CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91c6ad29e8c94df8',cH: 'vXxjgfIFuv_Lr7HuqnvhNwmXIsYPBds0.8Qm3z9SDt0-1741314684-1.2.1.1-Uf14wI4YTthSVSHNbWTQ5SenEScfLqlQgRXaClxBlp4OWo36eOzomKJpMZ4k6yGB',cUPMDTk: "\/2998\/ris?__cf_chl_tk=3C.DJnxvoKImNL4v0_.Gux2IcewO9355WkIYzn0CW68-1741314684-1.0.1.1-ABnluYgBl9x8O0aXJG0pkTLkGOU5uYgsSPRyN32zyQI",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1741314684',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/2998\/ris?__cf_chl_f_tk=3C.DJnxvoKImNL4v0_.Gux2IcewO9355WkIYzn0CW68-1741314684-1.0.1.1-ABnluYgBl9x8O0aXJG0pkTLkGOU5uYgsSPRyN32zyQI",md: "U0XsZjwZ6MCq7MRn5_ihpr__yG.WYR0Gulif9rqYAwQ-1741314684-1.2.1.1-FYxxVnpM.yKpkB4lL_cSvTs_wE_qQPmVGWOO7wRnIZ5OJGvOoBK1xvlU9EIC6HYTZj16UC678vft.ZdcgpLmJB23i0KHGLFCIur2paeIpAIEpCGL2sIKviieE0m9NPFt2xZkS.QTCDQ9ewQRl1w0xkIzDKoEwOpI8vrqILHlESPPiCVB4hVcz340hy9OO3.4sk.c.FtX7Q0HAuaRruyJVaFtXy33cHA9fIgAuPcd9a8Ty2s1AMYld2O3hae4o5CFSZssE4w3VkLu_nNhRpv8E4mGs8nT0IJJL1BjG4BZpTxqJvtNhAmAVs1SN7esNwAke_QoemnlEA7V5DXHtC_Ng6Dl5FT9FOzQf31D7blUYUrYVdEQEgTmlayTVoH9eWQh5bm63XVCyR6QdvYaNmz74d7xUqRfE4Lce4ZRIm4UL8kRdVX9hbQYZoED1LKX8aMI_eaQyLVeAylUVpIaDjiUCyVCgFPyWoX7tyAtsrLCnOQyBXDlunxcRx1sFgMcrRIztYvw9ATPh8FmMFrqx8NbB4R9gbPJqDDKSl8cMwDc127pN4LMBnTon9bPdYKV6UnHcuWvxkqwwGwMsXlJfUBpU1e8wj6ZEr_qNEg0F1UtOWux8eIFkXMsY9QaIhX2dBstlbfs.50gjYAgznH0UlPlcdssMGklAhopF5ollY2xuOnsJ0kjU0bvdOhOf3gnqJDPFPdlr.hT3CZ3rPvKEgU32F030gKGioADF9kMYv49CBLX2.8vlXHmjugeuSp_wfWEWZ0cxWUIIRNu5PzpnNjfLpabdGqUuMhZKjzTxXykiH_51qQ7UCVIa3rknOOcRNU_isGgeIM_MdiQGmvmJoILqwRlsQZLYzn8Pj4rx_Kn6dTxPzOc4YK.YTvGkW9V1luMUsdFmW2OUfC0J8_FpDHxmYz1ksiQ_SUKYEuQf8DGjBjINfYDXHS3sP6WnlaEktz0dks2Nj68TS3SF3Hwv7X1X_LfJMBZTa1M8GHzBs8qR2CrpP3bKvMeSzVa1mrJzTQAPBR8bAIBPTnsVnnJNGZS1Q7tKurt5_0O4FLRd_XWalmpvFpA1uc2QZEW16lVcZio5D7lMmKtecVkS0T5m1hCUX2hhuKMjecdSGhPfPd.jiHG2zJtvTV2t1I4.GhKtSDQnXXa49FEigSSewDnTO4OC9aeTTI4rMQU2QxpUyfjEfFaleoL9LvQUS8riKGAL.E9f.mIMyhc1UFyhUi9M5kUgQ",mdrd: "LLkmp2A03pOlWJNo3XhtE0WU0SnY9IpESgELVxD4yTQ-1741314684-1.2.1.1-n1m4H_xMP9OtyMet.OIR.bbS2pzWheG1McV6xT6aaAPsL9UgnsqPVv7aBIoTVNwjICyaf429KOF226fublVsJe1nJhgoUvR.MyY1E.myog_keye_fux.VAEU2Jz9zsg.ZhGIc.OwLbmTMST66VJ_nDRzHG_478MQMV0w9m6sSAeZSV.2q5kwsgFkeQJtiCSwlzhPdlGuU7qMuMQL6AAkoe9V176H9L.ec.bBTAonvgEHL17YtqGwnHK2nMJp6wW3kz32VD3oXMoVe4sMDLupDRZ6uuUC4EgU2MlSY8xslbweAdZx8HlWRj3J7wnlWUY7PQVmoRwtxHwQB1P0.0J0R2ewRqOiMAGjfLcvKrwdj0O.gYyKGOq856LS2J3bBTQ1mUbnGRH_y5MaKERjBgOm3s97dk2JAb2Q4ukbB7kwuCMjNJ53qwqP6cPlvv0f0mRxqPWx.KqoE8t8QChMV_k7AnmEZtZHY5JLOmifyYy3a3_2UDYbRFzU6cfyT0dJQdz_F_T1FV6yAh4HC_lTQb5ipoR3_OVqwDwXY6A8wYJbqs6pbPQC3tF071OwTgD18GFOP90O.Ft5qA4nw53AWh3vYde9.iibmUvZdPBMlsngKAwx4z6Trc3XLhn1_ncpuCxQ4E1D4Tl7In3IoUwZ02o1rQeql.KNB9ouSPueQ1HSDmEfTJZJvwSU4U_NrZywbPkrnaeLridBCb8bWGaOkvMDZaJAP9SgT.WeP0Nmmtp2P8I9h0GrxpLycUKB_ulw51jk27an17Cxef.fBxYK49GALeWCXY39qfq1ShdZPGIC0ARcTuBgY9ANOamFLlbzBG4vnBDXHBLs_9y1LJY796KN8FrCjCgL5128N0IAB6lq8PI2I1L0y_GOxLxItTjsKWF4KpkEjts6OyZhi8Bfw7aohVtSOTDzZCcOcjHkgn.wcZIYhjf0jXp83XIKy9CahMOvdKxxjRLdobUVTyd3BZvGWJ4Gy.vnYtLgJjZWX2Q84fHSq3IpNHpiia03mXHK0TRMqIJqVnURiZziiE1ZLosjCIINuxAdovxYCUk91Pco5w4Ww0_4fMTKAOOupdLT_I55UlEH3hF2rOszQSERvIC2Sa.D.aPNXD1GuOUhZaYAXyHUFmK61Xix.L2q.gzBaL2ftr0oZ8RX8teEJvQCXsyJbZqkh7IqFY8sB82FdnhlDY_WfbotFTMIvSF77c3SKGWq1H6DqrRa3hwXnQW6sgCq3gOBhm9mO4hDjEuktgvxAdB0WSKVvtL24gO_b1agX1m.m7Orgr3d80AoX0C94Sq81JtIJfiVaIloyHlnk5iXKmizSCknheD4.dNrQmENnzMm5T.r7Q_BuzRf68HCEZL.Jhbgl2RFt.U7dQSIcDIqHrAVUCPCXh1CNiYsP4whyOZs7q6lLajhXyX9iEHeaVoBUA7dfhHPXk10PT0s3IADbJqnwzq6rPONPpVozfFFMI628ALzjZaDusUmsR1THlpItqIiARdHNjwhfxMQAFYwHd.v0PO0rTol1Z4ioC5q4vyPfZx_Nf.R2e6NQQN_b5ckogXDDdLCuEitX1_3VBYvnUNU5QgH9sOp39pQsV8sNODuiThBB.VE20S9Qg_SXIYyEJSluyesSczIqZstgRqNLA6wLGO0tTRzQDvNoUidJzjbzyA0nzHtwQeQyp7nFy_VvHfCDYPDu0eKabGXxJDEchSfwN0umfk0Igaz5lbdH1qgjwmFwqYzx7XxymnRRVogQ4wTwGATbVmXz3WoBZkQXOeDlLGAw9CTOXxAMgZv4HOKip_Zzdh6eheEXVP0D6ZWWdekvg6gSWRCQZW93Eg7H_2NjtxBDNWDckD2Gx8skLlSq4TaeMp4C3bj9PpoWokKuVQYbtvJLbiOb9teBEEtVF9gp46KZTPBZgsQdinv1Kfq3r6zNgfcpIM0SuI5qIdqdtHKOiG5PwYFPh2QWjPJybv91MjkmMFPkYWLRWCETI2MBUNJv5JLepOPbd4_dQcNKw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91c6ad29e8c94df8';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/2998\/ris?__cf_chl_rt_tk=3C.DJnxvoKImNL4v0_.Gux2IcewO9355WkIYzn0CW68-1741314684-1.0.1.1-ABnluYgBl9x8O0aXJG0pkTLkGOU5uYgsSPRyN32zyQI" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>