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I’m willing to wager that all three of those iconic characters would be among the most popular contenders if th…" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2021-11-30T15:00:00+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2021-10-24T19:02:36+00:00" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Locus Online" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://locusmag.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Fonda-Lee-author-photo-credit-Elena-Rose-photography-scaled.jpeg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1707" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="2560" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@locusmag" /> <meta name="twitter:text:title" content="Fonda Lee Guest Post–“We Can’t All Be Optimus Prime: Portraying Organizational Leadership in Fiction”" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://locusmag.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Fonda-Lee-author-photo-credit-Elena-Rose-photography-scaled.jpeg?w=640" /> <meta 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Jean-Luc Picard? Captain America? </p> <p>I’m willing to wager that all three of those iconic characters would be among the most popular contenders if the question were asked in a general poll, and for understandable reasons. When I was ten years old, sitting in front of a television set on a Saturday morning, Peter Cullen’s voice as Optimus Prime ordering, “Autobots, roll out!” made me vibrate with the desire to transform myself into a Honda Civic and <em>roll the hell out </em>for Optimus. And Captain Picard set the standard for an entire generation of science fiction fans by portraying a starship captain who epitomizes diplomacy, dignity, decisiveness, intelligence, and integrity (not to mention the good sense to <em>not</em> shag every single alien babe that the <em>Enterprise</em> encounters in its adventures). </p> <p>Many memorable fictional leaders, especially in speculative fiction, play well on screen. They have presence. They’re extremely good at giving motivational speeches. They’re courageous, wise, inspirational, and can often handle themselves in a fight, charging into battle ahead of their loyal followers. The vast majority of us have never worked under a boss who reminds us of say, Steve Rogers, and most of us, even if we were given years of management training and coaching, can never approach emulating the leadership styles we most admire in SF/F novels and movies. </p> <p>I have perhaps a slightly different approach to depicting leadership in fiction. Graduating with an MBA from Stanford University and spending a decade in business, first as a management consultant and then as a corporate strategist, I went through a <em>lot</em> of classes on organizational leadership and leadership training. I’ve managed people and teams (this is not to say I was especially good at it; I quit that career to sit by myself and write fantasy novels all day, so take that for what you will). I’ve worked under a lot of highly accomplished business leaders. I’ve reported directly to VPs and sat in boardrooms with CEOs of Fortune 500 companies, preparing them for investor meetings. The one overriding observation from those experiences that I’ve applied to the stories I now write—regardless of the fact that they take place in secondary worlds with magic, or far futures with advanced tech—is that there is no one best way to lead. There are many styles of leadership, and most of them are not inherently good or bad. (Well, maybe Darth Vader’s Force-choking of subordinates is bad.) Different approaches have benefits and drawbacks and may be more or less effective in different circumstances and organizations. </p> <p><img loading="lazy" class="size-medium wp-image-126832 alignright" src="https://locusmag.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/91lCj0-80tL-201x300.jpeg" alt="" width="201" height="300" srcset="https://locusmag.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/91lCj0-80tL-201x300.jpeg 201w, https://locusmag.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/91lCj0-80tL-686x1024.jpeg 686w, https://locusmag.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/91lCj0-80tL-768x1146.jpeg 768w, https://locusmag.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/91lCj0-80tL-1029x1536.jpeg 1029w, https://locusmag.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/91lCj0-80tL-1372x2048.jpeg 1372w, https://locusmag.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/91lCj0-80tL-200x300.jpeg 200w, https://locusmag.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/91lCj0-80tL-60x90.jpeg 60w, https://locusmag.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/91lCj0-80tL.jpeg 1715w" sizes="(max-width: 201px) 100vw, 201px" />The Green Bone Saga, my epic fantasy trilogy that began with <strong>Jade City</strong>, continued in <strong>Jade War</strong> and concludes this November with <strong>Jade Legacy</strong>, is chock full of characters in positions of leadership. The Green Bone warriors who wear and wield magical jade are the highest status members of their society, and the protagonists of the story, the Kaul family, are the leaders of one of the largest Green Bone clans in the island nation of Kekon. They are responsible for running an organization with tens of thousands of people, from street enforcers to international lawyers, and they deal with numerous stakeholders—businesses that pay them patronage, tributary entities, politicians in the government, and foreign officials, to name a few. </p> <p>I’ve spent years describing the series to potential readers as a story about family, honor, clan warfare, tradition versus modernity, and badass wuxia-style magic-fueled knife fights. </p> <p>It’s also a story about leadership and organizational change. </p> <p>Every single one of the main characters becomes a leader in their own way—some are thrust into the role suddenly, others seize it willingly and with force, others grow into it slowly. They <em>all</em> struggle with the same challenges that I’ve studied in school, observed managers dealing with, and experienced myself—balancing competing interests, exerting influence, delegating, motivating others, disciplining those who fail the team, becoming confident in their own abilities and playing to their strengths, and leaning on trusted allies to mitigate their weaknesses. </p> <p>Since the trilogy spans nearly thirty years, different characters occupy the same role, and each does so in their own way. In the clan hierarchy, the Horn is the top military leader in the clan, a fearsome warrior expected to carry a whole lot of jade. It would easy to write the character of the Horn using the blunt stereotypes we already have for men in violent professions, or by leaning on fictional depictions of mob enforcers: tough guys, emotionally stunted muscle men who aren’t terribly bright but who can be trusted to get the job done when there are skulls to be cracked. </p> <p>What’s far more interesting to me, however, is writing different characters (each of whom, to be clear, meets the necessary job requirements of skill in skull-cracking) bringing their own personal stamp to the role and succeeding in their own way. The first Horn we meet in <strong>Jade City</strong>, Kaul Hilo, is a natural people person, someone who cultivates relationships with street charisma. The next man who takes on the role, Maik Kehn, is a man of few words, a stoic commander who’s tough but fair. His successor, Juen Nu, is an operational mastermind who sets about improving his organization’s capabilities, distributing responsibility, and making the clan far more nimble and efficient. And the fourth Horn in the series (who I won’t name so as not to spoil the final book) is a pragmatic, reliable insider who leads by hardworking example. </p> <p>When I was in business school, I recall there being quite a bit of discussion about supposed differences between the leadership styles of male versus female executives, as well as how male and female leaders are viewed differently by subordinates and peers. Men, some management scholars claimed, are more authoritative, hierarchical leaders who focus on goals and tasks, while women managers, they said, tended to be relational leaders who prioritized people and team cohesiveness. Others challenged these theories. Was this really an innate difference between men and women, or was it that women with authoritative styles were viewed negatively, and so female managers learned to lead in “softer” and more diplomatic ways in order to succeed? </p> <p>Whatever the truth, the fascinating intersection between gender and organization leadership influenced one of the biggest character decisions I made early on in the series. The leader of the Mountain clan, Ayt Mada, is a farsighted strategist who employs a classic command-and-control style of leadership, one that moves the entire organization toward her vision, akin to the <a href="https://valiantceo.com/why-steve-jobs-leadership-style-worked-for-him-and-will-work-for-your-company-too/">autocratic style with which Steve Jobs ran Apple</a> for decades as he built it into one of the biggest and most recognizable brands in the world. Her rival, Kaul Hilo, in contrast, is an emotionally oriented leader who prioritizes connection and friendship with the many individuals who follow him out of personal loyalty. He leans heavily on the advice of his inner circle, including his sister and wife. George H.W. Bush was said to have a similarly <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/johncoleman/2018/04/16/the-power-of-relational-leadership/?sh=fd2e9f7369da">relational style of leadership</a>. </p> <p>In a fantasy series filled with assassinations and backroom dealings, honor duels and sudden deaths, I gave the woman the more accepted “male” leadership style and the man the supposedly more “female” leadership style. I wanted to create a cast of characters that invited contrast and comparison, that showcased both male and female leaders employing a range of approaches to wielding power and exerting influence. I wanted to show people who weren’t “born leaders” being unprepared for their roles but nevertheless growing into their jobs. I wanted to demonstrate that even good leaders can be undone by circumstances outside of their control, and that often the success of a group depends on having the right leader at the right time, someone capable of steering an organization through specific challenges and adapting to inevitable forces of change. </p> <p>I wanted my characters to feel like people I could’ve studied in business school. </p> <p>Here’s my suggestion to writers: The next time you’re about to write a starship captain, an army commander, a chosen hero, or anyone else who must shoulder leadership, don’t ask, “How do I write a leader?” Instead, create a fully realized character, someone with their own temperament, outlook, strengths, and blind spots, and then ask, “What kind of leader can they learn to be?” </p>  <hr class="wp-block-separator" />  <div class="wp-block-image"><img loading="lazy" class="alignleft wp-image-126829 size-medium" src="https://locusmag.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Fonda-Lee-author-photo-credit-Elena-Rose-photography-200x300.jpeg" alt="" width="200" height="300" srcset="https://locusmag.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Fonda-Lee-author-photo-credit-Elena-Rose-photography-200x300.jpeg 200w, https://locusmag.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Fonda-Lee-author-photo-credit-Elena-Rose-photography-683x1024.jpeg 683w, https://locusmag.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Fonda-Lee-author-photo-credit-Elena-Rose-photography-768x1152.jpeg 768w, https://locusmag.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Fonda-Lee-author-photo-credit-Elena-Rose-photography-1024x1536.jpeg 1024w, https://locusmag.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Fonda-Lee-author-photo-credit-Elena-Rose-photography-1365x2048.jpeg 1365w, https://locusmag.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Fonda-Lee-author-photo-credit-Elena-Rose-photography-60x90.jpeg 60w, https://locusmag.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Fonda-Lee-author-photo-credit-Elena-Rose-photography-scaled.jpeg 1707w" sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px" /></div> <p><em>Fonda Lee is the World Fantasy Award-winning author of <strong>Jade City</strong> and the award-winning YA science fiction novels <strong>Zeroboxer</strong>, <strong>Exo</strong>, and <strong>Cross Fire</strong>. Born and raised in Canada, Lee is a black belt martial artist, a former corporate strategist, and an action movie aficionado who now lives in Portland, Oregon with her family.</em></p><div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon sd-sharing"><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-facebook"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-facebook-126828" class="share-facebook sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://locusmag.com/2021/11/fonda-lee-guest-post-we-cant-all-be-optimus-prime-portraying-organizational-leadership-in-fiction/?share=facebook" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Facebook"><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-twitter"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-twitter-126828" class="share-twitter sd-button share-icon no-text" 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value='https://locusmag.com/2016/02/'> February 2016  (53)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2016/01/'> January 2016  (53)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2015/12/'> December 2015  (46)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2015/11/'> November 2015  (55)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2015/10/'> October 2015  (49)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2015/09/'> September 2015  (48)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2015/08/'> August 2015  (54)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2015/07/'> July 2015  (53)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2015/06/'> June 2015  (56)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2015/05/'> May 2015  (56)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2015/04/'> April 2015  (61)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2015/03/'> March 2015  (56)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2015/02/'> February 2015  (53)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2015/01/'> January 2015  (58)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2014/12/'> December 2014  (50)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2014/11/'> November 2014  (53)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2014/10/'> October 2014  (59)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2014/09/'> September 2014  (57)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2014/08/'> August 2014  (54)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2014/07/'> July 2014  (64)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2014/06/'> June 2014  (66)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2014/05/'> May 2014  (60)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2014/04/'> April 2014  (60)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2014/03/'> March 2014  (62)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2014/02/'> February 2014  (60)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2014/01/'> January 2014  (54)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2013/12/'> December 2013  (53)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2013/11/'> November 2013  (51)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2013/10/'> October 2013  (52)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2013/09/'> September 2013  (60)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2013/08/'> August 2013  (56)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2013/07/'> July 2013  (59)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2013/06/'> June 2013  (60)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2013/05/'> May 2013  (61)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2013/04/'> April 2013  (73)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2013/03/'> March 2013  (58)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2013/02/'> February 2013  (50)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2013/01/'> January 2013  (58)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2012/12/'> December 2012  (50)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2012/11/'> November 2012  (54)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2012/10/'> October 2012  (59)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2012/09/'> September 2012  (54)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2012/08/'> August 2012  (61)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2012/07/'> July 2012  (74)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2012/06/'> June 2012  (63)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2012/05/'> May 2012  (68)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2012/04/'> April 2012  (64)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2012/03/'> March 2012  (65)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2012/02/'> February 2012  (53)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2012/01/'> January 2012  (61)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2011/12/'> December 2011  (61)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2011/11/'> November 2011  (61)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2011/10/'> October 2011  (58)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2011/09/'> September 2011  (62)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2011/08/'> August 2011  (70)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2011/07/'> July 2011  (40)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2011/06/'> June 2011  (39)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2011/05/'> May 2011  (56)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2011/04/'> April 2011  (36)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2011/03/'> March 2011  (42)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2011/02/'> February 2011  (42)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2011/01/'> January 2011  (45)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2010/12/'> December 2010  (30)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2010/11/'> November 2010  (28)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2010/10/'> October 2010  (36)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2010/09/'> September 2010  (48)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2010/08/'> August 2010  (26)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2010/07/'> July 2010  (32)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2010/06/'> June 2010  (30)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2010/05/'> May 2010  (27)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2010/04/'> April 2010  (22)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2010/03/'> March 2010  (24)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2010/02/'> February 2010  (26)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2010/01/'> January 2010  (23)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2009/12/'> December 2009  (24)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2009/11/'> November 2009  (24)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2009/10/'> October 2009  (20)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2009/09/'> September 2009  (25)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2009/08/'> August 2009  (29)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2009/07/'> July 2009  (15)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2009/06/'> June 2009  (18)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2009/05/'> May 2009  (15)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2009/04/'> April 2009  (30)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2009/03/'> March 2009  (31)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2009/02/'> February 2009  (43)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2009/01/'> January 2009  (27)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2008/12/'> December 2008  (2)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2007/12/'> December 2007  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2006/12/'> December 2006  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2005/12/'> December 2005  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2004/12/'> December 2004  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2003/12/'> December 2003  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2002/12/'> December 2002  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2001/12/'> December 2001  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2000/12/'> December 2000  (2)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2000/11/'> November 2000  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2000/10/'> October 2000  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2000/09/'> September 2000  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2000/08/'> August 2000  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2000/07/'> July 2000  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2000/06/'> June 2000  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2000/05/'> May 2000  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2000/04/'> April 2000  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2000/03/'> March 2000  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2000/02/'> February 2000  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/2000/01/'> January 2000  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1999/12/'> December 1999  (2)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1999/11/'> November 1999  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1999/10/'> October 1999  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1999/09/'> September 1999  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1999/08/'> August 1999  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1999/07/'> July 1999  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1999/06/'> June 1999  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1999/05/'> May 1999  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1999/04/'> April 1999  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1999/03/'> March 1999  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1999/02/'> February 1999  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1999/01/'> January 1999  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1998/12/'> December 1998  (2)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1998/11/'> November 1998  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1998/10/'> October 1998  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1998/09/'> September 1998  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1998/08/'> August 1998  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1998/07/'> July 1998  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1998/06/'> June 1998  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1998/05/'> May 1998  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1998/04/'> April 1998  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1998/03/'> March 1998  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1998/02/'> February 1998  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1998/01/'> January 1998  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1997/12/'> December 1997  (2)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1997/11/'> November 1997  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1997/10/'> October 1997  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1997/09/'> September 1997  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1997/08/'> August 1997  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1997/07/'> July 1997  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1997/06/'> June 1997  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1997/05/'> May 1997  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1997/04/'> April 1997  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1997/03/'> March 1997  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1997/02/'> February 1997  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1997/01/'> January 1997  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1996/12/'> December 1996  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1996/11/'> November 1996  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1996/10/'> October 1996  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1996/09/'> September 1996  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1996/08/'> August 1996  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1996/07/'> July 1996  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1996/06/'> June 1996  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1996/05/'> May 1996  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1996/04/'> April 1996  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1996/03/'> March 1996  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1996/02/'> February 1996  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1996/01/'> January 1996  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1995/12/'> December 1995  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1995/11/'> November 1995  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1995/10/'> October 1995  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1995/09/'> September 1995  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1995/08/'> August 1995  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1995/07/'> July 1995  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1995/06/'> June 1995  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1995/05/'> May 1995  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1995/04/'> April 1995  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1995/03/'> March 1995  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1995/02/'> February 1995  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1995/01/'> January 1995  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1994/12/'> December 1994  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1994/11/'> November 1994  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1994/10/'> October 1994  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1994/09/'> September 1994  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1994/08/'> August 1994  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1994/07/'> July 1994  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1994/06/'> June 1994  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1994/05/'> May 1994  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1994/04/'> April 1994  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1994/03/'> March 1994  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1994/02/'> February 1994  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1994/01/'> January 1994  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1993/12/'> December 1993  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1993/11/'> November 1993  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1993/10/'> October 1993  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1993/09/'> September 1993  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1993/08/'> August 1993  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1993/07/'> July 1993  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1993/06/'> June 1993  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1993/05/'> May 1993  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1993/04/'> April 1993  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1993/03/'> March 1993  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1993/02/'> February 1993  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1993/01/'> January 1993  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1992/12/'> December 1992  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1992/11/'> November 1992  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1992/10/'> October 1992  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1992/09/'> September 1992  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1992/08/'> August 1992  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1992/07/'> July 1992  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1992/06/'> June 1992  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1992/05/'> May 1992  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1992/04/'> April 1992  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1992/03/'> March 1992  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1992/02/'> February 1992  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1992/01/'> January 1992  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1991/12/'> December 1991  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1991/11/'> November 1991  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1991/10/'> October 1991  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1991/09/'> September 1991  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1991/08/'> August 1991  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1991/07/'> July 1991  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1991/06/'> June 1991  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1991/05/'> May 1991  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1991/04/'> April 1991  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1991/03/'> March 1991  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1991/02/'> February 1991  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1991/01/'> January 1991  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1990/12/'> December 1990  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1990/11/'> November 1990  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1990/10/'> October 1990  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1990/09/'> September 1990  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1990/08/'> August 1990  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1990/07/'> July 1990  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1990/06/'> June 1990  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1990/05/'> May 1990  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1990/04/'> April 1990  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1990/03/'> March 1990  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1990/02/'> February 1990  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1990/01/'> January 1990  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1989/12/'> December 1989  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1989/11/'> November 1989  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1989/10/'> October 1989  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1989/09/'> September 1989  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1989/08/'> August 1989  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1989/07/'> July 1989  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1989/06/'> June 1989  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1989/05/'> May 1989  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1989/04/'> April 1989  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1989/03/'> March 1989  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1989/02/'> February 1989  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1989/01/'> January 1989  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1988/12/'> December 1988  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1988/11/'> November 1988  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1988/10/'> October 1988  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1988/09/'> September 1988  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1988/08/'> August 1988  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1988/07/'> July 1988  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1988/06/'> June 1988  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1988/05/'> May 1988  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1988/04/'> April 1988  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1988/03/'> March 1988  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1988/02/'> February 1988  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1988/01/'> January 1988  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1987/12/'> December 1987  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1987/11/'> November 1987  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1987/10/'> October 1987  (1)</option> <option value='https://locusmag.com/1987/09/'> September 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