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<div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_fr.wikipedia.org&uselang=fr" class=""><span>Faire un don</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Cr%C3%A9er_un_compte&returnto=%DD%A8" title="Nous vous encourageons à créer un compte utilisateur et vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire." class=""><span>Créer un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Connexion&returnto=%DD%A8" title="Nous vous encourageons à vous connecter ; ce n’est 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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Se connecter</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Plus d’options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils personnels" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils personnels</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu utilisateur" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_fr.wikipedia.org&uselang=fr"><span>Faire un don</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Cr%C3%A9er_un_compte&returnto=%DD%A8" title="Nous vous encourageons à créer un compte utilisateur et vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Créer un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Connexion&returnto=%DD%A8" title="Nous vous encourageons à vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Se connecter</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages pour les contributeurs déconnectés <a href="/wiki/Aide:Premiers_pas" aria-label="En savoir plus sur la contribution"><span>en savoir plus</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Mes_contributions" title="Une liste des modifications effectuées depuis cette adresse IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Mes_discussions" title="La page de discussion pour les contributions depuis cette adresse IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sommaire" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sommaire</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Début</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Utilisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utilisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Utilisation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utilisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Bibliographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ݨ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 6 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-6" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">6 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DD%A8" title="ݨ – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ݨ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DD%A8" title="ݨ – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="ݨ" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%91%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="اڑنون – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اڑنون" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%BD_%D1%81_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83" title="Нун с малой та сверху – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нун с малой та сверху" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DD%A8" title="ݨ – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ݨ" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DD%A8" title="ݨ – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ݨ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q18385934#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DD%A8" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussion:%DD%A8" rel="discussion" title="Discussion au sujet de cette page de contenu [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifier la variante de langue" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">français</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Affichages"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DD%A8"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DD%A8&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DD%A8&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DD%A8&action=history" title="Historique des versions de cette page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DD%A8"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DD%A8&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DD%A8&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DD%A8&action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/%DD%A8" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/%DD%A8" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_sp%C3%A9ciales" title="Liste de toutes les pages spéciales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pages spéciales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DD%A8&oldid=207153921" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DD%A8&action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&page=%DD%A8&id=207153921&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25DD%25A8"><span>Obtenir l'URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25DD%25A8"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%DD%A8"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&page=%DD%A8&action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DD%A8&printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q18385934" title="Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-article bandeau-niveau-ebauche"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Oxygen480-categories-applications-office.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Oxygen480-categories-applications-office.svg/35px-Oxygen480-categories-applications-office.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Oxygen480-categories-applications-office.svg/53px-Oxygen480-categories-applications-office.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Oxygen480-categories-applications-office.svg/70px-Oxygen480-categories-applications-office.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p><strong class="bandeau-titre">Cet article est une <a href="/wiki/Aide:%C3%89bauche" title="Aide:Ébauche">ébauche</a> concernant l’<a href="/wiki/%C3%89criture" title="Écriture">écriture</a>.</strong> </p><p>Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (<b><a href="/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">comment ?</a></b>) selon les recommandations des <a href="/wiki/Projet:Accueil" title="Projet:Accueil">projets correspondants</a>. </p> </div></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete defaut" style="background-color:#E1E1E1;color:black;">Nūn petit tāʾ suscrit </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size: 128px; line-height: 168px;">ݨ</span></td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#E1E1E1; color:#000000">Graphies</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Isolée </th> <td><span style="font-size: 150%">ݨ</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Initiale </th> <td><span style="font-size: 150%">ݨ‍</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Médiane </th> <td><span style="font-size: 150%">‍ݨ‍</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Finale </th> <td><span style="font-size: 150%">‍ݨ</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#E1E1E1; color:#000000">Utilisation</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_d%27%C3%A9criture" title="Système d'écriture">Écriture</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_arabe" title="Alphabet arabe">alphabet arabe</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabets</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Saraiki" title="Saraiki">saraiki</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Phon%C3%A8me" title="Phonème">Phonèmes</a> principaux </th> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_%C9%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="API ɳ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ɳ</span></a>] </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #AAAAAA solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%DD%A8&action=edit&section=0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Graph%C3%A8me" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Nūn petit tāʾ suscrit</b> ‹ ݨ › est une <a href="/wiki/Lettre_(alphabet)" title="Lettre (alphabet)">lettre</a> additionnelle de l’<a href="/wiki/Alphabet_arabe" title="Alphabet arabe">alphabet arabe</a> utilisée dans l’écriture du <a href="/wiki/Saraiki" title="Saraiki">saraiki</a>. Elle est composée d’un <a href="/wiki/N%C5%ABn" title="Nūn">nūn</a> ‹ ن › diacrité d’un petit tāʾ suscrit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utilisation">Utilisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DD%A8&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Utilisation" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DD%A8&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Utilisation"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En <a href="/wiki/Saraiki" title="Saraiki">saraiki</a>, ‹ ݨ › représente une <a href="/wiki/Consonne_nasale_r%C3%A9troflexe_vois%C3%A9e" title="Consonne nasale rétroflexe voisée">consonne nasale rétroflexe voisée</a> [<a href="/wiki/API_%C9%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="API ɳ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ɳ</span></a>]. </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/Pendjabi" title="Pendjabi">pendjabi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pendjabi_occidental" title="Pendjabi occidental">pendjabi occidental</a>), le nūn petit tāʾ suscrit est utilisé par certains auteurs à la place du <a href="/wiki/%DA%BB" title="ڻ">ṇūn</a> ‹ ڻ › (utilisé dans l’écriture du <a href="/wiki/Sindhi" title="Sindhi">sindhi</a>) pour représenter une <a href="/wiki/Consonne_nasale_r%C3%A9troflexe_vois%C3%A9e" title="Consonne nasale rétroflexe voisée">consonne nasale rétroflexe voisée</a> [<a href="/wiki/API_%C9%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="API ɳ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ɳ</span></a>]<sup id="cite_ref-Bhardwaj2016_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bhardwaj2016-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DD%A8&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DD%A8&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="AllenConsortium2015"><span class="ouvrage" id="Julie_D._AllenUnicode_Consortium2015"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Julie D. <span class="nom_auteur">Allen</span> (<abbr class="abbr" title="directeur de publication">dir.</abbr>) et Unicode Consortium, <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">« Arabic Extended-A, Range: 08A0–08FF »</cite>, dans <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Unicode Standard, Version 8.0</cite>, <time>2015</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U08A0.pdf">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Unicode+Standard%2C+Version+8.0&rft.atitle=Arabic+Extended-A%2C+Range%3A+08A0%E2%80%9308FF&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Julie+D.&rft.au=Unicode+Consortium&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fcharts%2FPDF%2FU08A0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A%DD%A8"></span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Bhardwaj2016"><span class="ouvrage" id="Mangat_Rai_Bhardwaj2016"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Mangat Rai <span class="nom_auteur">Bhardwaj</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Panjabi: A Comprehensive Grammar</cite>, Routledge, <time>2016</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9781138793866" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9781138793866"><span class="nowrap">9781138793866</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Panjabi%3A+A+Comprehensive+Grammar&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.aulast=Bhardwaj&rft.aufirst=Mangat+Rai&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781138793866&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A%DD%A8"></span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Kew2002"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jonathan_Kew2002"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Jonathan <span class="nom_auteur">Kew</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Proposal for extensions to the Arabic block</cite> (<abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> L2/02-274), <time class="nowrap" datetime="2002-07-16" data-sort-value="2002-07-16">16 juillet 2002</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02274-arabic-ext.pdf">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proposal+for+extensions+to+the+Arabic+block&rft.aulast=Kew&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.date=2002-07-16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A%DD%A8"></span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Prilop"><span class="ouvrage" id="Andreas_Prilop"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Andreas <span class="nom_auteur">Prilop</span>, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unics.uni-hannover.de/nhtcapri/western-panjabi-alphabet.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">The Panjabi alphabet</cite></a> »</span></span></li></ul> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Alphabet_arabe" title="Modèle:Palette Alphabet arabe"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Alphabet_arabe&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_arabe" title="Alphabet arabe">Alphabet arabe</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Lettres</th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:center;;"><div class="liste-horizontale" style="font-size:x-large;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alif" title="Alif"><span class="lang-ar" lang="ar" dir="rtl">ا</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C4%81%CA%BE" title="Bāʾ"><span class="lang-ar" lang="ar" dir="rtl">ب</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C4%81%CA%BE" title="Tāʾ"><span class="lang-ar" lang="ar" dir="rtl">ت</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C4%81%CA%BE" title="Thāʾ"><span class="lang-ar" lang="ar" dir="rtl">ث</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C4%ABm" title="Jīm"><span class="lang-ar" lang="ar" dir="rtl">ج</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%A4%C4%81%CA%BE" title="Ḥāʾ"><span class="lang-ar" lang="ar" dir="rtl">ح</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh%C4%81%CA%BE" title="Khāʾ"><span class="lang-ar" lang="ar" dir="rtl">خ</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81l" title="Dāl"><span class="lang-ar" lang="ar" dir="rtl">د</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dh%C4%81l" title="Dhāl"><span class="lang-ar" lang="ar" dir="rtl">ذ</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81%CA%BE" title="Rāʾ"><span class="lang-ar" lang="ar" dir="rtl">ر</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C4%81y" title="Zāy"><span class="lang-ar" lang="ar" dir="rtl">ز</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%ABn" title="Sīn"><span class="lang-ar" lang="ar" dir="rtl">س</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C4%ABn" title="Shīn"><span class="lang-ar" lang="ar" dir="rtl">ش</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%B9%A2%C4%81d" title="Ṣād"><span class="lang-ar" lang="ar" dir="rtl">ص</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%8C%C4%81d" title="Ḍād"><span class="lang-ar" lang="ar" dir="rtl">ض</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%B9%AC%C4%81%CA%BE" title="Ṭāʾ"><span class="lang-ar" lang="ar" dir="rtl">ط</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%92%C4%81%CA%BE" title="Ẓāʾ"><span class="lang-ar" lang="ar" dir="rtl">ظ</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BFAyn" title="ʿAyn"><span class="lang-ar" lang="ar" dir="rtl">ع</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%A0ayn" title="Ġayn"><span class="lang-ar" lang="ar" dir="rtl">غ</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C4%81%CA%BE" title="Fāʾ"><span class="lang-ar" lang="ar" dir="rtl">ف</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q%C4%81f" title="Qāf"><span class="lang-ar" lang="ar" dir="rtl">ق</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%81f" title="Kāf"><span class="lang-ar" lang="ar" dir="rtl">ك</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C4%81m" title="Lām"><span class="lang-ar" lang="ar" dir="rtl">ل</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%ABm" title="Mīm"><span class="lang-ar" lang="ar" dir="rtl">م</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C5%ABn" title="Nūn"><span class="lang-ar" lang="ar" dir="rtl">ن</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C4%81%CA%BE" title="Hāʾ"><span class="lang-ar" lang="ar" dir="rtl">ه</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C4%81w" title="Wāw"><span class="lang-ar" lang="ar" dir="rtl">و</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C4%81%CA%BE" title="Yāʾ"><span class="lang-ar" lang="ar" dir="rtl">ي</span></a> <ul><li>‎<a href="/wiki/Hamza_(lettre)" title="Hamza (lettre)"><span class="lang-ar" lang="ar" dir="rtl">ء</span></a>‎</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Lettres additionnelles</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:center;;"><div class="liste-horizontale" style="font-size:large;"> <ul><li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="أ">أ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D9%B4%D8%A7" title="ٴا">ٵ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D9%B2" title="ٲ">ٲ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A2" title="آ">آ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%B3" title="ݳ">ݳ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%B4" title="ݴ">ݴ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A2%AD" title="ࢭ">ࢭ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D9%AE" title="ٮ">ٮ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BB" title="ٻ">ٻ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE" title="پ">پ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%A7" title="ݧ">ݔ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%80" title="ڀ">ڀ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%90" title="ݐ">ݐ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%91" title="ݑ">ݑ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%92" title="ݒ">ݒ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%93" title="ݓ">ݓ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%95" title="ݕ">ݕ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A2%A0" title="ࢠ">ࢠ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%96" title="ݖ">ݖ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A2%A1" title="ࢡ">ࢡ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A2%B6" title="ࢶ">ࢶ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A2%BE" title="ࢾ">ࢾ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A2%B7" title="ࢷ">ࢷ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D9%B9" title="ٹ">ٹ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A3%80" title="ࣀ">ࣀ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BA" title="ٺ">ٺ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BC" title="ټ">ټ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BD" title="ٽ">ٽ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BF" title="ٿ">ٿ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A2%B8" title="ࢸ">ࢸ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A2%BF" title="ࢿ">ࢿ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A9" title="ة">ة</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DB%83" title="ۃ">ۃ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%83" title="ڃ">ڃ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%84" title="ڄ">ڄ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%86" title="چ">چ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%BF" title="ڿ">ڿ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A3%81" title="ࣁ">ࣁ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%87" title="ڇ">ڇ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A2%A2" title="ࢢ">ࢢ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81" title="ځ">ځ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%82" title="ڂ">ڂ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%85" title="څ">څ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%97" title="ݗ">ݗ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%98" title="ݘ">ݘ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A3%85" title="ࣅ">ࣅ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A3%86" title="ࣆ">ࣆ</a></span></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%A4%C4%81_petit_v_souscrit" title="Ḥā petit v souscrit"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Hah_with_small_v_below.svg/10px-Hah_with_small_v_below.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Hah_with_small_v_below.svg/15px-Hah_with_small_v_below.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Hah_with_small_v_below.svg/20px-Hah_with_small_v_below.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="85" data-file-height="149" /></a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A2%8A" title="ࢊ">ࢊ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%AE" title="ݮ">ݮ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%AF" title="ݯ">ݯ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%B2" title="ݲ">ݲ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%BC" title="ݼ">ݼ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%88" title="ڈ">ڈ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%89" title="ډ">ډ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%8A" title="ڊ">ڊ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%8B" title="ڋ">ڋ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%8C" title="ڌ">ڌ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%8D" title="ڍ">ڍ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A2%AE" title="ࢮ">ࢮ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%8E" title="ڎ">ڎ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%8F" title="ڏ">ڏ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%90" title="ڐ">ڐ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DB%AE" title="ۮ">ۮ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81l_deux_points_verticaux_souscrits" title="Dāl deux points verticaux souscrits"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Dal_with_two_dots_vertically_below.svg/8px-Dal_with_two_dots_vertically_below.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Dal_with_two_dots_vertically_below.svg/12px-Dal_with_two_dots_vertically_below.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Dal_with_two_dots_vertically_below.svg/16px-Dal_with_two_dots_vertically_below.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="18" data-file-height="40" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%99" title="ݙ">ݙ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%9A" title="ݚ">ݚ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%91" title="ڑ">ڑ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%92" title="ڒ">ڒ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%93" title="ړ">ړ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%94" title="ڔ">ڔ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%95" title="ڕ">ڕ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%96" title="ږ">ږ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%97" title="ڗ">ڗ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A2%B9" title="ࢹ">ࢹ</a></span></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81%CA%BE_deux_points_souscrits" title="Rāʾ deux points souscrits"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Reh_with_two_dots_below.svg/8px-Reh_with_two_dots_below.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Reh_with_two_dots_below.svg/12px-Reh_with_two_dots_below.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Reh_with_two_dots_below.svg/16px-Reh_with_two_dots_below.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="202" data-file-height="648" /></a></span></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81%CA%BE_trois_points_souscrits" title="Rāʾ trois points souscrits"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Reh_with_three_dots_below.svg/8px-Reh_with_three_dots_below.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Reh_with_three_dots_below.svg/12px-Reh_with_three_dots_below.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Reh_with_three_dots_below.svg/16px-Reh_with_three_dots_below.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="202" data-file-height="648" /></a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%98" title="ژ">ژ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%99" title="ڙ">ڙ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DB%AF" title="ۯ">ۯ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%9B" title="ݛ">ݛ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%AB" title="ݫ">ݫ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%AC" title="ݬ">ݬ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%B1" title="ݱ">ݱ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A2%AA" title="ࢪ">ࢪ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A2%B2" title="ࢲ">ࢲ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%9A" title="ښ">ښ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%9B" title="ڛ">ڛ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%9C" title="ڜ">ڜ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DB%BA" title="ۺ">ۺ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%9C" title="ݜ">ݜ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%AD" title="ݭ">ݭ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%B0" title="ݰ">ݰ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%BD" title="ݽ">ݽ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%BE" title="ݾ">ݾ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%9D" title="ڝ">ڝ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A2%AF" title="ࢯ">ࢯ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%9E" title="ڞ">ڞ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DB%BB" title="ۻ">ۻ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%9F" title="ڟ">ڟ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A2%A3" title="ࢣ">ࢣ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B9%AC%C4%81%CA%BE_deux_points_verticaux_souscrits" title="Ṭāʾ deux points verticaux souscrits"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Tah_with_two_dots_below.svg/12px-Tah_with_two_dots_below.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Tah_with_two_dots_below.svg/18px-Tah_with_two_dots_below.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Tah_with_two_dots_below.svg/24px-Tah_with_two_dots_below.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="29" data-file-height="42" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A2%8B" title="ࢋ">ࢋ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A2%8C" title="ࢌ">ࢌ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%A0" title="ڠ">ڠ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A2%B3" title="ࢳ">ࢳ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DB%BC" title="ۼ">ۼ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%9D" title="ݝ">ݝ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%9F" title="ݟ">ݟ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%9E" title="ݞ">ݞ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A3%83" title="ࣃ">ࣃ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%A1" title="ڡ">ڡ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%A2" title="ڢ">ڢ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%A3" title="ڣ">ڣ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%A4" title="ڤ">ڤ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A2%A4" title="ࢤ">ࢤ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%A5" title="ڥ">ڥ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%A6" title="ڦ">ڦ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%A0" title="ݠ">ݠ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%A1" title="ݡ">ݡ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A2%BB" title="ࢻ">ࢻ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D9%AF" title="ٯ">ٯ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%A7" title="ڧ">ڧ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%A8" title="ڨ">ڨ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A2%A5" title="ࢥ">ࢥ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A2%BC" title="ࢼ">ࢼ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A3%84" title="ࣄ">ࣄ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/K%C4%81f" title="Kāf">ک</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%AA" title="ڪ">ڪ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%AB" title="ګ">ګ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%AC" title="ڬ">ڬ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A2%B4" title="ࢴ">ࢴ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%BF" title="ݿ">ݿ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/K%C4%81f_deux_points_verticaux_souscrits" title="Kāf deux points verticaux souscrits"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Kaf_with_two_dots_vertically_below.svg/14px-Kaf_with_two_dots_vertically_below.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Kaf_with_two_dots_vertically_below.svg/21px-Kaf_with_two_dots_vertically_below.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Kaf_with_two_dots_vertically_below.svg/28px-Kaf_with_two_dots_vertically_below.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="33" data-file-height="40" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%AD" title="ڭ">ڭ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%AE" title="ڮ">ڮ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%AF" title="گ">گ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A2%B0" title="ࢰ">ࢰ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%B0" title="ڰ">ڰ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%B1" title="ڱ">ڱ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%B2" title="ڲ">ڲ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%B3" title="ڳ">ڳ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%B4" title="ڴ">ڴ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%AC" title="ڬ">ݢ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%BF" title="ݿ">ػ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A2%8D" title="ࢍ">ࢍ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%AE" title="ڮ">ؼ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%AD" title="ڭ">ݣ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%A4" title="ݤ">ݤ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A3%82" title="ࣂ">ࣂ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%B5" title="ڵ">ڵ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%B6" title="ڶ">ڶ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%B7" title="ڷ">ڷ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%B8" title="ڸ">ڸ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A3%87" title="ࣇ">ࣇ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%AA" title="ݪ">ݪ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A2%A6" title="ࢦ">ࢦ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%A5" title="ݥ">ݥ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%A6" title="ݦ">ݦ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A2%A7" title="ࢧ">ࢧ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%BA" title="ں">ں</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%BB" title="ڻ">ڻ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%BC" title="ڼ">ڼ</a></span></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/N%C5%ABn_deux_points_verticaux_suscrits" title="Nūn deux points verticaux suscrits"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Noon_with_two_dots_above.svg/12px-Noon_with_two_dots_above.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Noon_with_two_dots_above.svg/18px-Noon_with_two_dots_above.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Noon_with_two_dots_above.svg/24px-Noon_with_two_dots_above.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="99" data-file-height="149" /></a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%BD" title="ڽ">ڽ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%B9" title="ڹ">ڹ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%A7" title="ݧ">ݧ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A2%89" title="ࢉ">ࢉ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ݨ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%A9" title="ݩ">ݩ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A2%BD" title="ࢽ">ࢽ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DA%BE" title="ھ">ھ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DB%81" title="ہ">ہ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DB%BF" title="ۿ">ۿ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D9%B6" title="ٶ">ٶ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DB%84" title="ۄ">ۄ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DB%85" title="ۅ">ۅ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DB%86" title="ۆ">ۆ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DB%87" title="ۇ">ۇ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D9%B7" title="ٷ">ٷ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DB%88" title="ۈ">ۈ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%93" title="وٓ">وٓ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DB%89" title="ۉ">ۉ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DB%8A" title="ۊ">ۊ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DB%8B" title="ۋ">ۋ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A2%B1" title="ࢱ">ࢱ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DB%8F" title="ۏ">ۏ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%B8" title="ݸ">ݸ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%B9" title="ݹ">ݹ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A2%AB" title="ࢫ">ࢫ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D9%89" title="ى">ى</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/Hamza_(lettre)" title="Hamza (lettre)">ئ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D9%B8" title="ٸ">ٸ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DB%8C" title="ی">ی</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DB%8D" title="ۍ">ۍ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DB%8E" title="ێ">ێ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DB%90" title="ې">ې</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A2%A8" title="ࢨ">ࢨ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A2%A9" title="ࢩ">ࢩ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DB%91" title="ۑ">ۑ</a></span></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Y%C4%81%CA%BE_quatre_points_souscrits" title="Yāʾ quatre points souscrits"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Yeh_with_four_dots_below.svg/14px-Yeh_with_four_dots_below.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Yeh_with_four_dots_below.svg/21px-Yeh_with_four_dots_below.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Yeh_with_four_dots_below.svg/28px-Yeh_with_four_dots_below.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="648" /></a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%BD" title="ؽ">ؽ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%BE" title="ؾ">ؾ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%BF" title="ؿ">ؿ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A0" title="ؠ">ؠ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%B5" title="ݵ">ݵ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%B6" title="ݶ">ݶ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%B7" title="ݷ">ݷ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A2%BA" title="ࢺ">ࢺ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DB%92" title="ے">ے</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%BA" title="ݺ">ݺ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DD%BB" title="ݻ">ݻ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A2%AC" title="ࢬ">ࢬ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DB%95" title="ە">ە</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%DB%80" title="ۀ">ۀ</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-und-arab" lang="und-arab" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/Hamza_%C3%A9lev%C3%A9e" title="Hamza élevée"> ٴ</a></span></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Diacritiques_de_l%27alphabet_arabe" title="Diacritiques de l'alphabet arabe">Diacritiques</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:center;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="/wiki/Fat%E1%B8%A5a" title="Fatḥa">ـَـ</a></span> (fatḥa)</li> <li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="/wiki/Kasra" title="Kasra">ـِـ</a></span> (kasra)</li> <li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%8Camma" title="Ḍamma">ـُـ</a></span> (ḍamma)</li> <li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="/wiki/Fat%E1%B8%A5atan" title="Fatḥatan">ــً</a></span> (fatḥatan)</li> <li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%8Cammatan" title="Ḍammatan">ــٌ</a></span> (ḍammatan)</li> <li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="/wiki/Kasratan" title="Kasratan">ــٍ</a></span> (kasratan)</li> <li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="/wiki/Suk%C5%ABn" class="mw-redirect" title="Sukūn">ـْـ</a></span> (sukūn)</li> <li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0adda" class="mw-redirect" title="Šadda">ـّـ</a></span> (šadda)</li> <li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A2" title="آ">ـٓـ</a></span> (madda)</li> <li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="/wiki/Alif_suscrit" title="Alif suscrit">ــٰ</a></span> (alif suscrit)</li> <li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="/wiki/Alif_souscrit" title="Alif souscrit">ـٖـ</a></span> (alif souscrit)</li> <li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%8Camma_culbut%C3%A9" title="Ḍamma culbuté">ـٗـ</a></span> (ḍamma culbuté)</li> <li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="/wiki/Hamza_(lettre)" title="Hamza (lettre)">ـٔــٕـ</a></span> (hamza suscrite ou souscrite)</li> <li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="/wiki/%DA%BA" title="ں">ـ٘ـ</a></span> (nūn ghunna)</li> <li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="/wiki/N%C5%ABn_ghunna_couch%C3%A9" title="Nūn ghunna couché">ـــࣿ</a></span> (nūn ghunna couché)</li> <li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zwarakay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zwarakay (page inexistante)">ـٙـ</a></span> (zwarakay)</li> <li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="/wiki/Petit_v_suscrit" title="Petit v suscrit">ـٚـ</a></span> (petit v suscrit)</li> <li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="/wiki/Petit_v_culbut%C3%A9_suscrit" title="Petit v culbuté suscrit">ـٛـ</a></span> (petit v culbuté suscrit)</li> <li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B8%8Camma_r%C3%A9fl%C3%A9chi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ḍamma réfléchi (page inexistante)">ـٝـ</a></span> (ḍamma réfléchi)</li> <li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fat%E1%B8%A5a_%C3%A0_deux_points&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fatḥa à deux points (page inexistante)">ـٞـ</a></span> (fatḥa à deux points)</li> <li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamza_ond%C3%A9e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamza ondée (page inexistante)">ـٟـ</a></span> (hamza ondée)</li> <li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fat%E1%B8%A5a_recourb%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fatḥa recourbé (page inexistante)">ـࣤـ</a></span> (fatḥa recourbé)</li> <li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasra_recourb%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasra recourbé (page inexistante)">ـࣦـ</a></span> (kasra recourbé)</li> <li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B8%8Camma_recourb%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ḍamma recourbé (page inexistante)">ـࣥـ</a></span> (ḍamma recourbé)</li> <li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fat%E1%B8%A5atan_recourb%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fatḥatan recourbé (page inexistante)">ـࣧـ</a></span> (fatḥatan recourbé)</li> <li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasratan_recourb%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasratan recourbé (page inexistante)">ـࣩـ</a></span> (kasratan recourbé)</li> <li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B8%8Cammatan_recourb%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ḍammatan recourbé (page inexistante)">ـࣨـ</a></span> (ḍammatan recourbé)</li> <li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%8Camma_culbut%C3%A9_souscrit" title="Ḍamma culbuté souscrit">ـࣣـ</a></span> (ḍamma culbuté souscrit)</li> <li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fat%E1%B8%A5atan_ouvert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fatḥatan ouvert (page inexistante)">ـࣰـ</a></span> (fatḥatan ouvert)</li> <li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasratan_ouvert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasratan ouvert (page inexistante)">ـࣲـ</a></span> (kasratan ouvert)</li> <li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B8%8Cammatan_ouvert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ḍammatan ouvert (page inexistante)">ـࣱـ</a></span> (ḍammatan ouvert)</li> <li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_contour_arabe_suscrit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Point contour arabe suscrit (page inexistante)">ـ۫ـ</a></span> (point contour arabe suscrit)</li> <li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_contour_arabe_souscrit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Point contour arabe souscrit (page inexistante)">ـ۪ـ</a></span> (point contour arabe souscrit)</li> <li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_plein_arabe_suscrit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Point plein arabe suscrit (page inexistante)">ـ۬ـ</a></span> (point plein arabe suscrit)</li> <li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_plein_arabe_souscrit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Point plein arabe souscrit (page inexistante)">ـٜـ</a></span> (point plein arabe souscrit)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Adaptations_de_l%27alphabet_arabe" title="Adaptations de l'alphabet arabe">Adaptations</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:center;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_perso-arabe" title="Alphabet perso-arabe">Perso-arabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_turc_ottoman" title="Alphabet turc ottoman">Turc ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elifba" title="Elifba">Elifba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_arabe_berb%C3%A8re" title="Alphabet arabe berbère">Berbère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_%C4%B0ske_iml%C3%A2" title="Alphabet İske imlâ">İske imlâ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89criture_ou%C3%AFghoure_arabis%C3%A9e" title="Écriture ouïghoure arabisée">Ouïghour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiao%27erjing" title="Xiao'erjing">Xiao'erjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawi" title="Jawi">Jawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawi_cham" title="Jawi cham">Jawi cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegon_(%C3%A9criture)" title="Pegon (écriture)">Pegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buri_wolio" title="Buri wolio">Buri wolio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adjami" title="Adjami">Adjami</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_arabe_somali" title="Alphabet arabe somali">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_arabe_swahili" title="Alphabet arabe swahili">Swahili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolofal" title="Wolofal">Wolofal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_arabe_yoruba" title="Alphabet arabe yoruba">Yoruba</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Autres articles</th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:center;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Histoire_de_l%27alphabet_arabe" title="Histoire de l'alphabet arabe">Histoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diacritiques_de_l%27alphabet_arabe" title="Diacritiques de l'alphabet arabe">Diacritiques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonologie_de_l%27arabe" title="Phonologie de l'arabe">Phonologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamza_(lettre)" title="Hamza (lettre)">Hamza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiffres_arabes" title="Chiffres arabes">Chiffres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Num%C3%A9ration_abjad" title="Numération abjad">Numération</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligatures_arabes" title="Ligatures arabes">Ligatures</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:%C3%89criture" title="Portail de l’écriture"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Icon_flat_style_plume_03.svg/24px-Icon_flat_style_plume_03.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Icon_flat_style_plume_03.svg/36px-Icon_flat_style_plume_03.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Icon_flat_style_plume_03.svg/48px-Icon_flat_style_plume_03.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:%C3%89criture" title="Portail:Écriture">Portail de l’écriture</a></span> </span></li> </ul> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Bhardwaj2016-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Bhardwaj2016_1-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Bhardwaj2016">Bhardwaj 2016</a>. </span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ݨ&oldid=207153921">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ݨ&oldid=207153921</a> ».</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Accueil" title="Catégorie:Accueil">Catégorie</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Lettre_arabe_additionnelle" 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