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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verse_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Verse 9</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verse_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verse_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verse_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Verse 10</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verse_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verse_11" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verse_11"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Verse 11</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verse_11-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verse_12" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verse_12"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verse_20"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Verse 20</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verse_20-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Revelation 3</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div style="float: left;">← <a href="/wiki/Revelation_2" title="Revelation 2">chapter 2</a></div><div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/Revelation_4" title="Revelation 4">chapter 4</a> →</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Uncial_0169_Ap_3,12-4,1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Uncial_0169_Ap_3%2C12-4%2C1.jpg/200px-Uncial_0169_Ap_3%2C12-4%2C1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Uncial_0169_Ap_3%2C12-4%2C1.jpg/300px-Uncial_0169_Ap_3%2C12-4%2C1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Uncial_0169_Ap_3%2C12-4%2C1.jpg/400px-Uncial_0169_Ap_3%2C12-4%2C1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="468" data-file-height="580" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><div style="width: 250px; text-align: center; line-height: 1em">Revelation 3:19-4:3 on <a href="/wiki/Uncial_0169" title="Uncial 0169">Uncial 0169</a> from the fourth century.</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Book</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Category</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse" title="Apocalypse">Apocalypse</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Christian Bible part</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Order in the Christian part</th><td class="infobox-data">27</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Revelation 3</b> is the third chapter of the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a> or the Apocalypse of John in the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>. The book is traditionally attributed to <a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John the Apostle</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the precise identity of the author remains a point of academic debate.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This chapter contains messages to the churches of <a href="/wiki/Sardis" title="Sardis">Sardis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ala%C5%9Fehir" title="Alaşehir">Philadelphia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laodicea_on_the_Lycus" title="Laodicea on the Lycus">Laodicea</a>, three of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_churches_of_Asia" title="Seven churches of Asia">seven churches of Asia</a> located in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, continuing from the messages for the other four churches which appear in <a href="/wiki/Revelation_2" title="Revelation 2">chapter 2</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauckham20071289_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauckham20071289-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Text">Text</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revelation_3&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The original text was written in <a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Koine Greek</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">This chapter is divided into</a> 22 verses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Textual_witnesses">Textual witnesses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revelation_3&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Textual witnesses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are among others:<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_115" title="Papyrus 115">Papyrus 115</a> (c. 275; extant verses 10–12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Sinaiticus" title="Codex Sinaiticus">Codex Sinaiticus</a> (330-360)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncial_0169" title="Uncial 0169">Uncial 0169</a> (4th century; extant verses 19–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Alexandrinus" title="Codex Alexandrinus">Codex Alexandrinus</a> (400-440)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Ephraemi_Rescriptus" title="Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus">Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus</a> (c. 450; extant verses 1–19)</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seven_churches_of_asia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Seven_churches_of_asia.svg/150px-Seven_churches_of_asia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Seven_churches_of_asia.svg/225px-Seven_churches_of_asia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Seven_churches_of_asia.svg/300px-Seven_churches_of_asia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="623" data-file-height="944" /></a><figcaption>The map of <i>West <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a></i> (formerly the <a href="/wiki/Asia_(Roman_province)" title="Asia (Roman province)">province of Asia</a>) showing the island of <a href="/wiki/Patmos" title="Patmos">Patmos</a> and the location of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_churches_of_Asia" title="Seven churches of Asia">seven churches</a> mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Old_Testament_references">Old Testament references</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revelation_3&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Old Testament references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="#Verse_7">Revelation 3:7</a>: <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Isaiah#22:22" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Isaiah">Isaiah 22:22</a></li> <li><a href="#Verse_19">Revelation 3:19</a>: <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Proverbs#3:11" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Proverbs">Proverbs 3:11</a><sup id="cite_ref-kingjamesbibleonline.org_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kingjamesbibleonline.org-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Message_to_Sardis_(3:1–6)"><span id="The_Message_to_Sardis_.283:1.E2.80.936.29"></span>The Message to Sardis (3:1–6)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revelation_3&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Message to Sardis (3:1–6)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Revelation_3-5_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Revelation_3-5_-_panoramio.jpg/250px-Revelation_3-5_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Revelation_3-5_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Revelation_3-5_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Revelation_3-5_-_panoramio.jpg/500px-Revelation_3-5_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Graffito of Rev 3:5 at <a href="/wiki/Waimanalo_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Waimanalo Beach">Waimanalo Beach</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verse_1">Verse 1</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revelation_3&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Verse 1"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>"And to the angel of the church in Sardis write,</i> <dl><dd><i>‘These things says He who has the seven Spirits of God and the seven stars: "I know your works, that you have a name that you are alive, but you are dead."'"</i><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Textus_Receptus" title="Textus Receptus">Textus Receptus</a> has the words <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical Greek language">Biblical Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">το ονομα</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Biblical Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">to onoma</i></span>, <b>the</b> name. Biblical exegete <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_August_Wilhelm_Meyer" title="Heinrich August Wilhelm Meyer">Heinrich Meyer</a> notes that the <a href="/wiki/Definite_article" class="mw-redirect" title="Definite article">definite article</a> (το) does not appear in several of the ancient manuscripts and is "to be deleted".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Douai-Rheims_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Douai-Rheims Bible">Douai-Rheims</a> translation and the <a href="/wiki/Revised_Standard_Version" title="Revised Standard Version">Revised Standard Version</a> refer to "the name" whereas the <a href="/wiki/New_Revised_Standard_Version" title="New Revised Standard Version">New Revised Standard Version</a> and many modern translations refer to "a name"; the meaning is interpreted as "a reputation" by the <a href="/wiki/Amplified_Bible" title="Amplified Bible">Amplified Bible</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_International_Version" title="New International Version">New International Version</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Message_to_Philadelphia_(3:7–13)"><span id="The_Message_to_Philadelphia_.283:7.E2.80.9313.29"></span>The Message to Philadelphia (3:7–13)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revelation_3&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The Message to Philadelphia (3:7–13)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verse_7">Verse 7</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revelation_3&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Verse 7"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>“And to the angel of the church in Philadelphia write,</i> <dl><dd><i>‘These things says He who is holy, He who is true, “He who has the key of David, He who opens and no one shuts, and shuts and no one opens”:</i><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>The citation is from <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_22:22" class="mw-redirect" title="Isaiah 22:22">Isaiah 22:22</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verse_8">Verse 8</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revelation_3&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Verse 8"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>I know what you do; I know that you have a little power; you have followed my teaching and have been faithful to me. I have opened a door in front of you, which no one can close.</i><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verse_9">Verse 9</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revelation_3&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Verse 9"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Indeed I will make those of the <a href="/wiki/Synagogue_of_Satan" title="Synagogue of Satan">synagogue of Satan</a>, who say they are Jews and are not, but lie—indeed I will make them come and worship before your feet, and to know that I have loved you.</i><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verse_10">Verse 10</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revelation_3&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Verse 10"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Because you have kept the word of My perseverance, I also will keep you from the hour of testing, that hour which is about to come upon the whole world, to test those who dwell on the earth.</i><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verse_11">Verse 11</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revelation_3&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Verse 11"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Look, I am coming soon! Hold tightly to the little strength you have—so that no one will take away your crown.</i><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verse_12">Verse 12</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revelation_3&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Verse 12"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Him that overcometh will I make a pillar in the temple of my God,</i> <dl><dd><i>and he shall go no more out:</i></dd></dl></dd> <dd><i>and I will write upon him the name of my God,</i> <dl><dd><i>and the name of the city of my God,</i></dd></dl></dd> <dd><i>which is <a href="/wiki/New_Jerusalem" title="New Jerusalem">new Jerusalem</a>,</i> <dl><dd><i>which cometh down out of heaven from my God:</i></dd></dl></dd> <dd><i>and I will write upon him my new name.</i><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Cross reference: <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_56:5" class="mw-redirect" title="Isaiah 56:5">Isaiah 56:5</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verse_13">Verse 13</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revelation_3&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Verse 13"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>“Anyone with ears to hear must listen to the Spirit and understand what he is saying to the churches.</i><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Message_to_Laodicea_(3:14–22)"><span id="The_Message_to_Laodicea_.283:14.E2.80.9322.29"></span>The Message to Laodicea (3:14–22)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revelation_3&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: The Message to Laodicea (3:14–22)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verse_14">Verse 14</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revelation_3&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Verse 14"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>And to the angel of the church of the Laodiceans write,</i> <dl><dd><i>'These things says the <a href="/wiki/Amen" title="Amen">Amen</a>, the Faithful and True Witness, the Beginning of the creation of God:'</i><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>In <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+65:16&version=nkjv">Isaiah 65:16</a> - <i>he who blesses himself in the earth shall bless himself in the God of truth</i> - the literal translation refers to the God of Amen.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Common_English_Bible" title="Common English Bible">Common English Bible</a> gives the translation as "the God called Amen".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verse_15">Verse 15</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revelation_3&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Verse 15"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>I know your works, that you are neither cold nor hot.</i><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Jamieson-Fausset-Brown_Bible_Commentary" title="Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary">Jamieson-Fausset-Brown</a> commentary, "cold" must mean "more than negatively cold", i.e. not warm: it must mean "positively, icy cold: never warmed", while "hot" literally means "boiling" or "fervent". They comment that "the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lukewarm" class="extiw" title="wikt:lukewarm">lukewarm</a> state (verse 16), if it be the transitional stage to a warmer, is a desirable state (for a little religion, if real, is better than none); but most fatal when, as here, an abiding condition, for it is mistaken for a safe state."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verse_18">Verse 18</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revelation_3&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Verse 18"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>I counsel you to buy from Me <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> refined in the fire,</i> <dl><dd><i>that you may be rich;</i></dd></dl></dd> <dd><i>and white garments, that you may be clothed,</i> <dl><dd><i>that the shame of your nakedness may not be revealed;</i></dd></dl></dd> <dd><i>and anoint your eyes with eye salve,</i> <dl><dd><i>that you may see.</i><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StAlbansFiveDock_StainedGlass_JesusKnock.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/StAlbansFiveDock_StainedGlass_JesusKnock.jpg/250px-StAlbansFiveDock_StainedGlass_JesusKnock.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="522" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/StAlbansFiveDock_StainedGlass_JesusKnock.jpg/330px-StAlbansFiveDock_StainedGlass_JesusKnock.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2385" data-file-height="8293" /></a><figcaption>Revelation 3:20 on the stained glass window depicting Jesus at St Alban's Anglican Church, Five Dock, New South Wales, Australia</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verse_20">Verse 20</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revelation_3&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Verse 20"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Behold, I stand at the door and knock. If anyone hears My voice and opens the door, I will come in to him and dine with him, and he with Me.</i><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Laodicean_Church#"Behold,_I_stand"_(3:20)" title="Laodicean Church">Laodicean Church § "Behold, I stand" (3:20)</a></div> <p>The vision of Christ "standing at the door" may be expressive of the near approach, or sudden coming of Christ to judgment (see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=James+5:9&version=nkjv">James 5:9</a>), and his knocking may signify the notice that will be given of it, by some of the immediate forerunners and signs of his coming; which yet will be observed but by a few, such a general sleepiness will have seized all professors of religion; and particularly may intend the midnight cry, which will, in its issue, rouse them all.<sup id="cite_ref-gill_Rev3_20_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gill_Rev3_20-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revelation_3&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:In-n-out_Burger_verses_-_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/In-n-out_Burger_verses_-_2.jpg/250px-In-n-out_Burger_verses_-_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/In-n-out_Burger_verses_-_2.jpg/330px-In-n-out_Burger_verses_-_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>The wrapper of a hamburger from <a href="/wiki/In-N-Out_Burger" title="In-N-Out Burger">In-N-Out Burger</a> featuring a bible verse from the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The hamburger and cheeseburger wrappers of <a href="/wiki/In-N-Out_Burger" title="In-N-Out Burger">In-N-Out Burger</a> has the text "REVELATION 3:20", which refers to the <a href="#Verse_20">verse 20</a> of this chapter.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revelation_3&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Apostles" class="mw-redirect" title="Acts of Apostles">Acts of Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John%27s_vision_of_the_Son_of_Man" title="John's vision of the Son of Man">John's vision of the Son of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John the Apostle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_churches_of_Asia" title="Seven churches of Asia">Seven churches of Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synagogue_of_Satan" title="Synagogue of Satan">Synagogue of Satan</a></li> <li>Related <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> parts: <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_22" title="Isaiah 22">Isaiah 22</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippians_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippians 4">Philippians 4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Revelation_1" title="Revelation 1">Revelation 1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Revelation_2" title="Revelation 2">Revelation 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Revelation_20" title="Revelation 20">Revelation 20</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revelation_3&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Book of Revelation is missing from <a href="/wiki/Codex_Vaticanus" title="Codex Vaticanus">Codex Vaticanus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revelation_3&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEvans2005" class="citation book cs1">Evans, Craig A. (2005). Craig A. Evans (ed.). <i>Bible Knowledge Background Commentary: John, Hebrews-Revelation</i>. Colorado Springs, Colo.: Victor. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0781442281" title="Special:BookSources/0781442281"><bdi>0781442281</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bible+Knowledge+Background+Commentary%3A+John%2C+Hebrews-Revelation&rft.place=Colorado+Springs%2C+Colo.&rft.pub=Victor&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0781442281&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Craig+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARevelation+3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">F. L. Cross, <i>The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church</i>, (New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 1997), 45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauckham20071289-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauckham20071289_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauckham2007">Bauckham 2007</a>, p. 1289.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elliott, J. K. "Revelations from the apparatus criticus of the Book of Revelation: How Textual Criticism Can Help Historians." <i>Union Seminary Quarterly Review</i> 63, no. 3-4 (2012): 1-23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Claremont Coptic Encyclopaedia, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ccdl.libraries.claremont.edu/cdm/ref/collection/cce/id/491#img_view_container">Codex Vaticanus</a>, accessed 29 September 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kingjamesbibleonline.org-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kingjamesbibleonline.org_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/Reuelation_3_1611/">"Biblical concordances of Revelation 3 in the 1611 King James Bible"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biblical+concordances+of+Revelation+3+in+the+1611+King+James+Bible&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kingjamesbibleonline.org%2FReuelation_3_1611%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARevelation+3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+3:1&version=nkjv">Revelation 3:1</a> <a href="/wiki/New_King_James_Version" title="New King James Version">NKJV</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Meyer, H. A. W., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/commentaries/meyer/revelation/3.htm">Meyer's NT Commentary</a> on Revelation 3, accessed 12 October 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/BibleGateway.com" class="mw-redirect" title="BibleGateway.com">BibleGateway.com</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/verse/en/Revelation%203:1">Translations of Revelation 3:1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+3:7&version=nkjv">Revelation 3:7</a> NKJV</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Note on Revelation 3:7 in <a href="/wiki/Complete_Jewish_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Complete Jewish Bible">CJB</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+3:8&version=gnt">Revelation 3:8</a> GNT</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+3:9&version=nkjv">Revelation 3:9</a> NKJV</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+3:10&version=nasb1995">Revelation 3:10</a> NASB1995</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+3:11&version=tlb">Revelation 3:11</a> TLB</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Revelation#3:12" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Revelation">Revelation 3:12</a> <a href="/wiki/King_James_Version" title="King James Version">KJV</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+3:13&version=nlt">Revelation 3:13</a> <a href="/wiki/New_Living_Translation" title="New Living Translation">NLT</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+3:14&version=nkjv">Revelation 3:14</a> NKJV</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Bible" title="Jerusalem Bible">Jerusalem Bible</a> (1966), footnote at Revelation 3:14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+65:16&version=ceb">Isaiah 65:16</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+3:15&version=nkjv">Revelation 3:15</a> NKJV</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jamieson, Fausset and Brown, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/commentaries/jfb/revelation/3.htm">Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary</a> on Revelation 3, accessed 14 October 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+3:18&version=nkjv">Revelation 3:18</a> NKJV</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+3:20&version=nkjv">Revelation 3:20</a> NKJV</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gill_Rev3_20-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gill_Rev3_20_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/gills-exposition-of-the-bible/Revelation-3-20.html"><i>John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible</i> - Revelation 3:20</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHunter2022" class="citation news cs1">Hunter, Paul (29 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thatoregonlife.com/2022/07/why-does-in-n-out-burger-put-bible-verses-on-their-packaging/">"Why does In-N-Out Burger put Bible verses on their packaging?"</a>. <i>That Oregon Life</i>. Oregon, USA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=That+Oregon+Life&rft.atitle=Why+does+In-N-Out+Burger+put+Bible+verses+on+their+packaging%3F&rft.date=2022-07-29&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthatoregonlife.com%2F2022%2F07%2Fwhy-does-in-n-out-burger-put-bible-verses-on-their-packaging%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARevelation+3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revelation_3&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBauckham2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bauckham" title="Richard Bauckham">Bauckham, Richard</a> (2007). "81. Revelation". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ"><i>The Oxford Bible Commentary</i></a> (first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">1287–</span>1306. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199277186" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199277186"><bdi>978-0199277186</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=81.+Revelation&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Bible+Commentary&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1287-%3C%2Fspan%3E1306&rft.edition=first+%28paperback%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0199277186&rft.aulast=Bauckham&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZJdVkgEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARevelation+3" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGill" class="citation book cs1">Gill, John. <i>Exposition of the Entire Bible (1746-1763)</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exposition+of+the+Entire+Bible+%281746-1763%29&rft.aulast=Gill&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARevelation+3" class="Z3988"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revelation_3&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Revelation#3:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Revelation">Revelation 3</a> King James Bible - Wikisource</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=1&b=27&c=3">English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190617054401/http://latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=1&b=27&c=3">Archived</a> 2019-06-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gospelhall.org/bible/bible.php?passage=Revelation+3"><i>Online Bible</i> at GospelHall.org</a> (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?book_id=73&chapter=3">Multiple bible versions at <i>Bible Gateway</i></a> (NKJV, NIV, NRSV etc.)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> <a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">chapters</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_1" title="Revelation 1">Revelation 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_2" title="Revelation 2">2</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_4" title="Revelation 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_5" title="Revelation 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_6" title="Revelation 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_7" title="Revelation 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_8" title="Revelation 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_9" title="Revelation 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_10" title="Revelation 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_11" title="Revelation 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_12" title="Revelation 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_13" title="Revelation 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_14" title="Revelation 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_15" title="Revelation 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_16" title="Revelation 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_17" title="Revelation 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_18" title="Revelation 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_19" title="Revelation 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_20" title="Revelation 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_21" title="Revelation 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_22" title="Revelation 22">22</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armageddon" title="Armageddon">Armageddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphrates" title="Euphrates">Euphrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laodicea_on_the_Lycus" title="Laodicea on the Lycus">Laodicea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patmos" title="Patmos">Patmos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pergamon" title="Pergamon">Pergamum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ala%C5%9Fehir" title="Alaşehir">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardis" title="Sardis">Sardis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smyrna" title="Smyrna">Smyrna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodom_and_Gomorrah" title="Sodom and Gomorrah">Sodom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyatira" title="Thyatira">Thyatira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asher" title="Asher">Asher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balak" title="Balak">Balak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaam" title="Balaam">Balaam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin" title="Benjamin">Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gad_(son_of_Jacob)" title="Gad (son of Jacob)">Gad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issachar" title="Issachar">Issachar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> <a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezebel" title="Jezebel">Jezebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)" title="Joseph (Genesis)">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judah_(biblical_person)" class="mw-redirect" title="Judah (biblical person)">Judah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi" title="Levi">Levi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manasseh_(tribal_patriarch)" title="Manasseh (tribal patriarch)">Manasseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naphtali" title="Naphtali">Naphtali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_(biblical_person)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reuben (biblical person)">Reuben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_(Hebrew_Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Simeon (Hebrew Bible)">Simeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebulun" title="Zebulun">Zebulun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Events_of_Revelation" title="Events of Revelation">Events</a>/<br />Terms/ Phrases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abaddon" title="Abaddon">Abaddon/Apollyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_and_Omega" title="Alpha and Omega">Alpha and Omega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beast_(Revelation)" title="The Beast (Revelation)">Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Life" title="Book of Life">Book of Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Horsemen_of_the_Apocalypse" title="Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse">Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetramorph" title="Tetramorph">Four Living Creatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_of_Fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake of Fire">Lake of Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Last Judgment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennialism" title="Millennialism">Millennialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jerusalem" title="New Jerusalem">New Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Number_of_the_beast" title="Number of the beast">Number of the Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_bowls" title="Seven bowls">Seven bowls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_churches_of_Asia" title="Seven churches of Asia">Seven churches of Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_seals" title="Seven seals">Seven seals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_trumpets" title="Seven trumpets">Seven trumpets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John%27s_vision_of_the_Son_of_Man" title="John's vision of the Son of Man">Son of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Angels%27_Messages" title="Three Angels' Messages">Three Angels' Messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whore_of_Babylon" title="Whore of Babylon">Whore of Babylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_of_the_Apocalypse" title="Woman of the Apocalypse">Woman of the Apocalypse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wormwood_(Bible)" title="Wormwood (Bible)">Wormwood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interpretations_of_the_Book_of_Revelation" title="Interpretations of the Book of Revelation">Interpretation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Futurism_(Christianity)" title="Futurism (Christianity)">Futurist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicist_interpretations_of_the_Book_of_Revelation" title="Historicist interpretations of the Book of Revelation">Historicist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idealism_(Christian_eschatology)" title="Idealism (Christian eschatology)">Idealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preterism" title="Preterism">Preterist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Foxe%27s_apocalyptic_thought" title="John Foxe's apocalyptic thought">by John Foxe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Johannine_works" title="Authorship of the Johannine works">Authorship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Patmos" title="John of Patmos">John of Patmos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_variants_in_the_Book_of_Revelation" title="Textual variants in the Book of Revelation">Textual variants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manuscripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_18" title="Papyrus 18">Papyrus 18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_24" title="Papyrus 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_43" title="Papyrus 43">43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_47" title="Papyrus 47">47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_85" title="Papyrus 85">85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_98" title="Papyrus 98">98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_115" title="Papyrus 115">115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawford_Aramaic_New_Testament_manuscript" title="Crawford Aramaic New Testament manuscript">Crawford Aramaic New Testament manuscript</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/el:%CE%91%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%85%CF%88%CE%B9%CF%82_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85" class="extiw" title="wikisource:el:Αποκάλυψις Ιωάννου">Greek Text</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Apocalypsis" class="extiw" title="wikisource:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Apocalypsis">Latin Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(Wycliffe)/Apocalips" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (Wycliffe)/Apocalips">Wycliffe Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Revelation" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (King James)/Revelation">King James Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Revelation" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Revelation">American Standard Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(World_English)/Revelation" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (World English)/Revelation">World English Version</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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