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Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sir Owein" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ywain" title="Ywain – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ywain" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvain" title="Yvain – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Yvain" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ywain" title="Ywain – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ywain" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A6%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3" title="ユーウェイン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ユーウェイン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvain" title="Yvain – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Yvain" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ywain" title="Ywain – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ywain" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Legendary character and Knight of the Round Table</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Ywain_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ywain (disambiguation)">Ywain (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Fictional character</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256394594">.mw-parser-output .ib-character{border-spacing:2px 5px}.mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-header{background-color:#DEDEE2}.mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-image img{background-color:#f8f9fa}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-header{background:hsl(240,6%,20%);color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-header{background:hsl(240,6%,20%);color:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-character"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above notheme">Ywain</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ewaine.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Ewaine.png/220px-Ewaine.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Ewaine.png 1.5x" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="357" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">"Sir Ewaine, Knight of the Fountain", <a href="/wiki/Howard_Pyle" title="Howard Pyle">Howard Pyle</a>'s illustration from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_Sir_Launcelot_and_His_Companions" title="The Story of Sir Launcelot and His Companions">The Story of Sir Launcelot and His Companions</a></i> (1907)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Based on</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Owain_mab_Urien" title="Owain mab Urien">Owain mab Urien</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">In-universe information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Title</th><td class="infobox-data">Prince, Sir</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Knights_of_the_Round_Table" title="Knights of the Round Table">Knight of the Round Table</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Family</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Urien" title="Urien">Urien</a> (father), <a href="/wiki/Modron" title="Modron">Modron</a> (mother), <a href="/wiki/Morgan_le_Fay" title="Morgan le Fay">Morgan</a> (mother or step-mother), <a href="/wiki/Morfydd" title="Morfydd">Morfydd</a> (twin sister), <a href="/wiki/Mabon_ap_Modron" title="Mabon ap Modron">Mabon</a> (maternal half-brother)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Laudine" title="Laudine">Laudine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Gorre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingdom of Gorre (page does not exist)">Kingdom of Gorre</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royaume_de_Gorre" class="extiw" title="fr:Royaume de Gorre">fr</a>]</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Britons" title="Celtic Britons">Celtic Briton</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Arthurian_legend" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthurian legend">Arthurian legend</a>, <b>Ywain</b> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>, also known as <b>Yvain</b> and <b>Owain</b> among other spellings (<i>Ewaine</i>, <i>Ivain</i>, <i>Ivan</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Iwain</i>, <i>Iwein</i>, <i>Uwain</i>, <i>Uwaine</i>, <i>Ywan</i>, etc.), is a <a href="/wiki/Knights_of_the_Round_Table" title="Knights of the Round Table">Knight of the Round Table</a>. Tradition often portrays him as the son of King <a href="/wiki/Urien" title="Urien">Urien</a> of Gorre and of either the enchantress <a href="/wiki/Modron" title="Modron">Modron</a> or the sorceress <a href="/wiki/Morgan_le_Fay" title="Morgan le Fay">Morgan le Fay</a>. The historical <a href="/wiki/Owain_mab_Urien" title="Owain mab Urien">Owain mab Urien</a>, the basis of the literary character, ruled as the king of <a href="/wiki/Rheged" title="Rheged">Rheged</a> in Britain during the late-6th century. </p><p>Yvain was one of the earliest characters associated with <a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">King Arthur</a>. He was also one of the most popular, starring as the eponymous hero in <a href="/wiki/Chr%C3%A9tien_de_Troyes" title="Chrétien de Troyes">Chrétien de Troyes</a>' late-12th-century <i><a href="/wiki/Yvain,_the_Knight_of_the_Lion" title="Yvain, the Knight of the Lion">Yvain, the Knight of the Lion</a></i> and appearing prominently in many later accounts, often accompanied by his fierce pet lion. He remains Urien's son in virtually all literature in which he appears, whereas other Arthurian-legend characters based on historical figures usually lost their original familial connections in romance literature. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medieval_literature">Medieval literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ywain&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Medieval literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ywain (Yvain) takes his name from <a href="/wiki/Owain_mab_Urien" title="Owain mab Urien">Owain mab Urien</a> (Owain son of <a href="/wiki/Urien" title="Urien">Urien</a>), a historical figure of the 6th-century Brythonic kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Rheged" title="Rheged">Rheged</a> (in today's northern England and southern Scotland) at the time of the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_invasion_of_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain">Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain</a>. His name was recorded in the <a href="/wiki/Bard" title="Bard">bardic</a> tradition of <a href="/wiki/Taliesin" title="Taliesin">Taliesin</a> and became a legendary character in the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Triads" title="Welsh Triads">Welsh Triads</a>, where his father, sister, horse and personal bard are all acclaimed but his wife Penarwan is named one of the "Three Faithless Wives of Britain", along with her sister <a href="/wiki/Iseult" title="Iseult">Esyllt</a> (Iseult, <a href="/wiki/Tristan" title="Tristan">Tristan</a>'s love). In <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Geoffrey of Monmouth">Geoffrey of Monmouth</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Regum_Britanniae" title="Historia Regum Britanniae">Historia Regum Britanniae</a></i> c. 1136, he is only mentioned in passing, as succeeding his uncle, Auguselus (Angusel), King of Albany (northern Scotland). </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Lion_Sprang_upon_the_Giant.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/The_Lion_Sprang_upon_the_Giant.png/200px-The_Lion_Sprang_upon_the_Giant.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/The_Lion_Sprang_upon_the_Giant.png/300px-The_Lion_Sprang_upon_the_Giant.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/The_Lion_Sprang_upon_the_Giant.png/400px-The_Lion_Sprang_upon_the_Giant.png 2x" data-file-width="893" data-file-height="1345" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Yvain's lion coming to his aid against a giant in an illustration for <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hope_Moncrieff" title="Robert Hope Moncrieff">Ascott R. Hope</a>'s <i>The Old Tales of Chivalry, Re-told</i> (1877)</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hb-yriam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Hb-yriam.jpg/200px-Hb-yriam.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Hb-yriam.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="211" data-file-height="315" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Attributed_arms" title="Attributed arms">attributed arms</a> of Yvian (<i>Yriam</i>), son of <a href="/wiki/King_Urien" class="mw-redirect" title="King Urien">King Urien</a> (<i>Nurier</i>)</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The settlers of <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a> brought much of their insular British culture when they came to the continent, and in the 12th century, updated versions of <a href="/wiki/Breton_lai" title="Breton lai">Breton lais</a> and stories became popular with French audiences. The French poet Chrétien de Troyes wrote the romance <i><a href="/wiki/Yvain,_the_Knight_of_the_Lion" title="Yvain, the Knight of the Lion">Yvain, the Knight of the Lion</a></i> at the same time he was working on <i><a href="/wiki/Lancelot,_the_Knight_of_the_Cart" title="Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart">Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart</a></i> during the 1170s. In it, the eponymous hero Yvain seeks to avenge his cousin <a href="/wiki/Calogrenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Calogrenant">Calogrenant</a> who had been defeated by an <a href="/wiki/Otherworld" title="Otherworld">otherworldly</a> knight beside a magical storm-making fountain in the forest of <a href="/wiki/Broc%C3%A9liande" title="Brocéliande">Brocéliande</a>. Yvain defeats the knight, <a href="/wiki/Esclados" class="mw-redirect" title="Esclados">Esclados</a>, and falls in love with his widow <a href="/wiki/Laudine" title="Laudine">Laudine</a>. With the aid of Laudine's servant <a href="/wiki/Lunete" title="Lunete">Lunete</a>, Yvain wins his lady and marries her, but his cousin <a href="/wiki/Gawain" title="Gawain">Gawain</a> convinces him to embark on chivalric adventure. Yvain's wife assents but demands he return after a set period of time, but he becomes so enthralled in his knightly exploits that he forgets his lady, and she bars him from returning. Yvain goes mad with grief and lives naked in the woods (probably the earliest instance of a hero's mental illness in French literature, which later became a popular motif<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), but eventually is cured by <a href="/wiki/Morgan_le_Fay" title="Morgan le Fay">Morgan</a> and decides to win back his love. A lion he rescues from a dragon proves to be a loyal companion and a symbol of knightly virtue, and helps him complete his quest, which includes defeating the giant Harpins and two demons. In the end, Laudine, rescued from the stake, allows him and his lion to return to her fortress. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yvain-dragon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Yvain-dragon.jpg/220px-Yvain-dragon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Yvain-dragon.jpg/330px-Yvain-dragon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Yvain-dragon.jpg/440px-Yvain-dragon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="587" data-file-height="376" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Yvain saving the lion from a dragon in a 15th-century French illustration for <a href="/wiki/Chr%C3%A9tien_de_Troyes" title="Chrétien de Troyes">Chrétien</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Yvain,_the_Knight_of_the_Lion" title="Yvain, the Knight of the Lion">Yvain, the Knight of the Lion</a></i></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Schwerin_Schloss_-_Sagenraum_3_iwein.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Schwerin_Schloss_-_Sagenraum_3_iwein.jpg/220px-Schwerin_Schloss_-_Sagenraum_3_iwein.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Schwerin_Schloss_-_Sagenraum_3_iwein.jpg/330px-Schwerin_Schloss_-_Sagenraum_3_iwein.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Schwerin_Schloss_-_Sagenraum_3_iwein.jpg/440px-Schwerin_Schloss_-_Sagenraum_3_iwein.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Iwein (Yvain) is cured of madness in a 1851 German fresco at the <a href="/wiki/Schwerin_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Schwerin Palace">Schwerin Castle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg" title="Mecklenburg">Mecklenburg</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>Chrétien's <i>Yvain</i> had a huge impact on the literary world; German poet <a href="/wiki/Hartmann_von_Aue" title="Hartmann von Aue">Hartmann von Aue</a> used it as the basis for his <a href="/wiki/Middle_High_German" title="Middle High German">Middle High German</a> court epic <i><a href="/wiki/Iwein" title="Iwein">Iwein</a></i>, while the author of <i><a href="/wiki/Owain,_or_the_Lady_of_the_Fountain" class="mw-redirect" title="Owain, or the Lady of the Fountain">Owain, or the Lady of the Fountain</a></i>, one of the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Romances" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh Romances">Welsh Romances</a> included in the <i><a href="/wiki/Mabinogion" title="Mabinogion">Mabinogion</a></i>, tells essentially the same story, recasting the work in a Welsh setting. The story exists in several further versions in different languages, including the <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> <i>Ywain and Gawain</i>. However, the mysterious<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 14th-century so-called Prose <i>Yvain</i> is a mostly unrelated text and not an actual prosification of Chrétien's poem. It contains only one Yvain episode, telling of his rescue of the lion, followed by several more unrelated episodes in which Yvain is no longer main character.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yvain appears also in numerous other romances. In some of them he has alternate family relations, for example his father in <i><a href="/wiki/Sir_Perceval_of_Galles" title="Sir Perceval of Galles">Sir Perceval of Galles</a></i> is named Asoure and in <i>Claris et Laris</i> (where Yvain kills the king of Turkey, Corsabrin) he has a sister named Marine.<sup id="cite_ref-and_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-and-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As <b>Yvain the Great</b> (or Yvain the Tall), he appears in all the 13th-century prose accounts of the <a href="/wiki/Vulgate_Cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulgate Cycle">Vulgate Cycle</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Post-Vulgate_Cycle" title="Post-Vulgate Cycle">Post-Vulgate Cycle</a>, and consequently in <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Malory" title="Thomas Malory">Thomas Malory</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Morte_d%27Arthur" title="Le Morte d'Arthur">Le Morte d'Arthur</a></i>. Yvain's mother is often said to be <a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">King Arthur</a>'s half-sister, making him Arthur's nephew. This sister is Morgan in the Post-Vulgate Cycle and <i>Le Morte d'Arthur</i> (causing Yvain to be banished from the court of <a href="/wiki/Camelot" title="Camelot">Camelot</a> after Morgan's attempts on Arthur's life), but other works name another of their siblings, such as Queen Brimesent in the Vulgate <i>Merlin</i>. Yvain is nephew of <a href="/wiki/Morgause" title="Morgause">Morgause</a> and <a href="/wiki/King_Lot" title="King Lot">King Lot</a>, and thus cousin to Gawain, <a href="/wiki/Agravain" title="Agravain">Agravain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaheris" title="Gaheris">Gaheris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gareth" title="Gareth">Gareth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mordred" title="Mordred">Mordred</a>. He has a half-brother (with whom he is often confused) named <a href="/wiki/Yvain_the_Bastard" class="mw-redirect" title="Yvain the Bastard">Yvain the Bastard</a>, son of Urien and his <a href="/wiki/Seneschal" title="Seneschal">seneschal</a>'s wife (and also another half-brother named Galeguinant in the Prose <i>Lancelot</i>). In his version, Malory merged Yvain the Great with the character of <a href="/wiki/Knights_of_the_Round_Table#Yvain_of_the_White_Hands" title="Knights of the Round Table">Yvain of the White Hands</a>, previously an unrelated Knight of the Round Table, and also made him father of <a href="/wiki/Yder" class="mw-redirect" title="Yder">Yder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-and_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-and-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the cyclical prose tradition, Yvain fights in Arthur's war against the <a href="/wiki/Saxons" title="Saxons">Saxons</a> (<a href="/wiki/Saracens" class="mw-redirect" title="Saracens">Saracens</a> in the English versions), <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Tiberius" title="Lucius Tiberius">Lucius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claudas" title="Claudas">Claudas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Galehaut" title="Galehaut">Galehaut</a>, and undergoes in many various quests and adventures, some of these during his banishment from <a href="/wiki/Camelot" title="Camelot">Camelot</a> following the conflict between King Arthur and his mother. These include his failed attempt to defeat the evil giant Malduit (eventually slain by <a href="/wiki/Bors_the_Younger" class="mw-redirect" title="Bors the Younger">Bors the Younger</a>), his participation in the liberation of the <a href="/wiki/Castle_of_Maidens" class="mw-redirect" title="Castle of Maidens">Castle of Maidens</a>, and saving the life of a younger Mordred injured in a tournament. Yvain's importance is indicated by his close friendship with Gawain and by the passage in the <i>Mort Artu</i> section of the <i><a href="/wiki/Lancelot-Grail" title="Lancelot-Grail">Lancelot-Grail</a></i> cycle where he is one of the last to die before <a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">King Arthur</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Camlann" title="Battle of Camlann">Battle of Camlann</a> (known as the Battle of Salisbury Plain in the romances). There, he personally kills two of Saxon leaders allied to the traitorous King Mordred and rescues the unhorsed Arthur, before Mordred himself charges his half-brother and splits his helmet and head with a two-handed powerful downwards sword blow. The scene's narration declares that, by the time of his death, Yvain "was considered to be one of the best and most valiant men in the world."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The chronicle <i><a href="/wiki/Scalacronica" title="Scalacronica">Scalacronica</a></i> uses the cyclical prose narrative but vastly expands of Yvain's roles in the battle, having him replace Arthur as Mordred's slayer as well as <a href="/wiki/Griflet" class="mw-redirect" title="Griflet">Griflet</a> in the final scenes.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yvain's birth by the fay (<a href="/wiki/Fairy" title="Fairy">fairy</a>) Morgan may have its roots in <a href="/wiki/Welsh_mythology" title="Welsh mythology">Welsh legends</a>: two of the Triads claim the goddess-like figure of <a href="/wiki/Modron" title="Modron">Modron</a> as his mother. Travelling through <a href="/wiki/Denbighshire" title="Denbighshire">Denbighshire</a>, Urien comes across the Ford of Barking where dogs congregate and bark for some unknown reason. Only Urien is brave enough to go near the place and there he discovers Modron, endlessly washing clothes (a scene common in Celtic legend, see <a href="/wiki/Morr%C3%ADgan" class="mw-redirect" title="Morrígan">Morrígan</a>). He has his way with her, and she announces she had been destined to remain at the ford until she had conceived a son by a Christian. She tells Urien to return at the end of the year to receive his children and these are the twins Owain and Morvydd. However, Yvain is not associated with Morgan in the continental literature until the Post-Vulgate cycle. (Morgan appears in Chrétien's <i>Knight of the Lion</i> as a healer but the author does not imply she is the protagonist's mother.) Calogrenant or Colgrevance from <i>Knight of the Lion</i> is his another important cousin in the romances. </p><p> In <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dream_of_Rhonabwy" title="The Dream of Rhonabwy">The Dream of Rhonabwy</a></i>, a Welsh tale associated with the <i>Mabinogion</i>, Owain is one of Arthur's top warriors and plays a game of chess against him while the Saxons prepare to fight the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Badon" title="Battle of Badon">Battle of Badon</a>. Three times during the game, Owain's men inform him that Arthur's squires have been slaughtering his ravens, but when Owain protests, Arthur simply responds, "Your move." Then Owain's ravens retaliate against the squires, and Owain does not stop them until Arthur crushes the chess men. The Saxon leaders arrive and ask for a truce of two weeks, and the armies move on to <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>. Rhonabwy, the dreamer of the <i>Dream</i>, awakens, and the reader is left as confused as he is. The <i>Dream of Rhonabwy</i> has never been satisfactorily interpreted. </p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_Arthuriana">Later Arthuriana</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ywain&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Later Arthuriana"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>He appears in <a href="/wiki/Child_Ballads" title="Child Ballads">Child Ballad</a> 34, <i><a href="/wiki/Kemp_Owyne" title="Kemp Owyne">Kemp Owyne</a></i>, as the title hero, where his role is to disenchant a maiden turned into a dragon by kissing her three times. This story has no parallels in Arthurian legend, and it is not clear how he came to be attached to this story, although many other Arthur knights appear in other ballads with as little connection to their appearances in Arthurian legend.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>He appears in Marion Zimmer Bradley's <i><a href="/wiki/Mists_of_Avalon" class="mw-redirect" title="Mists of Avalon">Mists of Avalon</a></i>; but as Morgan le Fay's foster son, not her biological son.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Cornwell" title="Bernard Cornwell">Bernard Cornwell</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Winter_King_(novel)" title="The Winter King (novel)">The Winter King</a></i>, Owain is the chief warlord of <a href="/wiki/Uther_Pendragon" title="Uther Pendragon">Uther Pendragon</a> and the champion of <a href="/wiki/Dumnonia" title="Dumnonia">Dumnonia</a>, with no connection to Morgan whatsoever; he is depicted as an accomplished and much-feared soldier, but is morally corrupt and a war profiteer. After accepting money to massacre innocent tin miners to frame a foreign power, Owain is accused of dishonour by Arthur (representing Tristan), who challenges Owain to trial-by-combat and kills him in a duel.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ywain&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur%27s_family" title="King Arthur's family">King Arthur's family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_characters_named_Ywain_in_Arthurian_legend" title="List of characters named Ywain in Arthurian legend">List of characters named Ywain in Arthurian legend</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ywain&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWilhelm2014" class="citation book cs1">Wilhelm, James J. (22 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g3WhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA131"><i>The Romance of Arthur: An Anthology</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317959854" title="Special:BookSources/9781317959854"><bdi>9781317959854</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Romance+of+Arthur%3A+An+Anthology&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014-05-22&rft.isbn=9781317959854&rft.aulast=Wilhelm&rft.aufirst=James+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg3WhAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWright1939" class="citation journal cs1">Wright, Edith A. (1939). "Medieval Attitudes Towards Mental Illness". <i>Bulletin of the History of Medicine</i>. <b>7</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">352–</span>356. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44440437">44440437</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+History+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Medieval+Attitudes+Towards+Mental+Illness&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E352-%3C%2Fspan%3E356&rft.date=1939&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44440437%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Edith+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Arthurian Studies in Honour of P.J.C. Field</i>. Vol. 57. Boydell & Brewer. 2004. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781843840138" title="Special:BookSources/9781843840138"><bdi>9781843840138</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7722/j.ctt81s3x">10.7722/j.ctt81s3x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arthurian+Studies+in+Honour+of+P.J.C.+Field&rft.pub=Boydell+%26+Brewer&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.7722%2Fj.ctt81s3x%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=9781843840138&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMuir1964" class="citation journal cs1">Muir, Lynette R. (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/roma_0035-8029_1964_num_85_338_2950">"A Reappraisal of the Prose Yvain (National Library of Wales, Ms. 444-D)"</a>. <i>Romania</i>. <b>85</b> (338): <span class="nowrap">355–</span>365. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Froma.1964.2950">10.3406/roma.1964.2950</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Romania&rft.atitle=A+Reappraisal+of+the+Prose+Yvain+%28National+Library+of+Wales%2C+Ms.+444-D%29&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=338&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E355-%3C%2Fspan%3E365&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Froma.1964.2950&rft.aulast=Muir&rft.aufirst=Lynette+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fdoc%2Froma_0035-8029_1964_num_85_338_2950&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-and-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-and_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-and_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBruce1999" class="citation book cs1">Bruce, Christopher W. (15 January 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XZFbczeMtYcC&pg=PA503"><i>The Arthurian Name Dictionary</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780815328650" title="Special:BookSources/9780815328650"><bdi>9780815328650</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arthurian+Name+Dictionary&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1999-01-15&rft.isbn=9780815328650&rft.aulast=Bruce&rft.aufirst=Christopher+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXZFbczeMtYcC%26pg%3DPA503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLacy2010" class="citation book cs1">Lacy, Norris J. (15 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d-jFvu5lp8EC&pg=PA125"><i>Lancelot-Grail: The death of Arthur</i></a>. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781843842309" title="Special:BookSources/9781843842309"><bdi>9781843842309</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lancelot-Grail%3A+The+death+of+Arthur&rft.pub=Boydell+%26+Brewer+Ltd&rft.date=2010-01-15&rft.isbn=9781843842309&rft.aulast=Lacy&rft.aufirst=Norris+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd-jFvu5lp8EC%26pg%3DPA125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorris1982" class="citation book cs1">Morris, Rosemary (15 January 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Tznkwnb6VaMC&pg=PA133"><i>The Character of King Arthur in Medieval Literature</i></a>. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780859910880" title="Special:BookSources/9780859910880"><bdi>9780859910880</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Character+of+King+Arthur+in+Medieval+Literature&rft.pub=Boydell+%26+Brewer+Ltd&rft.date=1982-01-15&rft.isbn=9780859910880&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Rosemary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTznkwnb6VaMC%26pg%3DPA133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYwain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Child, <i>The English and Scottish Popular Ballads</i>, Volume I, p. 306.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ywain&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Bromwich" title="Rachel Bromwich">Bromwich, Rachel</a> (1963). <i>Trioedd Ynys Prydein: The Triads of the Island of Britain</i>. University Of Wales Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7083-1386-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7083-1386-8">0-7083-1386-8</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_James_Child" title="Francis James Child">Child, Francis James</a>, (1965). <i>The English and Scottish Popular Ballads</i>, Volume I, p. 306. New York: Dover Publications.</li> <li>Chrétien de Troyes; Owen, D. D. R. (translator) (1988). <i>Arthurian Romances</i>. Tuttle Publishing, reprinted by <a href="/wiki/Everyman%27s_Library" title="Everyman's Library">Everyman's Library</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-460-87389-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-460-87389-X">0-460-87389-X</a>.</li> <li>Chrétien de Troyes; <a href="/wiki/Burton_Raffel" title="Burton Raffel">Raffel, Burton</a> (translator) (1987). <i>Yvain, the Knight of the Lion</i>. <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-03837-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-03837-2">0-300-03837-2</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ywain&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Yvain" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Yvain">Yvain</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/theme/yvain">Yvain</a> at The Camelot Project</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="King_Arthur_and_the_Matter_of_Britain285" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arthurian_legend" title="Template:Arthurian legend"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arthurian_legend" title="Template talk:Arthurian legend"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arthurian_legend" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arthurian legend"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="King_Arthur_and_the_Matter_of_Britain285" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">King Arthur</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Britain" title="Matter of Britain">Matter of Britain</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur%27s_family" title="King Arthur's family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agravain" title="Agravain">Agravain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cador" title="Cador">Cador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_(Briton)" title="Constantine (Briton)">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culhwch" title="Culhwch">Culhwch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Ector" title="Sir Ector">Ector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_(legend)" title="Elaine (legend)">Elaine of Garlot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoel">Hoel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaheris" title="Gaheris">Gaheris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gareth" title="Gareth">Gareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gawain" title="Gawain">Gawain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gingalain" title="Gingalain">Gingalain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinevere" title="Guinevere">Guinevere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igraine" title="Igraine">Igraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Kay" title="Sir Kay">Kay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordred" title="Mordred">Mordred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_le_Fay" title="Morgan le Fay">Morgan le Fay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgause" title="Morgause">Morgause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosius_Aurelianus" title="Ambrosius Aurelianus">Ambrosius Aurelianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uther_Pendragon" title="Uther Pendragon">Uther Pendragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urien" title="Urien">Urien</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yvain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Knights_of_the_Round_Table" title="Knights of the Round Table">Knights of the<br /> Round Table</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagdemagus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagdemagus">Bagdemagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedivere" title="Bedivere">Bedivere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bors" title="Bors">Bors the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunor" title="Brunor">Brunor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clig%C3%A8s" title="Cligès">Cligès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caradoc" title="Caradoc">Caradoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagonet" title="Dagonet">Dagonet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_von_dem_bl%C3%BChenden_Tal" title="Daniel von dem blühenden Tal">Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinadan" title="Dinadan">Dinadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galahad" title="Galahad">Galahad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galehaut" title="Galehaut">Galehaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraint" title="Geraint">Geraint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griflet" class="mw-redirect" title="Griflet">Griflet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamorak" title="Lamorak">Lamorak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancelot" title="Lancelot">Lancelot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanval" title="Lanval">Lanval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Lionel" title="Sir Lionel">Lionel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moriaen" title="Moriaen">Moriaen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palamedes_(Arthurian_legend)" title="Palamedes (Arthurian legend)">Palamedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelleas" title="Pelleas">Pelleas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pellinore" class="mw-redirect" title="Pellinore">Pellinore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percival" title="Percival">Percival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagramore" title="Sagramore">Sagramore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan" title="Tristan">Tristan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arthurian_characters" title="List of Arthurian characters">Other characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accolon" title="Accolon">Accolon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrestes" title="Agrestes">Agrestes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angharad_Golden-Hand" title="Angharad Golden-Hand">Angharad Golden-Hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguish_of_Ireland" title="Anguish of Ireland">Anguish of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annowre" title="Annowre">Annowre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Balin" title="Sir Balin">Balin and Balan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Ban" title="King Ban">Ban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Bertilak" title="Lady Bertilak">Lady Bertilak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Knight_(Arthurian_legend)" title="Black Knight (Arthurian legend)">Black Knight(s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanchefleur" title="Blanchefleur">Blanchefleur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bors" title="Bors">Bors the Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brangaine" title="Brangaine">Brangaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunor" title="Brunor">Brunor(s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catigern" title="Catigern">Catigern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudas" title="Claudas">Claudas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_of_Astolat" title="Elaine of Astolat">Elaine of Astolat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_(legend)" title="Elaine (legend)">Elaine of Benoic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_of_Corbenic" title="Elaine of Corbenic">Elaine of Corbenic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enide" title="Enide">Enide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feirefiz" title="Feirefiz">Feirefiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_King" title="Fisher King">Fisher King(s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garel" title="Garel">Garel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorlois" title="Gorlois">Gorlois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Knight" title="Green Knight">Green Knight(s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiomar_(Arthurian_legend)" title="Guiomar (Arthurian legend)">Guiomar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiron_le_Courtois" title="Guiron le Courtois">Guiron le Courtois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwenhwyfach" title="Gwenhwyfach">Gwenhwyfach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellawes_(sorceress)" title="Hellawes (sorceress)">Hellawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengist_and_Horsa" title="Hengist and Horsa">Hengist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iseult" title="Iseult">Iseult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_of_the_Lake" title="Lady of the Lake">Lady/Ladies of the Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laudine" title="Laudine">Laudine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leodegrance" class="mw-redirect" title="Leodegrance">Leodegrance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lohengrin" title="Lohengrin">Lohengrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Lot" title="King Lot">Lot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Tiberius" title="Lucius Tiberius">Lucius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunete" title="Lunete">Lunete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynette_and_Lyonesse" title="Lynette and Lyonesse">Lynette and Lyonesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maleagant" title="Maleagant">Maleagant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_of_Cornwall" title="Mark of Cornwall">Mark of Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meliodas" title="Meliodas">Meliodas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlin" title="Merlin">Merlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budic_II_of_Brittany" title="Budic II of Brittany">Nentres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_sorceresses" title="Nine sorceresses">Nine sorceresses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olwen" title="Olwen">Olwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percival%27s_sister" title="Percival's sister">Percival's sister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Knight" title="Red Knight">Red Knight(s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rience" class="mw-redirect" title="Rience">Rience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebile" title="Sebile">Sebile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliesin" title="Taliesin">Taliesin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tegau_Eurfron" title="Tegau Eurfron">Tegau Eurfron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortigern" title="Vortigern">Vortigern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yniol" class="mw-redirect" title="Yniol">Yniol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animal characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cavall" title="Cavall">Cavall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gringolet" title="Gringolet">Gringolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petitcrieu" title="Petitcrieu">Petitcrieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Questing_Beast" title="Questing Beast">Questing Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twrch_Trwyth" title="Twrch Trwyth">Twrch Trwyth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carnwennan" title="Carnwennan">Carnwennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excalibur" title="Excalibur">Excalibur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Grail" title="Holy Grail">Holy Grail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pridwen" title="Pridwen">Pridwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prydwen" title="Prydwen">Prydwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhongomyniad" title="Rhongomyniad">Rhongomyniad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_Table" title="Round Table">Round Table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_Perilous" title="Siege Perilous">Siege Perilous</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_locations_associated_with_Arthurian_legend" title="List of locations associated with Arthurian legend">Places</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astolat" title="Astolat">Astolat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avalon" title="Avalon">Avalon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glastonbury_Tor" title="Glastonbury Tor">Glastonbury Tor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broc%C3%A9liande" title="Brocéliande">Brocéliande</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Val_sans_retour" title="Val sans retour">Val sans retour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caerleon" title="Caerleon">Caerleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camelot" title="Camelot">Camelot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celliwig" title="Celliwig">Celliwig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapel_perilous" title="Chapel perilous">Chapel perilous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corbenic" title="Corbenic">Corbenic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esplumoir_Merlin" title="Esplumoir Merlin">Esplumoir Merlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyous_Gard" title="Joyous Gard">Joyous Gard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Maidens" title="Land of Maidens">Land/Castle of Maidens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logres" title="Logres">Logres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyonesse" title="Lyonesse">Lyonesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarras" title="Sarras">Sarras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tintagel" title="Tintagel">Tintagel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tintagel_Castle" title="Tintagel Castle">Tintagel Castle</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_King_Arthur" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliography of King Arthur">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_based_on_Arthurian_legends" title="List of works based on Arthurian legends">List of works</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur_in_comics" title="King Arthur in comics">comics</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Badon" title="Battle of Badon">Battle of Badon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Camlann" title="Battle of Camlann">Battle of Camlann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolorous_Stroke" title="Dolorous Stroke">Dolorous Stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loathly_lady" title="Loathly lady">Loathly lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_King_Arthur" title="Historicity of King Arthur">Historicity of King Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur%27s_messianic_return" title="King Arthur's messianic return">King Arthur's messianic return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendragon" title="Pendragon">Pendragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight_of_the_Swan" title="Knight of the Swan">Knight of the Swan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan_and_Iseult" title="Tristan and Iseult">Tristan and Iseult</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" 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