CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91357e71b850f938',cH: 'otLDqPr71QUm1fnTtL9oFc7VaS2s3rayDr0vG3liutU-1739792335-1.2.1.1-jimjiIiyRWbq379kNDsNfH9g.Y2xN.KHQvgBkSsWkgLA5b1tckmHphXGcUwcEsOu',cUPMDTk: "\/3951\/ris?__cf_chl_tk=D4rnGuPph9M.WIkqQx9NG7zBArQvJDxrIIBNgAjdslY-1739792335-1.0.1.1-EPFwb0xX26NAp_JInARviiaPASGela0wjbGqx_upZFo",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739792335',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/3951\/ris?__cf_chl_f_tk=D4rnGuPph9M.WIkqQx9NG7zBArQvJDxrIIBNgAjdslY-1739792335-1.0.1.1-EPFwb0xX26NAp_JInARviiaPASGela0wjbGqx_upZFo",md: "iMgJ_3ctAhxYQ5EwbbZpoUX0aE2L_KHAl1H1Sv0EYws-1739792335-1.2.1.1-Cyi19bW4s30zNEyM3dCvzJIX732TsbHSb6wBaHCRRRrcZQ0.nJiKcFUS5dxvXFcmO6hzifCoW.SCanK2SWSfGgiKaq9fkHdCPzwEIlolmlgYaWkl0vUC7YnykkR20qKs34QxO2tsscbvGlHayxjHQMx8WLExLNoEKgbVzpY1JZpFWZXzv65zqRruUkJXkcFf0VLcwyI0nKSF.wnGHB_P0lKBptBgBeEoluQSpy0nRmdk.UpvPWaSeQ300CzZRrr1RchwUHhAUeLOxhilTF7hLmnfny9Vww3YWwlRicvczHKiFWEK1H8Zf1W1LgE68Ls_dntKKJ12uIDknHhyttETTJcpP7.QVb2KZleNuiFmDTnjEjvQFbtnnJB7RSI4lwOvuzbDdcr7lmIF3q590MFwJTiFWTWfostcxOHv6LS5._lqtCMSBpdY_vampVWH3bdKgjQ1J2alwX5h9Niroe1QzhePg6I2VR8k.ihxQiCuTc.oDINA839_t4Rl4Xz9Y4zqWSoJB_Jg3ikyPqesRAs5I6igQqXMwYbHMoyIMZ71x.Ms2rbNyfKOnyQ6WX9FSd4pxwu_mJZC4TF7ENTHEtevwh.jDzyA7R7NQx0nYD4GA8ZkROlPLjB_O3kPJ7CmLf3BxWMgjk2Vmc_EMyke4j9itsb.UlOGBvkihV2yLycXiY8B16.wg6hyKXGWtjUIoUr9kn9a1NJx4RrEkQi.ofOCw3sroPeGY.rglrJM3UZR_vPwXzFckVn2SAt223K3eDUEGhHMaKlxk8dpTNpKCCs6CrArAoycBCSCNSxiKjsLoMwEqKbCvb218dL8DLvGjC9ILYaNvKziwbnGipxEH._LpNfnjjBtTlmNQ.G25K4DpIbzvAJAwOXZi4cZFp7hVMYG2WC.Q2acNSA4XmHMMFrWUHe_MQscRPhHVNzVLX4vBMi9eZmG0m77FpQIzKDdoSBD2LfGowzuVs4iH6B9_3e2y.Z4mDvl70.zNpsLYYDE3MGOtBD3FiX_ql5jxneiUixnPzEDxd9e3pei7LPx2Gbq76XRfPZXbjpdISMQpwY2NT8hsLjYN2sccbrTK2WVkefZyZNIVZFopXZgfZ2avWM4dpX3pTdDNkZ69WUiqCVF9GDyttPifRCsZLfl5dBjawX9MKXoTNEIY.vTn0sgUy0F.WMzYOW6wCg5lYc5F.nuWEBHP4WbypoJaGE4SDmx.xQC61mKJA.8dp_NdC3nzbIlDar1sVS0pGSQa8WTcS949ThTHSuSJw02CLBhpoJjM55.Hf1h96ybQRsAOWlQY4Ggi.WjDIj1q9Q5MfdaR5MKS0wFy9qHMME7v9FLaFfEYnTeswEFeIHdtKWp0UQjktkdqGAuXF1rbKOf9RjuRzRYJdpoIyKs6HLCqa6HxDaczCZdlEM4owPaAxRUWZFChpqKP2afRC.YiUf0Nmyrm.Fke4ePepv68kP5GovH5hspWCDvHbClyfWRjhfrldoguLsR4Uoa4ZVyWqfmkaCF3VbhL88ZYnFsHc0BqQezo0M0C1soE3WqDgNGI9qpXHxogDmcBeN06S5pKB3IRXH6qRSl5QJvWtGSy3BniR65_QwO0ucytJPsDyVtpsszXjvjhA6.5Ipduh8OERAAwLVqSmfbxUVbrp17zNSFFSTQfdFXOvOA.8Qabihxgiv3vYOKWQeN0gWN3geJv.PvMlBWtvVYqLAH0YRNYzgyv7dkkNdEi6oh79MivKhqcTaYbhW4KMqlvPnl6osp8bix0SBl4mP0CkQoSuNDb13re8eMag5zYeU1DYXBFMvWl_mA3zQxv6k0fST4fR9SgeU1UbKt2tYtDoCmdIpfkT4xBfvyafK.bl9ESTWZViZIxgbVLNJ87J0psg",mdrd: "jPiCAjgWahzFFAtHlZclOYm844kEynkElwGpDU..wyw-1739792335-1.2.1.1-7EbE0yBKjcIyJQNdZqiA8K8UcoJavXMSIfZMCrku_HuNnwfJ7BUbAdk2UIaiQbHUhK2i6GzNOov2m1MdcCD0ma32wugdrGjxCx6Xm9npqAVk_mpVki.Vy4P0YQOEY8_n6SlnB4MLGX43MBhz5DNTpTFxK62q3hM8KjjIw1Y8Qe28qm3TLFwmNsewDAffJZyo2byeUz3MvXqkisJTJcMBqvENixJRrb1Evmg6CgFDU4ifZPlkUgpMHof44NsvQzTGOEUDCW7tmrOI5ZFD65EE._VacEN0XM3F77ArQjIlWDZ0HSO8A69j4WcO4SwO_ZJIe0._dWGuV5HBZ82dSIs8YV75q9Z8dCaq4bpYpkXDjveyQAkQkuk3GJVFi.EttqWnh2uRu8HzZsqBhd6EDi3RCN8ohuL7YFUrY11IAuSKJJQ6poXEIL.jriKwq9R875dUI1xu_dIgA3Txl3YjQ296HNUTycREgERVuQ6Prolo.nQvF1W6ikF9R7z0ZDehuu.u0TKIT99WZq5DNGPJVPgHTWVUxJs.ChFiHlUQoPswna4Qx4qTnhs1VoBqvAEAbLeuuq9EwTxZdB851LnKSC7ZMrf1ld92oIuBoE5S6f8Huup_3ONzgeGoC7lRPLJtbbS9Zt2VOGtxgZFkmelXiKT7COsrjDoq9EoEkrUDZ1qVUyqW3xzYEii9Vbu4YZ2Tu9CvaWNUegnHw6rmbmwvL0kY_1g6YxTuwRBmzdwzjV3vt6Fczn7FAngqYd1Hhr0FO7WdHuaBQE4E3ws9H96T_U7loABoP7qHxHJFSn4KTfZ9RD1Df_3yt7dxQuc2RPuW1.ox62fCWCp4gBXKVrxiiON73YF9CtT0mkPaMV9V0doffphVvDxs3Ke.bys__at55ZfJMqgIaq1lOVRUpQmaGHfsF6dtr.85_eWRH3SxUYWyMPNAcgs5sevP5YfHOjJWmqt_qytavos3cj078BSuIexTB7AUEy0.dAe8Ve0Y2O7CvNi.lo2_XLhIeWL3XpdFf39mPsnd9Yfd3CWcTJJBHsItHhjivYcm.di3EjvyYMOSaiD45VqLE2efJopyGWqL7LCAiWXOWWmJ9CGX7BFVC3xk7fDppeGd400mkjMsLqKvnxLyxakPk26E6QLsLCNVXlIcR.WAKNvSDE6k7GwstO0MWTjJLxJZbAmM8E9Kz9V.CYh1HwguR4OJDuvfP2pJStZSg9Z8N5c7KWKb4j7AiWrN91ZQXHIkSbEjFaAmM0cwBbLmGRjq.Y3zFKQhld1wQVpqb0A.UvrwEjuzl5MWP.ubG8Bu.gCrAQn0oaAmP71Zb2g9m_YoibPFwnMWi4erfvIXcrrGlIE7vM1fhTRDeugtF4TMjjap1jtH1wcTP547zvwV6d.UTXevW1EaD09WC0jrpLzvEYcH5sm2wGkLqd_He6M6FsgVnp6_YJrVD1Hrl5uttIEP8BY6RpuEJ8tyUjpxWhsqkvTy6yrgPqga.hc.4DQonojs4dWtrcgPPolfY.ReXSJJCCiYv4J9xSP9fQp4xzHdT6rnkpSUyrTVXpWe7WEhbNC7B2ArvTaecQCateinSApNRyPorhieMT0H7MQlaMHiZXLNP4qcMWZhJFhfH7wbQBIcDGSJuCpNW3JtQ55rof506ogbIeD1BO.G5qZxJS9X2.2z8gHJ9q8L585VIiPH5Eqp4ImIxLkkeL9ZFdLb2nuto2o_r1H2.662PfSV8Iarq5UoUBaICks6Lzhsz6wh2CUWWLWSNbkCQkZPrx5A11DMf2Ve.GboN5UHpnZgZV2JO_g9vmLPH6xd1hyMSnSoPiW7N7x9HXffn4nWF.1scqBc4IsJWlty.rWbpsZeyVAuo0CtJdbHicTxppnZh2gHvcXKsN3rSmD8VY_acQOl3s0oJg7wqEngZexnxEW_o.gajHjBWOjuIZPqtlyfFofhkEAQfxlkpIbp9M3.B0im42pxG6elFRMpfzd.1a_2eZpr5Wou.HIr_lSXVyMDaw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91357e71b850f938';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/3951\/ris?__cf_chl_rt_tk=D4rnGuPph9M.WIkqQx9NG7zBArQvJDxrIIBNgAjdslY-1739792335-1.0.1.1-EPFwb0xX26NAp_JInARviiaPASGela0wjbGqx_upZFo" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>