikahan ini kemudian berkembang menjadi penduduk Makkah. </p><p>Pada masa berikutnya kota ini dipimpin oleh <a href="/wiki/Quraisy" class="mw-redirect" title="Quraisy">Quraisy</a> yang merupakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kabilah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kabilah (halaman belum tersedia)">kabilah</a> atau suku yang utama di Jazirah Arab karena memiliki hak pemeliharaan terhadap Ka'bah. Suku ini terkenal dalam bidang perdagangan bahkan pada masa itu aktivitas dagang mereka dikenal hingga <a href="/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus">Damaskus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palestina" title="Palestina">Palestina</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a>. Tokoh sebagai kepala kabilah Quraisy adalah Qussai yang dilanjutkan oleh Abdul Muthalib. Pada saat itu, Makkah tidak berbentuk kerajaan, melainkan hanya sebagai tempat tinggal suku Quraisy. Pada musim panas, suku Quraisy biasa pindah ke Syam, sedangkan pada musim dingin pindah ke Yaman. Meskipun demikian, sudah ada pembagian jabatan di Makkah. Diantaranya:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Hijabah (pemegang kunci pintu Ka'bah)</li> <li>Siqaayah (pengawas mata air zam-zam)</li> <li>Rifaadah (penyedia makanan bagi tamu Makkah)</li> <li>Liwaa' (pengatur panji perang)</li> <li>Qiyaadah (pemimpin pasukan perang)</li></ol> <p>Pada tahun <a href="/wiki/571" title="571">571</a>, Nabi Muhammad keturunan langsung dari Nabi Ismail serta Qussai, lahir di kota ini dan tumbuh dewasa. Pertama kali menerima wahyu dari Allah namun ajarannya ditolak kaumnya yang saat itu masih berada dalam kegelapan pemikiran (Jahiliah) sehingga berpindah ke <a href="/wiki/Madinah" title="Madinah">Madinah</a>. Setelah Madinah berkembang, akhirnya Nabi Muhammad kembali ke Makkah dalam misi membebaskan kota Makkah tanpa pertumpahan darah yang dikenal dengan <i>Fathul Makkah</i> pada tahun 630 (8 Hijriyah). </p><p>Pada masa selanjutnya Makkah berada di bawah administrasi <a href="/wiki/Khulafaur_Rasyidin" title="Khulafaur Rasyidin">Khulafaur Rasyidin</a>. Pada masa ini, Makkah tidak dijadikan pusat pemerintahan. Pusat pemerintahan Khulafaur Rasyidin tetap berada di <a href="/wiki/Madinah" title="Madinah">Madinah</a>. Setelah itu Makkah berada di bawah administrasi para <a href="/wiki/Khalifah" title="Khalifah">Khalifah</a> yang saat itu berkuasa di <a href="/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus">Damaskus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dinasti" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinasti">Dinasti</a> <a href="/wiki/Bani_Umayyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Bani Umayyah">Ummayyah</a>), <a href="/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad">Bagdad</a> (Dinasti <a href="/wiki/Bani_Abbasiyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Bani Abbasiyah">Abbasiyah</a>), dan <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Utsmaniyah" title="Kesultanan Utsmaniyah">Usmaniah</a>). Kemudian setelah hancurnya sistem kekhalifahan, kota ini dikuasai oleh Syarif Makkah yang ikut melawan pemerintah Usmaniah dan tak selang beberapa lama berhasil direbut dan disatukan dalam pemerintahan <a href="/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi">Arab Saudi</a> oleh <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Aziz_bin_Saud" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul Aziz bin Saud">Abdul Aziz bin Saud</a> yang kemudian menjadi pelayan bagi kedua kota suci <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, Makkah dan Madinah. Gelar yang biasa disandang para penguasa yang pernah memimpin dua kota suci tersebut<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pemerintahan">Pemerintahan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Pemerintahan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pemerintahan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sistem administrasi pemerintahan Kota Makkah, dipimpin oleh seorang wali kota (disebut <i>amir)</i> yang ditunjuk oleh Pemerintah <a href="/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi">Arab Saudi</a> dan dibantu oleh majelis dewan kota yang dipilih oleh masyarakat setempat sebanyak empat belas orang. Kota Makkah juga merupakan ibu kota dari Provinsi Makkah, di mana sejak tanggal 16 Mei 2007, yang diangkat menjadi Gubernur provinsi tersebut adalah Pangeran Khalid Al Faisal.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomi">Ekonomi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Ekonomi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Ekonomi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kota Makkah dikenal sebagai kota dagang, pada masa lalu dikenal dengan jalur perdagangan antara <a href="/wiki/Yaman" title="Yaman">Yaman</a>-Mekkah-<a href="/wiki/Madinah" title="Madinah">Madinah</a>-Damsyiq (<a href="/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus">Damaskus</a>) dengan penghasilan sekali pemberangkatan kafilah mencapai 600.000 pound. Selain dikenal sebagai kota dagang, ekonomi juga bertumpu dengan pertanian dan peternakan serta pelayanan jasa untuk jemaah haji, diantaranya usaha perhotelan dan penginapan<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pendidikan">Pendidikan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Pendidikan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pendidikan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sebagai pusat agama Islam selain Madinah, kota ini memiliki pusat pusat pendidikan dan pengajaran agama Islam. Pendidikan formal telah mulai dikembangkan sejak akhir periode <a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Utsmaniyah" title="Kesultanan Utsmaniyah">Usmani</a> perlahan terus sampai kemudian pada tahun 1912, Muhammad Ali Zaynal ʿ Ridha, seorang pedagang dari <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a>, mendirikan Madrasah al-Falah di Makkah dengan biaya waktu itu £400.000.<sup id="cite_ref-EIModern_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIModern-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sampai pada tahun 2005, di Makkah terdapat 532 sekolah umum atau swasta untuk pria dan 681 sekolah umum atau swasta untuk siswa perempuan.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sedangkan perguruan tinggi pertama kali didirikan di kota ini adalah sekitar tahun 1949, dengan nama <i>Kulliyyat al-Shar'ía</i>, yang kemudian menjadi Fakultas Shar'iah dari Universitas King Abdul Aziz yang berada di <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosworth_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosworth-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kesehatan">Kesehatan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Kesehatan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kesehatan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sebagai kota suci umat Islam dan tempat menunaikan ibadah haji, kota Makkah setiap tahunnya menerima kunjungan dari umat Islam dari berbagai negara, tentunya fasilitas kesehatan merupakan fasilitas pendukung utama yang menjadi perhatian khusus bagi pemerintah Arab Saudi.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosworth_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosworth-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Masjidilharam">Masjidilharam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Masjidilharam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Masjidilharam"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Christian_Bypass.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Christian_Bypass.jpg/300px-Christian_Bypass.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Christian_Bypass.jpg/450px-Christian_Bypass.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Christian_Bypass.jpg/600px-Christian_Bypass.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1386" data-file-height="632" /></a><figcaption>Rambu Petunjuk "Non-Muslim Bypass": Non-Muslim tidak diizinkan memasuki kota Mekkah.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Masjidil_Haram" title="Masjidil Haram">Masjidil Haram</a></div> <p>Masjidilharam, kadang kala disebut juga dengan Masjid al-Haram ataupun <i>Al-Masjid al-Ḥarām</i> (Arab: <big><b>المسجد الحرام</b></big>), merupakan masjid yang terletak di Kota Makkah Al Mukharamah, yang dibangun mengelilingi <a href="/wiki/Ka%27bah" title="Ka'bah">Ka'bah</a>, yang menjadi arah kiblat umat Islam dalam mengerjakan ibadah <a href="/wiki/Shalat" class="mw-redirect" title="Shalat">salat</a>. Selain itu di masjid inilah salah satu rukun ibadah haji yang wajib dilakukan umat Islam yaitu <i>tawaf</i>, mengelilingi Ka'bah sebanyak tujuh kali. </p><p>Sebagai kota suci umat <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, berdasarkan hukum yang berlaku di Arab Saudi, bagi non-Muslim tidak diizinkan memasuki kota Mekkah ini.<sup id="cite_ref-peters_206_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-peters_206-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ka'bah"><span id="Ka.27bah"></span>Ka'bah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Ka'bah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Ka'bah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Ka%27bah" title="Ka'bah">Ka'bah</a></div> <p>Ka'bah (Arab: <b>الكعبة</b>) merupakan sebuah bangunan yang mendekati bentuk kubus yang terletak di tengah Masjidil Haram di Kota Makkah. Bangunan ini adalah monumen suci bagi umat <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. Bangunan ini menjadi patokan arah <a href="/wiki/Kiblat" title="Kiblat">kiblat</a> untuk ibadah <a href="/wiki/Salat" title="Salat">salat</a>, bagi umat Islam di seluruh dunia<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Air_Zamzam">Air Zamzam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Air Zamzam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Air Zamzam"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Zamzam" title="Zamzam">Zamzam</a></div> <p>Zamzam (Arab: <b>زمزم</b>) merupakan nama <a href="/wiki/Air" title="Air">air</a> yang diperoleh dari sebuah sumur mata air bawah tanah yang terletak dalam kawasan Masjidilharam, sebelah tenggara <a href="/wiki/Ka%27bah" title="Ka'bah">Ka'bah</a>, dengan kedalaman sekitar 42 meter. Air zamzam ini merupakan sumber air bersih utama bagi kota Makkah. Selain dikonsumsi untuk air minum, air ini juga digunakan sebagai air <a href="/wiki/Wudu" title="Wudu">wudu</a> bagi jemaah yang akan melakukan ibadah salat di Masjidilharam.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Zamzamwill.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Zamzamwill.JPG/200px-Zamzamwill.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Zamzamwill.JPG/300px-Zamzamwill.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Zamzamwill.JPG/400px-Zamzamwill.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Jemaah berwudu dari air zamzam.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kota-kota_dalam_Ibadah_Haji">Kota-kota dalam Ibadah Haji</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Kota-kota dalam Ibadah Haji" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kota-kota dalam Ibadah Haji"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Makkahi_mukarramah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Makkahi_mukarramah.jpg/200px-Makkahi_mukarramah.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Makkahi_mukarramah.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="385" /></a><figcaption>Pintu masuk <a href="/wiki/Masjidil_Haram" title="Masjidil Haram">Masjidil Haram</a> dan Hotel Dar Al Tawheed.</figcaption></figure> <p>Selain Makkah, kota atau daerah yang digunakan dalam peribadatan haji yakni <a href="/wiki/Mina" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Mina">Mina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muzdalifah" title="Muzdalifah">Muzdalifah</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Arafah" title="Arafah">Arafah</a>, kemudian terdapat kota atau daerah yang digunakan para jemaah haji untuk memulai prosesinya antara lain <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bir_Ali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bir Ali (halaman belum tersedia)">Bir Ali</a> atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dzulkulaifah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dzulkulaifah (halaman belum tersedia)">Dzulkulaifah</a> yang berada di luar kota Madinah sebagai patokan jemaah yang berasal dari Madinah, serta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qarnul_Manazil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qarnul Manazil (halaman belum tersedia)">Qarnul Manazil</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Yalamlam" title="Yalamlam">Yalamlam</a> bagi jemaah haji yang masuk dari arah Yaman<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Makkiyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Makkiyah">Surah-surah Makkiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_ekspedisi_Muhammad" title="Daftar ekspedisi Muhammad">Daftar ekspedisi Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waktu_Mekkah" title="Waktu Mekkah">Waktu Mekkah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdurrahman_As-Sudais" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdurrahman As-Sudais">Abdurrahman As-Sudais</a> Imam besar <a href="/wiki/Masjidil_Haram" title="Masjidil Haram">Masjidilharam</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catatan">Catatan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Catatan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Catatan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:IPA_untuk_bahasa_Inggris" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantuan:IPA untuk bahasa Inggris">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">bahasa Arab</a>: <span lang="ar"><a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="wikt:مكة">مكة</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-Cite_quran|48|22|e=29|s=ns_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cite_quran|48|22|e=29|s=ns-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arab language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">Makkah</i></span></i> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24300501">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .reference-text .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pelafalan dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Hijazi_Arabic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Hijazi Arabic (halaman belum tersedia)">bahasa Hijazi Arabic</a>:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="acw-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa_Arab_Hijaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa Arab Hijaz (halaman belum tersedia)">[ˈmakːa]</a></span>)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18833634"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Rahardjo, M. Dawam (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w54OAAAAIAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Makkah%22&q=%22Makkah%22&hl=id"><i>Perspektif deklarasi Makkah: menuju ekonomi Islam</i></a>. Mizan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Perspektif+deklarasi+Makkah%3A+menuju+ekonomi+Islam&rft.pub=Mizan&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Rahardjo&rft.aufirst=M.+Dawam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw54OAAAAIAAJ%26newbks%3D0%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3D%2522Makkah%2522%26q%3D%2522Makkah%2522%26hl%3Did&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMakkah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cite_quran|48|22|e=29|s=ns-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cite_quran|48|22|e=29|s=ns_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/id/48/22-29">48:22-29</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/Makkah">"Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa — KBBI VI Daring"</a>. <i>KBBI VI Daring</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">24 Februari</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KBBI+VI+Daring&rft.atitle=Badan+Pengembangan+dan+Pembinaan+Bahasa+%E2%80%94+KBBI+VI+Daring&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkbbi.kemdikbud.go.id%2Fentri%2FMakkah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMakkah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Merriam-Webster, Inc (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Co_VIPIJerIC&pg=PA724"><i>Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary</i></a>. hlm. 724. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-87779-546-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-87779-546-9">978-0-87779-546-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster%27s+Geographical+Dictionary&rft.pages=724&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-87779-546-9&rft.aulast=Merriam-Webster&rft.aufirst=Inc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCo_VIPIJerIC%26pg%3DPA724&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMakkah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macrotrends.net/cities/22426/mecca/population">"Mecca, Saudi Arabia Metro Area Population 1950-2023"</a>. <i>www.macrotrends.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2023-04-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.macrotrends.net&rft.atitle=Mecca%2C+Saudi+Arabia+Metro+Area+Population+1950-2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.macrotrends.net%2Fcities%2F22426%2Fmecca%2Fpopulation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMakkah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Khan, A M (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZcMHD5WWL7AC&pg=PA26"><i>Historical Value Of The Qur An And The Hadith</i></a>. Global Vision Publishing Ho. hlm. 26–. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-81-87746-47-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-81-87746-47-8">978-81-87746-47-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Value+Of+The+Qur+An+And+The+Hadith&rft.pages=26-&rft.pub=Global+Vision+Publishing+Ho&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-81-87746-47-8&rft.au=Khan%2C+A+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZcMHD5WWL7AC%26pg%3DPA26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMakkah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Al-Laithy, Ahmed (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5ShMqiiJbNYC&pg=PA61"><i>What Everyone Should Know About the Qur'an</i></a>. Garant. hlm. 61–. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-90-441-1774-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-90-441-1774-5">978-90-441-1774-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Everyone+Should+Know+About+the+Qur%27an&rft.pages=61-&rft.pub=Garant&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-90-441-1774-5&rft.au=Al-Laithy%2C+Ahmed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5ShMqiiJbNYC%26pg%3DPA61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMakkah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hossein_Nasr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hossein Nasr (halaman belum tersedia)">Nasr, Seyyed</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/meccablessedmedi0000noma"><i>Mecca, The Blessed, Medina, The Radiant: The Holiest Cities of Islam</i></a>. Aperture. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-89381-752-X" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-89381-752-X">0-89381-752-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mecca%2C+The+Blessed%2C+Medina%2C+The+Radiant%3A+The+Holiest+Cities+of+Islam&rft.pub=Aperture&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-89381-752-X&rft.aulast=Nasr&rft.aufirst=Seyyed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmeccablessedmedi0000noma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMakkah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-independent-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-independent_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Taylor, Jerome (24 September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170616174556/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/mecca-for-the-rich-islams-holiest-site-turning-into-vegas-2360114.html">"Mecca for the rich: Islam's holiest site 'turning into Vegas<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">'</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/mecca-for-the-rich-islams-holiest-site-turning-into-vegas-2360114.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 16 Juni 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Mecca+for+the+rich%3A+Islam%27s+holiest+site+%27turning+into+Vegas%27&rft.date=2011-09-24&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Jerome&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fmecca-for-the-rich-islams-holiest-site-turning-into-vegas-2360114.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMakkah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A Saudi tower: Mecca versus Las Vegas: Taller, holier and even more popular than (almost) anywhere else, <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a> (24 Juni 2010), Kairo.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fattah, Hassan M.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/20/international/middleeast/20mecca.html">Islamic Pilgrims Bring Cosmopolitan Air to Unlikely City</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140924045207/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/20/international/middleeast/20mecca.html">Diarsipkan</a> 24 September 2014 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> (20 Januari 2005).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-peters_2062-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-peters_2062_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Peters, Francis E. (1994). <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hajjmuslimpilgri0000pete"><i>The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places</i><span style="padding-left:0.15em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)"><img alt="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></a></span>. Princeton University Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hajjmuslimpilgri0000pete/page/206">206</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-691-02619-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-691-02619-0">978-0-691-02619-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hajj%3A+The+Muslim+Pilgrimage+to+Mecca+and+the+Holy+Places&rft.pages=206&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-691-02619-0&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Francis+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhajjmuslimpilgri0000pete&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMakkah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/John_Esposito" title="John Esposito">Esposito, John L.</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2wSVQI3Ya2EC&pg=PA25"><i>What everyone needs to know about Islam</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. hlm. 25. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-979413-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-979413-3">978-0-19-979413-3</a>. <q>Mecca, like Medina, is closed to non-Muslims</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+everyone+needs+to+know+about+Islam&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-19-979413-3&rft.aulast=Esposito&rft.aufirst=John+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2wSVQI3Ya2EC%26pg%3DPA25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMakkah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digilib.uinsby.ac.id/12551/3/Bab%201.pdf">Makkah dalam Geografi</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220725153554/https://digilib.uinsby.ac.id/12551/3/Bab%201.pdf">Diarsipkan</a> 2022-07-25 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. <i>Uinsby.ac.id</i>, diakses tanggal 24-7-2022</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nina M. Armando (2005) "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/57725595-ensiklopedi-islam">Ensiklopedi Islam 5</a>" Jakarta : Ichtiar Baru van Hoeve</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JRCC-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JRCC_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120512182826/http://jrcc.sa/reports_files/1985_2010Reports/Mecca.RTF">"Climate Data for Saudi Arabia"</a>. Jeddah Regional Climate Center. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jrcc.sa/reports_files/1985_2010Reports/Mecca.RTF">versi asli</a> tanggal 2012-05-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+Data+for+Saudi+Arabia&rft.pub=Jeddah+Regional+Climate+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjrcc.sa%2Freports_files%2F1985_2010Reports%2FMecca.RTF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMakkah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DWD-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DWD_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_410300_kt.pdf">"Klimatafel von Mekka (al-Makkah) / Saudi-Arabien"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world</i> (dalam bahasa German). Deutscher Wetterdienst<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baseline+climate+means+%281961-1990%29+from+stations+all+over+the+world&rft.atitle=Klimatafel+von+Mekka+%28al-Makkah%29+%2F+Saudi-Arabien&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dwd.de%2FDWD%2Fklima%2Fberatung%2Fak%2Fak_410300_kt.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMakkah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Al-A'zami, M.M., (2005), <i>Sejarah Teks Al-Qur'an dari Wahyu sampai Kompilasi</i>, (terj.), Jakarta: Gema Insani Press, <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9795619373" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 979-561-937-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UWetNGfC5DoC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA18&dq=%22Makkah%22&hl=id"><i>History of Makkah</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Darussalam. 2002. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-9960-892-02-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-9960-892-02-3">978-9960-892-02-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Makkah&rft.pub=Darussalam&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-9960-892-02-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUWetNGfC5DoC%26newbks%3D0%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26pg%3DPA18%26dq%3D%2522Makkah%2522%26hl%3Did&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMakkah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071230063703/http://www.spa.gov.sa/English/details.php?id=450421">"Prince Khalid Alfaisal Appointed as Governor of Makkah Region"</a>. Saudi Press Agency. 16 Mei 2007. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spa.gov.sa/English/details.php?id=450421">versi asli</a> tanggal 2007-12-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2008-01-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prince+Khalid+Alfaisal+Appointed+as+Governor+of+Makkah+Region&rft.pub=Saudi+Press+Agency&rft.date=2007-05-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spa.gov.sa%2FEnglish%2Fdetails.php%3Fid%3D450421&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMakkah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://repository.iainpekalongan.ac.id/507/1/Karya%20Pengabdian_Hadis_Ekonomi_Secara_Kontekstual.pdf">Pengabdian Hadis Ekonomi Secara Kontekstual</a>. <i>iainpekalongan.ac.id</i>, <a href="/wiki/Hadis" title="Hadis">Hadis</a>, diakses tanggal 24-7-2022</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EIModern-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EIModern_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Makka – The Modern City", <i>Encyclopaedia of Islam</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Statistical information department of the ministry of education:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moe.gov.sa/statscenter/tawzee.rar">Statistical summary for education in Saudi Arabia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222091009/http://www.moe.gov.sa/statscenter/tawzee.rar">Diarsipkan</a> 2015-12-22 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (AR)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bosworth-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bosworth_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosworth_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bosworth, Clifford Edmund, (2007), <i>Historic Cities of The Islamic World</i>, Netherlands: BRILL, <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9789004153882" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-90-04-15388-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-peters_206-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-peters_206_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Peters, Francis E. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hajjmuslimpilgri0000pete"><i>The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places</i></a>. Princeton University Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hajjmuslimpilgri0000pete/page/206">206</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/069102619X" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/069102619X">069102619X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hajj%3A+The+Muslim+Pilgrimage+to+Mecca+and+the+Holy+Places&rft.pages=206&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=069102619X&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Francis+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhajjmuslimpilgri0000pete&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMakkah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abbah.yolasite.com/resources/SEJARAH%20KA%27ABAH.pdf">Ka'bah dalam Sejarah Makkah</a> <i>abbah.yolasite.com</i>, diakses tanggal 24-7-2022</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprints.umm.ac.id/46773/3/BAB%202.pdf">Zam-zam</a>, <i>eprints.umm.ac.id</i>, diakses tanggal 24-7-2022</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://haji.kemenag.go.id/v4/sites/default/files/2020-04/Buku%20Tuntunan%20Manasik%20Haji.pdf">Tuntunan Manasik Haji</a> <i>kemenag.go.id</i>, diakses tanggal 24-7-2022</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Arab" lang="Arab">(Arab)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.holymakkah.gov.sa/">Situs web resmi Kota Mekkah</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170704180759/http://www1.holymakkah.gov.sa/">Diarsipkan</a> 2017-07-04 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qiblafinder.withgoogle.com/">Qibla Finder</a> - Petunjuk arah kiblat</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170317055002/http://www.holymakkah.gov.sa/en/Pages/default.aspx">Holy Makkah Municipality</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saudinf.com/main/a83.htm">Saudi Information Resource – Holy Makkah</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050721135336/https://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/b/burton/richard/b97p/chapter27.html">Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al Madinah and Makkahh, by Richard Burton</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Daftar_pustaka">Daftar pustaka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bagian: Daftar pustaka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Daftar pustaka"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="iw" class="citation book">the editors of Time-Life Books. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whatlifewaslikei0000unse"><i>What life was like in the lands of the prophet: Islamic world, AD 570–1405</i></a>. Time-Life Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7835-5465-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7835-5465-5">978-0-7835-5465-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+life+was+like+in+the+lands+of+the+prophet%3A+Islamic+world%2C+AD+570%E2%80%931405&rft.pub=Time-Life+Books&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-7835-5465-5&rft.au=the+editors+of+Time-Life+Books.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhatlifewaslikei0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMakkah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="Lapidus" class="citation book">Lapidus, Ira M. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofislamic0000lapi"><i>A History of Islamic Societies</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-22552-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-22552-6">978-0-521-22552-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Islamic+Societies&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-521-22552-6&rft.au=Lapidus%2C+Ira+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofislamic0000lapi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMakkah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bacaan_lanjutan">Bacaan lanjutan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Sunting bagian: Bacaan lanjutan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makkah&action=edit&section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bacaan lanjutan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Garis_waktu_Mekkah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garis waktu Mekkah (halaman belum tersedia)">Garis waktu Mekkah § Bibliografi</a></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBianca,_Stefano2000" class="citation"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stefano_Bianca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stefano Bianca (halaman belum tersedia)">Bianca, Stefano</a> (2000), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tkq3a0bXBa0C&pg=PA218">"Case Study 1: The Holy Cities of Islam – The Impact of Mass Transportation and Rapid Urban Change"</a>, <i>Urban Form in the Arab World</i>, Zurich: <a href="/wiki/ETH_Zurich" class="mw-redirect" title="ETH Zurich">ETH Zurich</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-7281-1972-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-7281-1972-8">978-3-7281-1972-8</a>, 0500282056</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Case+Study+1%3A+The+Holy+Cities+of+Islam+%E2%80%93+The+Impact+of+Mass+Transportation+and+Rapid+Urban+Change&rft.btitle=Urban+Form+in+the+Arab+World&rft.place=Zurich&rft.pub=ETH+Zurich&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-3-7281-1972-8&rft.au=Bianca%2C+Stefano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dtkq3a0bXBa0C%26pg%3DPA218&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMakkah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Bosworth, C. Edmund, ed. (2007). "Mecca". <i>Historic Cities of the Islamic World</i>. Leiden: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koninklijke_Brill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koninklijke Brill (halaman belum tersedia)">Koninklijke Brill</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mecca&rft.btitle=Historic+Cities+of+the+Islamic+World&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Koninklijke+Brill&rft.date=2007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMakkah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDumper,_Michael_R._T.Stanley,_Bruce_E.2008" class="citation">Dumper, Michael R. T.; Stanley, Bruce E., ed. (2008), "Makkah", <i>Cities of the Middle East and North Africa</i>, Santa Barbara, CA: <a href="/w/index.php?title=ABC-CLIO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ABC-CLIO (halaman belum tersedia)">ABC-CLIO</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Makkah&rft.btitle=Cities+of+the+Middle+East+and+North+Africa&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+CA&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMakkah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Rosenthal, Franz; <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Khaldun">Ibn Khaldun</a> (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/muqaddimahintrod0000ibnf"><i>The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History</i></a>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-691-09797-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-691-09797-8">978-0-691-09797-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Muqaddimah%3A+An+Introduction+to+History&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=978-0-691-09797-8&rft.au=Rosenthal%2C+Franz&rft.au=Ibn+Khaldun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmuqaddimahintrod0000ibnf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMakkah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Watt, W. Montgomery. "Makka – The pre-Islamic and early Islamic periods." <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam" title="Encyclopaedia of Islam">Encyclopaedia of Islam</a></i>. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2008. Brill Online. 6 June 2008</li> <li>Winder, R.B. "Makka – The Modern City." <i>Encyclopaedia of Islam</i>. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2008. Brill Online. 2008 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://ikyariyadh.com/">https://ikyariyadh.com/</a></li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/31568/history-of-Arabia/45979/Quraysh">"Quraysh"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia (online). 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Quraysh&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pub=Britannica+Concise+Encyclopedia+%28online%29&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglobal.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F31568%2Fhistory-of-Arabia%2F45979%2FQuraysh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMakkah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25847331">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5806#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5806#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengawasan_otoritas" title="Bantuan:Pengawasan otoritas">Pengawasan otoritas</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5806#identifiers" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4038514-0">Integrated Authority File (Jerman)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISNI_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISNI (identifier)">ISNI</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121768551">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIAF_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="VIAF (identifier)">VIAF</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/157091185">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/157091185">WorldCat (via VIAF)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perpustakaan nasional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX451634">Spanyol</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119983981">Prancis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119983981">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79032243">Amerika Serikat</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000262326&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00629323">Jepang</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge129992&CON_LNG=ENG">Republik Ceko</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000974878&local_base=nlx10">Israel</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mak.bn.org.pl/cgi-bin/KHW/makwww.exe?BM=1&NU=1&IM=4&WI=9810538257005606">Polandia</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1204780/">Faceted Application of Subject Terminology</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a href="/wiki/MBAREA_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="MBAREA (identifier)">MusicBrainz</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/a1a3bf35-ff36-45ac-80af-23f7bf89aeed">area</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044893">National Archives (US)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUDOC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SUDOC (identifier)">SUDOC (Prancis)</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028076664">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/mekke">Encyclopedia of Islam</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Makkah&oldid=26019030">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Makkah&oldid=26019030</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Halaman_dengan_teks_IPA_berbahasa_Hijazi_Arabic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Halaman dengan teks IPA berbahasa Hijazi Arabic (halaman belum tersedia)">Halaman dengan teks IPA berbahasa Hijazi Arabic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Islam" title="Kategori:Islam">Islam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kota_di_Arab_Saudi" title="Kategori:Kota di Arab Saudi">Kota di Arab Saudi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kota_suci_Islam" title="Kategori:Kota suci Islam">Kota suci Islam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Tempat_suci_Islam" title="Kategori:Tempat suci Islam">Tempat suci Islam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kota_suci" title="Kategori:Kota suci">Kota suci</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Haji" title="Kategori:Haji">Haji</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_dengan_argumen_formatnum_non-numerik" title="Kategori:Halaman dengan argumen formatnum non-numerik">Halaman dengan argumen formatnum non-numerik</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_mengandung_aksara_Arab" title="Kategori:Artikel mengandung aksara Arab">Artikel mengandung aksara Arab</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_dengan_templat_IPA_usang" title="Kategori:Halaman dengan templat IPA usang">Halaman dengan templat IPA usang</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_dengan_rujukan_yang_menggunakan_parameter_yang_tidak_didukung" title="Kategori:Halaman dengan rujukan yang menggunakan parameter yang tidak didukung">Halaman dengan rujukan yang menggunakan parameter yang tidak didukung</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Templat_webarchive_tautan_wayback" title="Kategori:Templat webarchive tautan wayback">Templat webarchive tautan wayback</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_sumber_berbahasa_Inggris_(en)" title="Kategori:CS1 sumber berbahasa Inggris (en)">CS1 sumber berbahasa Inggris (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_yang_menggunakan_pranala_magis_ISBN" title="Kategori:Halaman yang menggunakan pranala magis ISBN">Halaman yang menggunakan pranala magis ISBN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Kategori:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pages_using_infobox_settlement_with_unknown_parameters" title="Kategori:Pages using infobox settlement with unknown parameters">Pages using infobox settlement with unknown parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_GND" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda GND">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_ISNI" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda ISNI">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda ISNI</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_VIAF" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda VIAF">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda VIAF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_BNE" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda BNE">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda BNE</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_BNF" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda BNF">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda BNF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_LCCN" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda LCCN">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_LNB" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda LNB">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda LNB</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_NDL" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda NDL">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda NDL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_NKC" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda NKC">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda NKC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_NLI" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda NLI">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda NLI</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_PLWABN" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda PLWABN">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda PLWABN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_FAST" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda FAST">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda FAST</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_MusicBrainz_area" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda MusicBrainz area">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda MusicBrainz area</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_NARA" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda NARA">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda NARA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_SUDOC" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda SUDOC">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda SUDOC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_TDV%C4%B0A" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda TDVİA">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda TDVİA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_WorldCat-VIAF" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda WorldCat-VIAF">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda WorldCat-VIAF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_pilihan_bertopik_geografi" title="Kategori:Artikel pilihan bertopik geografi">Artikel pilihan bertopik geografi</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Halaman ini terakhir diubah pada 11 Juli 2024, pukul 13.47.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks tersedia di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Lisensi Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa Creative Commons</a>; ketentuan tambahan mungkin berlaku. Lihat <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Ketentuan Penggunaan</a> untuk rincian lebih lanjut.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Kebijakan privasi</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tentang">Tentang Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Penyangkalan_umum">Penyangkalan</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Kode Etik</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Pengembang</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/id.wikipedia.org">Statistik</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Pernyataan kuki</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//id.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Makkah&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Tampilan seluler</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-c6tgp","wgBackendResponseTime":183,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.037","walltime":"1.250","ppvisitednodes":{"value":6145,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":130315,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":12389,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":18,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":40088,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1124.894 1 -total"," 50.47% 567.694 1 Templat:Infobox_settlement"," 45.59% 512.878 1 Templat:Infobox"," 14.55% 163.666 1 Templat:Authority_control"," 14.44% 162.475 3 Templat:Transl"," 12.88% 144.835 2 Templat:Reflist"," 6.50% 73.125 13 Templat:Cite_book"," 5.35% 60.187 1 Templat:Efn"," 4.41% 49.650 1 Templat:Weather_box"," 2.88% 32.370 2 Templat:Convert"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.695","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":21704452,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-568dbbbfd9-96cgb","timestamp":"20241110142605","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Makkah","url":"https:\/\/id.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Makkah","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q5806","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q5806","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Kontributor dari proyek Wikimedia."},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-01-10T01:07:18Z","dateModified":"2024-07-11T13:47:01Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/5c\/Mecca_from_Jabal_Nur.JPG","headline":"kota di Arab Saudi dan ibu kota provinsi Makkah"}</script> </body> </html>