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<div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Mrežno mjesto"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Ultrakratki_optički_pulsevi_velike_snage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ultrakratki_optički_pulsevi_velike_snage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ultrakratki optički pulsevi velike snage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ultrakratki_optički_pulsevi_velike_snage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gérard Mourou</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 55 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88" title="جيرار مورو – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جيرار مورو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88" title="جيرار مورو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جيرار مورو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8C%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8B" title="জেৰাৰ্ড মৌৰো – asamski" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জেৰাৰ্ড মৌৰো" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gérard Mourou" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" title="Жэрар Муру – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Жэрар Муру" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" title="Жерар Муру – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Жерар Муру" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81" title="জেরার মুরু – bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জেরার মুরু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou – bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Gérard Mourou" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gérard Mourou" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gérard Mourou" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gérard Mourou" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gérard Mourou" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%81_%CE%9C%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D" title="Ζεράρ Μουρού – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζεράρ Μουρού" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Gérard Mourou" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gérard Mourou" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gérard Mourou" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gérard Mourou" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88" title="ژرار مورو – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژرار مورو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gérard Mourou" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gérard Mourou" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gérard Mourou" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou – hakka kineski" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Gérard Mourou" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%27%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95" title="ז'ראר מורו – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ז'ראר מורו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gérard Mourou" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BA%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%80_%D5%84%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Ժերար Մուրու – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ժերար Մուրու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Gérard Mourou" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gérard Mourou" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gérard Mourou" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gérard Mourou" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A0%E3%83%AB" title="ジェラール・ムル – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジェラール・ムル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8A" title="ಗೆರಾರ್ಡ್ ಮೌರೊ – karnatački" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗೆರಾರ್ಡ್ ಮೌರೊ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="karnatački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EB%9D%BC%EB%A5%B4_%EB%AC%B4%EB%A3%A8" title="제라르 무루 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제라르 무루" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerardus_Mourou" title="Gerardus Mourou – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gerardus Mourou" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" title="Жерар Муру – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Жерар Муру" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%81" title="ഷെറാദ് മൊറു – malajalamski" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഷെറാദ് മൊറു" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gérard Mourou" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88" title="ژرار مورو – mazanderanski" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ژرار مورو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou – donjonjemački" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Gérard Mourou" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="donjonjemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gérard Mourou" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gérard Mourou" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gérard Mourou" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gérard Mourou" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou – rumunjski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gérard Mourou" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83,_%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Муру, Жерар – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Муру, Жерар" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gérard Mourou" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" title="Жерар Муру – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Жерар Муру" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gérard Mourou" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81" title="செரார் மூரு – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செரார் மூரு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gérard Mourou" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" title="Жерар Муру – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Жерар Муру" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" title="Жерар Муру – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Жерар Муру" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gérard Mourou" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E9%B2%81" title="热拉尔·穆鲁 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="热拉尔·穆鲁" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou – min nan kineski" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Gérard Mourou" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E8%83%A1" title="穆胡 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="穆胡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q556543#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Poveznice na druge jezike" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi poveznice</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Pogledaj 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:%C5%A0to_vodi_ovamo/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Popis svih stranica koje sadrže poveznice na ovu stranicu [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Što vodi ovamo</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Povezane_promjene/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" rel="nofollow" title="Nedavne promjene na stranicama koje su povezane s navedenom stranicom [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Povezane promjene</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Upload" title="Postavi datoteke [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Postavi datoteku</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Posebne_stranice" title="Popis svih posebnih stranica [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Posebne stranice</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%A9rard_Mourou&oldid=6249746" 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</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:25em; font-size:90%; text-align:left;" cellspacing="2"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:larger; background-color:#e8e8ff; color:#000000;"><b>Gérard Mourou</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:G%C3%A9rard_Mourou,_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou%2C_2014.jpg/200px-G%C3%A9rard_Mourou%2C_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou%2C_2014.jpg/300px-G%C3%A9rard_Mourou%2C_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou%2C_2014.jpg/400px-G%C3%A9rard_Mourou%2C_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3703" data-file-height="5554" /></a></span><br /></td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #DDDDDD;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Rođenje </th> <td><a href="/wiki/22._lipnja" title="22. lipnja">22. lipnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1944." title="1944.">1944.</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Albertville" title="Albertville">Albertville</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Savoie (stranica ne postoji)">Savoie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francuska" title="Francuska">Francuska</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Državljanstvo </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Francuzi" title="Francuzi">Francuz</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Polje </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika">Fizika</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Institucija </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_polytechnique" title="École polytechnique">École polytechnique</a> u <a href="/wiki/Pariz" title="Pariz">Parizu</a>, <br /> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Normale_Sup%C3%A9rieure" title="École Normale Supérieure">École Normale Supérieure</a> u <a href="/wiki/Pariz" title="Pariz">Parizu</a>, <br /> Sveučilište u <a href="/wiki/San_Diego,_Kalifornija" title="San Diego, Kalifornija">San Diegu</a>, <br /> Sveučilište u <a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochesteru</a>, <br /> Michigansko sveučilište u <a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor,_Michigan" title="Ann Arbor, Michigan">Ann Arboru</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Alma mater </th> <td>Sveučilište u <a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenobleu</a> <br /> Sveučilište Pierre i Marie Curie u <a href="/wiki/Pariz" title="Pariz">Parizu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Istaknuti studenti </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Donna_Strickland" title="Donna Strickland">D. Strickland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Poznat po </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ultrakratki_opti%C4%8Dki_pulsevi_velike_snage" title="Ultrakratki optički pulsevi velike snage">Ultrakratki optički pulsevi velike snage</a> ili CPA tehnika </td></tr> <tr> <th>Istaknute nagrade </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku" title="Nobelova nagrada za fiziku">Nobelova nagrada za fiziku</a> (2018.) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#e8e8ff; padding-top:3px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%C5%BDivotopis" title="Portal:Životopis">Portal o životopisima</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Amplification_%C3%A0_d%C3%A9rive_de_fr%C3%A9quence.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Amplification_%C3%A0_d%C3%A9rive_de_fr%C3%A9quence.png/300px-Amplification_%C3%A0_d%C3%A9rive_de_fr%C3%A9quence.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Amplification_%C3%A0_d%C3%A9rive_de_fr%C3%A9quence.png/450px-Amplification_%C3%A0_d%C3%A9rive_de_fr%C3%A9quence.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Amplification_%C3%A0_d%C3%A9rive_de_fr%C3%A9quence.png/600px-Amplification_%C3%A0_d%C3%A9rive_de_fr%C3%A9quence.png 2x" data-file-width="2139" data-file-height="1399" /></a><figcaption>Skica nastanka <a href="/wiki/Ultrakratki_opti%C4%8Dki_pulsevi_velike_snage" title="Ultrakratki optički pulsevi velike snage">iznimno kratki optički pulsevi velike snage</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Laboratoire_d%27optique_appliqu%C3%A9e_(LOA)_(24950366092).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Laboratoire_d%27optique_appliqu%C3%A9e_%28LOA%29_%2824950366092%29.jpg/300px-Laboratoire_d%27optique_appliqu%C3%A9e_%28LOA%29_%2824950366092%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Laboratoire_d%27optique_appliqu%C3%A9e_%28LOA%29_%2824950366092%29.jpg/450px-Laboratoire_d%27optique_appliqu%C3%A9e_%28LOA%29_%2824950366092%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Laboratoire_d%27optique_appliqu%C3%A9e_%28LOA%29_%2824950366092%29.jpg/600px-Laboratoire_d%27optique_appliqu%C3%A9e_%28LOA%29_%2824950366092%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5711" data-file-height="3807" /></a><figcaption>Fotografija femtosekundnog <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">lasera</a> s pojačanjem izlazne frekvencije ("Laboratorija primijenjene optike").</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:CPA_compressor.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/CPA_compressor.svg/300px-CPA_compressor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/CPA_compressor.svg/450px-CPA_compressor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/CPA_compressor.svg/600px-CPA_compressor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="267" data-file-height="161" /></a><figcaption>Skica <a href="/wiki/Kompresor" title="Kompresor">kompresora</a> na bazi <a href="/wiki/Opti%C4%8Dka_re%C5%A1etka" title="Optička rešetka">optičke rešetka</a> s negativnom <a href="/wiki/Disperzija_(optika)" title="Disperzija (optika)">disperzijom</a>, to jest najkraće <a href="/wiki/Valna_duljina" title="Valna duljina">valne duljine</a> (plava boja) izlaze prve.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Gérard Mourou</b> ili <b>Gérard Albert Mourou</b> (<a href="/wiki/Albertville" title="Albertville">Albertville</a>, 22. lipnja 1944.), francuski <a href="/wiki/Fizi%C4%8Dar" title="Fizičar">fizičar</a>. <a href="/wiki/Diploma" title="Diploma">Diplomirao</a> (1967.) i <a href="/wiki/Doktor" title="Doktor">doktorirao</a> (1973.) na Sveučilištu Pierre i Marie Curie u <a href="/wiki/Pariz" title="Pariz">Parizu</a>. Radio na sveučilištima u <a href="/wiki/San_Diego,_Kalifornija" title="San Diego, Kalifornija">San Diegu</a> (od 1973. do 1977.), <a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochesteru</a>(od 1977. do 1988.) i <a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor,_Michigan" title="Ann Arbor, Michigan">Michiganu</a> (od 1988. do 2004.) u <a href="/wiki/SAD" class="mw-redirect" title="SAD">SAD</a>-u i bio direktor Laboratorija primijenjene optike na <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_sup%C3%A9rieure_de_techniques_avanc%C3%A9es" title="École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées">École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées</a> u Parizu (od 2005. do 2009.). Bavio se fizikom <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">lasera</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nelinearna_fizika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nelinearna fizika (stranica ne postoji)">nelinearnom optikom</a> i proučavanjem međudjelovanja laserske <a href="/wiki/Svjetlost" title="Svjetlost">svjetlosti</a> i <a href="/wiki/Tvar" title="Tvar">tvari</a>. U suradnji s <a href="/wiki/Donna_Strickland" title="Donna Strickland">D. Strickland</a> pridonio je razvoju laserskih sustava za stvaranje iznimno kratkih (10<sup>–15</sup> <a href="/wiki/Sekunda" title="Sekunda">s</a>) <a href="/wiki/Optika" title="Optika">optičkih</a> pulseva velike <a href="/wiki/Snaga" title="Snaga">snage</a> (10<sup>15</sup> <a href="/wiki/Vat" title="Vat">W</a>), koji se danas koriste za precizno <a href="/wiki/Rezanje" title="Rezanje">rezanje</a> u <a href="/wiki/Industrija" title="Industrija">industriji</a> i u <a href="/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina">medicini</a>. Član je <a href="/wiki/Ruska_akademija_znanosti" title="Ruska akademija znanosti">Ruske akademije znanosti</a> od 2008. Za razvoj metode stvaranja <a href="/wiki/Ultrakratki_opti%C4%8Dki_pulsevi_velike_snage" title="Ultrakratki optički pulsevi velike snage">ultrakratkih optičkih pulseva velike snage</a> dobio je s D. Strickland <a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku" title="Nobelova nagrada za fiziku">Nobelovu nagradu za fiziku</a> (2018.). Iste je godine nagrađen i <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashkin" title="Arthur Ashkin">A. Ashkin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ultrakratki_optički_pulsevi_velike_snage"><span id="Ultrakratki_opti.C4.8Dki_pulsevi_velike_snage"></span>Ultrakratki optički pulsevi velike snage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%A9rard_Mourou&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Ultrakratki optički pulsevi velike snage" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%A9rard_Mourou&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Ultrakratki optički pulsevi velike snage"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7016135">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Ultrakratki_opti%C4%8Dki_pulsevi_velike_snage" title="Ultrakratki optički pulsevi velike snage">Ultrakratki optički pulsevi velike snage</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Ultrakratki optički pulsevi velike snage</b> ili <b>iznimno kratki optički pulsevi velike snage</b> (<a href="/wiki/Engleski_jezik" title="Engleski jezik">eng</a>. <i>Chirped Pulse Amplification</i> ili <b>CPA tehnika</b>) nastali su u težnji stvaranja <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">laserske</a> <a href="/wiki/Svjetlost" title="Svjetlost">svjetlosti</a> što veće <a href="/wiki/Snaga" title="Snaga">snage</a> i <a href="/wiki/Jakost_zra%C4%8Denja" title="Jakost zračenja">jakosti</a>, a to se nastoji još od izuma lasera 60-tih godina 20. stoljeća. Povijesno gledano, rješenje se tražilo razvijanjem metoda stvaranja što kraćih laserskih pulseva kako bi se dana količina <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">energije</a> isporučila u kraćem vremenskom prozoru čime se povećava <a href="/wiki/Jakost_svjetlosti" class="mw-redirect" title="Jakost svjetlosti">jakost svjetlosti</a>. Osnovni preduvjet pojave nelinearnih optičkih učinaka je da jakost <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dno_polje" title="Električno polje">električnog polja</a> laserske svjetlosti (svjetlost je <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetski_val" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektromagnetski val">elektromagnetski val</a>) mora biti usporediva s električnim poljem koje veže <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektrone</a> unutar <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atoma</a>. Tehnike razvijene 1960-tih omogućile su stvaranje pulseva vršne snage reda veličine giga<a href="/wiki/Vat" title="Vat">vata</a> (GW) čime su stvoreni preduvjeti za istraživanja nelinearnih optičkih učinaka kao što su miješanje više svjetlosnih <a href="/wiki/Val" title="Val">valova</a>, stvaranje viših <a href="/wiki/Harmonijsko_titranje" title="Harmonijsko titranje">harmonika</a>, samo<a href="/wiki/Fokus" class="mw-redirect" title="Fokus">fokusiranje</a>, stimulirano <a href="/wiki/Ramanov_u%C4%8Dinak" title="Ramanov učinak">Ramanovo raspršenje</a> i tako dalje. Ironično, isti razlog koji je omogućio istraživanje novih pojava usporio je daljnji napredak u razvoju laserskih izvora još veće snage koji bi na primjer omogućili stvaranje laserske <a href="/wiki/Plazma_(fizika)" title="Plazma (fizika)">plazme</a> i razvoj novih područja istraživanja kao što je relativistička <a href="/wiki/Optika" title="Optika">optika</a>. Tipično se pojačanje pulseva odvija u odgovarajućem <a href="/wiki/Kristal" title="Kristal">kristalu</a> (najčešće u <a href="/wiki/Titanij" title="Titanij">titanijem</a> dopiranom <a href="/wiki/Safir_(dragi_kamen)" title="Safir (dragi kamen)">safiru</a>) u kojem je optičkim putem pohranjena energija koju puls koji pojačavamo treba "pokupiti". Problem nastaje kada su ti pulsevi toliko kratki da, zbog svoje velike snage koja je koncentrirana u vrlo malom vremenskom rasponu, uzrokuju fizička oštećenja kristala, kroz učinak samofokusiranja i filamentacije laserske zrake u kristalu. Smanjenjem jakosti pulsa drastično se umanjuje učinkovitost procesa pojačanja te se činilo kako će biti nemoguće razviti <a href="/wiki/Tehnologija" title="Tehnologija">tehnologiju</a> do stupnja koji bi omogućio izradu pouzdanih laserskih izvora ultrakratkih (pikosekundnih i femtosekundnih) pulseva koji bi se mogli koristiti i izvan najnaprednijih <a href="/wiki/Znanost" title="Znanost">znanstvenih</a> <a href="/wiki/Institut" title="Institut">instituta</a>. </p><p>Strickland i Mourou na svoju revolucionarnu ideju došli su posudivši zamisao nešto ranije razvijen u <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radarskoj</a> tehnologiji gdje je jedan od problema bio kako povećati domet i preciznost radarskog otkrivanja (detekcije). Veći domet ostvariv je povećanjem snage <a href="/wiki/Radiovalovi" title="Radiovalovi">radio valova</a>, dok se preciznost može povećati slanjem kratkih pulseva radio valova. Glavna tehnološka prepreka bila je u razvoju odgovarajućih <a href="/wiki/Poja%C4%8Dala_snage" title="Pojačala snage">elektroničkih pojačala</a> signala koji bi davali <a href="/wiki/Mikrovalno_zra%C4%8Denje" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikrovalno zračenje">mikrovalno zračenje</a> željenih svojstava što je riješeno korištenjem rastegnutih pulseva kako bi pojačalo radilo smanjenom snagom u duljem vremenskom periodu dok se skupljanje pulseva, ako je bilo potrebno, radilo nakon detekcije povratnog zračenja. </p><p>Kako bi se shvatio način rada iznimno kratkih optičkih pulseva velike snage ili CPA tehnike potrebno je najprije poznavati osnovna svojstva lasera. Iako se najčešće pogrešno smatra kako je po određenju laser <a href="/wiki/Monokromator" title="Monokromator">monokromatski</a> (jednobojni) izvor <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetsko_zra%C4%8Denje" title="Elektromagnetsko zračenje">elektromagnetskog zračenja</a>, kada je riječ o pulsnim laserima, kao posljedica <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fourier" title="Joseph Fourier">Fourierovih transformacija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spektar_(fizika)" title="Spektar (fizika)">spektar</a> laserskog zračenja nije više uzak već mu je širina određena trajanjem pulsa u vremenu. Što su laserski pulsevi kraći, to im je spektar širi. Korištenjem <a href="/wiki/Disperzija_(optika)" title="Disperzija (optika)">disperzivnih</a> dijelova, kao što su recimo <a href="/wiki/Opti%C4%8Dka_re%C5%A1etka" title="Optička rešetka">optičke rešetke</a>, moguće je manipulirati laserskim pulsevima na način da se mijenja duljina puta valova različitih <a href="/wiki/Valna_duljina" title="Valna duljina">valnih duljina</a> pulsa čime je moguće produljiti puls u vremenu: duljina puta koji prođu kraće (plave) valne duljine je dulja od duljine puta koji prođu dulje (crvene) valne duljine. Za laserski puls kojemu dulje valne duljine prethode kraćima kažemo da posjeduje pozitivni cvrkut (eng. <i>chirp</i>) jer <a href="/wiki/Frekvencija" title="Frekvencija">frekvencija</a> valova raste s vremenom prolaska pulsa, dok u suprotnom slučaju govorimo o negativnom cvrkutu. U oba slučaja kao rezultat imamo proširenje laserskog pulsa u vremenu. Kako se disperzijom očito mijenja i profil (poprečni presjek) zrake koja se širi i divergira, potrebno je upotrijebiti još jednu rešetku kako bi se poništio taj učinak i zraka zadržala svoju <a href="/wiki/Paralelnost" title="Paralelnost">paralelnost</a>. Najčešće se koristi dvostruki prolaz kroz sustav dvije rešetke kako bi se laserskoj zraci vratio početni profil. CPA tehnika (pojačanje rastegnutog pulsa), u pojednostavnjenoj slici, svodi se na sljedeće: laserski puls koji želimo pojačati najprije se rastegne u vremenu kako bi mu se smanjila vršna snaga, zatim ga se pojača, i nakon toga ponovno skrati na početnu vrijednost koristeći disperzijske optičke dijelove kao što su optičke rešetke ili <a href="/wiki/Prizma_(optika)" title="Prizma (optika)">prizme</a>. </p><p>G. Mourou iznimno je aktivan znanstvenik čiji je rad prepoznat i cijenjen u cijelom svijetu zbog svog doprinosa u područjima elektronike, optoelektronike, arheologije i medicine. Između ostalog, idejni je začetnik europskog projekta <i>Extreme Light Infrastructure</i> (ELI) čiji je cilj izgradnja laserskih sustava koji će svojim svojstvima, jakoćom i kratkoćom laserskog pulsa, nadmašiti sve postojeće lasere. Planirana vršna snaga ovih lasera bit će desetak petavata (deset milijuna milijardi vata), što odgovara jakošću zračenja većem od <a href="/wiki/Sun%C4%8Devo_zra%C4%8Denje" title="Sunčevo zračenje">zračenja površine Sunca</a>. </p><p>Nakon <a href="/wiki/Maria_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie" title="Maria Skłodowska-Curie">M. Curie</a> i <a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer">M. Goeppert-Mayer</a>, D. Strickland tek je treća žena i jedina živuća ženska dobitnica Nobelove nagrade za fiziku. Nagradu je podijelila sa svojim nekadašnjim suradnikom i doktorskim mentorom G. Mourouom, s kojim je sredinom 1980-tih razvila CPA tehniku koja je omogućila povećanje snage i jakosti laserske svjetlosti za nekoliko redova veličine i time otvorila brojna nova područja istraživanja i primjene lasera. </p><p>Iako je ova tehnika omogućila značajni napredak u razvoju lasera postavlja se pitanje zašto je razvoj ove tehnike toliko važan da zaslužuje Nobelovu nagradu? Odgovor leži u brojnim važnim područjima znanosti, medicine i industrije gdje su ovi laseri našli svoju primjenu. U znanosti, najpoznatija primjena lasera zasnovanih na CPA tehnici koristi kratkoću ovih pulseva za <a href="/wiki/Spektroskopija" title="Spektroskopija">spektroskopsko</a> praćenje dinamike <a href="/wiki/Kemijska_reakcija" title="Kemijska reakcija">kemijskih reakcija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molekularne_vibracije" title="Molekularne vibracije">molekularnih vibracija</a> i prijelaznih stanja gdje se procesi odvijaju na femtosekundnoj vremenskoj skali (femtosekunda je milijunti dio milijarditog dijela sekunde) te za moguću lasersku manipulaciju kemijskim reakcijama, za što je <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_H._Zewail" title="Ahmed H. Zewail">A. Zewailu</a> dodijeljena Nobelova nagrada za kemiju 1999. Novi laserski izvori zasnovani na CPA zamisli koriste se za izradu <a href="/wiki/Ubrziva%C4%8D_%C4%8Destica" class="mw-redirect" title="Ubrzivač čestica">ubrzivača čestica</a> (akceleratora) na bazi laserski inducirane plazme koji bi jednog dana, zbog svoje kompaktnosti, mogli zamijeniti radiofrekventne ubrzivače čestica kakvi se danas koriste u bolnicama za na primjer <a href="/wiki/Radioterapija" title="Radioterapija">radioterapiju</a> <a href="/wiki/Tumor" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumor">tumora</a>. Nadalje, ovi laserski izvori omogućili su proboj i ubrzali razvoj područja istraživanja vezanih uz stvaranje visokih harmonika, kako bi se valne duljine laserskih izvora iz tradicionalnog područja vidljivog dijela spektra pomakle prema dubokom <a href="/wiki/Ultraljubi%C4%8Dasto_zra%C4%8Denje" title="Ultraljubičasto zračenje">ultraljubičastom</a> i <a href="/wiki/Rendgenske_zrake" title="Rendgenske zrake">rendgenskom području</a>. </p><p>Rezultati ovih istraživanja omogućili su razvoj tehnika za stvaranje još tisuću puta kraćih, atosekundnih laserskih pulseva, čime je omogućeno donedavno nezamislivo praćenje dinamike <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektrona</a> unutar <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atoma</a>. Svoju primjenu ultrakratki laseri nalaze u znanstvenim istraživanjima s velikom mogućnošću primjene kao što su razvoj novih učinkovitijih <a href="/wiki/Katalizator" title="Katalizator">katalizatora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fotonaponske_%C4%87elije" title="Fotonaponske ćelije">sunčevih ćelija</a>, novih izvora energije, učinkovitijih načina spremanja podataka, te u razvoju novih <a href="/wiki/Lijek" title="Lijek">lijekova</a>. Svim navedenim istraživanjima zajedničko je da se većina najvažnijih procesa odvija na ultrakratkoj vremenskoj skali. U posljednja 3 desetljeća izvori ultrakratkih laserskih zraka našli su svoju primjenu i u brojnim područjima izvan znanosti, kao što su precizno mikrostrukturiranje te u <a href="/wiki/Oftalmologija" title="Oftalmologija">oftalmologiji</a> za liječenje miopije (<a href="/wiki/Kratkovidnost" title="Kratkovidnost">kratkovidnosti</a>) i uklanjanje <a href="/wiki/Astigmatizam" title="Astigmatizam">astigmatizma</a>. Tehnološki napredak, koji je svojim idejama ovaj znanstveni dvojac, omogućio je razvoj brojnih novih područja istraživanja u osnovnoj i primijenjenoj znanosti, medicini i industriji čiji se razvoj još ne naslućuje.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%A9rard_Mourou&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%A9rard_Mourou&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>Mourou, Gérard</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=70607">[1]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", mrežno izdanje, Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, , 2020. www.enciklopedija.hr, pristupljeno 8.5.2020. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Silvije Vidović, Nataša Vujičić: "Nobelova nagrada za fiziku 2018. za optičku pincetu i pojačavanje laserskih pulseva", <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://popularizacija.ifs.hr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/nobelova-nagrada.pdf">[2]</a>, Matematičko-fizički list, LXIX 2 (2018. – 2019.), autori su s Instituta za fiziku, Centar za napredne laserske tehnike – CALT u Zagrebu; pristupljeno 7.5.2020. </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#d3d3d3;" colspan="2" class="navbox-naslov"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand navbar" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-variant:small-caps; ;background:#d3d3d3;;border:none;;"><a href="/wiki/Predlo%C5%BEak:Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku" title="Predložak:Nobelova nagrada za fiziku"><span title="Vidi ovaj predložak." style=";background:#d3d3d3;;border:none;;">v</span></a> • <a href="/wiki/Razgovor_o_predlo%C5%A1ku:Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku" title="Razgovor o predlošku:Nobelova nagrada za fiziku"><span style="color:#002bb8;;background:#d3d3d3;;border:none;;" title="Razgovor o ovom predlošku.">r</span></a> • <a class="external text" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predlo%C5%BEak:Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;background:#d3d3d3;;border:none;;" title="Možete urediti ovaj predložak. Prije spremanja provjerite kako će izgledati.">u</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Dobitnici_Nobelove_nagrade_za_fiziku" title="Kategorija:Dobitnici Nobelove nagrade za fiziku">Dobitnici</a> <a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku" title="Nobelova nagrada za fiziku">Nobelove nagrade za fiziku</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku#1900-e" title="Nobelova nagrada za fiziku">1900-ih</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">1901. <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Conrad_R%C3%B6ntgen" title="Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen">Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen</a>  <b>·</b> 1902. <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Antoon Lorentz">Hendrik Antoon Lorentz</a> i <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Pieter Zeeman</a>  <b>·</b> 1903. <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Henri_Becquerel" title="Antoine Henri Becquerel">Antoine Henri Becquerel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">Pierre Curie</a> i <a href="/wiki/Maria_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie" title="Maria Skłodowska-Curie">Marie Curie</a>  <b>·</b> 1904. <a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt_Rayleigh" title="John William Strutt Rayleigh">John William Strutt Rayleigh</a>  <b>·</b> 1905. <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Lenard" title="Philipp Lenard">Philipp Lenard</a>  <b>·</b> 1906. <a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">Joseph John Thomson</a>  <b>·</b> 1907. <a href="/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson">Albert Abraham Michelson</a>  <b>·</b> 1908. <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann">Gabriel Lippmann</a>  <b>·</b> 1909. <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a> i <a href="/wiki/Carl_Ferdinand_Braun" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Ferdinand Braun">Carl Ferdinand Braun</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku#1910-e" title="Nobelova nagrada za fiziku">1910-ih</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">1910. <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals">Johannes Diderik van der Waals</a>  <b>·</b> 1911. <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien" title="Wilhelm Wien">Wilhelm Wien</a>  <b>·</b> 1912. <a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Dal%C3%A9n" title="Gustaf Dalén">Nils Gustaf Dalén</a>  <b>·</b> 1913. <a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Heike Kamerlingh Onnes</a>  <b>·</b> 1914. <a href="/wiki/Max_von_Laue" title="Max von Laue">Max von Laue</a>  <b>·</b> 1915. <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">William Henry Bragg</a> i <a href="/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg" title="William Lawrence Bragg">William Lawrence Bragg</a>  <b>·</b> 1917. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Glover_Barkla" title="Charles Glover Barkla">Charles Glover Barkla</a>  <b>·</b> 1918. <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a>  <b>·</b> 1919. <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Stark" title="Johannes Stark">Johannes Stark</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku#1920-e" title="Nobelova nagrada za fiziku">1920-ih</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">1920. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Edouard_Guillaume" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Edouard Guillaume">Charles Edouard Guillaume</a>  <b>·</b> 1921. <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a>  <b>·</b> 1922. <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a>  <b>·</b> 1923. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Robert Andrews Millikan</a>  <b>·</b> 1924. <a href="/wiki/Karl_Manne_Georg_Siegbahn" title="Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn">Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn</a>  <b>·</b> 1925. <a href="/wiki/James_Franck" title="James Franck">James Franck</a> i <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz">Gustav Ludwig Hertz</a>  <b>·</b> 1926. <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin">Jean Baptiste Perrin</a>  <b>·</b> 1927. <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Holly_Compton" title="Arthur Holly Compton">Arthur Holly Compton</a> i <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">Charles Thomson Rees Wilson</a>  <b>·</b> 1928. <a href="/wiki/Owen_Willans_Richardson" title="Owen Willans Richardson">Owen Willans Richardson</a>  <b>·</b> 1929. <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">Louis de Broglie</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku#1930-e" title="Nobelova nagrada za fiziku">1930-ih</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">1930. <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Candrasekara_Venkata_Raman" title="Čandrasekara Venkata Raman">Čandrasekara Venkata Raman</a>  <b>·</b> 1932. <a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Werner Heisenberg</a>  <b>·</b> 1933. <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Erwin Schrödinger</a> i <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac</a>  <b>·</b> 1935. <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">James Chadwick</a>  <b>·</b> 1936. <a href="/wiki/Victor_Franz_Hess" title="Victor Franz Hess">Victor Franz Hess</a> i <a href="/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson" title="Carl David Anderson">Carl David Anderson</a>  <b>·</b> 1937. <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Joseph_Davisson" title="Clinton Joseph Davisson">Clinton Joseph Davisson</a> i <a href="/wiki/George_Paget_Thomson" title="George Paget Thomson">George Paget Thomson</a>  <b>·</b> 1938. <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a>  <b>·</b> 1939. <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Orlando_Lawrence" title="Ernest Orlando Lawrence">Ernest Orlando Lawrence</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku#1940-e" title="Nobelova nagrada za fiziku">1940-ih</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">1943. <a href="/wiki/Otto_Stern" title="Otto Stern">Otto Stern</a>  <b>·</b> 1944. <a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Isidor Isaac Rabi</a>  <b>·</b> 1945. <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Ernst_Pauli" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolfgang Ernst Pauli">Wolfgang Pauli</a>  <b>·</b> 1946. <a href="/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman">Percy Williams Bridgman</a>  <b>·</b> 1947. <a href="/wiki/Edward_Appleton" title="Edward Appleton">Edward Victor Appleton</a>  <b>·</b> 1948. <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Maynard_Stuart_Blackett" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett">Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett</a>  <b>·</b> 1949. <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Jukava" title="Hideki Jukava">Hideki Jukava</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku#1950-e" title="Nobelova nagrada za fiziku">1950-ih</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">1950. <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Frank_Powell" title="Cecil Frank Powell">Cecil Frank Powell</a>  <b>·</b> 1951. <a href="/wiki/John_Cockcroft" title="John Cockcroft">John Douglas Cockcroft</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Walton" title="Ernest Walton">Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton</a>  <b>·</b> 1952. <a href="/wiki/Felix_Bloch" title="Felix Bloch">Felix Bloch</a> i <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Edward Mills Purcell</a>  <b>·</b> 1953. <a href="/wiki/Frits_(Frederik)_Zernike" class="mw-redirect" title="Frits (Frederik) Zernike">Frits (Frederik) Zernike</a>  <b>·</b> 1954. <a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Max Born</a> i <a href="/wiki/Walther_Bothe" title="Walther Bothe">Walther Bothe</a>  <b>·</b> 1955. <a href="/wiki/Willis_Eugene_Lamb" title="Willis Eugene Lamb">Willis Eugene Lamb</a>  <b>·</b> 1956. <a href="/wiki/William_Bradford_Shockley" title="William Bradford Shockley">William Bradford Shockley</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a> i <a href="/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Walter Houser Brattain</a>  <b>·</b> 1957. <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cen_Ning_Jang" class="mw-redirect" title="Čen Ning Jang">Čen Ning Jang</a> i <a href="/wiki/Cung-Dao_Li" class="mw-redirect" title="Cung-Dao Li">Cung-Dao Li</a>  <b>·</b> 1958. <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Aleksejevi%C4%8D_%C4%8Cerenkov" title="Pavel Aleksejevič Čerenkov">Pavel Aleksejevič Čerenkov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilja_Mihajlovi%C4%8D_Frank" title="Ilja Mihajlovič Frank">Ilja Mihajlovič Frank</a> i <a href="/wiki/Igor_Jevgenijevi%C4%8D_Tamm" class="mw-redirect" title="Igor Jevgenijevič Tamm">Igor Jevgenijevič Tamm</a>  <b>·</b> 1959. <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Emilio Gino Segre</a> i <a href="/wiki/Owen_Chamberlain" title="Owen Chamberlain">Owen Chamberlain</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku#1960-e" title="Nobelova nagrada za fiziku">1960-ih</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">1960. <a href="/wiki/Donald_Glaser" title="Donald Glaser">Donald Arthur Glaser</a>  <b>·</b> 1961. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Robert Hofstadter</a> i <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Ludwig_M%C3%B6ssbauer" title="Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer">Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer</a>  <b>·</b> 1962. <a href="/wiki/Lev_Davidovi%C4%8D_Landau" title="Lev Davidovič Landau">Lev Davidovič Landau</a>  <b>·</b> 1963. <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">Eugene Paul Wigner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer">Maria Goeppert-Mayer</a> i <a href="/wiki/J._Hans_D._Jensen" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Hans D. Jensen">J. Hans D. Jensen</a>  <b>·</b> 1964. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes">Charles Hard Townes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_Genadijevi%C4%8D_Basov" title="Nikolaj Genadijevič Basov">Nikolaj Genadijevič Basov</a> i <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Prohorov" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksandar Prohorov">Aleksandar Prohorov</a>  <b>·</b> 1965. <a href="/wiki/Sin-Itiro_Tomonaga" class="mw-redirect" title="Sin-Itiro Tomonaga">Sin-Itiro Tomonaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julian_Schwinger" class="mw-redirect" title="Julian Schwinger">Julian Schwinger</a> i <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman"> Richard P. Feynman</a>  <b>·</b> 1966. <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kastler" title="Alfred Kastler">Alfred Kastler</a>  <b>·</b> 1967. <a href="/wiki/Hans_Albrecht_Bethe" title="Hans Albrecht Bethe">Hans Albrecht Bethe</a>  <b>·</b> 1968. <a href="/wiki/Luis_Alvarez" title="Luis Alvarez">Luis Walter Alvarez</a>  <b>·</b> 1969. <a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Murray Gell-Mann</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku#1970-e" title="Nobelova nagrada za fiziku">1970-ih</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">1970. <a href="/wiki/Hannes_Olof_G%C3%B6sta_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén">Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén</a> i <a href="/wiki/Louis_Eugene_F%C3%A9lix_N%C3%A9el" title="Louis Eugene Félix Néel">Louis Eugene Félix Néel</a>  <b>·</b> 1971. <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Gabor" title="Dennis Gabor">Dennis Gabor</a>  <b>·</b> 1972. <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leon_Neil_Cooper" title="Leon Neil Cooper">Leon Neil Cooper</a> i <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer" title="John Robert Schrieffer">John Robert Schrieffer</a>  <b>·</b> 1973. <a href="/wiki/Leo_Esaki" title="Leo Esaki">Leo Esaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivar_Giaever" title="Ivar Giaever">Ivar Giaever</a> i <a href="/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" class="mw-redirect" title="Brian David Josephson">Brian David Josephson</a>  <b>·</b> 1974. <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Martin Ryle</a> i <a href="/wiki/Antony_Hewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Antony Hewish">Antony Hewish</a>  <b>·</b> 1975. <a href="/wiki/Aage_Niels_Bohr" title="Aage Niels Bohr">Aage Niels Bohr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Roy_Mottelson" title="Ben Roy Mottelson">Ben Roy Mottelson</a> i <a href="/wiki/Leo_James_Rainwater" class="mw-redirect" title="Leo James Rainwater">Leo James Rainwater</a>  <b>·</b> 1976. <a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Burton Richter</a> i <a href="/wiki/Samuel_%C4%8Cao_%C4%8Cung_Ting" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Čao Čung Ting">Samuel Čao Čung Ting</a>  <b>·</b> 1977. <a href="/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson" title="Philip Warren Anderson">Philip Warren Anderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Nevill Francis Mott</a> i <a href="/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_van_Vleck" class="mw-redirect" title="John Hasbrouck van Vleck">John Hasbrouck van Vleck</a>  <b>·</b> 1978. <a href="/wiki/Pjotr_Leonidovi%C4%8D_Kapica" title="Pjotr Leonidovič Kapica">Pjotr Leonidovič Kapica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arno_Penzias" class="mw-redirect" title="Arno Penzias">Arno Penzias</a> i <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">Robert Woodrow Wilson</a>  <b>·</b> 1979. <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Lee_Glashow" title="Sheldon Lee Glashow">Sheldon Lee Glashow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Abdus Salam</a> i <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Steven Weinberg</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku#1980-e" title="Nobelova nagrada za fiziku">1980-ih</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">1980. <a href="/wiki/James_Watson_Cronin" class="mw-redirect" title="James Watson Cronin">James Watson Cronin</a> i <a href="/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Val Logsdon Fitch</a>  <b>·</b> 1981. <a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Nicolaas Bloembergen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_L._Schawlow" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur L. Schawlow">Arthur L. Schawlow</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kai_Manne_Siegbahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Kai Manne Siegbahn">Kai Manne Siegbahn</a>  <b>·</b> 1982. <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_G._Wilson" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth G. Wilson">Kenneth G. Wilson</a>  <b>·</b> 1983. <a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Subrahmanjan Čandrasehar</a> i <a href="/wiki/William_A._Fowler" class="mw-redirect" title="William A. Fowler">William A. Fowler</a>  <b>·</b> 1984. <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia">Carlo Rubbia</a> i <a href="/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer" title="Simon van der Meer">Simon van der Meer</a>  <b>·</b> 1985. <a href="/wiki/Klaus_von_Klitzing" title="Klaus von Klitzing">Klaus von Klitzing</a>  <b>·</b> 1986. <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska">Ernst Ruska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Binnig" title="Gerd Binnig">Gerd Binnig</a> i <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rohrer" title="Heinrich Rohrer">Heinrich Rohrer</a>  <b>·</b> 1987. <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Georg_Bednorz" title="Johannes Georg Bednorz">Johannes Georg Bednorz</a> i <a href="/wiki/Karl_Alexander_M%C3%BCller" title="Karl Alexander Müller">Karl Alexander Müller</a>  <b>·</b> 1988. <a href="/wiki/Leon_M._Lederman" class="mw-redirect" title="Leon M. Lederman">Leon Max Lederman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Schwartz" title="Melvin Schwartz">Melvin Schwartz</a> i <a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Jack Steinberger</a>  <b>·</b> 1989. <a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster_Ramsey" title="Norman Foster Ramsey">Norman Foster Ramsey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Georg_Dehmelt" title="Hans Georg Dehmelt">Hans Georg Dehmelt</a> i <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Paul" title="Wolfgang Paul">Wolfgang Paul</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku#1990-e" title="Nobelova nagrada za fiziku">1990-ih</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">1990. <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Isaac_Friedman" title="Jerome Isaac Friedman">Jerome Isaac Friedman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Way_Kendall" title="Henry Way Kendall">Henry Way Kendall</a> i <a href="/wiki/Richard_Edward_Taylor" title="Richard Edward Taylor">Richard Edward Taylor</a>  <b>·</b> 1991. <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">Pierre-Gilles de Gennes</a>  <b>·</b> 1992. <a href="/wiki/Georgij_Harpak" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgij Harpak">Georgij Harpak</a>  <b>·</b> 1993. <a href="/wiki/Russell_Alan_Hulse" title="Russell Alan Hulse">Russell Alan Hulse</a> i <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hooton_Taylor_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.">Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.</a>  <b>·</b> 1994. <a href="/wiki/Bertram_N._Brockhouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Bertram N. Brockhouse">Bertram N. Brockhouse</a> i <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Shull" class="mw-redirect" title="Clifford Shull">Clifford Shull</a>  <b>·</b> 1995. <a href="/wiki/Martin_Lewis_Perl" title="Martin Lewis Perl">Martin Lewis Perl</a> i <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Frederick Reines</a>  <b>·</b> 1996. <a href="/wiki/David_Morris_Lee" title="David Morris Lee">David Morris Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_D._Osheroff" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas D. Osheroff">Douglas Dean Osheroff</a> i <a href="/wiki/Robert_Coleman_Richardson" title="Robert Coleman Richardson">Robert Coleman Richardson</a>  <b>·</b> 1997. <a href="/wiki/Steven_Chu" title="Steven Chu">Steven Chu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji" title="Claude Cohen-Tannoudji">Claude Cohen-Tannoudji</a> i <a href="/wiki/William_Daniel_Phillips" title="William Daniel Phillips">William Daniel Phillips</a>  <b>·</b> 1998. <a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Laughlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert B. Laughlin">Robert B. Laughlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horst_Ludwig_St%C3%B6rmer" title="Horst Ludwig Störmer">Horst Ludwig Störmer</a> i <a href="/wiki/Daniel_%C4%8Ci_Cui" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Či Cui">Daniel Či Cui</a>  <b>·</b> 1999. <a href="/wiki/Gerardus_%27t_Hooft" title="Gerardus 't Hooft">Gerardus 't Hooft</a> i <a href="/wiki/Martinus_J.G._Veltman" class="mw-redirect" title="Martinus J.G. Veltman">Martinus J.G. Veltman</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku#2000-e" title="Nobelova nagrada za fiziku">2000-ih</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">2000. <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDores_Ivanovi%C4%8D_Alfjorov" title="Žores Ivanovič Alfjorov">Žores Ivanovič Alfjorov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kroemer" title="Herbert Kroemer">Herbert Kroemer</a> i <a href="/wiki/Jack_S._Kilby" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack S. Kilby">Jack S. Kilby</a>  <b>·</b> 2001. <a href="/wiki/Eric_Allin_Cornell" title="Eric Allin Cornell">Eric Allin Cornell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Ketterle" title="Wolfgang Ketterle">Wolfgang Ketterle</a> i <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wieman" title="Carl Wieman">Carl Edwin Wieman</a>  <b>·</b> 2002. <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Raymond Davis Jr.">Raymond Davis Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masato%C5%A1i_Ko%C5%A1iba" class="mw-redirect" title="Masatoši Košiba">Masatoši Košiba</a> i <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Riccardo Giacconi</a>  <b>·</b> 2003. <a href="/wiki/Aleksej_Aleksejevi%C4%8D_Abrikosov" title="Aleksej Aleksejevič Abrikosov">Aleksej Aleksejevič Abrikosov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitalij_Lazarevi%C4%8D_Ginzburg" title="Vitalij Lazarevič Ginzburg">Vitalij Lazarevič Ginzburg</a> i <a href="/wiki/Anthony_James_Leggett" title="Anthony James Leggett">Anthony James Leggett</a>  <b>·</b> 2004. <a href="/wiki/David_Gross" class="mw-redirect" title="David Gross">David J. Gross</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_David_Politzer" title="Hugh David Politzer">H. David Politzer</a> i <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wilczek" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Wilczek">Frank Wilczek</a>  <b>·</b> 2005. <a href="/wiki/Theodor_H%C3%A4nsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodor Hänsch">Theodor Hänsch</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_L._Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="John L. Hall">John Hall</a> i <a href="/wiki/Roy_Glauber" class="mw-redirect" title="Roy Glauber">Roy Glauber</a>  <b>·</b> 2006. <a href="/wiki/John_C._Mather" class="mw-redirect" title="John C. Mather">John C. Mather</a> i <a href="/wiki/George_F._Smoot" class="mw-redirect" title="George F. Smoot">George F. Smoot</a>  <b>·</b> 2007. <a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Albert Fert</a> i <a href="/wiki/Peter_Andreas_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Andreas Grünberg">Peter A. Grünberg</a>  <b>·</b> 2008. <a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Yoichiro Nambu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi" title="Makoto Kobayashi">Makoto Kobayashi</a> i <a href="/wiki/Toshihide_Maskawa" title="Toshihide Maskawa">Toshihide Maskawa</a>  <b>·</b> 2009. <a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Kao" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles K. Kao">Charles K. Kao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willard_Boyle" title="Willard Boyle">Willard Boyle</a> i <a href="/wiki/George_E._Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="George E. Smith">George E. Smith</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku#2010-e" title="Nobelova nagrada za fiziku">2010-ih</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">2010. <a href="/wiki/Andre_Geim" title="Andre Geim">Andre Geim</a> i <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Novoselov" title="Konstantin Novoselov">Konstantin Novoselov</a>  <b>·</b> 2011. <a href="/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter" title="Saul Perlmutter">Saul Perlmutter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adam_Riess" title="Adam Riess">Adam Riess</a> i <a href="/wiki/Brian_Schmidt" title="Brian Schmidt">Brian Schmidt</a>  <b>·</b> 2012. <a href="/wiki/David_J._Wineland" class="mw-redirect" title="David J. Wineland">David J. Wineland</a> i <a href="/wiki/Serge_Haroche" title="Serge Haroche">Serge Haroche</a>  <b>·</b> 2013. <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">François Englert</a> i <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Peter Higgs</a>  <b>·</b> 2014. <a href="/wiki/Isamu_Akasaki" title="Isamu Akasaki">Isamu Akasaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Amano" title="Hiroshi Amano">Hiroshi Amano</a> i <a href="/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura" title="Shuji Nakamura">Shuji Nakamura</a>  <b>·</b> 2015. <a href="/wiki/Takaaki_Kajita" title="Takaaki Kajita">Takaaki Kajita</a> i <a href="/wiki/Arthur_B._McDonald_(znanstvenik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur B. McDonald (znanstvenik)">Arthur B. McDonald</a>  <b>·</b> 2016. <a href="/wiki/David_J._Thouless" class="mw-redirect" title="David J. Thouless">David J. Thouless</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Haldane" title="Duncan Haldane">Duncan Haldane</a> i <a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Kosterlitz" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Michael Kosterlitz">J. Michael Kosterlitz</a>  <b>·</b> 2017. <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Rainer Weiss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kip_Thorne" class="mw-redirect" title="Kip Thorne">Kip Thorne</a> i <a href="/wiki/Barry_Barish" class="mw-redirect" title="Barry Barish">Barry Barish</a>  <b>·</b> 2018. <a href="/wiki/Artur_Ashkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Artur Ashkin">Artur Ashkin</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gérard Mourou</a> i <a href="/wiki/Donna_Strickland" title="Donna Strickland">Donna Strickland</a>  <b>·</b> 2019. <a href="/wiki/James_Peebles" title="James Peebles">James Peebles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Michel Mayor</a> i <a href="/wiki/Didier_Queloz" title="Didier Queloz">Didier Queloz</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku#2020-e" title="Nobelova nagrada za fiziku">2020-ih</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">2020. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Penrose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger Penrose (stranica ne postoji)">Roger Penrose</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reinhard_Genzel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reinhard Genzel (stranica ne postoji)">Reinhard Genzel</a> i <a href="/wiki/Andrea_M._Ghez" title="Andrea M. Ghez">Andrea Ghez</a>  <b>·</b> 2021. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syukuro_Manabe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syukuro Manabe (stranica ne postoji)">Syukuro Manabe</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klaus_Hasselmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klaus Hasselmann (stranica ne postoji)">Klaus Hasselmann</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giorgio_Parisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giorgio Parisi (stranica ne postoji)">Giorgio Parisi</a>  <b>·</b> 2022. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Aspect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alain Aspect (stranica ne postoji)">Alain Aspect</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Clauser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Clauser (stranica ne postoji)">John Clauser</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anton_Zeilinger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anton Zeilinger (stranica ne postoji)">Anton Zeilinger</a>  <b>·</b> 2023. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Agostini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Agostini (stranica ne postoji)">Pierre Agostini</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferenc_Krausz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferenc Krausz (stranica ne postoji)">Ferenc Krausz</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anne_L%27Huillier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anne L'Huillier (stranica ne postoji)">Anne L'Huillier</a>  • 2024. <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Hopfield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Hopfield (stranica ne postoji)">John Hopfield</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geoffrey_Hinton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geoffrey Hinton (stranica ne postoji)">Geoffrey Hinton</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Dobavljeno iz "<a dir="ltr" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gérard_Mourou&oldid=6249746">https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gérard_Mourou&oldid=6249746</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Francuski_fizi%C4%8Dari" title="Kategorija:Francuski fizičari">Francuski fizičari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Francuski_znanstvenici" title="Kategorija:Francuski znanstvenici">Francuski znanstvenici</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Dobitnici_Nobelove_nagrade_za_fiziku" title="Kategorija:Dobitnici Nobelove nagrade za fiziku">Dobitnici Nobelove nagrade za fiziku</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica posljednji je put uređivana 1. siječnja 2022. u 15:03.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencijom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.hr">Creative Commons: Imenuj autora/Dijeli pod istim uvjetima</a>; mogu se primjenjivati i dodatni uvjeti. 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