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href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (nl)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjoren"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom-feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Sjoren rootpage-Sjoren skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Naar inhoud springen</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hoofdmenu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hoofdmenu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hoofdmenu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" title="Naar de hoofdpagina gaan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hoofdpagina</span></a></li><li id="n-zoekartikel" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Navigatie"><span>Vind een artikel</span></a></li><li id="n-today" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/25_november"><span>Vandaag</span></a></li><li id="n-Etalage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etalage"><span>Etalage</span></a></li><li id="n-categories" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles"><span>Categorieën</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen" title="Een lijst met recente wijzigingen in deze wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recente wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:NieuwePaginas"><span>Nieuwe artikelen</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Willekeurig" title="Een willekeurige pagina bekijken [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Willekeurige pagina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation2" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation2" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Informatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Gebruikersportaal" title="Informatie over het project: wat u kunt doen, waar u dingen kunt vinden"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-Snelcursus" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Snelcursus"><span>Snelcursus</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Hulp_en_beheer" title="Hulpinformatie over deze wiki"><span>Hulp en contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="de vrije encyclopedie" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-nl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Zoeken" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Zoeken</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Doorzoek Wikipedia" aria-label="Doorzoek Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Speciaal:Zoeken"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Zoeken</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="De lettergrootte, breedte en kleur van de pagina wijzigen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uiterlijk" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uiterlijk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl" class=""><span>Doneren</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Sjoren&returntoquery=section%3D7%26veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Sjoren&returntoquery=section%3D7%26veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Sjoren&returntoquery=section%3D7%26veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Sjoren&returntoquery=section%3D7%26veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Aantallen_en_verspreiding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aantallen_en_verspreiding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Aantallen en verspreiding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aantallen_en_verspreiding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geschiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geschiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geschiedenis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geschiedenis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Geschiedenis-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geschiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nomadenvolk_in_Siberië" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nomadenvolk_in_Siberië"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Nomadenvolk in Siberië</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nomadenvolk_in_Siberië-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russische_kolonisatie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russische_kolonisatie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Russische kolonisatie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russische_kolonisatie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sovjetperiode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sovjetperiode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Sovjetperiode</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sovjetperiode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Huidige_situatie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Huidige_situatie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Huidige situatie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Huidige_situatie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Externe links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sjoren</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 36 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xors" title="Xors – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Xors" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eorlar" title="Şorlar – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şorlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="شورلار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شورلار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%80%D2%99%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Шорҙар – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Шорҙар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Шорцы – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Шорцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Шорци – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Шорци" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Шорсем – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Шорсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schoren" title="Schoren – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schoren" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shors" title="Shors – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Shors" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0oorid" title="Šoorid – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Šoorid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7" title="شورها – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شورها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0oorit" title="Šoorit – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Šoorit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chors_(peuple)" title="Chors (peuple) – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chors (peuple)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eorlar" title="Şorlar – Gagaoezisch" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Şorlar" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagaoezisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B3rok" title="Sórok – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sórok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Shor" title="Orang Shor – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Shor" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ori" title="Šori – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Šori" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="ショル人 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ショル人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="შორელები – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შორელები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Шорлар – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шорлар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%87%BC%EB%A5%B4%EC%9D%B8" title="쇼르인 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="쇼르인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eor" title="Şor – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Şor" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Шорлор – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Шорлор" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0orai" title="Šorai – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šorai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szorowie" title="Szorowie – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Szorowie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Шорцы – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шорцы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Шордар – Jakoets" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Шордар" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Шорци – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шорци" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjorer" title="Sjorer – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sjorer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eorlar" title="Şorlar – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şorlar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Шорлар – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Шорлар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EF%BA%B7%EF%BB%AE%EF%BA%AD_%EF%BB%A3%EF%AF%A9%EF%BB%A0%EF%BB%A0%EF%AF%A9%EF%BA%98%EF%BB%B0" title="ﺷﻮﺭ ﻣﯩﻠﻠﯩﺘﻰ – Oeigoers" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ﺷﻮﺭ ﻣﯩﻠﻠﯩﺘﻰ" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Oeigoers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96" title="Шорці – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шорці" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shorlar" title="Shorlar – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Shorlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Shor" title="Người Shor – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Shor" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E5%B0%94%E4%BA%BA" title="索尔人 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="索尔人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q874363#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sjoren" title="Inhoudspagina bekijken [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Overleg:Sjoren" rel="discussion" title="Overleg over deze pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Taalvariant wijzigen" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2.svg/390px-%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2.svg/520px-%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1610" data-file-height="1070" /></a><figcaption>Vlag van de Sjoren</figcaption></figure> <p>De <b>Sjoren</b>, <b>Sjortsen</b> of <b>Sjors</b> (<a href="/wiki/Sjor" title="Sjor">Sjor</a>: enkv. шор-кижи, <i>sjor-kizhi</i>, тадар-кижи, <i>tadar-kizhi</i>, шор, <i>sjor</i>, тадар, <i>tadar</i>, meerv. шор-кижилер, <i>sjor-kizhiler</i>, тадар-кижилер, <i>tadar-kizhiler</i>, шорлар, <i>sjorlar</i>, тадарлар, <i>tadarlar</i>, <a href="/wiki/Russisch" title="Russisch">Russisch</a>: Шорцы; <i>Sjortsy</i>) zijn een <a href="/wiki/Inheemse_volken_van_het_Russische_Noorden" class="mw-redirect" title="Inheemse volken van het Russische Noorden">klein volk in Siberië</a>. Van de bijna 13.000 Sjoren spreken ongeveer 2.800 mensen de gelijknamige <a href="/wiki/Turkse_talen" title="Turkse talen">Turkse</a> moedertaal <a href="/wiki/Sjor" title="Sjor">Sjor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Het Russisch is echter hard bezig het Sjor te vervangen. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aantallen_en_verspreiding">Aantallen en verspreiding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjoren&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Aantallen en verspreiding" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjoren&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Aantallen en verspreiding"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" align="right" width="120px"> <caption><b>Aantallen</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Jaar</th> <th>Aantal </th></tr> <tr> <td>jaren 60 <br /> (19e eeuw)</td> <td>10.688 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a></td> <td>12.097 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1926" title="1926">1926</a></td> <td>12.601 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a></td> <td>16.042 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1959" title="1959">1959</a></td> <td>14.938 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a></td> <td>15.950 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a></td> <td>15.182 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a></td> <td>15.745 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a></td> <td>13.975 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a></td> <td>12.888 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Bij de Russische volkstelling van 2010 gaven 12.888 inwoners aan tot dit volk te behoren. Het grootste deel hiervan woonde in de <a href="/wiki/Oblast_Kemerovo" title="Oblast Kemerovo">oblast Kemerovo</a> (10.672 personen), met minderheden in de autonome republieken <a href="/wiki/Chakassi%C3%AB" title="Chakassië">Chakassië</a> (1.150) en <a href="/wiki/Altaj_(deelrepubliek)" class="mw-redirect" title="Altaj (deelrepubliek)">Altaj</a> (87).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Het thuisland van de Sjoren is de <a href="/wiki/Bergachtige_Sjor" title="Bergachtige Sjor">Bergachtige Sjor</a> in het zuiden van de oblast Kemerovo. Daarbinnen woont een groot aantal van hen in de plaats <a href="/wiki/Sjeregesj" title="Sjeregesj">Sjeregesj</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Koeznetskse_Alataoe" title="Koeznetskse Alataoe">Koeznetskse Alataoe</a>, langs de <a href="/wiki/Kondoma_(rivier)" title="Kondoma (rivier)">Kondomarivier</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Mras-Soe" title="Mras-Soe">Mras-Soerivier</a> (in het <a href="/wiki/Stroomgebied" title="Stroomgebied">stroomgebied</a> van de <a href="/wiki/Tom_(rivier)" title="Tom (rivier)">Tom</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschiedenis">Geschiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjoren&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geschiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjoren&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geschiedenis"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nomadenvolk_in_Siberië"><span id="Nomadenvolk_in_Siberi.C3.AB"></span>Nomadenvolk in Siberië</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjoren&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Nomadenvolk in Siberië" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjoren&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Nomadenvolk in Siberië"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De oorsprong van de Sjoren is onduidelijk. Het is een mengvolk dat ontstaan is uit <a href="/wiki/Oegrische_volkeren" title="Oegrische volkeren">Oegrische</a> en <a href="/wiki/Samojeedse_volkeren" title="Samojeedse volkeren">Samojeedse volkeren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ketten" title="Ketten">Ketten</a> en <a href="/wiki/Turkse_volkeren" title="Turkse volkeren">Turkse</a> stammen. Ze trokken lange tijd als <a href="/wiki/Nomaden" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomaden">nomaden</a> rond over de <a href="/wiki/Taiga" title="Taiga">taiga</a> ten noorden van de <a href="/wiki/Sajan" title="Sajan">Sajan</a>. Tussen de <a href="/wiki/6e_eeuw" title="6e eeuw">6e</a> en <a href="/wiki/13e_eeuw" title="13e eeuw">13e eeuw</a> zouden ze onder invloed van de <a href="/wiki/Altaj_(volk)" title="Altaj (volk)">Altaj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oeigoeren" title="Oeigoeren">Oeigoeren</a> en <a href="/wiki/Chakassen" title="Chakassen">Chakassen</a> (Jenisej <a href="/wiki/Kirgiezen" title="Kirgiezen">Kirgiezen</a>) een Turkse taal zijn gaan spreken. Ook namen ze in die tijd de naam 'As' aan. In de loop der tijd werd hun cultuur steeds meer beïnvloed door Mongoolse en Tataarse invloeden. Vanaf de 6e eeuw moesten ze schatting betalen aan de Turkse <a href="/wiki/Grootkan" title="Grootkan">grootkans</a>, Oeigoerse <a href="/wiki/Kan_(titel)" title="Kan (titel)">kans</a>, Mongoolse en <a href="/wiki/Kalmukken" title="Kalmukken">Kalmukse</a> <a href="/wiki/Leenheer" class="mw-redirect" title="Leenheer">leenheren</a>. Tussen de 14e en 17e eeuw maakte het volk deel uit van de sociale eenheid <i>Hongoray</i> of <i>Hooray</i>, die leefde op de steppen rond de middenloop van de <a href="/wiki/Jenisej" title="Jenisej">Jenisej</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russische_kolonisatie">Russische kolonisatie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjoren&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Russische kolonisatie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjoren&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Russische kolonisatie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 17e- en 18e-eeuwse Russische documenten worden de namen <i>Smeden-<a href="/wiki/Tataren" title="Tataren">Tataren</a></i> (кузнецкие татары), <i><a href="/wiki/Kondoma_(rivier)" title="Kondoma (rivier)">Kondoma</a>-Tataren</i> (кондомские татары) en <i><a href="/wiki/Mras-Soe" title="Mras-Soe">Mras-Soe</a> Tataren</i> (мрасские татары) gebruikt. De naam smeden werd aan hen gegeven vanwege hun goede smeedkunsten. De Russen kwamen zelf naar de regio vanaf <a href="/wiki/1618" title="1618">1618</a>. De wapens van de Sjoren waren geen partij tegen de Russen, die hen al snel onderwierpen aan de <i><a href="/wiki/Jasak" title="Jasak">jasak</a></i>. De Russen hadden het echter ook voorzien op hun ijzerwaren (alsook hun sabelmarterhuiden) en in <a href="/wiki/1641" title="1641">1641</a> probeerden ze de handel van de Sjoren te vernietigen en deze zelf in handen te krijgen. Dit mislukte echter daar de Sjoren er zwaar op gebrand waren hun ijzerhandel (met onder andere de Kalmukken, <a href="/wiki/Teleoeten" title="Teleoeten">Teleoeten</a> en <a href="/wiki/Chakassen" title="Chakassen">Chakassen</a>) te behouden, daar dit hun belangrijkste levenswijze was. Begin 18e eeuw wisten de Russen de handel echter alsnog in handen te krijgen, waarna de economie van de Sjoren instortte aan het einde van die eeuw. Een andere reden hiervoor was de instelling van de grenslijn tussen het <a href="/wiki/Keizerrijk_Rusland" title="Keizerrijk Rusland">Russische Rijk</a> en hun belangrijkste ijzerkopers; de Kalmukken en Chakassen. In dezelfde tijd kwamen echter ook steeds meer Russische productiegoederen naar het gebied, waardoor de noordelijke Sjoren hun levensstandaard aanmerkelijk konden verhogen. </p><p>In de loop van de Russische kolonisatie van Siberië kwamen ook orthodoxe <a href="/wiki/Missionaris" title="Missionaris">missionarissen</a> naar het gebied. In 1858 werden veel Sjoren bekeerd tot het <a href="/wiki/Russisch-orthodoxe_Kerk" class="mw-redirect" title="Russisch-orthodoxe Kerk">Russisch-orthodoxe geloof</a>, maar veel van hen bleven daarnaast vasthouden aan hun <a href="/wiki/Sjamanisme" title="Sjamanisme">sjamanistische</a> en <a href="/wiki/Animisme_(religie)" title="Animisme (religie)">animistische</a> geloofsrituelen, zoals het vereren van bergen en wilde dieren (vooral beren). </p><p>Aan het begin van de 20e eeuw vervingen veel Sjoren hun nomadische bestaan voor een baan als boer. De Russische tsaren hadden echter de hele Altajregio tot "staatsgrond" verklaard, waardoor ze zich niet zomaar ergens konden vestigen. Tussen 1910 en 1913 werden grote stukken grond gedeeltelijk uitgegeven en gedeeltelijk gepacht aan individuele Sjorische boeren. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sovjetperiode">Sovjetperiode</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjoren&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Sovjetperiode" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjoren&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Sovjetperiode"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Onder het communisme werd ingezet op het doen verdwijnen van het <a href="/wiki/Analfabetisme" title="Analfabetisme">analfabetisme</a>, waarmee orthodoxe missionarissen eerder al een begin hadden gemaakt. Kon in 1900 nog slechts 1% van de Sjoren lezen en schrijven; in 1935 was dit opgelopen tot bijna de helft en hadden de Sjoren 32 scholen met 64 onderwijzers in hun eigen taal. Tussen 1925 en 1939 bestond er ook een speciaal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nationaal_district&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nationaal district (de pagina bestaat niet)">nationaal district</a> voor de Sjoren, dat echter vervolgens weer werd opgeheven. </p><p>De jaren 30 waren echter ook de tijd van de grote <a href="/w/index.php?title=Industrialisatie_(Sovjet-Unie)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Industrialisatie (Sovjet-Unie) (de pagina bestaat niet)">industrialisatie</a>, die in de <a href="/wiki/Koezbass" title="Koezbass">Koezbass</a> grootschalige kolenmijnbouw en metallurgische fabrieken tot gevolg had met een enorme instroom en groei van Russische en andere bevolkingsgroepen in het gebied waar de Sjoren woonden. Tussen 1931 en 1938 daalde hierdoor hun aantal in het gebied van 38,8% naar 13%, waarna het alleen nog maar verder is gedaald. Ondertussen moesten veel noordelijke Sjoren wijken voor de bouw van industriële installaties en werden de zuidelijke Sjoren in dezelfde tijd <a href="/wiki/Collectivisatie" title="Collectivisatie">gecollectiviseerd</a>. Tegen 1949 werkte de helft van de Sjoren in de <a href="/wiki/Landbouw" title="Landbouw">landbouw</a> en een derde in de industrie. Daar de Sjoren, die van huis uit vaak jagers waren, slecht konden aarden in de landbouw, werd de collectivisatie geen succes en behaalden hun landbouwgronden nooit een grote opbrengst. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Huidige_situatie">Huidige situatie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjoren&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Huidige situatie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjoren&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Huidige situatie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Door de toegenomen Russische invloeden verdween veel van de Sjorische cultuur: veel Sjoren gingen in Russische huizen wonen en namen de Russische levensstijl over. De Sjorische taal wordt alleen (in steeds mindere mate) binnenshuis gesproken en echte instellingen voor het promoten van de Sjorische cultuur en taal zijn praktisch afwezig. De Sjoren zijn echter wel lid van de <a href="/w/index.php?title=RAIPON&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RAIPON (de pagina bestaat niet)">RAIPON</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_links">Externe links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjoren&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe links" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjoren&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe links"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>World Culture Encyclopedia: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.everyculture.com/Russia-Eurasia-China/Shors.html"><i>Shors</i></a></li> <li>NUPI: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930155500/http://www.nupi.no/cgi-win/Russland/etnisk_b.exe?Shorian"><i>Shors</i></a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> EKI: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/shors.shtml"><i>SHORS</i></a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211223052305/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/population/demo/per-itog/tab5.xls">Russische volkstelling 2010</a>. Gearchiveerd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2021-12-23">23 december 2021</span>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2017-11-14">14 november 2017</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211006173252/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/population/demo/per-itog/tab6.xls">Volkstelling 2010 taaltabel</a>. Gearchiveerd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2021-10-06">6 oktober 2021</span>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2017-11-14">14 november 2017</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120601173256/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/population/demo/per-itog/tab7.xls">Russische volkstelling 2010 per regio</a>. Gearchiveerd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2012-06-01">1 juni 2012</span>. 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title="Abazijnen">Abazijnen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Abchazi%C3%ABrs" title="Abchaziërs">Abchaziërs</a> · <a href="/wiki/Achvachen" title="Achvachen">Achvachen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Adygee%C3%ABrs_(Adygea)" title="Adygeeërs (Adygea)">Adygeeërs</a> · <a href="/wiki/Aino_(volk)" title="Aino (volk)">Aino</a> · <a href="/wiki/Aleoeten_(volk)" title="Aleoeten (volk)">Aleoeten</a> · <a href="/wiki/Aljoetoren" title="Aljoetoren">Aljoetoren</a> · <a href="/wiki/Altaj_(volk)" title="Altaj (volk)">Altaj</a> (Oirot) · <a href="/wiki/Andi_(volk)" title="Andi (volk)">Andi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Armeni%C3%ABrs" title="Armeniërs">Armeniërs</a> · <a href="/wiki/Avaren_(Kaukasus)" title="Avaren (Kaukasus)">Avaren</a> · <a href="/wiki/Azerbeidzjanen" title="Azerbeidzjanen">Azerbeidzjanen</a>· <a href="/wiki/Balkaren" title="Balkaren">Balkaren</a> · <a href="/wiki/Baraba_(volk)" title="Baraba (volk)">Baraba</a> · <a href="/wiki/Basjkieren" title="Basjkieren">Basjkieren</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bergjoden" 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title="Joekagieren">Joekagieren</a> · <a href="/wiki/Joepiken" title="Joepiken">Joepiken</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kabardijnen" title="Kabardijnen">Kabardijnen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kalmukken" title="Kalmukken">Kalmukken</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kamtsjadalen" title="Kamtsjadalen">Kamtsjadalen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Karatsjajers" title="Karatsjajers">Karatsjajers</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kareli%C3%ABrs" title="Kareliërs">Kareliërs</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kazachen" title="Kazachen">Kazachen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kereken" title="Kereken">Kereken</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ketten" title="Ketten">Ketten</a> · <a href="/wiki/Komi_(volk)" title="Komi (volk)">Komi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Koreanen" title="Koreanen">Koreanen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Korjaken" title="Korjaken">Korjaken</a> · <a href="/wiki/Korjo-saram" title="Korjo-saram">Korjo-saram</a> · <a href="/wiki/Krim-Tataren" title="Krim-Tataren">Krim-Tataren</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lezgi%C3%ABrs" title="Lezgiërs">Lezgiërs</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mansen" title="Mansen">Mansen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mari_(volk)" title="Mari (volk)">Mari</a> (Tsjeremissen) · <a href="/wiki/Meschetische_Turken" title="Meschetische Turken">Meschetische Turken</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mordwienen" title="Mordwienen">Mordwienen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nanai_(volk)" title="Nanai (volk)">Nanai</a> · <a href="/wiki/Negidalen" title="Negidalen">Negidalen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nenetsen" title="Nenetsen">Nenetsen</a> (Joeraken) · <a href="/wiki/Nganasanen" title="Nganasanen">Nganasanen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nivchen" title="Nivchen">Nivchen</a> (Giljaken) · <a href="/wiki/Nogai" title="Nogai">Nogai</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oedegen" title="Oedegen">Oedegen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oedmoerten" title="Oedmoerten">Oedmoerten</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oekra%C3%AFners" title="Oekraïners">Oekraïners</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oeltsjen" title="Oeltsjen">Oeltsjen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oezbeken" title="Oezbeken">Oezbeken</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oroken" title="Oroken">Oroken</a> · <a href="/wiki/Orotsjen" title="Orotsjen">Orotsjen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Osseten" title="Osseten">Osseten</a> · <a href="/wiki/Polen_(volk)" title="Polen (volk)">Polen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pomoren" title="Pomoren">Pomoren</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rusland-Duitsers" title="Rusland-Duitsers">Rusland-Duitsers</a> (inclusief <a href="/wiki/Rusland-Duitsers" title="Rusland-Duitsers">Wolga-Duitsers</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Russen_(volk)" title="Russen (volk)">Russen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Samen_(volk)" title="Samen (volk)">Samen</a> (Lappen) · <a href="/wiki/Selkoepen" title="Selkoepen">Selkoepen</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sjoren</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sojoten" title="Sojoten">Sojoten</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tabassaranen" title="Tabassaranen">Tabassaranen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Perzen" title="Perzen">Perzen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tadzjieken" title="Tadzjieken">Tadzjieken</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Taten" title="Taten">Taten</a> · <a href="/wiki/Teleoeten" title="Teleoeten">Teleoeten</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tofalaren" title="Tofalaren">Tofalaren</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tsachoeri%C3%ABrs" title="Tsachoeriërs">Tsachoeriërs</a> (Caxur) · <a href="/wiki/Tsjerkessen_(Karatsjaj-Tsjerkessi%C3%AB)" title="Tsjerkessen (Karatsjaj-Tsjerkessië)">Tsjerkessen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tsjetsjenen" title="Tsjetsjenen">Tsjetsjenen</a> (Noxchi) · <a href="/wiki/Tsjoektsjen" title="Tsjoektsjen">Tsjoektsjen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tsjoelymen" title="Tsjoelymen">Tsjoelymen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tsjoevanen" title="Tsjoevanen">Tsjoevanen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tsjoevasjen" title="Tsjoevasjen">Tsjoevasjen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Turkmenen" title="Turkmenen">Turkmenen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Toevanen" title="Toevanen">Toevanen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wepsen" title="Wepsen">Wepsen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wit-Russen" title="Wit-Russen">Belarussen</a> (Wit-Russen) · <a href="/wiki/Wolga-Tataren" title="Wolga-Tataren">Wolga-Tataren</a> · <a href="/wiki/Woten" title="Woten">Woten</a> </p> </div></div>    </div><noscript><img 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