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id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Romanesque Revival architecture</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content"> <div id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> <div id="contentSub"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump"> Jump to: <a href="#mw-head">navigation</a>, <a href="#p-search">search</a> </div> <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SmithsonianCastel_07120014.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/SmithsonianCastel_07120014.jpg/220px-SmithsonianCastel_07120014.jpg" width="220" height="179" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/SmithsonianCastel_07120014.jpg/330px-SmithsonianCastel_07120014.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/SmithsonianCastel_07120014.jpg/440px-SmithsonianCastel_07120014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1451" data-file-height="1181"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SmithsonianCastel_07120014.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> The <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution_Building" title="Smithsonian Institution Building">Smithsonian Institution Building</a>, an early example of American Romanesque Revival designed by <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Renwick,_Jr." title="James Renwick, Jr.">James Renwick, Jr.</a> in 1855.</div> </div> </div> <p><b>Romanesque Revival</b> (or <b>Neo-Romanesque</b>) is a <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_style" title="Architectural style">style</a> of building employed beginning in the mid-19th century<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> inspired by the 11th and 12th century <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque architecture</a>. Unlike the historic Romanesque style, however, Romanesque Revival buildings tended to feature more simplified arches and windows than their historic counterparts.</p> <p>An early variety of Romanesque Revival style known as <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rundbogenstil" title="Rundbogenstil">Rundbogenstil</a> ("Round-arched style") was popular in German lands<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> and in the German diaspora beginning in the 1830s. By far the most prominent and influential American architect working in a free "Romanesque" manner was <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hobson_Richardson" title="Henry Hobson Richardson">Henry Hobson Richardson</a>. In the United States, the style derived from examples set by him are termed <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richardsonian_Romanesque" title="Richardsonian Romanesque">Richardsonian Romanesque</a>, of which not all are Romanesque Revival.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Romanesque Revival is also sometimes referred to as the "<a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_architecture" title="Norman architecture">Norman style</a>" or "Lombard style," particularly in works published during the nineteenth century after variations of historic Romanesque that were developed by the <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normans" title="Normans">Normans</a> and <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a>, respectively. Like its influencing Romanesque style, the Romanesque Revival style was widely used for churches, and occasionally for synagogues such as the <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congregation_Emanu-El_of_New_York" title="Congregation Emanu-El of New York">Congregation Emanu-El of New York</a> on <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_Avenue" title="Fifth Avenue">Fifth Avenue</a> built in 1929.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> The style was quite popular for university campuses in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, especially in the United States and Canada; well known examples can be found at the <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">University of California, Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a>, <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulane_University" title="Tulane University">Tulane University</a>, <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Denver" title="University of Denver">University of Denver</a>, and the <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a>.</p> <p></p> <div id="toc" class="toc"> <div id="toctitle"> <h2>Contents</h2> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Examples"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Examples</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#The_Romanesque_Revival_or_Norman_Revival_in_Great_Britain"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">The Romanesque Revival or Norman Revival in Great Britain</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-3"><a href="#Gallery"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Gallery</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Canada"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Canada</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Sweden"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Sweden</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#United_States"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">United States</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Gallery_2"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Gallery</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <p></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Examples">Examples</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romanesque_Revival_architecture&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Examples">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="The_Romanesque_Revival_or_Norman_Revival_in_Great_Britain">The Romanesque Revival or Norman Revival in Great Britain</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romanesque_Revival_architecture&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The Romanesque Revival or Norman Revival in Great Britain">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>The development of the <i>Norman</i> revival style took place over a long time in the British Isles starting with <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inigo_Jones" title="Inigo Jones">Inigo Jones</a>‘s refenestration of the White Tower of the <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a> in 1637-8 and work at Windsor Castle by <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_May" title="Hugh May">Hugh May</a> for <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a>, but this was little more than restoration work.</p> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Culzean_Castle_house_and_gardens_01.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Culzean_Castle_house_and_gardens_01.JPG/220px-Culzean_Castle_house_and_gardens_01.JPG" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Culzean_Castle_house_and_gardens_01.JPG/330px-Culzean_Castle_house_and_gardens_01.JPG 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Culzean_Castle_house_and_gardens_01.JPG/440px-Culzean_Castle_house_and_gardens_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Culzean_Castle_house_and_gardens_01.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> Culzean Castle by Robert Adam, 1771</div> </div> </div> <p>In the 18th century the use of round arched windows was thought of as being <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxon" title="Saxon" class="mw-redirect">Saxon</a> rather than Norman and examples of buildings with round arched windows include <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirburn_Castle" title="Shirburn Castle">Shirburn Castle</a> in Oxfordshire, Wentworth in Yorkshire and <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enmore_Castle" title="Enmore Castle">Enmore Castle</a> in Somerset. In Scotland the style started to emerge with the Duke of Argyl’s castle at <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverary" title="Inverary" class="mw-redirect">Inverary</a>, started in 1744, and castles by <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Adam" title="Robert Adam">Robert Adam</a> at <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culzean" title="Culzean" class="mw-redirect">Culzean</a> (1771), Oxenfoord (1780-2), Dalquharran, (1782-5) and <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seton_Palace" title="Seton Palace">Seton Palace</a>, 1792. In England <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Wyatt" title="James Wyatt">James Wyatt</a> used round arched windows at <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandleford_Priory" title="Sandleford Priory" class="mw-redirect">Sandleford Priory</a>, Berkshire in 1780-9 and the Duke of Norfolk started to rebuild <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arundel_Castle" title="Arundel Castle">Arundel Castle</a>, while <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastnor_Castle" title="Eastnor Castle">Eastnor Castle</a> in Herefordshire was built by <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Smirke_(architect)" title="Robert Smirke (architect)">Robert Smirke</a> between 1812 and 1820.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GosfordCastle.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/GosfordCastle.jpg/220px-GosfordCastle.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/GosfordCastle.jpg/330px-GosfordCastle.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/GosfordCastle.jpg/440px-GosfordCastle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GosfordCastle.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> GosfordCastle, Armagh by Thomas Hopper</div> </div> </div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penrhyn_Castle_-_geograph.org.uk_-_206536.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Penrhyn_Castle_-_geograph.org.uk_-_206536.jpg/220px-Penrhyn_Castle_-_geograph.org.uk_-_206536.jpg" width="220" height="293" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Penrhyn_Castle_-_geograph.org.uk_-_206536.jpg/330px-Penrhyn_Castle_-_geograph.org.uk_-_206536.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Penrhyn_Castle_-_geograph.org.uk_-_206536.jpg/440px-Penrhyn_Castle_-_geograph.org.uk_-_206536.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penrhyn_Castle_-_geograph.org.uk_-_206536.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> Penrhyn Castle - by Thomas Hopper 1820-1837</div> </div> </div> <div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Church_of_St_Agatha,_Llanymynech_02.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Church_of_St_Agatha%2C_Llanymynech_02.jpg/220px-Church_of_St_Agatha%2C_Llanymynech_02.jpg" width="220" height="293" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Church_of_St_Agatha%2C_Llanymynech_02.jpg/330px-Church_of_St_Agatha%2C_Llanymynech_02.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Church_of_St_Agatha%2C_Llanymynech_02.jpg/440px-Church_of_St_Agatha%2C_Llanymynech_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Church_of_St_Agatha,_Llanymynech_02.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> Church of St Agatha, Llanymynech. Romanesque Tower by Thomas Penson</div> </div> </div> <p>It was at this point that the Norman Revival became a recognisable architectural style. In 1817 <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Rickman" title="Thomas Rickman">Thomas Rickman</a> published his <i>An Attempt to Discriminate the Styles of English Architecture from the Conquest To the Reformation</i>. It was now realised that ‘round-arch architecture’ was largely Romanesque in the British Isles and came to be described as Norman rather than Saxon.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> The start of an <i>archaeologically correct</i> Norman Revival can be recognised in the architecture of <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hopper_(architect)" title="Thomas Hopper (architect)">Thomas Hopper</a>. He first attempt at this style was at <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gosford_Castle" title="Gosford Castle">Gosford Castle</a> in Armagh in Ireland, but far more successful was his <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penrhyn_Castle" title="Penrhyn Castle">Penrhyn Castle</a> near Bangor in North Wales. This was built for the Pennant family, between 1820 and 1837. The style did not catch on for domestic buildings, though many country houses and mock castles were built in the Castle Gothic or Castellated style during the Victorian period, which was a mixed Gothic style.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>However, the <i>Norman Revival</i> did catch on for church architecture. It was <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Penson" title="Thomas Penson">Thomas Penson</a>, a Welsh architect, who would have been familiar with Hopper’s work at Penrhyn, who developed Romanesque Revival church architecture. Penson was influenced by French and Belgian Romanesque architecture, and particularly the earlier Romanesque phase of German <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brick_Gothic" title="Brick Gothic">Brick Gothic</a>. At St David’s Newtown, 1843–47 and St Agatha’s Llanymynech, 1845, he copies the tower of <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Salvator%27s_Cathedral" title="St. Salvator's Cathedral">St. Salvator's Cathedral</a>, Bruges. Other examples of Romanesque revival by Penson are <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ_Church,_Welshpool" title="Christ Church, Welshpool">Christ Church, Welshpool</a>, 1839–1844, and the porch to Langedwyn Church. He was an innovator in his use of <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terracotta" title="Terracotta">Terracotta</a> to produce decorative Romanesque mouldings, saving on the expense of stonework.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> Penson’s last church in the Romanesque Revival style was <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhosllannerchrugog" title="Rhosllannerchrugog">Rhosllannerchrugog</a>, Wrexham 1852<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>The Romanesque adopted by Penson contrasts with the Italianate Romanesque of other architects such as <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Henry_Wyatt" title="Thomas Henry Wyatt">Thomas Henry Wyatt</a>, who designed Saint Mary and Saint Nicholas Church, in this style at <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilton,_Wiltshire#Parish_church" title="Wilton, Wiltshire">Wilton</a>, which was built between 1841 and 1844 for the Dowager Countess of Pembroke and her son, Lord Herbert of Lea.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> During the 19th century the architecture selected for Anglican churches depended on the churchmanship of particular congregations. Whereas high churches and <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Catholic" title="Anglo-Catholic" class="mw-redirect">Anglo-Catholic</a>, which were influenced by the <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_Movement" title="Oxford Movement">Oxford Movement</a>, were built in <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic Revival architecture</a>, low churches and broad churches of the period were often built in the Romanesque Revival style. After about 1870 this style of Church architecture in Britain disappears, but in the early 20th century, the style is succeeded by <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Revival_architecture" title="Byzantine Revival architecture">Byzantine Revival architecture</a>.</p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Gallery">Gallery</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romanesque_Revival_architecture&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Gallery">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:St_Cedwyn,_Llangedwyn_12.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/St_Cedwyn%2C_Llangedwyn_12.jpg/220px-St_Cedwyn%2C_Llangedwyn_12.jpg" width="220" height="294" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/St_Cedwyn%2C_Llangedwyn_12.jpg/330px-St_Cedwyn%2C_Llangedwyn_12.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/St_Cedwyn%2C_Llangedwyn_12.jpg/440px-St_Cedwyn%2C_Llangedwyn_12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1167" data-file-height="1557"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:St_Cedwyn,_Llangedwyn_12.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> St Cedwyn, Llangedwyn. Terracotta Arch</div> </div> </div> <div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Christ_Church,_Welshpool_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1173835.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Christ_Church%2C_Welshpool_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1173835.jpg/220px-Christ_Church%2C_Welshpool_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1173835.jpg" width="220" height="290" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Christ_Church%2C_Welshpool_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1173835.jpg/330px-Christ_Church%2C_Welshpool_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1173835.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Christ_Church%2C_Welshpool_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1173835.jpg/440px-Christ_Church%2C_Welshpool_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1173835.jpg 2x" data-file-width="485" data-file-height="640"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Christ_Church,_Welshpool_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1173835.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> Christ Church, Welshpool - by Thomas Person</div> </div> </div> <div class="center"> <div class="thumb tnone"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:WiltonChurch.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/WiltonChurch.jpg/220px-WiltonChurch.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/WiltonChurch.jpg/330px-WiltonChurch.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/WiltonChurch.jpg/440px-WiltonChurch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:WiltonChurch.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> St Mary and St Nicholas parish church, <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilton,_Wiltshire" title="Wilton, Wiltshire">Wilton, Wiltshire</a>, by T H Wyatt</div> </div> </div> </div> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Canada">Canada</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romanesque_Revival_architecture&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Canada">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Two of Canada's provincial legislatures, the <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontario_Legislative_Building" title="Ontario Legislative Building">Ontario Legislative Building</a> in <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> and the <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Columbia_Parliament_Buildings" title="British Columbia Parliament Buildings">British Columbia Parliament Buildings</a> in <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria,_British_Columbia" title="Victoria, British Columbia">Victoria</a>, are Romanesque Revival in style.</p> <p><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_College,_Toronto" title="University College, Toronto">University College</a>, one of seven colleges at the <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a>, is a chief example of the Romanesque Revival style. The building, designed by Frederic Cumberland and William G. Storm, was initially intended to be Gothic in style but was rejected by the governor general.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> Construction of the final design began on 4 October 1856.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> The facade of University College has thick masonry walls, incorporating layers of both stone and brick. The building possesses a number of round arches characteristic of the Roman Revival style. The arches are configured in arcades, most notably on the south side of the building. There is a great deal of ornamentation on both the interior and exterior of University College. The main doors of the building are prominent examples of the heavy ornamentation used by Cumberland and Storm. The entrance is elaborate in its decoration with columns on either side of the doors and intricate patterns carved into stone. The rugged Romanesque Revival building was declared a National Historic Site of Canada in 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>The <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a> <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Canada" title="Water supply and sanitation in Canada">Lemieux Island Water Treatment Plant</a>, completed in 1932, is another example of Romanesque Revival architecture, with a prominent main corridor featuring rows of arches spaced along the length of the building, providing a sense of grandeur.</p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <div style="margin:30px auto;"><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:University_College_Front_Facade.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/University_College_Front_Facade.jpg/120px-University_College_Front_Facade.jpg" width="120" height="90" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/University_College_Front_Facade.jpg/180px-University_College_Front_Facade.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/University_College_Front_Facade.jpg/240px-University_College_Front_Facade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728"/></a></div> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>University College</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:University_College_Main_Entrance.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/University_College_Main_Entrance.jpg/90px-University_College_Main_Entrance.jpg" width="90" height="120" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/University_College_Main_Entrance.jpg/135px-University_College_Main_Entrance.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/University_College_Main_Entrance.jpg/180px-University_College_Main_Entrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2304"/></a></div> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>Main entrance to University College</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Holy_Rosary,_2008.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Holy_Rosary%2C_2008.jpg/92px-Holy_Rosary%2C_2008.jpg" width="92" height="120" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Holy_Rosary%2C_2008.jpg/138px-Holy_Rosary%2C_2008.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Holy_Rosary%2C_2008.jpg/185px-Holy_Rosary%2C_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="998"/></a></div> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>Holy Rosary Roman Catholic Cathedral, Regina, Saskatchewan</p> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Sweden">Sweden</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romanesque_Revival_architecture&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sweden">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>The <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasa_Church,_Gothenburg" title="Vasa Church, Gothenburg">Vasa Church</a> in <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothenburg" title="Gothenburg">Gothenburg</a>, Sweden, is another prime example of the Neo-Romanesque style of architecture.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="United_States">United States</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romanesque_Revival_architecture&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: United States">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="image"><img alt="[icon]" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" width="20" height="14" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31"/></a></td> <td class="mbox-text"><span class="mbox-text-span">This section requires <a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romanesque_Revival_architecture&action=edit">expansion</a>. <small><i>(March 2011)</i></small></span></td> </tr> </table> <p>The Church of the Pilgrims—now the Maronite Cathedral of <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Lebanon" title="Our Lady of Lebanon">Our Lady of Lebanon</a>—in <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn_Heights,_Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn Heights, Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect">Brooklyn Heights, Brooklyn</a>, New York designed by <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Upjohn" title="Richard Upjohn">Richard Upjohn</a> and built 1844–46 is generally considered the first work of Romanesque Revival architecture in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup> It was soon followed by a more prominent design for the <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution_Building" title="Smithsonian Institution Building">Smithsonian Institution Building</a> in <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> designed by <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Renwick,_Jr." title="James Renwick, Jr.">James Renwick, Jr.</a> and built 1847–51. Renwick allegedly submitted two proposals to the design competition, one Gothic and the other Romanesque in the style. The Smithsonian chose the latter, which was based on designs from German architecture books.<sup id="cite_ref-Poppeliers_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poppeliers-15"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup> Several concurrent forces contributed to the popularizing of the Romanesque Revival in the United States. The first was an influx of German Immigrants in the 1840s, who brought the style of the Rundbogenstil with them.<sup id="cite_ref-Poppeliers_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poppeliers-15"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup> Second, a series of works on the style were published concurrently with the earliest built examples. The first of these, <i>Hints on Public Architecture</i>, written by social reformer <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Dale_Owen" title="Robert Dale Owen">Robert Dale Owen</a> in 1847–48, was prepared for the Building Committee of the Smithsonian Institution and prominently featured illustrations of Renwick's Smithsonian Institution Building. Owen argued that <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_Revival_architecture" title="Greek Revival architecture">Greek Revival architecture</a>—then the prevailing style in the United States for everything from churches to banks to private residences—was unsuitable as a national American style. He maintained that the <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_temple" title="Greek temple" class="mw-redirect">Greek temples</a> upon which the style was based had neither the windows, chimneys, nor stairs required by modern buildings, and that the low pitched temple roofs and tall <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonnade" title="Colonnade">colonnades</a> were ill-adapted to cold northern climates. To Owen, most Greek Revival buildings thus lacked architectural truth, because they attempted to hide nineteenth century necessities behind classical temple facades.<sup id="cite_ref-Owen_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Owen-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup> In its place, he offered that the Romanesque style was ideal for a more flexible and economic American architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-Meeks_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meeks-17"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Soon after, the <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congregational_church" title="Congregational church">Congregational church</a> published <i>A Book of Plans for Churches and Parsonages</i> in 1853, containing eighteen designs by ten architects, including Upjohn, Renwick, <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Austin_(architect)" title="Henry Austin (architect)">Henry Austin</a>, and <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gervase_Wheeler" title="Gervase Wheeler">Gervase Wheeler</a>, most in the Romanesque Revival style. <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Salter_Storrs" title="Richard Salter Storrs">Richard Salter Storrs</a>, and other clergy on the book's committee were members or frequent preachers of Upjohn's Church of the Pilgrims.<sup id="cite_ref-Steege_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steege-18"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>The exterior of the <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archdiocesan_Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Trinity" title="Archdiocesan Cathedral of the Holy Trinity">Archdiocesan Cathedral of the Holy Trinity</a> on New York City's <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_East_Side" title="Upper East Side">Upper East Side</a>, completed in 1932, is Romanesque Revival.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <div style="margin:21px auto;"><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IIT_Main_Building.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/IIT_Main_Building.jpg/120px-IIT_Main_Building.jpg" width="120" height="108" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/IIT_Main_Building.jpg/180px-IIT_Main_Building.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/IIT_Main_Building.jpg/240px-IIT_Main_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4164" data-file-height="3737"/></a></div> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>Main building, <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_Institute_of_Technology" title="Illinois Institute of Technology">Illinois Institute of Technology</a></p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <div style="margin:29.5px auto;"><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Puck_Building.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Puck_Building.jpg/120px-Puck_Building.jpg" width="120" height="91" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Puck_Building.jpg/180px-Puck_Building.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Puck_Building.jpg/240px-Puck_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2185" data-file-height="1658"/></a></div> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puck_Building" title="Puck Building">Puck Building</a>, NYC</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <div style="margin:30px auto;"><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ursinus_Bomberger_Hall.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ursinus_Bomberger_Hall.JPG/120px-Ursinus_Bomberger_Hall.JPG" width="120" height="90" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ursinus_Bomberger_Hall.JPG/180px-Ursinus_Bomberger_Hall.JPG 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ursinus_Bomberger_Hall.JPG/240px-Ursinus_Bomberger_Hall.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480"/></a></div> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>Bomberger Hall, <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursinus_College" title="Ursinus College">Ursinus College</a>, Collegeville, Pennsylvania. Built in 1891</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <div style="margin:30px auto;"><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Holy_Trinity_Catholic_Church,_Shreveport,_LA_IMG_1334.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Holy_Trinity_Catholic_Church%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_1334.JPG/120px-Holy_Trinity_Catholic_Church%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_1334.JPG" width="120" height="90" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Holy_Trinity_Catholic_Church%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_1334.JPG/180px-Holy_Trinity_Catholic_Church%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_1334.JPG 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Holy_Trinity_Catholic_Church%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_1334.JPG/240px-Holy_Trinity_Catholic_Church%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_1334.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944"/></a></div> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Catholic_Church_(Shreveport,_Louisiana)" title="Holy Trinity Catholic Church (Shreveport, Louisiana)">Holy Trinity Catholic Church</a>, <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Shreveport, Louisiana">Shreveport, Louisiana</a></p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bexar_County_Court_House_perspective.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Bexar_County_Court_House_perspective.jpg/90px-Bexar_County_Court_House_perspective.jpg" width="90" height="120" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Bexar_County_Court_House_perspective.jpg/135px-Bexar_County_Court_House_perspective.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Bexar_County_Court_House_perspective.jpg/180px-Bexar_County_Court_House_perspective.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640"/></a></div> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bexar_County_Courthouse" title="Bexar County Courthouse">Bexar County Courthouse</a>, <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a></p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <div style="margin:30px auto;"><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Royce_Hall,_University_of_California,_Los_Angeles_(23-09-2003).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Royce_Hall%2C_University_of_California%2C_Los_Angeles_%2823-09-2003%29.jpg/120px-Royce_Hall%2C_University_of_California%2C_Los_Angeles_%2823-09-2003%29.jpg" width="120" height="90" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Royce_Hall%2C_University_of_California%2C_Los_Angeles_%2823-09-2003%29.jpg/180px-Royce_Hall%2C_University_of_California%2C_Los_Angeles_%2823-09-2003%29.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Royce_Hall%2C_University_of_California%2C_Los_Angeles_%2823-09-2003%29.jpg/240px-Royce_Hall%2C_University_of_California%2C_Los_Angeles_%2823-09-2003%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600"/></a></div> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royce_Hall" title="Royce Hall">Royce Hall</a>, <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">University of California, Los Angeles</a></p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <div style="margin:30px auto;"><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Milwaukee_City_Hall_2010.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Milwaukee_City_Hall_2010.jpg/120px-Milwaukee_City_Hall_2010.jpg" width="120" height="90" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Milwaukee_City_Hall_2010.jpg/180px-Milwaukee_City_Hall_2010.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Milwaukee_City_Hall_2010.jpg/240px-Milwaukee_City_Hall_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1927"/></a></div> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milwaukee_City_Hall" title="Milwaukee City Hall">Milwaukee City Hall</a></p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <div style="margin:23.5px auto;"><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2008-1019-02-CentralWashingtonUniversity.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/2008-1019-02-CentralWashingtonUniversity.jpg/120px-2008-1019-02-CentralWashingtonUniversity.jpg" width="120" height="103" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/2008-1019-02-CentralWashingtonUniversity.jpg/180px-2008-1019-02-CentralWashingtonUniversity.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/2008-1019-02-CentralWashingtonUniversity.jpg/240px-2008-1019-02-CentralWashingtonUniversity.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2996" data-file-height="2560"/></a></div> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>Barge Hall, <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Washington_University" title="Central Washington University">Central Washington University</a>, <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellensburg" title="Ellensburg" class="mw-redirect">Ellensburg</a></p> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Gallery_2">Gallery</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romanesque_Revival_architecture&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Gallery">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vajdahunyad_Castle,_Chapel,_Budapest.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Vajdahunyad_Castle%2C_Chapel%2C_Budapest.jpg/90px-Vajdahunyad_Castle%2C_Chapel%2C_Budapest.jpg" width="90" height="120" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Vajdahunyad_Castle%2C_Chapel%2C_Budapest.jpg/135px-Vajdahunyad_Castle%2C_Chapel%2C_Budapest.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Vajdahunyad_Castle%2C_Chapel%2C_Budapest.jpg/180px-Vajdahunyad_Castle%2C_Chapel%2C_Budapest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="852" data-file-height="1136"/></a></div> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>Chapel, Vajdahunyad Castle, Budapest</p> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romanesque_Revival_architecture&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <table class="mbox-small plainlinks" style="border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9"> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="30" height="40" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150325175904im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"/></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904/http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Romanesque_revival" class="extiw" title="commons:Romanesque revival">Romanesque revival architecture</a></b></i>.</td> </tr> </table> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richardsonian_Romanesque" title="Richardsonian Romanesque">Richardsonian Romanesque</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rundbogenstil" title="Rundbogenstil">Rundbogenstil</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic Revival architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Early_Trades_and_Crafts" title="Museum of Early Trades and Crafts">Museum of Early Trades and Crafts</a></li> </ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romanesque_Revival_architecture&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whiffen, Marcus. <i>American Architecture Since 1780: A guide to the styles</i>. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1969, 61.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fleming, John, Hugh Honour and Nikolaus Pevsner. <i>The Penguin Dictionary of Architecture</i>. Middlesex, England: Penguin Books, 1983.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilson, Richard Guy. <i>Buildings of Virginia: Tidewater and Piedmont</i>Oxford University Press, 2002, 524–5.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stern, Robert A.M., Gregory Gilmartin and Thomas Mellins. <i>New York 1930: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Two World Wars</i>. New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1987, 161.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mowl T (1981), The Norman Revival in British Achitecture1790-1870’’. PhD, Thesis, Oxford University.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This distinction was finally recognised when Rickman’s article in the ‘‘Archaeologia’’ (1837), published by the <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Antiquaries" title="Society of Antiquaries" class="mw-disambig">Society of Antiquaries</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mowl T. (1991) ‘‘Penrhryn and the Norman Revival’’ in "National Trust Guide", <i>Penrhryn Castle, Gwynedd</i>. pp.89-90.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stratton T <i>The Terracotta Revival: Building Innovation and the Industrial City in Britain and Northern America</i> Gollancz, London 1993, pg 13.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hubbard E, The Buildings of Wales: Clwyd, Penguin/ Yale 1986, 264</span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150325175904/http://history.wiltshire.gov.uk/community/getchurch.php?id=608">http://history.wiltshire.gov.uk/community/getchurch.php?id=608</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, Donald. "Building University College Tested John Langton's Skill." <i>Toronto Star</i>, 1 October 1983: G20.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richards, Larry. <i>The Campus Guide: University of Toronto</i>. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2009, 45.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Restoration and Renovation: University College, Toronto." <i>Canadian Architect</i> 25 (April 1980): 16–19.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marrone, Francis. <i>An Architectural Guidebook to Brooklyn</i>. Layton, UT: Gibb Smith, 2011, 136–37.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Poppeliers-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Poppeliers_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poppeliers_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Poppeliers, John C. and S. Allen Chambers, Jr. <i>What Style Is It?: A Guide to American Architecture</i>. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, 2003, 54–6.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Owen-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Owen_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Owen, Robert Dale. <i>Hints on Public Architecture</i>. New York: George P. Putnam, 1849.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Meeks-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Meeks_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Meeks, Carroll L.V. "Romanesque Before Richardson in the United States." <i>The Art Bulletin</i> 23, no. 1 (1953): 17–33.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Steege-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Steege_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steege, Gwen W. "The 'Book of Plans' and the Early Romanesque Revival in the United States: A Study in Architectural Patronage." <i>Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians</i> 46, no. 3 (1987): 215–27.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Eric Peterson (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150325175904/http://books.google.com/books?id=hV42c0qix2IC&q=Archdiocesan+Cathedral+of+the+Holy+Trinity+dome&dq=Archdiocesan+Cathedral+of+the+Holy+Trinity+dome&hl=en&sa=X&ei=MM_nUOriC-yN0QH5woGIDA&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAA"><i>North American Churches</i></a>. Publications International, Limited<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 5,</span> 2013</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomanesque+Revival+architecture&rft.au=Eric+Peterson&rft.aulast=Eric+Peterson&rft.btitle=North+American+Churches&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhV42c0qix2IC%26q%3DArchdiocesan%2BCathedral%2Bof%2Bthe%2BHoly%2BTrinity%2Bdome%26dq%3DArchdiocesan%2BCathedral%2Bof%2Bthe%2BHoly%2BTrinity%2Bdome%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ei%3DMM_nUOriC-yN0QH5woGIDA%26ved%3D0CDQQ6AEwAA&rft.pub=Publications+International%2C+Limited&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> </ol> </div> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Revivals" title="Template:Revivals"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Revivals" title="Template talk:Revivals"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Revivals&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historicism_(art)" title="Historicism (art)">Historicism</a> and <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revivalism_(architecture)" title="Revivalism (architecture)">Revivalism</a> in Western architecture and decorative arts</div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">International</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroque_Revival_architecture" title="Baroque Revival architecture">Baroque Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaux-Arts_architecture" title="Beaux-Arts architecture">Beaux-Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Revival_architecture" title="Byzantine Revival architecture">Byzantine Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_Revival_architecture" title="Egyptian Revival architecture">Egyptian Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_Revival_architecture" title="Greek Revival architecture">Greek Revival</a> / <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Grec" title="Neo-Grec">Neo-Grec</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moorish_Revival_architecture" title="Moorish Revival architecture">Moorish Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Classical_Architecture" title="New Classical Architecture" class="mw-redirect">New Classical</a> / <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Historism" title="Neo-Historism">Neo-Historism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance_Revival_architecture" title="Renaissance Revival architecture">Renaissance Revival</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teauesque" title="Châteauesque">Châteauesque</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italianate_architecture" title="Italianate architecture">Italianate</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palazzo_style_architecture" title="Palazzo style architecture">Palazzo style</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><strong class="selflink">Romanesque Revival</strong></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Empire_architecture" title="Second Empire architecture">Second Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_chalet_style" title="Swiss chalet style">Swiss chalet style</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernacular_architecture" title="Vernacular architecture">Vernacular</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">British Empire</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_style" title="Adam style">Adam style</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Byzantine" title="Bristol Byzantine">Bristol Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpenter_Gothic" title="Carpenter Gothic">Carpenter Gothic</a> <ul> <li>Canada</li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwardian_Baroque_architecture" title="Edwardian Baroque architecture">Edwardian Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Saracenic_Revival_architecture" title="Indo-Saracenic Revival architecture">Indo-Saracenic Revival</a> <ul> <li>India</li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobethan" title="Jacobethan">Jacobethan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Anne_style_architecture" title="Queen Anne style architecture">Queen Anne style</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regency_architecture" title="Regency architecture">Regency</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Baronial_architecture" title="Scottish Baronial architecture">Scottish Baronial style</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tudor_Revival_architecture" title="Tudor Revival architecture">Tudor Revival</a> / <a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-and-white_Revival_architecture" title="Black-and-white Revival architecture">Black-and-White Revival</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">France</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directoire_style" title="Directoire style">Directoire style</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_style" title="Empire style">Empire style</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_III_style" title="Napoleon III style">Napoleon III style</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Germany</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biedermeier" title="Biedermeier">Biedermeier</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnderzeit" title="Gründerzeit">Gründerzeit</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_architecture" title="Nazi architecture">Nazi architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resort_architecture" title="Resort architecture">Resort style</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rundbogenstil" title="Rundbogenstil">Rundbogenstil</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Greece</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycenaean_Revival_architecture" title="Mycenaean Revival architecture">Mycenaean Revival</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Mexico</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayan_Revival_architecture" title="Mayan Revival architecture">Mayan Revival</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Netherlands</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditionalist_School_(architecture)" title="Traditionalist School (architecture)">Traditionalist School</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Portugal</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pombaline_style" title="Pombaline style">Pombaline</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Manueline" title="Neo-Manueline">Neo-Manueline</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_Portuguese_style" title="Soft Portuguese style">Soft Portuguese style</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Russian Empire and USSR</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Byzantine_architecture_in_the_Russian_Empire" title="Neo-Byzantine architecture in the Russian Empire">Byzantine Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Revival_architecture" title="Russian Revival architecture">Russian Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stalinist_architecture" title="Stalinist architecture">Stalinist architecture</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Scandinavia</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragestil" title="Dragestil">Dragestil</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Romantic_style" title="National Romantic style">National Romantic style</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Spain</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Mud%C3%A9jar" title="Neo-Mudéjar">Neo-Mudéjar</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">United States</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffersonian_architecture" title="Jeffersonian architecture">Jeffersonian architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Renaissance" title="American Renaissance">American Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpenter_Gothic" title="Carpenter Gothic">Carpenter Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collegiate_Gothic" title="Collegiate Gothic">Collegiate Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonial_Revival_architecture" title="Colonial Revival architecture">Colonial Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_architecture" title="Federal architecture">Federal style</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greco_Deco" title="Greco Deco">Greco Deco</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Revival_architecture" title="Mediterranean Revival architecture">Mediterranean Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_Revival_architecture" title="Mission Revival architecture">Mission Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Cathedral_style" title="Polish Cathedral style">Polish Cathedral style</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_Revival_architecture" title="Pueblo Revival architecture">Pueblo Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Anne_style_architecture_in_the_United_States" title="Queen Anne style architecture in the United States">Queen Anne style</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richardsonian_Romanesque" title="Richardsonian Romanesque">Richardsonian Romanesque</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_Revival_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial Revival architecture">Spanish Colonial Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_Revival_architecture" title="Territorial Revival architecture">Territorial Revival</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"> <div> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/web/20150325175904/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">Modern architecture</a></span> »</div> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table>    <noscript><img 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