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Indiana Dunes National Park - Wikipedia
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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Preserving_the_dunes_and_National_Lakeshore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preserving_the_dunes_and_National_Lakeshore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Preserving the dunes and National Lakeshore</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preserving_the_dunes_and_National_Lakeshore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Redesignation_as_National_Park" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Redesignation_as_National_Park"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Redesignation as National Park</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Redesignation_as_National_Park-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora_and_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora_and_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Flora and fauna</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Flora and fauna subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rare,_threatened,_and_endangered_species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rare,_threatened,_and_endangered_species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Rare, threatened, and endangered species</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rare,_threatened,_and_endangered_species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Species_count" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Species_count"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Species count</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Species_count-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wildlife" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wildlife"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Wildlife</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wildlife-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flowering_plants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flowering_plants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Flowering plants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flowering_plants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Invasive_plants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Invasive_plants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Invasive plants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Invasive_plants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unusual_sightings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unusual_sightings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Unusual sightings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unusual_sightings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extirpated_species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extirpated_species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Extirpated species</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extirpated_species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exotic_and_invasive_species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exotic_and_invasive_species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>Exotic and invasive species</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exotic_and_invasive_species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-BioBlitz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BioBlitz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.9</span> <span>BioBlitz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BioBlitz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Natural_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Natural areas</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Natural_areas-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Natural areas subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Natural_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Calumet_Prairie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Calumet_Prairie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Calumet Prairie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Calumet_Prairie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cowles_Bog" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cowles_Bog"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Cowles Bog</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cowles_Bog-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Great_Marsh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Great_Marsh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Great Marsh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Great_Marsh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heron_Rookery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heron_Rookery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Heron Rookery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heron_Rookery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hobart_Prairie_Grove" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hobart_Prairie_Grove"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Hobart Prairie Grove</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hobart_Prairie_Grove-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hoosier_Prairie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hoosier_Prairie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Hoosier Prairie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hoosier_Prairie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Miller_Woods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miller_Woods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>Miller Woods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Miller_Woods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mnoké_Prairie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mnoké_Prairie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.8</span> <span>Mnoké Prairie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mnoké_Prairie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mount_Baldy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mount_Baldy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.9</span> <span>Mount Baldy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mount_Baldy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pinhook_Bog" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pinhook_Bog"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.10</span> <span>Pinhook Bog</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pinhook_Bog-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historic_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historic_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Historic areas</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historic_areas-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Historic areas subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historic_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bailly_Homestead" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bailly_Homestead"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Bailly Homestead</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bailly_Homestead-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chellberg_Farm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chellberg_Farm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Chellberg Farm</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chellberg_Farm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bailly_Cemetery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bailly_Cemetery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Bailly Cemetery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bailly_Cemetery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Century_of_Progress_Architectural_District" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Century_of_Progress_Architectural_District"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Century of Progress Architectural District</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Century_of_Progress_Architectural_District-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Good_Fellow_Club_Youth_Camp" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Good_Fellow_Club_Youth_Camp"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Good Fellow Club Youth Camp</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Good_Fellow_Club_Youth_Camp-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lustron_Homes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lustron_Homes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Lustron Homes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lustron_Homes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Swedish_Farmsteads_Historic_District_(pending)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Swedish_Farmsteads_Historic_District_(pending)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7</span> <span>Swedish Farmsteads Historic District (pending)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swedish_Farmsteads_Historic_District_(pending)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Recreation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Recreation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Recreation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Trails" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trails"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Trails</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trails-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Burnham_Plan_trails" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burnham_Plan_trails"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Burnham Plan trails</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Burnham_Plan_trails-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Water_Trail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_Trail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.1</span> <span>Water Trail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_Trail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Long_Distance_Hike/Bike_Trail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Long_Distance_Hike/Bike_Trail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.2</span> <span>Long Distance Hike/Bike Trail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Long_Distance_Hike/Bike_Trail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lake_Michigan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lake_Michigan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Lake Michigan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lake_Michigan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_programs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_programs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Public programs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_programs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail_programs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail_programs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Rail programs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail_programs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Professional_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Professional_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Professional development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Professional_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_park" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_park"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Sister park</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_park-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accessibility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accessibility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Accessibility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accessibility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Facilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Facilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Facilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dunes_National_Park_Association" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dunes_National_Park_Association"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Dunes National Park Association</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dunes_National_Park_Association-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle See also subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-People_associated_with_the_Dunes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People_associated_with_the_Dunes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>People associated with the Dunes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People_associated_with_the_Dunes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%83%D8%AB%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="حديقة كثبان إنديانا الوطنية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حديقة كثبان إنديانا الوطنية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taman_Nasional_Indiana_Dunes" title="Taman Nasional Indiana Dunes – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Taman Nasional Indiana Dunes" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_Dunes_National_Lakeshore" title="Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana-Dunes-Nationalpark" title="Indiana-Dunes-Nationalpark – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Indiana-Dunes-Nationalpark" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_Dunes_National_Lakeshore" title="Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parc_national_des_Indiana_Dunes" title="Parc national des Indiana Dunes – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Parc national des Indiana Dunes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parco_nazionale_delle_dune_dell%27Indiana" title="Parco nazionale delle dune dell'Indiana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Parco nazionale delle dune dell'Indiana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A7_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A1" title="הפארק הלאומי אינדיאנה דונס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הפארק הלאומי אינדיאנה דונס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_Dunes_National_Park" title="Indiana Dunes National Park – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Indiana Dunes National Park" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_Dunes_nasjonalpark" title="Indiana Dunes nasjonalpark – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Indiana Dunes nasjonalpark" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_Narodowy_Indiana_Dunes" title="Park Narodowy Indiana Dunes – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Park Narodowy Indiana Dunes" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&params=41_38_53_N_87_06_29_W_region:US_type:landmark_dim:8km"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°38′53″N</span> <span class="longitude">87°06′29″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.64806°N 87.10806°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.64806; -87.10806</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">National park in Indiana, United States</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Indiana Dunes National Park</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 100%;"><div style="background-color: #CDE5B2;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_protected_area_categories" title="IUCN protected area categories">IUCN category</a> II (<a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">national park</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indiana_Dunes_National_Lakeshore,_Michigan_City,_Indiana,_Estados_Unidos,_2012-10-20,_DD_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Indiana_Dunes_National_Lakeshore%2C_Michigan_City%2C_Indiana%2C_Estados_Unidos%2C_2012-10-20%2C_DD_03.jpg/284px-Indiana_Dunes_National_Lakeshore%2C_Michigan_City%2C_Indiana%2C_Estados_Unidos%2C_2012-10-20%2C_DD_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="284" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Indiana_Dunes_National_Lakeshore%2C_Michigan_City%2C_Indiana%2C_Estados_Unidos%2C_2012-10-20%2C_DD_03.jpg/426px-Indiana_Dunes_National_Lakeshore%2C_Michigan_City%2C_Indiana%2C_Estados_Unidos%2C_2012-10-20%2C_DD_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Indiana_Dunes_National_Lakeshore%2C_Michigan_City%2C_Indiana%2C_Estados_Unidos%2C_2012-10-20%2C_DD_03.jpg/568px-Indiana_Dunes_National_Lakeshore%2C_Michigan_City%2C_Indiana%2C_Estados_Unidos%2C_2012-10-20%2C_DD_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5186" data-file-height="3457" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_a552b127c35ca693715a9db5442feea06f83d219"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&revid=1253801187&groups=_a552b127c35ca693715a9db5442feea06f83d219" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&revid=1253801187&groups=_a552b127c35ca693715a9db5442feea06f83d219 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr class="locality"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Porter_County,_Indiana" title="Porter County, Indiana">Porter County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_County,_Indiana" title="Lake County, Indiana">Lake County</a> and <a href="/wiki/LaPorte_County,_Indiana" title="LaPorte County, Indiana">LaPorte County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>, United States</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nearest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Shores,_Indiana" title="Beverly Shores, Indiana">Beverly Shores, Indiana</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Porter,_Indiana" title="Porter, Indiana">Porter, Indiana</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&params=41_38_53_N_87_06_29_W_region:US_type:landmark_dim:8km"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°38′53″N</span> <span class="longitude">87°06′29″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.64806°N 87.10806°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.64806; -87.10806</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">15,349 acres (62.12 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">November 5, 1966 <i>(national lakeshore)</i><br />February 15, 2019 <i>(national park)</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Visitors</th><td class="infobox-data">2,834,180 (in 2022<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Governing body</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nps.gov/indu">nps<wbr />.gov<wbr />/indu</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6023179#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Indiana Dunes National Park</b> is a <a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_the_United_States" title="List of national parks of the United States">national park of the United States</a> located in northwestern <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a> managed by the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. It was authorized by Congress in 1966 as the <b>Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore</b> and was redesignated as the nation's 61st national park on February 15, 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The park runs for about 20 miles (32 km) along the southern shore of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Michigan" title="Lake Michigan">Lake Michigan</a> and covers 15,349 acres (6,212 ha). Along the lakefront, the eastern area is roughly the lake shore south to <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_12_in_Indiana" title="U.S. Route 12 in Indiana">U.S. 12</a> or <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_20_in_Indiana" title="U.S. Route 20 in Indiana">U.S. 20</a> between <a href="/wiki/Michigan_City,_Indiana" title="Michigan City, Indiana">Michigan City, Indiana</a>, on the east and the <a href="/wiki/Cleveland-Cliffs" title="Cleveland-Cliffs">Cleveland-Cliffs</a> steel plant on the west. This area's conservation scheme is enhanced by the older <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Dunes_State_Park" title="Indiana Dunes State Park">Indiana Dunes State Park</a>. To the west of the steel plant lies West Beach and a small extension south of the steel mill continues west along <a href="/wiki/Salt_Creek_(Little_Calumet_River)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt Creek (Little Calumet River)">Salt Creek</a> to <a href="/wiki/Indiana_State_Road_249" title="Indiana State Road 249">Indiana 249</a>. The western area is roughly the shoreline south to U.S. 12 between the Burns Ditch west to Broadway in <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Gary" title="Downtown Gary">downtown</a> <a href="/wiki/Gary,_Indiana" title="Gary, Indiana">Gary, Indiana</a>. In addition, there are several outlying areas, including <a href="/wiki/Pinhook_Bog" title="Pinhook Bog">Pinhook Bog</a>, in <a href="/wiki/LaPorte_County,_Indiana" title="LaPorte County, Indiana">LaPorte County</a> to the east; the <a href="/wiki/Heron_Rookery" title="Heron Rookery">Heron Rookery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Porter_County,_Indiana" title="Porter County, Indiana">Porter County</a>, the center of the park; and the <a href="/wiki/Hoosier_Prairie_State_Nature_Preserve" title="Hoosier Prairie State Nature Preserve">Hoosier Prairie State Nature Preserve</a> and the Hobart Prairie Grove, both in <a href="/wiki/Lake_County,_Indiana" title="Lake County, Indiana">Lake County</a>, the western end of the park. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-2"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Indiana_Dunes" title="History of the Indiana Dunes">History of the Indiana Dunes</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indiana_Dunes_parkmap_west.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Indiana_Dunes_parkmap_west.jpg/220px-Indiana_Dunes_parkmap_west.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Indiana_Dunes_parkmap_west.jpg/330px-Indiana_Dunes_parkmap_west.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Indiana_Dunes_parkmap_west.jpg/440px-Indiana_Dunes_parkmap_west.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption>West side of the national park</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indiana_Dunes_NL_parkmap_east.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Indiana_Dunes_NL_parkmap_east.jpg/220px-Indiana_Dunes_NL_parkmap_east.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Indiana_Dunes_NL_parkmap_east.jpg/330px-Indiana_Dunes_NL_parkmap_east.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Indiana_Dunes_NL_parkmap_east.jpg/440px-Indiana_Dunes_NL_parkmap_east.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption>East side of the national park</figcaption></figure> <p>There is little evidence of permanent Native American communities forming during the earlier years; rather, the evidence suggests that seasonal hunting camps were the norm. The earliest evidence for permanent camps was the occupation of the Ohio valley by the <a href="/wiki/Hopewell_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Hopewell culture">Hopewell culture</a>. Five groups of mounds have been documented in the dunes area. These mounds are consistent with the period of 200 BCE (<a href="/wiki/Goodall_Focus_(Hopewellian_Culture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Goodall Focus (Hopewellian Culture)">Goodall Focus</a>) to 800 CE (early <a href="/wiki/Mississippian_culture" title="Mississippian culture">Mississippian</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though even that was a short lived permanency. Beginning in the 1500s, European exploration and trade introduced more changes to the human environment. Tribal animosities and traditional European competition affected tribal relations<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The citation is not specific enough to facilitate source verification (December 2015)">not specific enough to verify</span></a></i>]</sup>. Entire populations began moving westward, while others sought to dominate large geographic trading areas. Once again, the dunes became a middle point on a journey from the east or the west. It continued to remain a key hunting ground for villages over a wide area.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It wasn't until the 19th century that native villages once again were scattered through the area, but this was soon followed by European settlement.<sup id="cite_ref-HSR_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HSR-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bailly" title="Joseph Bailly">Joseph Bailly</a> was the earliest recorded settler in the dunes. He moved here from trading villages around <a href="/wiki/Niles,_Michigan" title="Niles, Michigan">Niles, Michigan</a>. Settling along the <a href="/wiki/Calumet_River" title="Calumet River">Calumet River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HSR_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HSR-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon he was joined by a series of other settlers and the communities in the dunes began to develop. They included <a href="/wiki/Chesterton,_Indiana" title="Chesterton, Indiana">Chesterton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porter,_Indiana" title="Porter, Indiana">Porter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tremont,_Indiana" title="Tremont, Indiana">Tremont</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Town_of_Pines,_Indiana" title="Town of Pines, Indiana">Town of the Pines</a>. These pioneer communities grew and expanded. </p><p><a href="/wiki/City_West,_Indiana" title="City West, Indiana">City West</a> was one of several "ghost towns" situated in the dunes. Planned as a rival to Chicago,<sup id="cite_ref-Taylor_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taylor-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was partly built in 1837 but failed that summer, during a <a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1837" title="Panic of 1837">national economic panic</a>. The remains of the town, partly carted off to be used as lumber, were located near where the pavilion in the state park now stands, until a forest fire in the 1850s destroyed whatever was left.<sup id="cite_ref-Taylor_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taylor-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, most of the coastline has been settled for use as homes, factories, and businesses, with some areas reserved for public parks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preserving_the_dunes_and_National_Lakeshore">Preserving the dunes and National Lakeshore</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Preserving the dunes and National Lakeshore"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Steven_Mather_Visit_to_Indiana_Dune_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Steven_Mather_Visit_to_Indiana_Dune_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Steven_Mather_Visit_to_Indiana_Dune_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Steven_Mather_Visit_to_Indiana_Dune_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Steven_Mather_Visit_to_Indiana_Dune_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Steven_Mather_Visit_to_Indiana_Dune_%28cropped%29.jpg/400px-Steven_Mather_Visit_to_Indiana_Dune_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2430" /></a><figcaption>Steven Mather visits the Indiana Dunes.</figcaption></figure><p> Triggered by a publication on the unique flora of the dunes in the 1899 <i><a href="/wiki/Botanical_Gazette" class="mw-redirect" title="Botanical Gazette">Botanical Gazette</a></i> by University of Chicago botanist <a href="/wiki/Henry_Chandler_Cowles" title="Henry Chandler Cowles">Henry Chandler Cowles</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a movement began to preserve the dunes habitat.<sup id="cite_ref-Engel_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Engel-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1916, the visionary National Parks Director <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Mather" title="Stephen Mather">Stephen Mather</a> held hearings in Chicago on a "Sand Dunes National Park".<sup id="cite_ref-Parksite_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parksite-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another factor leading to the desire to preserve the dunes was the disappearance of the <a href="/wiki/Hoosier_Slide" title="Hoosier Slide">Hoosier Slide</a>, a particularly large dune along this shore. The sand from this dune was found to be ideal for glass manufacture, and much of this sand was transported to the Ball Brothers and Hemingray Glass Co. plants in Muncie, producing the well-known 'Ball Blue' canning jars and 'Hemingray Blue' insulators. The Hoosier Slide was completely consumed by 1920, and a power plant sits on the site today.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1926, the Indiana Dunes State Park opened. In the 1950s, a desire to maximize economic development through a "Port of Indiana" spurred interest in preservation. The <a href="/wiki/Save_the_Dunes" title="Save the Dunes">Save the Dunes</a> Council, including its president <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Richardson_Buell" title="Dorothy Richardson Buell">Dorothy Richardson Buell</a> and activist <a href="/wiki/Hazel_Hannell" title="Hazel Hannell">Hazel Hannell</a>, began a nationwide campaign to buy the land. Their first success was the purchase of 56 acres (23 ha) in Porter County, the <a href="/wiki/Cowles_Bog" title="Cowles Bog">Cowles Tamarack Bog</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Parksite_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parksite-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Kennedy Compromise</i> entailed the creation of a national lakeshore and a port.<sup id="cite_ref-Engel_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Engel-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Illinois Senator <a href="/wiki/Paul_Douglas_(Illinois_politician)" title="Paul Douglas (Illinois politician)">Paul H. Douglas</a> led the Congressional effort to save the dunes. In late 1966, the bill passed and the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore became a reality. Four subsequent expansion bills for the park (1976, 1980, 1986, and 1992) have increased the size of the park to more than 15,000 acres (61 km<sup>2</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-Parksite_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parksite-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Redesignation_as_National_Park">Redesignation as National Park</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Redesignation as National Park"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A bill to reclassify Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore as Indiana Dunes National Park was sponsored by Representative <a href="/wiki/Pete_Visclosky" title="Pete Visclosky">Pete Visclosky</a> and Senators <a href="/wiki/Todd_Young" title="Todd Young">Todd Young</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mike_Braun" title="Mike Braun">Mike Braun</a> and previously by Senator <a href="/wiki/Joe_Donnelly" title="Joe Donnelly">Joe Donnelly</a>, who wanted to bring the site more recognition.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deputy Director of the National Park Service Paul Daniel Smith testified that the Service opposed the redesignation because it would be inconsistent with the Service's naming conventions and the Indiana Dunes have more in common with other <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_national_lakeshores_and_seashores" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States national lakeshores and seashores">national lakeshores and seashores</a> than <a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_the_United_States" title="List of national parks of the United States">national parks</a>, which are typically much larger.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>H.R. 1488 originally passed in the House of Representatives on November 1, 2017, but it did not receive a vote in the Senate during the 115th Congress. The <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019">Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2019</a> included the bill as a provision and was signed by President Donald Trump on February 15, creating the country's 61st National Park and the first in Indiana.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IDNP_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IDNP-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The creeks and rivers of the national park include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunes_Creek" title="Dunes Creek">Dunes Creek</a> is a northwards-flowing 4.3-mile-long (6.9 km) <a href="/wiki/Stream" title="Stream">stream</a><sup id="cite_ref-NHD_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHD-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which drains the flows northward, receiving first the Great Marsh tributary from the east and then the West Branch tributary which drains <a href="/wiki/Cowles_Bog" title="Cowles Bog">Cowles Bog</a>. Dunes Creek passes through the coastal sand dunes to empty into Lake Michigan.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Arm_Little_Calumet_River" title="East Arm Little Calumet River">East Arm Little Calumet River</a>, also known as the "East Branch Little Calumet River", is a 22.1-mile-long (35.6 km) portion of the <a href="/wiki/Little_Calumet_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Little Calumet River">Little Calumet River</a><sup id="cite_ref-NHD_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHD-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that begins just east of <a href="/wiki/Holmesville,_Indiana" title="Holmesville, Indiana">Holmesville, Indiana</a>, in <a href="/wiki/New_Durham_Township,_LaPorte_County,_Indiana" title="New Durham Township, LaPorte County, Indiana">New Durham Township</a> in <a href="/wiki/LaPorte_County,_Indiana" title="LaPorte County, Indiana">LaPorte County</a> and flows west to <a href="/wiki/Porter_County,_Indiana" title="Porter County, Indiana">Porter County</a> where it is diverted to the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Indiana" title="Port of Indiana">Port of Indiana-Burns Waterway</a> and Lake Michigan.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_Creek_(Little_Calumet_River)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt Creek (Little Calumet River)">Salt Creek</a> is a 24.0-mile-long (38.6 km)<sup id="cite_ref-NHD_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHD-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tributary of the <a href="/wiki/East_Arm_Little_Calumet_River" title="East Arm Little Calumet River">East Arm Little Calumet River</a> that begins south of <a href="/wiki/Valparaiso,_Indiana" title="Valparaiso, Indiana">Valparaiso</a> in <a href="/wiki/Porter_County,_Indiana" title="Porter County, Indiana">Porter County, Indiana</a>, and flows north until it joins the East Arm Little Calumet River just before it exits to Lake Michigan via the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Indiana" title="Port of Indiana">Port of Indiana-Burns Waterway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trail_Creek_(Lake_Michigan)" title="Trail Creek (Lake Michigan)">Trail Creek</a> is a 7.3-mile-long (11.7 km) north- by northwest-flowing <a href="/wiki/Stream" title="Stream">stream</a><sup id="cite_ref-NHD_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHD-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whose main stem begins at the confluence of the West Branch Trail Creek and the East Branch Trail Creek in <a href="/wiki/LaPorte_County,_Indiana" title="LaPorte County, Indiana">LaPorte County, Indiana</a>, and flows through the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_City,_Indiana" title="Michigan City, Indiana">Michigan City</a> harbor into Lake Michigan.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> system, Indiana Dunes National Park has a hot summer <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">Humid continental climate</a> (<i>Dfa</i>). According to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a>, the plant <a href="/wiki/Hardiness_zone" title="Hardiness zone">hardiness zone</a> at Indiana Dunes National Park at 614 ft (187 m) is 6a with an average annual extreme minimum temperature of −9.4 °F (−23.0 °C).<sup id="cite_ref-USDA_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDA-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The primary feature of Indiana Dunes National Park is <a href="/wiki/Lake_Michigan" title="Lake Michigan">Lake Michigan</a>. The lake brings with it several weather-related conditions that can create threats to the enjoyment of the area. </p> <ul><li><b>Winter</b>: Winter months bring the risk of <a href="/wiki/Shelf_ice" title="Shelf ice">shelf ice</a>. This is a condition where the winter winds push ice from Lake Michigan onto the beaches. As the cold depends, the ice can build up into long ridges creating an arctic dunescape. Much of this ice is floating. It may be dangerous to walk on the ice as there can be air pockets into which you can sink. Rescue is extremely difficult.</li> <li><b>Summer</b>: During the summer months, <a href="/wiki/Rip_current" title="Rip current">rip currents</a> can occur in Lake Michigan. These occur suddenly and can sweep swimmers far out into the lake. Rip currents are most prevalent on days with a strong north wind.<sup id="cite_ref-news_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rip currents are created when masses of water are pushed against the shoreline by a north wind. The mass of water becomes trapped between the beach and the first sandbar. As the wind continues, the volume of water increases until weight of incoming water and the mass of the sandbar are unable push back the growing volume of water behind the sandbar. Then, the trapped water creates a narrow channel through the sandbar. The water rushes back into the lake forming a river in the lake. Anything or anyone in the current is taken out into the lake.<sup id="cite_ref-news_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1989–present </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66<br />(19) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72<br />(22) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85<br />(29) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88<br />(31) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95<br />(35) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98<br />(37) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">102<br />(39) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98<br />(37) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">96<br />(36) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89<br />(32) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77<br />(25) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69<br />(21) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">102<br />(39) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.5<br />(11.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.6<br />(13.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.0<br />(21.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.4<br />(26.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.9<br />(30.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.3<br />(32.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92.7<br />(33.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.4<br />(33.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.9<br />(31.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.8<br />(27.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.1<br />(20.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.7<br />(13.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">94.4<br />(34.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.1<br />(0.1) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.5<br />(1.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.6<br />(7.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.2<br />(14.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.4<br />(20.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.5<br />(25.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.6<br />(27.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.0<br />(26.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.3<br />(23.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.3<br />(16.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.7<br />(9.3) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.4<br />(3.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">58.4<br />(14.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(−3.9) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3<br />(−2.1) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.7<br />(3.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.4<br />(9.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.0<br />(15.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.5<br />(20.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.0<br />(22.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.6<br />(22.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.3<br />(18.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.5<br />(11.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.5<br />(5.3) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.8<br />(−0.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">50.2<br />(10.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(−7.9) </td> <td style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(−6.1) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8<br />(−1.2) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.5<br />(4.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.6<br />(9.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.5<br />(15.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.3<br />(17.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.1<br />(17.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC082; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.3<br />(13.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.7<br />(7.1) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.2<br />(1.2) </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.1<br />(−4.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">42.0<br />(5.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #7B7BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.7<br />(−19.8) </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0<br />(−16.7) </td> <td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(−10.8) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.0<br />(−3.3) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.5<br />(1.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.5<br />(6.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.8<br />(11.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.6<br />(11.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.5<br />(5.8) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.5<br />(−0.3) </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(−6.6) </td> <td style="background: #9696FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2<br />(−14.9) </td> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−7.3<br />(−21.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #4444FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−22<br />(−30) </td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−15<br />(−26) </td> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4<br />(−20) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18<br />(−8) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31<br />(−1) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37<br />(3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45<br />(7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46<br />(8) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35<br />(2) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23<br />(−5) </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7<br />(−14) </td> <td style="background: #4F4FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−19<br />(−28) </td> <td style="background: #4444FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−22<br />(−30) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #ABFFAB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.21<br />(56) </td> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.97<br />(50) </td> <td style="background: #A7FFA7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.34<br />(59) </td> <td style="background: #74FF74; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.55<br />(90) </td> <td style="background: #5EFF5E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.27<br />(108) </td> <td style="background: #57FF57; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.31<br />(109) </td> <td style="background: #68FF68; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.98<br />(101) </td> <td style="background: #64FF64; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.08<br />(104) </td> <td style="background: #6FFF6F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.65<br />(93) </td> <td style="background: #71FF71; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.75<br />(95) </td> <td style="background: #93FF93; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.76<br />(70) </td> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.29<br />(58) </td> <td style="background: #81FF81; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">39.16<br />(995) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall inches (cm) </th> <td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(41) </td> <td style="background: #000065; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">9.7<br />(25) </td> <td style="background: #1F1FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(15) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6<br />(1.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7<br />(1.8) </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">7.3<br />(19) </td> <td style="background: #7D7DFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">40.3<br />(102) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.01 in)</span> </th> <td style="background: #6363FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.6 </td> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #7878FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 </td> <td style="background: #6E6EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3 </td> <td style="background: #6767FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3 </td> <td style="background: #6969FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7 </td> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7 </td> <td style="background: #8484FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9 </td> <td style="background: #8484FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 </td> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #6C6CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 </td> <td style="background: #7575FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">131.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 in)</span> </th> <td style="background: #9797FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 </td> <td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6 </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4 </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7 </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">24.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: NOAA<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology">Geology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Glacial_Lake_Chicago_(14,000_YBP)_7a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Glacial_Lake_Chicago_%2814%2C000_YBP%29_7a.jpg/220px-Glacial_Lake_Chicago_%2814%2C000_YBP%29_7a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Glacial_Lake_Chicago_%2814%2C000_YBP%29_7a.jpg/330px-Glacial_Lake_Chicago_%2814%2C000_YBP%29_7a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Glacial_Lake_Chicago_%2814%2C000_YBP%29_7a.jpg/440px-Glacial_Lake_Chicago_%2814%2C000_YBP%29_7a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1528" data-file-height="1069" /></a><figcaption>Glacial <a href="/wiki/Lake_Chicago" title="Lake Chicago">Lake Chicago</a>, 14,000 years before present. In this map, the present dunes park area is covered by the lake at left. Formation of the dunes is in part due to action of the advancing and receding melt water.</figcaption></figure><p>The Lake Michigan Basin was formed during the <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Glacial_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Wisconsin Glacial Period">Wisconsin Glacial Period</a>. The Michigan Lobe of the continental glacier began its retreat northward over 20,000 years before present (YBP)<sup id="cite_ref-Legacy_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legacy-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> forming the southern shore of the Lake Michigan Basin. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Valparaiso_Moraine" title="Valparaiso Moraine">Valparaiso Moraine</a> is the dominant geologic form that created the various landscape forms of the Indiana Dunes about 40,000 YBP.<sup id="cite_ref-Legacy_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legacy-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within the arc created by the Valparaiso Moraine are the two younger recessional moraines of the <a href="/wiki/Tinley_Moraine" title="Tinley Moraine">Tinley Moraine</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Border_Moraine" title="Lake Border Moraine">Lake Border Moraine</a>. Each moraine created a dam across the southern outflow of the melt waters of the receding glaciers. As each <a href="/wiki/Glacial_lake" title="Glacial lake">glacial lake</a> breached a low spot in the moraines, water levels receded, leaving a series of shorelines and dune ridges.<sup id="cite_ref-Legacy_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legacy-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Calumet_Shoreline" title="Calumet Shoreline">Calumet Shoreline</a> is the oldest visible shoreline of Lake Michigan. It is a visible sand ridge along Ridge Road through <a href="/wiki/Lake_County,_Indiana" title="Lake County, Indiana">Lake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Porter_County,_Indiana" title="Porter County, Indiana">Porter</a> Counties, Indiana. Two older shorelines, the Tolleston and the <a href="/wiki/Glenwood_Shoreline" title="Glenwood Shoreline">Glenwood Shoreline</a> are much harder to identify and further south in those counties.<sup id="cite_ref-schoon_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schoon-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the periods of glacial retreat, there were periods of stability. During these times, glacial lakes formed along the southern borders of the glaciers, bound into the Lake Michigan Basin by the recessional moraines. Four major glacial lake periods created the Indiana Dunes. They are the glacial <a href="/wiki/Lake_Chicago" title="Lake Chicago">Lake Chicago</a> (14,000 YBP), glacial <a href="/wiki/Lake_Algonquin" title="Lake Algonquin">Lake Algonquin</a> (9,000 YBP), glacial <a href="/wiki/Lake_Chippewa" title="Lake Chippewa">Lake Chippewa</a> (7,000 YBP), and the <a href="/wiki/Nipissing_Great_Lakes" title="Nipissing Great Lakes">Nipissing Great Lakes</a> stage (4,000 YBP). Once the glaciers had fully retreated from the Lake Michigan basin, after the Lake Nipissing stage, the same factors that created the dunes south of the current shoreline, expanded the existing shoreline.<sup id="cite_ref-Legacy_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legacy-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The littoral currents or <a href="/wiki/Longshore_drift" title="Longshore drift">Longshore drift</a> transport sand southward along the eastern shore of Lake Michigan. As they encounter streams bringing water from inland, sandbars are created, pointing down current, either southward if the shore is north to south or westward along the southern shore itself.<sup id="cite_ref-schoon_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schoon-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If the currents were strong enough, as they were when the Glenwood Shoreline was created, shallow inland bays would be formed with a wide sand spit between each bay and the open lake.<sup id="cite_ref-schoon_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schoon-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over time, the sand spits would merge with the far shoreline, forming interdunal ponds.<sup id="cite_ref-schoon_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schoon-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each sand spit would become a dune ridge. As the ponds filled in and wind built the outer sand ridges higher, the ponds would dry up and only a stream would remain, as with the <a href="/wiki/Little_Calumet_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Little Calumet River">Little Calumet River</a> today, just south of the state and national parks. As the shoreline moved northward, new ridges formed along with additional streams, now slower and less powerful, and the process duplicated itself. To the west of the Indiana Dunes, <a href="/wiki/Wolf_Lake_(Indiana/Illinois)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolf Lake (Indiana/Illinois)">Wolf Lake</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hammond,_Indiana" title="Hammond, Indiana">Hammond, Indiana</a>, forms a western border to the dunes. Here the same process is at work, only the littoral drift is again south, but along the western shore, pushing the sand and sand spits eastward.<sup id="cite_ref-schoon_26-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schoon-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, it is the remnants of the marsh lands and inter-dunal or inter-sand spit lakes that have formed this region over 40,000 years.<sup id="cite_ref-schoon_26-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schoon-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Flora and fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The park is in the <a href="/wiki/Central_forest-grasslands_transition" class="mw-redirect" title="Central forest-grasslands transition">central forest-grasslands transition</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregion</a>. </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/A._W._Kuchler" title="A. W. Kuchler">A. W. Kuchler</a> U.S. <a href="/wiki/Potential_natural_vegetation" title="Potential natural vegetation">Potential natural vegetation</a> Types, Indiana Dunes National Park has an <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">Oak</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hickory" title="Hickory">Hickory</a> (<i>100</i>) potential vegetation type and an Eastern Hardwood forest, aka <a href="/wiki/Temperate_broadleaf_and_mixed_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest">Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest</a> (<i>26</i>) potential vegetation form.<sup id="cite_ref-Conservation_Biology_Institute_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Conservation_Biology_Institute-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rare,_threatened,_and_endangered_species"><span id="Rare.2C_threatened.2C_and_endangered_species"></span>Rare, threatened, and endangered species</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Rare, threatened, and endangered species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The park includes habitats for several rare plants and animals. The park has more than 1,400 species of vascular plants, ranking it 8th in total plant species among all units of the National Park System. At least two plant species are on the Federal list of Threatened and Endangered Species: </p> <ul><li>Mead's milkweed (<i><a href="/wiki/Asclepias_meadii" title="Asclepias meadii">Asclepias meadii</a></i>)</li> <li>Pitcher's thistle (<i><a href="/wiki/Cirsium_pitcheri" title="Cirsium pitcheri">Cirsium pitcheri</a></i>)</li></ul> <p>Several others are on the list of state T&E species.<sup id="cite_ref-EA_HSR_CLR_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EA_HSR_CLR-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Populations of each plant group are estimated to be around 100–120 individual plants. The species included are:<sup id="cite_ref-EA_HSR_CLR_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EA_HSR_CLR-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>White baneberry (<i><a href="/wiki/Actaea_pachypoda" title="Actaea pachypoda">Actaea pachypoda</a></i>)</li> <li>Virginia snake root (<i><a href="/wiki/Aristolochia_serpentaria" title="Aristolochia serpentaria">Aristolochia serpentaria</a></i>)</li> <li>Shooting star (<i><a href="/wiki/Dodecatheon_meadia" class="mw-redirect" title="Dodecatheon meadia">Dodecatheon meadia</a></i>)</li> <li>American columbo (<i><a href="/wiki/Frasera_caroliniensis" title="Frasera caroliniensis">Frasera caroliniensis</a></i>)</li> <li>Pink corydalis (<i><a href="/wiki/Corydalis_sempervirens" class="mw-redirect" title="Corydalis sempervirens">Corydalis sempervirens</a></i>)</li></ul> <p>Among the federally threatened and endangered wildlife are:<sup id="cite_ref-EA_HSR_CLR_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EA_HSR_CLR-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_bat" title="Indiana bat">Indiana bat</a> (<i>Myotis sodalis</i>)</li> <li>Eastern <a href="/wiki/Massasauga" class="mw-redirect" title="Massasauga">massasauga</a> rattlesnake (<i>Sistrurus catenatus catenatus</i>)</li> <li>Rufa <a href="/wiki/Red_knot" title="Red knot">Red knot</a> (<i>Calidris canutus rufa</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piping_plover" title="Piping plover">Piping plover</a> (<i>Charadrius melodus</i>)</li></ul> <p>In addition, the park has habitat suitable for the <a href="/wiki/Bald_eagle" title="Bald eagle">bald eagle</a> (<i>Haliaeetus leucocephalus</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-EA_HSR_CLR_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EA_HSR_CLR-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Species_count">Species count</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Species count"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><b>Group</b> </th> <th><b>Number of species</b> </th> <th><b>Extirpated species</b> </th> <th>Main article </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background:#e0d0b0;"><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordates</a> or Animals with Backbones </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammals</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mammalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammalia">Mammalia</a> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">41</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">11<sup id="cite_ref-Mammals_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mammals-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mammals_of_the_Indiana_Dunes" title="Mammals of the Indiana Dunes">Mammals of the Indiana Dunes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">Birds</a> or <a href="/wiki/Aves" class="mw-redirect" title="Aves">Aves</a> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">352<sup id="cite_ref-animalsite_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-animalsite-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">2</div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Birds_of_the_Indiana_Dunes" class="mw-redirect" title="Birds of the Indiana Dunes">Birds of the Indiana Dunes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">Reptiles</a> or <a href="/wiki/Reptilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Reptilia">Reptilia</a> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">23<sup id="cite_ref-animalsite_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-animalsite-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_reptiles_of_the_Indiana_Dunes" title="List of reptiles of the Indiana Dunes">List of reptiles of the Indiana Dunes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Amphibian" title="Amphibian">Amphibians</a> or <a href="/wiki/Amphibia" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphibia">Amphibia</a> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">18</div> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_amphibians_of_the_Indiana_Dunes" title="List of amphibians of the Indiana Dunes">List of amphibians of the Indiana Dunes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">Fish</a> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">71<sup id="cite_ref-animalsite_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-animalsite-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_fish_of_the_Indiana_Dunes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of fish of the Indiana Dunes">List of fish of the Indiana Dunes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background:#e0d0b0;"><a href="/wiki/Invertebrate" title="Invertebrate">Invertebrate</a> or Animals without Backbones </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arthropoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthropoda">Arthropoda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Crustacea" class="mw-redirect" title="Crustacea">Crustacea</a>)-<a href="/wiki/Crustacean" title="Crustacean">Crustacean</a> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">15</div> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_crustaceans_of_the_Indiana_Dunes" title="List of crustaceans of the Indiana Dunes">List of crustaceans of the Indiana Dunes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arthropoda (<a href="/wiki/Chelicerata" title="Chelicerata">Chelicerata</a>)-<a href="/wiki/Arachnida" class="mw-redirect" title="Arachnida">Arachnida</a> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">12</div> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_arachnids_of_the_Indiana_Dunes" title="List of arachnids of the Indiana Dunes">List of arachnids of the Indiana Dunes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arthropoda (<a href="/wiki/Chelicerata" title="Chelicerata">Chelicerata</a>)-<a href="/wiki/Insects" class="mw-redirect" title="Insects">Insects</a> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">296</div> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arthropoda (<a href="/wiki/Myriapoda" title="Myriapoda">Myriapoda</a>)- Other invertebrates </td> <td><div style="float:right;">2</div> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Invertebrates_of_Indiana_Dunes" class="mw-redirect" title="Invertebrates of Indiana Dunes">Invertebrates of Indiana Dunes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Annelida" class="mw-redirect" title="Annelida">Annelida</a>-segmented worms </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mollusca" title="Mollusca">Mollusca</a> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">66</div> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-marine_mollusks_of_the_Indiana_Dunes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of non-marine mollusks of the Indiana Dunes">List of non-marine mollusks of the Indiana Dunes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background:#e0d0b0;"><a href="/wiki/Plants" class="mw-redirect" title="Plants">Plants</a> or <a href="/wiki/Plantae" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantae">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Vascular plant</a>−<a href="/wiki/Fern" title="Fern">ferns</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">26</div> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vascular plant-<a href="/wiki/Clubmosses" class="mw-redirect" title="Clubmosses">clubmosses</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vascular plant-<a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plants</a> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">1,130<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vascular plant-<a href="/wiki/Conifer" title="Conifer">conifers</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fungi </td> <td><div style="float:right;">64</div> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bryophytes" class="mw-redirect" title="Bryophytes">Bryophytes</a> – <a href="/wiki/Moss" title="Moss">Bryophyta</a> (mosses), <a href="/wiki/Marchantiophyta" title="Marchantiophyta">Marchantiophyta</a> (liverworts), and <a href="/wiki/Anthocerotophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthocerotophyta">Anthocerotophyta</a> (hornworts). </td> <td><div style="float:right;">41</div> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Algae" title="Algae">Algae</a> – especially the green algae. </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lichen" title="Lichen">Lichens</a> algae and fungi in a symbiotic arrangement<sup id="cite_ref-Wetmore_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wetmore-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">62</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">92</div> </td> <td>Change in the number of species between 1896 (Calkins) and 1986 (Wetmore)<sup id="cite_ref-Wetmore_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wetmore-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Invasive Plants </td> <td><div style="float:right;">54</div> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_invasive_plant_species_in_the_Indiana_Dunes" title="List of invasive plant species in the Indiana Dunes">List of invasive plant species in the Indiana Dunes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background:#e0d0b0;">Plankton and other microscopic life forms </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Plankton" title="Plankton">Plankton</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">33</div> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total to date</b> </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><b>2,336</b></div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><b>105</b></div> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wildlife">Wildlife</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Wildlife"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Indiana Dunes National Park is host to wide variety of wildlife, including <a href="/wiki/White-tailed_deer" title="White-tailed deer">white-tailed deer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_fox" title="Red fox">red fox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raccoon" title="Raccoon">raccoons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opossum" title="Opossum">opossums</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cottontail_rabbit" title="Cottontail rabbit">cottontail rabbits</a>, various rodents, <a href="/wiki/Canada_geese" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada geese">Canada geese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gull" title="Gull">gulls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Squirrel" title="Squirrel">squirrels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawk" title="Hawk">hawks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey_vulture" title="Turkey vulture">turkey vultures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mallard" title="Mallard">mallards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_blue_heron" title="Great blue heron">great blue herons</a>, songbirds, and <a href="/wiki/Garter_snake" title="Garter snake">garter snakes</a>. Recent records, documented photographically, indicate that <a href="/wiki/North_American_river_otter" title="North American river otter">North American river otter</a> (<i>Lontra canadensis</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Bobcat" title="Bobcat">bobcat</a> (<i>Lynx rufus</i>) began returning to the area in 2011 and 2018, respectively. As of 2023, the Indiana Audubon have observed nearly 370 bird species living in or migrating through the Indiana Dunes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flowering_plants">Flowering plants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Flowering plants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Indiana Dunes has over 369 species of flowering plants. Of these, thirteen are considered threatened or in danger of extinction. Additionally, there four <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive</a> flowering plants on the list. Some of the most common spring flowers include the <a href="/wiki/Podophyllum_peltatum" title="Podophyllum peltatum">May apple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buttercups" class="mw-redirect" title="Buttercups">buttercups</a> (six varieties), and <a href="/wiki/Viola_(plant)" title="Viola (plant)">violets</a> (14 varieties). Summer brings out the <a href="/wiki/Orchids" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchids">orchids</a> (five varieties) and much <a href="/wiki/Goldenrod" title="Goldenrod">goldenrod</a> (11 varieties).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Invasive_plants">Invasive plants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Invasive plants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Invasive plants are those introduced species that dominate a landscape pushing out traditionally native species and others species by their ability to multiply rapidly. There are 54 such species in the dunes.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unusual_sightings">Unusual sightings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Unusual sightings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 1920, a rare <a href="/wiki/American_three-toed_woodpecker" title="American three-toed woodpecker">Arctic three-toed woodpecker</a> was captured a mile west of Dune Park Station. Later that month another male was captured east of Dune Park Station. One was busy digging out grubs and the other was nervously flying from tree to tree.<sup id="cite_ref-TheAuk_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheAuk-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 1919, a <a href="/wiki/Clay-colored_sparrow" title="Clay-colored sparrow">clay-colored sparrow</a> was found near Dune Park. It was a part of a larger flock of <a href="/wiki/Harris%27s_sparrow" title="Harris's sparrow">Harris's sparrow</a> migrating along the western shore of Lake Michigan.<sup id="cite_ref-TheAuk_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheAuk-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Extirpated_species">Extirpated species</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Extirpated species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several species of plants and animals have disappeared from the dunes. Few can be clearly identified. Among those species thought to be gone are listed below: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th><b>Species</b> </th> <th><b>Latin Name</b> </th> <th><b>Last Seen</b><sup id="cite_ref-Mammals_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mammals-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_American_cougar" title="North American cougar">Eastern cougar</a><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><i>Puma concolor couguar</i> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">1830</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/American_bison" title="American bison">American bison</a> </td> <td><i>Bison bison</i> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">1731</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_elk" title="Eastern elk">Elk</a>/Wapiti </td> <td><i>Cervus canadensis canadensis</i> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">1830</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Canada_lynx" title="Canada lynx">Canada lynx</a> </td> <td><i>Lynx canadensis</i> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">1880</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bobcat" title="Bobcat">Bobcat</a> </td> <td><i>Lynx rufus</i><sup id="cite_ref-Mammals_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mammals-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">1880</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gray_wolf" class="mw-redirect" title="Gray wolf">Gray wolf</a> </td> <td><i>Canis lupus</i><sup id="cite_ref-Mammals_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mammals-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">1908</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Red_wolf" title="Red wolf">Red wolf</a> </td> <td><i>Canis rufus</i><sup id="cite_ref-Mammals_29-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mammals-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">1832</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/American_black_bear" title="American black bear">American black bear</a> </td> <td><i>Ursus americanus</i><sup id="cite_ref-Mammals_29-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mammals-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">1850</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fisher_(animal)" title="Fisher (animal)">Fisher</a> </td> <td><i>Pekania pennanti</i> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">1855</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_American_river_otter" title="North American river otter">River otter</a> </td> <td><i>Lontra canadensis</i> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">1900</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Porcupine" title="Porcupine">Porcupine</a> </td> <td><i>Erethizon dorsatum</i><sup id="cite_ref-Mammals_29-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mammals-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">1918</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Passenger_pigeon" title="Passenger pigeon">Passenger pigeon</a> </td> <td><i>Ectopistes migratorius</i> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">1900, extinct</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Piping_plover" title="Piping plover">Piping plover</a> </td> <td><i>Charadrius melodus</i> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exotic_and_invasive_species">Exotic and invasive species</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Exotic and invasive species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_invasive_plant_species_in_the_Indiana_Dunes" title="List of invasive plant species in the Indiana Dunes">List of invasive plant species in the Indiana Dunes</a></div> <p>Alien or exotic species are plants and animals which are not native to the area. These plants can be classified as <i>Invasive</i> if they rapidly replace other plants and animals in the ecosystem, creating a monoculture and threatening the extinction of the traditional plants and animals. Among plants found in the park, the following are considered to be <i>exotic</i>. Those marked with an '*' are listed as <i>invasive.</i> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li>Yarrow, (<i><a href="/wiki/Achillea_millefolium" title="Achillea millefolium">Achillea millefolium</a></i>)</li> <li>Tree of heaven, (<i><a href="/wiki/Ailanthus_altissima" title="Ailanthus altissima">Ailanthus altissima</a></i>)*</li> <li>Garlic mustard, (<i><a href="/wiki/Alliaria_petiolata" title="Alliaria petiolata">Alliaria petiolata</a></i>)*</li> <li>Japanese barberry, (<i><a href="/wiki/Berberis_thunbergii" title="Berberis thunbergii">Berberis thunbergii</a></i>)*</li> <li>Oriental bittersweet, (<i><a href="/wiki/Celastrus_orbiculatus" title="Celastrus orbiculatus">Celastrus orbiculatus</a></i>)*</li> <li>Ox-eye daisy, (<i><a href="/wiki/Chrysanthemum_leucanthemum" class="mw-redirect" title="Chrysanthemum leucanthemum">Chrysanthemum leucanthemum</a> pinnatifidum</i>)</li> <li>Field thistle, (<i><a href="/wiki/Cirsium_arvense" title="Cirsium arvense">Cirsium arvense</a></i>)*</li> <li>Common day-flower, (<i><a href="/wiki/Commelina_communis" title="Commelina communis">Commelina communis</a></i>)</li> <li>Queen Anne's lace, (<i><a href="/wiki/Daucus_carota" title="Daucus carota">Daucus carota</a></i>)</li> <li>Autumn olive, (<i><a href="/wiki/Elaeagnus_umbellata" title="Elaeagnus umbellata">Elaeagnus umbellata</a></i>)*</li> <li>Creeping Charlie, (<i><a href="/wiki/Glechoma_hederacea" title="Glechoma hederacea">Glechoma hederacea</a></i>)*</li> <li>Yellow downy bush honeysuckle, (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lonicera_%C3%97_muendeniensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lonicera × muendeniensis (page does not exist)">Lonicera × muendeniensis</a></i>)</li> <li>Bush honeysuckle, (<i><a href="/wiki/Lonicera_tatarica" title="Lonicera tatarica">Lonicera tatarica</a></i>)*</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li>English plantain, (<i><a href="/wiki/Plantago_lanceolata" title="Plantago lanceolata">Plantago lanceolata</a></i>)</li> <li>Japanese knotweed, (<i><a href="/wiki/Reynoutria_japonica" title="Reynoutria japonica">Reynoutria japonica</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">syn.</a> <i>Polygonum cuspidatum</i>)*</li> <li>Sulphur cinquefoil, (<i><a href="/wiki/Potentilla_recta" title="Potentilla recta">Potentilla recta</a></i>)</li> <li>All-heal, (<i><a href="/wiki/Prunella_(plant)" title="Prunella (plant)">Prunella</a> spp.</i>)</li> <li>Apple, (<i><a href="/wiki/Pyrus_malus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyrus malus">Pyrus malus</a></i>)</li> <li>Black locust, (<i><a href="/wiki/Robinia_pseudoacacia" title="Robinia pseudoacacia">Robinia pseudoacacia</a></i>)*</li> <li>Northern catalpa, (<i><a href="/wiki/Catalpa_speciosa" title="Catalpa speciosa">Catalpa speciosa</a></i>)*</li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="BioBlitz">BioBlitz</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: BioBlitz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On May 15 and 16, 2009, the park hosted an All Taxa Biological Diversity survey. In a 24-hour period, as part of the BioBlitz 2,000 students and thousands of additional volunteers surveyed the park for every available living species. John Francis, vice president of research, conservation and exploration for the <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a>, stated that 890 species had been inventoried.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tally at the close of the 24 hours was 890 species, including 26 amphibians and reptiles, 101 birds, 18 fish, 27 fungi, 11 mammals, 410 plants, and 178 insects.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tally had risen to 1,200 unique species by June 1.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Natural_areas">Natural areas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Natural areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Habitats_of_the_Indiana_Dunes" title="Habitats of the Indiana Dunes">Habitats of the Indiana Dunes</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Calumet_Prairie">Calumet Prairie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Calumet Prairie"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Calumet_Priarie_P7150033.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Calumet_Priarie_P7150033.jpg/220px-Calumet_Priarie_P7150033.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Calumet_Priarie_P7150033.jpg/330px-Calumet_Priarie_P7150033.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Calumet_Priarie_P7150033.jpg/440px-Calumet_Priarie_P7150033.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Calumet Prairie</div></figcaption></figure><p>Calumet Prairie is a joint venture between the National Park Service and the Indiana Department of Natural Resources. The <b>Calumet Prairie State Nature Preserve</b> in the northern portion of the land between <a href="/wiki/Interstate_90_in_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 90 in Indiana">Interstate 90</a> to the north and the <a href="/wiki/Little_Calumet_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Little Calumet River">Little Calumet River</a> on the south. The National Park owns the southern half of this plot. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cowles_Bog">Cowles Bog</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Cowles Bog"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cowles_Bog" title="Cowles Bog">Cowles Bog</a></div> <p>Cowles Bog, a <a href="/wiki/National_Natural_Landmark" title="National Natural Landmark">National Natural Landmark</a>, is a <a href="/wiki/Wetland" title="Wetland">wetland</a> complex containing <a href="/wiki/Bog" title="Bog">bog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fen" title="Fen">fen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marsh" title="Marsh">marsh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swamp" title="Swamp">swamp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wet_meadow" title="Wet meadow">wet meadow</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pond" title="Pond">pond</a> habitats; named in honor of <a href="/wiki/Biologist" title="Biologist">biologist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ecology" title="Ecology">ecologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Chandler_Cowles" title="Henry Chandler Cowles">Henry Chandler Cowles</a>. Located south and west of <a href="/wiki/Dune_Acres,_Indiana" title="Dune Acres, Indiana">Dune Acres, Indiana</a>, Cowles Bog is the sole remnant of the "Central Dunes" where Cowles performed his pioneering field studies of <a href="/wiki/Ecological_succession" title="Ecological succession">ecological succession</a> and species diversity. The complex is drained by <a href="/wiki/Dunes_Creek" title="Dunes Creek">Dunes Creek</a>, which flows to Lake Michigan at the <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Dunes_State_Park" title="Indiana Dunes State Park">Indiana Dunes State Park</a> swimming beach. A National Park trail runs from Mineral Springs Road into Cowles Bog.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Great_Marsh">Great Marsh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Great Marsh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Great Marsh is an <a href="/wiki/Interdunal_wetland" title="Interdunal wetland">interdunal wetland</a> just south of the dune ridge overlooking Lake Michigan. It stretches from steel plants in <a href="/wiki/Burns_Harbor,_Indiana" title="Burns Harbor, Indiana">Burns Harbor</a>, 12 miles (19 km) east to County Line Road on the edge of <a href="/wiki/Michigan_City,_Indiana" title="Michigan City, Indiana">Michigan City</a>. A century ago, it was the nesting and migratory layover for many birds which depended on its variety of plants.<sup id="cite_ref-GtMarsh_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GtMarsh-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 19th century, the marsh was drained through a series of ditches, creating three watersheds and reducing the <a href="/wiki/Water_table" title="Water table">water table</a>. As the water levels changed, new plants and trees moved in, creating a new habitat and displacing the wildlife that was dependent on the pre-existing wetlands.<sup id="cite_ref-GtMarsh_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GtMarsh-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li>Native plants & animals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coots" class="mw-redirect" title="Coots">Coots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallards" class="mw-redirect" title="Mallards">Mallards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_duck" title="Wood duck">Wood ducks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingfishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingfishers">Kingfishers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_swallow" title="Tree swallow">Tree swallows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusty_blackbird" title="Rusty blackbird">Rusty blackbirds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_herons" class="mw-redirect" title="Green herons">Green herons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaver" title="Beaver">Beaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyperaceae" title="Cyperaceae">sedges</a></li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li>Invasive plants <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phragmites" title="Phragmites">Common reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typha#Accepted_species_and_natural_hybrids" title="Typha">Hybrid cattail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_canary_grass" class="mw-redirect" title="Reed canary grass">Reed canary grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraxinus_pennsylvanica" title="Fraxinus pennsylvanica">Green ash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populus_deltoides" title="Populus deltoides">Cottonwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acer_saccharinum" title="Acer saccharinum">Silver maple</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ul><li><i>Restoration</i></li></ul> <p>Beginning in 1998, the national lakeshore began restoration of the marsh by closing Derby Ditch and restoring 500 acres (200 ha). The work consists of:<sup id="cite_ref-GtMarsh_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GtMarsh-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><ul><li>Plugging culverts</li> <li>Filling ditches</li> <li>Creating levees with spillways</li> <li>Planting native plants, either as seed or small sprouts</li> <li>Removing non-native plants and trees</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heron_Rookery">Heron Rookery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Heron Rookery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Heron_Rookery" title="Heron Rookery">Heron Rookery</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Erythronium_americanum_-_Heron_Rookery65.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Erythronium_americanum_-_Heron_Rookery65.jpg/220px-Erythronium_americanum_-_Heron_Rookery65.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Erythronium_americanum_-_Heron_Rookery65.jpg/330px-Erythronium_americanum_-_Heron_Rookery65.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Erythronium_americanum_-_Heron_Rookery65.jpg/440px-Erythronium_americanum_-_Heron_Rookery65.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Yellow trout-lily</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Heron" title="Heron">heron</a> rookery is located along the <a href="/wiki/East_Arm_Little_Calumet_River" title="East Arm Little Calumet River">East Arm Little Calumet River</a> in the northeast corner of <a href="/wiki/Porter_County,_Indiana" title="Porter County, Indiana">Porter County</a>. The rookery is physically separated from the main part of the park. It is accessible from County Road 600 East, south of County Road 1400 North. The rookery is a <a href="/wiki/Hardwood" title="Hardwood">hardwood</a> forest. The great blue heron nests for which the site is named are no longer a feature of the area. Spring brings out a variety of wildflowers.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hobart_Prairie_Grove">Hobart Prairie Grove</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Hobart Prairie Grove"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hobart Prairie Grove is an area of forested ravines along the west shore of <a href="/wiki/Lake_George_(Hobart,_Indiana)" title="Lake George (Hobart, Indiana)">Lake George</a>. The Hobart Prairie Grove preserves several habitats including wetlands, prairie remnants, white oak flatlands, and a rare bur <a href="/wiki/Oak_savanna" title="Oak savanna">oak savanna</a>. At about 300 acres (120 ha), the grove contains 343 native plants and a variety of birds and animals. The unique soil is at least 70 percent <a href="/wiki/Silt" title="Silt">silt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clay</a> with some <a href="/wiki/Sand" title="Sand">sand</a>. The soil supports a diversity of life. The Hobart Woodland trail is a .05-mile (0.080 km) walk to an overlook on Lake George from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oak_Savannah_rail_trail&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oak Savannah rail trail (page does not exist)">Oak Savannah rail trail</a>. The Oak Savannah rail trail runs from North Hobart Road, <a href="/wiki/Hobart,_Indiana" title="Hobart, Indiana">Hobart</a> to South Colfax Street, <a href="/wiki/Griffith,_Indiana" title="Griffith, Indiana">Griffith</a>. Of the trails 9-mile (14 km) length, 2 miles (3.2 km) are through the Hobart Prairie Grove. The trail follows the old <a href="/wiki/Elgin,_Joliet_and_Eastern_Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Elgin, Joliet and Eastern Railroad">Elgin, Joliet and Eastern Railroad</a> route and connects with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prairie_Duneland_rail_trail&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prairie Duneland rail trail (page does not exist)">Prairie Duneland rail trail</a>, continuing east to <a href="/wiki/Chesterton,_Indiana" title="Chesterton, Indiana">Chesterton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-INDU-HPG_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INDU-HPG-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hoosier_Prairie">Hoosier Prairie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Hoosier Prairie"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hoosier_Prairie" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoosier Prairie">Hoosier Prairie</a></div> <p>Hoosier Prairie, a <a href="/wiki/National_Natural_Landmark" title="National Natural Landmark">National Natural Landmark</a>, is a 430-acre (170 ha) tallgrass <a href="/wiki/Prairie" title="Prairie">prairie</a> adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Griffith,_Indiana" title="Griffith, Indiana">Griffith, Indiana</a>. It is a geographically isolated unit of the park, owned and maintained by the <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Department_of_Natural_Resources" title="Indiana Department of Natural Resources">Indiana Department of Natural Resources</a> as a state nature preserve. Some 574 species of plants have been observed growing in this patch of prairie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Miller_Woods">Miller Woods</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Miller Woods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Miller_Woods" title="Miller Woods">Miller Woods</a></div> <p>Miller Woods is located in <a href="/wiki/Miller_Beach" title="Miller Beach">Miller Beach</a>, Indiana. It is accessed through the Paul H. Douglas Center for Environmental Education on Lake Street. The area is dominated by <a href="/wiki/Ridge_and_swale" title="Ridge and swale">ridge and swale</a> topography. the ridges or swells are beach and dune sand. They date from the post Glacial Lake Nipissing period some 3000 years before present. The swales are the depressions between the ridges. They are generally either ponds or marshes.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mnoké_Prairie"><span id="Mnok.C3.A9_Prairie"></span>Mnoké Prairie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Mnoké Prairie"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mnoké Prairie is an active prairie restoration along Beam Street in the central portion of the park. The prairie's name was suggested by <a href="/wiki/Potawatomi" title="Potawatomi">Potawatomi</a> elders; "mno" means good, "ké" means earth. It is pronounced "mno-ca" (the second syllable is like the word "cat" without the "t".) The Little Calumet River Trail provides access through the prairie. It is accessible from the Mnoké Prairie parking lot on Beam Street. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mount_Baldy">Mount Baldy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Mount Baldy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:INDunesFlower.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/INDunesFlower.JPG/220px-INDunesFlower.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/INDunesFlower.JPG/330px-INDunesFlower.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/INDunesFlower.JPG/440px-INDunesFlower.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Typical wildflowers near Mount Baldy. Plants such as these help hold the dune together.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mount_Baldy_(sand_dune)" title="Mount Baldy (sand dune)">Mount Baldy (sand dune)</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Mount_Baldy_(sand_dune)" title="Mount Baldy (sand dune)">Mount Baldy</a> is a sand dune located at the east end of the park. At 123 feet (37 m) tall, it is one of the tallest sand dunes on the southern shore of Lake Michigan. It is a wandering dune that moves an average of 4 feet (1.2 m) every year, and so is called a "living dune". Mount Baldy is accessible from <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_12" title="U.S. Route 12">U.S. Route 12</a> (also known as <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_12_in_Indiana#History" title="U.S. Route 12 in Indiana">Dunes Highway</a>) between the <a href="/wiki/Town_of_Pines,_Indiana" title="Town of Pines, Indiana">Town of Pines</a> and the western border of Michigan City. Visitors were formerly allowed to hike 0.7 miles (1.1 km) up the dune. As of July 2018<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, much of the dune itself, including the summit, was closed to allow beach grasses and other native plants to regenerate, and prevent injuries to visitors. An alternative trail leading to the beach takes visitors directly past the dune, cresting just slightly lower than the summit itself. On a clear day, there are views of Lake Michigan, Chicago's skyline, and south shore, from this point.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pinhook_Bog">Pinhook Bog</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Pinhook Bog"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pinhook_Bog" title="Pinhook Bog">Pinhook Bog</a></div> <p>Pinhook Bog, a <a href="/wiki/National_Natural_Landmark" title="National Natural Landmark">National Natural Landmark</a>, is a geographically isolated unit of the national park. The quaking <a href="/wiki/Bog" title="Bog">peat bog</a> is located near <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_421" title="U.S. Route 421">U.S. Route 421</a> approximately 9 miles (14 km) south of Michigan City. The bog formed from a postglacial kettle <a href="/wiki/Moraine" title="Moraine">moraine</a> left behind about 14,000 years before the present by the melting of the ice sheet during the end of the <a href="/wiki/Last_glacial_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Last glacial period">last glacial period</a>. The acidic bog is noted for <a href="/wiki/Pitcher_plant" title="Pitcher plant">pitcher plants</a> and other wetland species. Access to the bog is restricted to ranger-led guided tours.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historic_areas">Historic areas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Historic areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Indiana_Dunes_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Indiana Dunes National Park">National Register of Historic Places listings in Indiana Dunes National Park</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bailly_Homestead">Bailly Homestead</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Bailly Homestead"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bailly_Homestead" title="Joseph Bailly Homestead">Joseph Bailly Homestead</a></div> <p>This is the location of the <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bailly_Homestead" title="Joseph Bailly Homestead">pioneer trading post</a> established in 1822 by <a href="/wiki/Fur_trade" title="Fur trade">fur trade</a> pioneer <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bailly" title="Joseph Bailly">Joseph Bailly</a>. Bailly settled here and his last home, adapted from his 1830s retirement house, survives.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Homestead was designated a U.S. <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">National Historic Landmark</a> in 1962. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chellberg_Farm">Chellberg Farm</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Chellberg Farm"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chellberg_Farm" title="Chellberg Farm">Chellberg Farm</a></div> <p>The real estate became the home of the Chellberg family, who built a farm on its sandy soil. As of 2008<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the park maintains a <a href="/wiki/Farm_museum" title="Farm museum">heritage farm</a> on the Chellberg land, with the Bailly family cemetery on the northern edge of the property.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bailly_Cemetery">Bailly Cemetery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Bailly Cemetery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bailly_Cemetery" title="Bailly Cemetery">Bailly Cemetery</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bailly_Cem_Bailly_plaque_2004_39.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Bailly_Cem_Bailly_plaque_2004_39.jpg/220px-Bailly_Cem_Bailly_plaque_2004_39.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Bailly_Cem_Bailly_plaque_2004_39.jpg/330px-Bailly_Cem_Bailly_plaque_2004_39.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Bailly_Cem_Bailly_plaque_2004_39.jpg/440px-Bailly_Cem_Bailly_plaque_2004_39.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>The Bailly Cemetery is located half a mile north of the homestead. Its location is a sandy bluff, which once looked out across the dunes to <a href="/wiki/Lake_Michigan" title="Lake Michigan">Lake Michigan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, the forest covers the dunes and the lake is not visible. Numerous changes have occurred since the first burial in 1827.<sup id="cite_ref-Cemetery_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cemetery-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bailly" title="Joseph Bailly">Joseph Bailly</a> buried his only son by Marie in the fall of 1827 on a sandy knoll. He erected an oak cross on the site and a three-sided shelter. After 1866, the Bailly area was no longer the quiet place that it had been. Other families now lived in the area and some had been using the cemetery for their families as well. However, late in 1866, Rose Howe (granddaughter of Joseph Bailly) had the family plots fenced and requested that those other families remove their deceased to other cemeteries. In 1879, she had the entire cemetery walled in and an iron gate installed to the north.<sup id="cite_ref-Cemetery_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cemetery-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Finally in 1914, Rose Howe took one further step to protect the cemetery of her family. She had the area inside the wall filled with sand. Stone steps replaced the gate to a contemplative walk atop the cemetery. An oaken cross was raised atop this new ground, continuing the tradition started by her grandfather. Rose Howe died in 1916, while in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>. She was returned to Indiana in 1917 and was the last burial in the family cemetery.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Century_of_Progress_Architectural_District">Century of Progress Architectural District</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Century of Progress Architectural District"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Century_of_Progress_Architectural_District" title="Century of Progress Architectural District">Century of Progress Architectural District</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Florida_Tropical_House_back_elevation.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Florida_Tropical_House_back_elevation.JPG/220px-Florida_Tropical_House_back_elevation.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Florida_Tropical_House_back_elevation.JPG/330px-Florida_Tropical_House_back_elevation.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Florida_Tropical_House_back_elevation.JPG/440px-Florida_Tropical_House_back_elevation.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Florida_Tropical_House" title="Florida Tropical House">Florida Tropical House</a>, back elevation taken from the beach</figcaption></figure> <p>The Century of Progress Architectural District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is located in the east portion of the park. The district consists of a total of five buildings, all from the <a href="/wiki/1933_Homes_of_Tomorrow_Exhibition" title="1933 Homes of Tomorrow Exhibition">Homes of Tomorrow Exhibition</a> during the 1933 Century of Progress World's Fair which took place in Chicago.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Good_Fellow_Club_Youth_Camp">Good Fellow Club Youth Camp</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Good Fellow Club Youth Camp"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Created by the Good Fellow Club of U.S. Steel in 1941, the camp served the children of <a href="/wiki/Gary,_Indiana" title="Gary, Indiana">Gary</a>, until 1977. It provided outdoor recreation and a chance to leave the city behind for a week or more.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The camp used tent cabins with a central restroom and shower house. Atop a rise was the main lodge where meals were provided and a trading post with a bowling alley were maintained. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lustron_Homes">Lustron Homes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Lustron Homes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lustron_Home_P7150043.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Lustron_Home_P7150043.jpg/220px-Lustron_Home_P7150043.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Lustron_Home_P7150043.jpg/330px-Lustron_Home_P7150043.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Lustron_Home_P7150043.jpg/440px-Lustron_Home_P7150043.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>Lustron House on Drake Avenue</figcaption></figure> <p>The national park acquired three <a href="/wiki/Lustron_house" title="Lustron house">Lustron houses</a> during its land acquisition process. The Jacob Klien House was located in an endangered habitat. It was moved to the east side of Drake Avenue in Beverly Shores and placed atop a dune overlooking the lake. The Schulof house located on Lakefront Drive was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Historic_Landmarks_Foundation_of_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Historic Landmarks Foundation of Indiana">Historic Landmarks Foundation of Indiana</a> for preservation and was moved to Stephens Street in <a href="/wiki/Porter,_Indiana" title="Porter, Indiana">Porter</a>. The Powell house remains inaccessible within the park on Lakefront Drive.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Swedish_Farmsteads_Historic_District_(pending)"><span id="Swedish_Farmsteads_Historic_District_.28pending.29"></span>Swedish Farmsteads Historic District (pending)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Swedish Farmsteads Historic District (pending)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Farmsteads_of_Porter_County,_Indiana" title="Swedish Farmsteads of Porter County, Indiana">Swedish Farmsteads of Porter County, Indiana</a></div> <p>The Swedish Farmsteads of <a href="/wiki/Porter_County,_Indiana" title="Porter County, Indiana">Porter County, Indiana</a>, are representative of the numerous rural communities settled by a significant ethnic population. They influenced the religious community and social community. Swedish immigration was at its highest from 1840 until 1920. At its height in 1910, it was estimated that 1 out of every 5 Swedes was living in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Dodson_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dodson-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recreation">Recreation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Recreation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lieber-dunes-1916.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Lieber-dunes-1916.jpg/220px-Lieber-dunes-1916.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Lieber-dunes-1916.jpg/330px-Lieber-dunes-1916.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Lieber-dunes-1916.jpg/440px-Lieber-dunes-1916.jpg 2x" data-file-width="516" data-file-height="394" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lieber" title="Richard Lieber">Richard Lieber</a> (front right) with NPS Director <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Mather" title="Stephen Mather">Stephen Mather</a> at what would become Indiana Dunes State Park in 1916</figcaption></figure> <p>The park contains 15 miles (24 km) of beaches, as well as <a href="/wiki/Dune" title="Dune">sand dunes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bog" title="Bog">bogs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marsh" title="Marsh">marshes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swamp" title="Swamp">swamps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fen" title="Fen">fens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prairie" title="Prairie">prairies</a>, rivers, <a href="/wiki/Oak_savanna" title="Oak savanna">oak savannas</a>, and woodland forests. The park is also noted for its <a href="/wiki/Singing_sand" title="Singing sand">singing sands</a>. More than 350 species of birds have been observed in the park. It has one of the most diverse plant communities of any unit in the <a href="/wiki/List_of_areas_in_the_United_States_National_Park_System" title="List of areas in the United States National Park System">U.S. National Park System</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> with 1418 <a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">vascular plant</a> species including 90 threatened or endangered ones. The Indiana Dunes area is unique in that it contains both Arctic and boreal plants (such as the <a href="/wiki/Bearberry" title="Bearberry">bearberry</a>) alongside desert plants (such as the <a href="/wiki/Opuntia" title="Opuntia">prickly pear cactus</a>). </p><p>First-time visitors to the park often go to the Dorothy Buell Memorial Visitor Center at <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_20" title="U.S. Route 20">U.S. Route 20</a> and Indiana Route 49, near Porter. This center offers standard visitor-center amenities, including a video, brochures, hands-on exhibits, and a gift shop. It is free to the general public.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IndianaDunesBathHouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/IndianaDunesBathHouse.jpg/220px-IndianaDunesBathHouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/IndianaDunesBathHouse.jpg/330px-IndianaDunesBathHouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/IndianaDunesBathHouse.jpg/440px-IndianaDunesBathHouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="691" data-file-height="461" /></a><figcaption>Indiana Dunes State Park Bathhouse and Pavilion – Chesterton, Indiana</figcaption></figure> <p>Camping is available at the Dunewood Campground on <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_12" title="U.S. Route 12">U.S. Route 12</a>. The campground includes an RV dump station and two loops of trailer accessible sites (some with pull-through drives). All sites have grills, a picnic table, and access to restrooms with running water and showers. There are a limited number of walk-in sites in the Douglas Loop. </p><p>The park provides opportunities for <a href="/wiki/Birdwatching" title="Birdwatching">bird watching</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camping" title="Camping">camping</a>, 45 miles (72 km) of <a href="/wiki/Hiking" title="Hiking">hiking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_swimming" class="mw-redirect" title="Human swimming">swimming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Equestrianism" title="Equestrianism">horseback riding</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cross-country_skiing" title="Cross-country skiing">cross-country skiing</a>. Cycling is available on the <a href="/wiki/Calumet_Trail" title="Calumet Trail">Calumet Trail</a>, a crushed limestone multiuse trail which runs through the eastern section of the park, providing access to <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Dunes_State_Park" title="Indiana Dunes State Park">Indiana Dunes State Park</a>, as well as to the communities of <a href="/wiki/Beverly_Shores,_Indiana" title="Beverly Shores, Indiana">Beverly Shores</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Town_of_Pines,_Indiana" title="Town of Pines, Indiana">Town of Pines</a>; and Mount Baldy on the edge of <a href="/wiki/Michigan_City,_Indiana" title="Michigan City, Indiana">Michigan City, Indiana</a>. The Great Marsh Trail opened in 2010 with an accessible, paved section usable by wheelchairs opening in fall 2012. The trail is off Broadway in the east end of the park. The park has about 2 million visits a year. Rules state not to feed any of the wildlife, including seagulls, deer, or raccoons. Collecting crinoid fossils on the beach is strictly prohibited. Possession or use of a metal detector is also prohibited – as in all national parks. </p><p>Rangers provide free walks and talks throughout the park on a regular basis. The Singing Sands, the official newspaper of the national park is published semi-annually with a listing of Ranger lead activities.<sup id="cite_ref-EdProg_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EdProg-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Events in 2013, showed that on large dunes unexpected <a href="/wiki/Sink_holes" class="mw-redirect" title="Sink holes">sink holes</a> may develop. Scientists concluded these are caused by buried trees that eventually decay causing cavities.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trails">Trails</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Trails"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Indiana Dunes has numerous short hike trails and a few longer distance trails: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miller_Woods_Trail_Map.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Miller_Woods_Trail_Map.JPG/310px-Miller_Woods_Trail_Map.JPG" decoding="async" width="310" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Miller_Woods_Trail_Map.JPG/465px-Miller_Woods_Trail_Map.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Miller_Woods_Trail_Map.JPG/620px-Miller_Woods_Trail_Map.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1134" data-file-height="868" /></a><figcaption>Map of the Paul H. Douglas Trail</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b>Paul H. Douglas Trail</b>, formerly the Miller Woods Trail, is located off Lake Street in Gary's <a href="/wiki/Miller_Beach" title="Miller Beach">Miller Beach</a> community. The trail is fully accessible from a parking lot just north of the Douglas Center for Environmental Education.<sup id="cite_ref-IDNP_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IDNP-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Tolleston Dune</b> overlook is a short accessible walk through the treetops to a dune ridge overlook of the vast inland marsh. For a more in depth experiences, the Tolleston Dune trail consists of two loops forming a 3-mile (4.8 km) walk around the through the marsh and oak savannas.<sup id="cite_ref-PCCRVC_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCCRVC-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both trails start along U.S. 12, just east of the Porter-Lake County Line Road and the West Beach unit of the park in the Town of Ogden Dunes.</li> <li><b>Succession Trail</b> is located at West Beach. The trail climbs into the high dunes, and while mostly on boardwalk and stairways, the climb is steep. This trail is about 1 mile (1.6 km) long.<sup id="cite_ref-brochure_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brochure-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:508px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indiana_Dunes_National_Lakeshore-1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Succession Trail arriving at the beach"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Indiana_Dunes_National_Lakeshore-1.JPG/500px-Indiana_Dunes_National_Lakeshore-1.JPG" decoding="async" width="500" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Indiana_Dunes_National_Lakeshore-1.JPG/750px-Indiana_Dunes_National_Lakeshore-1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Indiana_Dunes_National_Lakeshore-1.JPG/1000px-Indiana_Dunes_National_Lakeshore-1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3910" data-file-height="1078" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Indiana_Dunes_National_Lakeshore-1.JPG" title="File:Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore-1.JPG"> </a></div>Succession Trail arriving at the beach</div></div></div> <ul><li><b>Bailly-Chellberg Trails</b> is a series of interconnected trails. Primarily, it consists of two loops through the historic area around the <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bailly_Homestead" title="Joseph Bailly Homestead">Bailly Homestead</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Chellberg_Farm" title="Chellberg Farm">Chellberg Farm</a>. This 2.5-mile (4.0 km) trail takes visitors to a second growth forest, where the trees had once been removed for farming or timber harvest. Included along the north spur is a trip the Bailly Cemetery.<sup id="cite_ref-PCCRVC_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCCRVC-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <b>Little Calumet River Trail</b> offers an opportunity to visit a restored prairie and the flood plain of the East Arm Little Calumet River. Both represent the land before settlers arrived. This 2.2-mile (3.5 km) trail can be reached from the Bailly-Chellburg Trails by walking west from the Homestead to Howe Road, then following it across the East Arm Little Calumet River and up through the wetland overlook and parking lot for Mnoke Prairie. This trail ends near the north end of the two loops of the Bailly Chellberg Trails, or visitors can walk from the parking area at Howe Road<sup id="cite_ref-PCCRVC_60-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCCRVC-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cowles_Bog_Trail.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Cowles_Bog_Trail.PNG/310px-Cowles_Bog_Trail.PNG" decoding="async" width="310" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Cowles_Bog_Trail.PNG/465px-Cowles_Bog_Trail.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Cowles_Bog_Trail.PNG/620px-Cowles_Bog_Trail.PNG 2x" data-file-width="938" data-file-height="194" /></a><figcaption>Contours of the Cowles Bog Trail from the trailhead to Lake Michigan. Distances shown in yards/meters.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b>Cowles Bog Trail</b> is reached off of North Mineral Springs Road. Parking is to the east of the guard shack for Dune Acres. This 5-mile (8.0 km) loop is one of the most rugged trails in the park. Visitors begin with a long level walk skirting the wetlands of the <a href="/wiki/Cowles_Bog" title="Cowles Bog">Cowles Bog</a> complex and the dune ridges to the north. Following the first fork to the north, they must climb through the dunes until they reach Lake Michigan. This is one of the least crowded areas of the park. Upon return, visitors can take the west part of the loop. Again through the dunes, covered with northern white cedars, black oaks and a variety of trees, visitors will again see inter-dunal wetlands, the open beach, and the long, flat Cowles Bog wetland complex. To complete the full 5 miles (8.0 km), visitors need to continue west around the wetlands to the parking area at Mineral Sproad crossing, with parking available at Mineral Springs Road, <a href="/wiki/Dune_Park_station" title="Dune Park station">Dune Park station</a>, Calumet Dunes Trail Park, and at U.S. 12, where it crosses the South Shore Tracks, just west of Michigan City.<sup id="cite_ref-brochure_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brochure-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <b>Calumet Dune Trail</b> is fully accessible from the Calumet Dunes Interpretive Center (Kemil Road at U.S. 12). The trail is 0.8 miles (1.3 km) long and fully paved. Here, visitors may observe a mature wetland forest.<sup id="cite_ref-PCCRVC_60-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCCRVC-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The far western end of the Calumet Dune Trail links to the <b>Glenwood Dune Horse and Hiking Trail</b>. The Horse trail is 6.4 miles (10.3 km) long and is accessible by horses and hikers from its own parking lot at U.S. 20 just west of Kemil Road. Visitors must bring their own horses.<sup id="cite_ref-PCCRVC_60-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCCRVC-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Burnham_Plan_trails">Burnham Plan trails</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Burnham Plan trails"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>Marquette Plan</b>, a Lakeshore Investment Strategy for Indiana, is composed of two key elements. A 50-mile (80 km) trail is planned to cross Indiana to link Illinois, Indiana, and Michigan communities along the Lake Michigan shore. There are planned both land trails for bicycles and hikers and a blue water trail for kayakers.<sup id="cite_ref-burnhamplan100.uchicago.edu_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-burnhamplan100.uchicago.edu-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Water_Trail">Water Trail</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Water Trail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Lake Michigan Water Trail, was designated a National Recreation Trail in 2011 and currently extends 45 miles (72 km) from Chicago's Northerly Island to Michigan City's Millennium Plaza.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Long_Distance_Hike/Bike_Trail"><span id="Long_Distance_Hike.2FBike_Trail"></span>Long Distance Hike/Bike Trail</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Long Distance Hike/Bike Trail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There will be links to major parks and a wide variety of cultural and natural sites. The 9-mile (14 km) Calumet Trail will eventually connect the eastern and western segments of Indiana Dunes National Park. The 3-mile (4.8 km) Porter Brickyard Trail opened in 2012 as part of the Burnham Plan Centennia<i>l</i>. It will link several community hike/bike trails to the Calumet Hike/Bike trail creating a link between the Lake County communities and Michigan City. Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission is guiding the work with assistance from local governments, the National Park Service, private landowners, and the American Planning Association.<sup id="cite_ref-burnhamplan100.uchicago.edu_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-burnhamplan100.uchicago.edu-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lake_Michigan">Lake Michigan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Lake Michigan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indiana_Dunes_National_Lakeshore_West_Beach_view_Chicago.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Indiana_Dunes_National_Lakeshore_West_Beach_view_Chicago.jpg/180px-Indiana_Dunes_National_Lakeshore_West_Beach_view_Chicago.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Indiana_Dunes_National_Lakeshore_West_Beach_view_Chicago.jpg/270px-Indiana_Dunes_National_Lakeshore_West_Beach_view_Chicago.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Indiana_Dunes_National_Lakeshore_West_Beach_view_Chicago.jpg/360px-Indiana_Dunes_National_Lakeshore_West_Beach_view_Chicago.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Chicago visible across Lake Michigan from West Beach, Indiana Dunes National Park</figcaption></figure> <p><b>West Beach</b>, located adjacent to <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_12" title="U.S. Route 12">U.S. Route 12</a> and County Line Road, lies on the border of <a href="/wiki/Gary,_Indiana" title="Gary, Indiana">Gary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portage,_Indiana" title="Portage, Indiana">Portage, Indiana</a>. It is a geographically separated section of the park that is preserved as a piece of public beach access and an example of the same theme of plant succession as is found in Cowles Bog. This section of the park displays most of the successive stages of Indiana Dunes biotic progression, from open beach sands to mature <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Black_Oak" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Black Oak">Eastern Black Oak</a> forest. The 0.7-mile (1.1 km) West Beach Succession Trail opened in 2007 and features different stages of plant succession in the beach and inland dunes. </p><p>The <b>Portage Lakefront and Riverwalk</b> was completed in 2009 as a project of the National Park Service, Northwest Indiana Regional Development Authority, and the City of Portage. The National Park Service owns the site and all facilities. The site is operated by the City of Portage through a cooperative agreement. </p><p><b>Porter Beach</b>, located north of <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_12" title="U.S. Route 12">U.S. Route 12</a>, is a small, public sand beach within Indiana Dunes National Park. The surrounding area is residential and is governed by the town of <a href="/wiki/Porter,_Indiana" title="Porter, Indiana">Porter</a>. </p> <ul><li>Kemil Beach</li> <li>Lake View</li> <li>Central Avenue Beach</li> <li>Mt. Baldy<sup id="cite_ref-brochure_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brochure-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_programs">Public programs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Public programs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Maple Sugar Time:</i><sup id="cite_ref-Schedule_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schedule-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For two weeks every spring, an opportunity to make maple sugar is offered. Visitors learn how Native Americans gathered sap and learn about maple trees and pioneer sugaring. In the sugar shack, the sap is boiled down into maple sugar and syrup.</li> <li><i>Kids' Fun at the Visitor Center:</i><sup id="cite_ref-Schedule_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schedule-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Every Sunday afternoon, a ranger meets with children to explore the Dorothy Buell Memorial Visitor Center and for an afternoon of activities.</li> <li><i>Paul H. Douglas Center Open House:</i><sup id="cite_ref-Schedule_64-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schedule-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the spring and the fall, families and a park ranger can explore Miller Woods. Each month, from 1:00 to 4:00 pm at the Paul H. Douglas Center, a different program is featured.</li> <li><i>Threatened Lake Michigan:</i><sup id="cite_ref-Schedule_64-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schedule-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several times a year, visitors and a ranger at the Dorothy Buell Memorial Visitor Center can explore some of the greatest threats facing Lake Michigan. From 1:00 to 2:00 pm, visitors learn about the <a href="/wiki/Bythotrephes_longimanus" title="Bythotrephes longimanus">spiny water flea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Round_goby" title="Round goby">round goby</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zebra_mussel" title="Zebra mussel">zebra mussel</a>, their impacts on Lake Michigan and how to thwart invasive species.</li> <li><i>Spring Blooms Hike:</i><sup id="cite_ref-Schedule_64-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schedule-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A ranger is met at the Dorothy Buell Memorial Visitor Center and carpooled to the week's best trail, where the forest is explored for wildflowers and other signs of spring. Several times each spring, from 1:00 to 3:00 pm, a group will study the park's wildflowers.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail_programs">Rail programs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Rail programs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Indiana Dunes National Park partners with the non-profit 501(c)(3) American Passenger Rail Heritage Foundation to provide on-board educational programs for train passengers on the <a href="/wiki/South_Shore_Line" title="South Shore Line">South Shore Line</a>. On select Saturdays, interpretive guides with the <a href="/wiki/APRHF_Rail_Rangers" class="mw-redirect" title="APRHF Rail Rangers">APRHF Rail Rangers</a> ride roundtrip between <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Station" title="Millennium Station">Millennium Station</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Bend_Airport_station" title="South Bend Airport station">South Bend Airport station</a> to provide narration about the park and the other sites passengers see outside their window.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Professional_development">Professional development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Professional development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the academic year, Indiana Dunes National Park and the Dunes Learning Center (DLC) provide professional development opportunities for teachers in the K–12 setting. Workshops feature experts in various fields of study, hands-on activities, and adventures within the national park. Illinois and Indiana teachers can receive continuing education units (CEUs) or continuing recertification units (CRUs) for each workshops. Those teachers wishing to earn graduate credit can do so through Indiana University Northwest and Chicago State University. Workshops are held at the DLC.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sister_park">Sister park</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Sister park"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The park has a sister park relationship with Poland's <a href="/wiki/Kampinos_National_Park" title="Kampinos National Park">Kampinos National Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accessibility">Accessibility</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Accessibility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The park can be accessed by car from <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_12" title="U.S. Route 12">U.S. Route 12</a>. Access by rail is provided by the <a href="/wiki/South_Shore_Line" title="South Shore Line">South Shore Line</a> at <a href="/wiki/Dune_Park_station" title="Dune Park station">Dune Park station</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Indiana Dunes is working to provide access to beach areas. Access to the waters of Lake Michigan is a challenging problem. Presently, two beach access areas are considered accessible: West Beach, Portage Lakefront and Riverwalk,<sup id="cite_ref-webAccess_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webAccess-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Accessible parking and restroom services are available throughout the park. A standard wheelchair is available for loan at the Paul H. Douglas Center.<sup id="cite_ref-webAccess_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webAccess-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>West Beach Bathhouse</li> <li>Paul H. Douglas Center for Environmental Education</li> <li>Dorothy Buell Memorial Visitor Center. Hearing Assist devices are available in the theater.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Facilities">Facilities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Facilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Dunewood Campground</b> is located in the east section of the park, south of <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_12" title="U.S. Route 12">U.S. Route 12</a> at Broadway. The facility has 78 campsites (53 drive-in some drive through and 25 walk-in). Both the Douglass and Mather loops have restrooms with showers and a wheelchair accessible site. The campground is open from April 1 through October 31. There is a fee.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Dorothy Buell Memorial Visitor Center</b> is located at 1215 N. State Road 49, just off <a href="/wiki/Indiana_State_Road_49" title="Indiana State Road 49">State Route 49</a> south of the intersection with <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_20" title="U.S. Route 20">U.S. Route 20</a>. The visitor center includes exhibits on the national park and a display of artwork created in the lakeshore. The center is jointly operated by the National Park Service and the Porter County Visitor and Recreation Commission (PCCRVC). The visitor center is open daily, except Thanksgiving, Christmas, and New Years.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Bailly/Chellberg Contact Station</b> is located in Porter, on Mineral Springs Road, just north of U.S. 20. It is closed most of the year, except during events. The parking area provides access to the Bailly Homestead and the Chellberg Farm.<sup id="cite_ref-nps.gov_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nps.gov-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Dunes Learning Center</b> or Indiana Dunes Environmental Learning Center is located on Howe Road, West of the Bailly/Chellberg Contact Station, on the grounds of the former Good Fellow Club Youth Camp. Founded in 1998, Dunes Learning Center is a 501(c)3 non profit environmental education organization working in partnership with Indiana Dunes National Park to deliver environmental education experiences.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Portage Lakefront and Riverwalk</b> is the newest facility at the national park. It is located along the Burns Waterway, tucked next to U.S. Steel's, Midwest Plant. It can be reached off of <a href="/wiki/Indiana_State_Road_249" title="Indiana State Road 249">Indiana State Road 249</a> by following the signs past the steel mill. The area offers a fishing pier, a riverwalk, and a hike bike trail through the restored dunescape. There is beach access and a 3,500-square-foot (330 m<sup>2</sup>) pavilion.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>West Beach Bathhouse</b> is located in Portage north of U.S. Route 12 on County Line Road. West Beach has ample parking, picnic shelters, and a bathhouse with showers. The bathhouse includes changing rooms, restrooms, and a lifeguarded beach. The Dune Succession Trails, West Beach Trail and the Long Lake Trail are all located in the West Beach area.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Paul H. Douglas Center for Environmental Education</b> is located in the far west end of the park, in the <a href="/wiki/Miller_Beach" title="Miller Beach">Miller Beach</a> community of the City of <a href="/wiki/Gary,_Indiana" title="Gary, Indiana">Gary</a>. It is just north of U.S. 20 and U.S. 12. The Education Center provides classrooms for programs on environmental topics. Participation is usually during a schedule program for schools and local organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-nps.gov_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nps.gov-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DBMVC_P5130039.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Dorothy Buell Memorial Visitor Center"><img alt="Dorothy Buell Memorial Visitor Center" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/DBMVC_P5130039.png/120px-DBMVC_P5130039.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/DBMVC_P5130039.png/180px-DBMVC_P5130039.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/DBMVC_P5130039.png/240px-DBMVC_P5130039.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dorothy Buell Memorial Visitor Center</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portage_Lakefront_DSC_0158.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Pavilion at Portage Lakefront and Riverwalk"><img alt="Pavilion at Portage Lakefront and Riverwalk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Portage_Lakefront_DSC_0158.png/120px-Portage_Lakefront_DSC_0158.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Portage_Lakefront_DSC_0158.png/180px-Portage_Lakefront_DSC_0158.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Portage_Lakefront_DSC_0158.png/240px-Portage_Lakefront_DSC_0158.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="532" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pavilion at Portage Lakefront and Riverwalk</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2010-11-26_3060x2040_portage_indiana_dunes.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Skyline of Chicago from West Beach"><img alt="Skyline of Chicago from West Beach" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/2010-11-26_3060x2040_portage_indiana_dunes.jpg/120px-2010-11-26_3060x2040_portage_indiana_dunes.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/2010-11-26_3060x2040_portage_indiana_dunes.jpg/180px-2010-11-26_3060x2040_portage_indiana_dunes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/2010-11-26_3060x2040_portage_indiana_dunes.jpg/240px-2010-11-26_3060x2040_portage_indiana_dunes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3060" data-file-height="2040" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Skyline of Chicago from West Beach</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dunes_National_Park_Association">Dunes National Park Association</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Dunes National Park Association"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2012, the Dunes National Park Association (DNPA) was established as a nonprofit organization dedicated to supporting the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore. The DNPA is endorsed by the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore. The primary purpose of the DNPA is to solicit funds for the direct benefit or support of the lakeshore and related activities, advocate on behalf of the park and educate the community on the abundant resources available in the national park.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Indiana" title="Geography of Indiana">Geography of Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_the_United_States" title="List of national parks of the United States">List of national parks of the United States</a></li></ul> <p><b>Geological forms</b> (North to South) </p> <ul><li>Modern Shoreline, <a href="/wiki/Waves_and_shallow_water" title="Waves and shallow water">Waves and shallow water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolleston_Shoreline" class="mw-redirect" title="Tolleston Shoreline">Tolleston Shoreline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calumet_Shoreline" title="Calumet Shoreline">Calumet Shoreline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Border_Moraine" title="Lake Border Moraine">Lake Border Moraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenwood_Shoreline" title="Glenwood Shoreline">Glenwood Shoreline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinley_Moraine" title="Tinley Moraine">Tinley Moraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valparaiso_Moraine" title="Valparaiso Moraine">Valparaiso Moraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kankakee_Outwash_Plain" title="Kankakee Outwash Plain">Kankakee Outwash Plain</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="People_associated_with_the_Dunes">People associated with the Dunes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: People associated with the Dunes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Arts</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_V._Dudley" title="Frank V. Dudley">Frank V. Dudley</a> (November 14, 1868 – 1957), artist<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jens_Jensen_(landscape_architect)" title="Jens Jensen (landscape architect)">Jens Jensen</a>, landscape architect (1860–1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_Theilgaard_Watts" title="May Theilgaard Watts">May Theilgaard Watts</a>, Chicago area writer and teacher.</li></ul></li> <li><b>Geologist</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Cressey" title="George Cressey">George Cressey</a>, wrote his doctoral dissertation on the "A Study of Indiana Sand Dunes".</li></ul></li> <li><b>Historic</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diana_of_the_Dunes" title="Diana of the Dunes">Diana of the Dunes</a>, Alice Gray (1881–1925)</li></ul></li> <li><b>Naturalist</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Way_Teale" title="Edwin Way Teale">Edwin Way Teale</a>, naturalist (1899–1980)<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><b>Preservation</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Botts" title="Lee Botts">Lee Botts</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://irma.nps.gov/Stats/SSRSReports/National%20Reports/Annual%20Park%20Ranking%20Report%20(1979%20-%20Last%20Calendar%20Year)">"Annual Park Ranking Report for Recreation Visits in: 2022"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Park+Ranking+Report+for+Recreation+Visits+in%3A+2022&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firma.nps.gov%2FStats%2FSSRSReports%2FNational%2520Reports%2FAnnual%2520Park%2520Ranking%2520Report%2520%281979%2520-%2520Last%2520Calendar%2520Year%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Dunes+National+Park" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCassidy_Randall" class="citation report cs1">Cassidy Randall. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rei.com/blog/news/the-story-behind-indianas-first-national-park">The Story Behind Indiana's First National Park</a> (Report)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=The+Story+Behind+Indiana%27s+First+National+Park&rft.au=Cassidy+Randall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rei.com%2Fblog%2Fnews%2Fthe-story-behind-indianas-first-national-park&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Dunes+National+Park" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Archaeology of Porter County; J. Gilbert McAllister; Indiana History Bulletin; Vol. X, No. 1; October 1932; Historical Bureau of the Indiana Library and Historical Department, Indianapolis; 1932</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dawn Bringelson and Jay T. Sturdevant; An Archeological Overview and Assessment of Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana; Midwest Archeological Center, Technical Report No. 97; Midwest Archeological Center; Lincoln, Nebraska; 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HSR-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HSR_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HSR_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bailly Homestead, Historic Structures Report, Historical Data Section; Harry Pfanz, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1972</span>, pg 4, manuscript, Margaret Larson; <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1907</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Taylor-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Taylor_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Taylor_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFtaylorsj2013" class="citation web cs1">taylorsj (July 27, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stephenjessetaylor.wordpress.com/2013/07/27/city-west-lost-metropolis-of-the-indiana-dunes/">"City West: Lost Metropolis of the Indiana Dunes"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+West%3A+Lost+Metropolis+of+the+Indiana+Dunes&rft.date=2013-07-27&rft.au=taylorsj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstephenjessetaylor.wordpress.com%2F2013%2F07%2F27%2Fcity-west-lost-metropolis-of-the-indiana-dunes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Dunes+National+Park" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenry_Chandler_Cowles1899" class="citation journal cs1">Henry Chandler Cowles (February 1899). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://semanticscholar.org/paper/a1a91c5f4841f9ffe45d2c8805304ed11142b62f">"The Ecological Relations of the Vegetation on the Sand Dunes of Lake Michigan. 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Ronald; Sacred Sands, The Struggle for Community in the Indiana Dunes; Wesleyan University Press, Middletown, Connecticut; 1983</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Parksite-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Parksite_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Parksite_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Parksite_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/indu/index.htm">"Indiana Dunes National Park (U.S. National Park Service)"</a>. <i>www.nps.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nps.gov&rft.atitle=Indiana+Dunes+National+Park+%28U.S.+National+Park+Service%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Findu%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Dunes+National+Park" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.beachcombingmagazine.com/blogs/news/what-happened-to-hoosier-slide">"What happened to Hoosier Slide?"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+happened+to+Hoosier+Slide%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.beachcombingmagazine.com%2Fblogs%2Fnews%2Fwhat-happened-to-hoosier-slide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Dunes+National+Park" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThiele" class="citation web cs1">Thiele, Rebecca. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wbaa.org/post/park-service-indiana-dunes-shouldnt-be-national-park">"Park Service: Indiana Dunes Shouldn't Be A National Park"</a>. <i>www.wbaa.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Dodson, July 10, 1994</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianadunes.com/getting-here/visitor-center/">"Visitor Center"</a>. <i>Indiana Dunes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indiana+Dunes&rft.atitle=Visitor+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indianadunes.com%2Fgetting-here%2Fvisitor-center%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Dunes+National+Park" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EdProg-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EdProg_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Education Programs At Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore brochure; National Park Service</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://my.chicagotribune.com/#section/-1/article/p2p-87686008/">"Chicago Tribune"</a>. <i>my.chicagotribune.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=my.chicagotribune.com&rft.atitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmy.chicagotribune.com%2F%23section%2F-1%2Farticle%2Fp2p-87686008%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Dunes+National+Park" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PCCRVC-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PCCRVC_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCCRVC_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCCRVC_60-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCCRVC_60-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCCRVC_60-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Indiana Dunes, the Casual Coast; Porter County Convention and Rec Commission, 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brochure-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brochure_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brochure_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brochure_61-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore brochure; National Park Service; 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-burnhamplan100.uchicago.edu-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-burnhamplan100.uchicago.edu_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-burnhamplan100.uchicago.edu_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100126030323/http://burnhamplan100.uchicago.edu/events/id/456">"Marquette Greenway Trail"</a>. <i>The Burnham Plan Centennial</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://burnhamplan100.uchicago.edu/events/id/456">the original</a> on January 26, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Burnham+Plan+Centennial&rft.atitle=Marquette+Greenway+Trail&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fburnhamplan100.uchicago.edu%2Fevents%2Fid%2F456&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Dunes+National+Park" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Making the waterways more paddle-friendly</i>; Heather Augustyn, Times Correspondent; Monday, June 15, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schedule-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schedule_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schedule_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schedule_64-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schedule_64-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schedule_64-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/indu/planyourvisit/events.htm?om=5&oy=2010&prk=indu">"Schedule of Events"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Schedule+of+Events&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Findu%2Fplanyourvisit%2Fevents.htm%3Fom%3D5%26oy%3D2010%26prk%3Dindu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Dunes+National+Park" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Trainweb Report, July 5, 2017. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.trainweb.org/outsidetherails/RRSouthShore2017/">[1]</a>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">APRHF News Release, July 5, 2017. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.aprhf.org/2017/07/05/aprhf-rail-rangers-begin-new-program-on-the-south-shore-line-in-illinois-and-indiana//">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170710132842/http://www.aprhf.org/2017/07/05/aprhf-rail-rangers-begin-new-program-on-the-south-shore-line-in-illinois-and-indiana/">Archived</a> July 10, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Trains Magazine, July 10, 2017. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://cs.trains.com/trn/f/742/p/263956/2978726.aspx">[3]</a>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lakeshore Public Radio, July 11, 2017. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://lakeshorepublicradio.org/post/rail-rangers-join-south-shore-line-passengers-ride#stream/0">[4]</a>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/indu/forteachers/professionaldevelopment.htm">"Professional Development"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Professional+Development&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Findu%2Fforteachers%2Fprofessionaldevelopment.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Dunes+National+Park" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/oia/topics/sisterparks/sisterparks.htm">"The NPS Sister Park Initiative & Guidelines"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+NPS+Sister+Park+Initiative+%26+Guidelines&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Foia%2Ftopics%2Fsisterparks%2Fsisterparks.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Dunes+National+Park" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/maps/@41.6496281,-87.0689465,15z">"Google Maps"</a>. <i>Google Maps</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 27,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+Maps&rft.atitle=Google+Maps&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fmaps%2F%4041.6496281%2C-87.0689465%2C15z&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Dunes+National+Park" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-webAccess-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-webAccess_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-webAccess_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/indu/planyourvisit/accessibility.htm">"Accessibility – Indiana Dunes National Park (U.S. National Park Service)"</a>. <i>nps.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nps.gov&rft.atitle=Accessibility+%E2%80%93+Indiana+Dunes+National+Park+%28U.S.+National+Park+Service%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Findu%2Fplanyourvisit%2Faccessibility.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Dunes+National+Park" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Indiana Dunes, Dunewood Campground Information</i>, National Park Service; Porter, Indiana; July 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Activities At Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore</i>; National Park Service; Porter, Indiana</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nps.gov-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nps.gov_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nps.gov_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/indu/planyourvisit/hours.htm">"Operating Hours & Seasons – Indiana Dunes National Park (U.S. National Park Service)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Operating+Hours+%26+Seasons+%E2%80%93+Indiana+Dunes+National+Park+%28U.S.+National+Park+Service%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Findu%2Fplanyourvisit%2Fhours.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Dunes+National+Park" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.duneslearningcenter.org/index.html">http://www.duneslearningcenter.org/index.html</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140712192627/http://www.duneslearningcenter.org/index.html">Dunes Learning Center</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 2014-07-12)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Singing Sands; Fall 2008–Spring 2009; Vol 29, No. 1; cover story</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A Times Special Report, NWI Now; March 1, 2009; The Times, Hammond, Indiana; Pg AA14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Eight Beaches of Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore</i>; National Park Service, Porter, Indiana; 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dunesnationalpark.org/about-dnpa">"Dunes National Park Association"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dunes+National+Park+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dunesnationalpark.org%2Fabout-dnpa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndiana+Dunes+National+Park" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.valpo.edu/events/dudley/about.php">About Frank V. Dudley : Frank V. Dudley Exhibit : Events : Valparaiso University</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070108004753/http://www.valpo.edu/events/dudley/about.php">Archived</a> 2007-01-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dune Boy: The Early Years of a Naturalist, Edwin W Teale; 1943</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Hill, C.L., et al. <i>Our Changing Landscape: Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore</i> [U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1085]. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C., 1991.</li> <li>Daniel, Glenda, <i>Dune Country, A Hiker's Guide to the Indiana Dunes</i> Swallow Press, Chicago, Illinois, 1984.</li> <li>Engel, J. Ronald; <i>Sacred Sands, The Struggle for Community in the Indiana Dunes</i>; Wesleyan University Press, Middletown, Connecticut; 1983</li> <li>Franklin, Kay & Norma Schaeffer, <i>Duel for the Dunes, Land Use Conflict on the Shores of Lake Michigan</i>; University of Illinois Press, Urbana, Illinois, 1983</li> <li>McPherson, Alan, <i>Nature Walks in Northern Indiana</i>, Hoosier Chapter of the Sierra Club, 1996</li> <li>Moore, Powell A., <i>The Calumet Region, Indiana's Last Frontier</i>, Indiana Historical Bureau, 1959</li> <li>Pitcher, Emma Bickham, <i>Up and Down the Dunes</i>, Shirley Heinze Environmental Fund, 1987</li> <li>Schaeffer, Norma & Kay Franklin, <i>'Round and About the Dunes</i>, Dunes Enterprise, Beverly Shores, Indiana 1983.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_Dunes_National_Park&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> has media related to:<br /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Indiana_Dunes_National_Park" class="extiw" title="commons:Indiana Dunes National Park"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Indiana Dunes National Park</span></a> (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Indiana_Dunes_National_Park" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Indiana Dunes National Park">category</a>)</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Indiana_Dunes_National_Park#Q6023179" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Indiana Dunes National Park">Indiana Dunes National Park</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/indu">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.in.gov/dnr/parklake/2980.htm">Indiana Dunes State Park</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080316031446/http://www.state.in.us/dnr/naturepr/npdirectory/preserves/dunes.html">Dunes Nature Preserve</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dunesnationalpark.org/">Dunes National Park Association</a></li> <li>The short film <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gov.usda.wetlands"><i>Indiana Wetlands</i></a> is available for free viewing and download at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_parks_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" 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4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_parks_of_the_United_States" title="Template:National parks of the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_parks_of_the_United_States" title="Template talk:National parks of the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_parks_of_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National parks of the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_parks_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_the_United_States" title="List of national parks of the United States">National parks of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#bbeb85;"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_the_United_States" title="List of national parks of the United States">List of national parks of the United States</a> (by <a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_the_United_States_by_elevation" title="List of national parks of the United States by elevation">elevation</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadia_National_Park" title="Acadia National Park">Acadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_of_American_Samoa" title="National Park of American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arches_National_Park" title="Arches National Park">Arches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badlands_National_Park" title="Badlands National Park">Badlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Bend_National_Park" title="Big Bend National Park">Big Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biscayne_National_Park" title="Biscayne National Park">Biscayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Canyon_of_the_Gunnison_National_Park" title="Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park">Black Canyon of the Gunnison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryce_Canyon_National_Park" title="Bryce Canyon National Park">Bryce Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyonlands_National_Park" title="Canyonlands National Park">Canyonlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Reef_National_Park" title="Capitol Reef National Park">Capitol Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlsbad_Caverns_National_Park" title="Carlsbad Caverns National Park">Carlsbad Caverns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_National_Park" title="Channel Islands National Park">Channel Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congaree_National_Park" title="Congaree National Park">Congaree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crater_Lake_National_Park" title="Crater Lake National Park">Crater Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuyahoga_Valley_National_Park" title="Cuyahoga Valley National Park">Cuyahoga Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_Valley_National_Park" title="Death Valley National Park">Death Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denali_National_Park_and_Preserve" title="Denali National Park and Preserve">Denali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_Tortugas_National_Park" title="Dry Tortugas National Park">Dry Tortugas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everglades_National_Park" title="Everglades National Park">Everglades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gates_of_the_Arctic_National_Park_and_Preserve" title="Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve">Gates of the Arctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_Arch_National_Park" title="Gateway Arch National Park">Gateway Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacier_National_Park_(U.S.)" title="Glacier National Park (U.S.)">Glacier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacier_Bay_National_Park_and_Preserve" title="Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve">Glacier Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canyon_National_Park" title="Grand Canyon National Park">Grand Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Teton_National_Park" title="Grand Teton National Park">Grand Teton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Basin_National_Park" title="Great Basin National Park">Great Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Sand_Dunes_National_Park_and_Preserve" title="Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve">Great Sand Dunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Smoky_Mountains_National_Park" title="Great Smoky Mountains National Park">Great Smoky Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_Mountains_National_Park" title="Guadalupe Mountains National Park">Guadalupe Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haleakal%C4%81_National_Park" title="Haleakalā National Park">Haleakalā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawai%CA%BBi_Volcanoes_National_Park" title="Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park">Hawaiʻi Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_Springs_National_Park" title="Hot Springs National Park">Hot Springs</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indiana Dunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_Royale_National_Park" title="Isle Royale National Park">Isle Royale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Tree_National_Park" title="Joshua Tree National Park">Joshua Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katmai_National_Park_and_Preserve" title="Katmai National Park and Preserve">Katmai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenai_Fjords_National_Park" title="Kenai Fjords National Park">Kenai Fjords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_Canyon_National_Park" title="Kings Canyon National Park">Kings Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobuk_Valley_National_Park" title="Kobuk Valley National Park">Kobuk Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Clark_National_Park_and_Preserve" title="Lake Clark National Park and Preserve">Lake Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lassen_Volcanic_National_Park" title="Lassen Volcanic National Park">Lassen Volcanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammoth_Cave_National_Park" title="Mammoth Cave National Park">Mammoth Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesa_Verde_National_Park" title="Mesa Verde National Park">Mesa Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rainier_National_Park" title="Mount Rainier National Park">Mount Rainier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_River_Gorge_National_Park_and_Preserve" title="New River Gorge National Park and Preserve">New River Gorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Cascades_National_Park" title="North Cascades National Park">North Cascades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_National_Park" title="Olympic National Park">Olympic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrified_Forest_National_Park" title="Petrified Forest National Park">Petrified Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinnacles_National_Park" title="Pinnacles National Park">Pinnacles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redwood_National_and_State_Parks" title="Redwood National and State Parks">Redwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_National_Park" title="Rocky Mountain National Park">Rocky Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saguaro_National_Park" title="Saguaro National Park">Saguaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequoia_National_Park" title="Sequoia National Park">Sequoia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenandoah_National_Park" title="Shenandoah National Park">Shenandoah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_National_Park" title="Theodore Roosevelt National Park">Theodore Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Islands_National_Park" title="Virgin Islands National Park">Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyageurs_National_Park" title="Voyageurs National Park">Voyageurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Sands_National_Park" title="White Sands National Park">White Sands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_Cave_National_Park" title="Wind Cave National Park">Wind Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrangell%E2%80%93St._Elias_National_Park_and_Preserve" title="Wrangell–St. Elias National Park and Preserve">Wrangell–St. Elias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_National_Park" title="Yellowstone National Park">Yellowstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yosemite_National_Park" title="Yosemite National Park">Yosemite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zion_National_Park" title="Zion National Park">Zion</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><div class="noviewer" style="position: relative;"> <div style="position: absolute; left: 276px; top: 28px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Acadia_National_Park" title="Acadia National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 70px; top: 74px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arches_National_Park" title="Arches National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 115px; top: 40px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Badlands_National_Park" title="Badlands National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 103px; top: 140px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Big_Bend_National_Park" title="Big Bend National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 240px; top: 161px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Biscayne_National_Park" title="Biscayne National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 83px; top: 73px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Black_Canyon_of_the_Gunnison_National_Park" title="Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 60px; top: 79px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bryce_Canyon_National_Park" title="Bryce Canyon National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 75px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canyonlands_National_Park" title="Canyonlands National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 64px; top: 74px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Reef_National_Park" title="Capitol Reef National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 96px; top: 117px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Carlsbad_Caverns_National_Park" title="Carlsbad Caverns National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 14px; top: 95px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_National_Park" title="Channel Islands National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 230px; top: 111px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Congaree_National_Park" title="Congaree National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 18px; top: 35px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Crater_Lake_National_Park" title="Crater Lake National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 216px; top: 56px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cuyahoga_Valley_National_Park" title="Cuyahoga Valley National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 29px; top: 82px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Death_Valley_National_Park" title="Death Valley National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 30px; top: 144px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denali_National_Park_and_Preserve" title="Denali National Park and Preserve"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 223px; top: 168px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dry_Tortugas_National_Park" title="Dry Tortugas National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 235px; top: 165px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Everglades_National_Park" title="Everglades National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 135px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gates_of_the_Arctic_National_Park_and_Preserve" title="Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 175px; top: 83px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gateway_Arch_National_Park" title="Gateway Arch National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 67px; top: 9px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Glacier_National_Park_(U.S.)" title="Glacier National Park (U.S.)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 49px; top: 159px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Glacier_Bay_National_Park_and_Preserve" title="Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 55px; top: 90px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canyon_National_Park" title="Grand Canyon National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 76px; top: 45px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Teton_National_Park" title="Grand Teton National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 45px; top: 65px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Great_Basin_National_Park" title="Great Basin National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 95px; top: 82px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Great_Sand_Dunes_National_Park_and_Preserve" title="Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 213px; top: 99px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Great_Smoky_Mountains_National_Park" title="Great Smoky Mountains National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 94px; top: 126px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_Mountains_National_Park" title="Guadalupe Mountains National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 90px; top: 160px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Haleakal%C4%81_National_Park" title="Haleakalā National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 100px; top: 167px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hawai%CA%BBi_Volcanoes_National_Park" title="Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 160px; top: 106px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hot_Springs_National_Park" title="Hot Springs National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 192px; top: 60px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Dunes_National_Park" title="Indiana Dunes National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 178px; top: 14px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Isle_Royale_National_Park" title="Isle Royale National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 34px; top: 100px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Tree_National_Park" title="Joshua Tree National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 25px; top: 163px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Katmai_National_Park_and_Preserve" title="Katmai National Park and Preserve"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 33px; top: 162px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kenai_Fjords_National_Park" title="Kenai Fjords National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 22px; top: 75px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kings_Canyon_National_Park" title="Kings Canyon National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 24px; top: 135px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kobuk_Valley_National_Park" title="Kobuk Valley National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 25px; top: 158px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lake_Clark_National_Park_and_Preserve" title="Lake Clark National Park and Preserve"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 16px; top: 50px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lassen_Volcanic_National_Park" title="Lassen Volcanic National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 198px; top: 85px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mammoth_Cave_National_Park" title="Mammoth Cave National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 78px; top: 82px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mesa_Verde_National_Park" title="Mesa Verde National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 27px; top: 11px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rainier_National_Park" title="Mount Rainier National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 224px; top: 79px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/New_River_Gorge_National_Park_and_Preserve" title="New River Gorge National Park and Preserve"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 30px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_Cascades_National_Park" title="North Cascades National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 18px; top: 4px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_National_Park" title="Olympic National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 65px; top: 98px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Petrified_Forest_National_Park" title="Petrified Forest National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 12px; top: 75px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pinnacles_National_Park" title="Pinnacles National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 07px; top: 48px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Redwood_National_and_State_Parks" title="Redwood National and State Parks"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 97px; top: 70px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_National_Park" title="Rocky Mountain National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 61px; top: 111px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saguaro_National_Park" title="Saguaro National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 22px; top: 75px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sequoia_National_Park" title="Sequoia National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 236px; top: 75px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Shenandoah_National_Park" title="Shenandoah National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 113px; top: 21px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_National_Park" title="Theodore Roosevelt National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 280px; top: 170px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Islands_National_Park" title="Virgin Islands National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/7px-Green_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/11px-Green_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/14px-Green_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 155px; top: 18px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Voyageurs_National_Park" title="Voyageurs National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 87px; top: 117px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/White_Sands_National_Park" title="White Sands National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 107px; top: 47px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wind_Cave_National_Park" title="Wind Cave National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 44px; top: 155px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wrangell%E2%80%93St._Elias_National_Park_and_Preserve" title="Wrangell–St. Elias National Park and Preserve"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 76px; top: 39px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_National_Park" title="Yellowstone National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 14px; top: 74px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yosemite_National_Park" title="Yosemite National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 49px; top: 82px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Zion_National_Park" title="Zion National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Locator_Blank.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/US_Locator_Blank.svg/289px-US_Locator_Blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="289" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/US_Locator_Blank.svg/434px-US_Locator_Blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/US_Locator_Blank.svg/578px-US_Locator_Blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="186" /></a></span></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Great_Lakes_of_North_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greatlakes" title="Template:Greatlakes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greatlakes" title="Template talk:Greatlakes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greatlakes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greatlakes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Great_Lakes_of_North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> of North America</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main lakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Erie" title="Lake Erie">Erie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Huron" title="Lake Huron">Huron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Michigan" title="Lake Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Ontario" title="Lake Ontario">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Superior" title="Lake Superior">Superior</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secondary lakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Nipigon" title="Lake Nipigon">Nipigon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Nipissing" title="Lake Nipissing">Nipissing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Simcoe" title="Lake Simcoe">Simcoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_St._Clair" title="Lake St. Clair">St. Clair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Winnebago" title="Lake Winnebago">Winnebago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Couchiching" title="Lake Couchiching">Couchiching</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bays and<br />channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Erie</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maumee_Bay" title="Maumee Bay">Maumee Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presque_Isle_Bay" title="Presque Isle Bay">Presque Isle Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandusky_Bay" title="Sandusky Bay">Sandusky Bay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Huron</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Bay" title="Georgian Bay">Georgian Bay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nottawasaga_Bay" title="Nottawasaga Bay">Nottawasaga Bay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_George_(Michigan%E2%80%93Ontario)" title="Lake George (Michigan–Ontario)">Lake George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munuscong_Lake" title="Munuscong Lake">Munuscong Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Channel_(Ontario)" title="North Channel (Ontario)">North Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potagannissing_Bay" title="Potagannissing Bay">Potagannissing Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saginaw_Bay" title="Saginaw Bay">Saginaw Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph_Channel" title="St. Joseph Channel">St. Joseph Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunder_Bay_(Michigan)" title="Thunder Bay (Michigan)">Thunder Bay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Michigan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Traverse_Bay" title="Grand Traverse Bay">Grand Traverse Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Bay_(Lake_Michigan)" title="Green Bay (Lake Michigan)">Green Bay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Bay_de_Noc" title="Big Bay de Noc">Big Bay de Noc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Bay_de_Noc" title="Little Bay de Noc">Little Bay de Noc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porte_des_Morts" title="Porte des Morts">Porte des Morts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sturgeon_Bay" title="Sturgeon Bay">Sturgeon Bay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manitou_Passage" title="Manitou Passage">Manitou Passage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ontario</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Harbour" title="Hamilton Harbour">Hamilton Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humber_Bay" title="Humber Bay">Humber Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodus_Bay" title="Sodus Bay">Sodus Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Harbour" title="Toronto Harbour">Toronto Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellers_Bay" title="Wellers Bay">Wellers Bay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Superior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Au_Train_Bay" title="Au Train Bay">Au Train Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chequamegon_Bay" title="Chequamegon Bay">Chequamegon Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huron_Bay" title="Huron Bay">Huron Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keweenaw_Bay" title="Keweenaw Bay">Keweenaw Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokegama_Bay" title="Pokegama Bay">Pokegama Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_Bay" title="Superior Bay">Superior Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunder_Bay_(Ontario)" title="Thunder Bay (Ontario)">Thunder Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitefish_Bay" title="Whitefish Bay">Whitefish Bay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batchawana_Bay" title="Batchawana Bay">Batchawana Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goulais_Bay" title="Goulais Bay">Goulais Bay</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">St. Clair</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchor_Bay_(Michigan)" title="Anchor Bay (Michigan)">Anchor Bay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Waterways</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_River" title="Detroit River">Detroit River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erie_Canal" title="Erie Canal">Erie Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_River_(Ontario)" title="French River (Ontario)">French River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Waterway" title="Great Lakes Waterway">Great Lakes Waterway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_River" title="Chicago River">Chicago River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niagara_River" title="Niagara River">Niagara River</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls" title="Niagara Falls">Falls</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipigon_River" title="Nipigon River">Nipigon River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Clair_River" title="St. Clair River">St. Clair River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_River" title="St. Lawrence River">St. Lawrence River</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_Seaway" title="St. Lawrence Seaway">St. Lawrence Seaway</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Marys_River_(Michigan%E2%80%93Ontario)" title="St. Marys River (Michigan–Ontario)">St. Marys River</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sault_Ste._Marie_Canal" title="Sault Ste. Marie Canal">Sault Ste. Marie Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soo_Locks" title="Soo Locks">Soo Locks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straits_of_Mackinac" title="Straits of Mackinac">Straits of Mackinac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sturgeon_Bay_Ship_Canal" title="Sturgeon Bay Ship Canal">Sturgeon Bay Ship Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trent%E2%80%93Severn_Waterway" title="Trent–Severn Waterway">Trent–Severn Waterway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welland_Canal" title="Welland Canal">Welland Canal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Welland_Canal" title="First Welland Canal">First canal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Great_Lakes" title="List of islands of the Great Lakes">Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostle_Islands" title="Apostle Islands">Apostle Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Detroit_River" title="List of islands in the Detroit River">Detroit River Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_Isle_Royale_National_Park" title="List of islands in Isle Royale National Park">Isle Royale National Park Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isle_Royale_National_Park" title="Isle Royale National Park">Isle Royale</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lake_Erie_Islands" title="List of Lake Erie Islands">Lake Erie Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manitoulin_Island" title="Manitoulin Island">Manitoulin Island</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Kagawong" title="Lake Kagawong">Lake Kagawong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Manitou" title="Lake Manitou">Lake Manitou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Mindemoya" title="Lake Mindemoya">Lake Mindemoya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treasure_Island_(Ontario)" title="Treasure Island (Ontario)">Treasure Island</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Ontario" title="List of islands of Ontario">Province of Ontario Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Michigan" title="List of islands of Michigan">State of Michigan Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Michigan_islands_in_Lake_Huron" title="List of Michigan islands in Lake Huron">Lake Huron Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_populated_islands_of_the_Great_Lakes" title="List of populated islands of the Great Lakes">Populated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potawatomi_Islands" title="Potawatomi Islands">Potawatomi Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic geology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Admiralty" title="Lake Admiralty">Lake Admiralty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Agassiz" title="Lake Agassiz">Lake Agassiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Algonquin" title="Lake Algonquin">Lake Algonquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Arkona" title="Lake Arkona">Lake Arkona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champlain_Sea" title="Champlain Sea">Champlain Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Chicago" title="Lake Chicago">Lake Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Chippewa" title="Lake Chippewa">Lake Chippewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Coleman" title="Lake Coleman">Lake Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Duluth" title="Lake Duluth">Lake Duluth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Lake_Erie" title="Early Lake Erie">Early Lake Erie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Frontenac" title="Lake Frontenac">Lake Frontenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacial_Lake_Iroquois" title="Glacial Lake Iroquois">Glacial Lake Iroquois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Maumee" title="Lake Maumee">Lake Maumee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipissing_Great_Lakes" title="Nipissing Great Lakes">Nipissing Great Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Saginaw" title="Lake Saginaw">Lake Saginaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Stanley" title="Lake Stanley">Lake Stanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Tonawanda" title="Lake Tonawanda">Lake Tonawanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Warren" title="Lake Warren">Lake Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Wayne" title="Lake Wayne">Lake Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Whittlesey" title="Lake Whittlesey">Lake Whittlesey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Glacial_Maximum" title="Last Glacial Maximum">Last Glacial Maximum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midcontinent_Rift_System" title="Midcontinent Rift System">Midcontinent Rift System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niagara_Escarpment" title="Niagara Escarpment">Niagara Escarpment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_Bonnet_Ridge" title="Scotch Bonnet Ridge">Scotch Bonnet Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_glaciation" title="Wisconsin glaciation">Wisconsin glaciation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_the_Great_Lakes" title="Alliance for the Great Lakes">Alliance for the Great Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_and_St._Lawrence_Governors_and_Premiers" title="Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Governors and Premiers">Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Governors and Premiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Areas_of_Concern" title="Great Lakes Areas of Concern">Great Lakes Areas of Concern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Basin_Soil_Erosion_and_Sediment_Control_Program" title="Great Lakes Basin Soil Erosion and Sediment Control Program">Great Lakes Basin Soil Erosion and Sediment Control Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Charter" title="Great Lakes Charter">Great Lakes Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Commission" title="Great Lakes Commission">Great Lakes Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Compact" title="Great Lakes Compact">Great Lakes Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Environmental_Research_Laboratory" title="Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory">Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Fishery_Commission" title="Great Lakes Fishery Commission">Great Lakes Fishery Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes%E2%80%93Saint_Lawrence_River_Basin_Sustainable_Water_Resources_Agreement" title="Great Lakes–Saint Lawrence River Basin Sustainable Water Resources Agreement">Great Lakes–Saint Lawrence River Basin Sustainable Water Resources Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Joint_Commission" title="International Joint Commission">International Joint Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_on_the_Great_Lakes" title="List of municipalities on the Great Lakes">Municipalities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_on_the_Great_Lakes" title="List of cities on the Great Lakes">Cities</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Basin" title="Great Lakes Basin">Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Yacht_Club_Race_to_Mackinac" title="Chicago Yacht Club Race to Mackinac">Chicago Yacht Club Race to Mackinac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Circle_Tour" title="Great Lakes Circle Tour">Circle Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_crossings_of_the_St._Lawrence_River_and_the_Great_Lakes" title="List of crossings of the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes">Crossings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Loop" title="Great Loop">Great Loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Door_County,_Wisconsin#Lake_breeze" title="Climate of Door County, Wisconsin">Lake breeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake-effect_snow" title="Lake-effect snow">Lake-effect snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_freighter" title="Lake freighter">Lake freighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Michigan%E2%80%93Huron" title="Lake Michigan–Huron">Lake Michigan–Huron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Michigan_Triangle" title="Lake Michigan Triangle">Lake Michigan Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_surfing" title="Lake surfing">Lake surfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_marine_protected_areas_of_the_Great_Lakes" title="List of marine protected areas of the Great Lakes">Marine protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marysburgh_vortex" title="Marysburgh vortex">Marysburgh vortex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_megalopolis" title="Great Lakes megalopolis">Megalopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Great_Lakes_museum_and_historic_ships" title="List of Great Lakes museum and historic ships">Museum and historic ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ports_on_the_Great_Lakes" title="List of ports on the Great Lakes">Ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_region" title="Great Lakes region">Region</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laurentia_(bioregion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Laurentia (bioregion)">Laurentia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_the_Great_Lakes" title="List of shipwrecks in the Great Lakes">Shipwrecks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_storms_on_the_Great_Lakes" title="List of storms on the Great Lakes">Storms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Coast" title="Third Coast">Third Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Treaty_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Great Lakes Treaty (disambiguation)">Treaties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="image" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Walden_Pond%2C_Massachusetts_on_June_27%2C_2012.png/28px-Walden_Pond%2C_Massachusetts_on_June_27%2C_2012.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Walden_Pond%2C_Massachusetts_on_June_27%2C_2012.png/42px-Walden_Pond%2C_Massachusetts_on_June_27%2C_2012.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Walden_Pond%2C_Massachusetts_on_June_27%2C_2012.png/56px-Walden_Pond%2C_Massachusetts_on_June_27%2C_2012.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Lakes" title="Portal:Lakes">Lakes portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Protected_areas_of_Indiana" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#abdb75;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Protected_areas_of_Indiana" title="Template:Protected areas of Indiana"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Protected_areas_of_Indiana" title="Template talk:Protected areas of Indiana"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Protected_areas_of_Indiana" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Protected areas of Indiana"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Protected_areas_of_Indiana" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_the_United_States" title="Protected areas of the United States">Protected areas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Rogers_Clark_National_Historical_Park" title="George Rogers Clark National Historical Park">George Rogers Clark National Historical Park</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indiana Dunes National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark_National_Historic_Trail" title="Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail">Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Boyhood_National_Memorial" title="Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial">Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_forest_(United_States)" title="National forest (United States)">National Forest</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoosier_National_Forest" title="Hoosier National Forest">Hoosier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="National Wildlife Refuge">National Wildlife Refuges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Oaks_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge">Big Oaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscatatuck_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Muscatatuck National Wildlife Refuge">Muscatatuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patoka_River_National_Wildlife_Refuge_and_Management_Area" title="Patoka River National Wildlife Refuge and Management Area">Patoka River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Natural_Landmarks_in_Indiana" title="List of National Natural Landmarks in Indiana">National Natural Landmarks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Walnut_Nature_Preserve" title="Big Walnut Nature Preserve">Big Walnut Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabin_Creek_Raised_Bog" title="Cabin Creek Raised Bog">Cabin Creek Raised Bog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvert_and_Porter_Woods" title="Calvert and Porter Woods">Calvert and Porter Woods Nature Preserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowles_Bog" title="Cowles Bog">Cowles Bog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawnee_Cave" title="Shawnee Cave">Donaldson Cave System and Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Dunes_State_Park#Dunes_Nature_Preserve" title="Indiana Dunes State Park">Dunes Nature Preserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fern_Cliff_Nature_Preserve" title="Fern Cliff Nature Preserve">Fern Cliff Nature Preserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanging_Rock_and_Wabash_Reef_National_Natural_Landmark" title="Hanging Rock and Wabash Reef National Natural Landmark">Hanging Rock and Wabash Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Spring" title="Harrison Spring">Harrison Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoosier_Prairie_State_Nature_Preserve" title="Hoosier Prairie State Nature Preserve">Hoosier Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marengo_Cave" title="Marengo Cave">Marengo Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meltzer_Woods" title="Meltzer Woods">Meltzer Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falls_of_the_Ohio_National_Wildlife_Conservation_Area" title="Falls of the Ohio National Wildlife Conservation Area">Ohio Coral Reef (Falls of the Ohio)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_State_Park#Pine_Hills_Natural_Area" title="Shades State Park">Pine Hills Natural Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinhook_Bog" title="Pinhook Bog">Pinhook Bog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Mothers_Memorial_Forest" title="Pioneer Mothers Memorial Forest">Pioneer Mothers Memorial Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_Arch_Nature_Preserve" title="Portland Arch Nature Preserve">Portland Arch Nature Preserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rise_at_Orangeville" title="Rise at Orangeville">Rise at Orangeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_Run_State_Park#Rocky_Hollow_Falls_Canyon_Nature_Preserve" title="Turkey Run State Park">Rocky Hollow-Falls Canyon Nature Preserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigeon_River_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Pigeon River Fish and Wildlife Area">Tamarack Bog Nature Preserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_River_(Indiana)#National_Natural_Landmarks" title="Lost River (Indiana)">Wesley Chapel Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesselman_Woods_Nature_Preserve" title="Wesselman Woods Nature Preserve">Wesselman Park Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyandotte_Caves" title="Wyandotte Caves">Wyandotte Cave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indiana_state_parks" title="List of Indiana state parks">State Parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brown_County_State_Park" title="Brown County State Park">Brown County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chain_O%27Lakes_State_Park_(Indiana)" title="Chain O'Lakes State Park (Indiana)">Chain O'Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlestown_State_Park" title="Charlestown State Park">Charlestown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifty_Falls_State_Park" title="Clifty Falls State Park">Clifty Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deam_Lake_State_Recreation_Area" title="Deam Lake State Recreation Area">Deam Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falls_of_the_Ohio_State_Park" title="Falls of the Ohio State Park">Falls of the Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Harrison_State_Park" title="Fort Harrison State Park">Fort Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonie_State_Park" title="Harmonie State Park">Harmonie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Dunes_State_Park" title="Indiana Dunes State Park">Indiana Dunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_State_Park" title="Lincoln State Park">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCormick%27s_Creek_State_Park" title="McCormick's Creek State Park">McCormick's Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mounds_State_Park" title="Mounds State Park">Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Bannon_Woods_State_Park" title="O'Bannon Woods State Park">O'Bannon Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouabache_State_Park" title="Ouabache State Park">Ouabache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokagon_State_Park" title="Pokagon State Park">Pokagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potato_Creek_State_Park" title="Potato Creek State Park">Potato Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophetstown_State_Park" title="Prophetstown State Park">Prophetstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_State_Park" title="Shades State Park">Shades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakamak_State_Park" title="Shakamak State Park">Shakamak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Mill_State_Park" title="Spring Mill State Park">Spring Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starve_Hollow_State_Recreation_Area" title="Starve Hollow State Recreation Area">Starve Hollow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summit_Lake_State_Park" title="Summit Lake State Park">Summit Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tippecanoe_River_State_Park" title="Tippecanoe River State Park">Tippecanoe River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_Run_State_Park" title="Turkey Run State Park">Turkey Run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versailles_State_Park" title="Versailles State Park">Versailles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_River_State_Park" title="White River State Park">White River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitewater_Memorial_State_Park" title="Whitewater Memorial State Park">Whitewater Memorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indiana_state_forests" title="List of Indiana state forests">State Forests</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clark_State_Forest" title="Clark State Forest">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_State_Forest" title="Ferdinand State Forest">Ferdinand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Slocum_State_Forest" title="Frances Slocum State Forest">Frances Slocum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greene%E2%80%93Sullivan_State_Forest" title="Greene–Sullivan State Forest">Greene–Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison%E2%80%93Crawford_State_Forest" title="Harrison–Crawford State Forest">Harrison–Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson%E2%80%93Washington_State_Forest" title="Jackson–Washington State Forest">Jackson–Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_State_Forest" title="Martin State Forest">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan%E2%80%93Monroe_State_Forest" title="Morgan–Monroe State Forest">Morgan–Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen%E2%80%93Putnam_State_Forest" title="Owen–Putnam State Forest">Owen–Putnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pike_State_Forest_(Indiana)" title="Pike State Forest (Indiana)">Pike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravinia_State_Forest" title="Ravinia State Forest">Ravinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salamonie_River_State_Forest" title="Salamonie River State Forest">Salamonie River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selmier_State_Forest" title="Selmier State Forest">Selmier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellowwood_State_Forest" title="Yellowwood State Forest">Yellowwood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indiana_fish_and_wildlife_areas" title="List of Indiana fish and wildlife areas">State Fish and Wildlife Areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hovey_Lake_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Hovey Lake Fish and Wildlife Area">Hovey Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper-Pulaski_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Jasper-Pulaski Fish and Wildlife Area">Jasper–Pulaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kankakee_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Kankakee Fish and Wildlife Area">Kankakee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsbury_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Kingsbury Fish and Wildlife Area">Kingsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaSalle_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="LaSalle Fish and Wildlife Area">LaSalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigeon_River_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Pigeon River Fish and Wildlife Area">Pigeon River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J.E._Roush_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="J.E. Roush Fish and Wildlife Area">J. E. 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